FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Iloeje, UH Yuan, Y Moorman, AC Wood, KC Holmberg, SD AF Iloeje, UH Yuan, Y Moorman, AC Wood, KC Holmberg, SD TI Concurrent statin therapy blunts CD4+cell gain in combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) treated HIV-infected patients SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Washington, DC C1 Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Pharmaceut Res Inst, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Plainsboro, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Corp, Mclean, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 6 MA 069 BP L41 EP L41 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 960TL UT WOS:000231616000098 ER PT J AU Richards, GP Watson, MA Fankhauser, RL Monroe, SS AF Richards, GP Watson, MA Fankhauser, RL Monroe, SS TI Genogroup I and II noroviruses detected in stool samples by real-time reverse transcription-PCR using highly degenerate universal primers SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; UNITED-STATES; RT-PCR; INFECTION; OUTBREAKS AB Genogroup I noroviruses from five genetic clusters and genogroup II noroviruses from eight genetic clusters were detected in stool extracts using degenerate primers and single-tube, real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) with SYBR Green detection. Two degenerate primer sets, designated MON 431-433 and MON 432-434, were designed from consensus sequences from the major clusters of norovirus based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region of the norovirus genome. Viruses were extracted from stool samples within 20 min using a viral RNA extraction kit. Real-time RT-PCR for noroviruses generated semiquantitative results by means of the cycle threshold data and dilution endpoint standard curves. Presumptive product verification was achieved by evaluation of first-derivative melt graphs. Multiple clusters of noroviruses were identified simultaneously in a multiplex fashion by virtue of slight differences in melting temperature. The detection of 13 different genetic clusters suggests that the MON primers may serve as universal primers for most, if not all, of the noroviruses in a multiplex assay. Our technique provides a framework for broad application of real-time RT-PCR in clinical, environmental, and food testing laboratories for a wide range of noroviruses. C1 Delaware State Univ, James WW Baker Ctr, USDA ARS, Dover, DE 19901 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Richards, GP (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, James WW Baker Ctr, USDA ARS, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM grichard@desu.edu OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 15 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 BP 7179 EP 7184 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7179-7184.2004 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 879LM UT WOS:000225719300030 PM 15574915 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Fayer, R Trout, JM Ryan, UA Schaefer, FW Xiao, LH AF Zhou, L Fayer, R Trout, JM Ryan, UA Schaefer, FW Xiao, LH TI Genotypes of Cryptosporidium species infecting fur-bearing mammals differ from those of species infecting humans SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; WILDLIFE RODENTS; HUMAN FECES; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; RESERVOIR; OOCYSTS; PARVUM; GIARDIA AB Of 471 specimens examined from foxes, raccoons, muskrats, otters, and beavers living in wetlands adjacent to the Chesapeake Bay, 36 were positive for five types of Cryptosporidium, including the C. canis dog and fox genotypes, Cryptosporidium muskrat genotypes I and II, and Cryptosporidium skunk genotype. Thus, fur-bearing mammals in watersheds excreted host-adapted Cryptosporidium oocysts that are not known to be of significant public health importance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Murdoch Univ, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 22 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 BP 7574 EP 7577 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7574-7577.2004 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 879LM UT WOS:000225719300080 PM 15574965 ER PT J AU Ruder, AM Waters, MA Butler, MA Carreon, T Calvert, GM Davis-King, KE Schulte, PA Sanderson, WT Ward, EM Connally, LB Heineman, EF Mandel, JS Morton, RF Reding, DJ Rosenman, KD Talaska, G AF Ruder, AM Waters, MA Butler, MA Carreon, T Calvert, GM Davis-King, KE Schulte, PA Sanderson, WT Ward, EM Connally, LB Heineman, EF Mandel, JS Morton, RF Reding, DJ Rosenman, KD Talaska, G CA Brain Canc Collaborative Study Grp TI Gliomas and farm pesticide exposure in men: The upper midwest health study SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE agricultural workers' diseases; case-control studies; glioma; pesticides; rural population ID BRAIN CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PROXY RESPONDENTS; SURROGATE RESPONDENTS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; LUNG-CANCER; NEW-ZEALAND; RISK; MORTALITY; COHORT AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health evaluated farm pesticide exposure and glioma risk in a study that included 457 glioma cases and 648 population-based controls, all adult men (18-80 yr old) and nonmetropolitan residents of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Multiple logistic regressions were used to control for farm residence, age, age group, education, and exposure to other pesticides. No associations were found between glioma and 12 specific pesticides. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and found reduced glioma risk for insecticides (OR = 0.53, CI = 0.37-0.77), fumigants (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.34-0.95), and organochlorines (OR = 0.66, CI = 0.47-0.94). In analyses excluding proxy respondents (47% of cases) most CIs included 1.0. No positive association of farm pesticide exposure and glioma was found. Other farm exposures may explain the excess brain cancer risk seen in previous studies. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NCI, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Mercy Fdn, Des Moines, IA USA. Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Ruder, AM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-16, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Carreon, Tania/A-6548-2008; Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 6 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2004 VL 59 IS 12 BP 650 EP 657 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 052BA UT WOS:000238204300004 PM 16789473 ER PT J AU Alexander, L Birkhead, G Guerra, F Helms, C Hinman, A Katz, S LeBaron, CW Modlin, J Murphy, TV AF Alexander, L Birkhead, G Guerra, F Helms, C Hinman, A Katz, S LeBaron, CW Modlin, J Murphy, TV CA NVAC-ACIP Joint Working Grp Ctr Dis Control Prevention TI Ensuring preparedness for potential poliomyelitis outbreaks - Recommendations for the US poliovirus vaccine stockpile from the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) and the Advisory Committee on immunization practices (ACIP) SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; ERADICATION; COVERAGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; NETHERLANDS; POPULATION; RESURGENCE; VIROLOGY AB Paralytic poliomyelitis was once endemic in the United States; however, because of high vaccination levels, the last case of wild disease occurred in 1979. Although worldwide polio eradication maybe achieved in the near future, the presence of undervaccinated children in urban areas and among groups who refuse vaccination creates an outbreak risk, should importation of wild virus occur. In 1999, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) be used for routine immunization of the US population and that oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) be reserved for "mass vaccination campaigns to control outbreaks of paralytic polio." Subsequently, the sole US manufacturer of OPV withdrew from the market. In 2003, a joint National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC)/ACIP working group was charged with reporting to its parent bodies concerning the need for a poliovirus vaccine stockpile. Based on that working group's report, the NVAC and ACIP have concluded that stockpiles of both IPV and OPV should be maintained. In the event of an outbreak in which OPV continues not to be available, IPV should be used for control, and a stockpile of 8 million doses seems to be sufficient. Should IPV be manufactured only in combination with other vaccines, appropriate procurement actions should be taken to ensure that uncombined IPV continues to be stockpiled. Under circumstances of diminished population immunity, OPV may offer outbreak control advantages. The NVAC and ACIP recommend that the United States collaborate with international agencies to provide guaranteed and rapid access to at least 8 million doses of trivalent OPV or 8 million doses of each of the 3 types of monovalent OPV. The regulatory and practical obstacles to implementation of this recommendation will require assertive facilitation at high levels of the federal government and careful planning at the state and local levels. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. San Antonio Metropolitan Hlth Dist, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Hanover, NH USA. Dept Pediat, Hanover, NH USA. RP Alexander, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 12 Corp Blvd,MS E-61,Room 3407, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM lalexander@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 158 IS 12 BP 1106 EP 1112 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 876MY UT WOS:000225502400003 PM 15583093 ER PT J AU Sherry, B Mei, Z Scanlon, KS Mokdad, AH Grurnmer-Strawn, LM AF Sherry, B Mei, Z Scanlon, KS Mokdad, AH Grurnmer-Strawn, LM TI Trends in state-specific prevalence of overweight and underweight in 2-through 4-year-old children from low-income families from 1989 through 2000 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY; CHILDHOOD AB Objectives: To document overweight and underweight state-specific prevalence and examine trends among 2- through 4-year-old children from low-income families. Methods: State-specific and overall overweight and underweight prevalence for 1989, 1994, and 2000 and trend analyses during the study period are documented. Overweight was defined as a sex-specific body mass index (BMI) for age in the 95th percentile or higher and underweight as a sex-specific BMI for age in less than the fifth percentile on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. These analyses are based on one randomly selected record per child per year for 30 states consistently participating in the CDC Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System in 1989, 1994, and 2000. Prevalence in 1989 and 1994 is adjusted to state-specific age and race/ethnicity distribution of the popu- were categorized as 5% or less, more than 5% to 10%, more than 10% to 15%, more than 15% to 20%, and more than 20%. Results: The number of states that reported overweight prevalence of more than 10% increased from 11 in 1989 to 28 in 2000. Underweight decreased during the study period: 9 states in 1989 and 23 states in 2000 had a prevalence of 5% or less. No geographic predominance was apparent. Trend analyses showed significant increases in overweight in 30 states (P < .01) and decreases in underweight in 26 states (P < .05). Conclusions: Overweight is increasing and underweight is decreasing in our study population. We need to expand prevention and intervention efforts to reverse the rising trend of overweight in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sherry, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bsberry@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 158 IS 12 BP 1116 EP 1124 DI 10.1001/archpedi.158.12.1116 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 876MY UT WOS:000225502400005 PM 15583095 ER PT J AU Engstrom, S Bowman, JD AF Engstrom, S Bowman, JD TI Magnetic resonances of ions in biological systems SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE ion oscillator; magnetic field detection; resonance; interference ID 2-LEVEL QUANTUM-SYSTEMS; FIELD INTERACTIONS; OPTICAL RESONANCE; MODULATED FIELDS; BINDING SITES; MECHANISM; FREQUENCY; MODEL; INTERFERENCE; CELLS AB A magnetic field transduction mechanism based on an ion oscillator model is derived from an explicit quantum mechanical description. The governing equation prescribes how the electric dipole moment of an ion oscillating in a symmetric potential well evolves under the influence of an arbitrary magnetic field. The resulting equation is an analog of the Bloch equation, a well-studied model for magnetic resonances in atomic and molecular spectroscopy. The differential equation for this ion oscillator model is solved numerically for a few illustrative magnetic field exposures, showing when those resonances occur with single frequency, linearly polarized fields. Our formulation makes explicit the conditions that must be present for magnetic fields to produce observable biological effects under the ion oscillator model. The ion's potential well must have symmetry sufficient to produce a degenerate excited state, e.g., octahedral or trigonal bipyramid potentials. The impulse that excites the ion must be spatially correlated with the orientation of the detector that reads off the final state of the oscillator. The orientation between the static and oscillating magnetic fields that produces resonance is a complicated function of the field magnitudes and frequency. We suggest several classes of experiments that could critically test the validity of the model presented here. Bioelectromagnetics 25:620-630, 2004. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Engstrom, S (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. EM stefan.engstrom@vanderbilt.edu NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD DEC PY 2004 VL 25 IS 8 BP 620 EP 630 DI 10.1002/bem.20028 PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 872XV UT WOS:000225243700008 PM 15515033 ER PT J AU Peterson, AT Komar, N Komar, O Navarro-Siguenza, A Robbins, MB Martinez-Meyer, E AF Peterson, AT Komar, N Komar, O Navarro-Siguenza, A Robbins, MB Martinez-Meyer, E TI West Nile virus in the New World: potential impacts on bird species SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; VECTOR COMPETENCE; AMERICAN CROWS; DNA VACCINE; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK AB The past five years have seen the arrival and extremely rapid expansion of West Nile virus (WNV) in the Western Hemisphere. The rapid sweep across North America has permitted little time for developing knowledge of the virus's potential impacts on wildlife in the New World. Given this information gap, we here summarize for the ornithological community what is known or can be anticipated for WNV's effect on bird communities in coming years. Our particular focus is on impacts of WNV on the conservation status of birds, the principal vertebrate reservoir for the virus. C1 Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. SalvaNATURA, Conservat Sci Program, San Salvador, El Salvador. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Arbovirus Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Museo Zool, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Peterson, AT (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM town@ku.edu RI Martinez-Meyer, Enrique/B-1464-2008; Peterson, A. Townsend/I-5697-2013; OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379; Martinez-Meyer, Enrique/0000-0003-1184-9264; Navarro-Siguenza, Adolfo G./0000-0003-2652-7719 NR 64 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0959-2709 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 215 EP 232 DI 10.1017/S0959270904000309 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 891HY UT WOS:000226573100001 ER PT J AU Lawrence, JM Watkins, ML Chiu, V Erickson, JD Petitti, DB AF Lawrence, JM Watkins, ML Chiu, V Erickson, JD Petitti, DB TI Food fortification with folic acid and rate of multiple births, 1994-2000 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE folic acid; multiple births; fortification ID TRENDS AB BACKGROUND: Since fortification of cereal grain products with synthetic folic acid (FA) became mandatory in January 1998, women in the United States who have become pregnant have been exposed to a higher level of FA than women who became pregnant previously. Some studies have suggested that increased FA consumption might increase the risk of multiple gestation pregnancies. METHODS: Women who had a live birth in Kaiser Foundation Health Plan hospitals from January 1, 1994 through December 31, 2000; all multiple births; and the use of ovulation-inducing drugs were ascertained from electronic databases. Medical records of a sample of women with multiple births who did not use ovulation-inducing drugs were reviewed to determine whether they used assisted reproductive technology. Exposure to FA-fortified foods was based on date of delivery. RESULTS: The rate of multiple births increased from 13.6 to 14.8 per 1000 live births from 1994 through 2000. The percentage of women who had a multiple birth and who filled a prescription for an ovulation-inducing drug in the 12 months before delivery increased from a low of 6.6% in 1994 to a high of 14.9% in 2000. After excluding women using ovulation-inducing drugs, the increased rate of multiple births was no longer observed. CONCLUSIONS: While the rates of multiple births have increased since FA fortification became mandatory, this increase can be explained by the increased use of ovulation-inducing drugs. Our findings show no relationship between food fortification with FA and the rates of multiple births in this large, managed health care population. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc(dagger). C1 Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Dept Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lawrence, JM (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Dept Res & Evaluat, 100 S Los Robles,2nd Floor, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. EM Jean.M.Lawrence@kp.org NR 13 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 BP 948 EP 952 DI 10.1002/bdra.20088 PG 5 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 884RF UT WOS:000226102900007 PM 15562514 ER PT J AU Martin, SE Grubbs, S Della Valla, J Reinhardt, JF Lilly, N Getchell, J Drees, M AF Martin, SE Grubbs, S Della Valla, J Reinhardt, JF Lilly, N Getchell, J Drees, M TI Fatal West Nile virus encephalitis following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation SO BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Letter ID TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION; RECIPIENTS; INFECTION C1 Helen F Graham Canc Ctr, Newark, DE USA. Christiana Care, Dept Med, Newark, DE USA. Delaware Publ Hlth Lab, Smyrna, DE USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Delaware Hlth & Social Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Martin, SE (reprint author), Helen F Graham Canc Ctr, Newark, DE USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0268-3369 J9 BONE MARROW TRANSPL JI Bone Marrow Transplant. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1007 EP 1008 DI 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704726 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Biophysics; Oncology; Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 871UQ UT WOS:000225159800016 PM 15489864 ER PT J AU Sample, PL Johns, N Gabella, B Langlois, J AF Sample, PL Johns, N Gabella, B Langlois, J TI Can traumatic brain injury surveillance systems be used to link individuals with TBI to services? SO BRAIN INJURY LA English DT Article AB Primary objective: This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using Colorado Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Surveillance System data to link individuals to information and services in their communities. Methods and procedures: Using a qualitative exploratory approach, the investigators conducted focus groups of individuals with TBI and family members (n=29) and individual interviews with state agency, medical and community services representatives (n = 15). Main outcomes: The results showed that the participants saw many current problems with linking persons to services and with accessing care. The participants supported using TBI surveillance data to link persons to information and services, offered suggestions, discussed confidentiality and consent issues, described possible cultural competence issues and addressed cost feasibility. Conclusions: Overall persons with TBI and their family members overwhelmingly supported using the Colorado TBI Surveillance System to link persons to services. One major concern, however, was how to link persons who were not included in the surveillance data because their TBI happened before the surveillance system was implemented or because their injury did not result in hospitalization. This concern is addressed in a Linkage Model. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sample, PL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM psample@cahs.colostate.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U17/CCU812447] NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-9052 J9 BRAIN INJURY JI Brain Inj. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1177 EP 1189 DI 10.1080/02699050410001719925 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 871BW UT WOS:000225105300001 PM 15666563 ER PT J AU Simonsen, GS Tapsall, JW Allegranzi, B Talbot, EA Lazzari, S AF Simonsen, GS Tapsall, JW Allegranzi, B Talbot, EA Lazzari, S TI The antimicrobial resistance containment and surveillance approach - a public health tool SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE drug resistance; drug resistance; microbial; anti-infective agents/supply and distribution/pharmacology; prescriptions; drug; patient compliance; legislation; drug; communicable diseases/diagnosis; practice guidelines ID PROGRAM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATHOGENS; PATTERNS; TRENDS AB Antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR) is widely recognized as a global public health threat because it endangers the effectiveness of treatment of infectious diseases. In 2001 WHO issued the Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance, but it has proved difficult to translate the recommendations of the Global Strategy into effective public health actions. The purpose of the Antimicrobial Resistance Containment and Surveillance (ARCS) approach is to facilitate the formulation of public health programmes and the mobilization of human and financial resources for the containment of AMR. The ARCS approach highlights the fundamental link between rational drug use and containment of AMR. Clinical management of human and animal infections should be improved through better disease control and prevention, high quality diagnostic testing, appropriate treatment regimens and consumer health education. At the same time, systems for supplying antimicrobial drugs should include appropriate regulations, lists of essential drugs, and functional mechanisms for the approval and delivery of drugs. Containment of AMR is defined in the ARCS approach as the continuous application of this package of core interventions. Surveillance of the extent and trends of antimicrobial resistance as well as the supply, selection and use of antimicrobial drugs should be established to monitor the process and outcome of containment of AMR. The ARCS approach is represented in the ARCS diagram (Fig. 2) which provides a simplified, but comprehensive illustration of the complex problem of containment and monitoring of AMR. C1 Univ Hosp N Norway, Dept Microbiol, NORM, N-9038 Tromso, Norway. Prince Wales Hosp, WHO, Collaborating Ctr STD & HIV, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Verona, Dept Infect Dis, I-37100 Verona, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. CSR, Lyon, France. RP Simonsen, GS (reprint author), Univ Hosp N Norway, Dept Microbiol, NORM, N-9038 Tromso, Norway. EM gunnar.skov.simonsen@unn.no NR 21 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 82 IS 12 BP 928 EP 934 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 883FN UT WOS:000225996200008 PM 15654407 ER PT J AU McDavid, K Schymura, MJ Armstrong, L Santilli, L Schmidt, B Byers, T Steele, CB O'Connor, L Schlag, NC Roshala, W Darcy, D Matanoski, G Shen, TF Bolick-Aldrich, S AF McDavid, K Schymura, MJ Armstrong, L Santilli, L Schmidt, B Byers, T Steele, CB O'Connor, L Schlag, NC Roshala, W Darcy, D Matanoski, G Shen, TF Bolick-Aldrich, S CA Breast, colon and Prostate Cancer TI Rationale and design of the National Program of Cancer Registries' breast, colon, and prostate cancer patterns of care study SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; cancer treatment; colon cancer; prostate cancer ID DATA-BASE REPORT; UNITED-STATES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; RADIATION-THERAPY; SURVIVAL; RACE; AGE; CARCINOMA; OUTCOMES; AMERICAN AB Background: Investigators from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), are collaborating with public health professionals from seven states and the District of Columbia to conduct the Patterns of Care study to assess the quality of cancer data and to determine whether stage-specific treatments are being carried out. Methods: To assess the quality and completeness of cancer care data in the United States, trained staff from the Patterns of Care study are abstracting medical records to obtain detailed clinical data on treatment, tumor characteristics, stage at diagnosis, and demographics of representative samples of patients diagnosed with breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Altogether staff from each of the eight participating cancer registries will abstract 500 cases of breast, prostate, and colon/rectum/anus cancer for the CONCORD study and an additional 150 cases of localized breast cancer, 100 cases of stage III colon cancer, and 100 cases of localized prostate cancer for the Patterns of Care study. Chi-square tests will be used to compare routine registry data with re-abstracted data. The investigators will use logistic regression techniques to describe the characteristics of patients with localized breast and prostate cancer and stage III colon cancer. Age, race, sex, type of insurance, and comorbidity will be examined as predictors of the use of those treatments that are consistent with consensus guidelines. The investigators plan to use data from the CONCORD study to determine whether treatment factors are the reason for the reported differences between relative survival rates in the United States and Europe. Conclusions: Results from the methodology used in the Patterns of Care study will provide, for the first time, detailed information about the quality and completeness of stage and treatment data that are routinely collected by states participating in the NPCR. It will add significantly to our understanding of factors that determine receipt of treatment in compliance with established guidelines. As part of the CONCORD study, it will also examine differences in survival among cancer patients with breast, prostate, and colon/rectum/anus cancers in the United States and Europe. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Canc Surveillance Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, NCHSTP,DHAP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, New York State Canc Registry, Albany, NY USA. NCHSTP, DTBE, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, New York State Canc Registry, Lab Response Network, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Louisiana Tumor Registry, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Cent Canc Registry, Denver, CO USA. Calif Canc Registry, Sacramento, CA USA. Hosp Assoc Rhode Isl, Rhode Isl Canc Registry, Providence, RI USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Dist Columbia Canc Registry, Baltimore, MD USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Illinois State Canc Registry, Div Epidemiol Studies, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, S Carolina Canc Registry, S Carolina Cent Canc Registry, Publ Hlth Stat & Informat Serv, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. RP McDavid, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Canc Surveillance Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, NCHSTP,DHAP, Mailstop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kzm2@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2004 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1057 EP 1066 DI 10.1007/s10552-004-1555-5 PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 891LR UT WOS:000226583100008 PM 15801489 ER PT J AU McDonald, JA Mandel, MG Marchbanks, PA Folger, SG Daling, JR Ursin, G Simon, MS Bernstein, L Strom, BL Norman, SA Malone, KE Weiss, LK Burkman, RT Weber, AL Spirtas, R AF McDonald, JA Mandel, MG Marchbanks, PA Folger, SG Daling, JR Ursin, G Simon, MS Bernstein, L Strom, BL Norman, SA Malone, KE Weiss, LK Burkman, RT Weber, AL Spirtas, R TI Alcohol exposure and breast cancer: Results of the women's contraceptive and reproductive experiences study SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ESTROGEN-PROGESTIN-REPLACEMENT; RECEPTOR STATUS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; COLLABORATIVE REANALYSIS; BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION; INDIVIDUAL DATA; RISK-FACTORS; COHORT; HEALTH AB Objectives: To explore associated biological outcomes and clarify the role of timing of exposure in the alcohol-breast cancer relationship. Methods: In a population-based study of 4,575 women ages 35 to 64 years diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1994 and 1998 and 4,682 controls, we collected details of lifetime alcohol use and factors that could confound or modify the alcohol-breast cancer relationship. We used conditional logistic regression to compute the odds of breast cancer among drinkers relative to nondrinkers at all ages and at ages 35 to 49 and 50 to 64 years separately. Results: Recent consumption (at reference age minus two) of greater than or equal to7 drinks per week was associated with increased risk [odds ratio (OR), 1.2; 95% CI, 1.01-1.3] and evidence of dose response was observed. Most of the excess was observed among women ages 50-64 years (OR 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6), although the test for age interaction was not statistically significant. Exposure later in life seemed more important than early exposure. Excess breast cancer associated with recent consumption was restricted to localized disease. When outcome was examined according to tumor hormone receptor status, highest risks were observed for estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-negative tumors (OR 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.3). Conclusions: The effect of timing of alcohol exposure on breast cancer risk is complicated and will require additional study focused on this one issue. Further work is needed to explain how alcohol exposure, sex hormones, and tumor receptor status interact. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Oslo, Inst Nutr Res, Oslo, Norway. Wayne State Univ, Div Epidemiol, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Bay State Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Populat Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP McDonald, JA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ezm5@cdc.gov NR 77 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 13 IS 12 BP 2106 EP 2116 PG 11 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 884IC UT WOS:000226077100019 PM 15598768 ER PT J AU Ruffin, MT Bailey, JM Normolle, DP Michael, CW Bieniasz, ME Kmak, DC Unger, ER Brenner, DE AF Ruffin, MT Bailey, JM Normolle, DP Michael, CW Bieniasz, ME Kmak, DC Unger, ER Brenner, DE TI Low-dose topical delivery of all-trans retinoic acid for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II and III SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID COLLAGEN SPONGE; CARCINOMA CELLS; FOLIC-ACID; TRIAL; DYSPLASIA; EFFICACY; CAP; CHEMOPREVENTION; CANCER; LEVEL AB Objective: The objective of this study was to determine an effective dose for all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) delivered with a cervical cap and sponge for 4 days to women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II/III. Methods: Study participants made up of 175 women with biopsy-proven CIN II/III were randomized to four consecutive days of atRA at one of three doses (0.16%, 0.28%, and 0.36%) or placebo. All subjects underwent a repeat colposcopy evaluation and biopsy of the cervix at 12 weeks. Results: The study participants mean ages were 27.6 years. The racial distribution was 63% Caucasian, 27% African American, and 8% other. Among participants, 93% were human papillomavirus-positive at baseline with 68% positive for high-risk types. The disease response at 12 weeks to atRA or placebo was not significantly different (P = 0.49) among the four dose groups. Participants with CIN II at baseline were more likely to be free of disease at 12 weeks than participants with CIN III at baseline (P = 0.003). There were no reported systemic adverse events related to drug or placebo exposure and only mild local self-reported and clinician-detected toxicities. Conclusion: Lower concentrations of atRA applied with a cervical cap for 4 days were no more effective than placebo. However, the rate of histologic regression in biopsied CIN II/III patients was high even over a short time interval, and emphasizes the importance of having a placebo arm and an adequate sample size. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Family Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Radiat Oncol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med Hematol Oncol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ruffin, MT (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Family Med, 1018 Fuller St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mruffin@umich.edu OI Normolle, Daniel/0000-0001-8675-5014; Ruffin, Mack/0000-0001-8336-478X; Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CN-0101-01, CA80846, CA74648, CA68291]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR0000042] NR 17 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 13 IS 12 BP 2148 EP 2152 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 884IC UT WOS:000226077100024 PM 15598773 ER PT J AU Scholl, PF AF Scholl, PF TI Development of a quantitative LC-MS method for the analysis of aflatoxin B1 serum albumin adducts. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM pscholl@jhsph.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 MA 34 BP 1764 EP 1764 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 881XK UT WOS:000225902600060 ER PT J AU Li, JH Burzynski, JN Lee, YA Berg, D Driver, CR Ridzon, R Musiff, SS AF Li, JH Burzynski, JN Lee, YA Berg, D Driver, CR Ridzon, R Musiff, SS TI Use of therapeutic drug monitoring for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE drug monitoring; multidrug-resistant tuberculosis ID FASTING CONDITIONS; PHARMACOKINETICS; REGIMENS; ANTACIDS; RIFAMPIN; OUTCOMES; ISSUES; FOOD AB Study objectives: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the process of obtaining the serum concentration of a medication and modifying the dose based on the results. Little is known about the application of TDM in the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) in clinical practice. This study characterized how TDM was applied in the management of MDR TB patients, and examined the clinical indications for ordering TDM, the process for obtaining drug concentrations, and the clinician response to the drug concentrations. Design: In a retrospective study, we compared the clinical and demographic characteristics of MDR TB patients who received TDM with those who did not. The clinical application of TDM also was described in patients who received TDM. Setting: A municipal TB control program. Patients or participants: Patients in whom TB was diagnosed that was caused by an isolate resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, and who received treatment for TB in one of the health department chest clinics between July 1, 1993, and August 31, 1997, were studied. Results: Forty-nine patients receiving TDM had a longer time to culture conversion and treatment duration, more pulmonary TB in combination with an extrapulmonary site, drug resistance, and visits to the health department clinics (p < 0.05) than the 60 patients without TDM. Of the 49 patients who had initial TDM, 73.5% of them had the reason for being tested specified. A total of 85.7% of initial TDM results were collected at the appropriate time of blood sampling. Clinician response to TDM results varied with the drug that was being tested. Conclusions: The use of TDM depended largely on the patient's clinical presentation. Site-specific guidelines on the use of TDM for managing TB patients may maximize the benefit of TDM. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, New York, NY 10007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Li, JH (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, 225 Broadway,22nd Floor, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM jlil@health.nyc.gov NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD DEC PY 2004 VL 126 IS 6 BP 1770 EP 1776 DI 10.1378/chest.126.6.1770 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 879YI UT WOS:000225754900014 PM 15596672 ER PT J AU LoBue, PA Moser, KS AF LoBue, PA Moser, KS TI Screening of immigrants and refugees for pulmonary tuberculosis in San Diego County, California SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE immigrant; regugee; screening tuberculosis ID FOREIGN-BORN AB Study objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of a tuberculosis (TB) screening program for recent immigrants to San Diego County, CA, and to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of pulmonary TB cases occurring in recently arrived foreign-born persons detected through this screening with those of similar cases found through routine surveillance. Design: Retrospective review of computer databases and medical records. Setting: Local public health department. Patients: Recent immigrants and refugees classified as TB Suspects in their country of departure and foreign-born patients with active TB detected through routine surveillance. Results: Five hundred seventy-one of 658 immigrants and refugees (87%) of completed screening Thirty-nine subjects (7%) were found to have active TB, and 433 subjects (76%) were found to have latent TB. A diagnosis of active TB was associated with age of 25 to 44 years (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 11.6) and A (odds ratio, 25.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 512.2) or B1 classifications (odds ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 12.5). Cases detected through screening comprised 12% of all reported foreign-born persons with active TB. Compared to other recently arrived foreign-born persons with active TB, those detected through immigrant screening were more likely to be Asian and born in the Philippines and less likely to have advanced disease. Conclusions: Most immigrants and refugees classified as TB suspects by foreign screening completed the US screening process, which had a high yield for detecting active and latent TB. Only a minority of foreign-born persons (12%) with active TB were discovered through this program, however, and additional measures are needed to facilitate early case finding in other foreign-born populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Field Serv & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Field Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, TB Control Program, San Diego, CA USA. RP LoBue, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Field Serv & Evaluat Branch, Mail Stop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pgl5@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U52/CCU 900452-20] NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD DEC PY 2004 VL 126 IS 6 BP 1777 EP 1782 DI 10.1378/chest.126.6.1777 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 879YI UT WOS:000225754900015 PM 15596673 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Ford, ES Balluz, L Chapman, DP Mokdad, AH AF Strine, TW Ford, ES Balluz, L Chapman, DP Mokdad, AH TI Risk behaviors and health-related quality of life among adults with asthma - The role of mental health status SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE asthma; depressive symptoms; health behavior; quality of life ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; MEDICAL RECORDS; SEVERITY; OUTCOMES; ANXIETY AB Background: Previous research indicates that asthma is strongly associated with depressive disorders. Depression among persons with asthma is associated with poor adherence to medication regimens, more severe asthma, and poorer disease outcomes. The objective of our study was to examine the association of frequent mental distress (FMD) [ie, greater than or equal to 14 days in the past 30 days in which respondents reported that their mental health was not good] with modifiable risk behaviours (ie, smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity) and health-related quality of life among adults with asthma. Methods: The Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System is an ongoing, state-based survey that is conducted by random-digit dialing of noninstitutionalized US adults aged greater than or equal to 18 years. In 2001, all 50 states administered the asthma and risk behaviour questionnaires (15,080 questionnaires). A total of 12 states administered the health-related quality-of-life questionnaire (3,226 questionnaires). We estimated prevalences, 95% confidence intervals, odds ratios, and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) using a statistical software program to account for the complex survey design. Results: The prevalence of FMD among adults with asthma was 18.8%. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, the overall associations between smoking and FMD (AOR, 1.9), and between physical inactivity and FMD (AOR, 1.7) were statistically significant. In addition, among those with asthma, persons with FMD were significantly more likely than those without FMD to report fair/poor general health, frequent physical distress, frequent activity limitations, frequent anxiety, and frequent sleeplessness. Conclusions: FMD is highly prevalent among persons with asthma, suggesting an apparent synergistic effect of these two conditions. The assessment of the mental health status of persons with asthma by health-care providers appears to be warranted and may prevent the emergence of risk behaviours yielding deleterious effects on the management of this disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tw2@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD DEC PY 2004 VL 126 IS 6 BP 1849 EP 1854 DI 10.1378/chest.126.6.1849 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 879YI UT WOS:000225754900025 PM 15596683 ER PT J AU Fazili, Z Pfeiffer, CM AF Fazili, Z Pfeiffer, CM TI Measurement of Folates in serum and conventionally prepared whole blood lysates: Application of an automated 96-well plate isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry method SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMMON MUTATION; REDUCTASE GENE; HOMOCYSTEINE; EXTRACTION; PROTOCOL; DISEASE; ASSAY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CPfeiffer@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 12 BP 2378 EP 2381 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2004.036541 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 874NI UT WOS:000225356700022 PM 15459090 ER PT J AU Kimberly, MM Caudill, SP Vesper, HW Ethridge, SF Archibold, E Porter, KH Myers, GL AF Kimberly, MM Caudill, SP Vesper, HW Ethridge, SF Archibold, E Porter, KH Myers, GL TI Within-person, among-finger variability of capillary blood glucose measurements SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Clin Chem Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Int Med Press, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kimberly, MM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Clin Chem Branch, Mailstop F25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mkimberly@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 12 BP 2389 EP 2391 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2004.038208 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 874NI UT WOS:000225356700026 PM 15563490 ER PT J AU Lee, GM Lett, S Schauer, S LeBaron, C Murphy, TV Rusinak, D Lieu, TA AF Lee, GM Lett, S Schauer, S LeBaron, C Murphy, TV Rusinak, D Lieu, TA CA Massachusetts Pertussis Study Grp TI Societal costs and morbidity of pertussis in adolescents and adults SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; FREQUENT CAUSE; YOUNG INFANTS; COUGH; POPULATION; DEATHS; MASSACHUSETTS; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION AB Background. Since the 1980s, the reported incidence of pertussis among adolescents and adults has been steadily increasing. To understand whether the benefits of an acellular pertussis vaccine formulated for adolescents and adults might offset its costs, policy makers will need information about morbidity and societal ( medical and nonmedical) costs of pertussis. Methods. Adolescents ( age, 10 - 17 years) and adults ( age, greater than or equal to 18 years) with confirmed pertussis illness were identified by the Massachusetts enhanced pertussis surveillance system. We evaluated medical costs in a cohort of patients who had confirmed pertussis during the period of January 1998 through December 2000; nonmedical costs, by means of prospective interviews, in a cohort of patients who had confirmed pertussis during the period of December 2001 through January 2003; and morbidity in both cohorts. Our main outcome measures were mean costs per case, in 2002 US$. Results. In the analysis of medical costs, 1679 adolescents and 936 adults were found to have mean costs of $ 242 and $ 326, respectively (). In interviews with 314 adolescents and 203 adults, adults had significantly P < .05 higher nonmedical costs ($ 447) than those of adolescents ($ 155). A total of 83% of adolescents missed a mean of 5.5 days from school ( range, 0.4 - 32 days), and 61% of adults missed a mean of 9.8 days from work ( range, 0.1-180 days) because of pertussis. Thirty-eight percent of adolescents and 61% of adults were still coughing at the time of the interview, which occurred an average of 106 days and 94 days, respectively, after cough onset. Conclusions. Pertussis causes significant morbidity in and costs for adolescents and adults, with time losses comprising the largest proportion of the cost. Societal costs should be considered when making decisions about potential vaccine use in the future. C1 Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lee, GM (reprint author), Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Fl, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM grace_lee@hphc.org FU AHRQ HHS [T32 HS00063] NR 43 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1572 EP 1580 DI 10.1086/425006 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JI UT WOS:000227492100002 PM 15578353 ER PT J AU Causer, LM Filler, S Wilson, M Papagiotas, S Newman, RD AF Causer, LM Filler, S Wilson, M Papagiotas, S Newman, RD TI Evaluation of reported malaria chemoprophylactic failure among travelers in a US university exchange program, 2002 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Meeting of the American-Society-for-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 03-07, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med Hygiene ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; ATOVAQUONE-PROGUANIL; IFA TEST; PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIGEN AB Background. Travelers to malarious areas are at risk of acquiring malaria; however, with chemoprophylaxis and prompt, effective therapy, serious complications of infection are generally preventable. In June 2002, we investigated a report of a cluster of malaria cases among US university staff and students who visited Ghana and were reportedly adherent to appropriate malaria chemoprophylaxis. Methods. We administered a questionnaire to all participants and collected blood specimens for malaria serological examinations from those reporting malaria infection diagnosed by blood smear in Ghana. Results. Of the 33 participants, 25 completed the questionnaire. Twenty-four took a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - recommended chemoprophylactic drug; 14 ( 56%) of 25 reported complete adherence to therapy. Twenty (80%) of 25 subjects reported symptoms consistent with possible malaria. Six of these persons reported a microscopic diagnosis of malaria and were treated in Ghana. Serological examination for malaria was performed using blood samples obtained from 5 of these participants; the results for all were negative, suggesting that incorrect diagnoses of malaria were made. Conclusions. Misdiagnosis of malaria made while a person is abroad may not only lead to erroneous reports of drug resistance, but it could also result in unnecessary administration of antimalarial treatment. Health care providers and public health authorities must critically evaluate reports of chemoprophylactic failures and disseminate accurate information to travelers. C1 CDCP, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Causer, LM (reprint author), CDCP, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lsc6@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1583 EP 1588 DI 10.1086/425311 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JI UT WOS:000227492100004 PM 15578355 ER PT J AU Danovaro-Holliday, MC Gordon, ER Jumaan, AO Woernle, C Judy, RH Schmid, DS Seward, JF AF Danovaro-Holliday, MC Gordon, ER Jumaan, AO Woernle, C Judy, RH Schmid, DS Seward, JF TI High rate of varicella complications among Mexican-born adults in Alabama SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; HERPES-ZOSTER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; VACCINE; HOSPITALIZATIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATION; RECRUITS AB Objective. Our study examines risk factors for severe varicella in an outbreak among Mexican-born adults, and it compares susceptibility to infection and reliability of self-reported varicella history for these individuals with that for adults born in the United States in the outbreak locale, which may guide vaccination strategies. Methods. We interviewed case patients and non-case persons in the affected apartment complex and workplace, assessed disease history and susceptibility by testing for varicella-zoster virus immunoglobulin G antibodies, and reviewed the clinical data of case patients. Results. Five of 18 case patients had serious complications for which they sought medical care; 1 was hospitalized for pneumonia, and 1 was hospitalized for Guillain-Barre syndrome. Only intense exposure ( e. g., sharing a bed) was marginally associated with severe disease (). In the workplace, varicella susceptibility Pp. 08 was higher among Mexican-born workers (20%) than among workers born in the United States (3%) ( adjusted prevalence odds ratio, 5.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.3-14.8). Mexican-born persons had the highest positive predictive value of self-reported disease ( 100%) in predicting immunity, and those born in the United States had the lowest negative predictive value of self-reported history (10%) in predicting susceptibility. Conclusions. Varicella is a more serious disease among adults than among children, and Mexican-born adults living in the United States might have a higher risk of acquiring varicella than US-born adults. Varicella outbreaks involving adults should be prioritized for control efforts. Outbreaks can be prevented by vaccinating susceptible adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Brundidge Med, Brundidge, AL USA. Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Montgomery, AL 36102 USA. RP Danovaro-Holliday, MC (reprint author), Pan Amer Hlth Org, Immunizat Unit, Washington, DC USA. EM danovarc@paho.org NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1633 EP 1639 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JI UT WOS:000227492100012 PM 15578363 ER PT J AU Jackson, ML Neuzil, KM Thompson, WW Shay, DK Yu, O Hanson, CA Jackson, LA AF Jackson, ML Neuzil, KM Thompson, WW Shay, DK Yu, O Hanson, CA Jackson, LA TI The burden of community-acquired pneumonia in seniors: Results of a population-based study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; INFLUENZA EPIDEMICS; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; HOSPITALIZATIONS; MORBIDITY; VACCINE; ADULTS AB Background. Pneumonia is recognized as a leading cause of morbidity in seniors. However, the overall burden of this disease - and, in particular, the contribution of ambulatory cases to that burden - is not well defined. To estimate rates of community-acquired pneumonia and to identify risk factors for this disease, we conducted a large, population-based cohort study of persons aged greater than or equal to 65 years that included both hospitalizations and outpatient visits for pneumonia. Methods. The study population consisted of 46,237 seniors enrolled at Group Health Cooperative who were observed over a 3- year period. Pneumonia episodes presumptively identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes assigned to medical encounters were validated by medical record review. Characteristics of participants were defined by administrative data sources. Results. The overall rate of community-acquired pneumonia ranged from 18.2 cases per 1000 person-years among persons aged 65 - 69 years to 52.3 cases per 1000 person-years among those aged greater than or equal to 85 years. In this population, 59.3% of all pneumonia episodes were treated on an outpatient basis. In multivariate analysis, risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia included age, male sex, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and smoking. Conclusions. On the basis of these data, we estimate that roughly 915,900 cases of community-acquired pneumonia occur annually among seniors in the United States and that similar to 1 of every 20 persons aged greater than or equal to 85 years will have a new episode of community-acquired pneumonia each year. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Puget Sound Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jackson, LA (reprint author), 1730 Minor Ave,Ste 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM jackson.ml@ghc.org OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 25 TC 210 Z9 216 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1642 EP 1650 DI 10.1086/425615 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JI UT WOS:000227492100014 PM 15578365 ER PT J AU Vellozzi, C Averhoff, F Lane, JM Wen, XJ Moore, AC Santibanez, S Kroger, A Hasbrouck, LM Kennedy, A Casey, CG AF Vellozzi, C Averhoff, F Lane, JM Wen, XJ Moore, AC Santibanez, S Kroger, A Hasbrouck, LM Kennedy, A Casey, CG TI Superinfection following smallpox vaccination (vaccinia), United States: Surveillance January 2003 through January 2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMPLICATIONS; RESPONSES AB Background. Superinfection is an adverse event following smallpox vaccination. The clinical presentation is similar to that of a large normal vaccine reaction or "robust take," and the frequency is unknown. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed all reported severe local reactions consistent with superinfection among United States civilian smallpox vaccinees from January 2003 through January 2004. We applied a standard case definition and estimated the frequency of superinfection following smallpox vaccination. Results. We identified 48 reported cases for further review among 36,043 smallpox vaccinees. Two (4%) of the 48 reported cases met the case definition for superinfection; neither of the patients had a pathogenic organism isolated from their infection site. Both were treated with antibiotics and resolved their infection. Of the 46 cases determined not to be superinfection, 41 (89%) were temporally consistent with a large normal vaccine reaction. Thirty (75%) of 40 reported case patients for whom data were available received antibiotic therapy. Conclusions. Superinfection following smallpox vaccination is rare. Most of the reported superinfection cases were probably large normal smallpox vaccine reactions. Educating providers about the normal response to smallpox vaccine may decrease the overdiagnosis of superinfection and the unnecessary use of antimicrobials. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Smallpox Eradicat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lockheed Martin, Atlanta, GA USA. Logist Hlth, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Vellozzi, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bno1@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1660 EP 1666 DI 10.1086/425617 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JI UT WOS:000227492100017 PM 15578368 ER PT J AU Holmberg, SD Palella, FJ Lichtenstein, KA Havlir, DV AF Holmberg, SD Palella, FJ Lichtenstein, KA Havlir, DV TI The case for earlier treatment of HIV infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CD4 CELL COUNT; SOCIETY-USA PANEL; UPDATED RECOMMENDATIONS; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; VIRAL LOAD; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; DISEASE PROGRESSION AB Current US guidelines advise that antiretroviral therapy for asymptomatic HIV patients should definitely be started for those who have CD4(+) cell counts of 1200 cells/muL, but antiretroviral therapy is often not started at CD4+ cell counts much above that level. Guidelines advocating later therapy for HIV infection have been based mainly on sparse and limited cross-sectional data and have been predicated on avoiding drug-related toxicity and viral drug resistance. However, emerging data about factors that contribute to survival and the availability of newer, less toxic drugs are eroding this position. Earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy-namely, for patients with CD4+ cell counts of 1350 cells/muL-may, in fact, be associated with lower mortality, better immune improvement, and less drug-related toxicity. These findings coincide with the introduction of antiretroviral drugs that have become more effective and less difficult to take. Earlier initiation of therapy may also reduce HIV transmission, an important public health consideration, and may be beneficial in terms of overall therapeutic cost-effectiveness. Given these accumulating data, we believe reconsideration of the "when-to-start" question is timely and justified. C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Rose Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Holmberg, SD (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sdh1@cdc.gov NR 69 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1699 EP 1704 DI 10.1086/425743 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JI UT WOS:000227492100023 PM 15578373 ER PT J AU Mandell, LA Bartlett, JG Dowell, SF File, TM Musher, DM Whitney, C AF Mandell, LA Bartlett, JG Dowell, SF File, TM Musher, DM Whitney, C TI Legionnaires disease and the updated IDSA guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID AZITHROMYCIN; LEGIONELLA C1 McMaster Univ, Henderson Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NE Ohio Univ, Coll Med, Summa Hlth Syst, Akron, OH USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Mandell, LA (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Henderson Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, 711 Concess St, Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada. EM lmandell@mcmaster.ca NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1737 EP 1738 DI 10.1086/425932 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JI UT WOS:000227492100037 ER PT J AU Rudan, I Skaric-Juric, T Smolej-Narancic, N Janicijevic, B Rudan, D Klaric, IM Barac, L Pericic, M Galic, R Lethbridge-Cejku, M Rudan, P AF Rudan, I Skaric-Juric, T Smolej-Narancic, N Janicijevic, B Rudan, D Klaric, IM Barac, L Pericic, M Galic, R Lethbridge-Cejku, M Rudan, P TI Inbreeding and susceptibility to osteoporosis in Croatian island isolates SO COLLEGIUM ANTROPOLOGICUM LA English DT Article DE inbreeding; cortical index; osteoporosis; isolate populations; Croatia ID MODEL-FREE APPROACH; MAJOR GENE-CONTROL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; METACARPAL BONES; MIDDLE DALMATIA; MORPHOMETRIC DIMENSIONS; VILLAGE POPULATIONS; STR POLYMORPHISMS; DISTANCE MEASURES; ADRIATIC ISLANDS AB The aim of this study was to investigate a recessive genetic component in susceptibility to osteoporosis (OP) by comparing its prevalence in isolated villages of three Croatian islands: Brac, Hvar and Korcula with different levels of inbreeding. A random sample of 20-30% adults from 14 villages was obtained, including a total of 1,389 examinees. The average inbreeding coefficient (F) of examinees from each village population was estimated using Wright's path method (based on genealogical information). The morphometry of the metacarpal bones was performed on hand-wrist radiographs of both hands in all examinees. OP was defined as values of cortical index smaller than 2 standard deviations based on distribution of values in examinees of the same sex under 45 years of age. Mean values of cortical index (CI) and prevalence of OP (both standardized by age and weighted for the sample size) in each village were correlated to the mean inbreeding coefficient (F). The coefficient of correlation (r) between F values and CI was -0.28 in males (p=0.08) and -0.42 in females (p=0.005), and between F and OP prevalence 0.32 in males (p<0.001) and 0.43 in females (p<0.001). These results indicate a trend of increased susceptibility to osteoporosis with increasing level of inbreeding in isolated communities of Croatian islands. C1 Inst Anthropol Res, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Andrija Stampar Sch Publ Hlth, Zagreb 41001, Croatia. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Zagreb, Gen Hosp Sveti Duh, Zagreb, Croatia. Univ JJ Strossmayer, Sch Med, Dept Stat, Osijek, Croatia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Rudan, I (reprint author), Inst Anthropol Res, Amruseva 8, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RI Skaric-Juric, Tatjana/H-5997-2011; Rudan, Igor/I-1467-2012 OI Rudan, Igor/0000-0001-6993-6884 NR 80 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLLEGIUM ANTROPOLOGICUM PI ZAGREB PA INST ANTHROPOLOGICAL RES, P O BOX 290, ULICA GRADA VUKOVARA 72/IV, 10000 ZAGREB, CROATIA SN 0350-6134 J9 COLLEGIUM ANTROPOL JI Coll. Anthropol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 28 IS 2 BP 585 EP 601 PG 17 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 886RU UT WOS:000226246900008 PM 15666589 ER PT J AU Warren, DK Hill, HA Merz, LR Kollef, MH Hayden, MK Fraser, VJ Fridkin, SK AF Warren, DK Hill, HA Merz, LR Kollef, MH Hayden, MK Fraser, VJ Fridkin, SK TI Cycling empirical antimicrobial agents to prevent emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria among intensive care unit patients SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial resistance; intensive care unit; antimicrobial cycling; Gram-negative bacteria ID VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; RISK-FACTORS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; OUTBREAK; IMPACT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; MORTALITY AB Objective. To determine the impact of the rotation of antimicrobial agents on the rates of infection, intestinal colonization, and acquisition with antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Design: Pre- and postintervention design. Setting. A 19-bed, medical intensive care unit. Patients: Individuals admitted to the study unit for >48 hrs. Interventions. After a 5-month baseline observation period, four classes of antimicrobial agents with Gram-negative activity were cycled at 3- to 4-month intervals for 24 months. Measurements and Main Results. The primary outcome was the acquisition rate of antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from rectal swab cultures performed on admission, weekly during the patients' stay, and at discharge. Rates and microbiology of nosocomial bloodstream infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia were also compared between baseline and cycling periods. The cycling program resulted in a significant change in prescribing practices; the predominant agent used changed with each cycle. Among study patients who were not already colonized with a resistant organism, the rate of acquisition of enteric colonization with bacteria resistant to any of the target drugs remained stable during the cycling period for P. aeruginosa (relative rate, 0.96; 95% confidence Interval, 0.47-2.16) and Enterobacteriaceae (relative rate, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-3.43). Hospital-wide, P. aeruginosa from routine clinical cultures resistant to the target drugs increased during the cycling period. The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from cases of nosocomial bloodstream infection (29% baseline vs. 26% cycling; p = .11) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (80% vs. 41%; p = .06) did not significantly differ. Conclusions. In this study, antimicrobial cycling did not result in a significant change in enteric acquisition of resistant Gram-negative bacteria among intensive care unit patients. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Warren, DK (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Campus Box 8051,660 S Euclid Ave Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM dwarren@im.wustl.edu OI Warren, David/0000-0001-8679-8241 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI050585-01A1]; ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU715087-03-CDC, U50/CCU717925-CDC] NR 24 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2450 EP 2456 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000147685.79487.28 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 881NG UT WOS:000225873600013 PM 15599150 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Cadwell, BL Cheng, YJ Cowie, CC Williams, DE Geiss, L Engelgau, MM Vinicor, F AF Gregg, EW Cadwell, BL Cheng, YJ Cowie, CC Williams, DE Geiss, L Engelgau, MM Vinicor, F TI Trends in the prevalence and ratio of diagnosed to undiagnosed diabetes according to obesity levels in the U.S SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; US ADULTS; COFFEE CONSUMPTION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; MALE PHYSICIANS; RISK-FACTOR; MELLITUS; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE - To examine trends in the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and the proportion of total cases previously diagnosed, according to obesity status in the U.S. over the past 40 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We assembled data from five consecutive cross-sectional national surveys: National Health Examination Survey I (1960-1962), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I (1971-1974), NHANES II (1976-1980), NHANES III (1988-1994), and NHANES 1999-2000. Diagnosed diabetes was ascertained, and height and weight were measured in adults aged 20-74 years in all surveys. In NHANES II, NHANES III, and NHANES 1999-2000, a fasting glucose level greater than or equal to126 mg/dl was used to identify cases among individuals not reporting diabetes. Design-based analyses and Bayesian models estimate the probability that prevalence of diabetes increased within four BMI groups (<25, 25-29, 30-34, and greater than or equal to35 kg/m(2)). RESULTS - In the U.S. population aged 20-74 years between 1976-1980 and 1999-2000,, significant increases in the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes (3.3-5.8%, probability >99.9%) were accompanied by nonsignificant increases in undiagnosed diabetes (2.0-2.4%, 66.6%). This resulted in an increase in total diabetes (5.3 8.2%, >99.9%) and a modest nonsignificant increase in the proportion of cases that were diagnosed (62-70%, 62.4%). However, these trends varied considerably by BMI level. In individuals with BMI greater than or equal to35 kg/m(2), diagnosed diabetes increased markedly (from 4.9% in 1960, to 8.6% during 1976-1980, to 15.1% in 1999-2000; probability >99.9%), whereas undiagnosed diabetes declined considerably (12.5% during 1976-1980 to 3.2% in 1999-2000, probability of increase 4.5%) Therefore, the proportion of total diabetes cases that were diagnosed increased from 41 to 83% (probability 99.9%) among individuals with BMI greater than or equal to35 kg/m(2). By comparison, changes in prevalence within BMI strata <35 kg/m(2) were modest and there was no increase in the percent of total cases that were diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS - National surveys over the last several decades have found large increases in diagnosed diabetes, particularly in overweight and obese individuals, but this has been accompanied by large decreases in undiagnosed diabetes only among individuals with BMI greater than or equal to35 kg/m(2). This suggests that improvements in diabetes awareness and detection are most prominent among this subgroup. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Northrop Grumman, Div Informat Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM edg7@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 190 Z9 199 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2806 EP 2812 DI 10.2337/diacare.27.12.2806 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 874DU UT WOS:000225331900006 PM 15562189 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mannino, DM AF Ford, ES Mannino, DM TI Prospective association between lung function and the incidence of diabetes - Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; COHORT; RISK; INFLAMMATION; MELLITUS; MARKERS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PREDICTOR; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE - To determine whether impaired pulmonary function is a significant predictor of the incidence of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study, a cohort study of a representative sample of U.S. adults, we examined the prospective associations between pulmonary function and incidence of diabetes. Our analyses included 4,830 U.S. men and women aged 25-74 years who had a baseline interview and examination (including spirometry) from 1971 through 1975 and were followed through 1992-1993. Incident diabetes (n = 443) was based on self- or proxy reports, hospitalization, or death certificates. RESULTS - After multiple adjustment, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), percentage of predicted FEV1, and percentage of predicted FVC were significantly and inversely associated with the incidence of diabetes, but the ratio of FEV1 to FVC was not. Obstructive lung disease (defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease classification) was not significantly associated with the incidence of diabetes, but restrictive lung disease was (hazard ratio = 1.45, 95% CI 1.04-2.03). The association did not differ significantly by smoking status. CONCLUSIONS - Although several prospective studies have found that impaired pulmonary function may increase the risk for developing diabetes, additional research is needed to better understand these relationships and their possible implications. C1 CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 21 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2966 EP 2970 DI 10.2337/diacare.27.12.2966 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 874DU UT WOS:000225331900032 PM 15562215 ER PT J AU Ferrara, A Williamson, DF Karter, AJ Thompson, TJ Kim, C AF Ferrara, A Williamson, DF Karter, AJ Thompson, TJ Kim, C CA TRIAD Study Grp TI Sex differences in quality of health care related to ischemic heart disease prevention in patients with diabetes - The Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study, 2000-2001 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; MORTALITY; MELLITUS; ADULTS C1 No Calif Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Med, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ferrara, A (reprint author), No Calif Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Div Res, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM axf@dor.kaiser.org NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2974 EP 2976 DI 10.2337/diacare.27.12.2974 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 874DU UT WOS:000225331900034 PM 15562217 ER PT J AU Liu, SM Serdula, M Janket, SJ Cook, NR Sesso, HD Willett, WC Manson, JE Buring, JE AF Liu, SM Serdula, M Janket, SJ Cook, NR Sesso, HD Willett, WC Manson, JE Buring, JE TI A prospective study of fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; MELLITUS; CONSUMPTION; DIET; DISEASE C1 Harvard Univ, Div Prevent Med, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Liu, SM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Prevent Med, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, 900 Commonwealth Ave E, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM siminliu@hsph.harvard.edu RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 15 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2993 EP 2996 DI 10.2337/diacare.27.12.2993 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 874DU UT WOS:000225331900041 PM 15562224 ER PT J AU Marano, N Pappaioanou, M AF Marano, N Pappaioanou, M TI Historical, new, and reemerging links between human and animal health SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID EMERGENCE; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marano, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nmarano@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2065 EP 2066 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000001 PM 15717420 ER PT J AU Peterson, AT Carroll, DS Mills, JN Johnson, KM AF Peterson, AT Carroll, DS Mills, JN Johnson, KM TI Potential mammalian filovirus reservoirs SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EBOLA-VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; CONGO; MARBURG; GLYCOPROTEIN; CHIROPTERA; COLLECTION; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; ANIMALS AB Ebola and Marburg viruses are maintained in unknown reservoir species; spillover into human populations results in occasional human cases or epidemics. We attempted to narrow the list of possibilities regarding the identity of those reservoir species. We made a series of explicit assumptions about the reservoir: it is a mammal; it supports persistent, largely asymptomatic filovirus infections; its range subsumes that of its associated filovirus; it has coevolved with the virus; it is of small body size; and it is not a species that is commensal with humans. Under these assumptions, we developed priority lists of mammal clades that coincide distributionally with filovirus outbreak distributions and compared these lists with those mammal taxa that have been tested for filovirus infection in previous epidemiologic studies. Studying the remainder of these taxa may be a fruitful avenue for pursuing the identity of natural reservoirs of filoviruses. C1 Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Peterson, AT (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM town@ku.edu OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 39 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 14 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2073 EP 2081 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000003 PM 15663841 ER PT J AU Hsu, VP Hossain, MJ Parashar, UD Ali, MM Ksiazek, TG Kuzmin, I Niezgoda, M Rupprecht, C Bresee, J Breiman, RF AF Hsu, VP Hossain, MJ Parashar, UD Ali, MM Ksiazek, TG Kuzmin, I Niezgoda, M Rupprecht, C Bresee, J Breiman, RF TI Nipath virus encephalitis reemergence, Bangladesh SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HENDRA VIRUS; PIG-FARMERS; MALAYSIA; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; SINGAPORE; WORKERS; BATS AB We retrospectively investigated two outbreaks of encephalitis in Meherpur and Naogaon, Bangladesh, which occurred in 2001 and 2003. We collected serum samples from persons who were ill, their household contacts, randomly selected residents, hospital workers, and various animals. Cases were classified as laboratory confirmed or probable. We identified 13 cases (4 confirmed, 9 probable) in Meherpur; 7 were in persons in two households. Patients were more likely than nonpatients to have close contact with other patients or have contact with a sick cow. In Naogaon, we identified 12 cases (4 confirmed, 8 probable); 7 were in persons clustered in 2 households. Two Pteropus bats had antibodies for Nipah virus. Samples from hospital workers were negative for Nipah virus antibodies. These outbreaks, the first since 1999, suggest that transmission may occur through close contact with other patients or from exposure to a common source. Surveillance and enhancement of diagnostic capacity to detect Nipah virus infection are recommended. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Off Civil Surg, Naogaon, Bangladesh. RP Hsu, VP (reprint author), 685 Palm Springs Dr,Suite 2A, Altmonte Springs, FL 32701 USA. EM vhsu@att.net NR 15 TC 226 Z9 248 U1 2 U2 31 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2082 EP 2087 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000004 PM 15663842 ER PT J AU Kern, P Ammon, A Kron, M Sinn, G Sander, S Petersen, LR Gaus, W Kern, P AF Kern, P Ammon, A Kron, M Sinn, G Sander, S Petersen, LR Gaus, W Kern, P TI Risk factors for alveolar echinococcosis in humans SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCULARIS AB We conducted a case-control study to investigate risk factors for acquiring autochthonous alveolar echinococcosis in Germany. Forty cases and 120 controls matched by age and residence were interviewed. Patients were more likely than controls to have owned dogs that killed game (odds ratio [OR] = 18.0), lived in a farmhouse (OR = 6.4), owned dogs that roamed outdoors unattended (OR = 6.1), collected wood (OR = 4.7), been farmers (OR = 4.7), chewed grass (OR = 4.4), lived in a dwelling close to fields (OR = 3.0), gone into forests for vocational reasons (OR = 2.8), grown leaf or root vegetables (OR 2.5), owned cats that roamed outdoors unattended (OR 2.3), and eaten unwashed strawberries (OR = 2.2). Sixty-five percent of cases were attributable to farming. Measures that prevent accidental swallowing of possibly contaminated material during farming or adequate deworming of pet animals might reduce the risk for alveolar echinococcosis. C1 Univ Ulm, Dept Biometry & Med Documentat, D-89075 Ulm, Germany. Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Hlth Author Gesundgeitsamt Charlottesburg Wilmers, Berlin, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kern, P (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Biometry & Med Documentat, Schwabstr 13, D-89075 Ulm, Germany. EM echinoreg@medizin.uni-ulm.edu NR 18 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 15 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2088 EP 2093 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000005 PM 15663843 ER PT J AU Klenk, K Snow, J Morgan, K Bowen, R Stephens, M Foster, F Gordy, P Beckett, S Komar, N Gubler, D Bunning, M AF Klenk, K Snow, J Morgan, K Bowen, R Stephens, M Foster, F Gordy, P Beckett, S Komar, N Gubler, D Bunning, M TI Alligators as West Nile virus amplifiers SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; GARTER SNAKES THAMNOPHIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITOS; REPTILES; TEMPERATURE; VERTEBRATES AB Recent evidence suggests that American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) may be capable of transmitting West Nile virus (WNV) to other alligators. We experimentally exposed 24 juvenile alligators to WNV parenterally or orally. All became infected, and all but three sustained viremia titers >5.0 log(10) PFU/mL (a threshold considered infectious for Culex quinquetasciatus mosquitoes) for 1 to 8 days. Noninoculated tankmates also became infected. The viremia profiles and multiple routes of infection suggest alligators may play an important role in WNV transmission in areas with high population densities of juvenile alligators. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Klenk, K (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kaci.klenk@aphis.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI25489] NR 36 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2150 EP 2155 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000014 PM 15663852 ER PT J AU Brault, AC Langevin, SA Bowen, RA Panella, NA Biggerstaff, BJ Miller, BR Komar, N AF Brault, AC Langevin, SA Bowen, RA Panella, NA Biggerstaff, BJ Miller, BR Komar, N TI Differential virulence of West Nile strains for American crows SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; VIRUS-STRAINS; ENCEPHALITIS; EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; FEVER; BIRDS; FLAVIVIRUSES; TRANSMISSION AB Crow deaths were observed after West Nile virus (WNV) was intioduced into North America, and this phenomenon has subsequently been used to monitor the spread of the virus. To investigate potential differences in the crow virulence of different WNV strains, American Crows were inoculated with Old World strains of WNV from Kenya and Australia (Kunjin) and a North American (NY99) WNV genotype. Infection of crows with NY99 genotype resulted in high serum viremia levels and death; the Kenyan and Kunjin genotypes elicited low viremia levels and minimal deaths but resulted in the generation of neutralizing antibodies capable of providing 100% protection from infection with the NY99 strain. These results suggest that genetic alterations in NY99 WNV are responsible for the crow-virulent phenotype and that increased replication of this strain in crows could spread WNV in North America. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Brault, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM acbrault@ucdavis.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI061822-01] NR 28 TC 113 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 18 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2161 EP 2168 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000016 PM 15663854 ER PT J AU Tweed, SA Skowronski, DM David, ST Larder, A Petric, M Lees, W Li, Y Katz, J Krajden, M Tellier, R Halpert, C Hirst, M Astell, C Lawrence, D Mak, A AF Tweed, SA Skowronski, DM David, ST Larder, A Petric, M Lees, W Li, Y Katz, J Krajden, M Tellier, R Halpert, C Hirst, M Astell, C Lawrence, D Mak, A TI Human illness from avian influenza H7N3, British Columbia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; POULTRY; H5 AB Avian influenza that infects poultry in close proximity to humans is a concern because of its pandemic potential. In 2004, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N3 occurred in poultry in British Columbia, Canada. Surveillance identified two persons with confirmed avian influenza infection. Symptoms included conjunctivitis and mild influenzalike illness. C1 BC Ctr Dis Control, Epidemiol Serv, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada. Hlth Canada, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Fraser Hlth Author, Abbotsford, BC, Canada. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. British Columbia Canc Agcy, Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada. RP Tweed, SA (reprint author), BC Ctr Dis Control, Epidemiol Serv, 655 E 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada. EM aleina.tweed@bccdc.ca RI Hirst, Martin/C-3619-2009; Tang, Macy/B-9798-2014; Hirst, Martin/B-7684-2016 NR 12 TC 217 Z9 238 U1 1 U2 10 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2196 EP 2199 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000022 PM 15663860 ER PT J AU Randall, DA Williams, SD Kuzmin, IV Rupprecht, CE Tallents, LA Tefera, Z Argaw, K Shiferaw, F Knobel, DL Sillero-Zubiri, C Laurenson, MK AF Randall, DA Williams, SD Kuzmin, IV Rupprecht, CE Tallents, LA Tefera, Z Argaw, K Shiferaw, F Knobel, DL Sillero-Zubiri, C Laurenson, MK TI Rabies in endangered Ethiopian wolves SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; WOLF; GENE AB With rabies emerging as a particular threat to wild canids, we report on a rabies outbreak in a subpopulation of endangered Ethiopian wolves in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, in 2003 and 2004. Parenteral vaccination of wolves was used to manage the outbreak. C1 Frandfurt Zool Soc, Arusha, Tanzania. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. Ethiopian Wolf Conservat Programme, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ethiopian Wildlife Conservat Org, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Laurenson, MK (reprint author), Frandfurt Zool Soc, POB 14935, Arusha, Tanzania. EM karenlaurenson@fzs.org NR 13 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 8 U2 28 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2214 EP 2217 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000027 PM 15663865 ER PT J AU Matos, O Alves, M Xiao, LH Cama, V Antunes, F AF Matos, O Alves, M Xiao, LH Cama, V Antunes, F TI Cryptosporidium felis and C-meleagridis in persons with HIV, Portugal SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS; INFECTED PATIENTS; DIARRHEA; HUMANS; LISBON C1 Inst Hig & Med Trop, Unidade Prot Oportunistas VIH & Protozooses, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hosp Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Matos, O (reprint author), Inst Hig & Med Trop, Unidade Prot Oportunistas VIH & Protozooses, Rua Junqueira 96, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. EM omatos@ihmt.unl.pt RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; MATOS, OLGA/J-8859-2012 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 9 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2256 EP 2257 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000039 PM 15672531 ER PT J AU Erwin, PC Bemis, DA Mawby, DI McCombs, SB Sheeler, LL Himelright, IM Halford, SK Diem, L Metchock, B Jones, TF Schilling, MG Thomsen, BV AF Erwin, PC Bemis, DA Mawby, DI McCombs, SB Sheeler, LL Himelright, IM Halford, SK Diem, L Metchock, B Jones, TF Schilling, MG Thomsen, BV TI Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission from human to canine SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID FELINE POPULATIONS; DOG C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Erwin, PC (reprint author), 1522 Cherokee Trail, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. EM paul.erwin@state.tn.us NR 8 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2258 EP 2260 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000041 PM 15672533 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI "One medicine" for animal and human health SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2269 EP 2270 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000045 ER PT J AU Meeker, JD Ryan, L Barr, DB Herrick, RF Bennett, DH Bravo, R Hauser, R AF Meeker, JD Ryan, L Barr, DB Herrick, RF Bennett, DH Bravo, R Hauser, R TI The relationship of urinary metabolites of carbaryl/naphthalene and chlorpyrifos with human semen quality SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biological markers; environment; human; pesticides; semen ID CARBARYL-EXPOSED EMPLOYEES; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PARAMETERS; SYSTEM; RATS; ABNORMALITIES; INFERTILITY AB Most of the general population is exposed to carbaryl and other contemporary-use insecticides at low levels. Studies of laboratory animals, in addition to limited human data, show an association between carbaryl exposure and decreased semen quality. In the present study we explored whether environmental exposures to 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, are associated with decreased semen quality in humans. Subjects (n = 272) were recruited through a Massachusetts infertility clinic. Individual exposures were measured as spot urinary concentrations of 1N and TCPY adjusted using specific gravity. Semen quality was assessed as sperm concentration, percent motile sperm, and percent sperm with normal morphology, along with sperm motion parameters (straight-line velocity, curvilinear velocity, and linearity). Median TCPY and 1N concentrations were 3.22 and 3.19 mug/L, respectively. For increasing 1N tertiles, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were significantly elevated for below-reference sperm concentration (OR for low, medium, and high tertiles = 1.0, 4.2, 4.2, respectively; p-value for trend = 0.01) and percent motile sperm (1.0, 2.5, 2.4; p-value for trend = 0.01). The sperm motion parameter most strongly associated with 1N was straight-line velocity. There were suggestive, borderline-significant associations for TCPY with sperm concentration and motility, whereas sperm morphology was weakly and nonsignificantly associated with both TCPY and 1N. The observed associations between altered semen quality and 1N are consistent with previous studies of carbaryl exposure, although suggestive associations with TCPY are difficult to interpret because human and animal data are currently limited. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Bldg 1,Room 1405,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hohp.harvard.edu RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490; Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES09718] NR 37 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 112 IS 17 BP 1665 EP 1670 DI 10.1289/ehp.7234 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 880ID UT WOS:000225781300041 PM 15579410 ER PT J AU Hauser, R Meeker, JD Park, S Silva, MJ Calafat, AM AF Hauser, R Meeker, JD Park, S Silva, MJ Calafat, AM TI Temporal variability of urinary phthalate metabolite levels in men of reproductive age SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; human; phthalates; reliability; urine ID HUMAN SEMEN PARAMETERS; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; EXPOSURE; POPULATION; RATS AB Phthalates are a family of multifunctional chemicals widely used in personal care and other consumer products. The ubiquitous use of phthalates results in human exposure through multiple sources and routes, including dietary ingestion, dermal absorption, inhalation, and parenteral exposure from medical devices containing phthalates. We explored the temporal variability over 3 months in urinary phthalate metabolite levels among 11 men who collected up to nine urine samples each during this time period. Eight phthalate metabolites were measured by solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the between- and within-subject variance apportionment, and the sensitivity and specificity of a single urine sample to classify a subject's 3-month average exposure. Five of the eight phthalates were frequently detected. Monoethyl phthalate (MEP) was detected in 100% of samples; monobutyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), and monomethyl phthalate were detected in > 90% of samples. Although we found both substantial day-to-day and month-to-month variability in each individual's urinary phthalate metabolite levels, a single urine sample was moderately predictive of each subject's exposure over 3 months. The sensitivities ranged from 0.56 to 0.74. Both the degree of between- and within-subject variance and the predictive ability of a single urine sample differed among phthalate metabolites. In particular, a single urine sample was most predictive for MEP and least predictive for MEHP. These results suggest that the most efficient exposure assessment strategy for a particular study may depend on the phthalates of interest. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Androl Lab, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, In Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Bldg 1,Room 1405,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hohp.harvard.edu OI Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES09718] NR 31 TC 198 Z9 200 U1 4 U2 23 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 112 IS 17 BP 1734 EP 1740 DI 10.1289/ehp.7212 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 880ID UT WOS:000225781300052 PM 15579421 ER PT J AU Gladen, BC Klebanoff, MA Hediger, ML Katz, SH Barr, DB Davis, MD Longnecker, MP AF Gladen, BC Klebanoff, MA Hediger, ML Katz, SH Barr, DB Davis, MD Longnecker, MP TI Prenatal DDT exposure in relation to anthropometric and pubertal measures in adolescent males SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE child development; DDE; DDT; growth; prenatal exposure delayed effects; puberty ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE DDE; HUMAN-MILK; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; CHILDHOOD GROWTH; MATERNAL SMOKING; MALARIA CONTROL; HUMAN-SERUM; IN-UTERO; BIRTH AB DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), a pesticide once used widely in agriculture and now limited to public health use, remains a controversial chemical because of a combination of benefits and risks. DDT or its breakdown products are ubiquitous in the environment and in humans. Compounds in the DDT family have endocrine actions and have been associated with reproductive toxicity. A previous study reported associations between prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene] and increased height and weight in adolescent boys. We examined a group with higher exposures to see whether similar associations would occur. Our study group was 304 males born in Philadelphia in the early 1960s who had participated in a previous study. Anthropometric and pubertal measures from one to six visits during their adolescent years were available, as were stored maternal serum samples from pregnancy. We measured p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane], and o,p'-DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane] in the maternal serum. Outcomes examined in the boys were height, ratio of sitting height to height, body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness, ratio of subscapular to the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses, skeletal age, serum testosterone, and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. No associations between prenatal exposure to any of the DDT compounds and any outcome measure were seen. C1 NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NICHHD, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Penn, Krogman Ctr Res Child Growth & Dev, Philadelphia, PA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gladen, BC (reprint author), NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM gladen@niehs.nih.gov RI katz, solomon/B-3426-2012; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 63 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 112 IS 17 BP 1761 EP 1767 DI 10.1289/ehp.7287 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 880ID UT WOS:000225781300055 PM 15579424 ER PT J AU Sjodin, A AF Sjodin, A TI PBDEs: Reply SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; 2,2',4,4',5-PENTABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; SERUM; MICE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sjodin, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM asjodin@cdc.gov RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 112 IS 17 BP A979 EP A979 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 880ID UT WOS:000225781300004 ER PT J AU Wilbur, SB Hansen, H Pohl, H Colman, J McClure, P AF Wilbur, SB Hansen, H Pohl, H Colman, J McClure, P TI Using the ATSDR Guidance Manual for the Assessment of Joint Toxic Action of Chemical Mixtures SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE risk assessment; chemical interactions; mixtures ID RISK ASSESSMENT AB The Guidance Manual for the Assessment of Joint Toxic Action of Chemical Mixtures (Mixtures Guidance Manual) is intended to assist environmental health scientists and toxicologists in determining whether exposure to chemical mixtures at hazardous waste sites may affect public health. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) approach is a semi-quantitative screening process. Step-by-step procedures for assessing noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects are outlined in flow charts. Exposure data and toxicological information on the mixture of concern are the preferred basis for an assessment. If suitable whole mixture studies are not available, a components-based approach is undertaken. The hazard index (HI) method is used to screen for noncancer health hazards from potential additivity of the components. Cancer risks for the components are summed to screen for health hazards from potential additivity of carcinogenic effects. A weight-of-evidence (WOE) method is used to evaluate the potential impact of interactions on noncancer and cancer health effects. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Toxicol, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. RP Wilbur, SB (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Toxicol, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sdw9@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 SI SI BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j/etap.2003.03.001 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 876YB UT WOS:000225533600005 PM 21782752 ER PT J AU Roney, N Colman, J AF Roney, N Colman, J TI Interaction profile for lead, manganese, zinc, and copper SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE chemical mixtures; risk assessment; lead; manganese; zinc; copper ID AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE; DIETARY ZINC; TOXICITY; METALLOTHIONEIN; INHIBITION; ERYTHROCYTES; PROTEIN; BINDING; METALS; RATS AB This interaction profile discusses and evaluates the evidence for joint toxic action among lead, manganese, zinc, and copper. The interaction profile recommends how to incorporate concerns about possible interactions or additivity into public health assessments of hazardous waste sites where people might be exposed to mixtures of these chemicals. The profile recommends using endpoint-specific hazard indexes and a hazard quotient to screen for potential health effects. The qualitative weight-of-evidence (WOE) approach is then used to predict the impact of interactions on the endpoint-specific hazard indexes and hazard quotient. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Agcy Toxic Subst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Ctr Environm Sci, Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. RP Roney, N (reprint author), Agcy Toxic Subst, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-F32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nroney@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 SI SI BP 231 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.01.008 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 876YB UT WOS:000225533600006 PM 21782753 ER PT J AU Pohl, HR McClure, P De Rosa, CT AF Pohl, HR McClure, P De Rosa, CT TI Persistent chemicals found in breast milk and their possible interactions SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE breast milk contamination; persistent chemicals; chemical mixtures; risk assessment ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE DDE; PUBLIC-HEALTH VIEWPOINT; LAKE-ONTARIO FISH; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; FEEDING EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; NEUROLOGICAL CONDITION; DUTCH CHILDREN; BIRTH SIZE AB Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs), hexachlorobenzene, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane (p,p'-DDE), methylmercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were selected as an important subset of persistent chemicals detected in breast milk for the purpose of reviewing data on their joint toxic actions following oral exposure. Epidemiological studies of possible health hazards associated with exposure to biopersistent chemicals in breast milk identify mild neurodevelopmental deficits as a possible health hazard. However, the studies did not analyze all the components of the above defined mixture, and, therefore, they are not directly useful for the purposes of conducting exposure-based assessments of hazards associated with this mixture. For this purpose, component-based methodology such as binary weight-of-evidence, the hazard index (HI) and the target-organ toxicity dose (TTD) approaches are recommended. Weight-of-evidence evaluation of the limited animal studies' data on interactions among CDDs, hexachlorobenzene, p,p-DDE, methylmercury, and PCBs indicates that the data are inadequate to warrant a concern for deviations from the additivity assumption. Further, exposure-based health assessments are used, in conjunction with evaluation of community-specific health outcome data, consideration of community health concerns, and biomedical judgement, to assess the degree of public health hazard presented by mixtures of substances released into the environment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Dept Hlth& Human Serv, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. RP Pohl, HR (reprint author), US Dept Hlth& Human Serv, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hpohl@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 SI SI BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2003.11.012 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 876YB UT WOS:000225533600010 PM 21782757 ER PT J AU DiIorio, CA Kobau, R Holden, EW Berkowitz, JM Kamin, SL Antonak, RF Austin, JK Baker, GA Bauman, LJ Gilliam, F Thurman, DJ Price, PH AF DiIorio, CA Kobau, R Holden, EW Berkowitz, JM Kamin, SL Antonak, RF Austin, JK Baker, GA Bauman, LJ Gilliam, F Thurman, DJ Price, PH TI Developing a measure to assess attitudes toward epilepsy in the US population SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; stigma; attitude assessment; knowledge assessment; scale development ID KNOWLEDGE; STIGMA; FAMILIARITY AB The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to measure the US public's attitudes toward people with epilepsy and to assess the initial reliability and validity of the instrument. A 46-item attitudinal instrument was developed and tested using a proportional, stratified, national, random-digit dial household telephone survey of adults aged greater than or equal to 18 (n = 758). Exploratory factor analyses revealed four underlying constructs that accounted for 34.4% of the variance in the factor analysis: negative stereotypes (alpha = 0.73); risk and safety concerns (alpha = 0.85); work and role expectations (alpha = 0.76); and personal fear and social avoidance (alpha = 0.79). Knowledge was also assessed; participants with less knowledge about epilepsy had more negative attitudes. The results of these analyses provided evidence for reliability and construct validity of the instrument. Additional tests of the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the scales are necessary to refine the instrument. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epilepsy Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. ORC Macro, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana State Univ, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Nursing, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Walton Ctr Neurol & Neurosurg, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. RP Kobau, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epilepsy Program, Atlanta, GA USA. EM rmk4@cdc.gov FU NINDS NIH HHS [K24 NS047551] NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-5050 J9 EPILEPSY BEHAV JI Epilepsy Behav. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 5 IS 6 BP 965 EP 975 DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.08.020 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 881NL UT WOS:000225874100024 PM 15582846 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Malarcher, AM Giles, WH Myers, G AF Sharma, S Malarcher, AM Giles, WH Myers, G TI Racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in the clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; race ethnicity; socioeconomic status ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; MORTALITY; ADULTS; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; EDUCATION AB Objective: To evaluate racial and ethnic differences in the clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in the United States and to determine whether these differences vary by socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), a cross-sectional survey of the US population, were used to examine these relationships among 486 non-Hispanic Blacks, 469 Mexican Americans, and 772 non-Hispanic Whites, aged 25 to 99 years. Risk factors included hypertension, abnormal cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, overweight, and cigarette smoking. Educational level was used as a proxy for SES. Results: Twenty percent of non-Hispanic Whites had zero CVD risk factors vs 18% of Mexican Americans and 13% of non-Hispanic Blacks. Non-Hispanic Blacks were twice as likely as the other groups to have 4 or 5 risk factors. Across all groups, the prevalence of having zero risk factors increased with education (from 6%-14% among those with <12 years to 22%-29% among those with >12 years). After adjustment for age and gender, among those with <12 years of education, Mexican Americans were 60% more likely and non-Hispanic Blacks were 30% less likely to have zero risk factors than non-Hispanic Whites. Among persons with >12 years of education, Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Blacks were 50%-60% less likely to have zero risk factors than non-Hispanic Whites. Conclusions: Increased CVD risk factor clustering exists among Americans with low SES, particularly among non-Hispanic Blacks. Among persons with high SES, Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Blacks have a higher risk of CVD than non-Hispanic Whites. These disparities may be reduced through policy changes that promote heart-healthy environments throughout society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Emerging Issues & Appl Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Special Act Branch, Environm Hlth Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Malarcher, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aym8@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 803OE UT WOS:000220239600008 PM 15002922 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, SD Ashaye, MO Stettler, N Sorof, JM Goran, MI Parekh, R Falkner, BE AF Nesbitt, SD Ashaye, MO Stettler, N Sorof, JM Goran, MI Parekh, R Falkner, BE TI Overweight as a risk factor in children: A focus on ethnicity SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Review DE obesity; overweight; children adolescents; African American/blacks; hispanics; ethnicity; cardiovascular disease; hypertension; diabetes; insulin resistance; dyslipidemia ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN; BODY-MASS INDEX; INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RESTING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; OBESE ADOLESCENT GIRLS; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; SPARING MODIFIED FAST; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AB The prevalence of overweight in youth is increasing dramatically in the United States. The intimate relationship of obesity and overweight with cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes in adults raises concern for the likelihood of subsequent disease development in children. Ethnic minorities are so disproportionately affected by overweight that a call to action is necessary. The International Society on Hypertension in Blacks convened this work group as part of a larger effort to focus on cardiovascular risk protection beginning in childhood and adolescence, entitled the "Children are Our Messengers: Changing the Health Message" initiative. This summary article reviews the data on cardiovascular risk factors and overweight in ethnic children and adolescents, and culminates in a practical algorithm for evaluating overweight children for cardiovascular risk. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Houston Pediat Adolescent Hypertens Program, Houston, TX USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Gastroenterol & Nutr, Philadelphia, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ So Calif, Inst Prevent Res, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pediat & Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Nesbitt, SD (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd,CS8-102A, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM shawna.nesbitt@utsouthwestern.edu NR 221 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 16 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 94 EP 110 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 803OE UT WOS:000220239600015 PM 15002929 ER PT J AU Mertens, PLJM van der Avoort, HGAM Widdowson, MA Sturmans, F AF Mertens, PLJM van der Avoort, HGAM Widdowson, MA Sturmans, F TI No epidemic poliovirus detected in the Cape Verde community of Rotterdam during the poliomyelitis outbreak on Cape Verde in 2000 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Municipal Publ Hlth Serv, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Univ Rotterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maastricht, Dept Epidemiol, Maastricht, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1101-1262 J9 EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Eur. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 SU S BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 897VX UT WOS:000227034700264 ER PT J AU Eaton, DK Lowry, R Brener, ND Grunbaum, JA Kann, L AF Eaton, DK Lowry, R Brener, ND Grunbaum, JA Kann, L TI Passive versus active parental permission in school-based survey research - Does the type of permission affect prevalence estimates of risk behaviors? SO EVALUATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE adolescents; school-based research; parental permission; risk behavior ID CONSENT PROCEDURES; BIAS; ADOLESCENTS; RATES AB This study investigates whether the type of parental permission affects prevalence estimates for risk behaviors from the national 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. participants were 13,195 students from 143 schools, of which 65% used passive permission and 35% active permission. Student participation rates were 86.7% in passive permission schools and 77.3% in active permission schools. For 24 of 26 behaviors tested, no significant differences were seen in the prevalence of risk behavior by type of parental permission. As long as high response rates are obtained, type of parental permission does not affect prevalence estimates for risk behaviors that are based on self-report. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eaton, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0193-841X J9 EVALUATION REV JI Eval. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 28 IS 6 BP 564 EP 577 DI 10.1177/0192741X04265651 PG 14 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 868IO UT WOS:000224907500004 PM 15486161 ER PT J AU Seeff, LC Manninen, DL Dong, FB Chattopadhyay, SK Nadel, MR Tangka, FKL Molinari, NAM AF Seeff, LC Manninen, DL Dong, FB Chattopadhyay, SK Nadel, MR Tangka, FKL Molinari, NAM TI Is there endoscopic capacity to provide colorectal cancer screening to the unscreened population in the United States? SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; MORTALITY; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; COLONOSCOPY; GUIDELINES; UPDATE; TRIAL AB Background & Aims: Screening rates for colorectal cancer remain low compared with screening rates for other cancers. The size of the unscreened population and the capacity to provide widespread screening are unknown. We estimated the number of average-risk persons aged 50 years or older not screened for colorectal cancer, the number of procedures required for this population, and the endoscopic capacity to satisfy this unmet need. Methods: Using data from the US Census Bureau and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Health Interview Survey, we designed a forecasting model to estimate the number of persons in the United States currently not screened for colorectal cancer and the number of examinations needed to screen these persons. Test. need was compared with available capacity, based on results from the national Survey of Endoscopic Capacity, assuming different proportions of available capacity were used for colorectal. cancer screening. Result : Approximately 41.8 million average-risk people aged 50 years or older have not been screened for colorectal cancer according to national, guidelines. Sufficient capacity exists to screen the unscreened population within 1 year using fecal occult blood testing followed by diagnostic colonoscopy for positive tests. Depending on the proportion of available capacity used for colorectal cancer screening, it could take up to 10 years to screen the unscreened population using flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Conclusions: The capacity exists for widespread screening with fecal occult blood testing. The capacity for screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy depends on the proportion of available capacity used for colorectal cancer screening. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Battelle, Seattle, WA USA. RP Seeff, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, 4770 Buford Highway NE Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lvs3@odc.gov NR 28 TC 191 Z9 196 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD DEC PY 2004 VL 127 IS 6 BP 1661 EP 1669 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.09.052 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 879OV UT WOS:000225728000006 PM 15578502 ER PT J AU Seeff, LC Richards, TB Shapiro, JA Nadel, MR Manninen, DL Given, LS Dong, FB Winges, LD Mckenna, MT AF Seeff, LC Richards, TB Shapiro, JA Nadel, MR Manninen, DL Given, LS Dong, FB Winges, LD Mckenna, MT TI How many endoscopies are performed for colorectal cancer screening? Results from CDC's survey of endoscopic capacity SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; COLONOSCOPY; GUIDELINES; UPDATE AB Background & Aims: Estimates of the current number of endoscopic colorectal cancer screening and follow-up examinations being performed are limited. A national study was therefore conducted among US physician practices. Methods: Approximately 1800 medical practices were surveyed from a list of all practices known to have purchased or leased lower endoscopic equipment between 1996 and 2000. Questions were asked regarding the current number of lower endoscopic procedures performed and the potential maximum number that could be performed. Results: In 2002, a total of 8207 practices reported performing flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy in the United States. Gastroenterologists performed 43.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.2-50.2) of all sigmoidoscopies and 82.5% (95% CI, 80.3-84.7) of all colonoscopies. Primary care physicians performed 24.9% (95% CI, 20.3-29.5) of all sigmoidoscopies and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.4-2.6) of all colonoscopies. All physicians combined performed approximately 2.8 million (95% CI, 2.4-3.1) flexible sigmoidoscopies and 14.2 million (95% CI, 12.1-16.4) colonoscopies but reported that they could increase to approximately 9.5 million flexible sigmoidoscopies (95% CI, 8.4-10.5) and 22.4 million colonoscopies (95% CI, 20.1-24.8) in 1 year. Conclusions: Approximately 2.8 million flexible sigmoidoscopies and 14.2 million colonoscopies were estimated to have been performed in 2002. Physicians reported that they could perform an additional 6.7 million flexible sigmoidoscopies and 8.2 million colonoscopies in 1 year. These additional procedures could be used for the unscreened population and should be considered in the estimate of the national capacity to provide colorectal cancer screening to all eligible persons in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Battelle, Seattle, WA USA. RP Seeff, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, 4770 Buford Highway NE Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lvs3@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 256 Z9 258 U1 0 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD DEC PY 2004 VL 127 IS 6 BP 1670 EP 1677 DI 10.1043/j.gastro.2004.09.051 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 879OV UT WOS:000225728000007 PM 15578503 ER PT J AU Beniston, M Diaz, HF AF Beniston, M Diaz, HF TI The 2003 heat wave as an example of summers in a greenhouse climate? Observations and climate model simulations for Basel, Switzerland SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE 2003 heat wave; Basel; Switzerland; greenhouse climate ID VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; EUROPE AB The heat wave that affected many parts of Europe during the course of summer 2003 may be a harbinger of summers that could occur more regularly in a future climate, under enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations. Switzerland was not exempt from the 2003 heat wave and, indeed, the previous absolute maximum temperature record dating back to the middle of the 20th century was exceeded by over 2 degreesC. Regional climate simulations undertaken for the European region emphasize the fact that summers will become progressively as hot as the 2003 event, such that in the latter pan of the 21 st century, it is likely to become the norm. On the basis of this study, the 2003 event should be considered as a "shape of things to come" and thereby prompt timely decision making in tennis of appropriate adaptation and mitiagation strategies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fribourg, Dept Geosci, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. NOAA, CDC, OAR, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Beniston, M (reprint author), Univ Fribourg, Dept Geosci, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. EM martin.beniston@unifr.ch OI BENISTON, Martin/0000-0002-3782-5458 NR 16 TC 115 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-4 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.06.006 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 884CP UT WOS:000226062500006 ER PT J AU Martinez, KF Rao, CY Burton, NC AF Martinez, KF Rao, CY Burton, NC TI Exposure assessment and analysis for biological agents SO GRANA LA English DT Review ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; AIRBORNE FUNGAL SPORES; SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; 3-HYDROXY FATTY-ACIDS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; INDOOR AIR; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; STACHYBOTRYS-ATRA AB Airborne biological agents have become prominent safety and health issues in agriculture, biotechnology, industrial settings, and the indoor environment. Each of these environments presents unique exposure concerns due to the nature of the encountered biological agent, the microbial concentrations, the modes of exposure, and the susceptibility of the exposed population. Acceptable levels of airborne microorganisms have not been established and the sampling methods and analytical techniques employed to assess airborne biocontaminants are varied and non-standardized. This paper reviews and compares the different air sampling methods for biological agents and classical analytical methods (i.e., culture and microscopy), analysis for specific microorganism constituents (i.e., ergosterol, muramic acid, glucans, allergens, mycotoxins, endotoxins) and molecular methods (i.e., polymerase chain reactions). Each of the described methods has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Selection of sampling and analytical methods depends upon the nature of the information that is sought; there is no one ideal sampling or analytical method. Combinations of sampling and analytical methods can provide a wide range of data that can be effectively tailored to many different environmental settings. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. RP Rao, CY (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 175 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0017-3134 J9 GRANA JI Grana PD DEC PY 2004 VL 43 IS 4 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1080/00173130410000794 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 881OL UT WOS:000225876700001 ER PT J AU Green, LW AF Green, LW TI Ethics and community-based participatory research: Commentary on Minkler SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material DE community-based participatory research; research ethics; community partnerships ID PUBLIC-HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Sci & Extramural Res, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Green, LW (reprint author), 66 Santa Paula Ave, San Francisco, CA 94127 USA. EM lwgreen@comcast.net NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 698 EP 701 DI 10.1177/1090198104269567 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870GC UT WOS:000225044600003 PM 15614932 ER PT J AU Seal, DW Belcher, L Morrow, K Eldridge, G Binson, D Kacanek, D Margolis, AD McAuliffe, T Simms, R AF Seal, DW Belcher, L Morrow, K Eldridge, G Binson, D Kacanek, D Margolis, AD McAuliffe, T Simms, R CA Project START Study Grp TI A qualitative study of substance use and sexual behavior among 18-to 29-year-old-men while incarcerated in the United States SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; prisons; prevention ID HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; PRISON; MEN; INMATES; RIGOR AB The article describes men's perceptions of and experience with substance use and sexual behavior during incarceration. Grounded theory content analyses were performed on qualitative interviews conducted with 80 men, aged 18 to 29, in four U.S. states. Participants believed that drugs were easily available in prison. Half reported using substances, primarily marijuana or alcohol, while incarcerated. Key themes included the role of correctional personnel in the flow of substances in prison and the economic significance of substance trafficking. With regard to sexual behavior, most men acknowledged that it occurred but were hesitant to talk in-depth about it. There was a strong belief in "don't look, don't tell," and sex in prison was often associated with homosexual behavior or identity. Sex during incarceration was reported by 12 men, mostly with female partners. Participants were pessimistic about HIV/STD/hepatitis prevention efforts inside correctional facilities. These findings highlight the need for risk reduction programs for incarcerated men. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV,STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Miriam Hosp, Brown Med Sch, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth & Social Behav, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Seal, DW (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, 2071 N Summnit Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. EM dseal@mcw.edu FU PHS HHS [114812, 514804, 914806, 414879] NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 775 EP 789 DI 10.1177/1098104264134 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870GC UT WOS:000225044600008 PM 15539547 ER PT J AU Cheng, YS Guilmette, RA Zhou, Y Gao, J LaBone, T Whicker, JJ Hoover, MD AF Cheng, YS Guilmette, RA Zhou, Y Gao, J LaBone, T Whicker, JJ Hoover, MD TI Characterization of plutonium aerosol collected during an accident SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE aerosols; plutonium; accident analysis; exposure; occupational ID DISSOLUTION; LUNG; INHALATION; RETENTION AB This study determined the plutonium particle size distribution and dissolution rate Of (PuO2)-Pu-238 aerosol collected during the 16 March 2000 release of an undetermined amount of (PuO2)-Pu-238 in a room within a plutonium facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The facility has been in operation since 1978 to support the development, fabrication, and testing of Pu-238 heat sources for the U.S. Department of Energy. Several workers were in the room at the time of the release and in vivo study of five of the workers began the day after the exposure event. Four of the subjects subsequently received chelation therapy. Over 30 fixed air filter samplers (FASs) and four continuous air monitors (CAMs) were operating in the room during the radiological release. One 47-mm-diameter glass fiber FAS filter and one 25-cm-diameter mixed cellulose ester CAM filter containing Pu aerosol from the incident were examined in the study described here. Total alpha radioactivity on the filters was determined by gross alpha counting. Isotopic identification of the Pu-238 was made by alpha spectrometry. Film autoradiography was used to characterize the spatial distribution of alpha-emitting particles on the filters. Track-etch autoradiography was used to estimate the distribution of alpha radioactivity in individual plutonium particles on the filters for particle size measurement. The glass fiber filter was then cut into six sections. Particles from two sections were resuspended in alcohol, dispersed as an aerosol using a Lovelace nebulizer, and characterized by aerodynamic diameter using a Lovelace Multi-jet cascade impactor. The measured activity median aerodynamic diameter from the cascade impactor was 4.8 mum with a geometric standard deviation of 1.5. That agreed with the size distribution obtained from the alpha track detection technique. The remaining four filter sections were used in an in vitro dissolution study with synthetic serum ultrafiltrate. The retention of undissolved Pu-238 was consistent with a biphasic exponential function. The majority of the Pu-238 dissolved with a half-time of 900 d. The information on particle size distribution and solubility from this study was useful in assigning a radiation dose to the exposed workers, supporting the decision to administer chelation therapy, and providing a model for characterizing accident-associated aerosols in the future. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87115 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Cheng, YS (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87115 USA. EM ycheng@lrri.org RI Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 596 EP 605 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000138577.21388.a7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 872MX UT WOS:000225212400009 PM 15545766 ER PT J AU Howard, DH Roy, K AF Howard, DH Roy, K TI Private care and public health: Do vaccination and prenatal care rates differ between users of private versus public sector care in India? SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE quality of care; primary care; vaccination; prenatal care; delivery of health care; global health ID ELDERLY OUTPATIENTS; INCOME COUNTRIES; SELF-REPORT; INFLUENZA AB Objective. To determine whether patients who use private sector providers for curative services have lower vaccination rates and are less likely to receive prenatal care. Data Sources/Study Setting. This study uses data from the 52d round of the National Sample Survey, a nationally representative socioeconomic and health survey of 120,942 rural and urban Indian households conducted in 1995-1996. Study Design. Using logistic regression, we estimate the relationship between receipt of preventive care at any time (vaccinations for children, prenatal care for pregnant women) and use of public or private care for outpatient curative services, controlling for demographics, household socioeconomic status, and state of residence. Data Collection/Extraction Methods. We analyzed samples of children ages 0 to 4 and pregnant women who used medical care within a 15-day window prior to the survey. Principal Findings. With the exception of measles vaccination, predicted probabilities of the receipt of vaccinations and prenatal care do not differ based on the type of provider at which children and women sought curative care. Children and pregnant women in households who use private care are almost twice as likely to receive preventive care from private sources, but the majority still obtains preventive care from public providers. Conclusions. We do not find support for the hypothesis that children and pregnant women who use private care are less likely to receive public health services. Results are consistent with the notion that Indian households are able to successfully navigate the coexisting public and private systems, and obtain services selectively from each. However, because the study employed an observational, cross-sectional study design, findings should be interpreted cautiously. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Effectiveness & Hlth Econ Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Howard, DH (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 2013 EP 2026 DI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00330.x PN 2 PG 14 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 893TZ UT WOS:000226743500006 PM 15544642 ER PT J AU Moore, JM Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Perkins, DJ Othoro, C Otieno, J Nahlen, BL Shi, YP Udhayakumar, V AF Moore, JM Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Perkins, DJ Othoro, C Otieno, J Nahlen, BL Shi, YP Udhayakumar, V TI Hemozoin differentially regulates proinflammatory cytokine production in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and -seronegative women with placental malaria SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM INFECTION; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PREGNANT-WOMEN; IN-VIVO; ANEMIA; PRIMIGRAVIDAE AB Pregnant women are at an increased risk for malarial infection. Plasmodium falciparum accumulates in the placenta and is associated with dysregulated immune function and poor birth outcomes. Malarial pigment (hemozoin) also accumulates in the placenta and may modulate local immune function. In this study, the impact of hemozoin on cytokine production by intervillous blood mononuclear cells from malaria-infected placentas was investigated. There was a dose-dependent, suppressive effect of hemozoin on production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), with less of an effect on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10, in human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative (HIV-) women. In contrast, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production tended to increase in HIV-seropositive women with increasing hemozoin levels. Production patterns of cytokines, especially IFN-gamma in HIV- women, followed different trends as a function of parasite density and hemozoin level. The findings suggest that the influences of hemozoin accumulation and high-density parasitemia on placental cytokine production are not equivalent and may involve different mechanisms, all of which may operate differently in the context of HIV infection. Cytokine production dysregulated by accumulation of hemozoin or high-density parasitemia may induce pathology and impair protective immunity in HIV-infected and -uninfected women. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, CDCP, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. New Nyanza Prov Gen Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, Roll Back Malaria Program, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Moore, JM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM julmoore@vet.uga.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW005884]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI051305, R01 AI 50240, R01 AI 51305, R01 AI050240] NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 72 IS 12 BP 7022 EP 7029 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.12.7022-7029.2004 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 875WW UT WOS:000225453900031 PM 15557625 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, A McDonald, LC Jernigan, D Helfand, R Ginsheimer, K Jernigan, J Chiarello, L Chinn, R Parashar, U Anderson, L Cardo, D Keifer, M Pearson, M Bentley, J Steinberg, J Woeltje, K Koppaka, R Van Beneden, C Weinstein, R AF Srinivasan, A McDonald, LC Jernigan, D Helfand, R Ginsheimer, K Jernigan, J Chiarello, L Chinn, R Parashar, U Anderson, L Cardo, D Keifer, M Pearson, M Bentley, J Steinberg, J Woeltje, K Koppaka, R Van Beneden, C Weinstein, R CA SARS Healthcare TI Foundations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome preparedness and response plan for healthcare facilities SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARS TRANSMISSION; HOSPITAL WORKERS; HONG-KONG; TORONTO; OUTBREAK AB OBJECTIVE: To help facilities prepare for potential future cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), assisted by members of professional societies representing public health, healthcare workers, and healthcare administrators, developed guidance to help facilities both prepare for and respond to cases of SARS. INTERVENTIONS: The recommendations in the CDC document were based on some of the important lessons learned in healthcare settings around the world during the SARS outbreak of 2003, including that (1) a SARS outbreak requires a coordinated and dynamic response by multiple groups; (2) unrecognized cases of SARS-associated coronavirus are a significant source of transmission; (3) restricting access to the healthcare facility can minimize transmission; (4) airborne infection isolation is recommended, but facilities and equipment may not be available; and (5) staffing needs and support will pose a significant challenge. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare facilities were at the center of the SARS outbreak of 2003 and played a key role in controlling the epidemic. Recommendations in the CDC's SARS preparedness and response guidance for healthcare facilities will help facilities prepare for possible future outbreaks of SARS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Maine Bur Hlth, Augusta, ME USA. Sharp Mem Hosp & Rehabil Ctr, San Diego, CA 90034 USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1020 EP 1025 DI 10.1086/502338 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 879NS UT WOS:000225725100004 PM 15636287 ER PT J AU Kline, S Cameron, S Streifel, A Yakrus, MA Kairis, F Peacock, K Besser, J Cooksey, RC AF Kline, S Cameron, S Streifel, A Yakrus, MA Kairis, F Peacock, K Besser, J Cooksey, RC TI An outbreak of bacteremias associated with Mycobacterium mucogenicum in a hospital water supply SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP SHEA ID NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; INFECTION; PATIENT AB OBJECTIVE: To investigate and determine the cause of an outbreak of Mycobacterium mucogenicum bacteremias in bone marrow transplant (BMT) and oncology patients. DESIGN: Case-control study and culturing of hospital water sources. Isolates were typed using molecular methods. SETTING: University-affiliated, tertiary-care medical center. PATIENTS: Case-patients were adult and pediatric BMT patients or hematopoietic stem cell transplant (BMT) (n = 5) and oncology (n = 1) patients who were diagnosed as having M. mucogenicum bacteremia during the study period of August through November 1998. Two control-patients were selected for each case-patient matched by age, time of hospitalization, inpatient unit, and type of patient (BMT or oncology). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between case-patients and control-patients regarding intravenous products received or procedures performed, frequency of bathing, neutropenia, or steroid use. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were isolated from several water sources at the medical center including tap water from sinks and showerheads, the hospital hot water source, and the city water supply to the hospital. Analysis by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA showed a match between one patient's blood isolate and an isolate from shower water from that patient's prior hospital room. CONCLUSIONS: The cause of the outbreak seemed to be water contamination of central venous catheters (CVCs) during bathing. A recommendation in early 2001 that CVCs be protected from water during bathing was followed by no M. mucogenicum bacteremias during the second half of 2001, only one in 2002, and none at all during 2003. C1 Fairview Univ, Ctr Med, Infect Control Dept, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Environm Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Mycobacteriol Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Water Bacteriol Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Microbiol Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Kline, S (reprint author), Mayo Mail Code 250,420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 18 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1042 EP 1049 DI 10.1086/502341 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 879NS UT WOS:000225725100007 PM 15636290 ER PT J AU Rayner, JC Huber, CS Feldman, D Ingravallo, P Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW AF Rayner, Julian C. Huber, Curtis S. Feldman, Dmitry Ingravallo, Paul Galinski, Mary R. Barnwell, John W. TI Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein PvMSP-3 beta is radically polymorphic through mutation and large insertions and deletions SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium vivax; Malaria; Vaccine; Merozoite surface protein; DNA slippage; Recombination; Genotypes; Diversity; Indels AB Plasmodium vivax causes the majority of malaria outside of sub-Saharan Africa and is an important burden for affected countries. The recent spread of drug-resistant P. vivax strains in these countries has led to renewed pressure for the development of a P. vivax vaccine. The complex life cycle of P. vivax presents many potential vaccine targets, but among the most promising candidates are subunits of the surface coat that surrounds the merozoite, the parasite stage that infects erythrocytes and initiates much of the pathology of malaria. Although the genes for several constituents of the P. vivax surface coat have now been cloned and sequenced, little is known about the extent to which these proteins vary between populations, an important consideration in vaccine development. The merozoite surface protein MSP-3 beta is a member of a family of related merozoite surface proteins, all of which contain a central alanine-rich domain that is predicted to form a coiled-coil tertiary structure. We have sequenced the PvMSP-3 beta gene from P. vivax isolates originating in Central and South America, Asia and the Pacific. In this first assessment of PvMSP-3 beta variation between populations, we discovered widespread and significant diversity, mostly within the alanine-rich central region. We observed frequent differences in PvMSP-3 beta gene size, caused by the insertion and/or deletion of several large sequence blocks, as well as numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms and smaller scale insertions and deletions. Despite this high level of sequence diversity, certain physical properties of the encoded protein are maintained, particularly the ability to form coiled-coil tertiary structures, suggesting that although PvMSP-3 beta varies widely, it is under functional constraints. The implications for PvMSP-3 beta function and vaccine development are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rayner, Julian C.; Huber, Curtis S.; Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Feldman, Dmitry; Ingravallo, Paul] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Galinski, Mary R.] Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Div Infect Dis,Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Barnwell, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM wzb3@cdc.gov FU American Society of Microbiology; National Institutes of Health [AI 24710-17]; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX J.C.R. was supported by the American Society of Microbiology as an American Society of Microbiology/National Center for Infectious Diseases Postdoctoral Research Fellow. This research was supported by grant number AI 24710-17 from the National Institutes of Health and by the National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 309 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2004.03.003 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V30OV UT WOS:000208826200003 PM 15374528 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG Harper, SA AF Whitney, CG Harper, SA TI Lower respiratory tract infections: prevention using vaccines SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; LONG-TERM-CARE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INFLUENZA-VIRUS VACCINE; HIGH-RISK ADULTS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS AB Although there are myriad causes of lower respiratory tract infections, vaccines are available to prevent two of the most common and most deadly: pneumococcal disease and influenza. The vaccines are recommended for older adults and for younger persons with certain high-risk medical conditions. In addition, health care workers and others caring for high-risk persons should receive influenza vaccine. Although both vaccines are effective and cost-effective, they are under-used. Increasing vaccine use, through standing orders and other methods, is a public health priority. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Grp, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Grp, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cwhitney@cdc.gov NR 84 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 899 EP + DI 10.1016/j.idc.2004.07.008 PG 20 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 879SF UT WOS:000225738500011 PM 15555831 ER PT J AU Heinen, M McGee, KS Warner, M AF Heinen, M McGee, KS Warner, M TI Injury questions on household surveys from around the world SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB Household surveys provide useful information on injury and associated risk factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. WHO, Div Injuries & Violence Prevent, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP McGee, KS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, 137 E Franklin St,CB 7505, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ksmcgee@email.unc.edu NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 327 EP 329 DI 10.1136/ip.2004.005991 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 877FB UT WOS:000225552100004 PM 15583251 ER PT J AU Brault, AC Foy, BD Myles, KM Kelly, CLH Higgs, S Weaver, SC Olson, KE Miller, BR Powers, AM AF Brault, AC Foy, BD Myles, KM Kelly, CLH Higgs, S Weaver, SC Olson, KE Miller, BR Powers, AM TI Infection patterns of o'nyong nyong virus in the malaria-transmitting mosquito, Anopheles gambiae SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE o'nyong nyong virus; Anopheles gambiae; alphavirus; expression system ID EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; SOUTH-CENTRAL UGANDA; CULEX MELANOCONION TAENIOPUS; RECOMBINANT SINDBIS VIRUS; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; LA CROSSE VIRUS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS; GERMLINE TRANSFORMATION; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS AB Arthropod-borne alphaviruses transmitted by mosquitoes almost exclusively use culicines; however, the alphavirus o'nyong-nyong (ONNV) has the unusual characteristic of being transmitted primarily by anopheline mosquitoes. This unusual attribute makes ONNV a valuable tool in the characterization of mosquito determinants of infection as well as a useful expression system in Anopheles species. We developed a series of recombinant alphaviruses, based upon the genome of ONNV, designed for the expression of heterologous genes. The backbone genome is a full-length infectious cDNA clone of ONNV from which wild-type virus can be rescued. Additional constructs are variants of the primary clone and contain the complete genome plus a duplicated subgenomic promoter element with a multiple cloning site for insertion of heterologous genes. We inserted a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene downstream of this promoter and used it to characterize infection and dissemination patterns of ONNV within An. gambiae mosquitoes. These experiments allowed us to identify atypical sites of initial infection and dissemination patterns in this mosquito species not frequently observed in comparable culicine infections. The utility of these ONNVs for studies in anopheline mosquitoes includes the potential for identification of vector infection determinants and to serve as tools for antimalaria studies. Viruses that can express a heterologous gene in a vector and rapidly and efficiently infect numerous tissues in An. gambiae mosquitoes will be a valuable asset in parasite-mosquito interaction and interference research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Powers, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM APowers@cdc.gov RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011; Foy, Brian/E-6230-2017 OI Foy, Brian/0000-0002-9117-203X FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI046435, R01 AI046435-02, R01 AI046435-03, R01 AI046435-04A1, R01 AI46435, R01 AI47877] NR 55 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 625 EP 635 DI 10.1111/j.0962-1075.2004.00521.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 876HS UT WOS:000225488000007 PM 15606811 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Sternberg, MR Markowitz, LE Blythe, MJ Kissinger, P Lafferty, WE Groseclose, SL Levine, WC AF Kohl, KS Sternberg, MR Markowitz, LE Blythe, MJ Kissinger, P Lafferty, WE Groseclose, SL Levine, WC TI Screening of males for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections at STD clinics in three US cities - Indianapolis, New Orleans, Seattle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Chlamydia trachomatis; male screening; STD clinics; US ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; MALE-ADOLESCENTS; URINE SPECIMENS; CONDOM USE; MEN; TRANSMISSION; URETHRITIS; PREVENTION AB We assessed prevalence and risk factor data for men routinely screened for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in STD clinics in four US cities from May 1995-March 1999. Data were analysed separately for 'test-visits' (self-reported symptoms, clinical signs or sexual contact to an STD) and 'screen-visits' (STD screen only) for 32,595 men with 45,390 visits. Among test-visits in Seattle, Indianapolis and New Orleans, 8.7% (807/9285), 15.3% (1305/8519), and 10.1% (1551/15,296) of men were positive for C. trachomatis, and 10.2% (773/7543), 24.9% (2108/8478), and 30.4% (4746/15,629) for N. gonorrhoeae. Among screen-visits, 2.1% (88/4103), 7.3% (130/1790), and 5.6% (292/5183) of men were positive for C. trachomatis, and 1.8% (46/2576), 1.7% (31/1786), and 5.2% (274/5235) for N. gonorrhoeae. Positivity for screen-visits was particularly high among young men (15-24 years), and those reporting >1 sex partner in the past 60 days. Substantial variation among sites in positivity warrants local determination of prevalence and risk factors to inform screening strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA USA. EM kkohl@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD DEC PY 2004 VL 15 IS 12 BP 822 EP 828 DI 10.1258/0956462042563738 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 882UM UT WOS:000225964000009 PM 15601489 ER PT J AU Mbu, RE Mbopi-Keou, FX Alemdji, G Nkengasong, JN Meli, C Eteki, N Nana, PN Ako, SN Tonye, RN Leke, RJ AF Mbu, RE Mbopi-Keou, FX Alemdji, G Nkengasong, JN Meli, C Eteki, N Nana, PN Ako, SN Tonye, RN Leke, RJ TI Reduction of materno-fetal transmission of HIV by improved delivery techniques combined with nevirapine treatment in women attending two family planning clinics in Yaounde, Cameroon SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Letter ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; AFRICA; TRIAL C1 Univ Yaounde 1, Fac Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Yaounde, Cameroon. Cent Hosp, Yaounde, Cameroon. Inst Dev Africa, Yaounde, Cameroon. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mbopi-Keou, FX (reprint author), Univ Yaounde 1, Fac Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, POB 1206, Yaounde, Cameroon. EM fxmkeou@hotmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD DEC PY 2004 VL 15 IS 12 BP 848 EP 849 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 882UM UT WOS:000225964000025 PM 15601503 ER PT J AU Shih, S Scholle, S Irwin, K Tao, G Walsh, C Tun, W AF Shih, S Scholle, S Irwin, K Tao, G Walsh, C Tun, W TI Chlamydia screening among sexually active young female enrollees of health plans - United States, 1999-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 983-985, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID WOMEN C1 Natl Comm Qual Assurance, Washington, DC USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Std Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shih, S (reprint author), Natl Comm Qual Assurance, Washington, DC USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 21 BP 2569 EP 2570 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 875GU UT WOS:000225409100006 ER PT J AU Nesheim, S Dennis, R Grimes, V Shouse, RL Dominguez, K Ali, Z Beck-Sague, CM Asamoa, K AF Nesheim, S Dennis, R Grimes, V Shouse, RL Dominguez, K Ali, Z Beck-Sague, CM Asamoa, K TI Assessment of increase in perinatal exposure to HIV among Hispanics - 20 counties, Georgia, 1994-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 944-946, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia State Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nesheim, S (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 21 BP 2570 EP 2572 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 875GU UT WOS:000225409100007 ER PT J AU Tan, RL Powell, KE Lindemer, KM Clay, MM Davidson, SC AF Tan, RL Powell, KE Lindemer, KM Clay, MM Davidson, SC TI Sensitivities of three county health department surveillance systems for child-related dog bites: 261 cases (2000) SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objectives-To determine incidence of child-related dog bites and sensitivities of 3 county health department dog-bite surveillance systems. Design-Retrospective study. Study Population-Child-related dog-bite data obtained from surveillance systems of 3 counties in Georgia in the year 2000. Procedure-To characterize the sensitivity of health department dog-bite surveillance systems, 9 other potential sources of dog-bite records that matched records by victim name, age, gender, and incident date were evaluated, The number of reported bites and the most productive sources for identifying additional cases were determined. The Chandra Sekar-Deming capture-recapture method was used to estimate the number of unreported bites, and estimates of dog-bite incidence rates were made. Results-40, 36, and 185 dog bites were reported in the 3 counties, respectively. Capture-recapture calculations estimated an additional 9, 5, and 128 dog bites in these counties, respectively. Local health departments recorded 45.5% to 82.5% of dog bites. Local hospital emergency departments, police departments, and a rabies-testing laboratory received additional reports. Among these data sources, local hospital emergency department records were the best source for identifying additional cases. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Dog bites are a preventable cause of childhood injuries, and surveillance is a critical tool for tracking childhood dog bites in the community. Counties should use combined data from local health departments, local hospital emergency departments, and police departments to implement or revise dog-bite prevention programs. C1 Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tan, RL (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 225 IS 11 BP 1680 EP 1683 DI 10.2460/javma.2004.225.1680 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 878HT UT WOS:000225638200016 PM 15626217 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, A Marak, R Sakhuja, V Gupta, S Padhye, AA AF Chakrabarti, A Marak, R Sakhuja, V Gupta, S Padhye, AA TI Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycotic infection in a renal transplant recipient caused by Exophiala jeanselmei: A case report and review of the literature SO JOURNAL DE MYCOLOGIE MEDICALE LA French DT Article ID PATIENT AB We present the first Indian case of subcutaneous, opportunistic, phaeohyphomycotic infection in a 53-year-old female renal transplant recipient caused by Exophiala jeanselmei. The diagnosis was established by direct KOH examination of the debrided necrotic tissue and isolation of the causal agent in pure Culture. Before antifungal therapy Could be initiated, the patient had seizures and died of refractory shock. C1 Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Med Microbiol, Chandigarh 160012, India. Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Nephrol, Chandigarh 160012, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chakrabarti, A (reprint author), Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Med Microbiol, Chandigarh 160012, India. EM chakrab@sancharnet.in NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9 PA 21 STREET CAMILLE DESMOULINS, ISSY, 92789 MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9, FRANCE SN 1156-5233 J9 J MYCOL MED JI J. Mycol. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 206 EP 209 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 886PB UT WOS:000226239700006 ER PT J AU Kirby, DB Baumler, E Coyle, KK Basen-Engquist, K Parcel, GS Harrist, R Banspach, SW AF Kirby, DB Baumler, E Coyle, KK Basen-Engquist, K Parcel, GS Harrist, R Banspach, SW TI The "'Safer choices" intervention: Its impact on the sexual behaviors of different subgroups of high school students SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE sex and HIV education; teen HIV/STD and pregnancy prevention; sexual behavior; gender differences; racial/ethnic differences ID AIDS-PREVENTION PROGRAM; RISK; HIV; ADOLESCENTS; TRIAL; PREGNANCY AB Purpose: To measure the relative impact of a schoolbased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-, sexually transmitted disease (STD)-, and pregnancy-prevention intervention on sexual risk-taking behaviors of different subgroups of students. Methods: Twenty schools were randomly assigned to receive Safer Choices or a standard knowledge-based HIV-education program. Safer Choices was designed to reduce unprotected sex by delaying initiation of sex, reducing its frequency, or increasing condom use. Its five components included: school organization, an intensive curriculum with staff development, peer resources and school environment, parent education, and school-community linkages. A total of 3869 9th-grade students were tracked for 31 months. Results are presented for initiation of sex, frequency of unprotected sex, number of unprotected sexual partners, condom use, and contraceptive use. These results are presented separately by gender, race/ethnicity, prior sexual experience, and prior sexual risk-taking. Statistical analyses included multilevel, repeated measures logistic and Poisson regression models. Results: Safer Choices had one or more positive behavioral effects on all subgroups. On four outcomes that could be affected by condom use, it had a greater impact on males than on females. It had greater effects on Hispanics, including a delay in sexual activity, than on other racial/ethnic groups. Its greatest overall effect was an increase in condom use among students who had engaged in unprotected sex before the intervention. Conclusions: Safer Choices reduced one or more measures of sexual risk taking over 31 months among all groups of youth, and was especially effective with males, Hispanics, and youth who engaged in unprotected sex and thus were at higher risk for HIV, other STD infections and pregnancy. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2004. C1 ETR Associates, Dept Res, Scotts Valley, CA 95066 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Promot Res & Dev, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kirby, DB (reprint author), ETR Associates, Dept Res, 4 Carbonero Way, Scotts Valley, CA 95066 USA. EM dougk@etr.org NR 17 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 442 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.02.006 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 877WJ UT WOS:000225605200007 PM 15581523 ER PT J AU Watson, CH Trommel, JS Ashley, DL AF Watson, CH Trommel, JS Ashley, DL TI Solid-phase microextraction-based approach to determine free-base nicotine in trapped mainstream cigarette smoke total particulate matter SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE free-base nicotine; mainstream cigarette smoke; particulate matter; tobacco; addictive; smoking machine; SPME ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TOBACCO-SMOKE; ORAL-MUCOSA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ABSORPTION; VOLATILE; BLOOD; SPME AB Characterizing nicotine delivery from tobacco products is important in the understanding of their addictive potential. Most previous studies report total nicotine and have not differentiated between nicotine in its protonated or free-base form. Rather than simply determining total nicotine, the method described in this paper determines the amount of free-base nicotine associated with trapped mainstream smoke particulate matter generated using a standardized smoking machine protocol. This method quantitatively determines volatile free-base nicotine associated with the particulate phase portion of mainstream cigarette smoke using solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The headspace above total particulate matter from mainstream cigarette smoke trapped on a Cambridge filter pad (CFP) was analyzed for free-base nicotine in 26 cigarette brands. The selected cigarette brands were chosen to cover a wide range of tar and nicotine deliveries as measured under Federal Trade Commission machine smoking conditions. In the CFP's headspace the free-base nicotine levels ranged from 0.01 to 0.08 mg/cigarette. The measured ranges of free-base nicotine were remarkably similar over the different tar and nicotine delivery categories of full-flavored, light, and ultralight cigarette brands. C1 CDCP, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watson, CH (reprint author), CDCP, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Mailstop F-47,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cwatson@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 24 BP 7240 EP 7245 DI 10.1021/jf049455o PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 874OE UT WOS:000225358900008 PM 15563201 ER PT J AU Kashon, ML Ross, GW O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB Petrovitch, H Burchfiel, CM Sharp, DS Markesbery, WR Davis, DG Hardman, J Nelson, J White, LR AF Kashon, ML Ross, GW O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB Petrovitch, H Burchfiel, CM Sharp, DS Markesbery, WR Davis, DG Hardman, J Nelson, J White, LR TI Association's of cortical astrogliosis with cognitive performance and dementia status SO JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE astrogliosis; GFAP; cognitive performance; dementia; Alzheimer's disease; neurotic plaque; neurofibrillary tangle ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; INDUCED NEURONAL DAMAGE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; NEUROPATHOLOGIC CRITERIA; QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS; SENILE DEMENTIA; NITRIC-OXIDE; RAT-BRAIN; ASTROCYTES AB We examined 204 decedents of the autopsy component of the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, a longitudinal cohort study, who had been clinically assessed for dementia. A sensitive ELISA technique was used to quantify glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker for astrogliosis in four specifics cortical brain regions and assess associations between GFAP and 1) a measure of cognitive function, 2) several clinical dementia conditions, and 3) neuritic plaque (NP) and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation. Cognitive function was inversely associated with GFAP in the occipital, parietal and temporal lobes, but not in the frontal lobe. This relationship remained significant when the; contribution of NP and NFT counts was removed. Further, compared to brain samples from non-demented individuals, significantly greater GFAP levels were found in samples from individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, mixed dementia, and vascular mediated dementia. Because elevated levels of GFAP reflect astroglial responses to even subtle forms of neural damage, our data indicate that increments in GFAP may provide independent, supporting evidence for the damage underlying dementia, even in the absence of other evidence of neuropathology such as the presence of NPs or NFTs. Our findings underscore the need to look beyond standard neuropathological measures putatively linked to specific neuropathological conditions in efforts to identify common cellular and molecular processes that contribute to dementia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effect Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Med, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. Kuakini Med Ctr, Honolulu Asia Aging Study, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Pathol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Kentucky, Sanders Brown Ctr Aging, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Kashon, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effect Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM mkashon@cdc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-05102]; NIA NIH HHS [AG P50-05144, N01-AG-4-2149] NR 63 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2877 J9 J ALZHEIMERS DIS JI J. Alzheimers Dis. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 6 IS 6 BP 595 EP 604 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 897QW UT WOS:000227020700004 PM 15665400 ER PT J AU Byrne, CA Arias, I AF Byrne, CA Arias, I TI Predicting women's intentions to leave abusive relationships: An application of the theory of planned behavior SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONFLICT-TACTICS-SCALES; BATTERED WOMEN; DECISION; VIOLENCE; MODEL; DEPENDENCE; EFFICACY; TRAUMA; STAY; WIFE AB A theoretically derived decision-making model was applied to predict women's intentions to remain in or to terminate physically abusive relationships with male partners. Participants were 48 women residing in a shelter for battered women who responded to questionnaires assessing the components of the theory of planned behavior. Data provided support for the model. Specifically, women were found to have greater intentions to leave the relationships if they held positive attitudes toward leaving and believed they were in control of leaving the relationship. Normative beliefs were not predictive of intentions to leave. Empirically based suggestions for increasing the effectiveness of interventions are discussed. C1 Western Washington Univ, Dept Psychol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Byrne, CA (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Psychol, 516 High St, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM christina.byrne@wwu.edu NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0021-9029 J9 J APPL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2586 EP 2601 DI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb01993.x PG 16 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 893RS UT WOS:000226737500009 ER PT J AU Zhang, YS Yakrus, MA Graviss, EA Williams-Bouyer, N Turenne, C Kabani, A Wallace, RJ AF Zhang, YS Yakrus, MA Graviss, EA Williams-Bouyer, N Turenne, C Kabani, A Wallace, RJ TI Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis study of Mycobacterium abscessus isolates previously affected by DNA degradation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT PATTERNS; STREPTOMYCES-LIVIDANS DNA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; GENE HSP65; SUBSPECIFIC DIFFERENTIATION; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAKS; STRAINS; PCR AB DNA degradation (which results in a smear pattern) occurs with almost 50% of Mycobacterium abscessus strains during pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). We assessed the potential benefit of using thiourea-containing buffer with M. abscessus by studying 69 isolates not previously typeable by PFGE (i.e., those with a smear pattern). Random (epidemiologically unrelated) isolates that were typeable (no smear pattern) were included as controls. Genomic DNA was digested with DraI, XbaI, and AseI. PFGE gels were run in regular gel buffer with and without 100 muM thiourea. All 69 isolates that generated smear patterns had clear band profiles when the thiourea buffer was used. These isolates were divided into only 30 patterns with DraI, 20 patterns with XbaI, and 20 patterns with AseI. The molecular profiles were all closely or possibly related, and the differences between the isolates ranged from zero to six bands. By multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), 45 of 53 smear isolates (85%) belonged to two closely related electrophoretic types. These isolates contained at least one enzyme allele seen almost exclusively in this group. Isolates without smear patterns were unaffected by thiourea and produced unrelated PFGE profiles, as well as multiple MEE types. The hsp65 and 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates with smear patterns were identical to those of M. abscessus type strain ATCC 19977, which had a nonsmear pattern, suggesting that this clone is a subgroup within M. abscessus. This demonstrates that the inability to type M. abscessus by PFGE is associated with a single clone of organisms. C1 Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Hlth Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Natl Ref Ctr Mycobacteriol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Zhang, YS (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. EM yansheng.zhang@uthct.edu NR 28 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 42 IS 12 BP 5582 EP 5587 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5582-5587.2004 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 883SK UT WOS:000226035800024 PM 15583285 ER PT J AU Sauerbrei, A Rubtcova, E Wutzler, P Schmid, DS Loparev, VN AF Sauerbrei, A Rubtcova, E Wutzler, P Schmid, DS Loparev, VN TI Genetic profile of an Oka varicella vaccine virus variant isolated from an infant with zoster SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WILD-TYPE STRAINS; READING FRAME 62; TRANSACTIVATION ACTIVITY; PARENTAL VIRUS; HERPES-ZOSTER; DNA-SEQUENCE; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; CELLS; CHILD AB Varicella virus vaccine strain Oka (V-Oka) has in rare cases caused zoster in vaccinated people. Despite broad usage of V-Oka, little is known about varicella-zoster virus genomic sequence variation of strains in vaccine and isolates from patients with vaccine adverse events. Direct sequencing of 20 regions of V-Oka-GSK was compared to the sequences of the original V-Oka-Biken, GlaxoSmithKline Oka vaccine (V-Oka-GSK), and Oka-parental (P-Oka) strains. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) differentiating the Oka parental and Oka vaccine strains identified in open reading frames (ORFs) 6, 9A, 10, 21, 31, 39, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, and 59 and eight base substitutions within ORF 62. Sixteen of these SNP impose an amino acid change in the corresponding gene product. The genotypic analysis revealed that (i) both V-Oka-GSK and V-Oka-Biken comprise mixtures of strains represented in variable proportion from lot to lot; (ii) V-Oka-GSK/zoster isolated from the zoster patient had six wild-type SNP in ORF 9A, 10, 21, 52, 55, and 62 (mutation 108838); (iii) none of the six revertant SNP would reliably discriminate Oka vaccine from the wild type; and (iv) the genomic variation found in V-Oka/zoster might be associated with changes in the biological behavior of the virus. Further studies will be needed to identify potential virulence factors in variant vaccine strains. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl VZV Lab, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Jena, Inst Virol & Antiviral Therapy, D-6900 Jena, Germany. RP Loparev, VN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl VZV Lab, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vn10@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 42 IS 12 BP 5604 EP 5608 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5604-5608.2004 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 883SK UT WOS:000226035800027 PM 15583288 ER PT J AU Wallace, RJ Brown-Elliott, BA Wilson, RW Mann, L Hall, L Zhang, YS Jost, KC Brown, JM Kabani, A Schinsky, MF Steigerwalt, AG Crist, CJ Roberts, GD Blacklock, Z Tsukamura, M Silcox, V Turenne, C AF Wallace, RJ Brown-Elliott, BA Wilson, RW Mann, L Hall, L Zhang, YS Jost, KC Brown, JM Kabani, A Schinsky, MF Steigerwalt, AG Crist, CJ Roberts, GD Blacklock, Z Tsukamura, M Silcox, V Turenne, C TI Clinical and laboratory features of Mycobactetium porcinum SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; 3RD BIOVARIANT COMPLEX; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; SP-NOV; FORTUITUM COMPLEX; AUGMENTATION MAMMAPLASTY; WOUND INFECTIONS; BETA-LACTAMASES; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANISMS AB Recent molecular studies have shown Mycobacterium porcinum, recovered from cases of lymphadenitis in swine, to have complete 16S rDNA sequence identity and >70% DNA-DNA homology with human isolates within the M. fortuitum third biovariant complex. We identified 67 clinical and two environmental isolates of the M. fortuitum third biovariant sorbitol-negative group, of which 48 (70%) had the same PCR restriction enzyme analysis (PRA) profile as the hsp65 gene of M. porcinum (ATCC 33776(T)) and were studied in more detail. Most U.S. patient isolates were from Texas (44%), Florida (19%), or other southern coastal states (15%). Clinical infections included wound infections (62%), central catheter infections and/or bacteremia (16%), and possible pneumonitis (18%). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (1,463 bp) showed 100% identity with M. T porcinum ATCC 33776(T). Sequencing of 441 bp of the hsp65 gene showed four sequevars that differed by 2 to 3 bp from the porcine strains. Clinical isolates were positive for arylsulfatase activity at 3 days, nitrate, iron uptake, D-mannitol, i-myo-inositol, and catalase at 68degreesC. They were negative for L-rhamnose and D-glucitol (sorbitol). Clinical isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and linezolid and susceptible or intermediate to cefoxitin, clarithromycin, imipenem, and amikacin. M. porcinum ATCC 33776(T) gave similar results except for being nitrate negative. These studies showed almost complete phenotypic and molecular identity between clinical isolates of the M. fortuitum third biovariant D-sorbitol-negative group and porcine strains of M. porcinum and confirmed that they belong to the same species. Identification of M. porcinum presently requires hsp65 gene PRA or 16S rRNA or hsp65 gene sequencing. C1 Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Mycobacteria Nocardia Res Lab, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Natl Reference Ctr Mycobacterial, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Queensland State Lab, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Natl Chubu Hosp, Aichi, Japan. RP Wallace, RJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Mycobacteria Nocardia Res Lab, 11937 U-S Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. EM richard.wallace@uthct.edu NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 42 IS 12 BP 5689 EP 5697 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5689-5697.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 883SK UT WOS:000226035800039 PM 15583300 ER PT J AU Dayan, GH Panero, MS Debbag, R Urquiza, A Molina, M Prieto, S Perego, MD Scagliotti, G Galimberti, D Carroli, G Wolff, C Schmid, DS Loparev, V Guris, D Seward, J AF Dayan, GH Panero, MS Debbag, R Urquiza, A Molina, M Prieto, S Perego, MD Scagliotti, G Galimberti, D Carroli, G Wolff, C Schmid, DS Loparev, V Guris, D Seward, J TI Varicella seroprevalence and molecular epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus in Argentina, 2002 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION; INFECTIONS; VACCINE; RISK; AGE; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COMPLICATIONS; ADOLESCENTS; ANTIBODIES AB There is limited data on immunity against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in adults in different parts of Argentina, and it is not known which VZV strains are circulating in Argentina. The objectives of this study were as follows: (i) to evaluate seroprevalence of varicella among adults, assessing the accuracy of clinical history and determining the sociodemographic factors associated with seropositivity; and (ii) to determine the VZV strains circulating in Argentina. A cross-sectional serological survey enrolling 2,807 women aged 15 to 49 years attending public health-care settings in four cities in Argentina (i.e., Buenos Aires, Salta, Mendoza, and Rosario) and one rural area was conducted from August to November 2002. Specimens for identification of VZV strains were obtained from vesicular lesions from 13 pediatric patients with varicella from different areas of the country. PCR amplification was used for genotyping. The overall seroprevalence of varicella antibodies was 98.5% (95% confidence interval, 98.0 to 98.9), ranging from 97.2% in central Buenos Aires to 99.3% in southern Buenos Aires and Salta. Varicella seroprevalence increased with age. Crowding and length of residence in the same place were associated with seropositivity. The positive predictive value of varicella history for immunity to varicella was 99.4%; however, the negative predictive value was 2.5%. The European genotype was identified in all viral specimens. In Argentina, seroprevalence in women more than 15 years old was high regardless of the area of residence. Negative or uncertain varicella history was not a good predictor of immunity. VZV genotype was stable in all areas of the country. C1 CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Vigi A Program, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Garrahan Hosp, Fdn Ctr Estudios Infectol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Sarda Matern Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Pirovano Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Alvarez Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Direct Primary Care, Salta, Argentina. Lagomaggiore Hosp, Mendoza, Argentina. Scaravelli Hosp, Mendoza, Argentina. Martin Matern Hosp, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. RP Dayan, GH (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gdayan@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 42 IS 12 BP 5698 EP 5704 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5698-5704.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 883SK UT WOS:000226035800040 PM 15583301 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, JH Crawford, SA McElmeel, LM Whitney, CG AF Jorgensen, JH Crawford, SA McElmeel, LM Whitney, CG TI Detection of resistance to gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae with the VITEK 2 instrument SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; UNITED-STATES; ADULTS; FLUOROQUINOLONES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT AB A group of 72 pneumococcal isolates resistant or intermediate to levofloxacin and 124 pneumococcal isolates susceptible to fluoroquinolones were tested by the VITEK 2 instrument using investigational test cards and by a broth microdilution reference method. The VITEK 2 instrument performed well, detecting 52 of 60 (86.7%) gatifloxacin-resistant isolates and 22 of 23 moxiffoxacin-resistant isolates, and did not falsely classify any susceptible isolates as resistant. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jorgensen, JH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM jorgensen@uthscsa.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 42 IS 12 BP 5928 EP 5930 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5928-5930.2004 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 883SK UT WOS:000226035800083 PM 15583344 ER PT J AU Ledermann, JP Suchman, EL Black, WC Carlson, JO AF Ledermann, JP Suchman, EL Black, WC Carlson, JO TI Infection and pathogenicity of the mosquito densoviruses AeDNV, HeDNV, and APeDNV in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; mosquito; densovirus; pathogenicity; biological control ID ALBOPICTUS PARVOVIRUS; DENSONUCLEOSIS; VIRUS AB These studies compared three genetically distinct mosquito densoviruses Aedes Aegypti (AeDNV), Hemagogus equinus (HeDNV), and Aedes Peruvian (APeDNV) densoviruses in a laboratory investigation to begin to evaluate their potential as mosquito control agents. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for quantification of viral genomes and a standardized mosquito infection protocol were developed. Mortality associated with exposure to AeDNV increased ill a dose-dependent manner, with the maximum mortality of 75.1% occurring in those organisms exposed to the highest dose of virus. The majority of death occurred as larvae. Similar results were observed with AeDNV produced from ground larvae and AeDNV produced from cell culture. Exposure of mosquitoes to HeDNV and APeDNV resulted in lower mortality, with values peaking at 33.5% for HeDNV and 27.8% for APeDNV. AeDNV-exposcd larvae develop at a slower rate than nonexposed and HeDNV- and APeDNV-exposed larvae. Decreased virulence does not reflect a decrease in virus replication. PCR analysis of infectivity rates and titers in adults revealed reproduction of all three viruses, with all average viral titer of approximate to10 logs/mosquito after exposure to the highest dose of each virus. Accumulation of virus in the larval-rearing water was also observed with values approaching 10-11 logs/ml for each virus. These data indicate that there are dramatic differences in the pathogenicity among mosquito densoviruses. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ledermann, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM jledermann@cdc.gov RI Suchman, Erica/D-8407-2017 OI Suchman, Erica/0000-0003-1322-9595 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI47139] NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1828 EP 1835 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881ZJ UT WOS:000225907800007 PM 15666733 ER PT J AU Otto, CS AF Otto, CS TI Dear NEHA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, NCEH Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Otto, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, NCEH Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2004 VL 67 IS 5 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 873UP UT WOS:000225306900002 PM 15628189 ER PT J AU Ruckart, PZ Orr, MF Kaye, WE AF Ruckart, PZ Orr, MF Kaye, WE TI Hazardous-chemical releases in the home SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS; CHILDREN; CENTERS AB Data from the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system were analyzed for the period 1996-2001 to describe the chemicals, causal factors, temporal patterns, types of adverse health effects, and public health actions (e.g., an evacuation) associated with releases of hazardous chemicals in the home. HSEES is an active multistate Web-based surveillance system maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. A total of 659 events, 352 injured persons, and nine fatalities resulting from hazardous-substance releases in homes were reported. While the majority of victims were members of the general public, some responders were injured. Dizziness/central-nervous-system symptoms were the most frequently experienced adverse health effects. The most frequently released chemicals are found in common household products. Human error was a factor in the majority of the releases. Efforts to educate the general public about the potential hazards of chemicals found in common household products are recommended. In addition, the HSEES system will continue its efforts to partner with other notification sources to capture these events and conduct prevention outreach. C1 ATSDR, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ruckart, PZ (reprint author), ATSDR, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afp4@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2004 VL 67 IS 5 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 873UP UT WOS:000225306900004 PM 15628191 ER PT J AU Bischoff, TA Kelley, CJ Karchesy, Y Laurantos, M Nguyen-Dinh, P Arefi, AG AF Bischoff, TA Kelley, CJ Karchesy, Y Laurantos, M Nguyen-Dinh, P Arefi, AG TI Antimalarial activity of Lactucin and Lactucopicrin: sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Cichorium intybus L. SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cichorium intybus; lactucin; lactucopicrin; antimalarial; plasmodium ID VACUUM LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; MIXTURES AB Folklore reports from Afghanistan prior to the wars described the use of aqueous root extracts of Cichorium intybus (L.) as a light-sensitive plant remedy for malaria. Preparative isolation and bioassay against HB3 clone of strain Honduras-1 of Plasmodiumfalciparum identified the previously known light-sensitive sesquiterpene lactones Lactucin and Lactueopicrin to be antimalarial compounds. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pharm, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Coll Pharm & Allied Hlth Sci, Heber Younken Pharmacognosy Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Biol & Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bischoff, TA (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pharm, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM Bischoff.Theodore@MGH.Harvard.edu NR 9 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 95 IS 2-3 BP 455 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.jep.2004.06.031 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 871SU UT WOS:000225154500053 PM 15507374 ER PT J AU Harper, FWK Arias, I AF Harper, FWK Arias, I TI The role of shame in predicting adult anger and depressive symptoms among victims of child psychological maltreatment SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE child psychological maltreatment; shame; adult anger; adult depression ID GENDER-DIFFERENCES; SELF-ESTEEM; DESTRUCTIVE RESPONSES; CORPORAL PUNISHMENT; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; EMOTIONAL ABUSE; TRAUMA SYMPTOMS; BODILY SHAME; SEXUAL ABUSE; LIFE-SPAN AB Previous research on child maltreatment and adult outcomes has failed to consider affective reactions to the maltreatment, which may play a critical role in victim outcomes. One such affective reaction shame - may help to explain this relationship. In the context of maltreatment, feelings of shame are seen as a natural extension of the helplessness experienced by many victims of child maltreatment [ Finkelhor, D., and Browne, A. ( 1986). Initial and long-term effects: A conceptual framework. In Finkelhor, D. (ed.), A Sourcebook on Child Sexual Maltreatment, Sage, Newbury Park, CA, pp. 180 198]. The current study examined the moderating role of shame in the relationship between victim reactions to child psychological maltreatment and adult anger and depressive symptoms. Results showed that shame moderated between child psychological maltreatment and adult anger for men but not for women, whereas shame moderated between child psychological maltreatment and depressive symptoms for adult women. Presence of gender-related differences suggests that gender should be considered in the design and development of therapeutic techniques for the treatment and prevention of anger and depression in adult survivors of child psychological maltreatment. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Arias, I (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM iarias@cdc.gov NR 63 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7482 J9 J FAM VIOLENCE JI J. Fam. Violence PD DEC PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s10896-004-0681-x PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA 899QC UT WOS:000227158600004 ER PT J AU Frankenberg, E Jones, NR AF Frankenberg, Elizabeth Jones, Nathan R. TI Self-rated health and mortality: Does the relationship extend to a low income setting? SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID GENDER-DIFFERENCES; COMMUNITY; SHANGHAI; CHINA AB Although a relationship between poor self/reported health status and excess mortality risk has been well-established for industrialized countries, almost no research considers developing countries. We use dataftom Indonesia to show that in a low-income setting, as in more advantaged parts of the world, individuals who perceive their health to be poor are significantly more likely to die in subsequentfollow-up periods than their counterparts who view their health as good. This result characterizes both men and women, holds for multiple time periods, and remains after inclusion of measures of nutritional status, physical functioning, symptoms ofpoor physical health and depression, and hypertension. We also consider the correlates of self-rated health. Symptoms and physical functioning are strong predictors of reporting poor rather than good health, but neither these indicators nor other covariates we consider distinguish between reports of excellent rather than good health. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Sociol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Frankenberg, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Sociol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [P01-AG08291, 5T-AGO-00244, R01-AG20909]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD40384] NR 21 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1307 NEW YORK AVE NW #700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4712 USA SN 0022-1465 J9 J HEALTH SOC BEHAV JI J. Health Soc. Behav. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 441 EP 452 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Social SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology GA 084MA UT WOS:000240535800006 PM 15869115 ER PT J AU Leroy, EM Telfer, P Kumulungui, B Yaba, P Rouquet, P Roques, P Gonzalez, JP Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Nerrienet, E AF Leroy, EM Telfer, P Kumulungui, B Yaba, P Rouquet, P Roques, P Gonzalez, JP Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Nerrienet, E TI A serological survey of Ebola virus infection in central African nonhuman primates SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SUBTYPE RESTON VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ANTIBODIES; PHILIPPINES; OUTBREAK; MARBURG; DECLINE AB We used an ELISA to determine the prevalence of IgG antibodies specific for the Zaire subtype of Ebola virus in 790 nonhuman primates, belonging to 20 species, studied between 1985 and 2000 in Cameroon, Gabon, and the Republic of Congo. The seroprevalence rate of Ebola antibody in wild-born chimpanzees was 12.9%, indicating that (1) Ebola virus circulates in the forests of a large region of central Africa, including countries such as Cameroon, where no human cases of Ebola infections have been reported; (2) Ebola virus was present in the area before recent outbreaks in humans; (3) chimpanzees are continuously in contact with the virus; and (4) nonletha Ebola infection can occur in chimpanzees. These results, together with the unexpected detection of Ebola-specific IgG in other species (5 drills, 1 baboon, 1 mandrill, and 1 Cercopithecus), may help to narrow the search for the reservoir of Ebola virus. They also suggest that future Ebola outbreaks may occur anywhere in the central African forest region. C1 CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon. Inst Rech Dev, UR034, Franceville, Gabon. Mahidol Univ, UR034, Inst Rech Dev, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Pasteur Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon. RP Leroy, EM (reprint author), CIRMF, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon. EM eric.leroy@ird.fr RI Roques, Pierre/M-2212-2013; LEROY, Eric/I-4347-2016 OI Roques, Pierre/0000-0003-1825-1054; Gonzalez, Jean-Paul/0000-0003-3063-1770; LEROY, Eric/0000-0003-0022-0890 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 44596] NR 23 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 23 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 11 BP 1895 EP 1899 DI 10.1086/425421 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 870GO UT WOS:000225045800002 PM 15529251 ER PT J AU Harcourt, JL Karron, RA Tripp, RA AF Harcourt, JL Karron, RA Tripp, RA TI Anti-G protein antibody responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection or vaccination are associated with inhibition of G protein CX3C-CX3CR1 binding and leukocyte chemotaxis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID G-GLYCOPROTEIN; BRONCHIOLITIS; INFANTS; EOSINOPHILIA; FRACTALKINE; EXPRESSION; CX(3)CR1; IMMUNITY; CHILDREN; LIVE AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of severe lower respiratory tract illness in infants and the elderly. Presently, no safe and efficacious RSV vaccine exists; however, advances in our understanding of immunity and the pathogenesis of disease associated with RSV infection may lead to new vaccine strategies. RSV G protein contains a CX3C chemokine motif that interacts with the CX3CR1 chemokine receptor and modifies the activities of fractalkine. In the present study, we show that anti-RSV G protein antibody responses after recent RSV infection or vaccination are associated with inhibition of RSV G protein CX3C-CX3CR1 interaction and RSV G protein-mediated leukocyte chemotaxis. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rtripp@vet.uga.edu OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AO 62712] NR 15 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 11 BP 1936 EP 1940 DI 10.1086/425516 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 870GO UT WOS:000225045800008 PM 15529257 ER PT J AU Moore, MR Hyde, TB Hennessy, TW Parks, DJ Reasonover, AL Harker-Jones, M Gove, J Bruden, DL Rudolph, K Parkinson, A Butler, JC Schuchat, A AF Moore, MR Hyde, TB Hennessy, TW Parks, DJ Reasonover, AL Harker-Jones, M Gove, J Bruden, DL Rudolph, K Parkinson, A Butler, JC Schuchat, A TI Impact of a conjugate vaccine on community-wide carriage of nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in Alaska SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; DAY-CARE-CENTERS; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; UNITED-STATES; REDUCTION; RESISTANCE; SURVEILLANCE; EFFICACY; TRIAL AB Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of invasive bacterial disease and pneumonia among children. Antimicrobial resistance among pneumococci has increased in recent years and complicates treatment. The introduction of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) could reduce acquisition of antimicrobial-resistant pneumococci. Methods. We obtained 1350 nasopharyngeal swabs for culture from 1275 children aged 3-59 months presenting at 3 clinics in Anchorage, Alaska, during the winters of 2000, 2001, and 2002, as PCV7 was being introduced into the routine immunization schedule. We recorded the frequency of use of antibiotics as well as the dates of doses of PCV7 for enrolled children. We used multivariate logistic regression modeling to identify independent risk factors for overall carriage of pneumococci and carriage of PCV7-type pneumococci, cotrimoxazole-nonsusceptible (COT-NS) pneumococci, or penicillin-nonsusceptible (PCN-NS) pneumococci. Results. The proportion of children who were up-to-date for age, with respect to PCV7 vaccination, increased from 0% in 2000 to 55% in 2002. Carriage of PCV7-type pneumococci decreased by 43% (P < .0001). Risk of carriage of PCV7-type pneumococci was lower in 2002 than in 2000, independent of vaccination status, suggesting an indirect effect of vaccination. Carriage of COT-NS, but not PCN-NS, pneumococci also decreased (38%; P = .02), not only among vaccinated children but also among unvaccinated children without recent use of antibiotics. Conclusions. Introduction of PCV7 into the routine infant immunization schedule in a community with a high prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pneumococci appears to reduce transmission of PCV7 vaccine serotypes and COT-NS pneumococci but has no impact on overall carriage of pneumococci or carriage of PCN-NS pneumococci. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Moore, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmoore4@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 11 BP 2031 EP 2038 DI 10.1086/425422 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 870GO UT WOS:000225045800020 PM 15529269 ER PT J AU Thompson, E AF Thompson, E TI Conference welcoming remarks SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Century CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law Med Ethics, Ctr Disease Control Prevention, US Dept Hlth Human Serv C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Off Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thompson, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Off Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP 12 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2004.tb00175.x PG 1 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 890RL UT WOS:000226528400003 ER PT J AU Foege, WH AF Foege, WH TI Redefining public health SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Century CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law Med Ethics, Ctr Disease Control Prevention, US Dept Hlth Human Serv C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2004.tb00178.x PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 890RL UT WOS:000226528400006 PM 15807317 ER PT J AU Mensah, G Perdue, WC Plescia, M Stroup, DF AF Mensah, G Perdue, WC Plescia, M Stroup, DF TI Legal frameworks for chronic disease prevention SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Century CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law Med Ethics, Ctr Disease Control Prevention, US Dept Hlth Human Serv C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgetown Univ Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Montgomery Cty Planning Board, Washington, DC USA. N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Chron Dis & Injury Sect, Raleigh, NC USA. Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mensah, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP 35 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2004.tb00181.x PG 3 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 890RL UT WOS:000226528400009 PM 15807320 ER PT J AU Hall, J Mercy, JA Dammers, K Scripp, RM Daughtry, S Goodman, RA AF Hall, J Mercy, JA Dammers, K Scripp, RM Daughtry, S Goodman, RA TI Public health and law enforcement: Future directions SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Century CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law Med Ethics, Ctr Disease Control Prevention, US Dept Hlth Human Serv C1 Los Angeles Police Dept, Hazardous Mat Unit, Los Angeles, CA USA. CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Attorneys Off, No Dist Georgia, Atlanta, GA USA. FBI Headquarters, Counterterrorism Div, Weapons Mass Destruct Countermeasures Unit, Washington, DC USA. Commiss Accreditat Law Enforcement Agcy, Fairfax, VA USA. CDC, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hall, J (reprint author), Los Angeles Police Dept, Hazardous Mat Unit, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP 52 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2004.tb00187.x PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 890RL UT WOS:000226528400015 PM 15807326 ER PT J AU Bogden, JF Thomas, GA Barrios, LC Collins, J AF Bogden, JF Thomas, GA Barrios, LC Collins, J TI School-based policies: Safety and injury liability SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Century CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law Med Ethics, Ctr Disease Control Prevention, US Dept Hlth Human Serv C1 Natl Assoc State Boards Educ, Safe & Healthy Sch Project, Alexandria, VA USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Res Applicat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bogden, JF (reprint author), Natl Assoc State Boards Educ, Safe & Healthy Sch Project, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP 56 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2004.tb00188.x PG 3 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 890RL UT WOS:000226528400016 PM 15807327 ER PT J AU Jogerst, GJ Brady, MJ Dyer, CB Arias, I AF Jogerst, GJ Brady, MJ Dyer, CB Arias, I TI Elder abuse and the law: New science, new tools SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Century CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law Med Ethics, Ctr Disease Control Prevention, US Dept Hlth Human Serv C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Family Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jogerst, GJ (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Family Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Melnyk, Yurii/N-7067-2015 OI Melnyk, Yurii/0000-0001-7020-842X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP 62 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2004.tb00190.x PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 890RL UT WOS:000226528400018 PM 15807329 ER PT J AU Moran, M Holloman, S Kassler, W Dozier, B AF Moran, M Holloman, S Kassler, W Dozier, B TI Living with the HIPAA privacy rule SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Century CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law Med Ethics, Ctr Disease Control Prevention, US Dept Hlth Human Serv C1 US Dept HHS, Off Civil Rights, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Univ N Carolina Hosp, Chapel Hill, NC USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH USA. CDC, Hlth Informat Privacy Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moran, M (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Off Civil Rights, Washington, DC 20201 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2004.tb00193.x PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 890RL UT WOS:000226528400021 ER PT J AU Agwunobi, JO Feigenholtz, S Levin, DE Ragland, RE Henderson, JM Shaw, FE AF Agwunobi, JO Feigenholtz, S Levin, DE Ragland, RE Henderson, JM Shaw, FE TI Are you ready for the next outbreak? - An exercise in legal preparedness SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Century CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law Med Ethics, Ctr Disease Control Prevention, US Dept Hlth Human Serv C1 Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Illinois Gen Assembly, Chicago, IL USA. Massachusetts Dept Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Off Cty Counsel, Los Angeles, CA USA. CDC, Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergency Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Agwunobi, JO (reprint author), Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP 77 EP 78 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2004.tb00194.x PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 890RL UT WOS:000226528400022 PM 15807333 ER PT J AU Gostin, LO Gravely, SD Shakman, S Markel, H Cetron, M AF Gostin, LO Gravely, SD Shakman, S Markel, H Cetron, M TI Quarantine: Voluntary or not? SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Century CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law Med Ethics, Ctr Disease Control Prevention, US Dept Hlth Human Serv C1 Georgetown Law Ctr, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Troutman Sanders LLP, Richmond, VA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ctr Hist Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CDC, Div Quarantine & Global Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gostin, LO (reprint author), Georgetown Law Ctr, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2004.tb00196.x PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 890RL UT WOS:000226528400024 PM 15807335 ER PT J AU Gard, B Zaza, S Thacker, SB AF Gard, B Zaza, S Thacker, SB TI Connecting public health law with science SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Century CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law Med Ethics, Ctr Disease Control Prevention, US Dept Hlth Human Serv C1 Indiana State Univ, Environm Affairs Committee, Greenfield, IN USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Human Capital & Profess Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gard, B (reprint author), Indiana State Univ, Environm Affairs Committee, Greenfield, IN USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP 100 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2004.tb00201.x PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 890RL UT WOS:000226528400029 PM 15807340 ER PT J AU Lu, L Drobeniuc, J Kobylnikov, N Usmanov, RK Robertson, BH Favorov, MO Margolis, HS AF Lu, L Drobeniuc, J Kobylnikov, N Usmanov, RK Robertson, BH Favorov, MO Margolis, HS TI Complete sequence of a kyrgyzstan swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolated from a piglet thought to be experimentally infected with human HEV SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEV genotypes; PCR; DNA; sequencing; swine viruses; zoonoses ID NON-B HEPATITIS; NON-A; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PROTOTYPE STRAIN; TRANSMISSION; RNA; IDENTIFICATION AB Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was identified by RT-PCR amplification with degenerate ORF2 primers in the stool of a piglet experimentally inoculated with a stool suspension from a patient with acute hepatitis during an outbreak of non-A, non-B hepatitis in Kyrgyzstan. Further characterization by sequencing of the complete genome and phylogenetic analysis showed that the piglet isolate was most closely related to HEV genotype 3. Because the original human stool specimen used to inoculate the piglet was no longer available, stool samples from three patients obtained during the same outbreak were sequenced and found to be HEV genotype 1. These findings suggest that the HEV isolated from the swine stool was probably an HEV enzootic in Kyrgyzstan and not the virus inoculated from the human stool. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Prophylaxis & Med Ecol, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cent Asia Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Drobeniuc, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jqd6@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 74 IS 4 BP 556 EP 562 DI 10.1002/jmv.20214 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 866OZ UT WOS:000224784100007 PM 15484284 ER PT J AU Nandram, B Choi, JW AF Nandram, B Choi, JW TI Nonparametric Bayesian analysis of a proportion for a small area tinder nonignorable nonresponse SO JOURNAL OF NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Dirichlet process prior; exchangeability; identifiability; Griddy Gibbs sampler; selection model ID NON-IGNORABLE NONRESPONSE; DENSITY-ESTIMATION; MISSING DATA; MODELS; INFERENCE; DISTRIBUTIONS; MIXTURES AB In small area estimation, it is a standard practice to assume that the area effects are exchangeable. This is obtained by assuming that the area effects have a common parametric distribution, and a Bayesian approach is attractive. The Dirichlet process prior (DPP) has been used to provide a nonparametric version of this approach. The DPP is useful because it makes the procedure more robust, and the Bayesian approach helps to reduce the effect of nonidentifiability prominent in nonignorable nonresponse models. Using the DPP, we develop a Bayesian methodology for the analysis of nonignorable nonresponse binary data from many small areas, and for each area. we estimate the proportion of individuals with a particular characteristic. Our DPP model is centered on a baseline model, a standard parametric model. We use Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to fit the DPP model and the baseline model, and our methodology is illustrated using data on victimization in ten domains from the National Crime Survey. Our comparisons show that it may be preferable to use the nonparametric DPP model over the parametric baseline model for the analysis of these data. C1 Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Nandram, B (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM balnan@wpi.edu; jwc7@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1048-5252 J9 J NONPARAMETR STAT JI J. Nonparametr. Stat. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 821 EP 839 DI 10.1080/10485250310001652629 PG 19 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 863KP UT WOS:000224560800001 ER PT J AU Dababneh, A Lowe, B Krieg, E Kong, YK Waters, T AF Dababneh, A Lowe, B Krieg, E Kong, YK Waters, T TI A checklist for the ergonomic evaluation of nonpowered hand tools SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INJURIES AB A checklist was developed to evaluate nonpowered hand tools for basic features related to good ergonomic tool design. The checklist contains 16 items to which a yes/no response is required. The checklist is intended to be used by tradespersons and is written in clear, simple language. This column reports on a study conducted to examine the reliability of the checklist questions in identifying the presence or absence of the basic ergonomic design features that are believed to be important for nonpowered hand tools. Using the checklist, 14 ergonomists and 126 carpenters evaluated 18 typical hand tools. Agreement among the carpenters and ergonomists was high for most of the checklist items. A few checklist questions were associated with relatively low agreement among raters in terms of the presence or absence of a design feature. Lack of agreement between raters indicates that the criterion was not explicit or that users had difficulty identifying whether the tool satisfied the particular criterion. The majority of the 18 hand tools evaluated were deemed to be lacking in multiple highly important ergonomic design features. Additional studies are being conducted to make appropriate revisions to the checklist criteria based on quantitative measures of musculoskeletal loading. C1 Univ Jordan, Dept Ind Engn, Amman, Jordan. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Dababneh, A (reprint author), Univ Jordan, Dept Ind Engn, Amman, Jordan. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 1 IS 12 BP D135 EP D145 DI 10.1080/15459620490883150 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 876TG UT WOS:000225519900001 PM 15742704 ER PT J AU Griffin, SO Griffin, PM Beltran-Aguilar, ED Malvitz, DM Heiden, KD AF Griffin, SO Griffin, PM Beltran-Aguilar, ED Malvitz, DM Heiden, KD TI Estimating prevalence and severity of caries in the mixed dentition: a comparison of two screening protocols SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE screenings; surveys; surveillance; dental caries; pit and fissure sealants ID HEALTH AB Objective: Most oral health surveys examine and record data on individual teeth or surfaces (STD), providing valid estimates of caries prevalence and severity. Simplified screening protocols based on assessments at the person level (Stop-After-First-Encounter-SAFE) have been validated for assessment of prevalence. We developed an alternative protocol (SENTINEL), which examined the 12 teeth at highest risk for caries and compared how it performed to SAFE and STD for surveillance and evaluation. Methods: We used data from the Third National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey for children aged 8 to 12 years to analyze the feasibility of assigning STD estimates of severity to children designated by SAFE as having caries. SENTINEL was tested for accuracy of estimating prevalence and severity against STD. In addition, we used subsampling to test the frequency with which SAFE and SENTINEL agreed with STD in identifying the highest risk population. Finally, we compared the mean number of teeth and the recorded data elements for each protocol. Results: Assigning national estimates of severity to SAFE provided inaccurate estimates. SENTINEL agreed with STD in identifying the survey group with the highest severity more frequently than did SAFE (96 percent vs 74 percent). SAFE on average examined nine more teeth than SENTINEL. Conclusions: Both SAFE and SENTINEL could serve as surveillance tools, depending on the system's purpose/objectives. However, it is unlikely that SAFE would provide adequate information to evaluate sealant programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Griffin, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F10, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM sig1@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 64 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2004.tb02720.x PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 804HT UT WOS:000220290500003 PM 15078056 ER PT J AU Stewart, JA Dennison, DA Kohl, HW Doyle, JA AF Stewart, JA Dennison, DA Kohl, HW Doyle, JA TI Exercise level and energy expenditure in the TAKE 10!((R)) in-class physical activity program SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SCIENCE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SCHOOL TIME; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; ACCELEROMETER; PREVALENCE; YOUTH AB This study evaluated the effectiveness of an innovative, classroom-based physical activity prevention program designed to integrate academic curriculum elements along with a physical activity program in providing moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. A convenience sample of three public school classrooms (one first, third, and fifth grade class) was observed implementing the TAKE 10! program while monitored by either CSA accelerometers or digital pedometers. Pedometer step counts and CSA data were recorded for each student and activity. As calculated from CSA data, average MET levels during the activities were 5.72-7.05 (first grade), 5.51-6.77 (third grade), and 4.98-7.19 (fifth grade), and levels were not different between grades (p > 0.05). Average caloric expenditure (Kcal) per 10-minute session was 25.6- 27.8 (first grade), 27.6-33.9 (third grade), and 29.7-42.9 (fifth grade). Measured pedometer step counts per session ranged from 644-931 in first grade, 659-1,376 in third grade, and 1,002- 1,041 in fifth grade. TAKE 10! sessions for all three grades produced exercise levels in the moderate intensity range throughout full duration of the session. Classroom-based physical activity promotion provides a useful strategy to promote meaningful physical activity among school children. C1 Saba Univ, Sch Med, Saba, Netherlands. Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Kinesiol & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Stewart, JA (reprint author), Saba Univ, Sch Med, POB 1000,Church St, Saba, Netherlands. EM jimsaba@hotmail.com; ddennison@ilsi.org; hkohl@cdc.gov; adoyle@gsu.edu NR 22 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD DEC PY 2004 VL 74 IS 10 BP 397 EP 400 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 888SL UT WOS:000226394400002 PM 15724566 ER PT J AU Trick, WE Weinstein, RA DeMarais, PL Tomaska, W Nathan, C McAllister, SK Hageman, JC Rice, TW Westbrook, G Jarvis, WR AF Trick, WE Weinstein, RA DeMarais, PL Tomaska, W Nathan, C McAllister, SK Hageman, JC Rice, TW Westbrook, G Jarvis, WR TI Comparison of routine glove use and contact-isolation precautions to prevent transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria in a long-term care facility SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP SHEA DE nursing homes; patient isolation; extended spectrum beta-lactamases; vancomycin-resistant enterococci; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ID NURSING-HOME CARE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; INFECTION-CONTROL; VETERANS-AFFAIRS; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COLONIZATION; ENTEROCOCCUS AB OBJECTIVES: To compare routine glove use by healthcare workers for all residents, without use of contact-isolation precautions, with contact-isolation precautions for the care of residents who had vancomycin-resistant enterococci or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a clinical culture DESIGN: Random allocation of two similar sections of the skilled-care unit to one of the infection-control strategies during an 18-month study period. SETTING: Skilled-care unit of a 667-bed acute- and long-term care facility. PARTICIPANTS: All residents present or admitted to the skilled-care unit from June 1, 1998, through December 7, 1999. MEASUREMENTS: Resident acquisition of four antimicrobial-resistant organisms (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae or Escherichia coli). All isolates were strain typed. The facility level costs associated with each strategy were estimated. RESULTS: Resident acquisition of antimicrobial-resistant organisms was no different in the glove-use and isolation-precautions sections (31 episodes (1.5 per 1,000 resident-days) vs 38 episodes (1.6 per 1,000 resident-days)). Acquisition of either of two prevalent K. pneumoniae strains was more likely (P=.06) in residents in the isolation-precautions section. The estimated costs of contact-isolation precautions were 40% greater than those of routine glove use. CONCLUSION: There was a similar frequency of transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the two study sections; there was evidence for resident-to-resident K. pneumoniae transmission in the isolation-precautions section. Routine glove use for healthcare workers, which decreases resident social isolation and healthcare facility costs, may be preferable in many long-term care facilities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Oak Forest Hosp, Oak Forest, IL USA. RP Trick, WE (reprint author), Stroger Hosp Cook Cty, Collaborat Res Unit, Suite 1609,1900 W Polk St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM wtrick@cchil.org NR 32 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2003 EP 2009 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52555.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 872DT UT WOS:000225188300005 PM 15571534 ER PT J AU Schilling, M Gravenstein, S Drinka, P Cox, N Krause, P Povinelli, L Shult, P AF Schilling, M Gravenstein, S Drinka, P Cox, N Krause, P Povinelli, L Shult, P TI Emergence and transmission of amantadine-resistant influenza A in a nursing home SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society/American-Federation-for-Aging-Research CY MAY 18, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Geriatr Soc, Amer Federat Aging Res DE influenza; nursing home; antiviral resistance ID RIMANTADINE; VIRUS; INFECTION; OUTBREAKS; FAMILIES AB OBJECTIVES: To prospectively detect amantadine-resistant influenza when amantadine was used for influenza A outbreak control. DESIGN: Prospective clinical surveillance and viral culture of all new respiratory illnesses during the course of amantadine prophylaxis. SETTING: A 721-bed, 14-ward nursing home for veterans and spouses during an influenza A outbreak (1993-94). PARTICIPANTS: Residents of a veterans hospital and their spouses. MEASUREMENTS: Nasopharyngeal and throat viral culture. All residents with positive cultures who developed new respiratory symptoms while receiving or residing on a unit receiving amantadine prophylaxis had antiviral-resistance testing and polymerase chain reaction restriction analyses performed. RESULTS: Amantadine prophylaxis was administered sequentially on nine of 14 wards to all well residents for 14 to 31 days/ward to control influenza outbreaks between December 9, 1993, and January 28, 1994. Amantadine treatment was simultaneously provided to 29 ill residents. Between December 3, 1993, and January 22, 1994, 68 culture-positive cases of influenza A were detected. Twenty subjects were receiving or residing on units receiving amantadine prophylaxis. Amantadine sensitivity testing could be performed on 16 residents; 12 residents had amantadine resistant strains. Four of the 12 had not received any antiviral treatment. Illness onset ranged from 1 to 22 days after amantadine prophylaxis was begun on the individual's unit. Two ribonucleic acid (RNA) mutations in the gene coding the M2 protein transmembrane region were observed that were clustered in time and space. Isolates from two roommates, one receiving amantadine for 18 days and one on no antiviral, had identical RNA sequences. CONCLUSION: Antiviral resistance may be responsible for failure of prophylaxis in nursing home outbreaks. Strategies that use different classes of antivirals for prophylaxis and treatment may limit emergence and transmission of resistant virus. C1 Univ Iowa, Ctr Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Wisconsin Vet Home, King, WI 54946 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Schilling, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Hlth, SE613 GH,200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM margo-schilling@uiowa.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [KO8AG00548, R01AG09632] NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2069 EP 2073 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52567.x PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 872DT UT WOS:000225188300015 PM 15571544 ER PT J AU Barrera, R Amador, M Clark, GG AF Barrera, R Amador, M Clark, GG TI The use of household bleach to control Aedes aegypti SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE bleach; sodium hypochlorite; Aedes aegypti; dengue; control; larvicide ID WASHBASINS; MOSQUITOS AB We evaluated the lethal effects of household bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite; NaOCl) on immature Aedes aegypti in tap water, with and without food, and in field-collected automobile tires. A sublethal dose was employed as a disinfectant in tires to control immatures through the destruction of microorganisms that constitute the main food items of mosquito larvae. The concentration of bleach that was required to kill all immatures was higher in the presence of larval food and older immatures. Lethal (100%) concentrations in the presence of food were 16 ppm for 1st instars, 64 ppm for 2nd instars, and 250 ppm for 3rd and 4th instars. A single treatment with 250 ppm of bleach per tire (2 tablespoons per 5 liters of water) killed the larvae, but pupae started to appear 12-17 days later. Total pupal production in 2 months decreased from 118 +/- 26 pupae/tire (mean +/- SE) in the controls without bleach to 66 +/- 5 pupae/tire in treated tires. A single treatment with 250 ppm followed by weekly applications of sublethal doses (50 ppm; a teaspoon) significantly reduced pupal production (21 pupae/tire in 2 months). We recommend that whenever a container that produces mosquitoes cannot be eliminated, it would be better to clean it before applying bleach. The combined action of cleaning and bleach is expected to reduce available larval food, reduce the amount of NaOCl for treating the container, and make it less attractive for future mosquito oviposition. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Barrera, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 444 EP 448 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 884JD UT WOS:000226080000018 PM 15669389 ER PT J AU Gary, TL Baptiste-Roberts, K Gregg, EW Williams, DE Beckles, GLA Miller, EJ Engelgau, MM AF Gary, TL Baptiste-Roberts, K Gregg, EW Williams, DE Beckles, GLA Miller, EJ Engelgau, MM TI Fruit, vegetable and fat intake in a population-based sample of African Americans SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE diet; African Americans; population-based data ID RISK FACTOR SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; OBESITY; QUESTIONNAIRE; SURVEILLANCE; RELIABILITY; CHOLESTEROL; PATTERNS; REGION AB Background: African Americans experience high rates of obesity and other chronic diseases, which may be related, in part, to diet. However, little is known about dietary patterns in this population, particularly from population-based data sources. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of 2,172 African-American adults in Project DIRECT (Diabetes Interventions Reaching and Educating Communities Together). A baseline assessment was conducted using a multistaged population-based probability sample from Raleigh and Greensboro, NC. Daily fruit, vegetable and fat intake was evaluated using a modified version of the Block questionnaire, and then stratified results were analyzed by sociodemographic, health and behavior characteristics. STATA Survey commands were used to account for the complex survey design. Results: Overall, a very small number of participants met national recommendations for greater than or equal to2 servings of fruit (8%) and greater than or equal to3 servings of vegetables (16%) per day. Many participants reported eating high-fat foods; the average daily fat intake was 86 g, and the average daily intake from saturated fat was 24 g. People with more education and higher incomes had a higher average daily fruit intake (all p<0.05). Conclusions: The data suggest that participants' fruit, vegetable and fat intake deviated greatly from national guidelines; older people, women, participants with higher socioeconomic status and those who were physically active consumed healthier foods. These data may be useful in developing dietary and weight loss interventions for African Amercans. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gary, TL (reprint author), 615 N Wolfe St,Rm E6034, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM tgary@jhsph.edu NR 32 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1599 EP 1605 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879FY UT WOS:000225703000026 PM 15622690 ER PT J AU Kaba, SA Salcedo, AM Wafula, PO Vlak, JM van Oers, MM AF Kaba, SA Salcedo, AM Wafula, PO Vlak, JM van Oers, MM TI Development of a chitinase and v-cathepsin negative bacmid for improved integrity of secreted recombinant proteins SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE baculovirus expression system; East Coast fever; Theileria parva; honeybee mellitin signal; chitinase; v-cathepsin ID INSECT CELLS; BACULOVIRUS SYSTEM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VACCINE ANTIGEN; EXPRESSION; VIRUS; P67; CATTLE; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNITY AB The application of the baculovirus-in sect cell expression system for the production of integral membrane and secreted proteins is often more troublesome than for cytoplasmic proteins. One protein expressed at low levels in insect cells is the Theileria parva sporozoite surface protein p67. Theileria parva is a protozoan parasite, which causes the tick-transmitted disease East Coast fever in cattle. Baculovirus vectors were engineered to produce a secreted form of p67 by replacing the signal peptide of p67 with the honeybee mellitin signal sequence and deleting a putative membrane anchor from the C-terminus. Furthermore, the chitinase and v-cathepsin genes were deleted from the baculovirus expression vector in a bacmid setup, allowing broad scale application of this novel vector. Deletion of the chitinase and v-cathepsin gene had a positive effect on the integrity of both the intracellular and secreted recombinant protein. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Virol Lab, NL-6709 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. RP van Oers, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-12, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM monique.vanoers@wur.nl RI Kaba, Stephen/B-3555-2011 OI Kaba, Stephen/0000-0003-1509-2975 NR 26 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 122 IS 1 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.07.006 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 869TN UT WOS:000225007300015 PM 15488628 ER PT J AU Shimizu, H Thorley, B Paladin, FJ Brussen, KA Stambos, V Yuen, L Utama, A Tano, Y Arita, M Yoshida, H Yoneyama, T Benegas, A Roesel, S Pallansch, M Kew, O Miyamura, T AF Shimizu, H Thorley, B Paladin, FJ Brussen, KA Stambos, V Yuen, L Utama, A Tano, Y Arita, M Yoshida, H Yoneyama, T Benegas, A Roesel, S Pallansch, M Kew, O Miyamura, T TI Circulation of type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus in the Philippines in 2001 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-ENTEROVIRUS-B; IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; WILD POLIOVIRUS; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; FREQUENT RECOMBINATION; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; CODING REGION; SABIN VACCINE; EVOLUTION AB In 2001, highly evolved type 1 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) was isolated from three acute flaccid paralysis patients and one contact from three separate communities in the Philippines. Complete genomic sequencing of these four cVDPV isolates revealed that the capsid region was derived from the Sabin 1 vaccine strain but most of the noncapsid region was derived from an unidentified enterovirus unrelated to the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) strains. The sequences of the cVDPV isolates were closely related to each other, and the isolates had a common recombination site. Most of the genetic and biological properties of the cVDPV isolates were indistinguishable from those of wild polioviruses. However, the most recently identified cVDPV isolate from a healthy contact retained the temperature sensitivity and partial attenuation phenotypes. The sequence relationships among the isolates and Sabin 1 suggested that cVDPV originated from an OPV dose given in 1998 to 1999 and that cVDPV circulated along a narrow chain of transmission. Type 1 cVDPV was last detected in the Philippines in September 2001, and population immunity to polio was raised by extensive OPV campaigns in late 2001 and early 2002. C1 Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 2, Tokyo, Japan. Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic 3051, Australia. Natl Epidemiol Ctr, Dept Hlth, Manila, Philippines. WHO, Reg Off Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shimizu, H (reprint author), 4-7-1 Gakuen,Musashimurayama Shi, Tokyo 2080011, Japan. EM hshimizu@nih.go.jp OI Thorley, Bruce/0000-0002-9632-029X; arita, minetaro/0000-0002-3314-6626 NR 67 TC 88 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 78 IS 24 BP 13512 EP 13521 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.24.13512-13521.2004 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 875HC UT WOS:000225409900013 PM 15564462 ER PT J AU Harcourt, BH Jukneliene, D Kanjanahaluethai, A Bechill, J Severson, KM Smith, CM Rota, PA Baker, SC AF Harcourt, BH Jukneliene, D Kanjanahaluethai, A Bechill, J Severson, KM Smith, CM Rota, PA Baker, SC TI Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replicase products and characterization of papain-like protease activity SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUSE HEPATITIS-VIRUS; INFECTIOUS-BRONCHITIS-VIRUS; DOUBLE-MEMBRANE VESICLES; SARS-CORONAVIRUS; CLEAVAGE SITE; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; RNA; ASSOCIATION; POLYPROTEIN; COMPLEX AB Gene 1 of the coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) encodes replicase polyproteins that are predicted to be processed into 16 nonstructural proteins (nsps 1 to 16) by two viral proteases, a papain-like protease (PLpro) and a 3C-like protease (3CLpro). Here, we identify SARS coronavirus amino-terminal replicase products nsp1, nsp2, and nsp3 and describe trans-cleavage assays that characterize the protease activity required to generate these products. We generated polyclonal antisera to glutathione S-transferase-replicase fusion proteins and used the antisera to detect replicase intermediates and products in pulse-chase experiments. We found that nsp1 (p20) is rapidly processed from the replicase polyprotein. In contrast, processing at the nsp2/3 site is less efficient, since a approximate to300-kDa intermediate (NSP2-3) is detected, but ultimately nsp2 (p71) and nsp3 (p213) are generated. We found that SARS coronavirus replicase products can be detected by 4 h postinfection in the cytoplasm of infected cells and that nsps 1 to 3 colocalize with newly synthesized viral RNA in punctate, perinuclear sites consistent with their predicted role in viral RNA synthesis. To determine if PLpro is responsible for processing these products, we cloned and expressed the PLpro domain and the predicted substrates and established PLpro trans-cleavage assays. We found that the PLpro domain is sufficient for processing the predicted nsp1/2 and nsp2/3 sites. Interestingly, expression of an extended region of PLpro that includes the downstream hydrophobic domain was required for processing at the predicted nsp3/4 site. We found that the hydrophobic domain is inserted into membranes and that the lumenal domain is glycosylated at asparagine residues 2249 and 2252. Thus, the hydrophobic domain may anchor the replication complex to intracellular membranes. These studies revealed that PLpro, can cleave in trans at the three predicted cleavage sites and that it requires membrane association to process the nsp3/4 cleavage site. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stritch Sch Med, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. RP Baker, SC (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stritch Sch Med, 2160 S 1st Ave,Bldg 105,Rm 3929, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. EM sbaker1@lumc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 45798, R01 AI045798] NR 35 TC 112 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 78 IS 24 BP 13600 EP 13612 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.24.13600-13612.2004 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 875HC UT WOS:000225409900022 PM 15564471 ER PT J AU Crill, WD Chang, GJJ AF Crill, WD Chang, GJJ TI Localization and characterization of flavivirus envelope glycoprotein cross-reactive epitopes SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; DENGUE VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; WEST-NILE; PROTEIN-E; ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; VIRAL-INFECTION AB The flavivirus E glycoprotein, the primary antigen that induces protective immunity, is essential for membrane fusion and mediates binding to cellular receptors. Human flavivirus infections stimulate virus species-specific as well as flavivirus cross-reactive immune responses. Flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies in human sera create a serious problem for serodiagnosis, especially for secondary flavivirus infections, due to the difficulty of differentiating primary from secondary cross-reactive serum antibodies. The presence of subneutralizing levels of flavivirus cross-reactive serum antibodies may result in a dramatic increase in the severity of secondary flavivirus infections via antibody-dependent enhancement. An understanding of flavivirus E-glycoprotein cross-reactive epitopes is therefore critical for improving public health responses to these serious diseases. We identified six E-glycoprotein residues that are incorporated into three distinct flavivirus cross-reactive epitopes. Two of these epitopes which are recognized by distinct monoclonal antibodies contain overlapping continuous residues located within the highly conserved fusion peptide. The third epitope consists of discontinuous residues that are structurally related to the strictly conserved tryptophan at dengue virus serotype 2 E-glycoprotein position 231. C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Crill, WD (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM wcrill@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 140 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 78 IS 24 BP 13975 EP 13986 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.24.13975-13986.2004 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 875HC UT WOS:000225409900056 PM 15564505 ER PT J AU Alvarez, R Harrod, KS Shieh, WJ Zaki, S Tripp, RA AF Alvarez, R Harrod, KS Shieh, WJ Zaki, S Tripp, RA TI Human metapneumovirus persists in BALB/c mice despite the presence of neutralizing antibodies SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; TRACT INFECTIONS; ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; GUINEA-PIGS; DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; COMMUNITY; PROTEINS AB Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has emerged as an important human respiratory pathogen causing upper and lower respiratory tract infections in young children and older adults. Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that HMPV may cocirculate with respiratory syncytial virus, and HMPV infection has been associated with other respiratory diseases. In this study, we show that BALB/c mice are susceptible to HMPV infection, the virus replicates in the lungs with biphasic growth kinetics in which peak titers occur at days 7 and 14 postinfection (p.i.), and infectious HMPV can be recovered from lungs up to day 60 p.i. In addition, we show that genomic HMPV RNA can be detected in the lungs for :180 days p.i. by reverse transcription-PCR; however, neither HMPV RNA nor infectious virus can be detected in serum, spleen, kidneys, heart, trachea, and brain tissue. Lung histopathology revealed prevalent mononuclear cell infiltration in the interstitium beginning at day 2 p.i. and peaking at day 4 p.i. which decreased by day 14 p.i. and was associated with airway remodeling. Increased mucus production evident at day 2 p.i. was concordant with increased bronchial and bronchiolar inflammation. HMPV-specific antibodies were detected by day 14 p.i., neutralizing antibody titers reached greater than or equal to6.46 log(2) end-point titers by day 28 p.i., and depletion of T cells or NK cells resulted in increased HMPV titers in the lungs, suggesting some immune control of viral persistence. This study shows that BALB/c mice are amenable for HMPV studies and indicates that HMPV persists as infectious virus in the lungs of normal mice for several weeks postinfection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Resp & Enter Viruses, Atlanta, GA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Program Infect Dis, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Room 356, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rtripp@vet.uga.edu OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 51 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 78 IS 24 BP 14003 EP 14011 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.24.14003-14011.2004 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 875HC UT WOS:000225409900058 PM 15564507 ER PT J AU Ngalame, PM Williams, HA Jones, C Nyamongo, I Diop, S Gaspar, F AF Ngalame, PM Williams, HA Jones, C Nyamongo, I Diop, S Gaspar, F TI Participation of African social scientists in malaria control: identifying enabling and constraining factors SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS; CHILDHOOD FEVERS; HEALTH RESEARCH; PREVENTION; COMMUNITY; SCIENCE; TANZANIA; CHILDREN; DISEASE; KENYA AB Objective: To examine the enabling and constraining factors that influence African social scientists involvement in malaria control. Methods: Convenience and snowball sampling was used to identify participants. Data collection was conducted in two phases: a mailed survey was followed by in- depth phone interviews with selected individuals chosen from the survey. Findings: Most participants did not necessarily seek malaria as a career path. Having a mentor who provided research and training opportunities, and developing strong technical skills in malaria control and grant or proposal writing facilitated career opportunities in malaria. A paucity of jobs and funding and inadequate technical skills in malaria limited the type and number of opportunities available to social scientists in malaria control. Conclusion: Understanding the factors that influence job satisfaction, recruitment and retention in malaria control is necessary for better integration of social scientists into malaria control. However, given the wide array of skills that social scientists have and the variety of deadly diseases competing for attention in Sub Saharan Africa, it might be more cost effective to employ social scientists to work broadly on issues common to communicable diseases in general rather than solely on malaria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Master Publ Hlth Program, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Int Dev DFID, Malaria Programme, London WC1E 7HT, England. Univ Nairobi, Inst African Studies, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Bamako, Dept Publ Hlth Epidemiol & Med Anthropol, Bamako, Mali. Natl Inst Hlth, Maputo, Mozambique. RP Williams, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Mail Stop F-22,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pdn8@cdc.gov; hbw2@cdc.gov; caroline.jones@lshtm.ac.uk; nama@insightkenya.com; saibd@keneya.net; gfelisbela@hotmail.com NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 3 AR 47 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-3-47 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 890SL UT WOS:000226531000001 PM 15579214 ER PT J AU Holmes, JS Shevrin, M Goldman, B Share, D AF Holmes, JS Shevrin, M Goldman, B Share, D TI Translating research into practice: Are physicians following evidence-based guidelines in the treatment of hypertension? SO MEDICAL CARE RESEARCH AND REVIEW LA English DT Article DE evidence-based medicine; hypertension; adherence to treatment guidelines; health care quality; antihypertensive drug therapy ID EVIDENCE-BASED-MEDICINE; HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPIES; PHARMACOLOGICAL-TREATMENT; CARE EXPENDITURES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; METAANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT; WOMEN; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Despite the widespread availability of evidence-based guidelines for treating hypertension, recent evidence suggests that physicians may not be prescribing first-line drugs for their patients with high blood pressure. Using administrative claims data from 1998 through 2000, this study investigates Whether drug treatment provided to 6,736 hypertensives in a privately insured, non-HMO population follows practice guidelines. The authors also examine physician and patient-related factors associated with guideline adherence in a subset of patients with newly diagnosed hypertension. Among members with high blood pressure alone, only 38 percent were on a diuretic, while less than a third were prescribed a beta-blocker, the JNC VI recommended first-line antihypertensives for essential hypertension. Approximately half of individuals with high blood pressure and certain comorbidities received non-first-line interventions. Such findings indicate the need to reconsider how guidelines are communicated and shared with medical C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holmes, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-5587 J9 MED CARE RES REV JI Med. Care Res. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 61 IS 4 BP 453 EP 473 DI 10.1177/1077558704269501 PG 21 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 870PF UT WOS:000225069500002 PM 15536209 ER PT J AU Mendonca-Souza, CRV Carvalho, MDS Barros, RR Dias, CA Sampaio, JLM Castro, ACD Facklam, RR Teixeira, LM AF Mendonca-Souza, CRV Carvalho, MDS Barros, RR Dias, CA Sampaio, JLM Castro, ACD Facklam, RR Teixeira, LM TI Occurrence and characteristics of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in three major Brazilian states SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE-MECHANISMS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MACROLIDE RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; PYOGENES; PENICILLIN; DISSEMINATION; DETERMINANTS; PREVALENCE AB We investigated the occurrence and phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in three major states in Brazil, from 1990 to 1999. Of the 931 pneumococcal strains evaluated, 40 (4.3%) were erythromycin-resistant (Ery-R). Among the 40 Ery-R strains, 90.0%, 80.0%, 27.5%, 5.0%, and 2.5% were resistant to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, penicillin, chloramphenicol, and rifampin, respectively. None of the strains were resistant to ofloxacin or to vancomycin. Most [37 (92.5%)] of the 40 Ery-R isolates presented the MLSB phenotype and 3 (7.5%) strains showed the M phenotype. PCR testing indicated that all MLSB phenotype isolates harbored the erm(B) gene only, whereas the mef(A/E) gene was present in all isolates presenting the M phenotype. The tet(M) gene was the most frequent (86.1%) among Ery-R isolates that were also resistant to tetracycline. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis after SmaI digestion revealed the occurrence of clonal relationships within groups of strains belonging to serotypes 14, 19A, and 23F. All Ery-R isolates belonging to serotype 14 were susceptible to penicillin and were included in a single clonal group (named Ery(14)-A) related to the England(14-)9 internationally spread clone. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fdn Fac Ciencias Med Porto Alegre, BR-90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Fleury Ctr Med Diagnost, BR-04344070 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Teixeira, LM (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, CCS,Bloco 1,Cicade Univ, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM Imt2@micro.ufrj.br RI Sampaio, Jorge/E-8645-2013 OI Sampaio, Jorge/0000-0001-7789-3028 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist.-Mechan. Epidemiol. Dis. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1089/mdr.2004.10.313 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 885PO UT WOS:000226169600007 PM 15650376 ER PT J AU Rayner, JC Huber, CS Barnwell, JW AF Rayner, JC Huber, CS Barnwell, JW TI Conservation and divergence in erythrocyte invasion ligands: Plasmodium reichenowi EBL genes SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium reichenowi; Plasmodium falciparum; merozoite; invasion ID BINDING-PROTEINS; MEROZOITE PROTEINS; MALARIA PARASITES; DUFFY RECEPTOR; FALCIPARUM; VIVAX; FAMILY; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; EBA-175 C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barnwell, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS F-13,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wzb3@cdc.gov OI Rayner, Julian/0000-0002-9835-1014 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 138 IS 2 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.08.008 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 880NF UT WOS:000225795800009 PM 15555736 ER PT J AU Mackenzie, JS Gubler, DJ Petersen, LR AF Mackenzie, JS Gubler, DJ Petersen, LR TI Emerging flaviviruses: the spread and resurgence of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and dengue viruses SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCES; GENUS FLAVIVIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; TYPE-2 VIRUS; YELLOW-FEVER; USUTU-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN AB Mosquito-borne flaviviruses provide some of the most important examples of emerging and resurging diseases of global significance. Here, we describe three of them: the resurgence of dengue in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, and the spread and establishment of Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses in new habitats and environments. These three examples also illustrate the complexity of the various factors that contribute to their emergence, resurgence and spread. Whereas some of these factors are natural, such as bird migration, most are due to human activities, such as changes in land use, water impoundments and transportation, which result in changed epidemiological patterns. The three examples also show the ease with which mosquito-borne viruses can spread to and colonize new areas, and the need for continued international surveillance and improved public health infrastructure to meet future emerging disease threats. C1 Curtin Univ Technol, Australian Biosecur Cooperat Res Ctr, Perth, WA 6001, Australia. Leahi Hosp, Asia Pacific Inst Trop Med & Infect Dis, Honolulu, HI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Mackenzie, JS (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Australian Biosecur Cooperat Res Ctr, Perth, WA 6001, Australia. EM j.mackenzie@curtin.edu.au NR 159 TC 629 Z9 657 U1 14 U2 126 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 SU S BP S98 EP S109 DI 10.1038/nm1144 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 879RC UT WOS:000225733900006 PM 15577938 ER PT J AU Rotz, LD Hughes, JM AF Rotz, LD Hughes, JM TI Advances in detecting and responding to threats from bioterrorism and emerging infectious disease SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS; SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; TIME; ATTACK; CRITERIA; SYSTEMS AB Much progress has been made in recent years to strengthen local, state, national and international capacities to detect and respond to bioterrorism events and naturally occurring outbreaks of disease. New tools and systems are available to estimate the potential impact of a biological event and predict resource needs for effective response, enable earlier detection of an attack or outbreak, enhance diagnostic capacity and facilitate rapid intervention to mitigate the impact of an event on a community. These advances have required new approaches to preparedness, planning and surveillance, as well as new partnerships and collaborations across a range of disciplines. We examine some of these developments, discuss potential uses and limitations of these approaches, and identify priorities for the future. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rotz, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lrotz@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 SU S BP S130 EP S136 DI 10.1038/nm1152 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 879RC UT WOS:000225733900009 PM 15577931 ER PT J AU Murphy-Hoefer, R Alder, S Higbee, C AF Murphy-Hoefer, R Alder, S Higbee, C TI Perceptions about cigarette smoking and risks among college students SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YOUNG-ADULTS; TOBACCO PROMOTIONS; BAR AB The objective of the present study was to describe how college students perceive the risks of cigarette smoking and addiction to nicotine. Data came from a self-administered survey of 1,020 college students enrolled in two 4-year liberal arts colleges in the United States. The survey was conducted in the fall of 2001. Smokers and nonsmokers differed markedly in their perceptions about the health risks associated with short-term exposure to smoking. College students in this sample who smoked did not fully comprehend the risks associated with smoking. Smokers were half as likely as nonsmokers to believe that there are health risks from smoking only on weekends or a couple of days a week. Anti-tobacco messages for young adult smokers need to communicate more effectively the concept that each cigarette they smoke is doing them damage. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Hlth Behav, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. RP Murphy-Hoefer, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Mail Stop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rmurphy1@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 6 SU 3 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1080/14622200412331320770 PG 4 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 890RT UT WOS:000226529200011 ER PT J AU Zakarian, JM Hovell, MF Sandweiss, RD Hofstetter, CR Matt, GE Bernert, JT Pirkle, J Hammond, SK AF Zakarian, JM Hovell, MF Sandweiss, RD Hofstetter, CR Matt, GE Bernert, JT Pirkle, J Hammond, SK TI Behavioral counseling for reducing children's ETS exposure: Implementation in community clinics SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PASSIVE SMOKING; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PARENTAL SMOKING; URINE COTININE; INTERVENTION; REDUCTION; FAMILIES AB The present randomized controlled trial tested the effectiveness of a behavioral counseling program for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Counseling was delivered by clinic staff as part of well-child health care services in a community clinic setting. A total of 150 mothers with children aged 4 years or younger were recruited. Parent-reported and children's urinary cotinine measures of ETS exposure were obtained at baseline. 3 months, 6 months (post-test), and 12 months (follow-up). Saliva samples were obtained from mothers who reported quitting smoking, for objective verification by thiocyanate analysis. After baseline, mothers were randomly assigned to a measures-only control condition or an intervention consisting of seven behavioral counseling sessions over 6 months. Counseling included behavioral contracting, self-monitoring, problem solving, and positive reinforcement. Results indicated acceptable test-retest reliability and validity of measures. Parent-reported measures indicated that., in both groups, children's exposure to their mothers' tobacco smoke in the home and to all tobacco smoke declined steeply from baseline to 6 months post-test, and remained essentially level during follow-up. Mothers' smoking rates followed the same pattern. Children's urinary cotinine concentrations did not show significant change over time in. either group. Findings on the fidelity of treatment implementation suggest that the structure and funding of the community clinic health care system and associated staff turnover and training issues resulted in participants receiving a less efficacious intervention than in our past efficacy trials. Implications for future effectiveness trials are discussed. C1 San Diego State Univ, CBEACH, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. San Diego State Univ, Measurement & Evaluat Res Grp, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zakarian, JM (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, CBEACH, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 9245 Sky Pk Court 230, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM jzakarian@projects.sdsu.edu RI Travers, Mark/C-7832-2011 FU PHS HHS [R40 MC 00093] NR 51 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1074 DI 10.1080/1462220412331324820 PG 14 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 888OZ UT WOS:000226385400016 PM 15801580 ER PT J AU Lanzieri, TM Parise, MS Siqueira, MM Fortaleza, BM Segatto, TC Prevots, DR AF Lanzieri, TM Parise, MS Siqueira, MM Fortaleza, BM Segatto, TC Prevots, DR TI Incidence, clinical features and estimated costs of congenital rubella syndrome after a large rubella outbreak in Recife, Brazil, 1999-2000 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rubella; outbreaks; congenital rubella syndrome; costs; Recife; Brazil ID SYNDROME CRS; EPIDEMIC; BURDEN; ISRAEL AB Background: During 1998-2000, a large rubella outbreak was reported from Recife, the capital municipality of Pernambuco State, in northeastern Brazil. In 2002, a study was conducted to assess the burden of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) after this outbreak. Methods: To describe the rubella outbreak, we analyzed data available from the National Notifiable Disease System. A retrospective record review for CRS was conducted at 6 maternity hospitals where 53% of Recife's resident live births occurred during 19992000 and 1 tertiary health care center. Suspected CRS cases were infants with any manifestation of CRS or maternal infection during pregnancy. Standard international definitions for compatible and confirmed CRS cases were used. Direct CRS costs were based on reimbursements by the National Health System. Results: From October 1998' to July 2000, Recife reported 681 confirmed rubella cases. The highest incidence of rubella was among children 5-11 years of age (5.4 per 1000 population). Forty-five suspected CRS cases were identified; 29 were clinically compatible and 2 were laboratory-confirmed. The average annual incidence of CRS was 0.9 per 1000 live births during 1999-2000. Overall costs for the first year follow-up were estimated at US $61,824 in this cohort. Conclusions: High rubella vaccination coverage is required to prevent the severe congenital disabilities and high economic costs of CRS. Increased clinician awareness is critical for early CRS detection. Complete reporting is essential to evaluate the impact of vaccination programs and to document progress toward the goal of CRS elimination in the Americas by the year 2010. C1 Minist Saude, Secretaria Vigilancia Saude, Esplanada Minist, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Virol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lanzieri, TM (reprint author), Minist Saude, Secretaria Vigilancia Saude, Esplanada Minist, Edificio Sede Minist Saude,Bloco G,1 Andar,Sala 1, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM tatiana.lanzieri@saude.gov.br NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1116 EP 1122 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000145479.04559.97 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 881MT UT WOS:000225872300009 PM 15626948 ER PT J AU Prevots, DR Pascual, FB Angellili, ML Brayden, R Irigoyen, M Larussa, P Sawyer, M Baughman, AL Pallansch, MA AF Prevots, DR Pascual, FB Angellili, ML Brayden, R Irigoyen, M Larussa, P Sawyer, M Baughman, AL Pallansch, MA TI Population immunity to polioviruses among preschool children from four urban underserved low income communities, United States, 1997-2001 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE polio; seroprevalence; vaccines ID IMMUNIZATION; VACCINE; POLIOMYELITIS; IMPACT; ERADICATION; CHILDHOOD; RATES; AREAS AB Background: In 1997, the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended a change in polio vaccination policy, the first in 30 years, from the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to a combined OPV/inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) sequential schedule for routine childhood vaccination. To evaluate the impact of the change in polio vaccination schedule on population immunity, we conducted a seroprevalence survey among low income preschool children from selected urban areas. Methods: A repeat cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted during 1997-2001. Children 19-35 months of age receiving well-child care were recruited from outpatient clinics of academic medical centers. Serum samples were obtained and tested for neutralizing antibodies to polioviruses types 1, 2 and 3. A standardized questionnaire was administered to the parents or guardians of enrolled children. Results: Seroprevalence remained high and stable during the study period. Among children sampled in the last study year (initiating their vaccinations from August 1997 through September 2000), seroprevalence was greater than or equal to95% to poliovirus serotypes 1 and 2 and greater than or equal to94% to serotype 3. Overall coverage with greater than or equal to3 doses of polio vaccine was 82-95% across sites during this period. The proportion initiating their vaccination schedule with IPV increased from 2.6% in study year 1 (children born October 1994-January 1997) to 80% in study year 4 (children born October 1997-January 2000). Conclusions: Children in these underserved low income communities are well-protected against the spread of polioviruses; the introduction of IPV did not adversely impact coverage or seroprevalence. Continued monitoring is needed to evaluate population immunity in the absence of OPV circulation. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Childrens Hosp Denver, Denver, CO USA. Childrens Hosp Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. New York Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Prevots, DR (reprint author), NIAID, NIH, 6610 Rockledge Dr,Room 2029,MSC 6613, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rprevots@niaid.nih.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1130 EP 1136 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000143641.27336.2e PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 881MT UT WOS:000225872300012 PM 15626951 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Ajani, UA AF Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Ajani, UA TI Trends in risk factors for cardiovascular disease among children and adolescents in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; epidemiology; glucose; lipids; obesity ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; NORTH-AMERICAN CHILDREN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SECULAR TRENDS; US ADULTS; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; AWARENESS; OBESITY AB Background. The increasing prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in recent decades might have affected trends in obesity-associated risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Participants and Methods. We used data for 12 665 children and adolescents, 2 to 17 years of age, from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) and for 3611 children and adolescents from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. Results. For participants 2 to 17 years of age, waist circumference increased 1.6 cm among male subjects and 2.4 cm among female subjects. Mean systolic blood pressure increased by 2.2 mm Hg among children and adolescents 8 to 17 years of age. There were significant decreases in concentrations of triglycerides (8.8 mg/dL) and glucose (2.5 mg/dL) among children and adolescents 12 to 17 years of age. Mean concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glycosylated hemoglobin were relatively unchanged. Some changes in means of risk factors varied according to age. Conclusions. The temporal trends for risk factors among children and adolescents during the 1990s exhibited different patterns. The effects of the increasing prevalence of obesity on the cardiovascular health of children and adolescents remain unclear. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2004 VL 114 IS 6 BP 1534 EP 1544 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0674 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 875WN UT WOS:000225453000004 PM 15574612 ER PT J AU Posner, SF Bull, SS Ortiz, C Evans, T AF Posner, SF Bull, SS Ortiz, C Evans, T TI Factors associated with condom use among young Denver inner city women SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE female condom; male condom; adolescence; sexually transmitted diseases ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; FEMALE CONDOM; ATTITUDES; RISK; AIDS; BEHAVIORS; INFECTION; PARTNERS; VALIDITY; BELIEFS AB Background. Despite the availability of condoms and theoretically based interventions to promote their use, sexually active women aged 15 to 25 years continue to put themselves at risk for sexually transmitted diseases and unintended pregnancy. Methods. One hundred ninety-eight inner city women were interviewed about knowledge and attitudes about condoms. Using the Transtheoretical Model, regression techniques were used to identify factors associated with condom use at last sex and the proportion of acts protected by a condom in the last 90 days. Results. Constructs including intention to use (OR = 1.69, CI 1.07-2.65) and positive outcome expectancies (OR = 1.59, CI 1.03-2.46) were associated with condom use at last act of sexual intercourse. Similarly, intention to use condoms (RR = 1.58, CI 1.37-1.82), positive outcome expectancies (RR = 2.71, CI 2.41-2.99), perceived peer's use of condoms (RR = 2.25, CI 1.95-2.60), and number of places condoms were discussed (RR 1.05, CI 1.02-1.07) were associated with the proportion of protected acts. Conclusions. Constructs specified in the Transtheoretical Model are useful in describing condom use and have implications for targeting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted diseases (STD)/unintended pregnancy interventions. Published by The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Educ Message Serv, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. RP Posner, SF (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway MS K20, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM shp5@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1227 EP 1233 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.037 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 876KR UT WOS:000225496200024 PM 15539060 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Gregg, EW AF Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Gregg, EW TI Trends in cigarette smoking among US adults with diabetes: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE age groups; diabetes; sex; smoking; trends ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; MELLITUS; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; DEATH AB Background. Smoking substantially increases morbidity and mortality rates in people with diabetes. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of smoking among people with diabetes is similar to that among people without diabetes. We sought to examine temporal trends in the prevalence of smoking among people with diabetes since 1990. Methods. We analyzed data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 1990-2001. Results. The age-adjusted prevalence of smoking among adults with diabetes was 23.6% (men, 25.4%; women, 22.2%) in 1990 and 23.2% (men, 24.8%; women, 21.9%) in 2001. In comparison, the prevalence among participants without diabetes was 24.2% (men, 25.7%; women, 22.8%) in 1990 and 23.2% (men, 24.8%; women, 21.5%) in 2001. Thus, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was similar and remained stable from 1990 through 2001. Among participants with diabetes, significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking occurred among African Americans and those aged greater than or equal to65 years. Conclusions. New efforts and commitments to promote smoking cessation among people with diabetes are needed. Published by The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1238 EP 1242 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.039 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 876KR UT WOS:000225496200026 PM 15539062 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK AF Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK TI Prescription weight loss pill use among Americans: patterns of pill use and lessons learned from the fen-phen market withdrawal SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE obesity; prescriptions (drug); Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ID OPEN-LABEL; FENFLURAMINE; PHENTERMINE; MEDICATION; HEALTH AB Background. Despite the popularity of antiobesity medications, there is a lack of population-based data on their use. In addition, response (termination of pill use and receipt of an echocardiogram) to the fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine market withdrawal among the public has not been described. Lessons learned from this event have implications for future withdrawals. Methods. We used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) a random-digit telephone survey. In 1998, six states included detailed questions about the use of prescription weight loss pills in the previous 2 years, n = 16,460 noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older. Results. Almost one third of prescription weight loss pills users were not obese before taking pills. Family and friends and other nonphysicians were reported as sources of medication by one in ten users. One third of users also reported taking nonprescription diet products. Among fenfluramine or dextenfluramine users, one third continued pill use after the market withdrawal and only one quarter received echocardiograms. Conclusions. Despite enormous publicity, many persons continued to use fen-phen after the market withdrawal and most did not receive follow-up echocardiograms. Our study raises issues regarding the effectiveness of withdrawal warnings in a small but significant subset. Additional means of communicating risk to individuals are needed for future product withdrawals including special strategies for those lacking healthcare coverage. Published by The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Hblanck@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1243 EP 1248 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.040 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 876KR UT WOS:000225496200027 PM 15539063 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Chapman, DP Kobau, R Balluz, L Mokdad, AH AF Strine, TW Chapman, DP Kobau, R Balluz, L Mokdad, AH TI Depression, anxiety, and physical impairments and quality of life in the US noninstitutionalized population SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Article ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; GENERAL MEDICAL CONDITIONS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MAJOR DEPRESSION; DISORDERS; DISABILITY; SYMPTOMS; BURDEN; SAMPLE AB Objective: The objective of this study was to examine health-related quality of life and health behaviors among persons reporting a primary mental health impairment compared with those reporting a primary physical health impairment and those reporting no impairment. Methods: Data were obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing state-based, random-digit telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. population aged 18 years or older. In 2001-2002, health-related quality-of-life measures were administered in 23 states and the District of Columbia. Results: An estimated 5.1 percent of U.S. adults reporting a primary health impairment indicated that a mental health problem was the primary cause. Those with a primary mental health impairment were more likely than those with a primary physical health impairment to report infrequent vitality (less than 14 days in the previous 30 days) and frequent occurrences of mental distress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety (at least 14 days in the previous 30 days). Relative to those who reported no impairment, persons who reported a mental health impairment were more likely to indicate that they experienced frequent physical distress and frequent pain. Persons with a primary mental health impairment were more likely than those with a primary physical health impairment to smoke and drink heavily. No significant difference was found in self-reported frequent sleeplessness or fair-to-poor general health between persons with a primary mental health impairment and those with a physical health impairment. Conclusions: Mental health impairment is strongly associated with reduced health-related quality of life and health behaviors, frequently at levels equal to or exceeding those of physical health impairments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM twsz@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 12 BP 1408 EP 1413 DI 10.1176/appi.ps.55.12.1408 PG 6 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 876LU UT WOS:000225499200010 PM 15572569 ER PT J AU Archer, SL Greenlund, KJ Valdez, R Casper, ML Rith-Najarian, S Croft, JB AF Archer, SL Greenlund, KJ Valdez, R Casper, ML Rith-Najarian, S Croft, JB TI Differences in food habits and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Native Americans with and without diabetes: the Inter-Tribal Heart Project SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE diabetes; food habits; Native Americans ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LIFE-STYLE; NUTRITION INTERVENTION; MELLITUS; INDIANS; PREVALENCE; EXERCISE; ADULTS; CARE; DIET AB Objective: To examine differences in food habits among Native Americans with and without diabetes. Design: A cross-sectional epidemiological study in which participants underwent a physical examination and answered an extensive interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess differences in food servings, preparation and eating habits. Setting/participants: Participants aged g25 years were randomly selected from three reservations in Minnesota and Wisconsin. There were 990 persons without diabetes, 294 with a prior diagnosis of diabetes, and 80 with fasting glucose >125 mg dl(-1) but no prior diabetes diagnosis. Results: Persons with prior diabetes diagnosis were less likely than those without diabetes to report eating fast-food meals two or more times per week, eat visible fat on meat or the skin on poultry, eat fried chicken or fried fish, to add fat to cooked vegetables and drink whole milk. Persons with previously undiagnosed diabetes were more likely than previously diagnosed persons to report eating fast-food meals two or more times per week, eat visible fat on meat and the skin on poultry, drink whole milk and eat fried fish, but were less likely to drink low-fat milk. Previously undiagnosed persons were more likely than either diagnosed persons or persons without diabetes to consume lard from cooked foods and use it when cooking. Conclusion: Persons with diagnosed diabetes showed healthier eating patterns than those without diabetes, while undiagnosed persons showed some less favourable patterns. Because virtually all persons with diabetes in these communities receive nutrition education, the results suggest that nutrition education programmes for diabetics may be associated with healthier eating patterns. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Bemidji Area Indian Hlth Serv, Bemidji, MN USA. RP Greenlund, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM keg9@cdc.gov RI Archer, Stephen/C-3621-2013 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 7 IS 8 BP 1025 EP 1032 DI 10.1079/PHN2004639 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 873GT UT WOS:000225268600007 PM 15548340 ER PT J AU Barofsky, I Erickson, P Eberhardt, M AF Barofsky, I Erickson, P Eberhardt, M TI Comparison of a single global item and an index of a multi-item health status measure among persons with and without diabetes in the US SO QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aggregated multi-item health status assessment; diabetes; health-status assessments; NHANES; NHEFS; self-assessed health status ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SELF-RATED HEALTH; MOS SHORT-FORM; UTILITIES INDEX; COOP CHARTS; MEDICAL OUTCOMES; CLINICAL-TRIAL; VALIDITY; CARE; SCORES AB This study examined the hypothesis that a single global item can be substituted for an index of a multi-item assessment and lead to equivalent interpretative outcomes. Substitutability would be demonstrated if: ( 1) the two measures were strongly correlated, and regression analysis showed that the same variables accounted for variation in each measure, and ( 2) difference scores between multi-item and global scores were close to zero and remained so as socio-demographic and co-morbid conditions varied. A multi-item assessment was constructed by mapping items from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS), using available data for persons with and without diabetes, onto the health-status classification system of the Health Utilities Index Mark 1 (HUI), creating the NHEFS-HUI. NHEFS-HUI data, when correlated to the self-assessed health status (SAHS) item, revealed a coefficient of 0.55. Regression analyses identified 9 of 14 variables contributed to the variability of each health status index, but differences existed in which variables were significant for which measure. Five of the possible 14 difference scores for persons with diabetes and non-diabetics approached zero. Persons with diabetes had lower NHEFS-HUI scores than non-diabetics. These data were considered insufficient for demonstrating substitutability. Suggestions were made on how optimal substitutability could be achieved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Barofsky, I (reprint author), Qual Life Sci, 25 Oak Ridge Rd, E Sandwich, MA 02537 USA. EM ibarofsky@adelphia.net NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-9343 J9 QUAL LIFE RES JI Qual. Life Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1671 EP 1681 DI 10.1007/s11136-004-0258-4 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 872DF UT WOS:000225186200005 PM 15651538 ER PT J AU Kane, EM Turcios, RM Arvay, ML Garcia, S Bresee, JS Glass, RI AF Kane, EM Turcios, RM Arvay, ML Garcia, S Bresee, JS Glass, RI TI The epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in Latin America. Anticipating rotavirus vaccines SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; disease outbreaks; burden of illness; epidemiology; Latin America ID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; CHILDREN; DISEASE; IMMUNIZATION; SURVEILLANCE; MONTEVIDEO; INFECTION; PATHOGENS; FEATURES; URUGUAY AB Objective. To assess the disease burden and characterize the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in Latin America. Methods. We conducted a literature review of studies of children < 5 years of age who were hospitalized or seen as outpatients for diarrhea and for whom rotavirus was sought as the etiologic agent of the diarrhea. This review included inpatient and outpatient studies published since 1998 that included at least 100 children and reported surveillance activities lasting at least 12 consecutive months. Results. A total of 18 inpatient and 10 outpatient studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Rotavirus was detected in a median of 31% of inpatients (range, 16%-52%) and 30.5% of outpatients (range, 4%-42%). The median detection rate was higher in studies that used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (inpatients 38%, outpatients 33%) versus less sensitive methods of detection. The age distribution Of rotavirus disease varied among countries, with 65%-85% of children hospitalized in the first year of life. Most countries had rotavirus admissions year round, and rotavirus generally exhibited a winter seasonal peak in both temperate and tropical climates. Conclusions. The heavy burden of disease attributable to rotavirus in Latin America suggests that vaccines currently being tested could have considerable impact in preventing hospitalizations, clinic visits, and deaths. The findings of the young age distribution of patients highlight the importance of early immunization for the success of a vaccine program. The data suggest that future surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea in Latin America should use a standardized surveillance protocol with an ELISA for detection. Data from surveillance studies will be critical to monitor the impact of the future introduction of vaccines. C1 Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. RP Turcios, RM (reprint author), Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS A34,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RTurcios@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD DEC PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 371 EP 377 DI 10.1590/S1020-49892004001200002 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 899XQ UT WOS:000227179500002 PM 15673479 ER PT J AU Dietz, V Venczel, L Izurieta, H Stroh, G Zell, ER Monterroso, E Tambini, G AF Dietz, V Venczel, L Izurieta, H Stroh, G Zell, ER Monterroso, E Tambini, G TI Assessing and monitoring vaccination coverage levels: lessons from the Americas SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE mass immunization; immunization programs; health care evaluation mechanisms; health surveys; population surveillance; Americas ID IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE; ERADICATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immnizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dietz, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immnizat Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vxd0@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD DEC PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 432 EP 442 DI 10.1590/S1020-49892004001200013 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 899XQ UT WOS:000227179500010 PM 15673487 ER PT J AU Hoffman, CD Henneberger, PK Olin, AC Mehta, A Toren, K AF Hoffman, CD Henneberger, PK Olin, AC Mehta, A Toren, K TI Exposure to ozone gases in pulp mills and the onset of rhinitis SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE worker; bleachery; ozone ID LUNG HEALTH CONSEQUENCES; INDEPENDENT RISK-FACTOR; ALLERGIC RHINITIS; RESPIRATORY-HEALTH; PERENNIAL RHINITIS; GASSING INCIDENTS; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; AIR-QUALITY; ASTHMA; WORKERS AB Objective Rhinitis is a common upper respiratory disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is also accepted that allergic rhinitis may precede asthma, a disease with more serious consequences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the risk of noninfectious rhinitis is increased after accidental gassings with ozone among bleachery workers in two pulp mills. Methods Bleachery workers (N=120) from two Swedish pulp mills using ozone as their bleaching agent were compared with control workers (N=80) not exposed to ozone in two adjacent paper mills. All of the participants were mailed a respiratory questionnaire that included items about asthma, noninfectious rhinitis, self-reported gassings, and smoking. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated with proportional hazards regression models. Results The bleachery workers who reported gassings from ozone were found to be at increased risk of noninfectious rhinitis [HR 3.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-8.7] when compared with control workers. Bleachery workers without self-reported ozone gassings were not at increased risk (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.3-2.4). Conclusion Acute exposure to high levels of ozone increases the risk of noninfectious rhinitis. This finding supports the view that peak exposures to irritants should be prevented in pulp mills. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Resp Med & Allergol, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Henneberger, PK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM pkh0@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 6 BP 445 EP 449 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 882EV UT WOS:000225922700004 PM 15633595 ER PT J AU Iverson, CJ Wang, SA Lee, MV Ohye, RG Trees, DL Knapp, JS Effler, PV O'Connor, NP Levine, WC AF Iverson, CJ Wang, SA Lee, MV Ohye, RG Trees, DL Knapp, JS Effler, PV O'Connor, NP Levine, WC TI Fluoroquinolone resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Hawaii, 1990-2000 - Role of foreign importation and increasing endemic spread SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; SURVEILLANCE AB Objectives: In 1999, an increase in ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates was identified in Hawaii, prompting initiation of investigative studies. Goals: The goal of this study was epidemiologic evaluation of this increase. Study: The authors conducted a review of laboratory data; case-series and case-control studies based on medical record review; and a prospective case-control study based on patient interviews. Results: A total of 10.4% (21 of 201) of gonococcal isolates from Hawaii in 2000 were ciprofloxacin-resistant compared with < 1.5 % per year from 1990 to 1997. From medical record review for patients diagnosed with ciprofloxacin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae infection from 1990 to 1999, 59 % were Asian/Pacific Islanders and 91 % were heterosexual. From review of 1998 and 1999 sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic medical records, patients with ciprofloxacin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae were more likely to report recent foreign travel or a sex partner with recent foreign travels. than patients with ciprofloxacin-susceptible N. gonorrhoeae (6 of 12 vs. 10 of 117, P <0.001), but 50% (6 of 12) acquired a ciprofloxacin-resistant strain locally from a partner with no recent travel. In 2000, 70% (7 of 10) of STD clinic patients with ciprofloxacin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae acquired their infection locally from partners with no reported recent travel. Conclusions: Infections with ciprofloxacin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae are increasing and evolving, in Hawaii. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV,STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gonorrhea Mol Epidemiol Lab, Lab Reference & Res Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevnt,Natl Ctr HIV,, Atlanta, GA USA. Hawaii Dept Hlth State Lab, Pearl City, HI USA. Hawaii Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Iverson, CJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Grady Mem Hosp, 49 Jesse Hill Jr St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM civerso@emory.edu NR 14 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 BP 702 EP 708 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000145846.45781.a4 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 874JN UT WOS:000225346800001 PM 15608583 ER PT J AU Golden, MR Hogben, M Potterat, JJ Handsfield, HH AF Golden, MR Hogben, M Potterat, JJ Handsfield, HH TI HIV partner notification in the United States - A national survey of program coverage and outcomes SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; SEXUAL PARTNERS; INFECTION; RISK; EPIDEMIC; SYPHILIS; COLORADO; TRIAL AB Objective: The objective of this study was to define the scope and case-finding success of HIV partner notification (PN) in the United States. Study: The authors conducted an analysis of PN data from metropolitan areas >500,000 reporting greater than or equal to200AIDS cases in 2001. Results: Data were collected from 28 (72%) of 39 eligible jurisdictions. In 22 jurisdictions with reportable HIV, health departments interviewed 32% of 20,353 persons with newly reported HIV. Among 6394 sex or needle-sharing partners, 19% had been previously HIV-diagnosed; 10% tested HIV-positive; 32% tested HIV-negative; and 39% were not notified, denied previous HIV diagnosis and refused HIV testing, or outcome was unknown. Health departments interviewed 13.8 persons to identify 1 new case of HIV (range, 1.0-196). Areas in which larger proportions of AIDS cases occurred among men who have sex with men reported less success identifying new cases of HIV through PN. Conclusions: HIV PN programs identify new cases of HIV but have variable success and affect a minority of persons reported with HIV. C1 Washington Univ, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA USA. Washington Univ, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA USA. Seattle & King Cty STD Program, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Golden, MR (reprint author), Harborview Med Ctr, Box 35977,325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM golden@u.washington.edu RI Potterat, John/B-4680-2009 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI01846] NR 24 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 BP 709 EP 712 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000145847.65523.43 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 874JN UT WOS:000225346800002 PM 15608584 ER PT J AU Schillinger, JA Xu, FJ Sternberg, MR Armstrong, GL Lee, FK Nahmias, AJ Mcquillan, GM St Louis, ME Markowitz, LE AF Schillinger, JA Xu, FJ Sternberg, MR Armstrong, GL Lee, FK Nahmias, AJ Mcquillan, GM St Louis, ME Markowitz, LE TI National seroprevalence and trends in herpes simplex virus type 1 in the United States, 1976-1994 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENITAL-ULCER-DISEASE; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; NATURAL-HISTORY; CHANGING TRENDS; HIGH PREVALENCE; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN; POPULATION AB Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate national seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), describe trends in seroprevalence, and examine correlates of infection. Goal: The goal of this study was to measure the burden of HSV-1 infection in the U.S. population. Study: We tested serum samples for HSV-1 antibody and analyzed questionnaire data collected for the second and third National Health and Nutrition Surveys (NHANES II, 1976-80; NHANES III, 198894). Seroprevalence estimates were weighted to represent the total U.S. population. Results: At the time of NHANES III, two thirds (68%) of the U.S. population 12 years and older had HSV-1 antibody. Prevalence increased with age and varied by race/ethnicity; the majority of persons in all race/ethnic groups were HSV-1-seropositive by age 30. Overall, the national seroprevallence of HSV-1 decreased nonsignificantly by 2% in the years between NHANES II and III; decreases in HSV-1 seroprevalence in some population subgroups were balanced by increases in other groups. Conclusions: There was no overall change in the seroprevalence of HSV-1 in the U.S. population between NHANES II and III. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Schillinger, JA (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, 125 Worth St,Room 207,CN 73, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM jus8@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI19554] NR 59 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 BP 753 EP 760 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000145852.43262.c3 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 874JN UT WOS:000225346800009 PM 15608591 ER PT J AU Aral, SO AF Aral, SO TI Sexual risk behaviour and infection: epidemiological considerations SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Measurement of Sexual Behaviour CY SEP, 2003 CL London Sch Hygiene Trop Med, London, ENGLAND HO London Sch Hygiene Trop Med ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; PREVENT INCIDENT STDS; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS; BRIDGE POPULATIONS; HIV-INFECTION; CONDOM USE; INTERVENTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soa1@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 80 SU 2 BP 8 EP 12 DI 10.1136/sti.2004.011866 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 879QO UT WOS:000225732500002 ER PT J AU Carter, MW AF Carter, MW TI Gender and community context: An analysis of husbands' household authority in rural Guatemala SO SOCIOLOGICAL FORUM LA English DT Article DE gender; Guatemala; rural; development; migration ID CONSENSUAL UNIONS; LATIN-AMERICA; BANGLADESH; INCOME; WOMEN AB Drawing on research about women's autonomy, gender, and development, and Latin America, I analyze individual, household, and community-level factors associated with husbands' sole authority with regard to four household issues: (1) money management; decision-making about (2) food purchases, (3) medicine purchases, and (4) health providers. The results point to how husbands' authority varies across household issues and how the dynamics of authority differ with regard to money management and the other decision-making issues studied. This study found that husbands' authority varied not only by individual characteristics but also by community features and thus adds to efforts to represent more fully how context matters to household gender relations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Carter, MW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mwcarter@fastmail.fm NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8971 J9 SOCIOL FORUM JI Sociol. Forum PD DEC PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 633 EP 652 DI 10.1007/s11206-004-0699-0 PG 20 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 884WF UT WOS:000226116700006 ER PT J AU Fowler, BA AF Fowler, BA TI Altered nuclear factor kappa-B activity and mercury-induced kidney tubule cell apoptosis: Implications for renal failure SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Agcy Tox Subst, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fowler, BA (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst, Div Toxicol, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bxf9@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 82 IS 2 BP 361 EP 362 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfh303 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 873AY UT WOS:000225252300001 PM 15573419 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, AM Beecham, BD Montgomery, SP Lanciotti, RS Linnen, JM Giachetti, C Pietrelli, LA Stramer, SL Safranek, TJ AF de Oliveira, AM Beecham, BD Montgomery, SP Lanciotti, RS Linnen, JM Giachetti, C Pietrelli, LA Stramer, SL Safranek, TJ TI West Nile virus blood transfusion-related infection despite nucleic acid testing SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; RISK; TRANSMISSION; DONATIONS; EPIDEMIC; ASSAY AB BACKGROUND: A case of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis associated with transfusion of blood that did not react when tested for WNV by minipool (MP) nucleic acid testing (NAT) is described. A Nebraska man developed clinical encephalitis 13 days after surgery and transfusion of 26 blood components. Antibody testing confirmed WNV infection. An investigation was initiated to determine the source of this infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The patient's family members were interviewed to identify risk factors for WNV infection. Residual samples were retested for WNV RNA using transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay and two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Blood donors' follow-up serum samples were collected. All samples were tested for WNV-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies. RESULTS: The patient's family denied recent mosquito exposure. The 20 blood components collected after July 2003 did not react when tested for WNV in a six-member MP-NAT at the time of donation. Retrospective individual testing identified one sample as WNV-reactive by the TMA assay and one of the PCR assays. Seroconversion was demonstrated in the donor associated with this sample. CONCLUSION: WNV RNA detection by individual donation NAT demonstrates viremic blood escaping MP-NAT and supports transfusion-related WNV transmission. MP-NAT may not detect all WNV-infected blood donors, allowing WNV transmission to continue at low levels. WNV NAT assays might vary in sensitivity and pooling donations could further impact test performance. Understanding MP NAT limitations can improve strategies to maintain safety of the blood supply in the United States. C1 CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Off Epidemiol, Lincoln, NE USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Gen Probe Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Roche Mol Syst Inc, Pleasanton, CA USA. Amer Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Safranek, TJ (reprint author), Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv, 301 Centenniall Mall S,POB 95007, Lincoln, NE 68509 USA. EM tom.safranek@hhss.state.ne.us NR 22 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1695 EP 1699 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 879FU UT WOS:000225702600005 ER PT J AU Mahalingam, S Damon, IK Lidbury, BA AF Mahalingam, S Damon, IK Lidbury, BA TI 25 years since the eradication of smallpox: why poxvirus research is still relevant SO TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT MYXOMA VIRUS; VACCINIA VIRUS; INFECTION; MONKEYPOX; RESISTANCE; RECEPTOR; MOUSEPOX; IMMUNITY; PROTEIN; CLONING AB The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the eradication of smallpox twenty-five years ago this month. This conquest of an infectious disease, which has been the bane of humankind for centuries, still stands as the WHO's greatest achievement. The anniversary of such a scientific and medical landmark provides an appropriate occasion to reflect on this feat and to assess the significance and necessity of the poxvirus research that has followed this. C1 Univ Wollongong, Dept Sci Biol, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Canberra, Sch Hlth Sci, Gadi Res Ctr Hlth & Med Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Mahalingam, S (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Dept Sci Biol, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM sureshm@uow.edu.au NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4906 J9 TRENDS IMMUNOL JI Trends Immunol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 25 IS 12 BP 636 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.it.2004.10.002 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 876WX UT WOS:000225530500006 PM 15530831 ER PT J AU Dondorp, AM Newton, PN Mayxay, M Van Damme, W Smithuis, FM Yeung, S Petit, A Lynam, AJ Johnson, A Hien, TT McGready, R Farrar, JJ Looareesuwan, S Day, NPJ Green, MD White, NJ AF Dondorp, AM Newton, PN Mayxay, M Van Damme, W Smithuis, FM Yeung, S Petit, A Lynam, AJ Johnson, A Hien, TT McGready, R Farrar, JJ Looareesuwan, S Day, NPJ Green, MD White, NJ TI Fake antimalarials in Southeast Asia are a major impediment to malaria control: multinational cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of fake antimalarials SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE counterfeit drugs; fake antimalarials; Southeast Asia; malaria ID ARTESUNATE; DRUGS AB Objective To assess the prevalence of counterfeit antimalarial drugs in Southeast (SE) Asia. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Pharmacies and shops selling antimalarial drugs in Myanmar (Burma), Lao PDR, Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand. Main Outcome Measures Proportion of artemisinin derivatives or mefloquine containing drugs of substandard quality. Results Of the 188 tablet packs purchased which were labelled as 'artesunate' 53% did not contain any artesunate. All counterfeit artesunate tablets were labelled as manufactured by 'Guilin Pharma', and refinements of the fake blisterpacks made them often hard to distinguish from their genuine counterparts. No other artemisinin derivatives were found to be counterfeited. Of the 44 mefloquine samples, 9% contained <10% of the expected amount of active ingredient. Conclusions An alarmingly high proportion of antimalarial drugs bought in pharmacies and shops in mainland SE Asia are counterfeit, and the problem has increased significantly compared with our previous survey in 1999-2000. This is a serious threat to public health in the region. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp Oxford Trop Med Res C, Viangchan, Laos. Inst Trop Med, Dept Publ Hlth, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Med Sans Frontieres, Yangon, Myanmar. Thailand Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bangkok 10210, Thailand. Lao PDR Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Viangchan, Laos. Shoklo Malaria Res Unit, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Hosp Ctr Trop Dis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Hosp Trop Dis, Oxford Univ Clin Res Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP White, NJ (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM nickw@tropmedres.ac RI Van Damme, Wim/F-7404-2011; White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012; OI Lynam, Antony/0000-0002-8395-7902; McGready, Rose/0000-0003-1621-3257 NR 12 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 EI 1365-3156 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1241 EP 1246 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01342.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 878HQ UT WOS:000225637800002 PM 15598255 ER PT J AU Kosoy, M Mandel, E Green, D Marston, E Childs, J AF Kosoy, M Mandel, E Green, D Marston, E Childs, J TI Prospective studies of Bartonella of rodents. Part I. Demographic and temporal patterns in population dynamics SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bartonella; infection ecology; Sigmodon hispidus ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; SOUTHERN; RATS; CAT; UK AB The temporal dynamics of Bartonella infections in a rodent community were described by repeatedly capturing and sampling individual animals. Among six rodent species, from which bartonellae were isolated, cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) accounted for >98% of the bacteremic animals. All cotton rats captured four or more times were Bartonella-culture positive at least once. The lowest monthly prevalence of Bartonella in cotton rats was in June (49%) and the highest was in October (95%). Prevalence of Bartonella infection increased to >90% among juvenile and subadult rats before declining to <40% among the largest-oldest individuals. Bacteremia levels ranged between 40 and 4.0 X 10(6) colony forming units (CFU) per 1 mL of blood. Male cotton rats had significantly higher CFUs than females (P = 0.006). The median of Bartonella bacteremia decreased monotonically by age group among cotton rats. Although Bartonella infections were highly prevalent among cotton rats, only 8.5% of rats had reactive antibodies at titers of greater than or equal to1:32 and none had antibodies titers of >1:256. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kosoy, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM mck3@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1089/vbz.2004.4.285 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 888MW UT WOS:000226379700003 PM 15671735 ER PT J AU Kosoy, M Mandel, E Green, D Marston, E Jones, D Childs, J AF Kosoy, M Mandel, E Green, D Marston, E Jones, D Childs, J TI Prospective studies of Bartonella of rodents. Part II. Diverse infections in a single rodent community SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bartonella; disease evolution; Sigmodon hispidus ID CITRATE SYNTHASE GENE; SCRATCH DISEASE AGENT; FLEAS SIPHONAPTERA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SOUTHERN CHINA; HENSELAE; PREVALENCE; CATS; RATS; MICE AB The genetic diversity of Bartonella species within a small mammal community and in individual cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) was examined by trapping, capturing, sampling, and releasing of marked animals over a 17-month interval. Based on sequence analyses of the Bartonella gltA gene, amplicons separated into four genogroups (A, B, C, and Pin) containing 11 variants. Although the prevalence of bacteremia due to different genogroups/variants of Bartonella was temporally variable, variants of genogroup A predominated during each sampling period. Multiple gltA variants were often (20.5% of individuals) isolated from a single cotton rat blood sample; a maximum of five variants was recovered from an individual during its sampling history. Among 92 cotton rats bacteremic at two or more sampling dates, 34 rats retained a single genetic variant, alone or in mixed infection, throughout their sampling history. The temporal course of individual infections was complex as the succession of gltA variants was variable and detectable bacteremia was often intermittent. No antibodies (titer of >1:8) were detected to homologous strains of Bartonella recovered from individual cotton rats during their sampling history. The temporal course of Bartonella infections could result from a single, persistent, and potentially multi-genogroup/variant infection, during which variants differentially dominate the detectable bacteremia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kosoy, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM mck3@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 296 EP 305 DI 10.1089/vbz.2004.4.296 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 888MW UT WOS:000226379700004 PM 15671736 ER PT J AU Massung, RF Priestley, RA Levin, ML AF Massung, RF Priestley, RA Levin, ML TI Transmission route efficacy and kinetics of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Anaplasma phagocytophilum; human anaplasmosis; Ehrlichiosis; Peromyscus leucopus; white-footed mouse; infection route ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; IXODES-DAMMINI; UNITED-STATES; LYME-DISEASE; AGENT; MICE; BABESIOSIS; VECTOR; TICKS; PCR AB Anaplasma phagocytophilum was used to infect Peromyscus leucopus mice by three routes of inoculation: infected tick infestation and intraperitoneal (IP) and subcutaneous (SQ) injection of infected tissue culture cells. A set of 12 mice were infected (four tick, four IP, and four SQ), and blood was drawn at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 21, 28, 35, and 60 days post-infection and analyzed by use of a quantitative PCR assay to assess the level of infection. An additional set of 108 mice were infected (36 tick, 36 IP, 36 SQ) and euthanized at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 21, 28, and 35 days post-infection (four mice/time point), and blood, spleen, bone marrow, and bladder tissue samples were analyzed. Tick infection generally produced the highest average levels of infection and peaked at 9 days post-infestation in blood, spleen, and bone marrow and at 6 days after infestation in the bladder. IP injection resulted in levels of infection that peaked on day 6 (spleen) or 12 (bladder, bone marrow, and blood). A. phagocytophilum injected SQ showed low levels of infection, and the day of peak infection varied. The average level of infection in the blood draw-stressed mice was consistently higher and peaked earlier than infection in the non-stressed, euthanized mice. Xenodiagnosis was used to assay a third set of 12 mice (four tick, four IP, and four SQ) on days 7 and 14 post-infection and ticks fed on tick-infected mice showed the highest rate of PCR-positive test results at both time points (day 7, 22.2%; day 14, 17.3%). These data indicate that P. leucopus mice can be infected by tick infestation, IP injection, or SQ injection but that the kinetics and level of infection are quite variable among individual mice, may be influenced by the route of inoculation, and may be further altered by common laboratory procedures such as repeated collection of blood samples. C1 CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfm2@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 310 EP 318 DI 10.1089/vbz.2004.4.310 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 888MW UT WOS:000226379700006 PM 15682514 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Levin, ML AF Loftis, AD Levin, ML TI Lack of susceptibility of guinea pigs and gerbils to experimental infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE guinea pigs; Cavia porcellus; gerbils; Meriones unguiculatus; ticks; Amblyomma americanum; Ehrlichia chaffeensis ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; WHITE-TAILED DEER; LABORATORY-ANIMALS; SPOTTED-FEVER; IXODIDAE; RICKETTSIALES; TICKS; TRANSMISSION; TENNESSEE; HOSTS AB Guinea pigs and Mongolian gerbils were experimentally infected with Ehrlichia chaffeensis (St. Vincent strain, 10 passages in vitro). The infection was monitored by serial blood sampling for PCR and by xenodiagnosis with Amblyomma americanum larvae. Exposure to the pathogen was confirmed using serology. Neither guinea pigs nor gerbils were susceptible to infection with E. chaffeensis, and ticks fed upon these animals did not become infected with the pathogen. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aloftis@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 319 EP 322 DI 10.1089/vbz.2004.4.319 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 888MW UT WOS:000226379700007 PM 15682515 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Nicholson, WL Levin, ML AF Loftis, AD Nicholson, WL Levin, ML TI Evaluation of immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice (Mus musculus) for infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis and transmission to Amblyomma americanum ticks SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE mice; Mus muscidus; ticks; Amblyomma americanum; Ehrlichia chaffeensis ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; GAMMA-INTERFERON; SPOTTED-FEVER; T-LYMPHOCYTES; C3H/HEJ MICE; SCID MICE; IXODIDAE; ACARI; MOUSE AB Experiments on the natural history of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), would be facilitated by the availability of a laboratory animal model for transmission to vector ticks. Five strains of mice were evaluated for their susceptibility to infection with E. chaffeensis and transmission competence: C57BL/6 mice, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) deficient mice, MHC I deficient (beta2m -/-) mice, MHC II deficient mice (Abb -/-), and B and T cell deficient (Rag1 -/-) mice. Mice were inoculated with a low passage isolate of E. chaffeensis, and infection and morbidity were monitored for 57 days. Three xenodiagnostic infestations with A. americanum nymphs were performed 1, 8, and 15 days following inoculation. C57BL/6 mice cleared the organism in less than 17 days, with no indication of morbidity, and mounted a rapid, strong antibody response. Transmission to feeding A. americanum nymphs was seen in 1/30 nymphs fed on C57BL/6 mice immediately after inoculation. In MHC I and iNOS deficient mice, pathogen DNA was detected up to 17 or 24 days, respectively, after inoculation. Persistent infection for the duration of the experiment (57 days) was observed in MHC II deficient mice. However, E. chaffeensis was not detected in ticks fed on iNOS, MHC I, or MHC II deficient mice. Susceptibility to infection was greatest in Rag1 knockout mice, with significant morbidity and mortality within 24 days after inoculation. E. chaffeensis DNA was detected in up to 55% of replete nymphs that fed on Rag1 mice. However, E. chaffeensis was not detected in molted adult ticks from the same cohorts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aloftis@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 323 EP 333 DI 10.1089/vbz.2004.4.323 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 888MW UT WOS:000226379700008 PM 15671738 ER PT J AU Conti, LA Belcuore, TR Nicholson, WL Paddock, CD Jenelle, J Singleton, J Childs, JE Huey, M Wiersma, S Hopkins, RS AF Conti, LA Belcuore, TR Nicholson, WL Paddock, CD Jenelle, J Singleton, J Childs, JE Huey, M Wiersma, S Hopkins, RS TI Pseudoepidemic of Q fever at an animal research facility SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Q fever; Coxiella burnetii; pseudoepidemic; pseudo outbreak; zoonosis ID COXIELLA-BURNETII INFECTIONS; PSEUDO-OUTBREAK; SHEEP; SEROPREVALENCE; SCHOOL AB Serum samples from people exposed to sheep at a research facility were evaluated by a commercial laboratory and resulted in an overall Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence of 75%. We interviewed individuals to determine exposure history and compatible illness, and retested their sera. Analysis indicated that the commercial laboratory was misinterpreting its results; when corrected, the seroprevalence dropped to 27%. Test kits of the brand used by the commercial laboratory gave equivalent results to the in-house CDC assay when tested in parallel at CDC. Upon final analysis, only the attending veterinarian was confirmed as a Q fever case. This event resulted in increased risk reduction protocols at the research facility and improved public health communication among health authorities. This pseudoepidemic resulted from a lapse in laboratory quality control for testing. Similar errors can be avoided through standardization and improved review of laboratory procedures. C1 Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Gainesville, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Conti, LA (reprint author), 4052 Bald Cypress Way, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. EM lisa_conti@doh.state.fl.us RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1089/vbz.2004.4.343 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 888MW UT WOS:000226379700010 PM 15682517 ER PT J AU Farajollahi, A Gates, R Crans, W Komar, N AF Farajollahi, A Gates, R Crans, W Komar, N TI Serologic evidence of West Nile virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus infections in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from New Jersey, 2001 SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; St. Louis encephalitis virus; serosurvey; white-tailed deer ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES AB Serum samples from 689 hunter-killed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) collected during the 2001 fall hunting season in New Jersey were tested for neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) by plaque-reduction neutralization tests. WNV-neutralizing antibodies were detected in six (0.9%) of the samples, and SLEV-neutralizing antibodies were found in 11 (1.6%) of the samples. We provide the first report of WNV infection in white-tailed deer. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Farajollahi, A (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, 180 Jones Ave, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM farajoll@rci.rutgers.edu NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 379 EP 383 DI 10.1089/vbz.2004.4.379 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 888MW UT WOS:000226379700013 PM 15671740 ER PT J AU Schneider, BS Soong, L Zeidner, NS Higgs, S AF Schneider, BS Soong, L Zeidner, NS Higgs, S TI Aedes aegypti salivary gland extracts modulate anti-viral and T(H)1/T(H)2 cytokine responses to Sindbis virus infection SO VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS; YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES; IFN-GAMMA PRODUCTION; SAND FLY SALIVA; DIFFERENTIAL MODULATION; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ARTHROPOD SALIVA AB Vector-borne viruses are naturally transmitted when a vector salivates during feeding on a vertebrate host. Most laboratory studies of infection disregard the role that the vector plays in the pathogenesis of the virus. In this study, intradermal inoculations of Aedes aegypti salivary gland extract (SGE) and Sindbis virus (SINV) were used to investigate the effect of mosquito feeding on the vertebrate immune response to infection with an arthropod-borne virus. Murine cytokine expression in the skin was quantified by means of real-time RT-PCR. In response to co-inoculation of SINV with SGE, interferon (IFN)-beta expression at 24 and 72 h post inoculation was significantly reduced by 2.2- and 2.3-fold, respectively, when compared to injection of virus alone. IFN-gamma expression in response to SINV infection was significantly decreased by 1.6-fold at 24 h post inoculation when SGE was co-inoculated. In contrast, interleukin (IL)-4 expression was significantly up regulated when SGE was co-inoculated at 24 h post inoculation becoming a 3.3-fold increase by 72 h post inoculation. Compared to expression with SINV alone, IL-10 expression showed a 7.6-fold increase by 72 h post inoculation in mice receiving SGE concurrently with virus. This study suggests that the response to virus is significantly different when an infection is initiated in the presence of mosquito salivary factors, and we identify a possible mechanism for potentiation of viral infections initiated by the natural mosquito vector or in the presence of mosquito saliva. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Higgs, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM sthiggs@utmb.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI47246]; ODCDC CDC HHS [T01/CCT622892] NR 49 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0882-8245 J9 VIRAL IMMUNOL JI Viral Immunol. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 17 IS 4 BP 565 EP 573 DI 10.1089/vim.2004.17.565 PG 9 WC Immunology; Virology SC Immunology; Virology GA 883VN UT WOS:000226043900011 PM 15671753 ER PT J AU Spielman, A Andreadis, TG Apperson, CS Cornel, AJ Day, JF Edman, JD Fish, D Harrington, LC Kiszewski, AE Lampman, R Lanzaro, GC Matuschka, FR Munstermann, LE Nasci, RS Norris, DE Novak, RJ Pollack, RJ Reisen, WK Reiter, P Savage, HM Tabachnick, WJ Wesson, DM AF Spielman, A Andreadis, TG Apperson, CS Cornel, AJ Day, JF Edman, JD Fish, D Harrington, LC Kiszewski, AE Lampman, R Lanzaro, GC Matuschka, FR Munstermann, LE Nasci, RS Norris, DE Novak, RJ Pollack, RJ Reisen, WK Reiter, P Savage, HM Tabachnick, WJ Wesson, DM TI Outbreak of West Nile virus in North America SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID HOST-FEEDING PATTERNS; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; UNITED-STATES; CULICIDAE; CULEX; VECTORS C1 Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Inst Pasteur, F-75724 Paris 15, France. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Spielman, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 26 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5701 BP 1473 EP 1473 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 875ST UT WOS:000225442700020 PM 15567836 ER PT J AU Petersen, LR Hayes, EB AF Petersen, LR Hayes, EB TI Westward ho? The spread of West Nile virus SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Petersen, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 22 BP 2257 EP 2259 DI 10.1056/NEJMp048261 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 873RH UT WOS:000225298100002 PM 15564540 ER PT J AU Simmerman, JM Thawatsupha, P Kingnate, D Fukuda, K Chaising, A Dowell, SF AF Simmerman, JM Thawatsupha, P Kingnate, D Fukuda, K Chaising, A Dowell, SF TI Influenza in Thailand: a case study for middle income countries SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; influenza surveillance; Thailand ID COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; WORKING ADULTS; HONG-KONG; VACCINATION; HEALTHY; CHILDREN; VIRUSES; COMMUNITY; POULTRY; ILLNESS AB Recent studies in Hong Kong and Singapore suggest that the annual impact of influenza in these wealthy tropical cities may be substantial, but little is known about the burden in middle-income tropical countries. We reviewed the status of influenza surveillance, vaccination, research, and policy in Thailand as of January 2004. From 1993 to 2002, 64-91 cases of clinically diagnosed influenza were reported per 100,000 persons per year. Influenza viruses were isolated in 34% of 4305 specimens submitted to the national influenza laboratory. Vaccine distribution figures suggest that less than 1% of the population is immunized against influenza each year. In January 2004, Thailand reported its first documented outbreak of influenza A H5N1 infection in poultry and the country's first human cases of avian influenza. Thailand's growing economy, well-developed public health infrastructure, and effective national immunization program could enable the country to take more active steps towards influenza control. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Int Emerging Infections Program, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Thailand Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. RP Simmerman, JM (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Int Emerging Infections Program, Bldg 7,3rd Floor,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM msimmerman@cdc.gov; sdowell@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.05.025 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 877ZF UT WOS:000225614000008 PM 15531035 ER PT J AU Zahran, HS Kobau, R Moriarty, DG Zack, MM Giles, WH Lando, J AF Zahran, HS Kobau, R Moriarty, DG Zack, MM Giles, WH Lando, J CA CDC TI Self-reported frequent mental distress among adults - United States, 1993-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 963-966, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zahran, HS (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 24 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 20 BP 2458 EP 2459 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 873TD UT WOS:000225303000007 ER PT J AU Ciesielski, C Tabidze, I Brown, C AF Ciesielski, C Tabidze, I Brown, C CA CDC TI Transmission of primary and secondary syphilis by oral Sex - Chicago, Illinois, 1998-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 966, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID INFECTION; HIV C1 Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60602 USA. CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ciesielski, C (reprint author), Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60602 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 24 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 20 BP 2459 EP 2461 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 873TD UT WOS:000225303000008 ER PT J AU Lukacs, SL Schoendorf, KC AF Lukacs, SL Schoendorf, KC CA CDC TI Racial/ethnic disparities in neonatal mortality - United States, 1989-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 655-658, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SURFACTANT THERAPY; BIRTH C1 CDC, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lukacs, SL (reprint author), CDC, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 24 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 20 BP 2461 EP 2462 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 873TD UT WOS:000225303000009 ER PT J AU Haber, P DeStefano, F Angulo, FJ Iskander, J Shadomy, SV Weintraub, E Chen, RT AF Haber, P DeStefano, F Angulo, FJ Iskander, J Shadomy, SV Weintraub, E Chen, RT TI Guillain-Barre syndrome following influenza vaccination SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EVENT-REPORTING-SYSTEM; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; UNITED-STATES; ASSOCIATION; INFECTION; VACCINES; SAFETY; VAERS AB Context An unexplained increase in the risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) occurred among recipients of the swine influenza vaccine in 1976-1977. Guillain-Barre syndrome remains the most frequent neurological condition reported after influenza vaccination to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) since its inception in 1990. Objective to evaluate trends of reports to VAERS of GBS following influenza vaccination in adults. Design, Setting, and Participants VAERS is the US national spontaneous reporting system for adverse events following vaccination. Reports of GBS in persons 18 years or older following influenza vaccination were evaluated for each influenza season from July 1, 1990, through June 30, 2003. The number of people vaccinated was estimated from the National Health Interview Survey and US census data. Beginning in 1994, active follow-up was conducted to verify GBS diagnosis and obtain other clinical details. Main Outcome Measure Reporting rates of GBS following influenza vaccination over time. Results From July 1990 through June 2003, VAERS received 501 reports of GBS following influenza vaccination in adults. The median onset interval (13 days) was longer than that of non-GBS reports of adverse events after influenza vaccine (1 day) (P<.001). The annual reporting rate decreased 4-fold from a high of 0.17 per 100 000 vaccinees in 1993-1994 to 0.04 in 2002-2003 (P<.001). A GBS diagnosis was confirmed in 82% of reports. Preceding illness within 4 weeks of vaccination was identified in 24% of reported cases. Conclusions From 1990 to 2003, VAERS reporting rates of GBS after influenza vaccination decreased. The long onset interval and low prevalence of other preexisting illnesses are consistent with a possible causal association between GBS and influenza vaccine. These findings require additional research, which can lead to a fuller understanding of the causes of GBS and its possible relationship with influenza vaccine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Haber, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PHaber@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 133 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 24 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 20 BP 2478 EP 2481 DI 10.1001/jama.292.20.2478 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 873TD UT WOS:000225303000022 PM 15562126 ER PT J AU Benjamin, SM Cadwell, BL Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Vinicor, F AF Benjamin, SM Cadwell, BL Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Vinicor, F TI A change in definition results in an increased number of adults with prediabetes in the United States SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; DIAGNOSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Benjamin, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Mail Stop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sbenjamin@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 22 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 21 BP 2386 EP 2386 DI 10.1001/archinte.164.21.2386-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 874FV UT WOS:000225337200015 PM 15557422 ER PT J AU Satten, GA Datta, S Moura, H Woolfitt, AR Carvalho, MD Carlone, GM De, BK Pavlopoulos, A Barr, JR AF Satten, GA Datta, S Moura, H Woolfitt, AR Carvalho, MD Carlone, GM De, BK Pavlopoulos, A Barr, JR TI Standardization and denoising algorithms for mass spectra to classify whole-organism bacterial specimens SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID OVARIAN-CANCER; SPECTROMETRY; SERUM; CLASSIFICATION; PATTERNS AB Motivation: Application of mass spectrometry in proteomics is a breakthrough in high-throughput analyses. Early applications have focused on protein expression profiles to differentiate among various types of tissue samples (e.g. normal versus tumor). Here our goal is to use mass spectra to differentiate bacterial species using whole-organism samples. The raw spectra are similar to spectra of tissue samples, raising some of the same statistical issues (e.g. non-uniform baselines and higher noise associated with higher baseline), but are substantially noisier. As a result, new preprocessing procedures are required before these spectra can be used for statistical classification. Results: In this study, we introduce novel preprocessing steps that can be used with any mass spectra. These comprise a standardization step and a denoising step. The noise level for each spectrum is determined using only data from that spectrum. Only spectral features that exceed a threshold defined by the noise level are subsequently used for classification. Using this approach, we trained the Random Forest program to classify 240 mass spectra into four bacterial types. The method resulted in zero prediction errors in the training samples and in two test datasets having 240 and 300 spectra, respectively. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Satten, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD NOV 22 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 17 BP 3128 EP 3136 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth372 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 874PD UT WOS:000225361400024 PM 15217815 ER PT J AU Wilson, KM Johnson, EIM Croom, HA Richards, KM Doughty, L Cunningham, PH Kemp, BE Branson, BM Dax, EM AF Wilson, KM Johnson, EIM Croom, HA Richards, KM Doughty, L Cunningham, PH Kemp, BE Branson, BM Dax, EM TI Incidence immunoassay for distinguishing recent from established HIV-1 infection in therapy-naive populations SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV diagnostic tests; acute infection; antibodies; epidemiology; seroprevalence; surveillance ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; AVIDITY; SEROCONVERSION; SPECIFICITY; ALGORITHM; PROTEIN AB Objective: To identify a specific marker of recent HIV-1 infection. Design: The humoral immune response in individuals recently infected with HIV-1 was followed by analysing the antibody isotype-specific response generated to HIV-1 antigens in sequential samples collected during and following seroconversion. Methods: Antibody isotype-specific HIV-1 Western blots were analysed to identify interactions indicative of recent HIV-1 infection. These responses were further quantified using an antibody isotype-specific enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay based on recombinant HIV-1 antigens. Results: During maturation of the immune response to HIV-1 infection, a rapid and enduring IgG(1) isotype response was seen to all the major proteins transcribed by env, gag and pol. An early transient peak of IgG(3) reactivity to p24 was observed over an interval of approximately 1-4 months following HIV-1 infection. The presence of IgG(3) reactivity to p24 permitted established infection to be distinguished from recently infected individuals during this time period. Conclusion: An assay for anti-p24 IgG(3) reactivity would provide an estimate of the incidence of HIV infection that may be applicable for epidemiological surveys as well as for monitoring new infections during vaccine trials and for managing treatment programmes. (C) 2004 Lippincott Willianis Wilkins. C1 St Vincents Inst, Natl Serol Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. St Vincents Hosp, Ctr Immunol, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wilson, KM (reprint author), Natl Serol Reference Lab, 4th Floor,Healy Bldg,41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Vic 3065, Australia. EM kim@nrl.gov.au RI Kemp, Bruce/L-2633-2014 OI Kemp, Bruce/0000-0001-6735-5082 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU018309-02] NR 17 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 19 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 17 BP 2253 EP 2259 DI 10.1097/00002030-200411190-00005 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 878OU UT WOS:000225656900004 PM 15577537 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, KA Armon, C Moorman, AC Wood, KC Holmberg, SD AF Lichtenstein, KA Armon, C Moorman, AC Wood, KC Holmberg, SD TI A 7-year longitudinal analysis of IL-2 in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID INTERLEUKIN-2 THERAPY; DISEASE C1 Rose Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, Austria. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lichtenstein, KA (reprint author), Rose Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 19 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 17 BP 2346 EP 2348 DI 10.1097/00002030-200411190-00024 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 878OU UT WOS:000225656900023 PM 15577556 ER PT J AU Balluz, LS Okoro, VA Strine, TW AF Balluz, LS Okoro, VA Strine, TW CA CDC TI Access to health-care and preventive services among Hispanics and non-Hispanics - United States, 2001-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 937-941, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Balluz, LS (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 17 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 19 BP 2331 EP 2333 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 870PL UT WOS:000225070100009 ER PT J AU Campsmith, ML Begley, EB Nakamura, GV AF Campsmith, ML Begley, EB Nakamura, GV CA CDC TI High-risk sexual behavior by HIV-positive men who have sex with men - 16 sites, United States, 2000-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 891-894, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID TRANSMISSION C1 CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Campsmith, ML (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 17 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 19 BP 2333 EP 2334 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 870PL UT WOS:000225070100010 ER PT J AU Crepaz, N Marks, G Hart, TA AF Crepaz, N Marks, G Hart, TA TI HAART and sexual risk behavior - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. York Univ, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Crepaz, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ncrepaz@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 17 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 19 BP 2336 EP 2336 DI 10.1001/jama.292.19.2336-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 870PL UT WOS:000225070100013 ER PT J AU Jacobs, ET Jiang, RY Alberts, DS Greenberg, ER Gunter, EW Karagas, MR Lanza, E Ratnasinghe, L Reid, ME Schatzkin, A Smith-Warner, SA Wallace, K Martinez, ME AF Jacobs, ET Jiang, RY Alberts, DS Greenberg, ER Gunter, EW Karagas, MR Lanza, E Ratnasinghe, L Reid, ME Schatzkin, A Smith-Warner, SA Wallace, K Martinez, ME TI Selenium and colorectal adenoma: Results of a pooled analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID PREDIAGNOSTIC SERUM SELENIUM; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; BASE-LINE CHARACTERISTICS; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; CANCER PREVENTION; CLINICAL-TRIAL; RISK; SUPPLEMENTATION; MORTALITY; DESIGN AB Background: Secondary analyses of data from a large randomized clinical trial have suggested that intake of the trace element selenium reduces risk of colorectal neoplasia, but epidemiologic studies have not shown a consistent protective association. Methods: We conducted a combined analysis of data from three randomized trials-the Wheat Bran Fiber Trial, the Polyp Prevention Trial, and the Polyp Prevention Study-which tested the effects of various nutritional interventions for colorectal adenoma prevention among participants who recently had an adenoma removed during colonoscopy. Selenium concentrations were measured from blood specimens from a total of 1763 trial participants, and quartiles of baseline selenium were established from the pooled data. To estimate the association between baseline selenium and colorectal adenoma risk, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression modeling. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Individual study results among participants whose blood selenium concentrations were in the highest versus the lowest quartile varied in magnitude (Polyp Prevention Trial: OR = 0.67, 95 % CI = 0.43 to 1.05; P-trend =.21; Wheat Bran Fiber Trial: OR = 0.66,95% CI = 0.40 to 1.10; P-trend =.13, and Polyp Prevention Study: OR = 0.57, 95 % CI = 0.34 to 0.95, P-trend =.04). Analyses of the pooled data showed that individuals whose blood selenium values were in the highest quartile (median = 150 ng/mL) had statistically significantly lower odds of developing a new adenoma compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.50 to 0.87; P-trend =.006). Conclusions: The inverse association between higher blood selenium concentration and adenoma risk supports previous findings indicating that higher selenium status may be related to decreased risk of colorectal cancer. C1 Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Univ Arizona, Enid Zuckerman Arizona Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Lebanon, NH USA. Norris Cotton Canc Ctr, Lebanon, NH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Jefferson, AR USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Jacobs, ET (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, POB 245024, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM jacobse@u.arizona.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-41108, CA-23074, CA-77145, CA95060] NR 33 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD NOV 17 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 22 BP 1669 EP 1675 DI 10.1093/jnci/djh310 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 870VA UT WOS:000225085500008 PM 15547179 ER PT J AU Engelgau, MM Geiss, LS Murphy, D Narayan, KMV Vinicor, F AF Engelgau, MM Geiss, LS Murphy, D Narayan, KMV Vinicor, F TI Translating "Tight control"? In response SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID COMPLICATIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Engelgau, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 10 BP 822 EP 823 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 872KU UT WOS:000225206900017 ER PT J AU Cha, SS Stuart, MJ Poutanen, S Madison, S Baron, EJ Erdman, D Brown, JM AF Cha, SS Stuart, MJ Poutanen, S Madison, S Baron, EJ Erdman, D Brown, JM TI Effective containment of human respiratory syncytial virus infections in a bone marrow transplantation program resulting from the combined implementation of molecular epidemiology, infection control, and early treatment strategies. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 04-07, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Toronto Med Lab, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 11 MA 2225 BP 611A EP 612A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 871JM UT WOS:000225127502226 ER PT J AU Philipp, CS Faiz, A Dowling, N Dilley, A Michaels, LA Ayers, C Miller, CH Bachmann, G Evatt, B Saidi, P AF Philipp, CS Faiz, A Dowling, N Dilley, A Michaels, LA Ayers, C Miller, CH Bachmann, G Evatt, B Saidi, P TI Age and the prevalence of bleeding disorders in women presenting with menorrhagia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 04-07, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Med, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pediat, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Birth Defects, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 11 MA 3080 BP 841A EP 842A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 871JM UT WOS:000225127503081 ER PT J AU Dahlberg, LL Ikeda, RM Kresnow, MJ AF Dahlberg, LL Ikeda, RM Kresnow, MJ TI Guns in the home and risk of a violent death in the home: Findings from a national study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE firearms; homicide; suicide; violence; wounds and injuries ID ADOLESCENT SUICIDE; UNITED-STATES; FIREARMS; OWNERSHIP; HOMICIDE; HANDGUN; ACCESS; RATES; REGULATIONS AB Data from a US mortality follow-back survey were analyzed to determine whether having a firearm in the home increases the risk of a violent death in the home and whether risk varies by storage practice, type of gun, or number of guns in the home.,Those persons with guns in the home were at greater risk than those without guns in the home of dying from a homicide in the home (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 3.4). they were also at greater risk of dying from a firearm homicide, but risk.. varied by age and whether the person was living with others at the time of death. The risk of dying from a suicide in the home was greater for males in homes with guns than for males without guns in the home (adjusted odds ratio = 10.4, 95% confidence interval: 5.8, 18.9). Persons with guns in the home were also more likely to have died from suicide committed with a firearm than from one committed by using a different method (adjusted odds ratio = 31.1, 95% confidence interval: 19.5, 49.6). Results show that regardless of storage practice, type of gun, or number of firearms in the home, having a-gun in the home was associated with an increased risk of firearm homicide and firearm suicide in the home. C1 CDCP, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dahlberg, LL (reprint author), CDCP, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K-68,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ldahlberg@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 10 BP 929 EP 936 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh309 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 871KW UT WOS:000225133600001 PM 15522849 ER PT J AU Norris, SL Zhang, XP Avenell, A Gregg, E Bowman, B Serdula, M Brown, TJ Schmid, CH Lau, J AF Norris, SL Zhang, XP Avenell, A Gregg, E Bowman, B Serdula, M Brown, TJ Schmid, CH Lau, J TI Long-term effectiveness of lifestyle and behavioral weight loss interventions in adults with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID LOW-CALORIE DIET; CARDIOVASCULAR-RISK-REDUCTION; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; NEWLY-DIAGNOSED NIDDM; PREPARED MEAL PLAN; OBESE-PATIENTS; METABOLIC CONTROL; FOLLOW-UP; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SOS INTERVENTION AB BACKGROUND: Most persons with type 2 diabetes are overweight, and obesity worsens the metabolic and physiologic abnormalities associated with diabetes. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle and behavioral weight loss and weight control interventions in adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Studies were obtained from searches of multiple electronic bibliographic databases, supplemented with hand searches of selected journals and consultation with experts in obesity research. Studies were included if they were published or unpublished randomized controlled trials in any language that examined weight loss or weight control strategies using one or more dietary, physical activity, or behavioral interventions, with a follow-up interval of at least 12 months. Effects were combined using a random-effects model. RESULTS: The 22 studies of weight loss interventions identified yielded a total of 4659 participants with a follow-up of I to 5 years. The pooled weight loss for any intervention in comparison with usual care among 585 subjects was 1.7 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3 to 3.2 kg), or 3.1% of baseline body weight among 511 subjects. Among 126 persons who underwent a physical activity and behavioral intervention, those who also received a very low-caloric diet lost 3.0 kg (95% CI: -0.5 to 6.4 kg), or 1.6% of baseline body weight, more than persons who received a low-caloric diet. Among 53 persons who received identical dietary and behavioral interventions, those who received a more intense physical activity intervention lost 3.9 kg (95% CI: -1.9 to 9.7 kg), or 3.6% of baseline body weight, more than those who received a less intense or no physical activity intervention. Comparison groups often achieved substantial weight loss (up to 10.0 kg), minimizing between-group differences. Changes in glycated hemoglobin level generally corresponded to changes in weight and were not substantial when between-group differences were examined. CONCLUSION: Weight loss strategies involving dietary, physical activity, or behavioral interventions were associated with small between-group improvements in weight. These results were minimized by weight loss in the comparison group, however, and examination of individual study arms revealed that multicomponent interventions, including very low-calorie diets or low-calorie diets, may hold promise for achieving weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes. (C) 2004 by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Aberdeen, Hlth Serv Res Unit, Aberdeen, Scotland. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Tufts New England, Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA. RP Norris, SL (reprint author), Agcy Hlth Care Res & Qual, Ctr Outcomes & Effectiveness, 540 Gaither Rd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM snorris@ahrq.gov OI Schmid, Christopher/0000-0002-0855-5313 NR 74 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 21 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 117 IS 10 BP 762 EP 774 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.05.024 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 872UA UT WOS:000225232900007 PM 15541326 ER PT J AU Vernon, AA Iademarco, MF AF Vernon, AA Iademarco, MF TI In the treatment of tuberculosis, you get what you pay for ... SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; RIFAPENTINE; REGIMEN; TWICE C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vernon, AA (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 170 IS 10 BP 1040 EP 1042 DI 10.1164/rccm.2409005 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 870RX UT WOS:000225076700002 PM 15533952 ER PT J AU Nuermberger, EL Yoshimatsu, T Tyagi, S Williams, K Rosenthal, I O'Brien, RJ Vernon, AA Chaisson, RE Bishai, WR Grosset, JH AF Nuermberger, EL Yoshimatsu, T Tyagi, S Williams, K Rosenthal, I O'Brien, RJ Vernon, AA Chaisson, RE Bishai, WR Grosset, JH TI Moxifloxacin-containing regimens of reduced duration produce a stable cure in murine tuberculosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fluoroquinolone; mouse; moxifloxacin; pyrazinamide; tuberculosis ID 3 6-MONTH REGIMENS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CONTINUATION PHASE; CLINICAL-TRIAL; CHEMOTHERAPY; DRUGS AB In a recent experimental study using the mouse model of tuberculosis, treatment with a combination of rifampin, moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide was able to shorten the time to negative lung cultures by up to 2 months compared with the standard regimen of rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. To confirm that this substitution of moxifloxacin for isoniazid permits a shorter duration of treatment, a second study was performed in which mice were assessed for relapse after treatment with combination therapy for 3, 4, 5, or 6 months. Although no relapse was observed among mice treated for at least 4 months with rifampin, moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide, mice treated with rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide required 6 months of treatment before no relapse could be detected. For mice treated with rifampin, moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide, similar efficacy was noted whether pyrazinamide was administered for I month, 2 months, or the entire duration of therapy. These results suggest that the use of rifampin, moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide may substantially shorten the duration of therapy needed to cure human tuberculosis and that the full benefit of pyrazinamide in this regimen may be realized after just I month of treatment. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Ctr TB Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Fdn Innovat New Diag, Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nuermberger, EL (reprint author), 1503 E Jefferson St, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. EM enuermb@jhmi.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43846] NR 21 TC 145 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 170 IS 10 BP 1131 EP 1134 DI 10.1164/rccm.200407-885SOC PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 870RX UT WOS:000225076700016 PM 15306535 ER PT J AU Begier, EM Frenette, K Barrett, NL Mshar, P Petit, S Boxrud, DJ Watkins-Colwell, K Wheeler, S Cebelinski, EA Glennen, A Nguyen, D Hadler, JL AF Begier, EM Frenette, K Barrett, NL Mshar, P Petit, S Boxrud, DJ Watkins-Colwell, K Wheeler, S Cebelinski, EA Glennen, A Nguyen, D Hadler, JL CA Connecticut Bioterrorism Field TI A high-morbidity outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among players on a college football team, facilitated by cosmetic body shaving and turf burns SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; CASSETTE CHROMOSOME MEC; COMMUNITY; INFECTION; DISEASE; FURUNCULOSIS; INJURIES; SPORTS AB Background. Athletics-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have become a high-profile national problem with substantial morbidity. Methods. To investigate an MRSA outbreak involving a college football team, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of all 100 players. A case was defined as MRSA cellulitis or skin abscess diagnosed during the period of 6 August (the start of football camp) through 1 October 2003. Results. We identified 10 case patients (2 of whom were hospitalized). The 6 available wound isolates had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns (MRSA strain USA300) and carried the Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin gene, as determined by polymerase chain reaction. On univariate analysis, infection was associated (P < .05) with player position (relative risk [RR], 17.5 and 11.7 for cornerbacks and wide receivers, respectively), abrasions from artificial grass (i.e., "turf burns"; RR, 7.2), and body shaving (RR, 6.1). Cornerbacks and wide receivers were a subpopulation with frequent direct person-to-person contact with each other during scrimmage play and drills. Three of 4 players with infection at a covered site (hip or thigh) had shaved the affected area, and these infections were also associated with sharing the whirlpool greater than or equal to 2 times per week (RR, 12.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-109.2). Whirlpool water was disinfected with dilute povidone-iodine only and remained unchanged between uses. Conclusions. MRSA was likely spread predominantly during practice play, with skin breaks facilitating infection. Measures to minimize skin breaks among athletes should be considered, including prevention of turf burns and education regarding the risks of cosmetic body shaving. MRSA-contaminated pool water may have contributed to infections at covered sites, but small numbers limit the strength of this conclusion. Nevertheless, appropriate whirlpool disinfection methods should be promoted among athletic trainers. C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Connecticut Act Bacterial Core Surveillance Proje, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Univ Sacred Heart, Student Hlth Serv, Fairfield, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Publ Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Labs, Minneapolis, MN USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Begier, EM (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, 410 Capitol Ave,MS 11, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM etb4@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 186 Z9 194 U1 4 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1446 EP 1453 DI 10.1086/425313 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JH UT WOS:000227492000008 PM 15546080 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Bulens, SN Gettner, S Garman, RL Vugia, DJ Blythe, D Hawkins, MA Monroe, SS Angulo, FJ Parashar, UD AF Jones, TF Bulens, SN Gettner, S Garman, RL Vugia, DJ Blythe, D Hawkins, MA Monroe, SS Angulo, FJ Parashar, UD TI Use of stool collection kits delivered to patients can improve confirmation of etiology in foodborne disease outbreaks SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; GASTROENTERITIS; FOODNET; ILLNESS AB Background. In 68% of foodborne disease outbreaks, no etiologic pathogen is identified. In two-thirds of outbreaks with no identified etiology, no stool specimens are submitted for testing. Methods. From April 2001 to March 2003, we pilot-tested use of prepackaged, self-contained stool specimen collection kits in 3 states, delivered to and from patients by courier or mail, to improve rates of specimen collection in the outbreak setting. Specimens were tested for bacterial and viral pathogens at health department laboratories, and results were correlated with epidemiological investigation data. Results. Specimens were returned by greater than or equal to 1 person in 52 (96%) of 54 outbreaks in which kits were deployed; in total, 263 (76%) of 347 persons who received kits returned specimens. Resolution of symptoms was the most commonly cited reason for nonsubmission of kits. An etiology was confirmed in 37 (71%) of 52 outbreaks with specimens returned; 28 (76%) were attributable to norovirus, and 9 (24%) were attributed to bacterial pathogens. Stool kits were well received and cost an average of similar to$43 per specimen returned. Conclusions. In two-thirds of foodborne disease outbreaks in which delivered stool collection kits were successfully deployed, an etiologic organism was identified. Delivery of kits to and from patients to improve rates of stool collection in outbreaks in which specimens might otherwise not be submitted could substantially reduce the number of outbreaks with an unknown etiology. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, 4th Fl,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. EM tim.f.jones@state.tn.us OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 11 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1454 EP 1459 DI 10.1086/425319 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JH UT WOS:000227492000009 PM 15546081 ER PT J AU Seward, JF Galil, K Damon, I Norton, SA Rotz, L Schmid, S Harpaz, R Cono, J Marin, M Hutchins, S Chaves, SS McCauley, MM AF Seward, JF Galil, K Damon, I Norton, SA Rotz, L Schmid, S Harpaz, R Cono, J Marin, M Hutchins, S Chaves, SS McCauley, MM TI Development and experience with an algorithm to evaluate suspected smallpox cases in the United States, 2002-2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COWPOX AB Concerns that smallpox, an eradicated disease, might reappear because of a bioterror attack and limited experience with smallpox diagnosis in the United States prompted us to design a clinical algorithm. We used clinical features of classic smallpox to classify persons presenting with suspected smallpox rashes into 3 categories: those with high, those with moderate, and those with low risk of having smallpox. The classification guides subsequent diagnostic strategies, limiting smallpox laboratory testing to high-risk persons to minimize the number of false-positive test results. From January 2002 through June 2004, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) received 43 consultations regarding suspected smallpox cases. No patient was at high risk for having smallpox. One patient was tested for the presence of variola virus. Varicella was the diagnosis for 23 cases (53%). The algorithm worked well to guide clinical and public health responses to suspected smallpox cases. The poster is available from CDC, and an interactive version and laboratory protocol are available at http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/diagnosis/riskalgorithm/index.asp. We recommend use of the algorithm in the United States and elsewhere. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Seward, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Cliton Rd NE,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jseward@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1477 EP 1483 DI 10.1086/425500 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JH UT WOS:000227492000013 PM 15546084 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Chowdary, Y Schomogyi, M Stevens, J Patel, J Karem, K Fischer, M Kuehnert, MJ Zaki, SR Paddock, CD Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Patton, JL Bernard, N Li, Y Olson, VA Kline, RL Loparev, VN Schmid, DS Beard, B Regnery, RR Damon, IK AF Sejvar, JJ Chowdary, Y Schomogyi, M Stevens, J Patel, J Karem, K Fischer, M Kuehnert, MJ Zaki, SR Paddock, CD Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Patton, JL Bernard, N Li, Y Olson, VA Kline, RL Loparev, VN Schmid, DS Beard, B Regnery, RR Damon, IK TI Human monkeypox infection: A family cluster in the Midwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WILD-TYPE STRAINS; VIRUS; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; ORTHOPOXVIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS; SMALLPOX; VACCINE; CONGO; PCR AB Background. The outbreak of monkeypox in the Midwestern United States during June 2003 marks the first documented human infection in the Western Hemisphere. Consistent with those in outbreaks in Africa, most cases in this outbreak were associated with febrile rash illness. We describe a cluster of monkeypox in a family with a spectrum of clinical illness, including encephalitis, and outline the laboratory confirmation of monkeypox. Methods. Standardized patient information was collected by questionnaire and medical chart review; all cases described were laboratory confirmed. Laboratory methods included nucleic acid detection, viral culture, serologic testing, histopathologic evaluation, and immunohistochemical testing. Results. Of 3 family members with monkeypox, 2 had rash illness only, and 1 required hospitalization for severe encephalitis. The family member with the mildest clinical course had previously received smallpox vaccination. Diagnostic testing by both polymerase chain reaction and culture revealed infectious monkeypox virus in skin lesions of all 3 patients; 2 patients had orthopoxvirus detected by immunohistochemistry in skin lesions. The patient with encephalitis had orthopoxvirus-reactive immunoglobulin M (IgM) in cerebrospinal fluid. All patients had detectable IgM responses to orthopoxvirus antigens. Conclusions. These 3 patients illustrate a spectrum of clinical illness with monkeypox despite a common source of exposure; manifestation and severity of illness may be affected by age and prior smallpox vaccination. We report that monkeypox, in addition to causing febrile rash illness, causes severe neurologic infection, and we discuss the use of novel laboratory tests for its diagnosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Infect Dis Associates, Ft Wayne, IN USA. Ft Wayne Neurol Ctr, Ft Wayne, IN USA. Pediat Specialty Phys, Ft Wayne, IN USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 30 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 10 BP 1833 EP 1840 DI 10.1086/425039 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 865KG UT WOS:000224700800017 PM 15499541 ER PT J AU Jiang, X Huang, PW Zhong, WM Tan, M Farkas, T Morrow, AL Newburg, DS Ruiz-Palacios, GM Pickering, LK AF Jiang, X Huang, PW Zhong, WM Tan, M Farkas, T Morrow, AL Newburg, DS Ruiz-Palacios, GM Pickering, LK TI Human milk contains elements that block binding of noroviruses to human histo-blood group antigens in saliva SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORWALK VIRUS-INFECTION; BREAST-FED INFANTS; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; HUMAN CALICIVIRUSES; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; OLIGOSACCHARIDES AB Noroviruses (NVs) recognize human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as receptors. We characterized the interaction of human milk samples with recombinant virus-like particles representing VA387, Norwalk, VA207, and MOH. Milk samples from 60 healthy women were tested for human HBGAs and for their ability to block the binding of NVs. Fifty-four women were secretors (Se+), and 6 were nonsecretors (Se-). No women had detectable A or B antigens in their milk samples. All 54 Se+ milk samples, but 0 of 6 Se- milk samples, blocked VA387 and Norwalk virus (Se+ binders) from binding to saliva samples. All 6 Lewis-positive Se- milk samples blocked binding to VA207, and variable blocking activities were exhibited by the Se+ milk samples. No milk samples blocked the binding of MOH to A and B antigens. Secretor and Lewis, but not A or B antigens, were present in human milk and were responsible for blocking NV binding to receptors and therefore are likely to be decoy receptors that protect breast-fed infants from NV infection. C1 Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Massachusetts, Shriver Res Ctr, Waltham, MA USA. Natl Inst Med Sci & Nutr, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jiang, X (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Pediat, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM jiang@cchmc.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 37093]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD13021] NR 33 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 10 BP 1850 EP 1859 DI 10.1086/425159 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 865KG UT WOS:000224700800019 PM 15499543 ER PT J AU Salama, P Spiegel, P Talley, L Waldman, R AF Salama, P Spiegel, P Talley, L Waldman, R TI Lessons learned from complex emergencies over past decade SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; REFUGEE POPULATIONS; RESIDENT POPULATIONS; SEVERE MALNUTRITION; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; RWANDAN REFUGEES; MORTALITY-RATES; FAMINE; WAR; SOMALIA AB Major advances have been made during the past decade in the way the international community responds to the health and nutrition consequences of complex emergencies. The public health and clinical response to diseases of acute epidemic potential has improved, especially in camps. Case-fatality rates for severely malnourished children have plummeted because of better protocols and products. Renewed focus is required on the major causes of death in conflict-affected societies-particularly acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea, malaria, measles, neonatal causes, and malnutrition-outside camps and often across regions and even political boundaries. in emergencies in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly southern Africa, HIV/AIDS is also an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Stronger coordination, increased accountability, and a more strategic positioning of non-governmental organisations and UN agencies are crucial to achieving lower maternal and child morbidity and mortality rates in complex emergencies and therefore for reaching the UN's Millennium Development Goals. C1 UNICEF, Kabul, Afghanistan. UNHCR, Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Hlth & Econ Dev, New York, NY USA. RP Salama, P (reprint author), Suite 400,1325 G St, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM psalama@unicef.org NR 108 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 34 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 13 PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9447 BP 1801 EP 1813 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17405-9 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 870PQ UT WOS:000225070600035 PM 15541455 ER PT J AU Ruckart, PZ Borders, J Villanacci, J Harris, R Samples-Ruiz, M AF Ruckart, PZ Borders, J Villanacci, J Harris, R Samples-Ruiz, M TI The role of adverse weather conditions in acute releases of hazardous substances, Texas, 2000-2001 SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the Mary-Kay-OConnor-Process-Safety-Center CY OCT 28-29, 2003 CL Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX HO Texas A&M Univ DE hazardous substances; chemical release; weather; accidental spill; toxic spill AB High winds, flooding, lightning, and other phenomena associated with adverse weather can cause power failures, equipment damage, and process upsets resulting in chemical releases. Of the 5000 events in Texas that were reported to the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system during 2000-2001, adverse weather conditions contributed to 110 (2%) events. Rain was the most frequent adverse weather condition. Most events to which adverse weather conditions contributed occurred during June or September; these months correspond with the high temperature and hurricane season in Texas. Most events occurred in coastal counties with large numbers of industrial facilities. Three industries reported the majority of events: industrial and miscellaneous chemicals manufacturing; petroleum refining; and plastics, synthetics, and resin manufacturing. Power failures were associated more often with adverse weather-related events than with nonweather-related events. Releases occurred most commonly from ancillary process equipment and process vessels. Events associated with adverse weather-related conditions involved nine victims. System and process design improvements, such as improved backup power generation and redesigned secondary containment systems, could be explored to reduce the potential negative effects of severe weather. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Bur Epidem T702, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Ruckart, PZ (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afp4@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD NOV 11 PY 2004 VL 115 IS 1-3 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.05.004 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 871YW UT WOS:000225173600005 PM 15518961 ER PT J AU Mathews, TJ Rivera, CC AF Mathews, TJ Rivera, CC CA CDC TI Smoking during pregnancy - United States, 1990-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 911-915, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mathews, TJ (reprint author), CDC, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 10 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 18 BP 2206 EP 2208 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 870PK UT WOS:000225070000008 ER PT J AU Koch-Weser, S Grigg-Saito, D Liang, S Toof, R Kreth, NN Pot, M Foo, MA Foong, HL Kagawa-Singer, M Lee, SW Tran, JH Nguyen, TN Tanjasiri, SP Nguyen, TT McPhee, SJ Liao, Y Tucker, P Giles, W AF Koch-Weser, S Grigg-Saito, D Liang, S Toof, R Kreth, NN Pot, M Foo, MA Foong, HL Kagawa-Singer, M Lee, SW Tran, JH Nguyen, TN Tanjasiri, SP Nguyen, TT McPhee, SJ Liao, Y Tucker, P Giles, W CA CDC TI Health status of Cambodians and Vietnamese - Selected communities, United States, 2001-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 760-765, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ASIAN-AMERICANS C1 Lowell Community Hlth Ctr, Lowell, MA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth & Asian Amer Studies, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Div Kinesiol & Hlth Sci, Fullerton, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Vietnamese Community Hlth Promot Project, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koch-Weser, S (reprint author), Lowell Community Hlth Ctr, Lowell, MA USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 10 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 18 BP 2208 EP 2210 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 870PK UT WOS:000225070000009 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Bode, AV Curiel, M Marfin, AA AF Sejvar, JJ Bode, AV Curiel, M Marfin, AA TI Post-infectious encephalomyelitis associated with St. Louis encephalitis virus infection SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; POLIOMYELITIS AB Neurologic illness associated with acute St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis virus infection includes acute aseptic meningitis, encephalomyelitis, and a poliomyelitis-like syndrome. Few post-infectious immune-mediated neurologic events associated with flaviviral infection have been reported. The authors report on a woman with apparent post-infectious encephalomyelitis associated with recent St. Louis encephalitis virus infection, suggesting that neurologic illness from flaviviruses may also be seen in the post-infectious period following mild clinical illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Poudre Valley Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD NOV 9 PY 2004 VL 63 IS 9 BP 1719 EP 1721 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 869MJ UT WOS:000224987700036 PM 15534266 ER PT J AU Solomon, L Reeves, WC AF Solomon, L Reeves, WC TI Factors influencing the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-STATUS AB Background: Most of what is believed about chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is based on clinic-based studies. These studies may not reflect CFS cases in the population. Methods: We used data from a population-based study of CFS to identify factors associated with receiving a CFS diagnosis. Wichita, Kan, residents were screened by random-digit dialing. Eligible individuals completed a telephone interview. Respondents meeting CFS criteria were invited for a clinical evaluation to confirm CFS. We analyzed all persons with confirmed CFS. The main outcomes of this study, prevalence and incidence of CFS, are published elsewhere. Herein, we present an exploratory analysis with previous CFS diagnosis as the outcome, predicted by demographic and symptom characteristics. Result: We confirmed CFS in 90 subjects; 14 (16%) had been previously diagnosed as having CFS. Persons in the middle- vs the higher-income group were more likely to have been diagnosed as having CFS (9 [29%] of 31 subjects vs 3 [8%] of 39 subjects; P=.03), as were those with sudden vs gradual fatigue onset (7 [41%] of 17 subjects vs 4 [6%] of 64 subjects; P<.01), those reporting tender lymph nodes (7 [33%] of 21 subjects vs 7 [10%] of 69 subjects; P=.02), and those reporting a sore throat (6 [35%] of 17 subjects vs 8 [11%] of 73 subjects; P=.02). Only 17 (21%) of 81 subjects had sudden fatigue onset, and tender lymph nodes (reported in 21 [23%] of 90 subjects) and a sore throat (reported in 17 [19%] of 90 subjects) were the least common symptoms. Conclusion: Most cases of CFS in the population are unrecognized by the medical community; persons diagnosed as having CFS may be different from persons with CFS in the general population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop A-15,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wcr1@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 20 BP 2241 EP 2245 DI 10.1001/archinte.164.20.2241 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 869EG UT WOS:000224965600009 PM 15534161 ER PT J AU Bulterys, M Chao, A Dushimimana, A Parekh, BS AF Bulterys, M Chao, A Dushimimana, A Parekh, BS TI HIV transmission through health care in sub-Saharan Africa - Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID EXPOSURE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Off Minister Hlth, Kigali, Rwanda. RP Bulterys, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbuiterys@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 6 PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9446 BP 1665 EP 1666 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17349-2 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 868NZ UT WOS:000224921600025 ER PT J AU Krawczyk, CS Holmberg, SD Moorman, AC Gardner, LI McGwin, G AF Krawczyk, CS Holmberg, SD Moorman, AC Gardner, LI McGwin, G CA HIV Outpatient study grp TI Factors associated with chronic renal failure in HIV-infected ambulatory patients SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; renal disease; CD4; highly active antiretroviral therapy ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-1-ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY; TRANSGENIC MICE; DISEASE; TYPE-1; GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS; PROTEINURIA; SURVIVAL; EPITHELIUM AB Objective: Renal disease is an increasingly common manifestation among HIV-positive persons, particularly during late stages of HIV disease. We performed a cohort-based, nested case-control study to examine the role of several factors in developing HIV-related chronic renal disease, including HIV viral load and CD4+ cell count. Design: Incident cases of chronic renal disease were identified from a cohort of 6361 prospectively followed HIV-1 positive persons. Controls were selected using incidence density sampling and matched 4 : 1 on age, race/ethnicity, and gender. Methods: Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using conditional logistic regression. Results: One hundred and eight cases of chronic renal disease were identified; 80 (74.1%) were eligible for the current analysis. Nadir CD4+ cell count < 200 x 10(6) cells/l (OR = 4.3; 95% CI, 2.1-8.7), highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use for 56 days or more (OR = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-1.0), and hypertension [treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: OR = 4.6; 95% CI, 1.8-11.6; treated with non-ACE inhibitors: OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.0-6.2; not treated: OR = 4.2; 95% CI, 0.8-21.6] were associated with disease. HAART use for 56 days or more modified the associations for nadir CD4+ cell count and hypertension. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that advanced HIV-disease, as indicated by low CD4+ cell count, is associated with subsequently developing chronic renal disease and treatment with HAART may reduce the risk of developing chronic renal disease. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Sect Trauma Burns & Surg Crit Care, Birmingham, AL USA. NCHSTP, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Krawczyk, CS (reprint author), MPH, 1356 Scott Blvd, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. EM csk323@hotmail.com FU PHS HHS [200-2001-00133] NR 41 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 5 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 16 BP 2171 EP 2178 DI 10.1097/00002030-200411050-00009 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 869DX UT WOS:000224964700009 PM 15577650 ER PT J AU Santibanez, T Barker, L Santoli, J Bridges, C McCauley, M AF Santibanez, T Barker, L Santoli, J Bridges, C McCauley, M TI Childhood influenza-vaccination coverate - United States, 2002-03 influenza season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 863-866, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CHILDREN; HOSPITALIZATIONS C1 CDC, MTSC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Santibanez, T (reprint author), CDC, MTSC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 17 BP 2074 EP 2075 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 868OC UT WOS:000224921900005 ER PT J AU Jones, KT Grigg, M Crockett, LK Conti, L Blackmore, C Ward, D Rowan, A Sanderson, R Laidler, M Hamilton, J Schulte, J Batts-Osborne, D Chertow, D AF Jones, KT Grigg, M Crockett, LK Conti, L Blackmore, C Ward, D Rowan, A Sanderson, R Laidler, M Hamilton, J Schulte, J Batts-Osborne, D Chertow, D TI Preliminary medical examiner reports of mortality associated with Hurricane Charley - Florida, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 835-837, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Off Vital Stat, Jacksonville, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Div Dis Control, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Community Environm Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jones, KT (reprint author), Off Vital Stat, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 17 BP 2075 EP 2076 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 868OC UT WOS:000224921900006 ER PT J AU Sinkala, M Mwanza, F Mulenga, P Kalluri, P Quick, R Mintz, E Hoekstra, RM DuBois, A AF Sinkala, M Mwanza, F Mulenga, P Kalluri, P Quick, R Mintz, E Hoekstra, RM DuBois, A TI Cholera epidemic associated with raw vegetables - Lusaka, Zambia, 2003-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, 783-786, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PREVENTION C1 Lusaka Dist Hlth Management Team, Lusaka, Zambia. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sinkala, M (reprint author), Lusaka Dist Hlth Management Team, Lusaka, Zambia. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 17 BP 2077 EP 2078 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 868OC UT WOS:000224921900007 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ Seeff, LB Bacon, BR Thomas, DL Rigsby, MO Di Bisceglie, AM AF Alter, MJ Seeff, LB Bacon, BR Thomas, DL Rigsby, MO Di Bisceglie, AM TI Testing for hepatitis C virus infection should be routine for persons at increased risk for infection SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; PLUS RIBAVIRIN; UNITED-STATES; ALCOHOL; MORTALITY; THERAPY AB In the United States, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects an estimated 3 million persons, most younger than 50 years of age. It is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease morbidity and mortality and the most common indication for liver transplantation. Effective treatment can eradicate the virus and eliminate or reduce liver inflammation and fibrosis, and counseling and immunization can modify or prevent the adverse effect of cofactors (for example, alcohol consumption or co-infections) on disease progression. However, controversy surrounds the need to routinely identify asymptomatic HCV-infected persons. Because no data currently demonstrate that treatment or other interventions will reduce future cases of HCV-related chronic disease and deaths, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force found insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine screening for HCV infection in adults at high risk. Chronic hepatitis C would require many years of follow-up to determine the incidence of complication after treatment of or other interventions in asymptomatic persons. It seems inappropriate to wait several decades to measure the impact of early identification of this viral infection when current data support a positive therapeutic effect that points to long-term benefits. In addition, treatment and other interventions must be provided before cirrhosis or liver failure occurs. Therefore, medical and public health professionals should continue the practice of screening persons for risk factors; offering testing to those at increased risk for HCV infection; and providing infected persons with appropriate counseling, medical evaluation, and treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop D66, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD NOV 2 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 9 BP 715 EP 717 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 867JT UT WOS:000224839600008 PM 15520428 ER PT J AU Barthell, EN Coonan, K Finnell, J Pollock, D Cochrane, D AF Barthell, EN Coonan, K Finnell, J Pollock, D Cochrane, D TI Disparate systems, disparate data: Integration, interfaces, and standards in emergency medicine information technology SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 AEM Consensus Conference CY MAY 15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP AEM DE information management; informatics; emergency medicine ID SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE; CLINICAL INFORMATION; ADMINISTRATIVE NEEDS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; COMMUNICATION; STRATEGIES; COMPLAINTS; MANAGEMENT; FRONTLINES; PROPOSAL AB As part of the broader informatics consensus initiative sponsored by Academic Emergency Medicine, this report addresses the issues of integration, interfaces, and data standards and how they are relevant to information management in emergency medicine. The purpose of this report, and the workgroup that contributed to its content, is to provide emergency physicians and other stakeholders in the emergency informatics community a sense of direction as they design, build, and/or choose systems. Problems are identified, strategies to address these problems are discussed, and consensus recommendations are provided. C1 Infin Hlth Care, Mequon, WI 53092 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Mequon, WI USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Morristown Mem Hosp, Emergency Med Associates, Morristown, NJ USA. RP Barthell, EN (reprint author), Infin Hlth Care, 1035 Glen Oaks Lane, Mequon, WI 53092 USA. EM ebarthell@infinityhealthcare.com NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1142 EP 1148 DI 10.1197/j.aem.2004.08.008 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 870WG UT WOS:000225088900007 PM 15528577 ER PT J AU Gagnon, MB Inhorn, S Hancock, J Keller, B Carpenter, D Merlin, T Hearn, T Thompson, P Whalen, R AF Gagnon, MB Inhorn, S Hancock, J Keller, B Carpenter, D Merlin, T Hearn, T Thompson, P Whalen, R TI Comparison of cytology proficiency testing - Glass slides vs. virtual slides SO ACTA CYTOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE competency-based education; educational assessment; Papanicolaou smear AB OBJECTIVE: To compare proficiency testing in gynecologic cytology using glass slides vs. virtual slides. STUDY DESIGN: To compare performance, a sample of 111 individuals (pathologists = 52, cytotechnologists = 59) from participating in-state laboratories were administered 2 proficiency tests. The annual test of the Maryland Cytology Proficiency Testing Program (MCPTP) was administered to individuals in their laboratories following normal work practice (i.e., using microscopes and equipment with which they were familiar). The other test was CytoView(TM) II (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.), a computer-based test composed of virtual slides captured from the MCPTP's glass slides, which test administration personnel transported to the individual's laboratory and administered using 1 of 2 laptop computers. ANOVA was used to compare the performance on the 2 tests and the effect of various potential confounding variables. The slides were evaluated by comparing the performance average for each glass slide to that of the matching virtual slides. All data analysis was performed at the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The mean score of the individuals (n = 111) on the MCPTP test was 99.2% (SD=2.2, range= 90-100%). The mean score of the individuals (n = 111) on CytoView(TM) II was 96.8% (SD=5.8, range = 70-100%). No individual scored <90% on the glass slide test (pass rate = 100%). Eight individuals (pathologists = 3, cytotechnologists = 5) scored <90% on the CytoView(TM) II (pass rate = 93.8%). Comparison of an individual's performance on the 2 tests demonstrated a significant difference. When virtual slides that did not attain a 90% consensus were excluded from the scoring, a comparison of individual pass rate for the glass slide test (100%) and computer-based test (99.1%) did not demonstrate significant difference. CONCLUSION: Each slide (glass or virtual) must be field validated by cytotechnologists and pathologists. If field validation and Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment referencing of virtual slides are comparable to those of glass slides, computer-based testing can be equivalent. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Maryland Cytol Proficiency Testing Program, Catonsville, MD USA. RP Gagnon, MB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mbg0@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0001-5547 J9 ACTA CYTOL JI Acta Cytol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 6 BP 788 EP 794 DI 10.1159/000326447 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 870SV UT WOS:000225079200003 PM 15581163 ER PT J AU Litton, CD Smith, KR Edwards, R Allen, T AF Litton, CD Smith, KR Edwards, R Allen, T TI Combined optical and ionization measurement techniques for inexpensive characterization of micrometer and submicrometer aerosols SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This article describes a simple combination ionization chamber and angular scattering sensor and presents the results of laboratory experiments to define its response to micrometer and submicrometer aerosols as a function of aerosol mass, surface, and diameter. The results of these experiments indicate that a simple theory is adequate to describe the operation of the sensor and presents correlations and techniques that will allow the sensor to be used for measurement and characterization of aerosols over a broad spectrum of possible applications related to adverse environmental and health consequences. For particles with volume mean diameters in the range of 150-500 nm, the measured sensor responses yielded signal-to-noise ratios in the range of -25 to > 500 for mass concentrations in the range of 0.50 to 16 mg/m(3). C1 CDC, Pittsburgh Res Lab, NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Social Ecol, Irvine, CA USA. EME Syst, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Litton, CD (reprint author), CDC, Pittsburgh Res Lab, NIOSH, POB 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM chl3@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1054 EP 1062 DI 10.1080/027868290883333 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 869NP UT WOS:000224991600002 ER PT J AU McFarlane, M Ross, MW Elford, J AF McFarlane, M Ross, MW Elford, J TI The Internet and HIV/STD prevention SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. City Univ London, London, ON, Canada. RP McFarlane, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM xzm3@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD NOV PY 2004 VL 16 IS 8 BP 929 EP 930 DI 10.1080/09540120412331292516 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 858MG UT WOS:000224195300001 ER PT J AU Bull, SS Lloyd, L Rietmeijer, C McFarlane, M AF Bull, SS Lloyd, L Rietmeijer, C McFarlane, M TI Recruitment and retention of an online sample for an HIV prevention intervention targeting men who have sex with men: the Smart Sex Quest Project SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT STD/HIV Prevention and the Internet Conference CY AUG, 2003 CL Washington, DC ID PRIMARY-CARE SETTINGS; SMOKING-CESSATION; TAILORED INTERVENTIONS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; INTERNET; RISK; MESSAGES; WOMEN; MAMMOGRAPHY; BEHAVIORS AB There is an increasing interest in developing interventions for HIV and STD prevention that can be delivered on the Internet. However, we know little about what it takes to identify, recruit and retain participants in interventions so that we can test their efficacy and effectiveness. Objectives for this investigation were to evaluate rates of recruitment and retention in an Internet-based randomized controlled trial (RCT) to increase sexually transmitted disease ( STD) prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM). The Smart Sex Quest study was a RCT conducted online. Eligible participants were MSM, at least 18 years old and US residents. After completing a baseline risk assessment, participants were exposed to tailored or control messages and asked to return to the site at three months for a follow-up interview. From January 2002 through June 2003, 3,625 persons logged on as potential study participants; of these, 563 were not eligible, while 1,286 left the site without filling out a baseline survey. Complete baseline data were available for 1,776 participants, all of whom were eligible to complete a follow-up. Complete follow-up data were available for 270 (15.2%) participants. While the Internet is a valuable tool for conducting research, conducting this longitudinal research online was severely affected by a loss to follow-up, and analyzing outcome data was hampered by significant differences between those who did and did not complete the study. Alternate ways to recruit for and evaluate online trials must be considered. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Denver Hlth & Hosp Author, Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bull, SS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, POB 6508,Mail Stop F-443, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM sheana.bull@uchsc.edu NR 38 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 11 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD NOV PY 2004 VL 16 IS 8 BP 931 EP 943 DI 10.1080/09540120412331292507 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 858MG UT WOS:000224195300002 PM 15511725 ER PT J AU Kachur, RE AF Kachur, RE TI The Internet Alert Project: spreading the word about high-risk sexual activities advertised on the Internet SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT STD/HIV Prevention and the Internet Conference CY AUG, 2003 CL Washington, DC ID TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV AB The Internet is an emerging venue for facilitating high-risk sexual behavior; in particular, use of the Internet to seek out sex partners has been shown to be associated with high-risk sexual behaviors, such as an increase in number of sexual partners and an increase in anal sex, which can increase the risk of contracting and transmitting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including HIV. In an effort to assist health departments around the country, the Internet Alert Project was developed to provide Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) project officers and field staff with information about Internet-advertised, high-risk sexual activities in areas that do not have access to sexually explicit material on the Internet. An evaluation was conducted to determine the utility of the Internet Alert Project, its effect on knowledge and awareness of recipients and on public health efforts. Results of the evaluation show the alerts are a useful and valuable tool. The alerts have helped to increase knowledge about sexually-related uses of the Internet and have also driven public health efforts in the field. The results also indicate the need for project areas to access information found on the Internet in order to keep up with the ever-changing behaviors of at-risk populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kachur, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rlk4@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD NOV PY 2004 VL 16 IS 8 BP 971 EP 976 DI 10.1080/09540120412331292494 PG 6 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 858MG UT WOS:000224195300006 PM 15511729 ER PT J AU Bull, SS McFarlane, M Lloyd, L Rietmeijer, C AF Bull, SS McFarlane, M Lloyd, L Rietmeijer, C TI The process of seeking sex partners online and implications for STD/HIV prevention SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT STD/HIV Prevention and the Internet Conference CY AUG, 2003 CL Washington, DC ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RISK-FACTORS; HIV RISK; E-MAIL; INTERNET; MEN; IMPACT; TRIAL; AIDS AB Research has shown that online sex-seeking among men who have sex with men (MSM) is related to elevated risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV infection; however, the process of seeking sex online is not well understood. It is important to understand the process of seeking sex partners in order to determine the best method for reaching MSM at high risk for infection. We report on baseline data from the Smart Sex Quest, an Internet-based STD prevention intervention targeting MSM (n = 1,776, 79% white, mean age = 33 years). Results indicate that older, white, college-educated men solicited sex partners on AOL, whereas Gay.com was a more frequent choice among younger men. Yahoo was named as a solicitation site more frequently by those with no college education, as were 'bareback' websites devoted to facilitating anal sex without the use of condoms. Following online solicitation, men tended to meet in public restrooms (86%), partners' homes (74%) and their own home (57%). Though results are limited by the self-selected nature of the sample, the data have important implications for online outreach, study recruitment and intervention. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Denver Hlth & Hosp Author, Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bull, SS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, POB 6508,Mail Stop F-443, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM sheana.bull@uchsc.edu NR 22 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD NOV PY 2004 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1012 EP 1020 DI 10.1080/09540120412331292426 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 858MG UT WOS:000224195300010 PM 15511733 ER PT J AU Owen, SM Rudolpil, DL Wang, W Cole, AM Waring, AJ Lal, RB Lehrer, RI AF Owen, SM Rudolpil, DL Wang, W Cole, AM Waring, AJ Lal, RB Lehrer, RI TI RC-101, a retrocyclin-1 analogue with enhanced activity against primary HIV type 1 isolates SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; ALPHA-DEFENSINS; BETA-DEFENSINS; THETA-DEFENSINS; HUMAN ALPHA-DEFENSIN-1; MESSENGER-RNA; HOST-DEFENSE; SUBTYPE-C AB Rhesus macaques express three theta-defensins (RTDs 1-3), cyclic octadecapeptides with antiviral and lectin-like properties. Corresponding theta-defensin genes exist and are expressed in humans, but a signal sequence mutation prevents the formation of mature theta-defensin peptides. Retrocyclin-1 is a theta-defensin peptide whose precursor is encoded by human theta-defensin pseudogenes. It can protect human peripheral blood lymphocytes from infection by R5 and X4 strains of HIV-1, and provides a molecular template for designing novel antiviral agents. In this study, we used JC53-BL reporter cells to assess the activity of retrocyclin-1 (RC-100) and several analogues against primary HIV-1 isolates, including R5 and R5X4 strains of subtypes A-D, CRF-01_AE, and recombinants. Each analogue differed from retrocyclin-1 by a single amino, acid substitution: Gly --> Tyr in RC-106, RC-115, and RC-116, and Arg --> Lys in RC-101. Although the modification in RC-101 was chemically conservative, this peptide was significantly more potent than retrocyclin-1 across the panel of primary isolates. We performed surface plasmon resonance binding studies, using recombinant gp120 and CD4 produced in insect cells. Although RC-100 and RC-101 bound gp120 LAV/IIIB with a K-d of 30-35 nM, they bound gp120 from CRF-01_AE strains (CM 235 and 93TH975.15) with K-d values of 200-750 nM. Overall, our findings suggest that clade-related differences in gp120 glycosylation impact the ability of retrocyclin-1 to bind this viral glycoprotein, and modulate the peptides' ability to prevent HIV-1 infection. The performance of RC-101 suggests that additional "engineering" could further enhance the antiviral properties of theta-defensins. C1 CDCP, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res,US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Biomol Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Owen, SM (reprint author), CDCP, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res,US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM smo2@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 056921, AI 37945, AI 52017] NR 51 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1157 EP 1165 DI 10.1089/0889222042545018 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 877ND UT WOS:000225576400003 PM 15588337 ER PT J AU Bandini, LG Must, A Phillips, SM Naumova, EN Dietz, WH AF Bandini, LG Must, A Phillips, SM Naumova, EN Dietz, WH TI Relation of body mass index and body fatness to energy expenditure: longitudinal changes from preadolescence through adolescence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE adolescence; energy expenditure; energy metabolism; obesity ID RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; NONOBESE ADOLESCENTS; PREMENARCHEAL GIRLS; BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE; CRITICAL PERIODS; WHITE-CHILDREN; OBESE; CHILDHOOD; VALIDITY AB Background: Although it is widely accepted that weight gain results when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure (EE), how reduced EE contributes to the development of obesity remains unclear. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that reduced EE in the premenarcheal period in girls constitutes a risk factor for an increase in relative weight [body mass index (BMI) z score] and percentage of body fat (%BF) during adolescence. Design: We measured EE at study entry in 196 premenarcheal nonobese girls. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by the doubly labeled water method. Activity energy expenditure (AEE) was calculated from RMR and TEE. After the baseline study, girls were followed annually until 4 y after menarche ((x) over bar +/-SD: 7.1 +/- 2.6 y). At each visit, height, weight, and %BF by bioelectrical impedance were measured. Girls also completed annual food-frequency and activity questionnaires. Linear mixed effects modeling was used to evaluate the longitudinal relation between BMI z score and %BF and measures of baseline EE. Results: We found no significant relation in change in %BF with RMR, AEE, or TEE. We observed a small positive relation between BMI z score and AEE and TEE (P < 0.05) but no significant relation with RMR. When we stratified by parental overweight, the findings were unchanged for RMR. TEE and AEE were positively related to BMI z score in girls of overweight parents. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that EE in the premenarcheal period is not a risk factor for increases in %BF or BMI z score in girls during adolescence. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr Mental Retardat Inc, Sch Med, Waltham, MA 01003 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Phys Activ & Nutr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bandini, LG (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM lbandini@bu.edu RI Naumova, Elena/C-5954-2011; OI Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00088, MOI-RR-01066]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5P30 DK46200, DK-HD50537] NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1262 EP 1269 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870EE UT WOS:000225036000022 PM 15531674 ER PT J AU Gillespie, C Donehoo, R Serdula, M AF Gillespie, C Donehoo, R Serdula, M TI A modified regression model to adjust for intraindividual variation in serum biomarker concentrations - Reply to K Hoffmann SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gillespie, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cgillespie@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1450 EP 1450 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870EE UT WOS:000225036000055 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Greer, PW Whitney, A Shich, WJ Fischer, M White, EH Carlone, GM Stephens, DS Popovic, T Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Greer, PW Whitney, A Shich, WJ Fischer, M White, EH Carlone, GM Stephens, DS Popovic, T Zaki, SR TI Pathogenesis and diagnosis of human meningococcal disease using immunohistochemical and PCR assays SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neisseria meningitidis; meningococcemia; pathogenesis; pathology; immunohistochemistry ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PRIMARY-CARE; EXPRESSION; MYOCARDITIS; LESIONS; ADULTS AB Neisseria meningitidis remains the leading cause of fatal sepsis. Cultures may not be available in fulminant fatal cases. An immunohistochemical assay for N meningitidis was applied to formalin-fixed samples from 14 patients with meningococcal disease. Histopathologic findings in 12 fatal cases included interstitial pneumonitis, hemorrhagic adrenal glands, myocarditis, meningitis, and thrombi in the glomeruli and choroid plexus. Meningeal inflammation was observed in 6 patients. Skin biopsies of 2 surviving patients showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis and cellulitis. By using immunohistochemical analysis, meningococci and granular meningococcal antigens were observed inside monocytes, neutrophils, and endothelial cells or extracellularly. By using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on formalin-fixed tissue samples, meningococcal serogroup determination was possible in 11 of 14 cases (8 serogroup C, 2Y, and 1 B). Diagnosis and serogrouping of N meningitidis can be performed using immunohistochemical analysis and PCR on formalin-fixed tissue samples. Immunohistochemical analysis determined the distribution of meningococci and meningococcal antigens in tissue samples, allowing better insights into N meningitidis pathogenesis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 33 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 122 IS 5 BP 754 EP 764 DI 10.1309/3489075U03LMK9AE PG 11 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 866ZE UT WOS:000224811100012 PM 15491972 ER PT J AU Keshava, C McCanlies, EC Weston, A AF Keshava, C McCanlies, EC Weston, A TI CYP3A4 polymorphisms - Potential risk factors for breast and prostate cancer: A HuGE review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast neoplasms; CYP3A4; cytochrome P-450 enzyme system; epidemiology; genetics; hormones; metabolism; prostatic neoplasms ID HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; GENETIC VARIANT; CLINICAL PRESENTATION; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; CYTOCHROMES P450; DRUG-METABOLISM; MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; ENDOGENOUS ESTROGEN; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; P53 POLYMORPHISMS AB The steroid hydroxylase CYP3A4 is the most abundant P-450 enzyme in the human liver, and CYP3A enzymes metabolize more than 50% of prescription drugs. The CYP3A4 gene is expressed in the liver, gut, colon, prostate, and breast. Individual variation in CYP3A4 may play a role in breast and prostate carcinogenesis through modulation of sex hormone metabolite levels. Alternatively, CYP3A4 can metabolically activate exogenous carcinogens. CYP3A4 activity varies widely in humans, and more than 78 DNA sequence polymorphisms are known. These observations prompted the hypothesis that variant CYP3A4 may be involved in breast and prostate cancer. Two epidemiologic studies of breast cancer and five of prostate cancer examined CYP3A4 genotypes. A US study showed that inheritance of CYP3A4*1B correlates with early menarche, a breast cancer risk factor. However, an Australian breast cancer case-control study found no association with CYP3A4*1B. Two Scottish prospective studies showed CYP3A4*1B to be a risk factor for prostate cancer among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Three other studies were undertaken in the United States: two were case-only studies and the other was a case-sibling control study. Although results for African Americans were inconsistent, these studies suggested that CYP3A4*1B was associated with markers of advanced disease. These observations support the notion that development of robust, conventional molecular epidemiologic case-control studies to address these questions, including gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, will be timely. C1 NIOSH, Mol Epidemiol Team, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Weston, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Mol Epidemiol Team, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS-L3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM agw8@cdc.gov NR 96 TC 85 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 9 BP 825 EP 841 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh294 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 865LC UT WOS:000224703600001 PM 15496535 ER PT J AU Mitchell, CS Doyle, ML Moran, JB Lippy, B Hughes, JT Lum, M Agnew, J AF Mitchell, CS Doyle, ML Moran, JB Lippy, B Hughes, JT Lum, M Agnew, J TI Worker training for new threats: A proposed framework SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE training; hazardous materials; emergency response; bioterrorism; terrorism; weapons of mass destruction; occupational; HAZWOPER ID PREPAREDNESS; EMERGENCY; COMPETENCES; NURSES; CARE AB Background In an effort to identify health and safety training needs for various groups of workers related to weapons of mass destruction, including chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons and high yield explosives (CBRNE), a conference, "Worker Training in a New Era: Responding to New Threats," was held at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in October 2002. Methods Two questions were addressed: Which general skills and knowledge are common to all workers who might be exposed to terrorist threats from CBRNE weapons? What are the particular skills and knowledge relevant to these threats that are specific to workers in different sectors? Results Thirteen core components for pre- and post-event training were identified. Pre-event training applies to all workers. Post-event training applies to selected personnel including first responders, skilled support personnel, and other workers involved in these operations. Recommendations to improve worker safety training related to preparedness include: identify specific competencies for worker pre- and post-event training; coordinate Federal policy on worker training for CBRNE hazards; adopt federal guidelines or standards on worker training for new CBRNE threats, based on the competencies and coordinated Federal policy; conduct an inventory of training programs and other resources that could be used or adapted for use for new threats; and develop new training content and methods for pre- and post-event training to address specific competencies. Conclusions Given the possibility for the introduction of CBRNE threats into the work-place, all workers need some training in the potential hazards involved: the individual worker's specific role in an emergency; incident command; activation of the emergency notification system; use of personal protective equipment (PPE); and safe evacuation of the workplace. While some occupational sectors have developed effective training related to these new threats, there is a need to develop, implement, and evaluate training programs across many different sectors of the workforce. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. MDB Inc NW, Natl Clearinghouse Worker Safety & Hlth Training, Washington, DC USA. NIEHS, NIH, HHS, Worker Educ & Training Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Off Director, Washington, DC USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Johns Hopkins Educ & Res Ctr Occupat Hlth & Safet, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Mitchell, CS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St,Rm 7041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM cmitchel@jhsph.edu RI Mitchell, Clifford/K-3936-2015 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [CCT310419-03] NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 46 IS 5 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1002/ajim.20091 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870RZ UT WOS:000225076900001 PM 15490470 ER PT J AU Bello, D Woskie, SR Streicher, RP Liu, YC Stowe, MH Eisen, EA Ellenbecker, MJ Sparer, J Youngs, F Cullen, MR Redlich, CA AF Bello, D Woskie, SR Streicher, RP Liu, YC Stowe, MH Eisen, EA Ellenbecker, MJ Sparer, J Youngs, F Cullen, MR Redlich, CA TI Polyisocyanates in occupational environments: A critical review of exposure limits and metrics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE isocyanate standards; exposure metric; polyisocyanates; regulatory toxicology; occupational asthma; exposure limits ID REACTIVE ISOCYANATE GROUP; METHYLENE DIPHENYL DIISOCYANATE; SPRAY-PAINTING OPERATIONS; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE; HEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE; INHALATION TOXICITY; GUINEA-PIGS; INDUCED ASTHMA; LUNG-FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY AB Background Determination of polyisocyanates is important because they are a major contributor of exposure to the isocyanate functional group in many workplace environments and are capable of inducing sensitization and asthma. However, with multiple different measurement metrics in use, comparison of isocyanate exposure data between studies and development of occupational exposure limits (OEL) for polyisocyanates is difficult. Methods An analysis of existing problems in the measurement and regulation of isocyanates is presented based on the published analytical, toxicological, and regulatory literature, and the authors' own analytical data and experience with isocyanates. Results This analysis supports a need for standardization of isocyanate measurement metrics and provides a framework for the development of an OEL for polyisocyanates. Conclusions The total isocyanate group (mug NCO/m(3)) is recommended as the most feasible and practical metric (unit) by which to express polyisocyanate exposures for research, control, and regulatory purposes. The establishment of a comprehensive isocyanate OEL that simplifies the current agent-by-agent approach and expands coverage to polyisocyanates is also recommended. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Massachussets Lowell, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Occupat & Environm Med Program, New Haven, CT USA. RP Bello, D (reprint author), Univ Massachussets Lowell, Dept Work Environm, KI 200,1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Dhimiter_Bello@uml.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [K24-ES00355]; PHS HHS [R010H03457] NR 91 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 46 IS 5 BP 480 EP 491 DI 10.1002/ajim.20076 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870RZ UT WOS:000225076900007 PM 15490474 ER PT J AU Middendorf, PJ AF Middendorf, PJ TI Surveillance of occupational noise exposures using OSHA's Integrated Management Information System SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background Exposure to noise has long been known to cause hearing loss, and is an ubiquitous problem in workplaces. Occupational noise exposures for industries stored in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) can be used to identify temporal and industrial trends of noise exposure to anticipate changes in rates of hearing loss. Methods The noise records in OSHA's IMIS database for 1979-1999 were extracted by major industry division and measurement criteria. The noise exposures were summarized by year industry, and employment size. Results The majority of records are from Manufacturing and Services. Exposures in Manufacturing and Services have decreased during the period, except that PEL exposures measured by federal enforcement increased from 1995 to 1999. Conclusions Noise exposures in manufacturing have been reduced since the late 1970s, except those documented by federal enforcement. Noise exposure data outside manufacturing is not well represented in IMIS. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Incdagger. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Middendorf, PJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pkm2@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 46 IS 5 BP 492 EP 504 DI 10.1002/ajim.20092 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870RZ UT WOS:000225076900008 PM 15490475 ER PT J AU Lee, NE Siriarayapon, P Tappero, J Chen, KT Shuey, D Limpakarnjanarat, K Chavavanich, A Dowell, SF AF Lee, NE Siriarayapon, P Tappero, J Chen, KT Shuey, D Limpakarnjanarat, K Chavavanich, A Dowell, SF CA SARS Mobile Response Team Invest TI Infection control practices for SARS in Lao People's Democratic Republic, Taiwan, and Thailand: Experience from mobile SARS containment teams, 2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; TRANSMISSION AB Background: Despite available recommendations on infection control for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), information is limited on actual practices in Asian hospitals during the epidemic. We describe practices observed by mobile SARS containment teams (mobile teams) during outbreak investigations. Methods: We retrospectively summarized infection control practices observed in hospitals visited by mobile teams in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Taiwan, and Thailand, during March and April 2003. Results: Mobile teams investigated 22 reports of SARS in 20 hospitals (1, 5, and 14 hospitals in Lao PDR, Taiwan, and Thailand, respectively). Facilities ranged from urban hospitals with negative- pressure isolation rooms and high-efficiency particulate air filtration to rural hospitals with patient rooms open to outside air circulation and intermittent running water. At the time of mobile team visits, 5 (25%) hospitals implemented infection control practices consistent with World Health Organization recommendations on visitor policies, private negative- pressure rooms, and personal protective equipment. Conclusions: Early in the SARS epidemic, mobile teams found wide variations in infection control practices and resources among Asian hospitals evaluating patients for SARS, indicating the importance of ongoing assessment during SARS preparedness. Mobile teams are one mechanism to assess practices and promote implementation of recommended infection control measures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Int Field Epidemio Training Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Taiwan Ctr Dis Control, Dept Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan. WHO, Viangchan, Laos. RP Lee, NE (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Off Hlth Assessment & Epidemiol, 313 N Figueroa St,Room 127, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. EM nlee@ladhs.org RI WU, Jiunn-Shyan/C-1855-2008 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD NOV PY 2004 VL 32 IS 7 BP 377 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.03.005 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 869SP UT WOS:000225004800001 PM 15525911 ER PT J AU Simon, TR Powell, KE Swann, AC AF Simon, TR Powell, KE Swann, AC TI Involvement in physical activity and risk for nearly lethal suicide attempts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DOSE-RESPONSE; DEPRESSION; EXERCISE; FITNESS; PARTICIPATION; HOPELESSNESS; CONSEQUENCES; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIOR; ANXIETY AB Background: Although substantial research suggests that involvement in physical activity is associated with mental health benefits, relatively little is known about the association between physical activity and suicidal behavior. This study compared reports of recent physical activity among those surviving a nearly lethal suicide attempt to reports from community controls. Methods: Analyses were conducted on data collected between November 1992 and July 1995 for a population-based, case-control study of nearly lethal suicide attempts among people aged 13 to 34 years. Logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between suicide attempts and physical activity, including the intensity, frequency, and duration of activity, while controlling for demographic factors and potential explanatory variables, such as depression, alcoholism, and the presence of a serious medical condition. Results: Suicide attempters were far less likely than controls to report involvement in physical activity in the past month (48% vs 85%, respectively). Intensity, frequency, and duration of activity did not affect this association. The association persisted after adjusting for demographics and potential explanatory variables. Conclusions: Additional research is needed to explain the process through which the association occurs. The strong protective association observed is consistent with other research on the mental health benefits of physical activity and recommendations of involvement in regular physical activity. (C) 2004 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Mental Sci Inst, Houston, TX USA. RP Simon, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tsimon@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 310 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.07.003 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 864HI UT WOS:000224624200007 PM 15488361 ER PT J AU Folb, PI Bernatowska, E Chen, R Clemens, J Dodoo, ANO Ellenberg, SS Farrington, P John, TJ Lambert, PH MacDonald, NE Miller, E Salisbury, D Schmitt, HJ Siegrist, CA Wimalaratne, O AF Folb, PI Bernatowska, E Chen, R Clemens, J Dodoo, ANO Ellenberg, SS Farrington, P John, TJ Lambert, PH MacDonald, NE Miller, E Salisbury, D Schmitt, HJ Siegrist, CA Wimalaratne, O TI A global perspective on vaccine safety and public health: The global advisory committee on vaccine safety SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS; RUBELLA VACCINE; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS; MASS VACCINATION; MEASLES-VIRUS; MUMPS VACCINE; NO EVIDENCE; FOLLOW-UP AB Established in 1999, the Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety advises the World Health Organization (WHO) on vaccine-related safety issues and enables WHO to respond promptly, efficiently, and with scientific rigor to issues of vaccine safety with potential global importance. The committee also assesses the implications of vaccine safety for practice worldwide and for WHO policies. We describe the principles on which the committee was established-its modus operandi, and the scope of the work undertaken, both present and future. We highlight its recent recommendations on major issues, including the purported link between the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autism and the safety of the mumps, influenza, yellow fever, BCG, and smallpox vaccines as well as that of thiomersal-containing vaccines. C1 MRC, ZA-7505 Cape Town, South Africa. Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Dept Immunol, Warsaw, Poland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Ghana, Sch Med, Ctr Trop Clin Pharmacol & Therapeut, Accra, Ghana. US FDA, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Open Univ, Dept Stat, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Kerala State Inst Virol & Infect Dis, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Ctr Med Univ Geneva, Collaborating Ctr Neonatal Vaccinol, WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Paediat, Halifax, NS, Canada. Hlth Protect Agcy, Immunisat Dept, London, England. Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis & Immunisat Team, London SE1 6TE, England. Univ Mainz, Ctr Prevent Pediat, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Med Res Inst, Dept Rabies & Vaccines, Colombo, Sri Lanka. RP Folb, PI (reprint author), MRC, POB 19070, ZA-7505 Cape Town, South Africa. EM pfolb@mrc.ac.za NR 35 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2004 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1926 EP 1931 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.11.1926 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 866NS UT WOS:000224780800022 PM 15514229 ER PT J AU Dignam, TA Evens, A Eduardo, E Ramirez, SM Caldwell, KL Kilpatrick, N Noonan, GF Flanders, WD Meyer, PA McGeehin, MA AF Dignam, TA Evens, A Eduardo, E Ramirez, SM Caldwell, KL Kilpatrick, N Noonan, GF Flanders, WD Meyer, PA McGeehin, MA TI High-intensity targeted screening for elevated blood lead levels among children in 2 inner-city Chicago communities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; EXPOSURE; FINGERSTICK; PREVENTION; CAPILLARY; SAMPLES; NHANES AB Objectives. We assessed the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels ( greater than or equal to 10 micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood), risk factors, and previous blood lead testing among children in 2 high-risk Chicago, III, communities. Methods. Through high-intensity targeted screening, blood lead levels were tested and risks were assessed among a representative sample of children aged 1 to 5 years who were at risk for lead exposure. Results. Of the 539 children who were tested, 27% had elevated blood lead levels, and 61% had never been tested previously. Elevated blood lead levels were associated with chipped exterior house paint. Conclusions. Most of the children who lived in these communities-where the prevalence for elevated blood lead levels among children was 12 times higher than the national prevalence-were not tested for lead poisoning. Our findings highlight the need for targeted community outreach that includes testing blood lead levels in accordance with the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendations. C1 CDC, MPH,Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dignam, TA (reprint author), CDC, MPH,Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop F-40, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM tdignam@cdc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [US7/CCU 519879] NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2004 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1945 EP 1951 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.11.1945 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 866NS UT WOS:000224780800028 PM 15514235 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Bolen, J Wells, HE Smith, SM Bland, S AF Nelson, DE Bolen, J Wells, HE Smith, SM Bland, S TI State trends in uninsurance among individuals aged 18 to 64 years: United States, 1992-2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-INSURANCE COVERAGE; POPULATION; MEDICAID; DECLINE; ADULTS; CARE AB Objectives. We analyzed state-specific uninsurance trends among US adults aged 18 to 64 years. Methods. We used logistic regression models to examine Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for uninsurance from 1992 to 2001 in 47 states. Results. Overall, uninsurance rates increased in 35 states and remained unchanged in 12 states. Increases were observed among people aged 30 to 49 years (in 34 states) and 50 to 64 years (in 24 states), and increases were also observed among individuals at middle and low income levels (in 39 states and 19 states, respectively), individuals employed for wages (in 33 states), and the self-employed (in 18 states). Conclusions. Among adults aged 18-64, rates of uninsurance increased in most states from 1992 through 2001. Decreased availability of employer-sponsored health insurance, rising health care costs, and state fiscal crises are likely to worsen the growing uninsurance problem. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NW,Mail Stop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM den2@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2004 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1992 EP 1997 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.11.1992 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 866NS UT WOS:000224780800035 PM 15514242 ER PT J AU Ottesen, EA Weil, GJ Lammie, PJ Bradley, MH Kumaraswami, V Addiss, DG Mackenzie, C Malecela-Lazaro, M Twum-Danso, N Gyapong, JO Dadzie, KY Basanez, MG Richards, F Burkot, T Bockarie, M McFarland, DA Barrett, LC King, CL Kazura, JW Hoerauf, A Steel, C Williams, SA AF Ottesen, EA Weil, GJ Lammie, PJ Bradley, MH Kumaraswami, V Addiss, DG Mackenzie, C Malecela-Lazaro, M Twum-Danso, N Gyapong, JO Dadzie, KY Basanez, MG Richards, F Burkot, T Bockarie, M McFarland, DA Barrett, LC King, CL Kazura, JW Hoerauf, A Steel, C Williams, SA TI Towards a strategic plan for research to support the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis - Summary of immediate needs and opportunities for research on lymphatic filariasis identified by the Filariasis community of scientists in association with an "LF research forum", convened in Philadelphia, December 9-10, 2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Review ID WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI INFECTION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LOA-LOA INFECTION; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; LARVAL ONCHOCERCA-VOLVULUS; VECTOR-CONTROL SYNERGIES; BRUGIA-MALAYI INFECTION; RAPID DIPSTICK TEST; ROLL BACK MALARIA; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY AB The Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF), now four years old and clearly providing enormous health benefits from its broad deworming effects in the poorest sectors of the developing world, represents a societal investment already measured in the tens of millions of dollars. Despite rapid progress in scaling up the program to more than 38 endemic countries (or perhaps even because of this rapid progress), there is one element essential for ultimate program success that is now being severely neglected-research, both operational and basic (upstream). The dramatic research successes in developing effective tools and strategies during the 1980s and 1990s provided the foundation for the GPELF. Generous public-private partnerships enabled its implementation, in concert with the 1997 formal resolution by the World Health Assembly calling for the elimination of LF as a public health problem worldwide. Implementation alone, however, does not guarantee success. An essential characteristic of all successful public health programs is the continuing involvement of an active research community ready to provide solutions for program problems as they arise and for anticipated problems or barriers that might appear during program activities. Indeed, such operational research must be especially vigorous and focused in programs (such as the GPELF) with a time-limited goal for disease elimination. For lessons to be learned, program strategies improved, and activities made more effective and cost-efficient, there must be a problem-solving research community actively engaged with the ongoing program initiatives and focused on their challenges. Furthermore, for diseases such as LF, the neglected 10/90 diseases of poverty, where research funds are particularly limited, it is especially critical that the most acute research needs of the program be accurately identified, effectively prioritized, and clearly laid out so that the research community and the organizations supporting it can recognize the most important opportunities available and focus their resources accordingly. It was toward this end that efforts were made during 2003-2004 to gather diverse and valued input from a very broad representation of the filariasis community, both program and research oriented. More than 90 research, clinical, and public health experts in LF came together in meetings (Annexes 1-3) and deliberations for the purpose of creating a comprehensive, collective assessment of today's LF research horizon and research needs. While there was broad agreement that the GPELF remains very much on target, in-depth assessments were made of ways to improve program support or increase understanding for each of the most important issues related to operational and basic, upstream research. For each of these domains, needs and opportunities were first defined and then prioritized. For program-oriented, operational research the greatest needs fall into four clusters: 1) to establish the tools and measures of program success by a) evaluating comparatively the diagnostics and sampling strategies available, both in humans and in vectors, b) testing the endpoints for declaring transmission interruption, c) creating/testing sets of indicators developed to monitor i) morbidity-control/disability-prevention efforts, ii) multi-disease integrated program activities, iii) the GPELF impact on national health systems, 2) to enhance current program effectiveness by a) identifying adjunctive measures that could reduce the number of mass drug administrations (MDAs) required to achieve success (e.g., vector control, modified regimens of available drugs), b) refining predictive models for decision-making, c) improving methods and tools to treat difficult populations (especially urban and Loa-endemic communities), d) integrating LF programs with others having cost-effective complementarities, e) optimizing social mobilization techniques, and f) developing creative advocacy and fundraising strategies, 3) to ensure good clinical/morbidity management by a) standardizing clinical terminology and technical approaches to patient assessment, b) establishing best practices for home-based care for lymphedema, surgical care for hydrocoele/tymphocoele, and treatment for individuals with LF infection, c) assessing reversibility of clinical/subclinical LF disease, 4) to protect effectiveness of drug-based PELFs by a) establishing a definition for decreasing drug sensitivity, b) developing parasite repositories and surveillance for genotypic signs of drug resistance, c) continuing new and alternative drug development. Particularly important for upstream research study are those issues defining the 1) effect of LF co-infections on clinical expression of other diseases and on responsiveness to routine vaccines, 2) mechanisms that determine the pathogenesis of lymphatic disease and its clinical expression, 3) susceptibility and resistance to LF and the effect of MDA on natural immunity to LF in treated populations, 4) genomics and proteomics of filarial parasites It is clear that public health programs require both implementers and problem solvers. When problems loom large, society invests greatly in problem solving (i.e., research). When solutions are found, investments appropriately shift towards implementation. It is essential to recognize, however, that the need for problem solving (even to develop increased program efficiencies or cost-effectiveness) remains, and if not supported, threatens the very success of the program, putting at risk not only society's initial investment but also the health and welfare of the underserved populations for whom the program was created. The LF Research Community and their programmatic colleagues have deliberated extensively to define how best to strengthen the GPELF to ensure its immediate success and to enhance its research base to ensure longterm availability of problem solving research to provide solutions for program needs that are sure to arise. The clearer understanding that has emerged now promises to create a much stronger, more effective partnership between the implementing and research communities of the GPELF and the public and private funding organizations whose support is so essential for program success. C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, England. TB Res Ctr, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA USA. Minist Hlth, Accra, Ghana. Global Alliance Eliminate LF, Accra, Ghana. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Papua New Guinea Inst Med Res, Madang, Papua N Guinea. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Bonn, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Smith Coll, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. RP Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 197 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 71 IS 5 SU S BP 1 EP 46 PG 46 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 877SA UT WOS:000225589200001 ER PT J AU Mathieu, E Levy, DA Veverka, F Parrish, MK Sarisky, J Shapiro, N Johnston, S Handzel, T Hightower, A Xiao, LH Lee, YM York, S Arrowood, M Lee, R Jones, JL AF Mathieu, E Levy, DA Veverka, F Parrish, MK Sarisky, J Shapiro, N Johnston, S Handzel, T Hightower, A Xiao, LH Lee, YM York, S Arrowood, M Lee, R Jones, JL TI Epidemiologic and environmental investigation of a recreational water outbreak caused by two genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in Ohio in 2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID OOCYSTS; INFECTION; SPECIMENS; GIARDIA AB In August 2000, the Ohio Department of Health requested assistance to investigate a cryptosporidiosis outbreak with more than 700 clinical case-patients. An epidemiologic and environmental investigation was conducted. Stool specimens, pool water, and sand filter samples were analyzed. A community-based case-control study showed that the main risk factor was swimming in pool A (odds ratio [OR] = 42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.3-144.9). This was supported by results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, which showed the presence of both the human and bovine genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in case-patients and samples from the filter of pool A. A pool-based case-control study indicated that the highest risk was related to exposure to pool water via the mouth (OR = 5.1, 95% CI = 2.1-12.5) or to pool sprinklers (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.7). Fecal accidents at the pool were documented. Records indicated that the pool met local health regulations. The outbreak, caused by co-infection with two C. parvum genotypes (human and bovine), underscores the need for concerted action to improve public health policies for recreational water facilities and enhanced education regarding the potential for disease transmission through pools. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Delaware City & Cty Hlth Dept, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mathieu, E (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F 22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mm7@cdc.gov; del7@cdc.gov; fveverka@rrcol.com; mparrish@gw.odh.state.oh.us; zsel@cdc.gov; nshapiro@rrcol.com; sip5@cdc.gov; tnh7@cdc.gov; awh1@cdc.gov; lax0@cdc.gov; mjaO@cdc.gov; syork@odh.ohio.gov; yal5@cdc.gov; rp15@cdc.gov; jlj1@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 71 IS 5 BP 582 EP 589 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 876CL UT WOS:000225473200012 PM 15569788 ER PT J AU De Rochars, MVEB Milord, MD Jean, YS Desormeaux, AM Dorvil, JJ Lafontant, JG Addiss, DG Streit, TG AF De Rochars, MVEB Milord, MD Jean, YS Desormeaux, AM Dorvil, JJ Lafontant, JG Addiss, DG Streit, TG TI Geographic distribution of lymphatic filariasis in Haiti SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; RESPONSIVENESS; DETERMINANTS; ANTIGENEMIA; INFECTION; LEOGANE AB Although lymphatic filariasis is known to have been endemic in Haiti since at least the mid 1700s, a national filariasis survey has never been conducted. As a first step in the national program to eliminate filariasis, we collected blood in January-April 2001 from 50-250 school children (6-11 years old) in all 133 communes of the country using an adaptation of the lot quality assurance sampling method. Of 22,365 children tested, 901 (4.0%) were positive for circulating Wuchereria bancrofti antigen. When weighted by commune population, the overall national antigen prevalence in this age group was 7.3%. Infected children were found in 147 (87.9%) communes, the most heavily affected areas being concentrated in the northern part of the country. In only 16 (12.1%) communes were all 250 children antigen negative. Thus, W. bancrofti infection in Haiti is much more widespread than previously realized; virtually the entire population of the country may be considered at risk of infection. C1 Hop St Croix, Lymphat Filariasis Program, Leogane, Haiti. Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Natl Coordinat Lymphat Filariasis, Port Au Prince, Haiti. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Minist Sante Publ & Populat, Port Au Prince, Haiti. RP De Rochars, MVEB (reprint author), Hop St Croix, Lymphat Filariasis Program, Rue Pere Thevenot 1, Leogane, Haiti. EM mbeauder@nd.edu; mariedenise@haitelonline.com; gastro@hopital-stecroix.org; dga1@cdc.gov; streit.l@nd.edu NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 71 IS 5 BP 598 EP 601 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 876CL UT WOS:000225473200015 ER PT J AU Cupp, EW Duke, BO Mackenzie, CD Guzman, JR Vieira, JC Mendez-Galvan, J Castro, J Richards, F Sauerbrey, M Dominguez, A Eversole, RR Cupp, MS AF Cupp, EW Duke, BO Mackenzie, CD Guzman, JR Vieira, JC Mendez-Galvan, J Castro, J Richards, F Sauerbrey, M Dominguez, A Eversole, RR Cupp, MS TI The effects of long-term community level treatment with ivermectin (Mectizan((R))) on adult Onchocerca volvulus in Latin America SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; WEST-AFRICA; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; COMPETENCE; ECUADOR AB The objective of this study was to examine nodules from Mexico, Guatemala, and Ecuador collected over a one-year period (2001) to determine the effects of semi-annual ivermectin treatments on Onchocerca volvulus macrofilarial populations. Nodules were sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and histologic findings were compared between countries and with historical data prior to the introduction of ivermectin into the region. Nodules from Ecuador had 10 times more dead or moribund worms than the historical control (66.6% versus 6.5%); nodules from patients from Mexico and Guatemala did not differ from the control. More than 80% of the female worms in each country were uninseminated and producing unfertilized oocytes. Nodules containing mates differed in each country from the historical control (P < 0.0001), with presence of mates ranging from 19.7% in Mexico to 13.6% in Ecuador versus 73% in the control. Nodules with females producing active microfilariae ranged from 7.8% (Mexico) to 2.7% (Ecuador) versus 60% in the historical control (P < 0.0001). Nodules from Ecuador and Mexico were significantly smaller in size than those from Guatemala or historical controls (P < 0.0005). These results depict a deteriorating condition of adult O. volvulus populations in Mexico, Guatemala and Ecuador, indicating that semi-annual ivermectin treatment of greater than or equal to6 years has had a profound effect on survival and reproduction of this species. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. River Blindness Fdn, Lancaster LA1 1YH, England. Michigan State Univ, Filarial Dis Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Natl Program Eliminat Onchocerciasis Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Vector Borne Dis Program, Secretariat Hlth, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Vector Borne Dis Program, Minist Publ Hlth & Social Assistance, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Program Eliminat Onchocerciasis Amer, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Western Michigan Univ, Biol Imaging Ctr, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Cupp, EW (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM ecupp@acesag.auburn.edu NR 26 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 71 IS 5 BP 602 EP 607 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 876CL UT WOS:000225473200016 PM 15569792 ER PT J AU Pugachev, KV Guirakhoo, F Mitchell, F Ocran, SW Parsons, M Johnson, BW Kosoy, OL Lanciotti, RS Roehrig, JT Trent, DW Monath, TP AF Pugachev, KV Guirakhoo, F Mitchell, F Ocran, SW Parsons, M Johnson, BW Kosoy, OL Lanciotti, RS Roehrig, JT Trent, DW Monath, TP TI Construction of yellow fever/St. Louis encephalitis chimeric virus and the use of chimeras as a diagnostic tool SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; UNITED-STATES; VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; RECOMBINANT; MICE; LIVE; 17D; IMMUNIZATION AB St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) and West Nile (WN) flaviviruses are genetically closely related and cocirculate in the United States. Virus neutralization tests provide the most specific means for serodiagnosis of infections with these viruses. However, use of wild-type SLE and WN viral strains for laboratory testing is constrained by the biocontainment requirements. We constructed two highly attenuated yellow fever (YF) virus chimeras that contain the premembrane-envelope (prM-E) protein genes frorn the virulent MSI-7 (isolated in the United States) or the naturally attenuated CorAn9124 (Argentina) SLE strains. The YF/SLE (CorAn version) virus and the previously constructed YF/WN chimera were shown to specifically distinguish between confirmed human SLE and WN cases in a virus neutralization test using patient sera. These chimeras have the potential for use as diagnostic reagents and vaccines against SLE and WN. C1 Acambis Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Pugachev, KV (reprint author), Acambis Inc, 38 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM konstantin.pugachev@acambis.com; farshad.guirakhoo@acambis.com; fred.mitchell@acambis.com; simeon.ocran@acambis.com; megan.parsons@acambis.com; bfj9@cdc.gov; oak3@cdc.gov; rsl2@cdc.gov; jtrl@cdc.gov; dennis.trent@acambis.com; tom.monath@acambis.com OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 71 IS 5 BP 639 EP 645 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 876CL UT WOS:000225473200022 PM 15569798 ER PT J AU Levis, S Garcia, J Pini, N Calderon, G Ramirez, J Bravo, D St Jeor, S Ripoll, C Bego, M Lozano, E Barquez, R Ksiazek, TG Enria, D AF Levis, S Garcia, J Pini, N Calderon, G Ramirez, J Bravo, D St Jeor, S Ripoll, C Bego, M Lozano, E Barquez, R Ksiazek, TG Enria, D TI Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in northwestern Argentina: Circulation of Laguna Negra virus associated with Calomys callosus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; WESTERN PARAGUAY; NORTH-AMERICA; IDENTIFICATION; BUNYAVIRIDAE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; BOLIVIA AB The purpose of this study was to characterize the hantaviruses circulating in northwestern Argentina. Human and rodent studies were conducted in Yuto, where most cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) occur. Partial virus genome sequences were obtained from the blood of 12 cases of HPS, and from the lungs of 4 Calomys callosus and 1 Akodon simulator. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three genotypes associated with HPS circulate in Yuto. Laguria Negra (LN) virus, associated with C. laucha in Paraguay, was identified for the first time in Argentina; it was recovered from human cases and from C. callosus samples. The high sequence identity between human and rodent samples implicated C. callosits as the primary rodent reservoir for LN virus in Yuto. The genetic analysis showed that the Argentinian LN virus variant differed 16.8% at the nucleotide level and 2.9% at the protein level relative to the Paraguayan LN virus. The other two hantavirus lineages identified were the previously known Bermejo and Or n viruses. C1 Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanes Dr Julio I, RA-2700 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp San Miguel, San Salvador De Jujuy, Argentina. Hosp Oscar Orias, San Salvador De Jujuy, Argentina. Univ Nevada, Dept Microbiol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Direcc Epidemiol, San Salvador De Jujuy, Argentina. Fundac Miguel Lillo, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Levis, S (reprint author), Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanes Dr Julio I, Monteagudo 2510, RA-2700 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM inevh@satlink.com; stjeor@med.unr.edu OI Barquez, Ruben M./0000-0002-7027-4950 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R01 AI 45059] NR 23 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 71 IS 5 BP 658 EP 663 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 876CL UT WOS:000225473200025 PM 15569801 ER PT J AU Focant, JF Sjodin, A Turner, WE Patterson, DG AF Focant, JF Sjodin, A Turner, WE Patterson, DG TI Measurement of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides in human serum and milk using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography isotope dilution time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; X GC; CHLORINATED PESTICIDES; SAMPLES; ENVIRONMENT; POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURE; PBDE; PCBS AB A new method using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and isotope dilution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-IDTOFMS) for the simultaneous measurement of selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and brominated flame retardants is presented. In contrast to the reference methods based on classical GC/MS, a single injection of the extract containing all compounds of interest results in accurate identification and quantification. Using GC x GC ensures the chromatographic separation of most compounds, and TOFMS allows mass spectral deconvolution of coeluting compounds as well as the use of C-13-labeled internal standards for quantification. Isotope ratio measurements of the most intense ions for both native and labels ensure the required specificity. The use of this new method with an automated sample preparation procedure developed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for the analysis of human serum and milk compared favorably to conventional isotope-dilution one-dimensional gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometty (GC-IDHRMS) for the different human serum and milk pools tested. The instrumental detection limits ranged between 0.5 pg/muL and 10 pg/muL and the method detection limits ranged between I and 15 pg/muL (N = 59 analytes). The reproducibility of the method was almost as good as with GC-IDHRMS, the relative standard deviations ranging between 1 and 11% for OCPs measured in human serum. OCP, PBDE, and PCB levels measured using the two methods were highly correlated, and the deviations between the two methods were below 20% for most analytes with concentrations above 1 ng/g milk lipids. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, DLS, OAT, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Focant, JF (reprint author), Univ Liege, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Allee Chim,B6c, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. EM JF.Focant@ulg.ac.be RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 38 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 5 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 21 BP 6313 EP 6320 DI 10.1021/ac048959i PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 867KK UT WOS:000224841300026 PM 15516123 ER PT J AU Gross, E Slauson, S AF Gross, E Slauson, S TI Update on emerging infections news from the centers for disease control and prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; GUIDELINES; DIARRHEA; ILLNESS C1 Maricopa Cty Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Phoenix, AZ USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Olive View Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gross, E (reprint author), Maricopa Cty Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Phoenix, AZ USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 532 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.08.002 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 866JC UT WOS:000224768800014 PM 15520715 ER PT J AU Mead, K Johnson, DL AF Mead, K Johnson, DL TI An evaluation of portable high-efficiency particulate air filtration for expedient patient isolation in epidemic and emergency response SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Extraordinary incidents resulting in airborne infectious disease outbreaks could produce patient isolation requirements that exceed most hospitals' capacity. This article investigates expedient methods to establish airborne infection isolation areas using a commercially available portable filtration unit and common hardware supplies. The study was conducted within a conventional, nonisolation hospital room, and researchers evaluated several airborne isolation configurations that did not require building ventilation or structural modifications. A portable high-efficiency particulate air filtration unit and full-length plastic curtains established a "zone-within-zone" protective environment using local capture and directional airflows. The cost of constructing the expedient configurations was less than US$2,300 and required fewer than 3 person-hours to construct. A medical nebulizer aerosolized polystyrene latex microspheres to generate respirable condensation nuclei. Aerosol spectrometers sized and counted respirable particles at the source patient and health care worker positions and in areas outside the inner zone. The best-performing designs showed no measurable source migration out of the inner isolation zone and mean respirable particle counts up to 87% lower at the health care worker position(s) than those observed directly near the source patient location. Investigators conclude that with careful implementation under emergency circumstances in which engineered isolation rooms are unavailable, expedient methods can provide affordable and effective patient isolation while reducing exposure risks and potential disease transmission to health care workers, other patients, and visitors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Mead, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM kmead@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 635 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.07.451 PG 11 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 876NN UT WOS:000225503900011 PM 15573040 ER PT J AU Ferreira, MED Capellaro, JL Marques, ED Malavazi, I Perlin, D Park, S Anderson, JB Colombo, AL Arthington-Skaggs, BA Goldman, MHS Goldman, GH AF Ferreira, MED Capellaro, JL Marques, ED Malavazi, I Perlin, D Park, S Anderson, JB Colombo, AL Arthington-Skaggs, BA Goldman, MHS Goldman, GH TI In vitro evolution of itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus involves multiple mechanisms of resistance SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID CANDIDA-ALBICANS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; AMPHOTERICIN-B; CYTOCHROME-P450 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE; REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; AIDS PATIENTS; GENE; FLUCONAZOLE; MUTATIONS AB We investigated the evolution of resistance to the antifungal drug itraconazole in replicate populations of Aspergillus fumigatus that were founded from a strain with a genotype of sensitivity to a single drug and then propagated under uniform conditions. For each population, conidia were serially transferred 10 times to agar medium either with or without itraconazole. After 10 transfers in medium supplemented with itraconazole, 10 itraconazole-resistant mutant strains were isolated from two populations. These mutant strains had different growth rates and different levels of itraconazole resistance. Analysis of the ergosterol contents of these mutants showed that they accumulate ergosterol when they are grown in the presence of itraconazole. The replacement of the CYP51A gene of the wild-type strain changed the susceptibility pattern of this strain to one of itraconazole resistance only when CYP51A genes with N22D and M220I mutations were used as selectable marker genes. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to assess the levels of expression of the Afumdr1, Afumdr2, Afumdr3, Afumdr4, AtrF transporter, CYP51A, and CYP51B genes in these mutant strains. Most mutants showed either constitutive high-level expression or induction upon exposure of Afumdr3, Afumdr4, and AtrF to itraconazole. Our results suggest that overexpression of drug efflux pumps and/or selection of drug target site mutations are at least partially responsible for itraconazole resistance and could be considered mechanisms for the emergence of clinical resistance to this drug. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut Ribeirao Preto, Dept Ciencias Farmaceut, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Pret, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Especial Micol, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Publ Hlth Res Inst, Newark, NJ USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goldman, GH (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut Ribeirao Preto, Dept Ciencias Farmaceut, Av Cafe S-N, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. EM ggoldman@usp.br RI Ferreira, Marcia Eliana/H-1972-2011; Malavazi, Iran/E-4132-2013; Goldman, Gustavo/F-1848-2013; Goldman, Maria Helena /D-1424-2012 OI Ferreira, Marcia Eliana/0000-0001-8143-9821; Malavazi, Iran/0000-0002-4526-4961; Goldman, Maria Helena /0000-0002-6786-9320 NR 36 TC 54 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 48 IS 11 BP 4405 EP 4413 DI 10.1128/AAC-.48.11.4405-4413.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 869XM UT WOS:000225017900047 ER PT J AU France, EK Glanz, JM Xu, S Davis, RL Black, SB Shinefield, HR Zangwill, KM Marcy, SM Mullooly, JP Jackson, LA Chen, R AF France, EK Glanz, JM Xu, S Davis, RL Black, SB Shinefield, HR Zangwill, KM Marcy, SM Mullooly, JP Jackson, LA Chen, R TI Safety of the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among children - A population-based study SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; OTITIS-MEDIA; CASE SERIES; DAY-CARE; ASTHMA; DISEASE; INFECTION; EFFICACY AB Background: To our knowledge, there are no published population-based studies on the safety of the inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine among children. Objective: To screen a large population of children for evidence of increased medical visits in the 2 weeks after influenza vaccination compared with 2 control periods. Secondary analyses included shorter risk periods and restricted age categories. Design: Self-control screening analysis. Children vaccinated from january 1, 1993, through December 31, 1999, were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. In group 1, risks of outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient visits during the 14 days after vaccination were compared with the risks of visits in 2 control periods. Significant plausible medically attended events identified in group 1 were then analyzed in group 2, using the same 2 control periods. Medically attended events significant in both groups were considered potentially associated with vaccination and were assessed by medical record review. Setting: Five managed care organizations in the United States. Participants: Children younger than 18 years who received an influenza vaccination in one of the managed care settings (N = 251600). Main Outcome Measure: Among vaccinated children seen for a medically attended event, the odds of the visit occurring in the 2 weeks after vaccination vs during I of the 2 control periods. Results: Study participants incurred 1165, 230, and 489 different diagnoses during the 14 days after vaccination according to the outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient data, respectively. Four diagnoses were positively associated with the vaccine in both groups I and 2: impetigo, dermatitis, uncomplicated diabetes mellitus, and ureteral disorder not otherwise specified. After medical record review, impetigo (9 cases) in children 6 to 23 months old remained significantly associated with vaccination. Conclusion: This large screening safety study did not reveal any evidence of important medically attended events associated with pediatric influenza vaccination. C1 Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Clin Res Unit, Denver, CO 80237 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Dis Control, Vaccine Safety & Dev Act Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Dis Control, Immunizat Safety Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. No Calif Kaiser Permanente, Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA USA. So Calif Kaiser Permanente, Panorama City, CA USA. NE Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. RP France, EK (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Clin Res Unit, POB 378066, Denver, CO 80237 USA. EM eric.k.france@kp.org NR 23 TC 71 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 158 IS 11 BP 1031 EP 1036 DI 10.1001/archpedi.158.11.1031 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 867JA UT WOS:000224837700002 PM 15520339 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM AF Hootman, JM TI Introduction to clinical-outcomes research SO ATHLETIC THERAPY TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material DE measurement; evidence-based practice; patient-oriented C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1078-7895 J9 ATHLET THER TODAY JI Athlet. Ther. Today PD NOV PY 2004 VL 9 IS 6 BP 6 EP 9 PG 4 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 870TM UT WOS:000225081100003 ER PT J AU Conway, GA Hill, A Martin, S Mode, NA Berman, MD Bensyl, DM Manwaring, JC Moran, KA AF Conway, GA Hill, A Martin, S Mode, NA Berman, MD Bensyl, DM Manwaring, JC Moran, KA TI Alaska air carrier operator and pilot safety practices and attitudes: A statewide survey SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; aviation; air taxi; survey; occupational injury; CFR Pt. 135 ID ACCIDENTS AB Introduction: Aviation crashes are a leading cause of occupational fatalities in Alaska, with Alaskan pilots having nearly 100 times the fatality rate of U.S. workers overall. A survey was designed to study pilot and company practices and attitudes in order to develop intervention strategies that would reduce aviation fatalities. Methods: Two surveys were administered: one of air carrier operators and one of active commercial pilots. Surveys from 153 air taxi and public-use operators were received at a 79% response rate. Results: There are almost 2000 pilots employed in Alaska during peak season by air taxi operators and public agencies. Surveyed operators and pilots generally agreed that improved weather information and regional hazards training would be effective ways to prevent crashes. Operators were more in favor of operator financial incentives (p < 0.05) and better pre-employment hiring checks on pilots (p < 0.05) compared with pilots' survey responses. There were 48% of pilots of large operators and 73% of pilots of small operators who considered their jobs to be at least as safe as other jobs. Conclusions: The results of operator-pilot comparisons suggest that financial pressures on operators may influence their views on what measures would be effective in preventing crashes, and that Alaskan pilots underestimate their occupational fatality risk. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Alaska Field Stn, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Social & Econ Res, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Conway, GA (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Alaska Field Stn, 4230 Univ Dr,Suite 310, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM gconway@cdc.gov RI Mode, Nicolle/A-6804-2011 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 984 EP 991 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 866ZL UT WOS:000224811800010 PM 15559000 ER PT J AU Cortes, A Benet, A Cooke, BM Barnwell, JW Reeder, JC AF Cortes, A Benet, A Cooke, BM Barnwell, JW Reeder, JC TI Ability of Plasmodium falciparum to invade Southeast Asian ovalocytes varies between parasite lines SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTES; HEREDITARY OVALOCYTOSIS; GLYCOPHORIN-C; MELANESIAN OVALOCYTES; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION; CEREBRAL MALARIA; IN-VITRO; BAND-3 AB Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of the most lethal form of human malaria, uses multiple ligand-receptor interactions to invade host red blood cells (RBCs). We studied the invasion of P falciparum into abnormal RBCs from humans carrying the Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) trait. One particular parasite line, 3D7-A, invaded these cells efficiently, whereas all other lines studied invaded SAO RBCs to only about 20% of the extent of normal (non-SAO) cells. This result is consistent with the clinical observation that SAO individuals can experience high-density P falciparum infections and provides an explanation for previous discrepant results on invasion of SAO RBCs. Characterization of the invasion phenotype of 3D7-A revealed that efficient invasion of SAO RBCs was paralleled by relatively efficient invasion of normal RBCs treated with either neuraminidase, trypsin, or chymotrypsin and a novel capacity to invade normal RBCs treated sequentially with both neuraminidase and trypsin. Our results suggest that only parasites able to use some particular invasion pathways can invade SAO RBCs efficiently in culture. A similar situation might occur in the field. (C) 2004 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Papua New Guinea Inst Med Res, Mol Parasitol Lab, Madang, Papua N Guinea. Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. RP Cortes, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Med Res, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, England. EM acortes@nimr.mrc.ac.uk RI Cortes, Alfred/I-8134-2015 OI Cortes, Alfred/0000-0003-0730-6582 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK32094]; PHS HHS [A144008] NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 9 BP 2961 EP 2966 DI 10.1182/blood-2004-06-2136 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 866TI UT WOS:000224795700059 PM 15265796 ER PT J AU Dietz, V Rota, J Izurieta, H Carrasco, P Bellini, W AF Dietz, V Rota, J Izurieta, H Carrasco, P Bellini, W TI The laboratory confirmation of suspected measles cases in settings of low measles transmission: conclusions from the experience in the Americas SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE measles/diagnosis; immunoglobulin M/immunology; immunoglobulin G/analysis; immunoenzyme techniques; measles vaccine/adverse effects; exanthema/etiology; measles virus/isolation and purification; Pan American Health Organization; Americas ID MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; DIAGNOSIS; REGION; TRIAL; TESTS; RASH; EIA AB The Americas have set a goal of interrupting indigenous transmission of measles using a strategy developed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). This strategy includes recommendations for vaccination activities to achieve and sustain high immunity in the population and is complemented by sensitive epidemiological surveillance systems developed to monitor illnesses characterized by febrile rash, and to provide effective virological and serological surveillance. A key component in ensuring the success of the programme has been a laboratory network comprising 22 national laboratories including reference centres. Commercially available indirect enzyme immunoassay kits (EIA) for immunoglobulin M (IgM)-class antibodies are currently being used throughout the region. However, because there are few or no true measles cases in the region, the positive predictive value of these diagnostic tests has decreased. False-positive results of IgM tests can also occur as a result of testing suspected measles cases with exanthemata caused by parvovirus B19, rubella and human herpesvirus 6, among others. In addition, as countries maintain high levels of vaccination activity and increased surveillance of rash and fever, the notification of febrile rash illness in recently vaccinated people can be anticipated. Thus, managers in the measles elimination programme must be prepared to address the interpretation of a positive result of a laboratory test for measles IgM when clinical and epidemiological data may indicate that the case is not measles. The interpretation of an IgM-positive test under different circumstances and the definition of a vaccine-related rash illness in a setting of greatly reduced, or absent, transmission of measles is discussed. C1 Pan Amer Hlth Organizat, Family & Community Hlth Unit, Washington, DC USA. Pan Amer Hlth Organizat, Immunizat Unit, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enterovirus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dietz, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Global Measles Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vxd0@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 82 IS 11 BP 852 EP 857 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 873WZ UT WOS:000225313500009 PM 15640921 ER PT J AU Saslow, D Hannan, J Osuch, J Alciati, MH Baines, C Barton, M Bobo, JK Coleman, C Dolan, M Gaumer, G Kopans, D Kutner, S Lane, DS Lawson, H Meissner, H Moorman, C Pennypacker, H Pierce, P Sciandra, E Smith, R Coates, R AF Saslow, D Hannan, J Osuch, J Alciati, MH Baines, C Barton, M Bobo, JK Coleman, C Dolan, M Gaumer, G Kopans, D Kutner, S Lane, DS Lawson, H Meissner, H Moorman, C Pennypacker, H Pierce, P Sciandra, E Smith, R Coates, R TI Clinical breast examination: Practical recommendations for optimizing performance and reporting SO CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS LA English DT Article ID EVALUATION SKILLS; AMERICAN-COLLEGE; CANCER; MAMMOGRAPHY; ASSESSMENTS; GUIDELINES; CONCORDANCE; COMPETENCE; PREDICTORS; PHYSICIANS AB Clinical breast examination (CBE) seeks to detect breast abnormalities or evaluate patient reports of symptoms to find palpable breast cancers at an earlier stage of progression. Treatment options for earlier-stage cancers are generally more numerous, include less toxic alternatives, and are usually more effective than treatments for later-stage cancers. For average-risk women aged 40 and younger, earlier detection of palpable tumors identified by CBE can lead to earlier therapy. After age 40, when mammography is recommended, CBE is regarded as an adjunct to mammography. Recent debate, however, has questioned the contributions of CBE to the detection of breast cancer in asymptomatic women and particularly to improved survival and reduced mortality rates. Clinicians remain widely divided about the level of evidence supporting CBE and their confidence in the examination. Yet, CBE is practiced extensively in the United States and continues to be recommended by many leading health organizations. It is in this context that this report provides a brief review of evidence for CBE's role in the earlier detection of breast cancer, highlights current practice issues, and presents recommendations that, when implemented, could contribute to greater standardization of the practice and reporting of CBE. These recommendations may also lead to improved evidence of the nature and extent of CBE's contribution to the earlier detection of breast cancer. C1 Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Serv Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Management Solut Hlth Inc, Reston, VA USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Hlth Sci, Fac Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambultory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambultory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Batelle Ctr Public Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Breast Ctr Dev, Tiburon, CA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Womens Primary Healthcare, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Human Resources, Savannah, GA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Breast Imaging Div, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Saslow, D (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. OI Alciati, Marianne/0000-0001-6294-1090 NR 45 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0007-9235 J9 CA-CANCER J CLIN JI CA-Cancer J. Clin. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 6 BP 327 EP 344 PG 18 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 958YG UT WOS:000231483500008 PM 15537576 ER PT J AU Stewart, SL King, JB Cardinez, C Thompson, TD Friedman, C Wingo, PA AF Stewart, SL King, JB Cardinez, C Thompson, TD Friedman, C Wingo, PA TI Geographic patterns of breast and ovarian cancer incidence and mortality. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Annual AACR International Conference CY OCT 16-20, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP AACR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1868S EP 1868S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870QO UT WOS:000225073100149 ER PT J AU Feng, RT AF Feng, RT TI The chemopreventive activity of chlorogenic acid is mediated by inhibiting AP-1-MAPKs pathway and inducing phase II detoxifying enzyme through stimulating Nrf2 signaling. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Annual AACR International Conference CY OCT 16-20, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP AACR C1 CDC, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1880S EP 1880S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870QO UT WOS:000225073100193 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Kottiri, B Leadbetter, S Thompson, T Blackman, D Mckenna, M Stallings, F AF Saraiya, M Kottiri, B Leadbetter, S Thompson, T Blackman, D Mckenna, M Stallings, F TI Age and race-specific distribution of PSA among US men. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Annual AACR International Conference CY OCT 16-20, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP AACR C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1909S EP 1909S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870QO UT WOS:000225073100290 ER PT J AU Gaudet, MM Lund, MJ Porter, PL Brinton, LA Flagg, EW Coates, RJ Gammon, MD Abrahamson, PE Potischman, N Eley, JW AF Gaudet, MM Lund, MJ Porter, PL Brinton, LA Flagg, EW Coates, RJ Gammon, MD Abrahamson, PE Potischman, N Eley, JW TI Protein intake and breast cancer survival among young women. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Annual AACR International Conference CY OCT 16-20, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP AACR C1 UNC Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NCI, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1924S EP 1924S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870QO UT WOS:000225073100346 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA Mokdad, AH Ford, E Narayan, KMV Giles, WH Vinicor, F Deedwania, PC AF Mensah, GA Mokdad, AH Ford, E Narayan, KMV Giles, WH Vinicor, F Deedwania, PC TI Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes: emerging epidemics and their cardiovascular implications SO CARDIOLOGY CLINICS LA English DT Review ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BODY-MASS-INDEX; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION PROGRAM; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; VASCULAR-DISEASE AB Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. The clustering of atherogenic risk factors in diabetic and prediabetic persons is an important contributor to this increased risk. In addition, overweight, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome, which are powerful predictors of incident type 2 diabetes also predispose to coronary heart disease. The continuing epidemic of these conditions has tremendous implications for CVD. Aggressive efforts in population-based primary prevention strategies that address excess caloric intake and physical inactivity are needed. Increased adherence to established clinical guidelines for primary and secondary prevention of CVD in diabetic patients is crucial. A key research challenge is to identify novel approaches to facilitate translation of the best science into practice. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. VA Cent Calif Hlth Care Syst, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Fresno, CA 93703 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Fresno, CA 93703 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-47,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gmensah@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 122 TC 104 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8651 J9 CARDIOL CLIN JI Cardiol. Clin. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 485 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ccl.2004.06.005 PG 21 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 868OQ UT WOS:000224923300003 PM 15501618 ER PT J AU Saito, K Sjodin, A Sandau, CD Davis, MD Nakazawa, H Matsuki, Y Patterson, DG AF Saito, K Sjodin, A Sandau, CD Davis, MD Nakazawa, H Matsuki, Y Patterson, DG TI Development of a accelerated solvent extraction and gel permeation chromatography analytical method for measuring persistent organohalogen compounds in adipose and organ tissue analysis SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE persistent organic pollutants; brominated flame retardants; accelerated solvent extraction; gel permeation chromatography; negative chemical ionization ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; FLAME RETARDANTS; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; HUMAN-MILK; POLLUTANTS; BLOOD; PCB; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINANTS AB A new analytical method has been developed for the quantification of 59 different persistent organohalogen compounds, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), PCB metabolites, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in biological organ tissues. The optimum extraction and cleanup procedures were examined using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), automated gel permeation chromatography (GPC) on Biobeads S-X3 and automated solid phase extraction (SPE) on silica-gel. The target compounds were divided into two fractions, non-polar compounds and more polar compounds, which in the latter fraction was subsequently methylated using diazomethane. Detection can be achieved by GC/MS in negative chemical ionization (NCI) mode. The average recoveries of the compounds spiked in swine liver, heart, kidney, and cattle adipose tissues were considered satisfactory, and it was confirmed that the method could be used in routine analysis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Saitama Inst Publ Hlth, Dioxin Res Grp, Kamiokubo, Saitama 3380824, Japan. Hoshi Univ, Dept Analyt Chem, Shinagawa Ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan. Hatano Res Inst, Food & Drug Safety Ctr, Kanagawa 2578523, Japan. RP Sjodin, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy Ne,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zrq4@cdc.gov RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010; Sandau, Courtney/D-9555-2015 OI Sandau, Courtney/0000-0002-4387-3480 NR 29 TC 84 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2004 VL 57 IS 5 BP 373 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.050 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853IO UT WOS:000223820700005 PM 15331264 ER PT J AU Baughman, AL Bisgard, KM Edwards, KM Guris, D Decker, MD Holland, K Meade, BD Lynn, F AF Baughman, AL Bisgard, KM Edwards, KM Guris, D Decker, MD Holland, K Meade, BD Lynn, F TI Establishment of diagnostic cutoff points for levels of serum antibodies to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and fimbriae in adolescents and adults in the United States SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY IMMUNIZED POPULATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS; MIXTURE-MODELS; YOUNG INFANTS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK AB Numerous reports have documented that serologic methods are much more sensitive than culture for the diagnosis of pertussis in adolescents and adults. However, a standardized serologic test for pertussis is not routinely available to most clinicians, and the serologic test levels or cutoff points correlated with diseases have not been determined. The goal of the present study was to examine the distribution of immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels against three Bordetella pertussis antigens (pertussis toxin [PT], filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA], and fimbria types 2 and 3 [FIM]) and to determine population-based antibody levels for the purpose of establishing such diagnostic cutoff points. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed with sera from >6,000 U.S. residents aged 6 to 49 years who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mixture models were developed to identify hypothesized exposure groups and establish diagnostic cutoffs. Quantifiable (>20 ELISA units/ml [EU]) anti-FHA and anti-FIM IgG antibodies were common (65 and 62% of individuals, respectively), but quantifiable anti-PT IgG antibodies were less frequent (16%). Given the distributions of antibody levels, an anti-PT IgG level of 2:94 EU was proposed as the diagnostic cutoff point. Application of this cutoff point to culture-confirmed illness in a prior study investigating cough illness yielded a high diagnostic sensitivity (80%) and specificity (93%). A standardized ELISA for anti-PT IgG with a single serum sample appears to be useful for the identification of recent B. pertussis infection in adolescents and adults with cough illness. The PT cutoff point will be further evaluated in prospective studies of confirmed B. pertussis infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Infect Dis, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. RP Baughman, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbaughman@cdc.gov OI Decker, Michael/0000-0003-1008-7472 NR 64 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1045 EP 1053 DI 10.1128/CDLI.11.6.1045-1053.2004 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 872YM UT WOS:000225245400010 PM 15539504 ER PT J AU Martin, DA Noga, A Kosoy, O Johnson, AJ Petersen, LR Lanciotti, RS AF Martin, DA Noga, A Kosoy, O Johnson, AJ Petersen, LR Lanciotti, RS TI Evaluation of a diagnostic algorithm using immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to differentiate human West Nile virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus infections during the 2002 West Nile virus epidemic in the United States SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A diagnostic algorithm was developed to differentiate between human infections of West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) using positive-to-negative (P/N) ratios derived from the immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). To validate this algorithm, we tested 1,418 serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from confirmed WNV and SLEV infections collected during the WNV epidemic of 2002 in the United States. WNV P/N-to-SLEV P/N ratios (W/S ratios) were calculated and used to identify the infecting virus. These results were compared to results from the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), which is currently the standard assay used to discriminate between closely related flavivirus infections. If the W/S ratio was greater than or equal to1, the predictive value positive (PNP) for WNV was 97.8%, where 95% of flavivirus cases were due to WNV infection and only 3.7% of specimens would require PRNT to differentiate WNV from SLEV infection. Use of the W/S ratio as part of the testing algorithm to interpret MAC-ELISA results generates reportable probable cases quickly, alleviating the need for PRNT in most instances. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Martin, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dzm9@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1130 EP 1133 DI 10.1128/CDLI.11.6.1130-1133.2004 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 872YM UT WOS:000225245400023 PM 15539517 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI Richards, C Andrus, M Klevens, M Curtis, A Horan, T Jernigan, J Cardo, D AF Tokars, JI Richards, C Andrus, M Klevens, M Curtis, A Horan, T Jernigan, J Cardo, D TI The changing face of surveillance for health care-associated infections SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; ADVERSE EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; SYSTEM AB Surveillance of health care-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance is an important aspect of prevention. In 2004, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had 3 national health care surveillance systems. During 2004-2005, these will be combined into a single Internet-based system, the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). The NHSN will feature a number of enhancements, and ultimately, all US hospitals and other health care facilities will be encouraged to participate. Health care surveillance using standard methods has been very useful and is cited as a model for prevention. However, alternative approaches may improve health care surveillance by reducing complexity, decreasing the burden of data collection, and improving accuracy. These alternative approaches include adopting simpler methods and more-objective definitions, using sampling and estimation, substituting information in computer databases for manually collected data, and increasing surveillance for process measures with known prevention efficacy. Maintaining successful features of standard systems, adopting alternate surveillance approaches, and exploiting new technologies, such as the Internet, will make health care surveillance an even better tool for prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,E-55, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM jit1@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1347 EP 1352 DI 10.1086/425000 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JG UT WOS:000227491800011 PM 15494912 ER PT J AU Kassenborg, HD Smith, KE Hoekstra, RM Carter, MA Tauxe, RV Angulo, FJ AF Kassenborg, HD Smith, KE Hoekstra, RM Carter, MA Tauxe, RV Angulo, FJ TI Domestically acquired fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter infection - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Div, Mailstop D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fangulo@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1400 EP 1401 DI 10.1086/425150 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JG UT WOS:000227491800023 ER PT J AU Faroon, OM Keith, LS Williams, M Murray, HE Jones, DE De Rosa, CT AF Faroon, OM Keith, LS Williams, M Murray, HE Jones, DE De Rosa, CT TI Comments on "Potential human cancer risks from exposure to PCBs: A tale of two evaluations" SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MORTALITY C1 Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Faroon, OM (reprint author), Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 6 BP 499 EP 501 DI 10.1080/10408440490519803 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 869CN UT WOS:000224961100003 PM 15609485 ER PT J AU Tierney, EF Cadwell, BL Engelgau, MM Shireley, L Parsons, SL Moum, K Geiss, LS AF Tierney, EF Cadwell, BL Engelgau, MM Shireley, L Parsons, SL Moum, K Geiss, LS TI Declining mortality rate among people with diabetes, in North Dakota, 1997-2002 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MELLITUS; BURDEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. N Dakota Dept Hlth, Bismarck, ND USA. RP Tierney, EF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ext5@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 2004 VL 27 IS 11 BP 2723 EP 2725 DI 10.2337/diacare.27.11.2723 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 867ET UT WOS:000224825800024 PM 15505011 ER PT J AU Chidambaram, JD Bird, M Schiedler, V Fry, AM Porco, T Bhatta, RC Jha, H Chaudary, JSP Gaynor, B Yi, E Whitcher, JP Osaki-Holm, S Lietman, TM AF Chidambaram, JD Bird, M Schiedler, V Fry, AM Porco, T Bhatta, RC Jha, H Chaudary, JSP Gaynor, B Yi, E Whitcher, JP Osaki-Holm, S Lietman, TM TI Trachoma decline and widespread use of antimicrobial drugs SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AZITHROMYCIN DISTRIBUTION; GLOBAL ELIMINATION; TANZANIA; NEPAL; BLINDNESS; CHILDREN; KONGWA; RISK AB Trachoma is disappearing in many parts of the world, even in the absence of specific control programs. Following mass antimicrobial drug treatments for trachoma in western Nepal, the prevalence of trachoma declined far more rapidly than could be attributed to the control program alone. Pharmacy surveys in the same region found that children received more antichlamydial drugs from sources outside the trachoma program than they did from the program itself. We demonstrate that high background antimicrobial drug use may be responsible for much of the observed decline in trachoma and discuss its potential role in eliminating this infectious disease. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, WHO Collaborating Ctr Prevent Blindness, FI Proctor Fdn, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Geta Eye Hosp, Geta, Nepal. RP Lietman, TM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, WHO Collaborating Ctr Prevent Blindness, FI Proctor Fdn, 95 Kirkham St,Room 307, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM tml@itsa.ucsf.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI055752] NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1895 EP 1899 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700001 PM 15550197 ER PT J AU Bell, DM AF Bell, DM CA World Hlth Organ Wor Grp Pre In TI Public health interventions and SARS spread 2003 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; RISK-FACTORS; HONG-KONG; OUTBREAK; AIRCRAFT; TORONTO AB The 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was contained largely through traditional public health interventions, such as finding and isolating case-patients, quarantining close contacts, and enhanced infection control. The independent effectiveness of measures to "increase social distance" and wearing masks in public places requires further evaluation. Limited data exist on the effectiveness of providing health information to travelers. Entry screening of travelers through health declarations or thermal scanning at international borders had little documented effect on detecting SARS cases; exit screening appeared slightly more effective. The value of border screening in deterring travel by ill persons and in building public confidence remains unquantified. Interventions to control global epidemics should be based on expert advice from the World Health Organization and national authorities. In the case of SARS, interventions at a country's borders should not detract from efforts to identify and isolate infected persons within the country, monitor or quarantine their contacts, and strengthen infection control in healthcare settings. C1 WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Bell, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbell@cdc.gov RI Aguilera, Ximena/D-9861-2014 OI Aguilera, Ximena/0000-0002-8153-6733 NR 28 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1900 EP 1906 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700002 PM 15550198 ER PT J AU Yokoe, DS Noskin, GA Cunningham, SM Zuccotti, G Plaskett, T Fraser, VJ Olsen, MA Tokars, JI Solomon, S Perl, TM Cosgrove, SE Tilson, RS Greenbaum, M Hooper, DC Sands, KE Tully, J Herwaldt, LA Diekema, DJ Wong, ES Climo, M Platt, R AF Yokoe, DS Noskin, GA Cunningham, SM Zuccotti, G Plaskett, T Fraser, VJ Olsen, MA Tokars, JI Solomon, S Perl, TM Cosgrove, SE Tilson, RS Greenbaum, M Hooper, DC Sands, KE Tully, J Herwaldt, LA Diekema, DJ Wong, ES Climo, M Platt, R TI Enhanced identification of postoperative infections among inpatients SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC EXPOSURE; SURVEILLANCE; RISK AB We evaluated antimicrobial exposure, discharge diagnoses, or both to identify surgical site infections (SSI). This retrospective cohort study in 13 hospitals involved weighted, random samples of records from 8,739 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures, 7,399 cesarean deliveries, and 6,175 breast procedures. We compared routine surveillance to detection through inpatient antimicrobial exposure ( 9 days for CABG, greater than or equal to2 days for cesareans, and greater than or equal to6 days for breast procedures), discharge diagnoses, or both. Together, all methods identified SSI after 7.4% of CABG, 5.0% of cesareans, and 2.0% of breast procedures. Antimicrobial exposure had the highest sensitivity, 88%-91%, compared with routine surveillance, 38%-64%. Diagnosis codes improved sensitivity of detection of antimicrobial exposure after cesareans. Record review confirmed SSI after 31% to 38% of procedures that met antimicrobial surveillance criteria. Sufficient antimicrobial exposure days, together with diagnosis codes for cesareans, identified more postoperative SSI than routine surveillance methods. This screening method was efficient, readily standardized, and suitable for most hospitals. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Salem Hosp, N Shore Med Ctr, Salem, MA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Mt Auburn Med Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA USA. McGuire Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. RP Yokoe, DS (reprint author), Channing Labs, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM deborah.yokoe@channing.harvard.edu OI Diekema, Daniel/0000-0003-1273-0724 FU CCR NIH HHS [URCCU-315092, URCCU-315346]; ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8CCU-515081, UR8CCU-115079, UR8CCU-215090, UR8CCU-715087, UR8CCU-715091] NR 7 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1924 EP 1930 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700005 PM 15550201 ER PT J AU Wilson, SF Guarner, J Valme, AL Louis-Charles, J Jones, TL Addiss, DG AF Wilson, SF Guarner, J Valme, AL Louis-Charles, J Jones, TL Addiss, DG TI Histopathologic improvement with lymphedema management, Leogane, Haiti SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; SOUTH-INDIA; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; BRUGIAN FILARIASIS; ACUTE ATTACKS; TISSUE-FLUID; SKIN CHANGES; RURAL-AREAS; TAMIL-NADU AB In countries where bancroftian filariasis is endemic, lymphedema of the leg is a public health problem, particularly for women, who are disproportionately affected. We investigated the effect of basic lymphederna management (hygiene, skin care, and lower limb movement and elevation) on the histologic features of lymphedema. A total of 118 skin-punch biopsy specimens were collected from the legs of 91 patients enrolled in a lymphedema treatment clinic in Leogane, Haiti. Follow-up biopsy specimens were collected from 27 patients 12 months later. Keratinocyte hyperproliferation, condensed dermal collagen, and mononuclear perivascular infiltrate increased with lymphedema stage, which suggested progressive chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Follow-up biopsies showed reductions in perivascular mononuclear infiltrate in the superficial dermis (41% decrease in prevalence), perivascular fibrosis in the deep dermis (58% decrease), and periadnexal mononuclear infiltrate (53% decrease). These data suggest that the clinical improvement commonly observed with basic lymphedema management has a histologic basis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hop Ste Croix, Leogane, Haiti. RP Addiss, DG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM daddiss@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1938 EP 1946 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700007 PM 15550203 ER PT J AU McDonald, M Anker, M Deal, C Mawle, A O'Connor, S Slaughter, L AF McDonald, M Anker, M Deal, C Mawle, A O'Connor, S Slaughter, L TI International Conference on Women and Infectious Diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP McDonald, M (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zzm0@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1963 EP 1964 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700013 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL AF Gerberding, JL TI Women and infectious diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Women and Infectious Diseases CY FEB 27-28, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA ID EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jyg2@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1965 EP 1967 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700014 PM 16010725 ER PT J AU Shaffer, N McConnell, M Bolu, O Mbori-Ngacha, D Creek, T Ntumy, R Mazhani, L AF Shaffer, N McConnell, M Bolu, O Mbori-Ngacha, D Creek, T Ntumy, R Mazhani, L TI Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission internationally SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference on Women and Infectious Diseases CY FEB 27-28, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. Botswana Minist Hlth Natl PMTCT Program, Gaborone, Botswana. Nyangabgwe Hosp, Francistown, Botswana. EM nas4@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2027 EP 2028 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700026 PM 16010730 ER PT J AU O'Connor, S Fairweather, D Pearce, BD Rasmussen, S AF O'Connor, S Fairweather, D Pearce, BD Rasmussen, S TI Infectious etiologies of chronic diseases: Focus on women SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference on Women and Infectious Diseases CY FEB 27-28, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA ID MYOCARDITIS; VIRUS; SCHIZOPHRENIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM sbo5@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2028 EP 2029 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700027 PM 16010733 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Hawkes, S Biddlecom, A Padian, N AF Aral, SO Hawkes, S Biddlecom, A Padian, N TI Disproportionate impact of sexually transmitted diseases on women SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference on Women and Infectious Diseases CY FEB 27-28, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Alan Guttmacher Inst, New York, NY 10005 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM soa1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2029 EP 2030 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700028 PM 16010734 ER PT J AU Dean, HD Lee, LM Thompson, M Dannerniller, T AF Dean, HD Lee, LM Thompson, M Dannerniller, T TI Impact of HIV on women in the United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference on Women and Infectious Diseases CY FEB 27-28, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. AIDS Res Consortium Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. EM hdean@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2030 EP 2031 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700029 PM 16010735 ER PT J AU Unger, ER Barr, E AF Unger, ER Barr, E TI Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference on Women and Infectious Diseases CY FEB 27-28, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Merck Res Labs, W Point, PA USA. EM eunger@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2031 EP 2032 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700030 PM 16010736 ER PT J AU Ogden, L Ogden, J Mthembu, P Williamson, N AF Ogden, L Ogden, J Mthembu, P Williamson, N TI Impact of HIV on women internationally SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference on Women and Infectious Diseases CY FEB 27-28, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Int Ctr Res Women, Washington, DC USA. Int Community Women Living HIV AIDS, London, England. Family Hlth Int, Arlington, VA USA. EM logden@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2032 EP 2033 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700031 PM 16010737 ER PT J AU Weinbaum, C Goldstein, S Subiadur, J AF Weinbaum, C Goldstein, S Subiadur, J TI Hepatitis B in women: Domestically and internationally SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference on Women and Infectious Diseases CY FEB 27-28, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. EM cweinbaum@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2033 EP 2034 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700032 PM 16010738 ER PT J AU Bennett, T Bartlett, L Olatunde, OA Amowitz, L AF Bennett, T Bartlett, L Olatunde, OA Amowitz, L TI Refugees, forced displacement, and war SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference on Women and Infectious Diseases CY FEB 27-28, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM trude_bennett@unc.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2034 EP 2035 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700033 PM 16010739 ER PT J AU Bell, BP Mast, EE Terrault, N Hutint, YJF AF Bell, BP Mast, EE Terrault, N Hutint, YJF TI Prevention of hepatitis C in women SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference on Women and Infectious Diseases CY FEB 27-28, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. EM bbell@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2035 EP 2036 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700034 PM 16010740 ER PT J AU Tauxe, RV Khabbaz, RF Cameron, DN Feinman, L AF Tauxe, RV Khabbaz, RF Cameron, DN Feinman, L TI International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDCP, CCID, NCID, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Soc Microbiol, Washington, DC USA. RP Tauxe, RV (reprint author), CDCP, CCID, NCID, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rvt1@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2037 EP 2038 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700035 ER PT J AU Chiarello, LA Tappert, ML AF Chiarello, LA Tappert, ML TI Healthcare settings as amplifiers of infectious disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY FEB 29-MAR 03, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Soc Microbiol, Assoc Public Hlth Labs, Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, WHO C1 Lenox Hill Hosp, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LChiarello@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2048 EP 2049 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700038 PM 16010741 ER PT J AU Somsel, P Warnock, D AF Somsel, P Warnock, D TI Emerging issues for the public health laboratory SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY FEB 29-MAR 03, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Soc Microbiol, Assoc Public Hlth Labs, Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, WHO C1 Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Bur Labs, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM SomselP@michigan.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2049 EP 2050 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700040 PM 16010743 ER PT J AU Glasser, J Meltzer, M Levint, B AF Glasser, J Meltzer, M Levint, B TI Mathematical modeling and public policy: Responding to health crises SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY FEB 29-MAR 03, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Soc Microbiol, Assoc Public Hlth Labs, Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jglasser@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2050 EP 2051 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700041 PM 16010745 ER PT J AU Imtiaz, R Cassell, G AF Imtiaz, R Cassell, G TI Public health workforce development SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY FEB 29-MAR 03, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Soc Microbiol, Assoc Public Hlth Labs, Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. EM rimtiaz@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2051 EP 2052 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700042 PM 16010746 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC Pearson, ML AF Tenover, FC Pearson, ML TI Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY FEB 29-MAR 03, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Soc Microbiol, Assoc Public Hlth Labs, Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fnt1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2052 EP 2053 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700043 PM 16010747 ER PT J AU Cetron, M Simone, P AF Cetron, M Simone, P TI Battling 21st-century scourges with a 14th-century toolbox SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY FEB 29-MAR 03, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Soc Microbiol, Assoc Public Hlth Labs, Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MCetron@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2053 EP 2054 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700044 PM 16010748 ER PT J AU Watson, C McCraw, J Polzin, G Ashley, D Barr, D AF Watson, C McCraw, J Polzin, G Ashley, D Barr, D TI Development of a method to assess cigarette smoke intake (vol 38, pg 248, 2004) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watson, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 21 BP 5824 EP 5824 DI 10.1021/es040513w PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 866SO UT WOS:000224793600053 ER PT J AU Mumtaz, MM De Rosa, CT Cibulas, W Falk, H AF Mumtaz, MM De Rosa, CT Cibulas, W Falk, H TI Seeking solutions to chemical mixtures challenges in public health SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE chemical mixtures; hazardous waste; exposure; multiple chemical exposure ID HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; TOLUENE; HUMANS; XYLENE; AROCLOR-1254; ANTAGONIST; RAT AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) identifies people near hazardous waste sites who are at potential health risk because of their exposure to environmental chemicals. Nearly, 2000 chemicals have been associated with such sites. Residents of U.S. communities are potentially exposed to hazardous substances through air, soil, drinking water, and food. The agency has determined that more than 73 million people live within a 4-mile radius of waste sites. More than 14 million Americans live within 1 mile of a National Priorities List site, of which 11% are 7 years of age or younger, 12% are 64 years of age or older, 24% are women of childbearing age, and 25% are minorities. The lack of adequate environmental sampling and information on human exposures often restricts ATSDR's evaluation and assessment activities. Assessing human exposure with its attendant health risks and outcomes is complex because many populations have a wide range of reported illnesses, and generally exposures are to mixtures of chemicals. This prompted ATSDR to consider mixtures issues more in depth and to establish a formal mixtures assessment and research program in 1994. In this paper, we present an overview of the agency activities, the genesis, legislative mandates, and pertinence of the mixtures program including applied research and the development of methods for evaluating the impact of multiple-chemical exposure. On the basis of 20-year experience of evaluating and researching environmental chemical mixtures at waste sites, ATSDR convened the International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) in 2002. The conference was supported by several federal agencies and scientific organizations and attended by international and national experts. The conference addressed broad topics such as prevalence of exposures to chemical mixtures, importance of interactions at environmentally relevant levels, validity of assuming additivity (dose or response) as default for mixtures assessment, and promising avenues in the three broad areas, viz., research, assessment, and computational tools. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mumtaz, MM (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Mail Stop F-32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.06.006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 875VL UT WOS:000225450100001 PM 21782735 ER PT J AU Yang, RSH El-Masri, HA Thomas, RS Dobrev, ID Dennison, JE Bae, DS Campain, JA Liao, KH Reisfeld, B Andersen, ME Mumtaz, M AF Yang, RSH El-Masri, HA Thomas, RS Dobrev, ID Dennison, JE Bae, DS Campain, JA Liao, KH Reisfeld, B Andersen, ME Mumtaz, M TI Chemical mixture toxicology: from descriptive to mechanistic, and going on to in silico toxicology SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE chemical mixture toxicology; historical; present status; future development; in silico toxicology ID 25 GROUNDWATER CONTAMINANTS; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; MEDIUM-TERM BIOASSAY; PACIFIC COHO SALMON; FED LAKE-ONTARIO; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; INDIVIDUAL COMPOUNDS; COMPLEX-MIXTURES AB Because of the pioneering vision of certain leaders in the biomedical field, the last two decades witnessed rapid advances in the area of chemical mixture toxicology. Earlier studies utilized conventional toxicology protocol and methods, and they were mainly descriptive in nature. Two good examples might be the parallel series of studies conducted by the U.S. National Toxicology Program and TNO in The Netherlands, respectively. As a natural course of progression, more and more sophistication was incorporated into the toxicology studies of chemical mixtures. Thus, at least the following seven areas of scientific achievements in chemical mixture toxicology are evident in the literature: (a) the application of better and more robust statistical methods; (b) the exploration and incorporation of mechanistic bases for toxicological interactions; (c) the application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling; (d) the studies on more complex chemical mixtures; (e) the use of science-based risk assessment approaches; (f) the utilization of functional genomics; and (g) the application of technology. Examples are given for the discussion of each of these areas. Two important concepts emerged from these studies and they are: (1) dose-dependent toxicologic interactions; and (2) "interaction thresholds". Looking into the future, one of the most challenging areas in chemical mixture research is finding the answer to the question "when one tries to characterize the health effects of chemical mixtures, how does one deal with the infinite number of combination of chemicals, and other possible stressors?" Undoubtedly, there will be many answers from different groups of researchers. Our answer, however, is first to focus on the finite (biological processes) rather than the infinite (combinations of chemical mixtures and multiple stressors). The idea is that once we know a normal biological process(es), all stimuli and insults from external stressors are merely perturbations of the normal biological process(es). The next step is to "capture" the biological process(es) by integrating the recent advances in computational technology and modern biology. Here, the computer-assisted Reaction Network Modeling, linked with PBPK modeling, offers a ray of hope to dealing with the complex biological systems. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Quantitat & Computat Toxicol Grp, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Dept Environm, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Radiol Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yang, RSH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Quantitat & Computat Toxicol Grp, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Technol, Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM raymond.yang@colostate.edu OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301 NR 122 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 EI 1872-7077 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 65 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.01.015 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 875VL UT WOS:000225450100002 PM 21782736 ER PT J AU Pounds, JG Haider, J Chen, DG Mumtaz, M AF Pounds, JG Haider, J Chen, DG Mumtaz, M TI Interactive toxicity of simple chemical mixtures of cadmium, mercury, methylmercury and trimethyltin: model-dependent responses SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE cytotoxicity; in vitro; mixtures; cadmium; mercury; methylmercury; trimethyltin; dose-response; nonlinear models; isobologram; risk assessment ID FACTORIAL DESIGN AB Scientific and societal interest in the analysis of aggregate toxicity derives from the fact that people are seldom exposed to single chemicals, but rather to multiple agents from different sources and even to mixtures of agents from a single source. Many descriptive terms and mathematical, graphical, and statistical models have been used to evaluate the toxicity of simple mixtures. It is not very easy to distinguish clearly the intrinsic differences, distinctions and limitations of these models when applied to characterizing interactive toxicity. A series of experiments were performed to illustrate model-dependent consistencies and differences in interactive toxicity. Cultured murine renal cortical cells, target cells for metal toxicity, were treated with selected concentrations of one metal or binary mixtures of metals to give conditions of dose-additivity, response additivity, or with only one toxic member of the binary mixture. The cytotoxicity was determined at 24 h by lactate dehydrogenase release. The data were analyzed graphically and mathematically by (a) Carter's statistical isobologram, (b) Barton's non-linear, and (c) Kodell and Pounds' linear models to characterize the interaction. These models were compared and contrasted for robustness, and consistency using these common data sets. The models gave generally consistent conclusions, but each model has limitations and strengths for assessing particular mixtures scenarios. This comparison illustrates the complexity of extrapolating conclusions between models, and difficulty of public health assessment from exposures to multiple chemicals in the environment. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Wayne State Univ, Inst Chem Toxicol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pounds, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, 902 Battelle Blvd,MS P7-58, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM joel.pounds@pnl.gov OI Pounds, Joel/0000-0002-6616-1566 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.05.012 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 875VL UT WOS:000225450100005 PM 21782739 ER PT J AU Donnelly, KC Lingenfelter, R Cizmas, L Falahatpisheh, MH Qian, YC Tang, Y Garcia, S Ramos, K Tiffany-Castiglioni, E Mumtaz, MM AF Donnelly, KC Lingenfelter, R Cizmas, L Falahatpisheh, MH Qian, YC Tang, Y Garcia, S Ramos, K Tiffany-Castiglioni, E Mumtaz, MM TI Toxicity assessment of complex mixtures remains a goal SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE complex mixture; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; benzo(alpha)pyrene; anthracene; risk assessment; chrysene ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PROPHAGE-LAMBDA; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; MUTAGENICITY TEST; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DNA-ADDUCTS; INDUCTION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; TRICHLOROETHENE; GENOTOXICITY AB One of the initial steps in remediating contaminated environments is to assess the human and ecological health risk associated with exposure to contaminants in a specific medium. Presented here are the results of a five-year study investigating the toxicity of simple and complex mixtures. A series of model compounds and simple mixtures including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) were analyzed. Mixture toxicity was studied using microbial genotoxicity assays and cytotoxicity assays with renal and neural cells. The majority of binary mixtures described here induced additive responses. A limited number of samples were identified where binary mixtures induced inhibitory effects. For example, benzo(a)pyrene (BAP) alone induced 30% renal cell death, whereas an equimolar dose of chrysene and BAP only produced 1.6% cellular death. In none of the mixtures tested did the mixture toxicity results deviate from the predicted results by an order of magnitude. The results from testing binary mixtures in this study indicate that the results did not deviate significantly from additivity. Complex mixture results were more difficult to interpret. The toxicity of complex mixtures could not be accurately predicted based on chemical analysis. This could be due to chemical interactions or due to the presence of unidentified chemicals, such as alkyl PAHs or high molecular weight PAHs that are not included in the standard risk assessment procedure. Even though the results from these in vitro studies indicate that additive assumptions will generally be appropriate for binary mixtures similar to the ones tested here, the risk associated with complex mixtures remains a challenge to predict. Before the results of toxicity testing can be used to adjust risk assessment calculations, it is important to fully appreciate the chemical composition and to understand the mechanism of observed chemical interactions in animals chronically exposed to low doses of chemical mixtures. This research was supported by ATSDR Grant no. ATU684505 and NIEHS SBRP Grant no. P42 ES04917. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Bryan, TX 77802 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Donnelly, KC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Wells Fargo Plaza,3000 Briarcrest Dr 300, Bryan, TX 77802 USA. EM kdonnelly@cvm.tamu.edu RI Qian, Yongchang/A-6968-2009 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.03.013 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 875VL UT WOS:000225450100008 PM 21782742 ER PT J AU Anand, SS Murthy, SN Mumtaz, MM Mehendale, HM AF Anand, SS Murthy, SN Mumtaz, MM Mehendale, HM TI Dose-dependent liver tissue repair in chloroform plus thioacetamide acute hepatotoxicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE binary mixture; dose-response; liver injury; risk assessment; tissue repair ID CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE HEPATOTOXICITY; ANTIMITOTIC AGENT COLCHICINE; CCL4 AUTOPROTECTION; RATS; TOXICITY; INJURY; CHLORDECONE; LETHALITY; MECHANISM; REGENERATION AB The objective of this study was to test whether a binary mixture (BM) of chloroform (CHCl3) and thioacetamide (TA) causes a dose-dependent liver injury and an opposing tissue repair. Liver injury was assessed by plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and histopathology. Tissue repair was measured by [H-3-CH3]-thymidine (H-3-T) incorporation into hepatonuclear DNA and PCNA over a time course of 0-72 h. Male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats received six- and five-fold dose ranges of TA and CHCl3, respectively. ALT levels and 3 H-T incorporation were in complete agreement with corresponding microscopic observations, and only ALT elevation and 3 H-T incorporation data are presented here. Liver injury observed after exposure to BM was no different than addition of injuries caused by individual compounds. Tissue repair was prompt and adequate, leading to recovery from injury and animal survival. Tissue repair is dose-dependent and plays central role in the hepatotoxic outcome. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Louisiana, Dept Toxicol, Sch Pharm, Coll Hlth Sci, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. ATSDR, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mehendale, HM (reprint author), Univ Louisiana, Dept Toxicol, Sch Pharm, Coll Hlth Sci, 700 Univ Ave,Sugar Hall 306, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. EM mehendale@ulm.edu NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.02.010 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 875VL UT WOS:000225450100009 PM 21782743 ER PT J AU Kharrazi, M DeLorenze, GN Kaufman, FL Eskenazi, B Bernert, JT Graham, S Pearl, M Pirkle, J AF Kharrazi, M DeLorenze, GN Kaufman, FL Eskenazi, B Bernert, JT Graham, S Pearl, M Pirkle, J TI Environmental tobacco smoke and pregnancy outcome SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; PERINATAL-MORTALITY; MATERNAL SMOKING; SERUM COTININE; DIETARY NICOTINE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; FETAL GROWTH; SELF-REPORT; EXPOSURE; WOMEN AB Background: Recent reviews conclude that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) leads to diminished birth weight. However, the threshold and magnitude of that effect is uncertain. We aimed to determine the magnitude and shape of the relations between ETS and various adverse pregnancy outcomes using a highly sensitive biochemical assay. Methods: Maternal serum specimens were collected from more than 3000 women enrolled in California's prenatal screening program in 1992 and analyzed for cotinine. Information on pregnancy outcomes was obtained from live birth/fetal death records and hospital questionnaires. We conducted analyses on 2777 woman-live birth pairs and 19 woman-fetal death pairs in which the mother was presumed to be a nonsmoker (midtrimester cotinine levels less than or equal to10 ng/mL). Results: In multiple logistic regression analyses, the odds ratios of fetal death, preterm delivery, and term-low birth weight were 3.4, 1.8, and 1.8, respectively, in the highest cotinine quintile (0.236-10 ng/mL), compared with the lowest quintile (<0.026 ng/mL). In adjusted linear models, there was a linear dose-dependent effect of log cotinine on mean birth weight (-109 g) and mean infant length (-0.84 cm) over the range of cotinine values. Linear relations were not found with respect to infant head circumference or the ratio of brain weight to body weight. Infant's body mass index declined with exposures above approximately 0.5 ng/mL cotinine. We estimated that ETS levels at or above 0.05 ng/mL (experienced by 62% of the study population) accounted for 12% of all adverse outcomes. Conclusions: ETS exposure in pregnant women adversely affects pregnancy by increasing fetal mortality and preterm delivery at higher exposure levels and slowing fetal growth across all levels of ETS exposure. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Program Res & Demonstrat Unit, Genet Dis Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Sequoia Fdn, La Jolla, CA USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kharrazi, M (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Program Res & Demonstrat Unit, Genet Dis Branch, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,F175, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM mkharrazi@dhs.ca.gov NR 44 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2004 VL 15 IS 6 BP 660 EP 670 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000142137.39619.60 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 865IZ UT WOS:000224697200003 PM 15475714 ER PT J AU Laufer, EM Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Gunter, EW Dorgan, JF Campbell, WS Clevidence, BA Brown, ED Albanes, D Judd, JT Taylor, PR AF Laufer, EM Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Gunter, EW Dorgan, JF Campbell, WS Clevidence, BA Brown, ED Albanes, D Judd, JT Taylor, PR TI Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on folate and vitamin B-12 status in postmenopausal women SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alcohol; folate; vitamin B-12; homocysteine; methylmalonic acid; postmenopausal women ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; METHYLMALONIC ACID; NUTRIENT INTAKE; BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; PLASMA; DEFICIENCY; SERUM AB Background: Although alcohol intake has been positively associated with breast cancer risk in epidemiologic studies, a causal relationship has not been established, and the mechanisms mediating this association are speculative. Alcohol may act through altered status of folate and vitamin B-12, two vitamins required for DNA methylation and nucleotide synthesis, and thus cell integrity. Although the effects of heavy alcohol intake on folate and vitamin B-12 status have been well-documented, few studies have addressed the effects of moderate alcohol intake in a controlled setting. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of moderate alcohol intake on folate and vitamin B-12 status in healthy, well-nourished, postmenopausal women. Design: The study design was a randomized, diet-controlled crossover intervention. Postmenopausal women (n=53) received three 8-week alcohol treatments in random order: 0, 15, and 30 g/day. Treatment periods were preceded by 2-5-week washout periods. Blood collected at baseline and week 8 of each treatment period was analyzed for serum folate, vitamin B-12, homocysteine (HCY), and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations. Results: After adjusting for body mass index (BMI), a significant 5% decrease was observed in mean serum vitamin B-12 concentrations from 0 to 30 g of alcohol/day (461.45+/-30.26 vs 440.25+/-30.24 pg/ml; P=0.03). Mean serum HCY concentrations tended to increase by 3% from 0 to 30 g of alcohol/day (9.44+/-0.37 vs 9.73+/-0.37 mumol/l; P=0.05). Alcohol intake had no significant effects on serum folate or MMA concentrations. Conclusions: Among healthy, well-nourished, postmenopausal women, moderate alcohol intake may diminish vitamin B-12 status. Sponsorship: NCI, NIH and ARS, USDA. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hartman, TJ (reprint author), 5 Henderson Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tjh9@psu.edu RI Albanes, Demetrius/B-9749-2015 NR 61 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1518 EP 1524 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602002 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 865HV UT WOS:000224694200010 PM 15138463 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mannino, DM Redd, SC Mokdad, AH Mott, JA AF Ford, ES Mannino, DM Redd, SC Mokdad, AH Mott, JA TI Body mass index and asthma incidence among USA adults SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE asthma; body mass index; cohort studies; obesity ID WEIGHT-LOSS; AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; MEDICAL RECORDS; MORBID-OBESITY; SURGERY; RISK; IMPROVEMENT; OBSTRUCTION; INFORMATION; INCREASE AB The aim of this study was to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and asthma incidence. Data from the baseline examination conducted during 1971-1975, and the first follow-up conducted during 1982-1984, of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (a cohort study) was used. Asthma was self-reported or reported by proxies. BMI was calculated from measured height and weight obtained during the baseline examination. Among 9, 456 participants aged 25-74 yrs who were free of asthma at baseline, 317 participants reported a diagnosis of asthma during the follow-up interview. Compared with participants with a BMI of 18.5-<25.0 kg(.)m(-2), the odds ratio (OR) for those with a BMI of greater than or equal to35 kg(.)M(-2) was 1.87 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-3.13). ORs were similar for males and females. However, only 125 of the 298 participants who recalled a date of onset reported a diagnosis that occurred after their baseline examination. Among this group of participants, BMI was not significantly associated with asthma incidence (OR 1.52, 95% CI 0.62-3.77). In conclusion, although obese people reported more "incident" asthma during followup, it remains unclear whether this represents reactivation of previously diagnosed asthma or the onset of new cases, and whether these new cases actually represent true asthma or respiratory symptoms misdiagnosed as asthma. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 32 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 740 EP 744 DI 10.1183/09031936.04.00088003 PG 5 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 869UI UT WOS:000225009400009 PM 15516666 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Curns, AT Thompson, HA AF Miller, JD Curns, AT Thompson, HA TI A growth study of Coxiella burnetii Nine Mile Phase I and Phase II in Fibroblasts SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coxiella burnetii; Q fever; BHK-21 fibroblasts; cytidine ID ACTIN CYTOSKELETON; Q-FEVER; CELLS; REORGANIZATION; SUBVERSION; IMPAIRMENT; ACTIVATION; MONOCYTES; DELETIONS; VARIANTS AB Coxiella burnetii, a slow-growing, gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of Q fever in humans. The avirulent Phase II C burnetii Nine Mile strain can invade and establish persistent infections in a wide variety of laboratory cell lines, and is generally considered to be easier to grow in culture than the wild-type Phase I organism. Efforts to improve Phase I organism yield in the BHK-21 cell line demonstrated that high CO2 conditions and the use of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 4.5 g/l glucose supplementation resulted in higher organism yields. Phase II organisms grown in the same cell line and conditions showed lower growth rates. Analysis revealed that increased average numbers of C burnetii Phase I organisms within fibroblasts was due to higher growth rates within the hosts rather than to increased uptake or to increased cell-to-cell spreading. Addition of the nucleoside cytidine to the growth medium stimulated growth of Phase II but not Phase I organisms. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Q Fever Unit,Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Cell Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Thompson, HA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Q Fever Unit,Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM het2@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-34984-03] NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 3 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.06.003 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 865CX UT WOS:000224681200003 PM 15477042 ER PT J AU Satten, GA Epstein, MP AF Satten, GA Epstein, MP TI Comparison of prospective and retrospective methods for haplotype inference in case-control studies SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case-control study; haplotype; E-M algorithm; ECM algorithm ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; LINKAGE PHASE; SCORE TESTS; ASSOCIATION; ALGORITHM; TRAITS AB We compare bias and power of three methods for haplotype inference on disease risk using unphased genotype data from a case-control study. We examine the prospective score test of Schaid et al. ([2002] Am. J. Hum. Genet 70:425-434), a novel modification of the prospective estimating equations of Zhao et al. ([2003] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:1231-1250) and the retrospective likelihood of Epstein and Satten ([2003] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 73:1316-1329). We find that all three approaches are roughly comparable when the haplotype effect on disease odds follows a multiplicative model. However, for dominant and recessive models of haplotype effect, the retrospective-likelihood method has increased efficiency with respect to the prospective methods. As all three methods assume haplotype frequencies are in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), we compare the robustness of each procedure to departures from HWE. We find the prospective methods are robust to departure from HWE, while the retrospective-likelihood method is biased for dominant and recessive models of haplotype effect. To remedy this limitation of the retrospective-likelihood method, we propose a modification that allows for a non-negative fixation index (common to all haplotype pairs) and show it dramatically reduces the bias of the retrospective likelihood when HWE is violated. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Satten, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GSatten@cdc.gov OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 16 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1002/gepi.20020 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 866ZZ UT WOS:000224813200003 PM 15372619 ER PT J AU Selby, JV Narayan, KMV AF Selby, JV Narayan, KMV CA TRIAD Study TI Lowering diabetes costs SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Letter C1 Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Selby, JV (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Oakland, CA USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 6 BP 278 EP 278 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.23.6.278 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 909CF UT WOS:000227835800051 PM 15537621 ER PT J AU Williams, HA Durrheim, D Shretta, R AF Williams, HA Durrheim, D Shretta, R TI The process of changing national malaria treatment policy: lessons from country-level studies SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE malaria; drug policy; treatment policy; treatment guidelines; policy development ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ANTIMALARIAL DRUG-RESISTANCE; HEALTH-CARE SERVICES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; SECTOR REFORM; THERAPY; CHLOROQUINE; PERSPECTIVE; DIAGNOSIS; EFFICACY AB Widespread resistance of Plasmodium falciparum parasites to commonly used antimalarials, such as chloroquine, has resulted in many endemic countries considering changing their malaria treatment policy. Identifying and understanding the key influences that affect decision-making, and factors that facilitate or undermine policy implementation, is critical for improving the policy process and guiding resource allocation during this process. A historical review of archival documents from Malawi and data obtained from in-depth policy studies in four countries (Tanzania, South Africa, Kenya and Peru) that have changed malaria treatment policy provides important lessons about decision-making, the policy cycle and complex policy environment, while specifically identifying strategies successfully employed to facilitate policy-making and implementation. Findings from these country-level studies indicate that the process of malaria drug policy review should be institutionalized in endemic countries and based on systematically collected data. Key stakeholders need to be identified early and engaged in the process, while improved communication is needed on all levels. Although malaria drug policy change is often perceived to be a daunting task, using these and other proven strategies should assist endemic countries to tackle this challenge in a systematic fashion that ensures the development and implementation of the rational malaria drug policy. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Management Sci Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Williams, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Malaria Branch, Mail Stop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM HBW2@cdc.gov; rshretta@msh.org RI Embrett, Mark/H-4466-2014 OI Embrett, Mark/0000-0002-3969-0219 NR 73 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 356 EP 370 DI 10.1093/heapol/czh051 PG 15 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 860QO UT WOS:000224358300002 PM 15459161 ER PT J AU Meeker, JD Singh, NP Ryan, L Duty, SM Barr, DB Herrick, RF Bennett, DH Hauser, R AF Meeker, JD Singh, NP Ryan, L Duty, SM Barr, DB Herrick, RF Bennett, DH Hauser, R TI Urinary levels of insecticide metabolites and DNA damage in human sperm SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE comet assay; DNA damage; exposure; insecticides ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; CARBARYL-EXPOSED EMPLOYEES; COMET ASSAY; IN-VITRO; SPINDLE DISTURBANCES; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; C-MITOSIS; RATS; PESTICIDES; REPAIR AB Background: Members of the general population are exposed to non-persistent insecticides at low levels. The present study explored whether environmental exposures to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos are associated with DNA damage in human sperm. Methods: Subjects (n=260) were recruited through a Massachusetts infertility clinic. Individual exposures were measured as spot urinary metabolite concentrations of chlorpyrifos [3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY)] and carbaryl [1-naphthol (1N)], adjusted using specific gravity. Sperm DNA integrity was assessed by neutral comet assay and reported as comet extent, percentage DNA in comet tail (Tail%) and tail distributed moment (TDM). Results: A statistically significant increase in Tail% was found for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in both 1N [coefficient = 4.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-6.3] and TCPY (2.8; 0.9-4.6), while a decrease in TDM was associated with IQR changes in 1N (-2.2; -4.9 to 0.5) and TCPY (-2.5; -4.7 to -0.2). A negative correlation between Tail% and TDM was present only when stratified by comet extent, suggesting that Tail% and TDM may measure different types of DNA damage within comet extent strata. Conclusions: Environmental exposure to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos may be associated with increased DNA damage in human sperm, as indicated by a change in comet assay parameters. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Simmons Coll, Sch Hlth Studies, Nursing Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Androl Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, In Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Bldg 1 Room 1405,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hohp.harvard.edu RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490; Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES09718] NR 52 TC 54 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 19 IS 11 BP 2573 EP 2580 DI 10.1093/humrep/deh444 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 865LB UT WOS:000224703500024 PM 15333606 ER PT J AU Selenic, D Arduino, M Panlilio, A Pearson, M Tokars, J Cardinali, F Blount, B Jarrett, J AF Selenic, D Arduino, M Panlilio, A Pearson, M Tokars, J Cardinali, F Blount, B Jarrett, J TI Epidemic parenteral exposure to volatile sulfur-containing compounds at a hemodialysis center - Reply SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Quality Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Selenic, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Quality Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 25 IS 11 BP 900 EP 900 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 870TA UT WOS:000225079800007 ER PT J AU Bryant, KA Stover, B Cain, L Levine, GL Siegel, J Jarvis, WR AF Bryant, KA Stover, B Cain, L Levine, GL Siegel, J Jarvis, WR TI Improving influenza immunization rates among healthcare workers caring for high-risk pediatric patients SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM-CARE; NOSOCOMIAL INFLUENZA; PREVENTION; UNIT; VACCINATION; OUTBREAK; HOSPITALS; PERSONNEL; TRIAL AB OBJECTIVE: To assess influenza vaccination rates of healthcare workers (HCWs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), and oncology units in Pediatric Prevention Network (PPN) hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Infection control practitioners and HCWs in NICUs, PICUs, and oncology units. METHODS: In November 2000, posters, electronic copies of a slide presentation, and an influenza fact sheet were distributed to 32 of 76 PPN hospitals. In January 2001, a survey was distributed to PPN hospital participants to obtain information about the immunization campaigns. On February 7, 2001, a survey of influenza immunization was conducted among HCWs in NICU, PICU, and oncology units at participating hospitals. RESULTS: Infection control practitioners from 19 (25%) of the 76 PPN hospitals completed the surveys. The median influenza immunization rate was 43% (range, 12% to 63%), with 7 hospitals exceeding 50%. HCWs (n = 1,123) at 15 PPN hospitals completed a survey; 53% of HCWs reported receiving influenza immunization. Immunization rates varied by work site: 52% in NICUs and PICUs compared with 60% in oncology units. Mobile carts and PPN educational fact cards were associated with higher rates among these subpopulations (P <.001) (361 [63%] of 575 vs 236 [44%] of 541 for mobile carts; 378 [60%] of 633 vs 219 [45%] of 483 for fact cards). CONCLUSION: Despite delayed distribution of influenza vaccine during the 2000-2001 season, immunization rates at 7 hospitals and among HCWs in high-risk units exceeded the National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions goal of 50% (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004;25:912917). C1 Kosair Childrens Hosp, Louisville, KY USA. Bellarmine Univ, Louisville, KY USA. Natl Assoc Childrens Hosp & Related Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. Childrens Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. RP Bryant, KA (reprint author), 571 S Floyd St,Suite 321, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. NR 32 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 25 IS 11 BP 912 EP 917 DI 10.1086/502319 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 870TA UT WOS:000225079800011 PM 15566023 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, B Shefer, A McKibben, L Roberts, H Bratzler, D AF Bardenheier, B Shefer, A McKibben, L Roberts, H Bratzler, D TI Characteristics of long-term-care facility residents associated with receipt of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NURSING-HOMES; RATES AB BACKGROUND: Studies have found residency in long-term-care facilities (LTCFs) a risk factor for influenza and pneumonia and have demonstrated that vaccinations against these diseases reduce the risk of disease. However, rates are below Healthy People 2010 goals of 90% for LTCFs. During 1999-2002, a multi-state demonstration project was conducted in LTCFs to implement standing orders programs for immunizations. OBJECTIVE: Identify nursing home resident-specific characteristics associated with vaccination coverage at baseline. METHODS: Facility-level data were collected from self-reported surveys of selected nursing homes in 14 states and from the On-line Survey and Certification Reporting System. Resident-level data, including demographics and physical functioning, were obtained from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Minimum Data Set; 2000-2001 vaccination status was obtained by chart review. Influenza vaccination status reflected a single season, whereas pneumococcal vaccination status reflected vaccination in the past. Multilevel analysis was used to control for facility-level variation. RESULTS: Of 22,188 residents sampled in 249 LTCFs, complete data were obtained for 20,516 (92%). The average coverage for immunizations was 58.5% +/- 0.7% for influenza and 34.6% +/- 0.3% for pneumococcal. On bivariate analyses, residents with cognitive, psychiatric, or neurologic problems were more likely to be vaccinated; those with accidental injuries, unstable conditions, or cancer were less likely to receive either vaccine. On multilevel analysis, the strongest resident characteristics associated with receipt of immunizations, controlling facility variation, were cognitive deficits and psychiatric illness. CONCLUSION: The variation in baseline vaccination coverage associated with LTCF resident characteristics supports the need for strategies to increase vaccination coverage in LTCFs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oklahoma Fdn Med Qual, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bardenheier, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 25 IS 11 BP 946 EP 954 DI 10.1086/502325 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 870TA UT WOS:000225079800017 PM 15566029 ER PT J AU Friedman, DS Curtis, R Schauer, SL Salvi, S Klapholz, H Treadwell, T Wortzman, J Bisgard, KM Lett, SM AF Friedman, DS Curtis, R Schauer, SL Salvi, S Klapholz, H Treadwell, T Wortzman, J Bisgard, KM Lett, SM TI Surveillance for transmission and antibiotic adverse events among neonates and adults exposed to a healthcare worker with pertussis SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Immunization Conference CY MAR 17-21, 2003 CL Chicago, IL ID SHORT-TERM TREATMENT; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; HOUSEHOLD EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; AZITHROMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; ADOLESCENTS; OUTBREAK; EFFICACY; VACCINE AB BACKGROUND: During a hospital obstetric rotation, a medical student demonstrated classic symptoms of pertussis. The diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of Bordetella pertussis. Because this exposure occurred in a high-risk hospital setting, control measures were undertaken to prevent transmission and illness. OBJECTIVES: To identify secondary cases of pertussis, to determine compliance with chemoprophylaxis recommendations, and to monitor for adverse events associated with chemoprophylaxis following a hospital exposure to pertussis. PATIENTS: More than 500 individuals were potentially exposed, including 168 neonates; antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis was administered to 281 individuals. Fifty-eight neonates and 194 adults began azithromycin chemoprophylaxis; 18 neonates and 2 adults began erythromycin chemo prophylaxis. METHODS: Active surveillance was instituted for (1) secondary cases of pertussis among healthcare coworkers, obstetric patients, their neonates, and labor companions and (2) antibiotic compliance and tolerance. RESULTS: No secondary cases of pertussis were confirmed by laboratory tests; however, 26 suspected cases and 5 clinically compatible cases were identified. Antibiotic courses were completed by 95% of the individuals who initiated therapy. Neonates taking azithromycin had statistically significantly less gastrointestinal distress compared with neonates taking erythromycin (12% vs 50%; P =.002); there were no cases of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although it was not possible to assess the effectiveness of the antibiotic regimens, the lack of laboratory-confirmed secondary cases suggests control measures were successful. Data from the 58 neonates who received azithromycin suggest it may be well tolerated in this age group. C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Div Epidemiol & Immunizat, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Metrowest Med Ctr, Framingham, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Friedman, DS (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Div Epidemiol & Immunizat, 305 South St, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 25 IS 11 BP 967 EP 973 DI 10.1086/502328 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 870TA UT WOS:000225079800020 PM 15566032 ER PT J AU Jacobson, SH Sewell, EC Weniger, BG AF Jacobson, SH Sewell, EC Weniger, BG TI An operations research software tool for designing pediatric vaccine formularies for childhood immunization SO INTERFACES LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Safety Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jacobson, SH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM shj@uiuc.edu; esewell@siue.edu; bgw2@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 6 BP 440 EP 441 PG 2 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 885TL UT WOS:000226179700004 ER PT J AU Svensson, EB Morata, TC Nylen, P Krieg, EF Johnson, AC AF Svensson, EB Morata, TC Nylen, P Krieg, EF Johnson, AC TI Beliefs and attitudes among Swedish workers regarding the risk of hearing loss SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hearing protectors; noise; comfort ID HEALTH-PROMOTION MODEL; PROTECTORS; NOISE AB The beliefs and attitudes regarding the risk of hearing loss and then impact on hearing protector use were investigated among Swedish workers. A questionnaire. developed by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), was used. The study objective was to assess workers attitudes towards using hearing protection devices (HPDs) and to enhance the ability of workers to protect themselves from occupational hearing loss. Ninety-five per cent of the respondents were aware that loud noise could damage their hearing. 90% considered that a hearing loss would be a serious problem, and 85% believed that HPDs could protect their hearing However, lower percentages of workers always used the HPDs when they were noise-exposed. Fifty-five per cent of the workers indicated that they could not hear warning signals when using HPDs. and 45% of the workers indicated that they considered HPDs to be uncomfortable. These issues must be addressed to make HPD use more effective. C1 Natl Inst Working Life, Program Tech Hyg, Umea, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Unit Tech Audiol, Dept Clin Neurosci, S-18288 Danderyd, Sweden. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Natl Inst Working Life, Dept Work & Hlth, Solna, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Ctr Hearing & Commun Res, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Svensson, EB (reprint author), Natl Inst Working Life, Program Tech Hyg, Umea, Sweden. EM eva.b.svensson@ens.ki.se RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1499-2027 J9 INT J AUDIOL JI Int. J. Audiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 43 IS 10 BP 585 EP 593 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 889KL UT WOS:000226441800005 PM 15724523 ER PT J AU Steck-Scott, S Forman, MR Sowell, A Borkowf, CB Albert, PS Slattery, M Brewer, B Caan, B Paskett, E Iber, F Kikendall, W Marshall, J Shike, M Weissfeld, J Snyder, K Schatzkin, A Lanza, E AF Steck-Scott, S Forman, MR Sowell, A Borkowf, CB Albert, PS Slattery, M Brewer, B Caan, B Paskett, E Iber, F Kikendall, W Marshall, J Shike, M Weissfeld, J Snyder, K Schatzkin, A Lanza, E CA Polyp Prevention Trial Study Grp TI Carotenoids, vitamin A and risk of adenomatous polyp recurrence in the polyp prevention trial SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; vitamin A; adenomatous polyps; epidemiology ID SERUM BETA-CAROTENE; LUNG-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; COLON-CANCER; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; DIETARY INTERVENTION; SUBSEQUENT RISK; HIGH-FIBER; FOLLOW-UP AB One trial reported beta-carotene supplementation was protective of adenomatous polyp recurrence in nonsmokers. We now examine the relation of serum and dietary carotenoids and vitamin A to adenomatous polyp recurrence in a subcohort of 834 participants in a low fat, high fiber, high fruit and vegetable dietary intervention, the Polyp Prevention Trial. Multivariate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cl) of polyp recurrence were obtained using baseline or the average (first 3 years of the trial) carotenoid and vitamin A values after adjustment for covariates. Compared to the lowest quartile of baseline alpha-carotene concentrations, the OR of multiple polyp recurrence for the highest quartile was 0.55 (95% Cl = 0.30-0.99) and the OR of right-sided recurrence was 0.60 (95% Cl = 0.37-0.95). Baseline dietary intakes of alpha-carotene and vitamin A from food with/without supplements were inversely associated with any recurrence (p(for linear trend) = 0.03- alpha-carotene; p = 0.004 and p = 0.007 -intakes of vitamin A). Compared to the lowest quartile of averaged beta-carotene concentrations, the OR of multiple adenomas for the highest quartile was 0.40 (95% Cl = 0.22-0.75) with an inverse trend (p = 0.02). The risk was inversely related to averaged: alpha-carotene concentrations and right-sided polyps; alpha-carotene intake and recurrence of any, multiple and right-sided polyps; beta-carotene intake and multiple adenoma recurrence; vitamin A from food (with supplements) and each adverse endpoint. Thus, alpha-carotene and vitamin A may protect against recurrence in nonsmokers and nondrinkers or be indicative of compliance or another healthy lifestyle factor that reduces risk. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NCI, Biomet Res Branch, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Kaiser Fdn, Inst Res, Oakland, CA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Edward Hines Jr Hosp, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Hines, IL USA. USA, Walter Reed Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Rockville, MD USA. NCI, Nutre Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Steck-Scott, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, CB 7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM susan_scott@unc.edu RI Steck, Susan/G-5736-2013 NR 64 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 112 IS 2 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1002/ijc.20364 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 854YJ UT WOS:000223939500017 PM 15352043 ER PT J AU Hogben, M Bloom, F McFarlane, M St Lawrence, JS Malotte, CK AF Hogben, M Bloom, F McFarlane, M St Lawrence, JS Malotte, CK CA GCAP Study Grp TI Factors associated with sexually transmitted disease clinic attendance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES LA English DT Article DE STD; health care facilities; treatment barriers ID HEALTH-CARE; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; STD SERVICES; PATTERNS; FAIL AB Most people in the United States who are infected with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) do not attend STD clinics for treatment in spite of the low-cost efficacious treatment. We asked a clinic and a community sample about perceived benefits and problems of attending an STD clinic. Analyses yielded two treatment-oriented and two socially oriented, factors.. which were also expressed in qualitative interviews. Further analyses suggested that treatmentoriented factors were more strongly associated with clinic attendance than were social factors, although respondents were more positive about expected quality of treatment than they were about retaining confidentiality. We suggest that implications of the results favor integrating STD care with other health care. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7489 J9 INT J NURS STUD JI Int. J. Nurs. Stud. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 41 IS 8 BP 911 EP 920 DI 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.04.005 PG 10 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 868PZ UT WOS:000224926800010 PM 15476764 ER PT J AU Foster, G Holmes, B Steigerwalt, AG Lawson, PA Thorne, P Byrer, DE Ross, HM Xerry, J Thompson, PM Collins, MD AF Foster, G Holmes, B Steigerwalt, AG Lawson, PA Thorne, P Byrer, DE Ross, HM Xerry, J Thompson, PM Collins, MD TI Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp nov., isolated from marine mammals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; ALLIED TAXA; IDENTIFICATION; HELICOBACTER; CLASSIFICATION; ARCOBACTER; ENTERITIS; TAXONOMY; VIBRIO AB Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on four Campylobacter-like organisms recovered from three seals and a porpoise. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the organisms represent a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Campylobacter, associated with a subcluster containing Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari. DNA-DNA hybridization studies confirmed that the bacteria belonged to a single species, for which the name Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov. is NCTC 12927(T) (= CCUG 48653(T)). C1 SAC, Vet Serv, Inverness IV2 4JZ, Scotland. Hlth Protect Agcy, Natl Collect Type Cultures, Cent Publ Hlth Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. Coventry Univ, Sch Nat & Environm Sci, Coventry CV1 5FB, W Midlands, England. Hlth Protect Agcy, Helicobacter Reference Unit, Cent Publ Hlth Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross, Scotland. RP Foster, G (reprint author), SAC, Vet Serv, Stratherrick Rd, Inverness IV2 4JZ, Scotland. EM g.foster@ed.sac.ac.uk RI Lawson, Paul/E-3760-2012; Thompson, Paul /B-6742-2009 OI Thompson, Paul /0000-0001-6195-3284 NR 20 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 54 BP 2369 EP 2373 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63147-0 PN 6 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 874QX UT WOS:000225366000078 PM 15545485 ER PT J AU Cooksey, RC de Waard, JH Yakrus, MA Rivera, I Chopite, M Toney, SR Morlock, GP Butler, WR AF Cooksey, RC de Waard, JH Yakrus, MA Rivera, I Chopite, M Toney, SR Morlock, GP Butler, WR TI Mycobacterium cosmeticum sp nov., a novel rapidly growing species isolated from a cosmetic infection and from a nail salon SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; ELECTROPHORESIS; FURUNCULOSIS; TUBERCULOSIS; FOOTBATHS; TAXONOMY; GENE; DNA AB Four isolates of a rapidly growing Mycobacterium species had a mycolic acid pattern similar to that of Mycobacterium smegmatis, as determined by HPLC analyses. Three of the isolates were from footbath drains and a sink at a nail salon located in Atlanta, GA, USA; the fourth was obtained from a granulomatous subdermal lesion of a female patient in Venezuela who was undergoing mesotherapy. By random amplified polymorphic DNA electrophoresis and PFGE of large restriction fragments, the three isolates from the nail salon were shown to be the same strain but different from the strain from the patient in Venezuela. Polymorphisms in regions of the rpoB, hsp65 and 16S rRNA genes that were shown to be useful for species identification matched for the two strains but were different from those of other Mycobacterium species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the strains in a taxonomic group along with Mycobacterium frederiksbergense, Mycobacterium hodleri, Mycobacterium diernhoferi and Mycobacterium neoaurum. The strains produced a pale-yellow pigment when grown in the dark at the optimal temperature of 35degreesC. Biochemical testing showed that the strains were positive for iron uptake, nitrate reduction and utilization Of D-mannitol, D-Xylose, iso-myo-inositol, L-arabinose, citrate and D-trehalose. The strains were negative for D-Sorbitol utilization and production of niacin and 3-day arylsulfatase, although arylsulfatase activity was observed after 14 days. The isolates grew on MacConkey agar without crystal violet but not on media containing 5% (w/v) NaCl or at 45degreesC. They were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, tobramycin, cefoxitin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole and imipenem. The name Mycobacterium cosmeticum sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species; two strains, LTA-388(T) (= ATCC BAA-878(T) = CIP 108170(T)) (the type strain) and 2003-11-06 (= ATCC BAA-879 = CIP 108169) have been designated, respectively, for the strains of the patient in Venezuela and from the nail salon in Atlanta, GA, USA. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Biomed, Lab TB, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Cooksey, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rcooksey@cdc.gov OI de Waard, Jacobus/0000-0003-4118-1015 NR 28 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 54 BP 2385 EP 2391 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63238-0 PN 6 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 874QX UT WOS:000225366000081 PM 15545488 ER PT J AU Harro, CD Judson, FN Gorse, GJ Mayer, KH Kostman, JR Brown, SJ Koblin, B Marmor, M Bartholow, BN Popovic, V AF Harro, CD Judson, FN Gorse, GJ Mayer, KH Kostman, JR Brown, SJ Koblin, B Marmor, M Bartholow, BN Popovic, V CA VAX004 Study Grp TI Recruitment and baseline epidemiologic profile of participants in the first phase 3 HIV vaccine efficacy trial SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE rgp 120 HIV vaccine; efficacy trial; HIV incidence; risk factors; AIDSVAX B/B ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; CLINICAL-TRIALS; RISK BEHAVIOR; BISEXUAL MEN; WILLINGNESS; FEASIBILITY; INFECTION; TYPE-1; GAY AB Objective: To describe recruitment and baseline epidemiologic characteristics of volunteers in the first phase 3 placebo-controlled trial of a recombinant gp120 HIV vaccine (AIDSVAX B/B). Methods: Volunteers were gay/bisexual men or women at risk for sexually transmitted HIV infection. Recruitment strategies, demographics, and risk factors were assessed. HIV status was determined by standard HIV-1 antibody assays. Seronegative/viremic HIV infection at enrollment was determined using the HIV-1 nucleic acid test. Results: From June 1998 through October 1999, 5417 of 7185 volunteers screened were enrolled at 61 sites in the United States, Canada, and The Netherlands. Successful recruitment methods included distribution of study information at gay venues, advertising and media coverage, and referrals from volunteers. Most volunteers were altruistically motivated, men (98%), young (median, 36 years), white (83%), well educated (61% college education or more), and at high risk for HIV during the 6 months before enrollment. At baseline, 14 were HIV infected (12 were seronegative but viremic; 2 were seropositive and viremic). Conclusion: Men and women at high risk for sexually transmitted HIV infection were successfully recruited for the first phase 3 HIV vaccine efficacy trial. Knowledge of recruitment and baseline epidemiologic characteristics of participants in this trial will provide valuable guidance for designing and conducting future trials. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. St Louis Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Fenway Community Hlth Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Field Initiating Grp HIV Trials, FIGHT, Philadelphia, PA USA. AIDS Res Alliance, W Hollywood, CA USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Vax Gen Inc, Brisbane, CA USA. RP Harro, CD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, 624 N Broadway,Hampton House,Room 117, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM charro@jhsph.edu OI Marmor, Michael/0000-0001-6605-2661 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1385 EP 1392 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000122983.87519.b5 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 866YN UT WOS:000224809400007 PM 15483468 ER PT J AU Thorpe, LE Frederick, M Pitt, J Cheng I Watts, DH Buschur, S Green, K Zorrilla, C Landesman, SH Hershow, RC AF Thorpe, LE Frederick, M Pitt, J Cheng, I Watts, DH Buschur, S Green, K Zorrilla, C Landesman, SH Hershow, RC TI Effect of hard-drug use on CD4 cell percentage, HIV RNA level, and progression to AIDS-defining class C events among HIV-infected women SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; disease progression; drug use; CD4 lymphocyte count; HIV RNA level ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; DISEASE PROGRESSION; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; DOCUMENTED DATES; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ADULTS; COCAINE USE AB (I)n vitro and animal studies suggest that cocaine and heroin increase HIV replication and suppress immune function, whereas epidemiologic studies are inconclusive regarding their effect on HIV infection progression. The authors prospectively examined the association between illicit-drug use and 4 outcome measures (CD4 cell percentage, HIV RNA level, survival to class C diagnosis of HIV infection, and death) in a national cohort of HIV-infected women. Women enrolled between 1989 and 1995 were followed for 5 years and repeatedly interviewed about illicit ("hard")-drug use. Up to 3 periodic urine screens validated self-reported use. Outcomes were compared between hard-drug users (women using cocaine, heroin, methadone, or injecting drugs) and nonusers, adjusting for age, antiretroviral therapy, number of pregnancies, smoking, and baseline CD4 cell percentage. Of 1148 women, 40% reported baseline hard-drug use during pregnancy. In multivariate analyses, hard-drug use was not associated with change in CD4 cell percentage (P = 0.84), HIV RNA level (P = 0.48), or all-cause mortality (relative hazard = 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-1.98). Hard-drug users did, however, exhibit a higher risk of developing class C diagnoses (relative hazard = 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-2.72), especially herpes, pulmonary tuberculosis, and recurrent pneumonia. Hard-drug-using women may have a higher risk for nonfatal opportunistic infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Commun, Div Adult Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Clin Trials & Surveys Corp, Baltimore, MD USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY USA. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. SUNY Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. RP Thorpe, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Commun, Div Adult Community Hlth, M-S K-40, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lthorpe@health.nyc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00645, RR00188]; NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI 85339, 1 U01 AI 50274-01, U01 AI34858, U01 AI 34841]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01 HD 41983, HD-3-6-6117]; NIDA NIH HHS [9U01 DA 15054, U01 DA 15053] NR 61 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1423 EP 1430 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000127354.78706.5d PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 866YN UT WOS:000224809400011 PM 15483472 ER PT J AU Boccelli, DL Small, MJ Diwekar, UM AF Boccelli, DL Small, MJ Diwekar, UM TI Treatment plant design for particulate removal: Effects of flow rate and particle characteristics SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COST; KINETICS AB The removal of particulate matter is central to the drinking water treatment process. An integrated model for describing contact, direct, and nonsweep conventional filtration is incorporated into an optimization framework to determine least-cost treatment configurations and design parameters that satisfy hydraulic and effluent concentration constraints. Various influent particle concentrations, size distributions, and size ranges under different flow rates and particle densities are explored to illustrate the importance of size distribution characteristics, flow rate, and particle density on design decisions. In general, contact filtration and conventional filtration are the predominant treatment processes, with direct filtration used sparingly for waters with higher concentrations of small particles. The results illustrate that the volume average diameter is not sufficient to characterize the treatment performance; rather, the particle size range and distribution shape are also needed to determine the appropriate treatment configuration. Increasing the design flow rate (2, 10, and 75 mgd [7.57, 37.85, and 283.88 ML/d]) and particle density (1.05, 1.20, and 2.40 g/cm(3)) both lead to a preference for contact filtration over conventional filtration. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Boccelli, DL (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 210071, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dominic.bocelli@uc.edu NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 77 EP 90 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 876CQ UT WOS:000225473900011 ER PT J AU Donohue, JP Welsh, WJ AF Donohue, JP Welsh, WJ TI Speciation of Listeria via pyrolysis/gas chromatography SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE Listeria; L. monocytogenes; pyrolysis; wavelet transform; artificial neural network ID NEURAL-NETWORK ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTRA; MICROORGANISMS; CLASSIFICATION; BACTERIA AB Listeriosis is a serious food-borne illness. Traditional biochemical methodology requires 5-7 days to confirm the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent. Pyrolysis/gas chromatography offers a rapid analytical technique, which generates a prodigious amount of data. Numerous studies characterizing bacteria by pyrolysis have been performed in various laboratories to date. Historically, many of these studies have targeted specific biochemical compounds or processes for subsequent research. The current study has taken a different approach. In this research, the pattern generated by the pyrolysis of various Listeria species (L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. monocytogenes, and L. seeligeri) is analyzed without regard to the biochemical basis for this pattern. The goal is to speciate these organisms by computational analyses of the pyrolysis pattern. Eighteen pyrolyzates of L. innocua, 10 pyrolyzates of L. ivanovii, 10 pyrolyzates of L monocytogenes, and 32 pyrolyzates of L seeligeri were chromatographed on a 30 m DB-5 column, using flame ionization detection (FID). Fifteen pyrolyzates of L. innocua, L. monocytogenes, L. seeligeri, each and 16 pyrolyzates of L. ivanovii were chromatographed on a 30 m DB-17 column with FID. The resulting signal data were processed and then converted via a Daubechies 8 wavelet transform into a data set of significantly smaller size. These data sets were presented as input to an optimized artificial neural network (ANN) functioning as a pattern recognition tool. The ANN (a probabilistic neural network) achieved correct identifications for over 97% of the organisms chromatographed on the DB-5 column. While a similar ANN correctly identified the organisms chromatographed on the DB-17 column at a rate of over 80%. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Donohue, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jdonohue@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 72 IS 2 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.jaap.2004.06.004 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 872UT UT WOS:000225234900005 ER PT J AU Blair, PJ Jiang, J Schoeler, GB Moron, C Anaya, E Cespedes, M Cruz, C Felices, V Guevara, C Mendoza, L Villaseca, P Sumner, JW Richards, AL Olson, JG AF Blair, PJ Jiang, J Schoeler, GB Moron, C Anaya, E Cespedes, M Cruz, C Felices, V Guevara, C Mendoza, L Villaseca, P Sumner, JW Richards, AL Olson, JG TI Characterization of spotted fever group rickettsiae in flea and tick specimens from northern Peru SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; PCR-AMPLIFIED DNA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CAT FLEAS; ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; BORNE RICKETTSIOSES; GENUS RICKETTSIA; MURINE TYPHUS; PROTEIN ROMPA AB Evidence of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae was obtained from flea pools and individual ticks collected at three sites in northwestern Peru within the focus of an outbreak of febrile disease in humans attributed, in part, to SFG rickettsia infections. Molecular identification of the etiologic agents from these samples was determined after partial sequencing of the 17-kDa common antigen gene (htrA) as well as pairwise nucleoticle sequence homology with one or more of the following genes: gltA, ompA, and ompB. Amplification and sequencing of portions of the htrA and ompA genes in pooled samples (2 of 59) taken from fleas identified the pathogen Rickettsia felis. Four tick samples yielded molecular evidence of SFG rickettsiae. Fragments of the ompA (540-bp) and ompB (2,484-bp) genes were amplified from a single Amblyomma maculatum tick (tick 124) and an Ixodes boliviensis tick (tick 163). The phylogenetic relationships between the rickettsiae in these samples and other rickettsiae were determined after comparison of their ompB sequences by the neighbor-joining method. The dendrograms generated showed that the isolates exhibited close homology (97%) to R. aeschli-mannii and R. rhipicephali. Significant bootstrap values supported clustering adjacent to this nodule of the SFG rickettsiae. While the agents identified in the flea and tick samples have not been linked to human cases in the area, these results demonstrate for the first time that at least two SFG rickettsia agents were circulating in northern Peru at the time of the outbreak. Furthermore, molecular analysis of sequences derived from the two separate species of hard ticks identified a possibly novel member of the SFG rickettsiae. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Minist Hlth, NIH, Lima, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blair, PJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Unit 8132,FPO AP 96520-8132, Jakarta, Indonesia. EM blair@namru2.med.NAVY.mil NR 53 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4961 EP 4967 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.114961-4967.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 871QV UT WOS:000225149300007 PM 15528680 ER PT J AU Watt, JP O'Brien, KL Katz, S Bronsdon, MA Elliott, J Dallas, J Perilla, MJ Reid, R Murrow, L Facklam, R Santosham, M Whitney, CG AF Watt, JP O'Brien, KL Katz, S Bronsdon, MA Elliott, J Dallas, J Perilla, MJ Reid, R Murrow, L Facklam, R Santosham, M Whitney, CG TI Nasopharyngeal versus oropharyngeal sampling for detection of pneumococcal carriage in adults SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UPPER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; BACTERIAL-FLORA; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; SECRETIONS; FAMILIES; CARRIERS; CHILDREN; INFANTS; VACCINE AB Several studies have shown that nasopharyngeal sampling is more sensitive than oropharyngeal sampling for the detection of pneumococcal carriage in children. The data for adults are limited and conflicting. This study was part of a larger study of pneumococcal carriage on the Navajo and White Mountain Apache Reservation following a clinical trial of a seven-vallent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Persons aged 18 years and older living in households with children enrolled in the vaccine trial were eligible. We collected both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens by passing a flexible calcium alginate wire swab either nasally to the posterior nasopharynx or orally to the posterior oropharynx. Swabs were placed in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerin medium and frozen at -70degreesC. Pneumococcal isolation was performed by standard techniques. Analyses were based on specimens collected from 1,994 adults living in 1,054 households. Nasopharyngeal specimens (11.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.8 and 12.6%) were significantly more likely to grow pneumococci than were oropharyngeal specimens (5.8%; 95% CI, 4.8 to 6.9%) (P < 0.0001). Few persons had pneumococcal growth from both specimens (1.7%). Therefore, both tests together were more likely to identify pneumococcal carriage (15.2%; 95% CI, 13.7 to 16.9%) than either test alone. Although we found that nasopharyngeal sampling was more sensitive than oropharyngeal sampling, nasopharyngeal sampling alone would have underestimated the prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in this adult population. Sampling both sites may give more accurate results than sampling either site alone in studies of pneumococcal carriage in adults. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Watt, JP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jwatt@jhsph.edu NR 15 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4974 EP 4976 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.11.4974-4976.2004 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 871QV UT WOS:000225149300009 PM 15528682 ER PT J AU Swenson, JM Killgore, GE Tenover, FC AF Swenson, JM Killgore, GE Tenover, FC TI Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Acinetobacter spp. by NCCLS broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; BAUMANNII STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; SULBACTAM; COMBINATION; RESISTANCE AB Although both broth microdilution (BMD) and disk diffusion (DD) are listed by NCCLS as acceptable methods for testing Acinetobacter spp. for antimicrobial susceptibility, few studies have compared the results generated by the two methods. We tested 196 isolates of Acinetobacter spp. from nine U.S. hospitals and from the Centers for Disease Control culture collection by using BMD and DD and clinically appropriate antimicrobial agents. Categorical results for amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, tobramycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were comparable for the two methods: there was only one very major (VM) error, with tobramycin, and only one major (M) error, with meropenem, when DD results were compared with BMD results. However, VM errors were frequent with the beta-lactams and beta-lactam-beta-lactam inhibitor combinations, while M errors were often observed with tetracyclines. For BMD, tests frequently exhibited subtle growth patterns that were difficult to interpret, especially for beta-lactams. If subtle growth (i.e., granular, small button, or "starry" growth) was considered positive, error rates between BMD and DD were unacceptably high for ampicillin-sulbactam (VM error, 9.8%; minor [m] error, 16.1%), piperacillin (VM error, 5.7%; m error, 13.5%), piperacillin-tazobactam (VM error, 9.3%; m error, 12.9%), ceftazidime (VM error, 6.2%; In error, 11.4%), cefepime (VM error, 6.2%; m error, 13.0%), cefotaxime (m error, 21.2%), ceftri-axone (m error, 23.3%), tetracycline (M error, 11.4%; m error, 32.1%), and doxycycline (M error, 2.6%). When subtle growth patterns were ignored, the agreement still did not achieve acceptable levels. To determine if the problems with BMD testing occurred in other laboratories, we sent frozen BMD panels containing beta-lactam drugs and nine isolates to six labs with experience in performing BMD and DD. Among these laboratories, cefepime MICs ranged from less than or equal to8 to greater than or equal to32 mug/ml for four of the nine strains, confirming the problem in interpreting BMD results. Discrepancies between the categorical interpretations of BMD and DD tests were noted primarily with cefepime and piperacillin, for which the BMD results were typically more resistant. Clinical laboratories should be aware of these discrepancies. At present, there are no data to indicate which method provides more clinically relevant information. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Swenson, JM (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop G08,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jswenson@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 5102 EP 5108 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.11.5102-5108.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 871QV UT WOS:000225149300029 PM 15528702 ER PT J AU Conville, PS Brown, JM Steigerwalt, AG Lee, JW Anderson, VL Fishbain, JT Holland, SM Witebsky, FG AF Conville, PS Brown, JM Steigerwalt, AG Lee, JW Anderson, VL Fishbain, JT Holland, SM Witebsky, FG TI Nocardia kruczakiae sp nov., a pathogen in immunocompromised patients and a member of the "N. nova complex" SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; DNA AMPLIFICATION; ASTEROIDES; VETERANA; IDENTIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; STRAINS; TAXA AB Molecular methodologies have become useful techniques for the identification of pathogenic Nocardia species and for the recognition of novel species that are capable of causing human disease. Two isolates recovered from immunocompromised patients were characterized as Nocardia nova by biochemical and susceptibility testing results. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns obtained by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of an amplified portion of the heat shock protein gene were identical to those obtained with the type strain of N. nova. REA of an amplified portion of the 16S rRNA gene showed RFLP patterns that were unlike those obtained for the type strain of N. nova but that were similar to those obtained for the type strains of N africana and N. veterana. Subsequent sequencing of a portion of the 16S rRNA gene produced identical results for the two patient isolates. Sequence analysis of 1,352-bp portions of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these isolates were 99.8% similar to the recently described species N. veterana but were only 99.3, 98.1, and 98.1% similar to the type strains of N. afficana, N. nova, and N. vaccinii, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization studies confirmed that the two patient isolates belonged to the same species but were not closely related to N. africana, N. nova, N. vaccinii, or N. veterana. The patient isolates have been designated N. kruczakiae sp. nov. Because N. africana, N. veterana, and the new species are not readily differentiated from N. nova by phenotypic methods alone, the designation "N. nova complex" can be used to designate isolates such as these that phenotypically resemble N. nova but that have not been definitively characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing or DNA-DNA hybridization. C1 US Dept HHS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Host Def Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Microbiol Serv, Dept Lab Med, Bethesda, MD USA. CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Conville, PS (reprint author), US Dept HHS, NIH, 10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1508, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM pconville@nih.gov NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 5139 EP 5145 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.11.5139-5145 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 871QV UT WOS:000225149300034 PM 15528707 ER PT J AU Ndongmo, CB Switzer, WM Pau, CP Zeh, C Schaefer, A Pieniazek, D Folks, TM Kalish, ML AF Ndongmo, CB Switzer, WM Pau, CP Zeh, C Schaefer, A Pieniazek, D Folks, TM Kalish, ML TI New multiple antigenic peptide-based enzyme immunoassay for detection of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in nonhuman primates and humans SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECIES TRANSMISSION; OLD-WORLD PRIMATES; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; SOOTY MANGABEYS; VPU GENE; MONKEYS; LENTIVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; IDENTIFICATION; CHIMPANZEE AB Infections with human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2, respectively) are zoonotic infections. In Africa, the potential exists for additional cross-species transmissions from at least 33 different species of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) through hunting and butchering of these animals for food. Here we describe a highly sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with chemically modified, multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs) developed for the detection and discrimination of antibodies to SIV genetic lineages. The SfV EIA was developed by using a comprehensive array of MAPs covering two envelope gene regions from all of the SIV lineages for which env sequences were available. Assay sensitivity was evaluated by using 63 plasma or serum samples obtained from primates naturally or experimentally infected with SIVs from 10 genetic lineages. Assay specificity was determined by using 97 known SIV-negative plasma specimens from these same species. Also used in the evaluations were 369 human samples: 198 HIV seronegative, 170 HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 seropositive, and 1 from a human SIVsm infection. Overall assay sensitivity and specificity were 100% with both immunodominant region (IDR) and V3 region MAPs. Although SfV env sequences from talapoin monkeys were not available for specific MAP inclusion, 5 (100%) of 5 SIVtal-infected samples were detected through cross-reactivity with other SIV IDR MAPs used in the assay. The one human SIVsm infection was identified. In conclusion, our SIV MAP EIA proved to be highly sensitive and specific for detecting SfV infections in NHPs and humans. As shown with SIV-infected talapoin monkeys, this assay has the potential to detect previously unidentified SIV strains and should be suitable for sentinel surveillance for potential new cross-species transmissions of SIVs to humans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kalish, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkalish@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 5161 EP 5169 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.11.5161-5169.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 871QV UT WOS:000225149300037 PM 15528710 ER PT J AU Dezzutti, CS Astemborski, J Thomas, DL Marshall, JH Cabrera, T Purdy, M Vlahov, D Garfein, RS AF Dezzutti, CS Astemborski, J Thomas, DL Marshall, JH Cabrera, T Purdy, M Vlahov, D Garfein, RS TI Prevalence of cryoglobulinemia in hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; HCV; cryoglobulinemia; coinfection ID LIVER-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; DISORDERS; MORTALITY; RNA AB Background: Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been shown to influence the natural history of hepatitis C infection. Objective: Our interest was to determine if HIV coinfection influences the prevalence of cryoglobulinemia in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected persons. Study design: A total of 384 HCV RNA positive (234 HIV-infected and 150 HIV-uninfected) participants were tested at two visits, 18 months apart, for HCV and HIV RNA, CD4, and liver enzyme levels. Serum cryoglobulin levels were measured at a subsequent visit for a subset of the sample. Results: HIV-infected participants had significantly higher HCV RNA levels (P < 0.0001) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels (P < 0.0001), but not alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (P > 0.05) as compared with HIV-uninfected participants. These findings were consistent at both visits and no significant changes were observed between visits. Fifty (19%) of the 264 participants tested had detectable cryoglobulins. No difference was observed in HIV seropositivity among participants with or without cryoglobulinemia (68% versus 61%; odds ratio = 1.34, P = 0.37). However, among HIV coinfected participants, elevated AST levels (P = 0.04) and lower CD4 levels (P = 0.02) were associated with cryoglobulinemia. Conclusions: While previously reported associations were found between HIV and coinfection with HCV in this study, we did not find an association between HIV infection and cryoglobulinemia. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Dezzutti, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop G19,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdezzutti@cdc.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA 16078, DA 04334] NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.03.014 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 870BD UT WOS:000225028100007 PM 15465414 ER PT J AU Bobick, TG AF Bobick, TG TI Falls through roof and floor openings and surfaces, including skylights: 1992-2000 SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTION-INDUSTRY; INJURY HAZARDS; SAFETY; WORK AB Fall-related occupational injuries and fatalities are still serious problems in the U.S. construction industry. Two Bureau of Labor Statistics databases-Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses-were examined for 1992-2000. An important subset of falls-to-lower-level incidents is when workers fall through openings or surfaces, including skylights. A total of 605 fall-through fatalities occurred during 1992-2000. Also, 21,985 workers were injured seriously enough from fall-through incidents to miss a day away from work (DAFW). Fall-through injuries are among the most severe cases for median number of DAFW. Median DAFW were 35, 11, 25, 12, and 36 for fall-through roof and floor openings, roof and floor surfaces, and skylights, respectively, compared to 10 DAFW for all fall-to-lower-level incidents in all U.S. private industry. A conservative approach, which assumes that direct and indirect costs are equal, estimates a range of $55,000-$76,000 for the total cost of a 1998 DAFW fall-through injury. Current work practices should use commercial fall-prevention products to reduce the frequency and costs of fall-through incidents. These analyses have identified a subset of fall-related incidents that contribute to excessive costs to the U.S. construction industry. Researchers can use a systems approach on these incidents to identify contributing risk factors. Employers and practitioners can alert managers and work crews about these dangerous locations to eliminate these hazards that are often obvious and easy to rectify. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Bobick, TG (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mailstop H-G800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM txb4@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 130 IS 6 BP 895 EP 907 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2004)130:6(895) PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 871XN UT WOS:000225170000016 ER PT J AU Mage, DT Allen, RH Gondy, G Smith, W Barr, DB Needham, LL AF Mage, DT Allen, RH Gondy, G Smith, W Barr, DB Needham, LL TI Estimating pesticide dose from urinary pesticide concentration data by creatinine correction in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III) SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE creatinine correction; S-B model; reference dose; transport maximum; NHANES-III ID GRAVITY ADJUSTMENT; SPOT SAMPLES; EXCRETION; VARIABILITY; CHILDREN; CHLORPYRIFOS; SUBSTANCES; PREDICTION; CLEARANCE; EXPOSURE AB The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES-III) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) recorded data on the urinary concentrations of 12 chemicals ( analytes), which were either pesticides or their metabolites, that represent exposure to certain pesticides, in urine samples collected from 1988 to 1994 from a cohort of 978 volunteer subjects, aged 20-59 years. We have used each subject's urinary creatinine concentration and their individual daily creatinine excretion rate ( g/day) computed from their age, gender, height and weight, to estimate their daily excretionrate in mug analyte/kg/day. We discuss the mechanisms of excretion of the analytes and certain assumptions needed to compute the equivalent daily dietary intake ( mug/kg/day) of the most likely parent pesticide compounds for each excreted analyte. We used literature data on the average amount of parent compound ingested per unit amount of the analyte excreted in the urine, and compared these estimated daily intakes to the US EPA's reference dose ( RfD) values for each of those parent pesticides. A Johnson S-B distribution ( four-parameter lognormal) was fit to these data to estimate the national distribution of exclusive exposures to these 12 parent compounds. Only three such pesticides had a few predicted values above their RfD ( lindane 1.6%; 2,4-dichlorophenol 1.3%; chlorpyrifos 0.02%). Given the possibility of a subject's dietary intake of a pesticide's metabolites incorporated into treated food, our results show that few, if any, individuals in the general US population aged 20-59 years and not employed in pesticide application were likely to have exceeded the USEPA RfD for these parent compounds during the years studied. C1 Temple Univ, Inst Survey Res, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. US EPA, Arlington, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mage, DT (reprint author), Temple Univ, Inst Survey Res, 1601 N Broad St,Rm 502, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM david.mage@temple.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Mage, David/0000-0002-3880-566X NR 27 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 457 EP 465 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500343 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 869ZC UT WOS:000225022800004 PM 15367927 ER PT J AU White, MC Berger-Frank, S Campagna, D Inserra, SG Lackey, M Middleton, D Millette, MD Noonan, CW Peipins, LA Williamson, D AF White, MC Berger-Frank, S Campagna, D Inserra, SG Lackey, M Middleton, D Millette, MD Noonan, CW Peipins, LA Williamson, D CA Hlth Investigations Commun Work Gr TI Communicating results to community residents: Lessons from recent ATSDR health investigations SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communication; community-institutional relations; environmental health; epidemiologic studies; research ID HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; EXPOSURE; SCIENCES; TOOL AB As a public health agency within the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ( ATSDR) is responsible for implementing the health-related provisions of the Superfund Act. Much of its work is carried out to address health concerns in communities near sources of environmental contamination, usually in consultation with other local, state, and federal agencies. Over the last decade, ATSDR has considered, supported or conducted health investigations in a variety of different communities across the country. Communication with community residents has been an integral part of the process in all of these activities. The approach to communicating results needs to begin early by developing relationships and clarifying expectations, and it needs to remain flexible. Through examples taken from specific situations, we illustrate many of the lessons we have gained from trying to apply the principles of good community involvement to the design and conduct of health investigations and to the communication of study results. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Hlth Invest Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP White, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MXW5@CDC.GOV RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012; Noonan, Curtis/B-2198-2015 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962; NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 14 IS 7 BP 484 EP 491 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500391 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 869ZF UT WOS:000225023100002 PM 15280892 ER PT J AU Dunn Jr Keen, JE Del Vecchio, R Wittum, TE Thompson, RA AF Dunn, JR Keen, JE Del Vecchio, R Wittum, TE Thompson, RA TI Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in a cohort of weaned, preconditioned range beef calves SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAYS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FEEDLOT CATTLE; PREVALENCE; O157H7; FOOD; IDENTIFICATION; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC O157) is an important cause of foodborne disease. Cattle are reservoirs for the bacteria and are implicated in transmission to humans. Prevalence data in prefeedlot calves are limited. With the use of sensitive methods, a cohort of weaned beef calves (n 408) was sampled before and after preconditioning to estimate fecal point prevalence and describe changes in EC O157 fecal shedding. EC O157 isolates were confirmed and characterized by PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Calves from 29 cow-calf farms were commingled at three preconditioning sites and placed on a transition ration containing oxytetracycline (200 g/ton) for 45 days. Initial animal-level fecal point prevalence was 2.5% (95% confidence interval, 1 to 5) with a herd-level prevalence of 17.2% (95% confidence interval, 6 to 36). Point prevalence following the preconditioning feeding period was 0%. An unexpected finding in our study was EC O157 isolates that were Shiga toxin-deficient. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtypes of EC O157 were unique in epidemiologically unlinked herds, except one herd that had two unique subtypes. We expected, but observed, neither increased fecal shedding in the cohort nor horizontal transmission of unique EC O157 subtypes. The absence of fecal shedding following the 45-day feeding period might be attributable to seasonal influences, inhibitory concentrations of oxytetracycline in the transition ration, or transient colonization that ended before sampling. EC O157 is apparently widely dispersed at low prevalence in U.S. prefeedlot, weaned calves. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70703 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dunn Jr (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jp_dunn@msn.com NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 67 IS 11 BP 2391 EP 2396 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 868VD UT WOS:000224940200007 PM 15553618 ER PT J AU Kaufman, GE Blackstone, GM Vickery, MCL Bej, AK Bowers, J Bowen, MD Meyer, RF DePaola, A AF Kaufman, GE Blackstone, GM Vickery, MCL Bej, AK Bowers, J Bowen, MD Meyer, RF DePaola, A TI Real-time PCR quantification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters using an alternative matrix SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GULF-COAST OYSTERS; UNITED-STATES; THERMOLABILE HEMOLYSIN; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; RAW OYSTERS; VULNIFICUS; TISSUES; GENE; TDH AB This study examined the relationship between levels of total Vibrio parahaernolyticus found in oyster tissues and mantle fluid with the goal of using mantle fluid as a template matrix in a new quantitative real-time PCR assay targeting the thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) gene for the enumeration of total V. parahaemolyticus in oysters. Oysters were collected near Mobile Bay, Ala., in June, July, and September and tested immediately after collection and storage at 26degreesC for 24 h. Initial experiments using DNA colony hybridization targeting tlh demonstrated that natural V. parahaemolyticus levels in the mantle fluid of individual oysters were strongly correlated (r = 0.85 P < 0.05) with the levels found in their tissues. When known quantities of cultured V. parahaemolyticus cells were added to real-time PCR reactions that contained mantle fluid and oyster tissue matrices separately pooled from multiple oysters, a strong linear correlation was observed between the real-time PCR cycle threshold and the log concentration of cells inoculated into each PCR reaction (mantle fluid: r = 0.98, P < 0.05; and oyster: r = 0.99, P < 0.05). However, the mantle fluid exhibited less inhibition of the PCR amplification than the homogenized oyster tissue. Analysis of natural V. parahaemolyticus populations in mantle fluids using both colony hybridization and realtime PCR demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) but reduced correlation (r = -0.48) between the two methods. Reductions in the efficiency of the real-time PCR that resulted from low population densities of V. parahaemolyticus and PCR inhibitors present in the mantle fluid of some oysters (with significant oyster-to-oyster variation) contributed to the reduction in correlation between the methods that was observed when testing natural V. parahaernolyticus populations. The V. parahaemolyticus-specific real-time PCR assay used for this study could estimate elevated V. parahaeinolyticus levels in oyster mantle fluid within 1 h from sampling time. C1 US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. US FDA, Off Math & Stat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP DePaola, A (reprint author), US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, POB 158, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. EM adepaola@cfsan.fda.gov NR 24 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 67 IS 11 BP 2424 EP 2429 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 868VD UT WOS:000224940200012 PM 15553623 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Michele, SM Maher, K Schnurr, D Cisterna, D Junttila, N Uddin, M Chomel, JJ Lau, CS Ridha, W al-Busaidy, S Norder, H Magnius, LO Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Michele, SM Maher, K Schnurr, D Cisterna, D Junttila, N Uddin, M Chomel, JJ Lau, CS Ridha, W al-Busaidy, S Norder, H Magnius, LO Pallansch, MA TI Molecular identification and characterization of two proposed new enterovirus serotypes, EV74 and EV75 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; UNTYPABLE ENTEROVIRUSES; VP1 SEQUENCE; RT-PCR; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SUBSTITUTIONS; GENOTYPES; DIVERSITY; INFECTION; EVOLUTION AB Sequencing of the gene that encodes the capsid protein VP1 has been used as a surrogate for antigenic typing in order to distinguish enterovirus serotypes; three new serotypes were identified recently by this method. In this study, 14 enterovirus isolates from six countries were characterized as members of two new types within the species Human enterovirus B, based on sequencing of the complete capsid-encoding (P1) region. Isolates within each of these two types differed significantly from one another and from all other known enterovirus serotypes on the basis of sequences that encode either VP1 alone or the entire P1 region. Members of each type were greater than or equal to 77(.)2% identical to one another (89(.)5% amino acid identity) in VP1, but members of the two different types differed from one another and from other enteroviruses by greater than or equal to 31% in nucleotide sequence (25% amino acid sequence difference), indicating that the two groups represent separate new candidate enterovirus types. The complete P1 sequences differed from those of all other enterovirus serotypes by greater than or equal to 31% (26% amino acid sequence difference), but were highly conserved within a serotype (< 8% amino acid sequence difference). Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that isolates of the same serotype were monophyletic in both VP1 and the capsid as a whole, as shown previously for other enterovirus serotypes. This paper proposes that these 14 isolates should be classified as members of two new human enterovirus types, enteroviruses 74 and 75 (EV74 and EV75). C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. ANLIS Carlos Malbran, Inst Nacl Enfermedades Infect, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Swedish Inst Dis Control, Dept Virol, Solna, Sweden. Inst Publ Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ctr Natl Reference Enterovirus, Lyon, France. Queen Marys Hosp, Hong Kong Special Adm Reg, Dept Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Natl Polio Lab, Baghdad, Iraq. Minist Hlth, Direct Gen Hlth Affairs, Dept Lab, Muscat, Oman. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov OI Norder, Helene/0000-0002-7528-3872 NR 32 TC 79 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 85 BP 3205 EP 3212 DI 10.1099/vir.0.80148-0 PN 11 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 866JI UT WOS:000224769400004 PM 15483233 ER PT J AU Erwin, K Blumenthal, DS Chapel, T Allwood, LV AF Erwin, K Blumenthal, DS Chapel, T Allwood, LV TI Building an academic-community partnership for increasing the representation of minorities in the health professions SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE health occupations; leadership; cooperative behavior; community networks ID UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS; CARE; PHYSICIANS; SCIENCE AB We evaluated collaboration among academic and community partners in a program to recruit African American youth into the health professions. Six institutions of higher education, an urban school system, two community organizations, and two private enterprises became partners to create a health career pipeline for this population. The pipeline consisted of 14 subprograms designed to enrich academic science curricula, stimulate the interest of students in health careers, and facilitate entry into professional schools and other graduate-level educational programs. Subprogram directors completed questionnaires regarding a sense of common mission/vision and coo rdination/collaboration three times during the 3-year project. The partners strongly shared a common mission and vision throughout the duration of the program, although there was some weakening in the last phase. Subprogram directors initially viewed coordination/collaboration as weak, but by midway through the project period viewed it as stronger. Feared loss of autonomy was foremost among several factors that threatened collaboration among the partners. Collaboration was improved largely through a process of building trust among the partners. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Community Programs, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Strategy & Innovat, Atlanta, GA USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Community Relations & Special Projects, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. RP Erwin, K (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Community Programs, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [5P20RR11104]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU 415794] NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD NOV PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 589 EP 602 DI 10.1353/hpu.2004.0059 PG 14 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 871HC UT WOS:000225119700010 PM 15531817 ER PT J AU Horowitz, CR Tuzzio, L Rojas, M Monteith, SA Sisk, JE AF Horowitz, CR Tuzzio, L Rojas, M Monteith, SA Sisk, JE TI How do urban African Americans and Latinos view the influence of diet on hypertension? SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE diet; hypertension; focus groups; African American; black; Latino; Hispanic; culture; knowledge; beliefs ID HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; BLACK CHURCHES; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; CONSUMPTION; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY AB Uncontrolled hypertension and its complications continue to be major health problems that disproportionately affect poor minority communities. Although dietary modification is an effective treatment for hypertension, it is not clear how hypertensive minority patients view diet as part of their treatment, and what barriers affect their abilities to eat healthy diets. We conducted nine focus groups with 88 African American and Latino patients treated for hypertension to assess their knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs concerning hypertension. Participants generally agreed that certain foods and food additives play an important role in the cause and treatment of hypertension. However, they found clinician-recommended diets difficult to follow in the context of their family lives, social situations, and cultures. These diets were often considered expensive, an unwelcome departure from traditional and preferred diets, socially isolating, and not effective enough to obviate the need for medications. These findings suggest the importance of culturally sensitive approaches to dietary improvements. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Hlth Policy, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Hlth Policy, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Horowitz, CR (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Hlth Policy, New York, NY USA. FU AHRQ HHS [P01 HS 10859, P01 HS010859]; NIMHD NIH HHS [P60 MD000270] NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD NOV PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 631 EP 644 DI 10.1353/hpu.2004.0061 PG 14 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 871HC UT WOS:000225119700013 PM 15531820 ER PT J AU Thompson, DL Douglas, JM Foster, M Hagensee, ME DiGuiseppi, C Baron, AE Cameron, JE Spencer, TC Zenilman, J Malotte, CK Bolan, G Kamb, ML Peterman, TA AF Thompson, DL Douglas, JM Foster, M Hagensee, ME DiGuiseppi, C Baron, AE Cameron, JE Spencer, TC Zenilman, J Malotte, CK Bolan, G Kamb, ML Peterman, TA CA Project RESPECT Study Grp TI Seroepidemiology of infection with human papillomavirus 16, in men and women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CERVICAL-CANCER; CAPSID ANTIBODIES; SERUM ANTIBODIES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NATURAL-HISTORY; NEGATIVE WOMEN; HPV INFECTION AB Background. The study sought to characterize the seroprevalence, seropersistence, and seroincidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 antibody, as well as the behavioral risk factors for HPV-16 seropositivity. Methods. Serologic data at baseline and at 6- and 12-month follow-up visits were used to examine the seroprevalence, seropersistence, and seroincidence of HPV-16 antibody in 1595 patients attending United States clinics treating sexually transmitted disease. Testing for antibody to HPV-16 was performed by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) using viruslike particles. Results. The seroprevalence of HPV-16 antibody was 24.5% overall and was higher in women than in men (30.2% vs. 18.7%, respectively). In those who were HPV-16 seropositive at baseline, antibody response persisted to 12 months in 72.5% of women and in 45.6% of men. The seroincidence of HPV-16 antibody was 20.2/100 person-years (py) overall, 25.4/100 py in women, and 15.7/100 py in men. In multivariate analysis, the seroprevalence of HPV-16 antibody was significantly associated with female sex, age 120 years, and the number of episodes of sex with occasional partners during the preceding 3 months, whereas the seroincidence of HPV-16 antibody was significantly associated with female sex, age 120 years, baseline negative ELISA result greater than the median value, and the number of episodes of unprotected sex with occasional partners during the preceding 3 months. 7Conclusion. Sex- and age-related differences in both the seropositivity and seroincidence of HPV-16 antibody persisted after adjustment for behavioral and sociodemographic risk factors, and behavioral risk factors during the preceding 3 months were stronger predictors of the seroprevalence and seroincidence of HPV-16 antibody than was lifetime sexual behavior. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Denver Hlth Med Ctr, Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, New Orleans, LA USA. Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Thompson, DL (reprint author), Big Thompson Med Grp PC, Columbine Family Practice, 2701 Madison Sq Dr, Loveland, CO 80538 USA. EM dlt3@cornell.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU815046] NR 40 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 9 BP 1563 EP 1574 DI 10.1086/423817 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 859YA UT WOS:000224303100006 PM 15478060 ER PT J AU Artenstein, AW Opal, SM Cristofaro, P Palardy, JE Parejo, NA Green, MD Jhung, JW AF Artenstein, AW Opal, SM Cristofaro, P Palardy, JE Parejo, NA Green, MD Jhung, JW TI Chloroquine enhances survival in Bacillus anthracis intoxication SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 09-12, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID LETHAL TOXIN; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; PHARMACOKINETICS; MACROPHAGES; RECEPTOR; MICE AB The intentional release of anthrax in the United States in 2001 resulted in 11 cases of inhalational disease, with an attendant mortality rate of 45%. Current therapeutic options for anthrax are limited; antimicrobials target only replicating organisms, thus allowing bacterial toxins to cause unchecked, devastating physiological derangements in the host. Novel approaches that target the cytotoxic effects of anthrax exotoxins are needed. Chloroquine (CQ), a commonly used antimalarial agent, endows anthrax-intoxicated murine peritoneal macrophages with a 50% and 35% marginal survival advantage at 2 and 4 h, respectively, over that of untreated control cells. The cell rescue is dose dependent and, at lower concentrations, results in delayed cell death. We subsequently studied the effect of CQ in BALB/c mice challenged with anthrax lethal toxin. CQ-treated mice demonstrated reduced tissue injury, as assessed by histopathological examination of the spleen and by peripheral blood differential cell count ratios. CQ significantly enhanced survival and may augment current treatment and prophylaxis options for this otherwise lethal infection. C1 Brown Univ, Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Div Infect Dis, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Pathogens, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. Brown Univ, Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Dept Anat Pathol, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Artenstein, AW (reprint author), Brown Univ, Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Div Infect Dis, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Pathogens, 111 Brewster St, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. EM artenstein@brown.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21-AI53426-01] NR 23 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 9 BP 1655 EP 1660 DI 10.1086/424853 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 859YA UT WOS:000224303100018 PM 15478072 ER PT J AU Saltzman, LE AF Saltzman, LE TI Issues related to defining and measuring violence against women - Response to Kilpatrick SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE definitions; terminology; measurement; public health surveillance; violence against women ID SEXUAL EXPERIENCES SURVEY AB This paper asserts that although there is considerable agreement in the U.S. and internationally about the importance of uniform terminology and measurement related to violence against women, we need a strategy for choosing standardized definitions and measures. Responding to Kilpatrick's comments at the October 2003 national research conference on violence against women, the author stresses the importance of developing and using uniform terminology related to violence against women, and discusses the lack of a formal mechanism to achieve uniformity of definitions and measurement. Uncertainty about the impact of context on survey findings and the lack of agreement about the optimal scope of measurement are discussed. The author also comments on some difficulties associated with implementing Kilpatrick's proposed modifications to existing measures of rape and sexual assault. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Saltzman, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0886-2605 J9 J INTERPERS VIOLENCE JI J. Interpers. Violence PD NOV PY 2004 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1235 EP 1243 DI 10.1177/0886260504269680 PG 9 WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology GA 865PL UT WOS:000224714900003 PM 15534327 ER PT J AU Dolan, MC Maupin, GO Schneider, BS Denatale, C Hamon, N Cole, C Zeidner, NS Stafford, KC AF Dolan, MC Maupin, GO Schneider, BS Denatale, C Hamon, N Cole, C Zeidner, NS Stafford, KC TI Control of immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) on rodent reservoirs of Borrelia burgdorferi in a residential community of southeastern Connecticut SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; Borrelia burgdorferi; host-targeted; fipronil ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; MICE PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; LYME-DISEASE; DAMMINI ACARI; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; REDUCED ABUNDANCE; NESTING MATERIAL; CAUSATIVE AGENT; NEW-YORK AB A 3-yr community-based study was conducted on residential properties on Mason's Island, Mystic, CT, to determine the efficacy of a rodent-targeted acaricide (fipronil) to control immature Ixodes scapularis (Say) on Peromyscus leucopus. Results indicated that modified commercial bait boxes were effective as an acaricide delivery method for reducing nymphal and larval tick infestations on white-footed mice by 68 and 84%, respectively. Passive application of fipronil significantly reduced the infection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi among white-footed mice by 53%. Moreover, the abundance of questing L scapularis adults on treated properties was reduced by 77% and fewer were infected with spirochetes (31%) compared with untreated sites (47%) after 3 yr of treatment. Likewise, the abundance of host-seeking nymphs was significantly reduced on treated properties by >50%. Finally, infection rates in flagged nymphal ticks for both B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were reduced by 67 and 64%, respectively, after only 2 yr of treatment. Results from this 3-yr trial indicate that the use of fipronil passively applied to reservoir animals by bait boxes is an environmentally acceptable means to control ticks, interrupt the natural disease transmission cycle, and reduce the risk of Lyme disease for residents of treated properties. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Publ Hlth Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Bayer Environm Sci, Montvale, NJ 07645 USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Dolan, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Publ Hlth Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 52 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1043 EP 1054 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.6.1043 PG 12 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 873JB UT WOS:000225274700007 PM 15605643 ER PT J AU Mixson, TR Ginsberg, HS Campbell, SR Sumner, JW Paddock, CD AF Mixson, TR Ginsberg, HS Campbell, SR Sumner, JW Paddock, CD TI Detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis in adult and nymphal Amblyomma americanum (Acari : Ixodidae) ticks from Long Island, New York SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE E. chaffeensis; A. americanum; prevalence; Long Island ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; LENGTH PCR TARGET; WHITE-TAILED DEER; LYME-DISEASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; UNITED-STATES; FIRE ISLAND; HARD-TICK; POPULATION; HUMANS AB The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), has increased in abundance in several regions of the northeastern United States, including areas of Long Island, NY. Adult and nymphal stage A. americanum collected from several sites on Long Island were evaluated for infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), by using a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Fifty-nine (12.5%) of 473 adults and eight of 113 pools of five nymphs each (estimated minimum prevalence of infection 1.4%) contained DNA of E. chaffeemis. These data, coupled with the documented expansion of lone star tick populations in the northeastern United States, confirm that E. chaffeea is is endemic to many areas of Long Island and that HME should be considered among the differential diagnoses of the many distinct tick-borne diseases that occur in this region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, US Geol Survey, S Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Suffolk Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Arthropod Borne Dis Lab, Yaphank, NY 11980 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mixson, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1104 EP 1110 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.6.1104 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 873JB UT WOS:000225274700014 PM 15605650 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Ross, DF Levin, ML AF Loftis, AD Ross, DF Levin, ML TI Susceptibility of mice (Mus musculus) to repeated infestation with Amblyomma americanum (Acari : Ixodidae) ticks SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mice; Mus musculus; ticks; Amblyomma americanum; resistance ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS; BALB/C MICE; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; C3H/HEN MICE; PROLIFERATION; ANTIGENS; RICINUS; NYMPHS; IDENTIFICATION AB Laboratory mice, Mus musculus, (L.), BALB/c strain, were assessed for their ability to develop resistance to repeated infestation by Amblyomma americanum (L.) ticks. Mice were infested five consecutive times with A. americanum nymphs. No decrease in tick viability was seen after five infestations, suggesting that BALB/c mice do not develop immune-mediated resistance to A. americanum. In contrast, tick viability was significantly reduced in the second infestation of a New Zealand White rabbit, a laboratory animal known to develop resistance to A. americanum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virol & Rickettsiol Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virol & Rickettsiol Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1171 EP 1174 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.6.1171 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 873JB UT WOS:000225274700020 PM 15605656 ER PT J AU Caggana, M Constantin, C Kalman, L Wolff, DJ Nowak, JA Lubin, IM AF Caggana, M Constantin, C Kalman, L Wolff, DJ Nowak, JA Lubin, IM CA Association for Molecular Patholog TI Cystic fibrosis DNA-based testing: Variability and potential impact of information collected on the laboratory requisition form SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 10-13, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Assoc Mole Pathol C1 Wadsworth Ctr, NY Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pathol Lab Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Advocate Lutheran Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Park Ridge, IL USA. Clin Practice Comm, Assoc Mol Pathol, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 MA G5 BP 408 EP 408 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 885XG UT WOS:000226190000023 ER PT J AU Dequeker, E Lubin, IM Girodon, E Schwarz, M Stuhrmann, M McGovern, MM Amos, J Cassiman, JJ AF Dequeker, E Lubin, IM Girodon, E Schwarz, M Stuhrmann, M McGovern, MM Amos, J Cassiman, JJ TI Joint EU US proficiency testing for cystic fibrosis: Quality evaluation of data interpretation and reporting practices SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 10-13, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Assoc Mole Pathol C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Human Genet, Louvain, Belgium. CDC, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Serv Biochem & Genet Mol, Creteil, France. NW Reg Mol Genet Lab, Paediat Genet Unit, Manchester, Lancs, England. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Specialty Labs Inc, Santa Monica, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 MA G9 BP 409 EP 409 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 885XG UT WOS:000226190000027 ER PT J AU Chen, B Amos, JA Beck, JC Barton, DE Chan, MM Farkas, DH Lebo, RV O'Connell, CD Richards, CS Roa, BB Silverman, LM Lubin, IM Boone, DJ AF Chen, B Amos, JA Beck, JC Barton, DE Chan, MM Farkas, DH Lebo, RV O'Connell, CD Richards, CS Roa, BB Silverman, LM Lubin, IM Boone, DJ TI Developing a sustainable process to make quality control (QC) materials available in response to the needs of the genetic testing community SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 10-13, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Assoc Mole Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Specialty Labs, Santa Monica, CA USA. Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. Our Ladys Hosp Sick Children, CRMGEN Consortium, Dublin 12, Ireland. Our Ladys Hosp Sick Children, Natl Ctr Med Genet, Dublin 12, Ireland. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Akron, Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. RI Barton, David/B-9460-2008 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 MA G34 BP 412 EP 412 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 885XG UT WOS:000226190000047 ER PT J AU Williams, LO Beck, JC AF Williams, LO Beck, JC TI Transformed cell lines available for use as positive controls in molecular genetics testing SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 10-13, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Assoc Mole Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 MA G33 BP 412 EP 412 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 885XG UT WOS:000226190000046 ER PT J AU Tanabe, K Sakihama, N Hattori, T Ranford-Cartwright, L Goldman, I Escalante, AA Lal, AA AF Tanabe, K Sakihama, N Hattori, T Ranford-Cartwright, L Goldman, I Escalante, AA Lal, AA TI Genetic distance in housekeeping genes between Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium reichenowi and within P-falciparum SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE malaria parasite; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium reichenowi; polymorphism; genetic distance; most recent common ancestor; sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+-)ATPase; lactate dehydrogenase ID NATURAL-SELECTION; RECOMBINATION; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; ORIGIN; CA2+-ATPASES; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATIONS; GENOME; LOCUS AB The time to the most recent common ancestor of the extant populations of Plasmodium falciparum is controversial. The controversy primarily stems from the limited availability of sequences from Plasmodium reichenowi, a chimpanzee malaria parasite closely related to P. falciparum. Since the rate of nucleotide substitution differs in different loci and DNA regions, the estimation of genetic distance between P. falciparum and P. reichenowi should be performed using orthologous sequences that are evolving neutrally. Here, we obtained full-length sequences of two housekeeping genes, sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (serca) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), from 11 isolates of P. falciparum and 1 isolate of P. reichenowi and estimate the interspecific genetic distance (divergence) between the two species and intraspecific genetic distance (polymorphism) within P. falciparum. Interspecific distance and intraspecific distance at synonymous sites of interspecies-conserved regions of serca and ldh were 0.0672 +/- 0.0088 and 0.0011 +/- 0.0007, respectively, using the Nei and Gojobori method. Based on the ratio of interspecific distance to intraspecific distance, the time to the most recent common ancestor of P. falciparum was estimated to be (8.30 +/- 5.40) x 10(4) and (11.62 +/- 7.56) x 10(4) years ago, assuming the divergence time of the two parasite species to be 5 and 7 million years ago, respectively. C1 Osaka Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Biol Lab, Asahi Ku, Osaka 5358585, Japan. Osaka Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Math Lab, Osaka 535, Japan. Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Div Infect & Immun, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Osaka Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Biol Lab, Asahi Ku, Ohmiya 5-16-1, Osaka 5358585, Japan. EM kztanabe@ge.oit.ac.jp RI Ranford-Cartwright, Lisa/H-4701-2013 OI Ranford-Cartwright, Lisa/0000-0003-1992-3940 NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 59 IS 5 BP 687 EP 694 DI 10.1007/s00239-004-2662-3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 867JN UT WOS:000224839000011 PM 15693624 ER PT J AU Steinau, M Unger, ER Vernon, SD Jones, JF Rajeevan, MS AF Steinau, M Unger, ER Vernon, SD Jones, JF Rajeevan, MS TI Differential-display PCR of peripheral blood for biomarker discovery in chronic fatigue syndrome SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM LA English DT Article DE chronic fatigue syndrome; gene expression profiling; differential display PCR; biomarkers; real-time reverse-transcription PCR ID TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR; GENE-EXPRESSION; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; IDENTIFICATION; INFLAMMATION; DEFINITION; HEPARANASE; CELLS; DNA AB We used differential-display PCR of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to search for candidate biomarkers for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). PBMCs were collected from a subject with CFS and an age- and sex-matched control before and 24 h after exercise. RNA expression profiles were generated using 46 primer combinations, and the similarity between the individuals was striking. Differentially expressed bands were excised, reamplified, and sequenced, yielding 95 nonredundant sequences, of which 50 matched to known gene transcripts, 38 matched to genes with unknown functions, and 7 had no similarity to any database entry. Most (86%) of the differences between the two subjects were present at baseline. Differential expression of ten genes was verified by real-time reverse-transcription PCR: five (cystatin F, MHC class II, platelet factor 4, fetal brain expressed sequence tag, and perforin) were downregulated, and the remaining five genes (cathepsin B, DNA polymerase epsilon4, novel EST PBMC191MSt, heparanase precursor, and ORF2/L1 element) were upregulated in the subject with CFS. Many of these genes have known functions in defense and immunity, thus supporting prior suggestions of immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of CFS. Differential-display PCR is a powerful tool for identification of candidate biomarkers. Investigation of these markers in samples from well-designed epidemiological studies of CFS will be required to determine the validity of these candidate biomarkers. The real-time reverse-transcription PCR assays that we developed for assay of these biomarkers will facilitate high-throughput testing of these additional samples. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rajeevan, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSG-41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mor4@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2716 J9 J MOL MED-JMM JI J. Mol. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 82 IS 11 BP 750 EP 755 DI 10.1007/s00109-004-0586-4 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 875EQ UT WOS:000225403500004 PM 15490094 ER PT J AU Erhardt, JG Estes, JE Pfeiffer, CM Biesalski, HK Craft, NE AF Erhardt, JG Estes, JE Pfeiffer, CM Biesalski, HK Craft, NE TI Combined measurement of ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, retinol binding protein, and C-reactive protein by an inexpensive, sensitive, and simple sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ELISA; iron deficiency; vitamin A deficiency; low-cost method; infectious status ID VITAMIN-A; MICRONUTRIENT STATUS AB The measurement of vitamin A (VA) and iron status is very important in the assessment of nutritional deficiencies. The objective of this research was to develop a sandwich ELISA technique for the simultaneous measurement of ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, retinol binding protein, and C-reactive protein (CRP) as indicators for VA and iron status. The inclusion of CRP as marker of infection allows for more accurate interpretation of VA and iron status. This is accomplished in a 30-muL serum or plasma sample using an ELISA with different capture and detection antibodies and different dilutions of the sample. Commercially available clinical serum controls were used for calibration purposes. The developed assays were compared to commercially available traditional tests. Regression coefficients comparing both assays were better than 0.84 (P < 0.001). Using a limited sample set, the sandwich ELISA assay produced very similar specificity and sensitivity compared to traditional methods when common cutoff values were applied. Intra- and interassay variability was between 5 and 14% for all tests. The cost of the materials for all 5 measurements decreases to less than $1/sample if a large number of samples is analyzed. Due to the low cost, high throughput, and comparability to traditional tests, this procedure has several advantages for assessing VA and iron status in population surveys. C1 Univ Indonesia, Reg Ctr Community Nutr, SEAMEO, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. Craft Technol Inc, Wilson, NC 27893 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Hohenheim, Inst Biol Chem & Nutr, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Erhardt, JG (reprint author), Univ Indonesia, Reg Ctr Community Nutr, SEAMEO, Salemba Raya 6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. EM erhardtj@uni-hohenheim.de NR 10 TC 138 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 134 IS 11 BP 3127 EP 3132 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870HB UT WOS:000225047100040 PM 15514286 ER PT J AU Schmitz, KH Harnack, L Fulton, JE Jacobs, DR Gao, SJ Lytle, LA Van Coevering, P AF Schmitz, KH Harnack, L Fulton, JE Jacobs, DR Gao, SJ Lytle, LA Van Coevering, P TI Reliability and validity of a brief questionnaire to assess television viewing and computer use by middle school children SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OBESITY; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; NUTRITION; HEALTH; ENERGY; YOUTH AB Sedentary behaviors, like television viewing, are positively associated with overweight among young people. To monitor national health objectives for sedentary behaviors in young adolescents, this project developed and assessed the reliability and validity of a brief questionnaire to measure weekly television viewing, usual television viewing, and computer use by middle school children. Reliability and validity of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) question on weekday television viewing also were examined. A brief five-item television and computer use questionnaire was completed twice by 245 middle school children with one week apart. To concurrently assess validity, students also completed television and computer use logs for seven days. Among all students, Spearman correlations for test-retest reliability for television viewing and computer use ranged from 0.55 to 0.68. Spearman correlations between the first questionnaire and the seven-day log produced the following results: YRBS question for weekday television viewing (0.46), weekend television viewing (0.37), average television viewing over the week (0.47), and computer use (0.39). Methods comparison analysis showed a mean difference (hours/week) between answers to questionnaire items and the log of -0.04 (1.70 standard deviation [SD]) hours for weekday television, -0.21 (2.54 SD)for weekend television, -0.09 (1.75 SD)for average television over the week, and 0.68 (1.26 SD)for computer use. The YRBS weekday television viewing question, and the newly developed questions to assess weekend television viewing, average television viewing, and computer use, produced adequate reliability and validity for surveillance of middle school students. C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schmitz, KH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM schmitz@epi.umn.edu; harnack@epi.umn.edu; kf2@cdc.gov; jacobs@epi.umn.edu; gao@epi.umn.edu; lytle@epi.umn.edu; vancoevering@epi.umn.edu RI Schmitz, Kathryn/B-7154-2011; Schmoelz, Camilie/D-1707-2012; Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012 OI Schmoelz, Camilie/0000-0003-2221-9954; Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U36/CCU300430-20] NR 17 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD NOV PY 2004 VL 74 IS 9 BP 370 EP 377 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 880QO UT WOS:000225804500005 PM 15656264 ER PT J AU Wheeler, LS Boss, LP Williams, PV AF Wheeler, LS Boss, LP Williams, PV TI School-based approaches to identifying students with asthma SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; POPULATION; VALIDATION; PROGRAM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Mt Vernon, WA 98274, Australia. RP Wheeler, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 163 Cranes Crook Lane, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM laniwheeler@verizon.net; lpbl@cdc.gov; pwilliams@nwasthma.com OI Williams, Paul/0000-0003-3300-1328 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD NOV PY 2004 VL 74 IS 9 BP 378 EP 380 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 880QO UT WOS:000225804500006 PM 15656265 ER PT J AU Tencer, AF Koepsell, TD Wolf, ME Frankenfeld, CL Buchner, DM Kukull, WA LaCroix, AZ Larson, EB Tautvydas, M AF Tencer, AF Koepsell, TD Wolf, ME Frankenfeld, CL Buchner, DM Kukull, WA LaCroix, AZ Larson, EB Tautvydas, M TI Biomechanical properties of shoes and risk of falls in older adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biomechanics; falls; elderly; shoes ID HIGH-HEELED SHOES; ELDERLY PERSONS; FOOTWEAR; BALANCE; MEN; KINEMATICS; COMMUNITY; HARDNESS; POSITION; POSTURE AB Objectives: To determine the relationships between the biomechanical properties of shoes worn in a cohort of healthy older adults and the risk of falling. Design: Nested case-control study, comparing biomechanical measurements of shoes worn by those who reported a fall with measurements of shoes worn by age- and sex-matched nonfallers engaged in broadly similar activities. Setting: On-site measurements where falls occurred. Participants: A cohort of 1,371 older adults, of whom 327 reported a fall and 327 served as age- and sex-matched controls. Measurements: Shoe measurements related to lateral stability (heel height and width, critical tipping angle), foot position sense (heel-collar height, sole thickness, and sole flexibility), and the shoe/surface interface (foresole material, shoe-to-ground coefficient of friction, sole contact area). Results: Greater heel height was associated with increased risk of a fall (P for trend=.03), whereas greater sole contact area was associated with reduced risk (P for trend=.005). Shoe characteristics related to foot position sense bore little apparent relation to fall risk. Coefficients of friction of 0.5 or greater were observed in 93% of shoes measured, indicating that very few were excessively slippery. Conclusion: Certain measurable properties of shoes were found to be significantly related to risk of falls in older adults. Wearing shoes with low heels and large contact area may help older adults reduce the risk of a fall in everyday settings and activities. C1 Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Orthoped Sci Lab, Dept Orthoped & Sports Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Tencer, AF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Orthoped Sci Lab, Dept Orthoped & Sports Med, MS 359798,325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM atencer@u.washington.edu OI Kukull, Walter/0000-0001-8761-9014; Frankenfeld, Cara/0000-0002-2318-0791 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 13793]; ODCDC CDC HHS [CCR 002570] NR 23 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1840 EP 1846 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52507.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 863WM UT WOS:000224594100007 PM 15507060 ER PT J AU Chang, BL Bakken, S Brown, SS Houston, TK Kreps, GL Kukafka, R Safran, C Stavri, PZ AF Chang, BL Bakken, S Brown, SS Houston, TK Kreps, GL Kukafka, R Safran, C Stavri, PZ TI Bridging the digital divide: Reaching vulnerable populations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE; INFORMATION; LITERACY; SUPPORT AB The AMIA 2003 Spring Congress entitled "Bridging the Digital Divide: Informatics and Vulnerable Populations" convened 178 experts including medical informaticians, health care professionals, government leaders, policy makers, researchers, health care industry leaders, consumer advocates, and others specializing in health care provision to underserved populations. The primary objective of this working congress was to develop a framework for a national agenda in information and communication technology to enhance the health and health care of underserved populations. Discussions during four tracks addressed issues and trends in information and communication technologies for underserved populations, strategies learned from successful programs, evaluation methodologies for measuring the impact of informatics, and dissemination of information for replication of successful programs. Each track addressed current status, ideal state, barriers, strategies, and recommendations. Recommendations of the breakout sessions were summarized under the overarching themes of Policy Funding, Research, and Education and Training. The general recommendations emphasized four key themes: revision in payment and reimbursement policies, integration of health care standards, partnerships as the key to success, and broad dissemination of findings including specific feedback to target populations and other key stakeholders. C1 Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Clin Support Technol, Newton, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Bakken, S (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, Mailbox 6, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM suzanne.bakken@dbmi.columbia.edu RI Houston, Thomas/F-2469-2013 NR 22 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 47 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 11 IS 6 BP 448 EP 457 DI 10.1197/jamia.M1535 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 873UB UT WOS:000225305500002 PM 15299002 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, RF TI Infection with Helicobacter pylori, coronary heart disease, cardiovascular risk factors, and systemic inflammation: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Helicobacter pylori; coronary disease; health surveys; glucose tolerance; insulin; serum; diabetes mellitus; obesity ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; ADULTS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SEROPOSITIVITY; ASSOCIATION; PNEUMONIAE; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY AB Background: Few data have been published on the association of variables of the metabolic syndrome and infection with Helicobacter pylori, a putative risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity, in large, representative samples of total populations. The null hypothesis was no association of prevalent infection with H. pylori with prevalent coronary heart disease (CHID), systemic inflammation, and variables associated with the metabolic syndrome in American men. Design: Cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: Among men aged 40-74 years, the survey measured history of CHD, glycated hemoglobin percent, and concentrations of fasting serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: Prevalence of infection with H. pylori increased with age. H. pylori infection was not correlated with serum CRP, prevalence of diagnosed diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin percent, or other risk factors other than age. In diabetic men but not in all men, seropositivity was significantly associated with CHD prevalence. Conclusions: No consistent associations of H. pylori infection with diabetes prevalence or variables of the insulin resistance syndrome were found in American men aged 40-74 years. In diabetic men, H. pylori infection was associated with CHD prevalence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6424, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1470 EP 1476 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 868SB UT WOS:000224932200010 PM 15586651 ER PT J AU Martro, E Cannon, MJ Dollard, SC Spira, TJ Laney, AS Ou, CY Pellett, PE AF Martro, E Cannon, MJ Dollard, SC Spira, TJ Laney, AS Ou, CY Pellett, PE TI Evidence for both lytic replication and tightly regulated human herpesvirus 8 latency in circulating mononuclear cells, with virus loads frequently below common thresholds of detection SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REAL-TIME PCR; PREDICT CLINICAL-RESPONSE; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; B-CELLS; VIRAL LOAD; RISK-FACTORS; DNA LOAD AB To address whether human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) might be the product of latent or lytic infection and to shed light on sporadic detection of HHV-8 DNA in individuals seropositive for the virus, we studied the frequency of infected cells, total virus load, and virus load per infected cell in PBMCs from men coinfected with HHV-8 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), some of whom had Kaposi's sarcoma. The low frequencies of infected cells detected (fewer than one per million cells in some individuals) suggest that the prevalence of the virus in circulating leukocytes was underestimated in previous studies that employed more conventional sampling methods (single, small-volume specimens). Mean virus loads ranged from 3 to 330 copies per infected PBMC; these numbers can represent much higher loads in individual lytically infected cells ( > 10(3) genomes/cell) in mixtures that consist predominantly of latently (relatively few genomes) infected cells. The presence in some subjects of high HHV-8 mean genome copy numbers per infected cell, together with viral DNA being found in plasma only from subjects with positive PBMCs, supports earlier suggestions that the virus can actively replicate in PBMCs. In some individuals, mean virus loads were less than 10 genomes per infected cell, suggesting a tightly controlled purely latent state. HHV-8 genome copy numbers are substantially higher in latently infected cells derived from primary effusion lymphomas; thus, it appears that HHV-8 is able to adopt more than one latency program, perhaps analogous to the several types of Epstein-Barr virus latency. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Hillman Canc Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Germans Trias & Pujol, Microbiol Serv, Badalona, Spain. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Mol Biol, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Pellett, PE (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Hillman Canc Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM pelletp@ccf.org RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011; Martro, Elisa/K-9688-2015 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010; Martro, Elisa/0000-0002-2867-6649 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 78 IS 21 BP 11707 EP 11714 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.21.11707-11714.2004 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 863DM UT WOS:000224540900025 PM 15479812 ER PT J AU Kamal, SM Amin, A Madwar, M Graham, CS He, Q Al Tawi, A Rasenack, J Nakano, T Robertson, B Ismail, A Koziel, MJ AF Kamal, SM Amin, A Madwar, M Graham, CS He, Q Al Tawi, A Rasenack, J Nakano, T Robertson, B Ismail, A Koziel, MJ TI Cellular immune responses in seronegative sexual contacts of acute hepatitis C patients SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CD4(+) T-CELL; VIRUS-INFECTION; LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; HCV; PERSISTENCE; PATTERNS; EXPOSURE; EPITOPES; KINETICS; WOMEN AB Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) is typically defined as new viremia and antibody seroconversion. Rates and immunologic correlates of hepatitis C clearance have therefore been based on clearance of viremia only in individuals who initially had an antibody response. We sought to characterize the immunological correlates of clearance in patients with acute hepatitis C and their sexual contacts. We prospectively determined CD4(+) and CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in index patients with acute HCV and their sexual contacts who developed acute infection, either with or without spontaneous clearance, as well as those contacts who never developed viremia. Responses were measured using proliferation and ELISpot assays for CD4(+) and CD8(+) responses. We demonstrate in this prospective study that cellular immune responses can develop in exposed but persistently aviremic and antibody-negative individuals as well as those individuals with spontaneous clearance of acute HCV. These findings lend further credence to the importance of cellular immune responses in recovery from HCV and suggest that low exposure to HCV may lead to development of HCV-specific immune responses without ongoing HCV replication. This finding has important implications for HCV vaccine and therapeutic development. C1 Harvard Univ, Inst Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Inst Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ain Shams Fac Med, Dept Gastrenterol & Liver Dis, Cairo, Egypt. Ain Shams Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Cairo, Egypt. Univ Freiburg, Dept Internal Med 2, Freiburg, Germany. Ichinomiya Nishi Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Aichi, Japan. RP Kamal, SM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Inst Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM Sanaa.Kamal@link.net OI Kamal, Sanaa/0000-0002-2052-7956 NR 32 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 78 IS 22 BP 12252 EP 12258 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.22.12252-12258.2004 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 866NY UT WOS:000224781400017 PM 15507612 ER PT J AU Correa, AA Beckles, G Benjamin, C Bowman, B Colvin, L Gallagher, K Green, Y Green-Phillips, A Hardy, R Harper, S Hatcher, B Hutsell, C Jimenez, J Lathan, M Liburd, L Loner, N McCollum, T Mukhtar, Q Namageyo-Funa, A Nolan, K Owens, MD Reynolds, B Rufo, K Silver, N Sones, MK Tertzakian, K Thompson-Reid, P Toal, S AF Correa, AA Beckles, G Benjamin, C Bowman, B Colvin, L Gallagher, K Green, Y Green-Phillips, A Hardy, R Harper, S Hatcher, B Hutsell, C Jimenez, J Lathan, M Liburd, L Loner, N McCollum, T Mukhtar, Q Namageyo-Funa, A Nolan, K Owens, MD Reynolds, B Rufo, K Silver, N Sones, MK Tertzakian, K Thompson-Reid, P Toal, S CA Steering Comm Natl Public Hlth Ini TI The national public health initiative on diabetes and women's health: Leading the way for women with and at risk for diabetes SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material AB Diabetes is a serious public health problem in the United States. The burden of the disease has had a significant impact on individuals, communities, and society at large, and the number of people with diabetes is expected to double by the year 2025. In response to the growing burden of the disease and the profound health consequences for women and their offspring, the National Public Health Initiative on Diabetes and Women's Health convened a call-to-action conference to form a collective effort to address diabetes and women's health issues. This paper documents the process of developing a call-to-action conference and identifying potential stakeholders and presents results from the conference and the accomplishments of the National Public Health Initiative on Diabetes and Women's Health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Owens, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MSK-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MOwens1@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV PY 2004 VL 13 IS 9 BP 962 EP 967 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 877SZ UT WOS:000225591900001 ER PT J AU Mack, KA Anderson, L Galuska, D Zablotsky, D Holtzman, D Ahluwalia, I AF Mack, KA Anderson, L Galuska, D Zablotsky, D Holtzman, D Ahluwalia, I TI Health and sociodemographic factors associated with body weight and weight objectives for women: 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; UNITED-STATES; MASS INDEX; LOSE WEIGHT; US ADULTS; EATING-DISORDERS; MIDDLE-AGE; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; DISEASE AB Background: The increasing body mass index (BMI) of women in the United States gives rise to concerns about associated comorbid conditions and decreases in life expectancy. Also of concern are underweight women, especially as the result of an eating disorder or undernutrition. Methods: Data from a national sample of women aged greater than or equal to18 years (n = 98,387) are used to examine the relationship between health and sociodemographic factors (diabetes, physical activity, self-rated health, smoking status, weight loss attempts, age, and education) and body weight (BMI, desired weight). Models are stratified by race. Results: Roughly 70% of the women in each race/ethnic group (72.0% white women, 68.3% black women, 69.4% Hispanic women) wanted to weigh less, and just under one half of the women were actively trying to lose weight. A notable percentage of women who were classified as obese indicated that they were at their ideal weight and desired no weight change. Most women had not received advice from a health professional in the past year regarding their weight, and most were not engaging in the optimally recommended level of physical activity. Conclusions: Results document the range of satisfaction with current weight among adult women and capture low levels of health practitioner involvement in issues of weight. Perception of weight, combined with BMI, will need to be assessed to determine how best to proceed toward an ideal weight and satisfaction with that weight. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. CDCP, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mack, KA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury, 4770 Buford Highway NE K63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmack@cdc.gov RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 55 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV PY 2004 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1019 EP 1032 DI 10.1089/jwh.2004.13.1019 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 877SZ UT WOS:000225591900008 PM 15665659 ER PT J AU Han, B Remsburg, RE Lubitz, J Goulding, M AF Han, B Remsburg, RE Lubitz, J Goulding, M TI Payment source and length of use among home health agency discharges SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE home health care; the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 0(BBA); length of use; Medicare interim payment system (IPS); Medicaid; private health insurance ID BALANCED BUDGET ACT; INSURANCE; CARE; EXPENDITURES; COMORBIDITY; MEDICAID; SERVICES; OUTCOMES; TRENDS; STAY AB Purpose: Our study compared (1) length of use among home health care (HHC) discharges with Medicare, Medicaid, or private health insurance between 1991 and 2000 and (2) factors associated with length of HHC use among discharges with Medicare, Medicaid, or private health insurance. Methods: Data were obtained from the 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000 National Home and Hospice Care Surveys (n = 18,416). Logistic regressions and stratified analyses by primary payment source were applied. Results: After adjusting for covariates, Medicare HHC patients were from 0.52 to 0.75 times less likely to be discharged within 30 days in 1991-1996 than in 1997-1998. Medicaid patients were 0.37 times less likely to be discharued within 30 days in 1991-1992 than in 1997-1998. Patients with private insurance were 2.05 times more likely to be discharged within 30 days in 1993-1994 than in 1997-1998. No significant difference in length of use was found at the multivariate level between 1997-1998 and 1999-2000 among HHC patients with Medicare, Medicaid, or private health insurance. Results for being discharged within 60 days were similar to these described above. Conclusions: Our study shows that length of HHC use among Medicare discharges decreased after the implementation of the Medicare interim payment system. We did not find a spillover effect of the Medicare interim payment system on length of HHC use among discharges with Medicaid or private health insurance. Our results can help health professionals and policy makers better understand the dynamic associations between payment systems and length of use of HHC services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Han, B (reprint author), 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3409, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM hih9@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1081 EP 1090 DI 10.1097/00005650-200411000-00007 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 864RU UT WOS:000224651400007 PM 15586835 ER PT J AU Krull, MAR Jones, BH Dellinger, AM Yore, MM Amoroso, PJ AF Krull, MAR Jones, BH Dellinger, AM Yore, MM Amoroso, PJ TI Motor vehicle fatalities among men in the US army from 1980 to 1997 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MILITARY; INJURIES; HEALTH AB This retrospective cohort study compared trends in motor vehicle occupant fatalities among men in the Army with men in the civilian U.S. population. Motor vehicle fatality rates from 1980 to 1997 indicated both groups showed declines in fatality rates. The overall age-adjusted motor vehicle fatality rate for 17- to 44-year-old males in the Army fell from 40.8 to 20.6 per 100,000, a 49.5% decline. In the U.S. population, the rate dropped from 38.1 to 23.3 per 100,000 for a 38.8% decline. Deaths from motor vehicle crashes fell by almost 50% in the Army during the study period; however, motor vehicle crashes remain the leading cause of death for the Army. U.S. military policies and law enforcement have the potential to make even further gains in reducing motor vehicle crashes and injuries among military personnel. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Krull, MAR (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 169 IS 11 BP 926 EP 931 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JD UT WOS:000235830500018 ER PT J AU Corredor, V Meyer, EVS Lapp, S Corredor-Medina, C Huber, CS Evans, AG Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR AF Corredor, V Meyer, EVS Lapp, S Corredor-Medina, C Huber, CS Evans, AG Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR TI A SICAvar switching event in Plasmodium knowlesi is associated with the DNA rearrangement of conserved 3 ' non-coding sequences SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium; malaria; antigenic variation; var genes; SICAvar genes; erythrocytes ID FALCIPARUM-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; PARASITIZED RED-CELLS; CHALCONE-SYNTHASE-A; EXPRESSED VAR GENES; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; VARIANT ANTIGEN; SUBTELOMERIC REGIONS; RECOMBINATION EVENTS; MALARIA PARASITES; RNA DEGRADATION AB Plasmodium knowlesi variant antigens are expressed at the surface of infected erythrocytes and are encoded by the Schizont Infected Cell Agglutination variant antigen (SICAvar) multigene family. The 3' region of the SICAvar gene locus encoding the 205 kDa variant antigen expressed in the Pk1(B+)1+ parasites was found to be altered compared to the Pk1(A+) parental clone. Here we report that this alteration is the result of a DNA rearrangement and that the original and altered 205 SICAvar alleles appear to encode bona fide variant antigens. Importantly, 205A and 205B SICAvar RNA sequences are detectable in similar apparent quantities as determined by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) amplification experiments. However, expression of the 205 kDa SICA protein at the surface of the infected erythrocyte is not characteristic of the Pk1 (A+) parasites and the 205 SICAvar transcript has not been detected in Pk1(A+) parasites by northern blot analysis. Furthermore, we report that many distinct SICAvar transcripts were detected in P. knowlesi Pk1(B+)1+ cDNA library hybridization screens. Of special interest, in light of these data, distinctive differences at the 3' end of the 205A and 205B alleles are observed, which may be of functional importance. An analysis of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of SICAvar genes in more than 100 sequences revealed a surprising common sequence pattern characterized by blocks of imperfect, GT-rich, heptad repeated motifs (Block I), followed by A and T rich homopolymers (Block II) and in a large number of genes, GC-rich segments (Block III). We show that this region undergoes extensive recombination and that the preferential stability of the 205 SICAvar transcript in Pk1 (B+)1+ parasites may be associated with the presence of its specific Block III sequences. We speculate that the conserved yet polymorphic SICAvar 3'UTR sequences, and comparable regions in P. falciparum var genes, function in the stage-specific and developmentally regulated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of variant antigen transcripts. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Med, Dept Ciencias Fisiol, Bogota, Colombia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Galinski, MR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM galinski@rmy.emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI35804-07, AI50409-04A1, AI24710-17] NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 138 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.05.017 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 871JR UT WOS:000225128100005 PM 15500914 ER PT J AU Faith, MS Scanlon, KS Birch, LL Francis, LA Sherry, B AF Faith, MS Scanlon, KS Birch, LL Francis, LA Sherry, B TI Parent-child feeding strategies and their relationships to child eating and weight status SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE children; feeding style; parenting; parent-child interaction; weight ID POPULATION-BASED SAMPLE; BODY-MASS INDEX; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; RESTRICTING ACCESS; OBESITY PRONENESS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MATERNAL CONTROL; RELATIVE WEIGHT; FOOD-INTAKE; OVERWEIGHT AB Parental feeding styles may promote overeating or overweight in children. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to summarize the associations between parental feeding styles and child eating and weight status. Twenty-two studies were identified. We systematically coded study attributes and outcomes and tested for patterns of association. Nineteen studies (86%) reported at least one significant association between parental feeding style and child outcome, although study methodology and results varied considerably. Studies measuring parental feeding restriction, as opposed to general feeding control or another feeding domain, were more likely to report positive associations with child eating and weight status. Certain associations differed by gender and by outcome measurement (e.g., rate of eating as opposed to total energy intake). Parental feeding restriction, but no other feeding domain, was associated with increased child eating and weight status. Longitudinal studies are needed to test underlying causal pathways, including bidirectional causal models, and to substantiate findings in the presence of other obesity risk factors. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Weight & Eating Disorders Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, State Coll, PA USA. RP Faith, MS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Weight & Eating Disorders Program, 3535 Market St,3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mfaith@mail.med.upenn.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD042169]; NIMH NIH HHS [K08MH01530] NR 61 TC 362 Z9 366 U1 11 U2 64 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1711 EP 1722 DI 10.1038/oby.2004.212 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 882HG UT WOS:000225929400001 PM 15601964 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Eaton, DK Lowry, R McManus, T AF Brener, ND Eaton, DK Lowry, R McManus, T TI The association between weight perception and BMI among high school students SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adolescents; body weight; self assessment ID CROSS-SECTIONAL SAMPLE; BODY-SIZE PERCEPTIONS; SELF-REPORTED WEIGHT; ADOLESCENT FEMALES; YOUNG ADOLESCENTS; HEIGHT; BEHAVIORS; RELIABILITY; ATTITUDES; IMAGE AB Objective: To assess the association between weight perception and BMI among a large, diverse sample of adolescents. This study used both measured and self-reported height and weight to calculate BMI. Research Methods and Procedures: A convenience sample of students (n = 2032) in grades 9 through 12 completed a questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, self-reported height and weight, and body weight perception. These students were then weighed and had their height measured using a standard protocol. Results: Using BMI calculated from measured height and weight, 1.5% of students were classified as underweight or at risk for underweight, 51.2% of students were normal weight, and 47.4% were overweight or at risk for overweight. Among this same sample of students, however, 34.8% perceived themselves as underweight, 42.9% perceived themselves as about the right weight, and 22.3% perceived themselves as overweight. Even when using BMI calculated from self-reported height and weight, >20% of students who were overweight or at risk for overweight perceived themselves as underweight. Discussion: Because perception of overweight is a key determinant of adolescent nutritional habits and weight management, many students who are overweight or at risk for overweight but who do not perceive themselves as such are unlikely to engage in weight control practices. Increasing awareness of medical definitions of overweight might improve accuracy of weight perceptions and lead to healthier eating and increased physical activity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nad1@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 4 U2 15 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1866 EP 1874 DI 10.1038/oby.2004.232 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 882HG UT WOS:000225929400021 PM 15601984 ER PT J AU Gibbs, RS Schrag, S Schuchat, A AF Gibbs, RS Schrag, S Schuchat, A TI Perinatal infections due to group B streptococci SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE PATTERNS; BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS; BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS; TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE; SINGLE-DOSE PENICILLIN; ONSET NEONATAL SEPSIS; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; RANDOMIZED TRIAL AB Group B streptococci (GBS) emerged dramatically in the 1970s as the leading cause of neonatal infection and as an important cause of maternal uterine infection. We review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapy of GBS perinatal infection. In 1996, the first national consensus guidelines were released. Since then, there has been a 70% reduction in early-onset neonatal GBS infection, but no decrease in late-onset neonatal GBS disease. In 2002, new national guidelines were released recommending 1) solely a screen-based prevention strategy, 2) a new algorithm for patients with penicillin allergy, and 3) more specific practices in certain clinical scenarios. Yet many clinical issues remain, including implementation of new diagnostic techniques, management of preterm rupture of membranes, use of alternative antibiotic approaches, improvement of compliance, prevention of low birth weight infants, emergence of resistant organisms, and vaccine development. (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gibbs, RS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 4200 E 9th Ave,B198, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM ronald.gibbs@uchsc.edu NR 88 TC 82 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1062 EP 1076 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000144128.03913.c2 PN 1 PG 15 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 875JH UT WOS:000225415900030 PM 15516403 ER PT J AU Gissler, M Berg, C Bouvier-Colle, MH Buekens, P AF Gissler, M Berg, C Bouvier-Colle, MH Buekens, P TI Methods for identifying pregnancy-associated deaths: population-based data from Finland 1987-2000 SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL MORTALITY; DATA QUALITY; INDUCED-ABORTION; REGISTER; LINKAGE; BIRTH AB To find maternal and pregnancy-related deaths, it is important that all pregnancy-associated deaths are identified. This article examines the effect of data linkages between national health care registers and complete death certificate data on pregnancy-associated deaths. All deaths among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Finland during the period 1987-2000 (n = 15 823) were identified from the Cause-of-Death Register and linked to the Medical Birth Register (n = 865 988 births), the Register on Induced Abortions (n = 156 789 induced abortions), and the Hospital Discharge Register (n = 118 490 spontaneous abortions) to determine whether women had been pregnant within 1 year before death. The death certificates of the 419 women thus identified were reviewed to find whether the pregnancy or its termination was coded or mentioned. In total, 405 deaths (96.7%) were identified in registers other than the Cause-of-Death Register. Without data linkages, 73% of all pregnancy-associated deaths would have been missed; the percentage after induced and spontaneous abortions was even higher. Data linkages to national health care registers provide better information on maternal deaths and pregnancy-associated deaths than death certificates alone. If possible, pregnancies not ending in a live birth should be included in the data linkages. C1 Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth, STAKES Informat Div, Helsinki, Finland. CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. INSERM, U149, Epidemiol Res Unit Perinatal & Womens Hlth, F-75654 Paris 13, France. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Gissler, M (reprint author), Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth, STAKES Informat Div, POB 220, Helsinki, Finland. EM mika.gissler@stakes.fi NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 18 IS 6 BP 448 EP 455 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00591.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 869WR UT WOS:000225015700008 PM 15535821 ER PT J AU Bisgard, KM Pascual, FB Ehresmann, KR Miller, CA Cianfrini, C Jennings, CE Rebmann, CA Gabel, J Schauer, SL Lett, SM AF Bisgard, KM Pascual, FB Ehresmann, KR Miller, CA Cianfrini, C Jennings, CE Rebmann, CA Gabel, J Schauer, SL Lett, SM TI Infant pertussis - Who was the source? SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pertussis; infant; source of infection; epidemiology; United States ID UNITED-STATES; YOUNG INFANTS; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK-FACTORS; ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS; OUTBREAK; PROGRAM AB Background: In the United States in the 1990s, the incidence of reported pertussis in adults, adolescents and infants increased; infants younger than 1 year of age had the highest reported incidence. Methods: In 4 states with Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance, we examined the epidemiology of reported pertussis cases to determine the source of pertussis among infants. A source was defined as a person with an acute cough illness who had contact with the case-infant 7-20 days before the infant's onset of cough. Results: The average annual pertussis incidence per 100,000 infants younger than 1 year of age varied by state: 22.9 in Georgia; 42.1 in Illinois: 93.0 in Minnesota; and 35.8 in Massachusetts. Family members of 616 (80%) of 774 reported case-infants were interviewed: a source was identified for 264 (43%) of the 616 case-infants. Among the 264 case-infants, mothers were the source for 84 (32%) and another family member was the source for 113 (43%). Of the 219 source-persons with known age, 38 (17%) were age 0-4 years. 16 (7%) were age 5-9 years, 43 (20%) were age 10-19 years, 45 (21%) were age 20-29 years and 77 (35%) were age greater than or equal to30 years. Conclusions: The variation in reported pertussis incidence in the 4 states might have resulted from differences in awareness of pertussis among health care providers. diagnostic capacity and case classification. Among case-infants with ail identifiable source, family members (at any age) were the main source of pertussis. Understanding the source of pertussis transmission to infants may provide new approaches to prevent pertussis in the most vulnerable infants. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. RP Bisgard, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 27 TC 247 Z9 264 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 985 EP 989 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000145263.37198.2b PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 872HD UT WOS:000225197400001 PM 15545851 ER PT J AU Freeman, AF Jacobsohn, DA Shulman, ST Bellini, WJ Jaggi, P de Leon, G Keating, GF Kim, F Pachman, LM Kletzel, M Duerst, RE AF Freeman, AF Jacobsohn, DA Shulman, ST Bellini, WJ Jaggi, P de Leon, G Keating, GF Kim, F Pachman, LM Kletzel, M Duerst, RE TI A new complication of stem cell transplantation: Measles inclusion body encephalitis SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE measles; encephalitis; immunocompromised host ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; RIBAVIRIN; VIRUS; DISEASE; HOST AB Measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE) is a disease of the immunocompromised host and typically occurs within 1 year of acute measles infection or vaccination. We report a 13-year-old boy who had chronic granulomatous disease and presented 38 days after stem cell transplantation with afebrile focal seizures that progressed despite multiple anticonvulsants. After an extensive diagnostic evaluation, brain biopsy was performed, revealing numerous intranuclear inclusion bodies consistent with paramyxovirus nucleocapsids. Measles studies including reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and viral growth confirmed measles virus, genotype D3. Immunohistochemistry was positive for measles nucleoprotein. Despite intravenous ribavirin therapy, the patient died. MIBE has not been described in stem cell recipients but is a disease of immunocompromised hosts and typically occurs within 1 year of measles infection, exposure, or vaccination. Our case is unusual as neither the patient nor the stem cell donor had apparent recent measles exposure or vaccination, and neither had recent travel to measles-endemic regions. The patient had an erythematous rash several weeks before the neurologic symptoms; however, skin biopsy was consistent with graft-versus-host disease, and immunohistochemistry studies for measles nucleoprotein were negative. As measles genotype D3 has not been seen in areas where the child lived since his early childhood, the possibility of an unusually long latency period between initial measles infection and MIBE is raised. In addition, this case demonstrates the utility of brain biopsy in the diagnosis of encephalitis of unknown cause in the immunocompromised host. C1 Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Hematol Oncol Transplant, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Neurol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Diagnost Imaging, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Immunol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Freeman, AF (reprint author), Childrens Mem Hosp, 2300 Childrens Plaza, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM freeman_alexandra@hotmail.com RI Jaggi, Preeti/E-3303-2011 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2004 VL 114 IS 5 BP E657 EP E660 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0949 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 867KY UT WOS:000224842700065 PM 15520095 ER PT J AU Maricich, SM Neul, JL Lotze, TE Cazacu, AC Uyeki, TM Demmler, GJ Clark, GD AF Maricich, SM Neul, JL Lotze, TE Cazacu, AC Uyeki, TM Demmler, GJ Clark, GD TI Neurologic complications associated with influenza A in children during the 2003-2004 influenza season in Houston, Texas SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE encephalopathy; altered mental status; seizure; viral infection; infectious complication ID ACUTE NECROTIZING ENCEPHALOPATHY; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; ASIAN INFLUENZA; ENCEPHALITIS; JAPAN AB Objectives. Our objectives were to ( 1) describe the clinical characteristics of and viruses isolated from patients who presented with neurologic symptoms associated with influenza A infection and were hospitalized at Texas Children's Hospital during October and November 2003 and ( 2) to raise awareness of the neurologic complications of influenza among US children. Methods. We reviewed the medical and laboratory records of all children who were hospitalized with neurologic symptoms and who also had evidence of influenza virus infection by rapid antigen testing or viral isolation. Results. Eight children aged 5 months to 9 years with neurologic complications associated with influenza A were identified. None of the children had received the influenza vaccine. Four presented with seizures, 3 with mental status changes, and 1 with mutism. All but 1 of the patients had influenza A viral antigen detected in nasal wash samples. Influenza A virus was isolated in culture from nasal wash specimens obtained from 6 of the patients; influenza A virus was also isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 of these patients. None of the patients had serum metabolic abnormalities or other cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities. Three of the patients had brain imaging abnormalities. Five of the patients were treated with antivirals. All 8 of the patients survived, 6 with complete recovery and 2 with sequelae (1 mild and 1 severe). Conclusions. Neurologic symptoms and sequelae were associated with influenza A virus infection in children during the 2003-2004 influenza season in Houston, Texas. Influenza should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with seizures and mental status changes, especially if they present with respiratory symptoms or during an influenza outbreak. C1 Texas Childrens Hosp, Neurol Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Infect Dis Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Diagnost Virol Lab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Div Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Maricich, SM (reprint author), CCC 17-10,6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM maricich@bcm.tmc.edu OI Neul, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5628-5872 NR 35 TC 72 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2004 VL 114 IS 5 BP E626 EP E633 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0143 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 867KY UT WOS:000224842700061 PM 15520093 ER PT J AU Taveras, EM Scanlon, KS Birch, L Rifas-Shiman, SL Rich-Edwards, JW Gillman, MW AF Taveras, EM Scanlon, KS Birch, L Rifas-Shiman, SL Rich-Edwards, JW Gillman, MW TI Association of Breastfeeding with maternal control of infant feeding at age 1 year SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY MAR 03-06, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Heart Assoc DE infant feeding; breastfeeding; obesity; infancy ID PARENTAL INFLUENCES; RESTRICTING ACCESS; RELATIVE WEIGHT; ENERGY-INTAKE; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; ADIPOSITY AB Objective. Previous studies have found that breastfeeding may protect infants against future overweight. One proposed mechanism is that breastfeeding, compared with bottle-feeding, may promote maternal feeding styles that are less controlling and more responsive to infant cues of hunger and satiety, thereby allowing infants greater self-regulation of energy intake. The objective of this study was to examine whether preponderance of breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life and breastfeeding duration are associated with less maternal restrictive behavior and less pressure to eat. Methods. We studied 1160 mother-infant pairs in Project Viva, an ongoing prospective cohort study of pregnant mothers and their children. The main outcome measures were mothers' reports of restricting their children's food intake and of pressuring their children to eat more food, as measured by a modified Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) at 1 year postpartum. Restriction was defined by strongly agreeing or agreeing with the following question from the modified CFQ: "I have to be careful not to feed my child too much." We derived a continuous pressure to eat score from 5 questions of the modified CFQ. We used multiple logistic regression to examine the association between preponderance of breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life, breastfeeding duration, and mothers' restriction of children's access to food. We used multiple linear regression, both before and after adjusting for several groups of confounders, to predict the effects of breastfeeding on the mothers' scores for pressuring their children to eat. Results. The mean (SD) age of the women was 32.4 (4.8) years; 24% of the women were nonwhite, and 32% were primigravidas. At 6 months postpartum, 24% of the mothers were exclusively breastfeeding, 25% were mixed feeding, 41% had weaned, and 10% had fed their infants formula only. The mean ( SD) duration of breastfeeding was 6.3 (4.5) months. Thirteen percent of the mothers strongly agreed or agreed with the restriction question. The mean ( SD) score on the pressure to eat scale was 5.3 (3.7), and the range was 0 to 20. After adjusting for mothers' preexisting concerns about their children's future eating and weight status, as well as sociodemographic, economic, and anthropometric predictors of breastfeeding duration, we found that the longer the mothers breastfed, the less likely they were to restrict their children's food intake at age 1 year. The adjusted odds ratio was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84-0.95) for each 1-month increment in breastfeeding duration. In addition, we found that compared with mothers who were exclusively formula feeding, mothers who were exclusively breastfeeding at 6 months of age had much lower odds of restricting their children's food intake at 1 year (odds ratio: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.10-0.72). Preponderance of breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life and breastfeeding duration (beta = -0.01 points on the 0-20 scale for each additional 1 month of breastfeeding [ 95% CI: -0.07 to 0.05]) were not related to mothers' pressuring their children to eat more. Conclusion. Mothers who fed their infants breast milk in early infancy and who breastfed for longer periods reported less restrictive behavior regarding child feeding at 1 year. Additional longitudinal studies should examine the extent to which any protective effect of breastfeeding on overweight is explained by decreased maternal feeding restriction. C1 Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Grad Program Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Taveras, EM (reprint author), Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Fl, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM elsie.taveras@childrens.harvard.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 64925, HL 68041, K24 HL068041, K24 HL068041-02, R01 HL064925, R01 HL064925-02]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD034568, HD 34568, R01 HD034568-02, R37 HD034568] NR 27 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 8 U2 18 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2004 VL 114 IS 5 BP E577 EP E583 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0801 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 867KY UT WOS:000224842700055 PM 15492358 ER PT J AU Arheart, KL Sly, DF Trapido, EJ Rodriguez, RD Ellestad, AJ AF Arheart, KL Sly, DF Trapido, EJ Rodriguez, RD Ellestad, AJ TI Assessing the reliability and validity of anti-tobacco attitudes/beliefs in the context of a campaign strategy SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tobacco control; attitudes/beliefs; youth prevention; mass media ID FLORIDA TRUTH CAMPAIGN; MEDIA CAMPAIGN; SMOKING; YOUTH AB Objectives. To identify multi-item attitude/belief scales associated with the theoretical foundations of an anti-tobacco counter-marketing campaign and assess their reliability and validity. Methods. The data analyzed are from two state-wide, random, cross-sectional telephone surveys [n(S1) = 1,079, n(S2) = 1,150]. Items forming attitude/belief scales are identified using factor analysis. Reliability is assessed with Chronbach's alpha. Relationships among scales are explored using Pearson correlation. Validity is assessed by testing associations derived from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) logic model for tobacco control program development and evaluation linking media exposure to attitudes/beliefs, and attitudes/beliefs to smoking-related behaviors. Adjusted odds ratios are employed for these analyses. Results. Three factors emerged: traditional attitudes/beliefs about tobacco and tobacco use, tobacco industry manipulation and anti-tobacco empowerment. Reliability coefficients are in the range of 0.70 and vary little between age groups. The factors are correlated with one-another as hypothesized. Associations between media exposure and the attitude/belief scales and between these scales and behaviors are consistent with the CDC logic model. Conclusions. Using reliable, valid multi-item scales is theoretically and methodologically more sound than employing single-item measures of attitudes/beliefs. Methodological, theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (C) 2004 The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30349 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Epidemiol & Genet Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Tobacco Res & Evaluat Coordinating Ctr, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53701 USA. RP Arheart, KL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 1801 NW 9th Ave,D-93, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM karheart@med.miami.edu NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 909 EP 918 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.03.028 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 866MX UT WOS:000224778700009 PM 15475023 ER PT J AU Ching, P Tynan, WP Raymond, D Bresnitz, E Craig, AS AF Ching, P Tynan, WP Raymond, D Bresnitz, E Craig, AS TI Hospital recruitment for the smallpox pre-event vaccination program: Experiences from Florida, Nebraska, New Jersey, and Tennessee, December 2002-June 2003 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The Smallpox Pre-Event Vaccination Program (SPVP) for public health and hospital-based health care workers began on January 24, 2003. This report summarizes efforts made by health officials in Florida, Nebraska, New Jersey, and Tennessee to facilitate the voluntary participation of acute care hospitals in the SPVP. Seven common characteristics contributed to the success of programs in these four states: (1) early planning, building on existing competencies, and state government support, (2) carrying the program forward on a planned timeline with experienced vaccination staff, (3) use of multifaceted training activities, (4) use of mock scenarios and field exercises to avoid early problems, (5) establishment and fostering of good relationships and lines of communication with stakeholders and the mass media, (6) addressing liability and workers' compensation concerns prior to initiation of the SPVP, and (7) attention to vaccination clinic logistics. C1 CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Emergency Med Operat, Tallahassee, FL USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE USA. State New Jewsey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Tennessese Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. RP Ching, P (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pching@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 119 IS 6 BP 552 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.09.004 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 864XB UT WOS:000224665200005 PM 15504446 ER PT J AU Silverman, JG Pratt, C Reed, E Nagy, BJ Whitaker, DK Baker, C Decker, MR Koh, H Pavlos, C AF Silverman, JG Pratt, C Reed, E Nagy, BJ Whitaker, DK Baker, C Decker, MR Koh, H Pavlos, C TI From the schools of public health SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; WOMEN C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Practice, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Div Violence & Injury Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Silverman, JG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Practice, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 119 IS 6 BP 590 EP 593 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.09.010 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 864XB UT WOS:000224665200010 PM 15504452 ER PT J AU Murono, EP Derk, RC AF Murono, EP Derk, RC TI The effects of the reported active metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, on testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from young adult rats SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leydig cell; HPTE; testosterone ID MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; ANDROGEN RECEPTORS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; DISRUPTORS; DDT; MITOCHONDRIAL; BIOSYNTHESIS; OCTYLPHENOL; INVITRO AB Methoxychlor (MC) is an insecticide that is currently used on a variety of agricultural crops, especially following the ban of 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) use in the United States. Following in vivo administration, MC is converted to 2,2-bis(phydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE), which is proposed to be the active agent. Both MC and HPTE have been demonstrated to exhibit weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, and they are thought to exert their effects through estrogen or androgen receptors, respectively. A recent study reported that HPTE inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation by immature and adult cultured rat Leydig cells and that this effect was mediated through the estrogen receptor. In the current studies, we examined the effects of HPTE on basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from young adult rats. In addition, we evaluated whether the effects of HPTE on rat Leydig cell testosterone biosynthesis were mediated through the estrogen receptor as an estrogen agonist or the androgen receptor as an antiandrogen. The current studies demonstrated that HPTE inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation in a dose-dependent manner with significant declines in testosterone being observed at similar to100nM. The effects of HPTE were localized to the cholesterol side-chain cleavage step; however, these effects were not mediated through the classic estrogen receptor or by its acting as an antiandrogen, the currently recognized modes of action of MC and HPTE. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Murono, EP (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, M-S L-2015,1095 Willowdale Rd Morgantown, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM eem8@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.06.010 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 856CJ UT WOS:000224020900017 PM 15336722 ER PT J AU Malotte, CK Ledsky, R Hogben, M Larro, M Middlestadt, S Lawrence, JSS Olthoff, G Settlage, RH Van Devanter, NL AF Malotte, CK Ledsky, R Hogben, M Larro, M Middlestadt, S Lawrence, JSS Olthoff, G Settlage, RH Van Devanter, NL CA GCAP Study Grp TI Comparison of methods to increase repeat testing in persons treated for gonorrhea and/or chlamydia at public sexually transmitted disease clinics SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DRUG-USERS; UNDERIMMUNIZED CHILDREN; INCENTIVES; REMINDERS; IMPACT; RETURN; CARE AB Background: Retesting 3 to 4 months after treatment for those infected with chlamydia and/or gonorrhea has been recommended. Goal: We compared various methods of encouraging return for retesting 3 months after treatment for chlamydia or gonorrhea. Study: In study 1, participants were randomly assigned to: 1) brief recommendation to return, 2) intervention 1 plus $20 incentive paid at return visit, or 3) intervention 1 plus motivational counseling at the first visit and a phone reminder at 3 months. In study 2, participants at 1 clinic were randomly assigned to 4) intervention 1, 5) intervention 1 plus phone reminder, or 6) intervention 1 plus motivational counseling but no telephone reminder. Results: Using multiple logistic regression, the odds ratios for interventions 2 and 3, respectively, compared with intervention 1 were 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-2.5) and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.3-5.0). The odds ratios for interventions 5 and 6 compared with intervention 4 were 18.1 (95% CI, 1.7-193.5) and 4.6 (95% CI, 0.4-58.0). Conclusions: A monetary incentive did not increase return rates compared with a brief recommendation. A reminder phone call seemed to be the most effective method to increase return. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Hlth Sci, Community Hlth Program, Long Beach, CA 90815 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Hlth Sci, Social Epidemiol Program, Long Beach, CA 90815 USA. Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. Prince Georges Cty Hlth Dept, Prince Georges Cty, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Appl Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Malotte, CK (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Hlth Sci, Community Hlth Program, 5500 Atherton St,Suite 400, Long Beach, CA 90815 USA. EM kmalotte@csulb.edu NR 22 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 31 IS 11 BP 637 EP 642 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000143083.38684.9d PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 865MN UT WOS:000224707300001 PM 15502669 ER PT J AU Fortenberry, JD Zimet, GD Brady, R Wu, JW Tu, WZ Stone, KM Rosenthal, SL Bernstein, DI Fife, KH AF Fortenberry, JD Zimet, GD Brady, R Wu, JW Tu, WZ Stone, KM Rosenthal, SL Bernstein, DI Fife, KH TI Return for results after herpes simplex virus type 2 screening SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENITAL HERPES; INFECTIONS; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; WOMEN; RISK; NEIGHBORHOODS; PREVALENCE; GONORRHEA; STIGMA AB Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate factors associated with return for results of type-specific herpes simplex virus (HSV) screening. Methods: Participants receiving type-specific HSV testing were asked to return for results 2 weeks after testing. Predictors of return included demographics, herpes-related knowledge and attitudes, and past sexual behaviors. Results: A total of 820 sexually active subjects (age, 14-30 years; 41% male) received HSV screening and 578 (70%) returned for results. Higher probability of return for HSV testing results was significantly associated with older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.06), female gender (OR, 1.57), enrollment at sites other than the county sexually transmitted disease clinic (OR, 1.70-4.71), and heightened level of perceived HSV vulnerability (OR, 1.07). Lower probability of return was associated with having more than 1 recent sex partner (OR, 0.46). Conclusions: Lower rates of return of high-risk patients suggest the need to focus resources on receipt of test results. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Fortenberry, JD (reprint author), 575 N West St,Room 070, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM jfortenb@iupui.edu RI XIAO, SHAN/J-2963-2014; OI Zimet, Gregory/0000-0003-3835-937X FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR6/CCU517826] NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 31 IS 11 BP 655 EP 658 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000143088.97556.05 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 865MN UT WOS:000224707300004 PM 15502672 ER PT J AU Zimet, GD Rosenthal, SL Fortenberry, JD Brady, RC Tu, WZ Wu, JW Bernstein, DI Stanberry, LR Stone, KM Leichliter, JS Fife, KH AF Zimet, GD Rosenthal, SL Fortenberry, JD Brady, RC Tu, WZ Wu, JW Bernstein, DI Stanberry, LR Stone, KM Leichliter, JS Fife, KH TI Factors predicting the acceptance of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody testing among adolescents and young adults SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HSV-2 SPECIFIC SEROLOGY; GENITAL HERPES; ANTENATAL PATIENTS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; ACCEPTABILITY; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; ASSAY AB Background: The rates and determinants of acceptance of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) testing have not been adequately studied. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with acceptance of HSV-2 antibody testing in individuals with no history of genital herpes. Study: We conducted a cross-sectional survey study followed by the offer of free HSV-2 serologic testing at an urban sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic, 2 general adult medical clinics, an urban university campus, and an urban adolescent medicine clinic. A total of 1199 individuals aged 14 to 30 years completed the survey and were offered testing. Results: A total of 68.4% accepted HSV-2 testing. Factors independently associated with acceptance were female sex, older age, having an STD history, having 1 or more sexual partners in the last 6 months, perceived vulnerability to HSV-2 infection, and perceived benefits of HSV-2 testing. Fear of needles predicted rejection of testing, as did attending a general medical clinic versus an STD clinic and nonwhite race. Conclusion: There is a substantial interest in HSV-2 antibody testing across a variety of settings. Those at greatest behavioral and historic risk for HSV-2 infection, women, and persons whose health beliefs are consistent with testing are more likely to accept serologic testing when it is offered. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zimet, GD (reprint author), Sect Adolescent Med, 575 N West Dr,Rm 070, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM gzimet@iupui.edu RI XIAO, SHAN/J-2963-2014; OI Zimet, Gregory/0000-0003-3835-937X FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR6/CCU517826] NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 31 IS 11 BP 665 EP 669 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000143089.77493.c2 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 865MN UT WOS:000224707300006 PM 15502674 ER PT J AU Fife, KH Bernstein, DI Tu, WZ Zimet, GD Brady, R Wu, JW Fortenberry, JD Stone, KM Rosenthal, SL Stanberry, LR AF Fife, KH Bernstein, DI Tu, WZ Zimet, GD Brady, R Wu, JW Fortenberry, JD Stone, KM Rosenthal, SL Stanberry, LR TI Predictors of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody positivity among persons with no history of genital herpes SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Biennial Congress of the International-Society-for-Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases-Reseach CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Int Soc Sexually Transmitted Dis Res ID GLYCOPROTEIN-G; PREMARKET EVALUATION; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; WOMEN; SEROPREVALENCE; ASSAY; SEROLOGY; TESTS AB Background: The demographic, historical, and behavioral factors that predict a positive herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibody test in persons without a history of genital herpes have not been well-defined. Methods: Individuals (age 14-30 years) without a history of genital herpes completed a questionnaire and were offered free HSV-2 antibody testing. Factors from the questionnaire were correlated with the HSV-2 antibody result. Results: Univariate analysis showed that female gender was significantly associated with positive test results. In gender-specific, multiple logistic regression models, a positive HSV-2 antibody test among men was associated with older age, non-white race, and a history of sexually transmitted disease (STD). Gender-specific symptom scores from the questionnaire were not predictive in either gender, but the gender-common symptom score was marginally predictive of a positive HSV-2 antibody test in women. Among women, older age, non-white race, and STD history predicted a positive test. Conclusions: Among young persons with no history of genital herpes who agreed to HSV-2 antibody testing, increasing age, non-white race, and a history of an STD were predictors of a positive test. A history of frequent pain, itching, burning, and rashes in the anogenital region was marginally associated with positive HSV-2 tests in women. These results might help guide selective use of HSV-2 antibody screening. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Fife, KH (reprint author), Div Infect Dis, 545 Barnhill Dr,Room 435, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM kfife@iupui.edu RI XIAO, SHAN/J-2963-2014; OI Zimet, Gregory/0000-0003-3835-937X FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR6/CCU517826] NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 31 IS 11 BP 676 EP 681 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000143112.48835.9b PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 865MN UT WOS:000224707300008 PM 15502676 ER PT J AU Schmidt, AC Johnson, TR Openshaw, PJM Braciale, TJ Falsey, AR Anderson, LJ Wertz, GW Groothuis, JR Prince, GA Melero, JA Graham, BS AF Schmidt, AC Johnson, TR Openshaw, PJM Braciale, TJ Falsey, AR Anderson, LJ Wertz, GW Groothuis, JR Prince, GA Melero, JA Graham, BS TI Respiratory syncytial virus and other pneumoviruses: a review of the international symposium-RSV 2003 SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE respiratory syncytial virus; molecular biology; cell biology; epidemiology; physiology; immunology; pathogenesis; treatment; anti-viral vaccine; animal model; metapneumovirus ID LUNG-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; 2 DISTINCT SITES; FUSION PROTEIN; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; HOST-RANGE; VIRAL-INFECTION; RHESUS-MONKEYS; T-CELLS; VACCINE; TYPE-3 AB The Respiratory Syncytial Virus 2003 symposium took place from 8th-11th November 2003 in Stone Mountain, Georgia, and brought together more than 200 international investigators engaged in RSV research. RSV biology, pathogenesis, and clinical data, as well as RSV vaccines and antivirals, were addressed in the meeting, and this review will aim to briefly summarize and discuss the implications of new findings. The meeting also served as the inauguration of the Robert M. Chanock Award for lifetime achievement in RSV research, an award named in honor of the person who started the field of RSV research by recovering the first human RS virus from infants with severe bronchiolitis in 1956. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Charite Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat Pulmonol & Immunol, Berlin, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, St Marys Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Resp Med, London, England. Univ Virginia, Dept Pathol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, Rochester, NY USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL USA. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL USA. Virion Syst Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Madrid, Spain. RP Graham, BS (reprint author), NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, 40 Convent Dr,MSC 3017,Bldg 40,Room 2502, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM bgraham@nih.gov NR 53 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 106 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.06.008 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 874CL UT WOS:000225328400001 PM 15522442 ER PT J AU Molinari, NAM AF Molinari, NAM TI The effect of health care on population health SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOMEDICAL-RESEARCH; BIRTH-WEIGHT; MORTALITY; DEMAND C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Molinari, NAM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM NMolinari@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 30 PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9445 BP 1558 EP 1560 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17325-X PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 866IQ UT WOS:000224767600004 PM 15519613 ER PT J AU Thorpe, LE Frieden, TR Laserson, KF Wells, C Khatri, GR AF Thorpe, LE Frieden, TR Laserson, KF Wells, C Khatri, GR TI Seasonality of tuberculosis in India: is it real and what does it tell us? SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB India has a third of the world's tuberculosis cases. Large-scale expansion of a national programme in 1998 has allowed for population-based analyses of data from tuberculosis registries. We assessed seasonal trends using quarterly reports from districts with stable tuberculosis control programmes (population 115 million). In northern India, tuberculosis diagnoses peaked between April and June, and reached a nadir between October and December, whereas no seasonality was reported in the south. Overall, rates of new smear-positive tuberculosis cases were 57 per 100000 population in peak seasons versus 46 per 100000 in trough seasons. General health-seeking behaviour artifact was ruled out. Seasonality was highest in paediatric cases, suggesting variation in recent transmission. C1 NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Reg Off SE Asia, Stop TB Unit, Delhi, India. Govt India, Minist Hlth & Family Welf, Directorate Gen Hlth Serv, New Delhi, India. RP Thorpe, LE (reprint author), NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Epidemiol, CN6,125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM lthorpe@health.nyc.gov NR 5 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 30 PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9445 BP 1613 EP 1614 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17316-9 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 866IQ UT WOS:000224767600028 PM 15519633 ER PT J AU Willingham, AL Schantz, PM Carabin, H Torgerson, PR Budke, C Cowan, LD Nash, T Krecek, RC Michael, LM Dorny, P Rodriguez-Hidalgo, R Benitez-Ortiz, W Geerts, S Geyson, D Ron-Roman, J Proano-Perez, F Chavez-Larrea, MA Barrionuevo-Samaniego, M Celi-Erazo, M Vizcaino-Ordonez, L Brandt, J Jenkins, DJ Lightowlers, MW Heath, DD Eddi, C De Balogh, K Lubroth, J Amanfu, W Speedy, A Battaglia, D AF Willingham, AL Schantz, PM Carabin, H Torgerson, PR Budke, C Cowan, LD Nash, T Krecek, RC Michael, LM Dorny, P Rodriguez-Hidalgo, R Benitez-Ortiz, W Geerts, S Geyson, D Ron-Roman, J Proano-Perez, F Chavez-Larrea, MA Barrionuevo-Samaniego, M Celi-Erazo, M Vizcaino-Ordonez, L Brandt, J Jenkins, DJ Lightowlers, MW Heath, DD Eddi, C De Balogh, K Lubroth, J Amanfu, W Speedy, A Battaglia, D TI Assessing the burden of Taenia solium cysticercosis and echinococcosis SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Conference of the World-Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Veterinary-Parasitology CY AUG 10-14, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP World Assoc Advancement Vet Parasitol DE Taenia solium; Echinococcus granulosus; Echinococcus multilocularis; echinococcosis; hydatidosis; hydatid disease; taeniosis; taeniasis; cysticercosis; neurocysticercosis; burden assessment; socioeconomic impact; vaccine; cestodes; zoonoses; parasitic zoonoses; South Africa; Ecuador; Australia ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; HYDATID-DISEASE; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; VACCINATION; DOGS; GRANULOSUS; ECUADOR; AFRICA; SHEEP; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS AB This collection of articles provides an account of the papers delivered at the 19th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) (held in New Orleans, LA, USA, from 10 to 14 August 2003) in a symposium session on assessing the burden of Taenia solium cysticercosis and echinococcosis organised and chaired by A. Lee Willingham III from the WHO/FAO Collaborating Center for Research and Training on Emerging and other Parasitic Zoonoses in Denmark and Peter M. Schantz from the Parasitic Diseases Division of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. The focus was on the persistence of the zoonotic parasitic diseases cysticercosis, caused by the pork tapeworm T .solium, and echinococcosis, caused by species of the tapeworm Echinococcus, and why these diseases are given very little attention on the national and international agendas in spite of the availability of tools to detect, treat, control and prevent them when it is quite clear in most instances that they are clearly associated with and help perpetuate poverty. A major reason for this is that in many endemic areas the presence and impact of these diseases are not known due to the lack of investigation and information thus policy makers are not aware of their burden and benefits of their control. Documentation is also needed to help increase awareness of the international community and hopefully result in financial and technical support being made available. Thus, burden assessments of cysticercosis and echinococcosis provide an essential evidence base for securing political will and financial and technical support as well as providing a basis for cost-benefit analysis of prevention and control efforts. In order to make an appropriate and full burden assessment one must consider the health, agricultural, social and other impacts of these parasitic zoonoses comprehensively. During the symposium presentations were given concerning current ongoing initiatives to assess the burden of cysticercosis and echinococcosis and examples of the impact of these diseases in both developing and developed countries were provided. In addition, cost factors related to vaccines for these cestode diseases were discussed and the possibilities for technical and financial support from multilateral agencies for assessments and interventions presented. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, WHO, FAO Collaborating Ctr Res & Control Emerging & Ot, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Willingham, AL (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, WHO, FAO Collaborating Ctr Res & Control Emerging & Ot, Dyrlaegevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM pms1@cdc.gov RI Torgerson, Paul/A-7510-2010; Lightowlers, Marshall/L-5966-2015; Rodriguez-Hidalgo, Richar/P-8877-2015; Carabin, Helene/B-7600-2016 OI Torgerson, Paul/0000-0003-4277-9983; Lightowlers, Marshall/0000-0002-6655-0086; Rodriguez-Hidalgo, Richar/0000-0002-9338-1062; NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 125 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 183 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.05.013 PG 20 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 866QW UT WOS:000224789000013 ER PT J AU Conn, JM Annest, JL Dellinger, A AF Conn, JM Annest, JL Dellinger, A TI Nonfatal motor-vehicle animal crash-related injuries - United States, 2001-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 675-678, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Conn, JM (reprint author), CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 16 BP 1947 EP 1948 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 865DO UT WOS:000224682900009 ER PT J AU Waite, D Kimball, D Beckenhaupt, P LoBianco, L Mshar, P Nepaul, A Marshall, K Brennan, T Hadler, JL Nix, WA Pallansch, M Begier, EM AF Waite, D Kimball, D Beckenhaupt, P LoBianco, L Mshar, P Nepaul, A Marshall, K Brennan, T Hadler, JL Nix, WA Pallansch, M Begier, EM CA CDC TI Aseptic meningitis outbreak associated with echovirus 9 among recreational vehicle campers - Connecticut, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 710-713, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID POOL C1 Day Kimball Hosp, Putnam, CT 06260 USA. NE Dist Dept Hlth, Danielson, CT USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Waite, D (reprint author), Day Kimball Hosp, Putnam, CT 06260 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 16 BP 1948 EP 1950 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 865DO UT WOS:000224682900010 ER PT J AU Wang, S Tondella, ML Mathew, AG Kacharava, AG Austin, H Fields, B Zafari, AM AF Wang, S Tondella, ML Mathew, AG Kacharava, AG Austin, H Fields, B Zafari, AM TI Chlamydia pneumoniae in peripheral blood cells is associated with multivessel coronary artery disease SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Emory Univ, VA Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 1697 BP 356 EP 356 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783502014 ER PT J AU Honarmand, S Glaser, CA Chow, E Sejvar, JJ Preas, CP Cosentino, GC Hutchison, HT Bellini, WJ AF Honarmand, S Glaser, CA Chow, E Sejvar, JJ Preas, CP Cosentino, GC Hutchison, HT Bellini, WJ TI Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in the differential diagnosis of encephalitis SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEASLES AB The authors describe five cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) identified through the California Encephalitis Project that emphasize the importance of considering SSPE in the differential diagnosis of encephalitis, particularly among pediatric patients. SSPE was not suspected in the differential diagnosis of three of the cases until results of measles testing were known. The diagnosis of SSPE is often not considered by clinicians because of its rarity in the United States and the nonspecific clinical manifestations at onset. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Div Communicable Dis Control, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Mattel Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat,Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp Cent Calif, Dept Neurol, Madera, CA USA. RP Honarmand, S (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Div Communicable Dis Control, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM shonarma@dhs.ca.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU915546-07] NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 63 IS 8 BP 1489 EP 1493 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 865VN UT WOS:000224732400029 PM 15505172 ER PT J AU Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB Mensah, GA AF Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB Mensah, GA TI Prevalence of heart disease and stroke risk factors in persons with prehypertension in the United States, 1999-2000 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; FACTOR PROFILE; MORTALITY; PREVENTION; POPULATION; IMPACT; HEALTH; TRENDS; TRIAL; HYPERTENSION AB Background: Recent guidelines classify persons with above-optimal blood pressure (BP) but not clinical hypertension as having prehypertension. Methods: Data were analyzed for 3488 persons aged 20 years and older with BP measured in the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The prevalence of risk factors-above-normal ( greater than or equal to200 mg/dL greater than or equal to5.17 mmol/L]) and high (greater than or equal to240 mg/dL [greater than or equal to6.21 mmol/LD total cholesterol levels, diabetes mellitus, current smoker, and overweight or obesity-and the number of risk factors present were compared among BP groups (normotension, prehypertension, and hypertension). Multivariable logistic regression included age, sex, and race/ethnicity as covariates. Results: Overall, 39% of persons were normotensive, 31% were prehypertensive, and 29% were hypertensive. The age-adjusted prevalence of prehypertension was greater in men (39.0%) than in women (23.1%). African Americans aged 20 to 39 years had a higher prevalence of prehypertension (37.4%) than whites (32.2%) and Mexican Americans (30.9%), but their prevalence was lower at older ages because of a higher prevalence of hypertension. The probabilities of above-normal cholesterol levels, overweight/obesity, and diabetes mellitus were greater for persons with prehypertension vs normotension, whereas the probability of currently smoking was lower. Persons with prehypertension were 1.65 times more likely to have at least I other adverse risk factor than were those with normotension (P<.001). Among participants with prehypertension, there were no significant race/ethnic or sex differences in the likelihood of having at least I other risk factor. Conclusions: The greater prevalence of risk factors in persons with prehypertension vs normotension suggests the continued need for early clinical detection and intervention of prehypertension and comprehensive preventive and public health efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Hlth Community, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Greenlund, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Hlth Community, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM keg9@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 35 TC 186 Z9 208 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 19 BP 2113 EP 2118 DI 10.1001/archinte.164.19.2113 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 865NZ UT WOS:000224711100005 PM 15505124 ER PT J AU Levitan, EB Song, YQ Ford, ES Liu, SM AF Levitan, EB Song, YQ Ford, ES Liu, SM TI Is nondiabetic hyperglycemia a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? A meta-analysis of prospective studies SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; FASTING BLOOD-GLUCOSE; ASSOCIATION DETECTION PROJECT; NONFASTING SERUM GLUCOSE; POSTLOAD PLASMA-GLUCOSE; FOLLOW-UP; ALL-CAUSE; ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERGLYCEMIA; ECG ABNORMALITIES AB Background: Although hyperglycemia increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetic patients, the risk associated with blood glucose levels in the nondiabetic range remains unsettled. Methods: We identified 38 reports in which CVD incidence or mortality was an end point, blood glucose levels were measured prospectively, and the relative risk (RR) and information necessary to calculate the variance were reported comparing groups of nondiabetic people. These reports were prospective studies, published in English-language journals. First author, publication year, participant age and sex, study duration, CVD end points, glucose assessment methods, control for confounding, range of blood glucose levels, RR, and confidence intervals (CIs) or P values were extracted. Using a random effects model, we calculated pooled RRs and 95% CIs. Results: The group with the highest postchallenge blood glucose level (midpoint range, 150-194 mg/dL [8.3-10.8 mmol/L]) had a 27% greater risk for CVD compared with the group with the lowest level (midpoint range, 69-107 mg/dL [3.8-5.9 mmol/Ll) (RR, 1.27 [95% Cl, 1.091.48]). The results were similar when combining studies regardless of type of blood glucose assessment (RR, 1.36 [95% Cl, 1.23-1.52]) and when using strict criteria for exclusion of diabetic subjects (RR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.11-1.43]). Adjustment for CVD risk factors attenuated but did not abolish this relationship (RR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.071.321). The RR was greater in cohorts including women than in cohorts of men (RR, 1.56 vs; 1.24 [P=.03]). Conclusion: Blood glucose level is a risk marker for CVD among apparently healthy individuals without diabetes. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Liu, SM (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, 900 Commonwealth Ave E, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM sliu@rics.bwh.harvard.edu RI Levitan, Emily/E-2418-2011; Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 62 TC 287 Z9 307 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 19 BP 2147 EP 2155 DI 10.1001/archinte.164.19.2147 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 865NZ UT WOS:000224711100011 PM 15505129 ER PT J AU Hartman, AL Towner, JS Nichol, ST AF Hartman, AL Towner, JS Nichol, ST TI A C-terminal basic amino acid motif of Zaire ebolavirus VP35 is essential for type I interferon antagonism and displays high identity with the RNA-binding domain of another interferon antagonist, the NS1 protein of influenza A virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE filovirus; ebolavirus; hemorrhagic fever; interferon; VP35; NS1; influenza ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DENDRITIC CELLS; REGULATORY FACTOR-3; ACTIVATION; MARBURG; TRANSCRIPTION; RESPONSES; INFECTION AB The ebolavirus VP35 protein antagonizes the cellular type I interferon response by blocking phosphorylation of IRF-3, a transcription factor that turns on the expression of a large number of antiviral genes. To identify the domain of VP35 responsible for interferon antagonism, we generated mutations within the VP35 gene and found that a C-terminal basic amino acid motif is required for inhibition of ISG56 reporter gene expression as well as IFN-beta production. Remarkably, this basic amino acid motif displayed high sequence identity with part of the N-terminal RNA-binding domain of another interferon-antagonist, the NS1 protein of influenza A virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM biq7@cdc.gov; jitg@cdc.gov; stnl@cdc.gov OI Hartman, Amy/0000-0002-0857-2973 NR 22 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 2 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.07.006 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 860WW UT WOS:000224375500003 PM 15464838 ER PT J AU Benkovic, SA O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB AF Benkovic, SA O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB TI Sensitive indicators of injury reveal hippocampal damage in C57BL/6J mice treated with kainic acid in the absence of tonic-clonic seizures SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE excitotoxicity; neuropathology; gliosis ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; SUBSTITUTED AMPHETAMINES; NEURONAL DEGENERATION; EXCITOTOXIC INJURY; MESSENGER-RNA; INDUCED NEURODEGENERATION; STRAIN DIFFERENCES; MOUSE HIPPOCAMPUS; PYRAMIDAL CELLS AB Sensitive indices of neural injury were used to evaluate the time course of kainic acid (KA)-induced hippocampal damage in adult C57BL/6J mice (4 months), a strain previously reported to be resistant to kainate-induced neurotoxicity. Mice were injected systemically with saline or kainate, scored for seizure severity (Racine scale), and allowed to survive 12 h, one, three, or seven days following which they were evaluated for neuropathological changes using histological or biochemical endpoints. Most kainate-treated mice exhibited limited seizure activity (stage 1); however, cupric-silver and Fluoro-Jade B stains revealed significant damage by 12 h post-treatment. Immunohistochemistry and immunoassay of glial fibrillary acidic protein and lectin staining revealed a strong treatment-induced reactive gliosis and microglial activation. Immunostaining for immunoglobulin G revealed a kainate-induced breach in the blood-brain barrier. Nissl and hematoxylin stains provided little information regarding neuronal damage, but revealed the identity of non-resident cells which infiltrated the pyramidal layer. Our data suggest sensitive indicators of neural injury evaluated over a time course, both proximal and distal to treatment, are necessary to reveal the full extent of neuropathological changes which may be underestimated by traditional histological stains. The battery of neuropathological indices reported here reveals the C57BL/6J mouse is sensitive to excitotoxic neural damage caused by kainic acid, in the absence of tonic-clonic seizures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Miller, DB (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, 1095 Willodale Rd,Mailstop 3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM dumb@edc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013 NR 74 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 1024 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.07.021 PG 18 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 864WX UT WOS:000224664800006 PM 15451367 ER PT J AU Singh, N Preiser, P Renia, L Balu, B Barnwell, J Blair, P Jarra, W Voza, T Landau, I Adams, JH AF Singh, N Preiser, P Renia, L Balu, B Barnwell, J Blair, P Jarra, W Voza, T Landau, I Adams, JH TI Conservation and developmental control of alternative splicing in maebl among malaria parasites SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium; alternative splicing; MAEBL; ligand ID PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; ERYTHROCYTE BINDING-PROTEINS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; APICAL ORGANELLES; LIFE-CYCLE; EBL FAMILY; SPOROZOITE; YOELII; STAGE; GENE AB Genes of malaria parasites and other unicellular organisms have larger exons with fewer and smaller introns than metaozoans. Such differences in gene structure are perceived to extend to simpler mechanisms for transcriptional control and mRNA processing. Instead, we discovered a surprisingly complex level of post-transcriptional mRNA processing in analysis of maebl transcripts in several Plasmodium species. Mechanisms for internal alternative cis-splicing and exon skipping were active in multiple life cycle stages to change exon structure in the deduced coding sequence (CDS). The major alternatively spliced transcript utilized a less favorable acceptor splice site, which shifted codon triplet usage to a different CDS with a hydrophilic C terminus, changing the canonical type I membrane MAEBL product to a predicted soluble isoform. We found that developmental control of the alternative splicing pattern was distinct from the canonical splicing pattern. Western blot analysis indicated that MAEBL expression was better correlated with the appearance of the canonical ORF1 transcript. Together these data reveal that RNA metabolism in unicellular eukaryotes like Plasmodium is more sophisticated than believed and may have a significant role regulating gene expression in Plasmodium. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Sci Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Parasitol, London NW7 1AA, England. Univ Paris 05, Hop Cochin, CNRS 8104, INSERM U 567,Dept Immunol,Inst Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Adams, JH (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Sci Biol, 220 Galvin,POB 369, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jadams3@nd.edu RI Renia, Laurent/E-2117-2011; Preiser, Peter /A-2201-2011; Adams, John/G-1800-2015; OI Renia, Laurent/0000-0003-0349-1557; Adams, John/0000-0003-3707-7979; , Peter/0000-0003-4331-7000 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI033656, R01 AI033656-10, R01 AI33656] NR 55 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 343 IS 3 BP 589 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.08.047 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 862PN UT WOS:000224503300006 PM 15465047 ER PT J AU Nicholson, AC Unger, ER Mangalathu, R Ojaniemi, H Vernon, SD AF Nicholson, AC Unger, ER Mangalathu, R Ojaniemi, H Vernon, SD TI Exploration of neuroendocrine and immune gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells SO MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PNI; neuroendocrine; immune; microarray; blood; neurotransmitter receptors; hormone receptors ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; LYMPHOCYTES; 14-3-3-SIGMA; RESPONSES; DISCOVERY; CLONING; PROTEIN; EFP; BAX AB As pathways of communication between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems are identified, the importance of the interplay of these systems for health and well-being is increasingly recognized. In this study, we created a comprehensive database of 1622 genes likely to be involved in synthetic, biochemical, and regulatory psycho-neuroendocrine-immune (PNI) pathways. Expression of 1058 of these genes was detected in the peripheral blood by querying both a peripheral blood-specific expressed sequence tag (EST) database and a peripheral blood database generated from microarray evaluation of 30,000 genes. Several neural and endocrine genes were expressed in the peripheral blood including hormone receptors, a hormone-responsive transcription factor, and neurotransmitter receptors. These findings document the expression of nervous and endocrine genes in the peripheral blood that have previously only been characterized in the respective system tissues, and indicate that the blood is a rich source of information that should help in deciphering the communication between the mind and the body. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Huddinge Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Vernon, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop A-15,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM svemon@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-328X J9 MOL BRAIN RES JI Mol. Brain Res. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 129 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.06.036 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 863UL UT WOS:000224588800021 ER PT J AU Samandari, T Bell, BP Armstrong, GL AF Samandari, T Bell, BP Armstrong, GL TI Quantifying the impact of hepatitis A immunization in the United States, 1995-2001 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A; vaccination; model ID COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK; VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; CHILDREN AB Hepatitis A rates have declined to historically low rates in the United States. To assess the degree to which this decline was attributable to immunization, we correlated changes in the incidence of hepatitis A with increases in immunization coverage in a Poisson regression model. In a model allowing for herd immunity, an estimated 97,800 hepatitis A cases were averted due to immunization between 1995-2001, including 39% of potential cases in 2001. Assuming no herd immunity; 32,300 cases of hepatitis A would have been prevented. Sensitivity analysis showed that the number of averted cases in this period could range from 45,500 to 172,900. Among children 2-18 years old, vaccination coverage averaged 10% in 2001 and is estimated to have prevented 51% of cases in this age group. These results suggest that much of the recent reduction of hepatitis A rates is attributable to immunization and that immunization has been associated with a strong herd immunity effect. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Armstrong, GL (reprint author), 6th Floor,1 W Court Sq, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. EM garmstrong@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 31-32 BP 4342 EP 4350 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.04.014 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 866FC UT WOS:000224758200027 PM 15474727 ER PT J AU Buchacz, K Patel, P Taylor, M Kerndt, PR Byers, RH Holmberg, SD Klausner, JD AF Buchacz, K Patel, P Taylor, M Kerndt, PR Byers, RH Holmberg, SD Klausner, JD TI Syphilis increases HIV viral load and decreases CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected patients with new syphilis infections SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Conference on HIV Prevention CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GA DE CD4 cell count; HIV; immune response; men who have sex with men; sexually transmitted disease; syphilis; viral load ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; MEN; TUBERCULOSIS; PATHOGENESIS; BLOOD AB Background: Syphilitic ulcers are known to facilitate the transmission of HIV infection, but the effect of syphilis infection on HIV viral loads and CD4 cell counts is poorly understood. Methods: We abstracted medical records for HIV-infected male syphilis patients seen at three clinics in San Francisco and Los Angeles from January 2001 to April 2003. We compared plasma HIV-RNA levels and CD4 cell counts during syphilis infection with those before syphilis infection and after syphilis treatment, using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Fifty-two HIV-infected men with primary or secondary syphilis had HIV viral load and CD4 cell count data available for analysis; 30 (58%) were receiving antiretroviral therapy. Viral loads were higher during syphilis compared with presyphilis levels by a mean of 0.22 RNA loglo copies/ml (P = 0.02) and were lower by a mean of -0.10 RNA log(10) copies/ml (P = 0.52) after syphilis treatment. CD4 cell counts were lower during syphilis infection than before by a mean of -62 cells/mm(3) (P = 0.04), and were higher by a mean of 33 cells/mm(3) (P = 0.23) after syphilis treatment. Increases in the HIV viral load and reductions in the CD4 cell count were most substantial in men with secondary syphilis and those not receiving antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: Syphilis infection was associated with significant increases in the HIV viral load and significant decreases in the CD4 cell count. The findings underscore the importance of preventing and promptly treating syphilis in HIV-infected individuals. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, STD Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. City & Cty San Francisco, STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Klausner, JD (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, 1360 Mission St,Suite 401, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. NR 18 TC 193 Z9 201 U1 3 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 15 BP 2075 EP 2079 DI 10.1097/00002030-200410210-00012 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 872RK UT WOS:000225225800012 PM 15577629 ER PT J AU Herbert, R Moline, JM Todd, AC Stevenson, L Landsbergis, P Jiang, S Skloot, G Baron, S Enright, P AF Herbert, R Moline, JM Todd, AC Stevenson, L Landsbergis, P Jiang, S Skloot, G Baron, S Enright, P TI Physical health status of World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers and volunteers - New York City, July 2002-August 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 807-812, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; CENTER DISASTER; FIREFIGHTERS C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. CDC, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Herbert, R (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 15 BP 1811 EP 1813 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862IV UT WOS:000224485100009 ER PT J AU Little, B Gill, J Schulte, J Young, S Horton, J Harris, L Batts-Osborne, D Sanchez, C Malilay, J Bayleyegn, T AF Little, B Gill, J Schulte, J Young, S Horton, J Harris, L Batts-Osborne, D Sanchez, C Malilay, J Bayleyegn, T TI Rapid assessment of the needs and health status of older adults after Hurricane Charley Charlotte, DeSoto, and Hardee counties, Florida, August 27-31, 2004 (Reprinted by MMWR, vol 53, pg 837-840, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CLUSTER-SAMPLING METHOD C1 Sarasota Cty Hlth Dept, Sarasota, FL 34230 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Little, B (reprint author), Sarasota Cty Hlth Dept, Sarasota, FL 34230 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 15 BP 1813 EP 1814 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862IV UT WOS:000224485100010 ER PT J AU Rubins, KH Hensley, LE Jahrling, PB Whitney, AR Geisbert, TW Huggins, JW Owen, A LeDuc, JW Brown, PO Relman, DA AF Rubins, KH Hensley, LE Jahrling, PB Whitney, AR Geisbert, TW Huggins, JW Owen, A LeDuc, JW Brown, PO Relman, DA TI The host response to smallpox: Analysis of the gene expression program in peripheral blood cells in a nonhuman primate model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CLASS-II EXPRESSION; VACCINIA VIRUS; IMMUNE EVASION; MESSENGER-RNA; VARIOLA-VIRUS; GROWTH-FACTOR; INTERFERON; GAMMA; POXVIRUSES; PROTEIN AB Smallpox has played an unparalleled role in human history and remains a significant potential threat to public health. Despite the historical significance of this disease, we know little about the underlying pathophysiology or the virulence mechanisms of the causative agent, variola virus. To improve our understanding of variola pathogenesis and variola-host interactions, we examined the molecular and cellular features of hemorrhagic smallpox in cynomolgus macaques. We used cDNA microarrays to analyze host gene expression patterns in sequential blood samples from each of 22 infected animals. Variola infection elicited striking and temporally coordinated patterns of gene expression in peripheral blood. Of particular interest were features that appear to represent an IFN response, cell proliferation, immunoglobulin gene expression, viral dose-dependent gene expression patterns, and viral modulation of the host immune response. The virtual absence of a tumor necrosis factor alpha/NF-kappaB-activated transcriptional program in the face of an overwhelming systemic infection suggests that variola gene products may ablate this response. These results provide a detailed picture of the host transcriptional response during smallpox infection, and may help guide the development of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic strategies. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Stat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Brown, PO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pbrown@pmgm2.stanford.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI54922, R01 AI054922] NR 36 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 42 BP 15190 EP 15195 DI 10.1073/pnas.0405759101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 865FT UT WOS:000224688700039 PM 15477590 ER PT J AU Jahrling, PB Hensley, LE Martinez, MJ LeDuc, JW Rubins, KH Relman, DA Huggins, JW AF Jahrling, PB Hensley, LE Martinez, MJ LeDuc, JW Rubins, KH Relman, DA Huggins, JW TI Exploring the potential of variola virus infection of cynomolgus macaques as a model for human smallpox SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENESIS; MANAGEMENT; MONKEYPOX; VACCINIA; EBOLA; MVA AB Smallpox virus (variola) poses a significant threat as an agent of bioterrorism. To mitigate this risk, antiviral drugs and an improved vaccine are urgently needed. Satisfactory demonstration of protective efficacy against authentic variola will require development of an animal model in which variola produces a disease course with features consistent with human smallpox. Toward this end, cynomolgus macaques were exposed to several variola strains through aerosol and/or i.v. routes. Two strains, Harper and India 7124, produced uniform acute lethality when inoculated i.v. in high doses (10(9) plaque-forming units). Lower doses resulted in less fulminant, systemic disease and lower mortality. Animals that died had profound leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and elevated serum creatinine levels. After inoculation, variola was disseminated by means of a monocytic cell-associated viremia. Distribution of viral antigens by immunohistochemistry correlated with the presence of replicating viral particles demonstrated by electron microscopy and pathology in the lymphoid tissues, skin, oral mucosa, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive system, and liver. These particles resembled those seen in human smallpox. High viral burdens in target tissues were associated with organ dysfunction and multisystem failure. Evidence of coagulation cascade activation (D dimers) corroborated histologic evidence of hemorrhagic diathesis. Depletion of T cell-dependent areas of lymphoid tissues occurred, probably as a consequence of bystander apoptotic mechanisms initiated by infected macrophages. Elaboration of cytokines, including IL-6 and IFN-gamma, contribute to a cytokine storm formerly known as "toxemia." A more precise understanding of disease pathogenesis should provide targets for therapeutic intervention, to be used alone or in combination with inhibitors of variola virus replication. C1 USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Headquarters, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Jahrling, PB (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Headquarters, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM peter.jahrling@us.army.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI054922] NR 19 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 42 BP 15196 EP 15200 DI 10.1073/pnas.0405954101 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 865FT UT WOS:000224688700040 PM 15477589 ER PT J AU Mermin, J Lule, J Ekwaru, JP Malamba, S Downing, R Ransom, R Kaharuza, F Culver, D Kizito, F Bunnell, R Kigozi, A Nakanjako, D Wafula, W Quick, R AF Mermin, J Lule, J Ekwaru, JP Malamba, S Downing, R Ransom, R Kaharuza, F Culver, D Kizito, F Bunnell, R Kigozi, A Nakanjako, D Wafula, W Quick, R TI Effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis on morbidity, mortality, CD4-cell count, and viral load in HIV infection in rural Uganda SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII-PNEUMONIA; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS DISEASE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; COTE-DIVOIRE; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; HIV-1-INFECTED ADULTS; IMMUNE ACTIVATION AB Background Prophylaxis with co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) is recommended for people with HIV infection or AIDS but is rarely used in Africa. We assessed the effect of such prophylaxis on morbidity, mortality, CD4-cell count, and viral load among people with HIV infection living in rural Uganda, an area with high rates of bacterial resistance to co-trimoxazole. Methods Between April, 2001, and March, 2003, we enrolled, and followed up with weekly home visits, 509 individuals with HIV-1 infection and their 1522 HIV-negative household members. After 5 months of follow-up, HIV-positive participants were offered daily co-trimoxazole prophylaxis (800 mg trimethoprim, 160 mg sulphamethoxazole) and followed up for a further 1 - 5 years. We assessed rates of malaria, diarrhoea, hospital admission, and death. Findings Co-trimoxazole was well tolerated with rare (<2% per person-year) adverse reactions. Even though rates of resistance in diarrhoeal pathogens were high (76%), co-trimoxazole prophylaxis was associated with a 46% reduction in mortality (hazard ratio 0.54 [95% CI 0.35-0.84], p=0.006) and lower rates of malaria (multivariate incidence rate ratio 0.28 [0.19-0.40], p<0.0001), diarrhoea (0.65 [0.53-0.81], p<0.0001), and hospital admission (0.69 [0.48-0.98), p=0.04). The annual rate of decline in CD4-cell count was less during prophylaxis than before (77 vs 203 cells per μL, p<0.0001), and the annual rate of increase in viral load was lower (0.08 vs 0 - 90 logo copies per mL, p=0.01). Interpretation Daily co-trimoxazole prophylaxis was associated with reduced morbidity and mortality and had beneficial effects on CD4-cell count and viral load. Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis is a readily available, effective intervention for people with HIV infection in Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Uganda, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. AIDS Support Org, Kampala, Uganda. RP Mermin, J (reprint author), Uganda Virus Res Inst, POB 49, Entebbe, Uganda. EM jhm7@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 34 TC 220 Z9 227 U1 2 U2 4 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 16 PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9443 BP 1428 EP 1434 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17225-5 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862IX UT WOS:000224485300029 PM 15488218 ER PT J AU Rybak, ME Pfeiffer, CM AF Rybak, ME Pfeiffer, CM TI Clinical analysis of vitamin B-6: Determination of pyridoxal 5 '-phosphate and 4-pyridoxic acid in human serum by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with chlorite postcolumn derivatization SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HPLC; PLP; 4-PA; specimen type; plasma ID HUMAN-PLASMA; B-6 VITAMERS; FOLIC-ACID; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; ASSAY; PYRIDOXAL-5'-PHOSPHATE; STABILITY; HOMOCYSTEINE; 5-PHOSPHATE; HPLC AB A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorometric detection was developed for the routine determination of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) in serum. Chlorite postcolumn derivatization was used to oxidize PLP to a more fluorescent carboxylic acid form. Sensitivity improved fourfold for PLP using chlorite postcolumn derivatization over traditional bisulfite postcolumn derivatization. The HPLC injection cycle was 15 min, facilitating a throughput of 60 patient samples (72 injections that included standards and quality control (QC) samples) in 18.5 h. Method precision was evaluated using three serum QC pools with PLP and 4-PA concentrations of 11.5-34.8nmol/L and 10.4-21.0 nmol/L, respectively. Within-run (n = 7) repeatabilities were 0.6-1.2% for PLP and 0.9-1.8% for 4-PA. Run-to-run (n = 23) reproducibilities were 3.66.7% for PLP and 3.7-5.6% for 4-PA. Relative detection (3sigma(0)) and quantitation (10sigma(0)) limits were 0.3 and 0.9nmol/L, respectively, for both PLP and 4-PA using a 10-mul sample injection volume. Analytical recoveries ranged from 97 to 102%. Patient-matched serum and plasma specimens (n = 25) were analyzed to evaluate specimen-type bias. Of the plasma types evaluated, heparinized plasma introduced the lowest relative bias for PLP (-5.3%) and minimal bias for 4-PA (-2.3%) compared with serum. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma showed the lowest bias for 4-PA (0.7%) but a relatively high bias for PLP (13.0%) due to a chromatographic interference. Human serum samples from a nonrepresentative population subset (n = 303) were commensurate with values published for other vitamin 136 HPLC methods. These values gave geometric means of 42.4nmol/L for PLP and 27.3 nmol/L for 4-PA. Medians for PLP and 4-PA were 40.1 and 21.8 nmol/L, respectively. The high sensitivity, precision, and throughput of this method, combined with its minimal serum specimen (150 mul) and sample injection (10 mul) volume requirements, make it well suited for routine clinical vitamin 136 analysis. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Inorgan Toxicol Nutr Branch, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Inorgan Toxicol Nutr Branch, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cpfeiffer@cdc.gov RI Rybak, Michael/T-1026-2016 OI Rybak, Michael/0000-0003-1650-8581 NR 48 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 333 IS 2 BP 336 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2004.06.036 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 862MA UT WOS:000224493800017 PM 15450810 ER PT J AU Barrientos, LG Martin, AM Rollin, PE Sanchez, A AF Barrientos, LG Martin, AM Rollin, PE Sanchez, A TI Disulfide bond assignment of the Ebola virus secreted glycoprotein SGP SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Ebola virus; glycoprotein; SGP; homodimer; disulfide bonds; MALDI-TOF MS ID VIRION GLYCOPROTEINS; PATTERNS AB The non-structural glycoprotein (SGP) of Ebola virus (EboV) is secreted in large amounts from infected cells as a disulfide-linked homodimer. In this communication, highly purified SGP, derived from Vero E6 cultures infected with the Zaire species of EboV, was used to determine the correct localization of inter- and intrachain disulfide bonds. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of proteolytic cleavage fragments indicates that all cysteines (six per monomeric unit) form unique disulfide bonds. Monomers of the SGP homodimer are joined in a parallel manner by two intersubunit disulfide bonds formed between paired N-terminal and C-terminal cysteines (C53-C53' and C306-C306'). The remaining cysteines are involved in intrachain disulfide bonding (paired as C108-C135 and C121-C147), which resembles the disulfide bond topology of fibronectin type II domains. The findings presented here provide the foundation for future studies aimed at defining the structural and functional properties of SGP. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch,Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sanchez, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch,Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA USA. EM ans1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 323 IS 2 BP 696 EP 702 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.148 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 856WS UT WOS:000224076900047 PM 15369806 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ AF Schrag, SJ TI The past and future of perinatal group B streptococcal disease prevention SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, C-23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zha6@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1136 EP 1138 DI 10.1086/424523 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JF UT WOS:000227491700006 PM 15486836 ER PT J AU Winthrop, KL Siegel, JN AF Winthrop, KL Siegel, JN TI Tuberculosis cases associated with infliximab and etanercept SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 US FDA, Div Therapeut Biol Internal Med Prod, Off Drug Evaluat 6, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Winthrop, KL (reprint author), US FDA, Div Therapeut Biol Internal Med Prod, Off Drug Evaluat 6, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, 1401 Rockville Pike,HFM-582, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1256 EP 1257 DI 10.1086/424460 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JF UT WOS:000227491700031 PM 15486859 ER PT J AU Chapman, DP Whitfield, CL Felitti, VJ Dube, SR Edwards, VJ Anda, RF AF Chapman, DP Whitfield, CL Felitti, VJ Dube, SR Edwards, VJ Anda, RF TI Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood SO JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE child abuse; depressive disorders ID HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; ABUSED-CHILDREN; HISTORY; DISSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; BEHAVIOR; TRAUMA; WOMEN; LIFE AB Background: Research examining the association between childhood abuse and depressive disorders has frequently assessed abuse categorically, thus not permitting discernment of the cumulative impact of multiple types of abuse. As previous research has documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are highly interrelated, we examined the association between the number of such experiences (ACE score) and the risk of depressive disorders. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 9460 adult health maintenance organization members in a primary care clinic in San Diego, CA who completed a survey addressing a variety of health-related concerns, which included standardized assessments of lifetime and recent depressive disorders, childhood abuse and household dysfunction. Results: Lifetime prevalence of depressive disorders was 23%. Childhood emotional abuse increased risk for lifetime depressive disorders, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 2.7 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3-3.2] in women and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.9-3.2) in men. We found a strong, dose-response relationship between the ACE score and the probability of lifetime and recent depressive disorders (P < 0.0001). This relationship was attenuated slightly when a history of growing up with a mentally ill household member was included in the model, but remained significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The number of ACEs has a graded relationship to both lifetime and recent depressive disorders. These results suggest that exposure to ACEs is associated with increased risk of depressive disorders up to decades after their occurrence. Early recognition of childhood abuse and appropriate intervention may thus play an important role in the prevention of depressive disorders throughout the life span. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Calif Kaiser Permanente Med Grp Kaiser Permane, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Chapman, DP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dpc2@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 504 Z9 515 U1 7 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0327 J9 J AFFECT DISORDERS JI J. Affect. Disord. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 82 IS 2 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.jad.2003.12.013 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 870IQ UT WOS:000225051200006 PM 15488250 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, CA Atkinson, R Bitar, W Whitney, CG Edwards, KM Mitchell, L Li, JA Sublett, J Li, CS Liu, TB Chesney, PJ Tuomanen, EI AF Rodriguez, CA Atkinson, R Bitar, W Whitney, CG Edwards, KM Mitchell, L Li, JA Sublett, J Li, CS Liu, TB Chesney, PJ Tuomanen, EI TI Tolerance to vancomycin in pneumococci: Detection with a molecular marker and assessment of clinical impact SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-21, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP NIH ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIBIOTIC TOLERANCE; NASOPHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION; RESISTANCE; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; AUTOLYSIN; BACTERIA; PATIENT; PROGRAM AB Background. Vancomycin is often added to therapy for meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Tolerant bacteria without classic resistance that escape killing by multiple antibiotics have been reported sporadically. We determined the prevalence of tolerance to vancomycin in pneumococci and its effect on the outcome of meningitis. Methods. Archival samples of 215 nasopharyngeal (NP) and 113 meningitis isolates were tested for the killing efficacy of vancomycin. Specific DNA sequence changes in a transporter locus were identified for tolerant isolates. Similar tests were conducted prospectively on 517 NP isolates from healthy children. Results. In archival isolates, tolerance to vancomycin was detected in 3.7% of NP and 10.6% of invasive isolates. Patients with meningitis caused by tolerant isolates had a worse estimated 30-day survival than did patients with meningitis caused by nontolerant isolates (49% vs. 86%; P = .048); 62.5% of tolerant archival NP isolates harbored a specific sequence change for pep27 and vex2 (P = .021). Prospective analysis of 517 carriage isolates indicated that 8.1% were tolerant to vancomycin and that 82.1% of tolerant isolates harbored the specified marker gene sequences (P = .001). Conclusions. Tolerance to vancomycin exists in the population of pneumococci. Tolerant isolates are associated with meningitis of increased mortality, and these isolates can be tracked by specific marker sequences in 2 genes. C1 St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Biostat, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tuomanen, EI (reprint author), St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM elaine.tuomanen@stjude.org FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA 21765]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 39482] NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 8 BP 1481 EP 1487 DI 10.1086/424467 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 855JF UT WOS:000223968700016 PM 15378442 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Marcus, M Tolbert, PE Schuch, C Rubin, C Henderson, AK Zhang, RH Hertzberg, VS AF Blanck, HM Marcus, M Tolbert, PE Schuch, C Rubin, C Henderson, AK Zhang, RH Hertzberg, VS TI Time to menopause in relation to PBBs, PCBs, and smoking SO MATURITAS LA English DT Article DE menopause; Michigan; polybrominated biphenyls; polychlorinated biphenyls; smoking ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS; NATURAL MENOPAUSE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; REPORTED AGE; WOMEN; EXPOSURE; COHORT AB Objectives: Because halogenated biphenyl exposure is suspected to disrupt endocrine function, we assessed time to menopause in women aged 24 years and older who were exposed orally to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (n = 874). We also examined smoking in relation to menopause. Methods: To define menopausal status, women were interviewed in 1997 and asked whether they had had any menstrual periods in the previous year, why their menstrual periods had stopped (e.g. surgery), and age at their last menstrual period. Serum PBB and PCB taken at enrollment (1976-1978) into the Michigan PBB registry was used as the measure of halogenated biphenyl exposure. Women whose menopause occurred before their PBB exposure were excluded. Proportional hazard modeling was used to analyze the "risk" for menopause in relation to exposure. Premenopausal women contributed person-time until their interview date, at which time they were censored. Results: We did not find an association between either PBB or PCB exposure and time to menopause. Women who were current smokers had a shorter time to menopause than never smokers (menopause ratio 2.02, 95% C.I. 1.21-3.37). Time to menopause was shortest among women who reported started smoking when they were < 18 years of age, smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day, or had at least 10 pack-years of smoking. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES08341-01]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U37/CCU500392] NR 45 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-5122 J9 MATURITAS JI Maturitas PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 2 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.maturitas.2003.10.011 PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 868KG UT WOS:000224911900001 PM 15474753 ER PT J AU Davis, XM Habert, M AF Davis, XM Habert, M TI Estimating vaccine efficacy from household data observed over time SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE vaccine efficacy; susceptibility; infectiousness; household studies; survival analysis ID INFECTIOUSNESS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Estimation of vaccine efficacy has traditionally focused on the reduction in susceptibility to infection, or the vaccine efficacy for susceptibility (VES). However, a vaccine, such as a prophylactic HIV vaccine, may also lower the infectiousness of a vaccinated person who became infected. The relative reduction in infectiousness due to vaccination is the vaccine efficacy for infectiousness (VEI). Estimation of VEI is challenging because it requires information on exposure to infection, and gathering this type of information is often expensive and difficult, or even impossible. Household studies are expected to provide more information on who is exposed to whom. In a previous paper, we developed a method for estimating VES and VEI from a household study where only the final outbreak data are available. However, the resulting estimates were quite unstable. In this work, we develop a survival model for the estimation of VES and VEI from household data where the time of infection is known for every study participant. Using stochastic simulations, we show that the proposed method significantly reduces the bias and mean square error in the estimation of both VES and VEI as compared to the method based on final outbreak data. We also show that when time-to-event data are available, a household study produces more robust estimators than a same-size study of unrelated individuals. In addition, we investigate the bias in estimating VES and VEI due to misclassification of infection status when only illness data, rather than true infection data, are available. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Habert, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mhaber@sph.emory.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 19 BP 2961 EP 2974 DI 10.1002/SIM.1865 PG 14 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 853HG UT WOS:000223817300002 PM 15351955 ER PT J AU Ritzwoller, D Shetterly, S Yamasaki, K France, E Gershman, K Shupe, A Alexander, J Averhoff, F Bridges, C Brown, C Chaves, S Cortese, M Euler, G Gargiullo, P Herrera, G Iwane, M Kolczak, M Seward, J AF Ritzwoller, D Shetterly, S Yamasaki, K France, E Gershman, K Shupe, A Alexander, J Averhoff, F Bridges, C Brown, C Chaves, S Cortese, M Euler, G Gargiullo, P Herrera, G Iwane, M Kolczak, M Seward, J CA CDC TI Assessment of the effectiveness of the 2003-04 influenza vaccine among children and adults - Colorado, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 707-710, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL C1 Kaiser Permanente, Denver, CO 80231 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ritzwoller, D (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Denver, CO 80231 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 14 BP 1674 EP 1675 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 861JS UT WOS:000224413400009 ER PT J AU Costamagna, P Furst, K Tully, K Landis, J Moser, K Quach, L Kwak, J Calvet, H Lindsey, B Flood, J Braun, M Siegel, J Winthrop, K Jereb, J Taylor, Z Iademarco, M Castro, K AF Costamagna, P Furst, K Tully, K Landis, J Moser, K Quach, L Kwak, J Calvet, H Lindsey, B Flood, J Braun, M Siegel, J Winthrop, K Jereb, J Taylor, Z Iademarco, M Castro, K CA CDC TI Tuberculosis associated with blocking agents against tumor necrosis factor-alpha - California, 2002-2003 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 San Joaquin Cty Publ Hlth Svcs, Stockton, CA 95202 USA. Santa Cruz Cty Hlth Svcs, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. San Diego Cty Dept Hlth, San Diego, CA USA. Cty Orange Hlth Care Agcy, Santa Ana, CA 92702 USA. Long Beach City Dept Hlth & Human Svcs, Long Beach, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Svcs, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Washington, DC USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Centocor Inc, Malvern, PA USA. Immunex Corp, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. RP Costamagna, P (reprint author), San Joaquin Cty Publ Hlth Svcs, Stockton, CA 95202 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 14 BP 1676 EP 1678 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 861JS UT WOS:000224413400010 ER PT J AU Luby, SP Agboatwalla, M AF Luby, SP Agboatwalla, M TI Handwashing promotion and childhood diarrhea in Pakistan - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan. RP Luby, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sluby@icddrb.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 14 BP 1682 EP 1683 DI 10.1001/jama.292.14.1682-c PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 861JS UT WOS:000224413400016 ER PT J AU Alexander, LN Seward, JF Santibanez, TA Pallansch, MA Kew, OM Prevots, DR Strebel, PM Cono, J Wharton, M Orenstein, WA Sutter, RW AF Alexander, LN Seward, JF Santibanez, TA Pallansch, MA Kew, OM Prevots, DR Strebel, PM Cono, J Wharton, M Orenstein, WA Sutter, RW TI Vaccine policy changes and epidemiology of poliomyelitis in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; RECOMMENDATIONS; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION; DISEASE; IMPACT; IDENTIFICATION; SCHEDULE AB Context The last case of poliomyelitis in the United States due to indigenously acquired wild poliovirus occurred in 1979; however, as a consequence of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) use that began in 1961, an average of 9 cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) were confirmed each year from 1961 through 1989. To reduce the VAPP burden, national vaccination policy changed in 1997 from reliance on OPV to options for a sequential schedule of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) followed by OPV. In 2000, an exclusive IPV schedule was adopted. Objective To review the epidemiology of paralytic poliomyelitis and document the association between the vaccine schedule changes and VAPP in the United States. Design and Setting Review of national surveillance data from 1990 through 2003 for cases of confirmed paralytic poliomyelitis. Main Outcome Measures Number of confirmed paralytic poliomyelitis cases, including VAPP, and ratio of VAPP cases to number of doses of OPV distributed that occurred before, during, and after implementation of policy changes. Results From 1990 through 1999, 61 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were reported; 59 (97%) of these were VAPP (1 case per 2.9 million OPV doses distributed), 1 case was imported, and 1 case was indeterminate. Thirteen cases occurred during the 19971999 transitional policy period and were associated with the all-OPV schedule; none occurred with the IPV-OPV schedule. No cases occurred after the United States implemented the all-IPV policy in 2000. The last imported poliomyelitis case occurred in 1993 and the last case of VAPP occurred in 1999. Conclusion The change in polio vaccination policy from OPV to exclusive use of IPV was successfully implemented; this change led to the elimination of VAPP in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Alexander, LN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lalexander@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 114 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 14 BP 1696 EP 1701 DI 10.1001/jama.292.14.1696 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 861JS UT WOS:000224413400028 PM 15479934 ER PT J AU Wise, RP Iskander, J Pratt, RD Campbell, S Ball, R Pless, RP Braun, MM AF Wise, RP Iskander, J Pratt, RD Campbell, S Ball, R Pless, RP Braun, MM TI Postlicensure safety surveillance for 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EVENT-REPORTING-SYSTEM; INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; ADVERSE EVENTS; IMMUNIZATION; RISK; PERTUSSIS; VAERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EFFICACY; PURPURA AB Context Clinical trials evaluate a vaccine's safety before approval, but some risks may escape detection or adequate characterization until larger population exposures occur after licensure. Objective To summarize reports of events occurring after vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), including those that may warrant further investigation to assess possible causation by PCV. Design Descriptive epidemiology of reports submitted to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a national passive surveillance database. Setting and Patients United States during first 2 years after licensure of PCV (February 2000 through February 2002). Reports studied were for children younger than 18 years and vaccinated with PCV. Main Outcome Measures Numbers and proportional distributions of reports. Results A total of 4154 reports of events following PCV were submitted to VAERS, for a rate of 13.2 reports per 100000 doses distributed. Multiple vaccines were given in 74.3% of reports. The most frequently reported symptoms and signs included fever, injection site reactions, fussiness, rashes, and urticaria. Serious events were described in 14.6% of reports. There were 117 deaths, 23 reports of positive rechallenges, and 34 cases of invasive pneumococcal infections possibly representing vaccine failure. Immune-mediated events occurred in 31.3% of reports. All 14 patients with anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions survived. Thrombocytopenia developed in 14 patients and serum sickness in 6 others. Neurologic symptoms occurred in 38% of reports. Seizures described in 393 reports included 94 febrile seizures. Conclusions The majority of reports to VAERS in the first 2 years after licensure of PCV described generally minor adverse events previously identified in clinical trials. The proportion of reports portraying serious events was similar to that for other vaccines. Although there are important limitations in passive surveillance data, and caution in their interpretation is necessary, symptoms experienced by a few children more than once after successive PCV doses, including allergic reactions, prolonged or abnormal crying, fussiness, dyspnea, and gastrointestinal distress, warrant continued surveillance, as do reports of rare but potentially serious events, such as seizures, anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions, serum sickness, and thrombocytopenia. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Vaccines & Related Prod Applicat, Off Vaccines Res & Review, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control Hlth Canada, Immunizat Safety Unit, Immunizat & Resp Infect Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, HFM-225,1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM R.P.Wise@cber.fda.gov NR 33 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 14 BP 1702 EP 1710 DI 10.1001/jama.292.14.1702 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 861JS UT WOS:000224413400029 PM 15479935 ER PT J AU Hupert, N Chege, W Bearman, GML Pelzman, FN AF Hupert, N Chege, W Bearman, GML Pelzman, FN TI Antibiotics for anthrax - Patient requests and physician prescribing practices during the 2001 New York City attacks SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BIOTERRORISM-RELATED ANTHRAX; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; POSTAL WORKERS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; UNITED-STATES; WASHINGTON; DC; CONNECTICUT; MANAGEMENT AB Background: Little is known about patient encounters with primary care physicians and prescribing practices during the 2001 US anthrax attacks. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical record of outpatient telephone and clinic visits at a large primary care practice in New York City from September 11 to December 31, 2001, to identify physician- and patient-related factors that were associated with prescribing antibiotics for anthrax prophylaxis. Results: Average daily patient volume from October to December was higher in 2001 (221.2 patients per day) compared with 2000 (199.1; P<.01) arid 2002 (215.8; P=.14). Patient-initiated discussion about anthrax or smallpox were involved in 244 patient contacts with 63 physicians, including 92 (0.6%) of 14917 telephone contacts and 152 (1.0%) of 15539 office visits. Fifty patients (21%) requested antibiotics or vaccines and 52 (22%) received antibiotics: 39 received ciprofloxacin; 12, doxycycline; and 1, both drugs. Independent predictors of receiving anthrax prophylaxis included requesting medication (odds ratio [OR], 8.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5-18.6), reporting powder or workplace exposure (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.1-10.0), having an abnormal physical examination finding (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.4-11.0), and being asymptomatic (reporting any illness symptoms was associated with an OR of 0.3 [95% CI, 0.1-0.6]). Conclusions: Primary care physicians played an important and heretofore underdocumented role in responding to the 2001 anthrax attacks. Prescription of prophylactic antibiotics for anthrax was uncommon and appears to have been selective among concerned patients. These results highlight the importance of including primary care physicians in community-wide bioterrorism response planning. C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Hupert, N (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, 411 E 69th St, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM nah2005@med.cornell.edu FU PHS HHS [290-00-0013] NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 18 BP 2012 EP 2016 DI 10.1001/archinte.164.18.2012 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862RF UT WOS:000224507900010 PM 15477436 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, SE Cox, NJ Klimov, A AF Lindstrom, SE Cox, NJ Klimov, A TI Genetic analysis of human H2N2 and early H3N2 influenza viruses, 1957-1972: evidence for genetic divergence and multiple reassortment events SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE influenza; H2N2; H3N2; genome constellation; evolution; reassortment ID RECEPTOR-BINDING PROPERTIES; A-VIRUSES; AMINO-ACID; NS GENES; B VIRUS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; EVOLUTIONARY TREES; SEQUENCE CHANGES; ANTIGENIC SITES AB Phylogenic analysis of all gene segments of human H2N2 viruses isolated from 1957 to 1968 was undertaken to better understand the evolution of this virus subtype. Human H3N2 viruses isolated from 1968 to 1972 were also examined to investigate genetic events associated with their emergence in humans and to identify the putative H2N2 ancestral virus. All gene segments of human H2N2 viruses demonstrated divergent evolution into two distinct clades (I and II) among late H2N2 isolates. Also, all gene segments of 1968 H3N2 viruses that were retained from human H2N2 viruses were most similar to clade I H2N2 genes. However, genes of both clades were found among H3N2 isolates of 1969-1971. Unique phylogenic topologies reflected multiple reassortment events among late H2N2 or H3N2 viruses that resulted in a variety of different genome constellations. These results suggest that H2N2 viruses continued to circulate after 1968 and that establishment of H3N2 viruses in humans was associated with multiple reassortment events that contributed to their genetic diversity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lindstrom, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS-G16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM slindstrom@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 95 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 1 BP 101 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.06.009 PG 19 WC Virology SC Virology GA 857LE UT WOS:000224117300011 PM 15380362 ER PT J AU Hungerford, DW Pollock, DA AF Hungerford, DW Pollock, DA TI Alcohol interventions in emergency medicine: referral makes a difference SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID DRINKERS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Resources Management Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hungerford, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DHungerford@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 9 PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9442 BP 1289 EP 1290 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17200-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 860NG UT WOS:000224349700003 PM 15474116 ER PT J AU Woodruff, BA Kaiser, R AF Woodruff, BA Kaiser, R TI Violence and mortality in West Darfur SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID COUNTRIES; REFUGEE; WAR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Woodruff, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM baw4@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 9 PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9442 BP 1290 EP 1291 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17201-2 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 860NG UT WOS:000224349700004 PM 15474117 ER PT J AU Griffin, P McClenahan, D VandeVelde, J Pezzino, G Funk, R Kitt, M AF Griffin, P McClenahan, D VandeVelde, J Pezzino, G Funk, R Kitt, M CA CDC TI Tuberculosis transmission in multiple correctional facilities - Kansas, 2002-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 734-738, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID IMPACT C1 Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Topeka, KS USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 6 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 13 BP 1543 EP 1545 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 859HS UT WOS:000224254600006 ER PT J AU Cooper, D Wilburn, R Ehrlich, J Welles, WL Stemmons, S Gunnells, L Horton, DK Kaye, WE AF Cooper, D Wilburn, R Ehrlich, J Welles, WL Stemmons, S Gunnells, L Horton, DK Kaye, WE TI Brief report: Injuries associated with homemade fireworks - Selected states, 1993-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 562-563, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cooper, D (reprint author), Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 6 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 13 BP 1545 EP 1546 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 859HS UT WOS:000224254600007 ER PT J AU Metcalf, P Newman, K Siegel, JD Pascoe, N Terashita, D Mascola, L Srinivasan, A Arduino, M Taylor, R AF Metcalf, P Newman, K Siegel, JD Pascoe, N Terashita, D Mascola, L Srinivasan, A Arduino, M Taylor, R CA CDC TI Nosocomial Burkholderia cepacia infections associated with exposure to sublingual probes - Texas, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 796, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Childrens Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Metcalf, P (reprint author), Childrens Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 6 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 13 BP 1546 EP 1546 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 859HS UT WOS:000224254600008 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Sawaya, GF AF Saraiya, M Sawaya, GF TI Cervical cancer screening among women without a cervix SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yzs2@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 6 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 13 BP 1551 EP 1551 DI 10.1001/jama.292.13.1551-b PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 859HS UT WOS:000224254600015 PM 15467052 ER PT J AU Newman, RD Parise, ME Barber, AM Steketee, RW AF Newman, RD Parise, ME Barber, AM Steketee, RW TI Malaria-related deaths among US travelers, 1963-2001 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; IMPORTED MALARIA; UNITED-STATES; AMERICAN TRAVELERS; AFRICA; PREVENTION; PROPHYLAXIS; DIAGNOSIS; MORTALITY; TRENDS AB Nearly 1500 malaria cases occur each year in the United States; approximately 60% are among U.S. travelers. Despite the availability of sophisticated medical care, malaria-related deaths continue to occur. The authors reviewed all 185 fatal cases between 1963 and 2001 that were reported to the National Malaria Surveillance System: 123 (66.5%) occurred among U.S. travelers, and of these, 114 (92.7%) were attributed to Plasmodium falciparum. Failure to take or adhere to recommended chemoprophylaxis, to promptly seek medical care for post-travel illness, and to promptly diagnose and treat suspected malaria all contributed to fatal outcomes. Health care providers need to take a travel history, obtain a blood film for suspected malaria, and use the 24-hour malaria management advice available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Malaria Hotline (770-488-7788) or the CDC Malaria Web site (www.cdc.gov/Malaria). Hospitals must maintain intravenous quinidine gluconate on formulary because it is the only drug available to treat severe malaria in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Newman, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ren5@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 7 BP 547 EP 555 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862CR UT WOS:000224467800007 PM 15466772 ER PT J AU Loo, VS Diaz, T Gadelha, AMJ Campos, DP Pilloto, JH Brandao, PS Grinsztejin, B dos Santos, VGV AF Loo, VS Diaz, T Gadelha, AMJ Campos, DP Pilloto, JH Brandao, PS Grinsztejin, B dos Santos, VGV TI Managing HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: do providers follow national guidelines? SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID AIDS AB The objective of the paper was to compare provider practices in prescribing antiretroviral (ARV) drug regimens and use of laboratory monitoring at three health care facilities and to determine whether Brazilian national guidelines are being followed. A retrospective, cross-sectional survey was employed. We selected a sequential sample of patients on ARV therapy who registered at three health care facilities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2001. We abstracted 2001 patient visit data from medical records using standardized data forms. Provider practice was compared to the 2000 Brazil national guidelines for ARV use. Providers who prescribed recommended or acceptable regimens were considered as having conformed to guidelines. Only 2% of patient records (N = 984) reported use of inappropriate regimens as defined by the Brazil 2000 national ARV guidelines. Forty-nine per cent of patients at the Evandro Chagas hospital, 17% of those at Hospital Geral, and 57% of those at Centro da Saude were prescribed recommended therapies. Twenty per cent of patients seen at the public district hospital received dual ARV therapy, an acceptable regimen at the time. Although the national guidelines do not provide recommendations on laboratory monitoring, during the 1 year study period a majority of patients had at least one CD4 + cell count (92%) or viral load measurement (86%). Providers' practices in prescribing ARV regimens at these Rio de Janeiro facilities conform to national guidelines. Physicians would benefit from Brazilian ARV guidelines which incorporate the international consensus on the frequency of laboratory monitoring appropriate for patients in resource-constrained settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EISO, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fiocruz MS, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fiocruz MS, Inst Pesquisa Clin Evandro Chagas, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Hosp Geral Nova Iguacu, Nova Iguacu, Brazil. Ctr Saude Dr Vasco Barcelos, Nova Iguacu, Brazil. Rio de Janeiro State Hlth Dept, IDS STD Program, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Loo, VS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EISO, Global AIDS Program, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vdl2@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD OCT PY 2004 VL 16 IS 7 BP 834 EP 840 DI 10.1080/09540120412331290121 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 858MF UT WOS:000224195200005 PM 15385238 ER PT J AU Valverde, E Del Rio, C Metsch, L Anderson-Mahoney, P Krawczyk, CS Gooden, L Gardner, LI AF Valverde, E Del Rio, C Metsch, L Anderson-Mahoney, P Krawczyk, CS Gooden, L Gardner, LI CA Antiretroviral Treatment Access St TI Characteristics of Ryan White and non-Ryan White funded HIV medical care facilities across four metropolitan areas: results from the Antiretroviral Treatment and Access Studies site survey SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID INFECTED PERSONS; CASE-MANAGEMENT; SERVICES; NEEDS; BARRIERS; CLIENTS; IMPACT AB The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act 1990 (CARE Act) is one of the largest federal programmes funding medical and support services for individuals with HIV disease. Data that report services and gaps in service coverage from the organizational perspective are very limited. The Antiretroviral Treatment and Access Studies included a mail survey of 176 HIV medical care facilities in four US inner cities on clinic characteristics, services and practices, and patient characteristics. Characteristics of 143 (85%) responding Ryan White (RW) funded and non-RW funded facilities are described. RW funded facilities reported offering more services than non-funded facilities including evening/weekend hours (49% vs. 18%), transportation (71% vs. 22%), and on-site risk reduction counselling (88% vs. 55%). More RW funded facilities reported offering on-site adherence support services, such as support groups (44% vs. 12%), formal classes (20% vs. 2%), and pillboxes (83% vs. 43%), and served a larger proportion of uninsured patients (41% vs. 4%) than non-funded facilities. Our analysis showed that the RW funded HIV care facilities offered more clinic, non-clinic, and adherence support services than non-RW funded facilities, indicating that the disparities in services were still related to CARE Act funding, controlling for private-public facility type. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Valverde, E (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 1801 NW 9th Ave,Suite 300, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM evalverd@med.miami.edu RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD OCT PY 2004 VL 16 IS 7 BP 841 EP 850 DI 10.1080/09546120412331290130 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 858MF UT WOS:000224195200006 PM 15385239 ER PT J AU Minh, TT Nhan, DT West, GR Durant, TM Jenkins, RA Huong, PT Valdiserri, RO AF Minh, TT Nhan, DT West, GR Durant, TM Jenkins, RA Huong, PT Valdiserri, RO TI Sex workers in Vietnam: How many, how risky? SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS; DRUG-USERS; CHIANG-RAI; HIV; SPREAD; PROSTITUTES; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIC AB Because of concerns for HIV risks and need to plan effective programs, we assessed the number and risks of sex workers in Nha Trang City, Vietnam. Sex workers were contacted in streets, beaches, bars, and restaurants, and a capture-recapture method was used to estimate their number. An estimated 444 women worked on the streets and beach ("direct" sex workers) and 486 worked in bars and restaurants or other facilities ("indirect" sex workers). Direct and indirect sex workers engaged in sex work primarily to support their families. Direct sex workers were older and were more at risk for HIV risk than were indirect sex workers. Direct sex workers had more clients, were less likely to report always using condoms (67% vs. 81%), more likely to report a prior sexually transmitted infection (19% vs. 16%), and more likely to have clients who inject drugs (16% vs. 13%). This assessment has implications for planning programs to reduce sex work and its risks in Vietnam and potentially other countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US Embassey, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP West, GR (reprint author), Family Hlth Int, POB 13950, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM gwest@fhi.org NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 389 EP 404 DI 10.1521/aeap.16.5.389.48740 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 866YV UT WOS:000224810200001 PM 15491951 ER PT J AU Valdiserri, RO AF Valdiserri, RO TI Mapping the roots of HIV/AIDS complacency: Implications for program and policy development SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Policy Dialogue on HIV/AIDS CY NOV 12-14, 2003 CL Warsaw, POLAND SP UNAIDS, Hlth Canada, Open Soc Inst, Canadian Int Dev Agcy ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-SEROPOSITIVE INDIVIDUALS; VIRAL LOAD; GAY MEN; COMBINATION THERAPIES; BISEXUAL MEN; IMPACT; TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Valdiserri, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,E07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rov1@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 426 EP 439 DI 10.1521/aeap.16.5.426.48738 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 866YV UT WOS:000224810200004 PM 15491954 ER PT J AU Wong, FY Campsmith, ML Nakamura, GV Crepaz, N Begley, E AF Wong, FY Campsmith, ML Nakamura, GV Crepaz, N Begley, E TI HIV testing and awareness of care-related services among a group of HIV-positive Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in te United States: Findings from a supplemental HIV/AIDS surveillance projects SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB Compared with other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) are more likely to be at an advanced stage of AIDS disease and have opportunistic infections at the time of diagnosis. However, it is not clear how these two findings are related to issues such as HIV testing and access to HIV care-related services. We examined HIV testing and awareness of care-related services among a group of HIV-positive AAPIs in the United States. Data are from a multisite supplemental surveillance project, 1990-1999. Compared with Whites, a higher percentage of AAPIs cited "illness" as the main reason for HIV testing and had their tests done as a hospital inpatients-although these differences were not statistically significant. A significantly lower percentage of AAPIs than Whites were aware of their current CD4 count; AAPIs also had significantly lower awareness about a number of care-related services. Among AAPIs, educational level was positively associated with awareness of these services. Efforts are needed to promote service availability among HIV-positive AAPIs. C1 Georgetown Univ, Sch Nursing & Hlth Studies, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wong, FY (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Sch Nursing & Hlth Studies, Box 571107,3700 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM fyw@georgetown.edu NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 440 EP 447 DI 10.1521/aeap.16.5.440.48736 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 866YV UT WOS:000224810200005 PM 15491955 ER PT J AU Parsons, JT VanOra, J Missildine, W Purcell, DW Gomez, CA AF Parsons, JT VanOra, J Missildine, W Purcell, DW Gomez, CA TI Positive and negative consequences of HIV disclosure among seropositive injection drug users SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SELF-DISCLOSURE; SEXUAL PARTNERS; INFECTION; SEROSTATUS; MEN; STIGMA; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS; PATTERNS; REASONS AB This study examines HIV status disclosure in an ethnically diverse sample of HIV-seropositive injection drug users (IDUs) from New York City and San Francisco. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 158 participants. Analyses revealed a number of negative and positive consequences of disclosing serostatus to sexual partners. Negative consequences included stigma, rejection by sexual partners and others, loss of intimacy, and threats to personal well-being. Positive rewards resulting from disclosure included increased social support and intimacy with partners, reaffirmation of one's sense of self, and the opportunity to share personal experiences and feelings with sexual partners. The role of responsibility in impacting disclosure and nondisclosure revealed varied patterns in terms of how this construct impacts disclosure and resulting behaviors with sexual partners. Some participants used particular strategies, such as getting involved in seroconcordant relationships or minimizing intimacy in relationships, in order to combat potential negative outcomes of disclosure. For others, positive rewards were viewed as important enough to risk negative consequences. Interventions for HIV-positive IDUs are discussed. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Parsons, JT (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM Jeffrey.parsons@hunter.cuny.edu OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168; Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU213605, U62/CCU913557] NR 35 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 459 EP 475 DI 10.1521/aeap.16.5.459.48741 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 866YV UT WOS:000224810200007 PM 15491957 ER PT J AU Whittier, DK Seeley, S St Lawrence, JS AF Whittier, DK Seeley, S St Lawrence, JS TI A comparison of Web- with paper-based surveys of gay and bisexual men who vacationed in a gay resort community SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID INTERNET; SEX AB Internet Web page survey responses were compared with those collected using traditional paper-and-pencil strategies to assess relative inclusion of a geographically dispersed population and comparativeness in responses. Three hundred and seven gay or bisexual men who had vacationed in a particular gay community completed Web-based and 244 paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Each questionnaire contained the same wording and question order. More Internet respondents than paper reported bisexual identity, nonmetropolitan residence, greater numbers of nonmain male partners for unprotected anal intercourse, and alcohol use than did paper-and-pencil respondents. Few other differences were identified. Assessing the reach of survey distribution can add to our knowledge base of surveys fielded using the Internet. Similarly, examining the potential biases in modes of administering convenience surveys can assist researchers to select the survey data collection method most appropriate to their research goals and design studies to assess the effect of the methods that are used. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Informat Technol Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CAMP Rehoboth, Rehoboth Beach, DE USA. RP Whittier, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Informat Technol Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop-E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM apn2@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 476 EP 485 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 866YV UT WOS:000224810200008 PM 15491958 ER PT J AU Khuroo, MS Kamili, SS Dahab, ST Yattoo, GN AF Khuroo, MS Kamili, SS Dahab, ST Yattoo, GN TI Severe fetal hepatitis E virus infection is the possible cause of increased severity of hepatitis E virus infection in the mother: Another example of Mirror syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Sherikashmir Inst Med Sci, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 99 IS 10 SU S MA 309 BP S100 EP S100 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 862GW UT WOS:000224479700305 ER PT J AU Rengasamy, A Zhuang, ZP BerryAnn, MS AF Rengasamy, A Zhuang, ZP BerryAnn, MS TI Respiratory protection against bioaerosols: Literature review and research needs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Review ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; AEROSOL PENETRATION; N95 RESPIRATORS; FILTERING FACEPIECES; INFECTIOUS AEROSOLS; SURGICAL MASK; FIT FACTORS; TUBERCULOSIS; PERFORMANCE AB Research on respiratory protection against biologic agents is important to address major concerns such as occupational safety and terrorist attack. This review describes the literature on respiratory protection against bioaerosols and identifies research gaps. Respiratory protection is a complex field involving a number of Factors, such as the efficiency of respirator filter material; face-piece fitting: and maintenance, storage, and reuse of respirators. Several studies used nonpathogenic microorganisms having physical characteristics similar to that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to analyze microbial penetration through respirators. Some studies showed that high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) and N95 filters provided a higher level of protection than dust/mist (DM) and dust/mist/fume (DMF) filters. Flow rate and relative humidity appear to alter the level of penetration of microorganisms through respirator filters. The relationship between microbial penetration through respirator filters and the aerodynamic diameter, length. or other physical characteristics of microorganisms remains controversial. Whether reaerosolization of bioaerosol particles should be a concern is unclear. given the fact that one study has demonstrated significant reaerosolization of 1- to 5-mum particles loaded onto respirator filters. Respirator maintenance, storage, and decontamination are important factors to be considered when reusing respirators. The respiratory protection against biologic warfare agents such as anthrax in military and civilian situations is described. C1 NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bruceton, PA 15236 USA. RP Rengasamy, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Bruceton, PA 15236 USA. EM rda5@cdc.gov RI Zhuang, Ziqing/K-5462-2012 NR 84 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 28 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 6 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.04.199 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 860OL UT WOS:000224352800006 PM 15454893 ER PT J AU Ahmed, F Friedman, C Franks, A Latts, LM Nugent, EW France, EK Stange, P Ndiaye, S AF Ahmed, F Friedman, C Franks, A Latts, LM Nugent, EW France, EK Stange, P Ndiaye, S TI Effect of the frequency of delivery of reminders and an influenza tool kit on increasing influenza vaccination rates among adults with high-risk conditions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article AB Objective: To evaluate the incremental effect of a second client reminder postcard or an influenza tool kit targeted toward employers on increasing influenza vaccination rates among adults age <65 years at high risk for complications from influenza illness. Methods: In this demonstration study, enrollees of 3 managed care organizations (n = 8881) were randomized at the employer level into 4 arms: 1 postcard, 2 postcards, 1 postcard + tool kit, and 2 postcards + tool kit. The postcards and tool kits were mailed during the fall of 2001, and their effect on influenza vaccination rates was assessed through a survey. Results: Compared with a single postcard, 2 postcards increased vaccination rates by 4 percentage points (adjusted relative risk = 1.05; P <.05) among persons aged 50 to 64 years but did not have any effect among younger adults. older adults had a greater burden of disease and reported more favorable knowledge and attitudes toward the influenza vaccine. The influenza tool kit did not appear to have any incremental effect on vaccination rates. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the necessity of evaluating the effectiveness of interventions in different population subgroups and of identifying factors that modify the effectiveness of interventions. Rigorous assessment of intervention effectiveness in managed care settings will enable decision makers to optimize use of scarce healthcare dollars for improving the health and wellbeing of enrollees. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Anthem Blue Cross & Blue Shield, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Clin Res Unit, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ahmed, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Mail Stop K53,4770 Buford Highways NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fahmed@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 698 EP 702 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 862QA UT WOS:000224504600008 PM 15521161 ER PT J AU Miller, JW Gfroerer, JC Brewer, RD Naimi, TS Mokdad, A Giles, H AF Miller, JW Gfroerer, JC Brewer, RD Naimi, TS Mokdad, A Giles, H TI Prevalence of adult binge drinking - A comparison of two national surveys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL; STATES; WOMEN; RISK AB Background: Binge drinking (defined as hive or more drinks on an occasion) causes approximately half of the estimated 85,000 alcohol-related deaths in the United States each year. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a telephone survey, and the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an in-person survey, provide population-based estimates of binge drinking. Evaluating the concordance of binge drinking estimates from the BRFSS and the NSDUH is important for surveillance and for planning prevention programs. Methods: In 2003, combined data on binge drinking for 1999 and 2001 from the BRFSS (n =355,371) and [lie NSDUH (n = 87,145) were analyzed for respondents aged greater than or equal to18 years. Results: National binge drinking estimates were 14.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.5-15.2) for BRFSS and 21.6% (CI=21.2-22.0) for NSDUH. Although there was good correlation between state-specific hinge drinking estimates from tire two surveys (Pearson's r =0.82), the BRFSS state estimates were significantly lower (p <0.05) than the NSDUH estimates in 46 states and the District of Columbia. The demographic characteristics of binge drinkers and the wording of the binge question were similar in the two surveys. However, in 1999, NSDUH changed from paper interviews to computer-administered interviews, and incorporated an internal validity check with feedback questions to resolve inconsistent responses. Conclusions: Estimates of binge drinking from the NSDUH were consistently higher than those from the BRFSS, probably due to differences in Survey methodology. Continued efforts to improve binge drinking surveillance are important for preventing this public health problem. (C) 2004 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Div Populat Surveys, Off Applied Studies, Rockville, MD USA. RP Miller, JW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,NW,Mailstop K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JMiller5@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.05.004 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 857IM UT WOS:000224109800002 PM 15450631 ER PT J AU Dannenberg, AL Burton, DC Jackson, RJ AF Dannenberg, AL Burton, DC Jackson, RJ TI Economic and environmental costs of obesity - The impact on airlines SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dannenberg, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acd7@cdc.org NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 264 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.06.004 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 857IM UT WOS:000224109800013 PM 15450642 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, MS Pamuk, ER AF Eberhardt, MS Pamuk, ER TI The importance of place of residence: Examining health in rural and nonrural areas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; URBANIZATION; METROPOLITAN; AMERICA; DISEASE; TRENDS; URBAN AB We examined differences in health measures among rural, suburban, and urban residents and factors that contribute to these differences. Whereas differences between rural and urban residents were observed for some health measures, a consistent rural-to-urban gradient was not always found. Often, the most rural and the most urban areas were found to be disadvantaged compared with suburban areas. If health disparities are to be successfully addressed, the relationship between place of residence and health must be understood. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Eberhardt, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 6421, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM mse1@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 190 Z9 191 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1682 EP 1686 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.10.1682 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860AQ UT WOS:000224309900011 PM 15451731 ER PT J AU Mayer-Davis, EJ D'Antonio, AM Smith, SM Kirkner, G Martin, SL Parra-Medina, D Schultz, R AF Mayer-Davis, EJ D'Antonio, AM Smith, SM Kirkner, G Martin, SL Parra-Medina, D Schultz, R TI Pounds off with empowerment (power): A clinical trial of weight management strategies for black and white adults with diabetes who live in medically underserved rural communities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; NONPHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTIONS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; LOSS PROGRAM; COMPLICATIONS; MELLITUS; RISK; ASSOCIATION; REDUCTION; EXERCISE AB Objectives. We evaluated lifestyle interventions for diabetic persons who live in rural communities. Methods. We conducted a 12-month randomized clinical trial (n = 152) of "intensive-lifestyle" (modeled after the NIH Diabetes Prevention Program) and "reimbursable-lifestyle" (intensive-lifestyle intervention delivered in the time allotted for Medicare reimbursement for diabetes education related to nutrition and physical activity) interventions with usual care as a control. Results. Modest weight loss occurred by 6 months among intensive-lifestyle participants and was greater than the weight loss among usual-care participants (2.6 kg vs 0.4 kg, P<.01). At 12 months, a greater proportion of intensive-lifestyle participants had lost 2 kg or more than usual-care participants (49% vs 25%, P<.05). No differences in weight change were observed between reimbursable-lifestyle and usual-care participants. Glycated hemoglobin was reduced among all groups (P<.05) but was not different between groups. Conclusions. Improvement in both weight and glycemia was attainable by lifestyle interventions designed for persons who had type 2 diabetes and lived in rural communities. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Promot Educ & Behav, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Womens Studies, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Ctr Res Nutr & Hlth Disparities, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Hlth Outcomes, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Mayer-Davis, EJ (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM mayer@gwm.sc.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU409664-07] NR 32 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1736 EP 1742 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.10.1736 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860AQ UT WOS:000224309900023 PM 15451743 ER PT J AU Richardson, DB Loomis, D Bena, J Bailer, AJ AF Richardson, DB Loomis, D Bena, J Bailer, AJ TI Fatal occupational injury rates in southern and non-southern states, by race and hispanic ethnicity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; MORTALITY; WORK AB Objectives. We investigated fatal occupational injury rates in the United States by race and Hispanic ethnicity during the period 1990-1996. Methods. Fatalities were identified by means of the national traumatic occupational fatalities surveillance system. Fatal occupational injury rates were calculated by race/ethnicity and region using US-census-based workforce estimates. Results. Non-Hispanic Black men in the South had the highest fatal occupational injury rate (8.5 per 100 000 worker-years), followed by Hispanic men in the South (7.9 per 100 000 worker-years). Fatal injury rates for Hispanic men increased over the study period, exceeding rates for non-Hispanic Black men in the latter years of observation. Conclusions. These data suggest a change in the demographics of fatal occupational injuries in the United States. Hispanic men in the South appear to be emerging as the group with the nation's highest unintentional fatal occupational injury rate. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Richardson, DB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, CB 8050,Bank Amer Plaza, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM davad_richardson@unc.edu FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH003910, R01-OH03910] NR 27 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1756 EP 1761 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.10.1756 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860AQ UT WOS:000224309900026 PM 15451746 ER PT J AU Luby, SP Agboatwalla, M Hoekstra, RM Rahbar, MH Billhimer, W Keswick, BH AF Luby, SP Agboatwalla, M Hoekstra, RM Rahbar, MH Billhimer, W Keswick, BH TI Delayed effectiveness of home-based interventions in reducing childhood diarrhea, Karachi, Pakistan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WATER-TREATMENT; SAFE STORAGE; SOAP; PREVENTION; BACTERIA AB We introduced home drinking water disinfection and handwashing with soap in Karachi squatter settlements to evaluate their effect on diarrhea. In April 2000, 150 households received soap, 76 received dilute bleach and a water storage vessel, and 76 were enrolled as controls. In 2000, among households wealthy enough to own a refrigerator, children in households that received bleach and a vessel had a 73% lower incidence of diarrhea than controls; those that received soap had a 56% lower incidence. There was no reduction in diarrhea in intervention households without a refrigerator. In 2001, households that received bleach and a vessel had a 71% lower incidence of diarrhea and children in households that received soap had a 35% lower incidence than controls. In 2001, the interventions were equally effective in households that had a refrigerator and those that did not. Both of these home-based interventions were ultimately effective in preventing diarrhea, but only households of slightly higher socioeconomic status changed their behavior quickly enough to benefit during the first summer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Overseas Cooperat Housing Soc, Hlth Orientated Prevent Educ, Karachi, Pakistan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan State Univ, Inst Hlth Care Studies, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Sharon Woods Tech Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45241 USA. Procter & Gamble, Mason, OH 45040 USA. RP Luby, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sluby@cdc.gov; agboat@gerrys.net; rth6@cdc.gov; Mohammad.Rahbar@ht.msu.edu; billhimer.wl@pg.com; Keswick.bh@pg.com NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 71 IS 4 BP 420 EP 427 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 867CY UT WOS:000224821000009 PM 15516637 ER PT J AU De Rochars, MB Direny, AN Roberts, JM Addiss, DG Radday, J Beach, MJ Streit, TG Dardith, D Lafontant, JG Lammie, PJ AF De Rochars, MB Direny, AN Roberts, JM Addiss, DG Radday, J Beach, MJ Streit, TG Dardith, D Lafontant, JG Lammie, PJ TI Community-wide reduction in prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminths as a collateral benefit of lymphatic filariasis elimination programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPORTANCE; ASCARIS-LUMBRICOIDES; TRICHURIS-TRICHIURA; MASS TREATMENT; ALBENDAZOLE; INFECTIONS; SCHOOLCHILDREN; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; IVERMECTIN; LEVAMISOLE AB Annual mass treatment with antifilarial drugs is the cornerstone of the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF). Although the primary goal of the program is to interrupt transmission of LF, additional public health benefits also are expected because of the known anthelminthic properties of these drugs. Since rapid re-infection with intestinal helminths occurs following treatment, annual de-worming may not be sufficient to produce a lasting reduction in the prevalence and intensity of these infections. We conducted stool examinations in four sentinel communities before and approximately nine months after each of two rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole in the context of an LF elimination program in Leogane, Haiti. At baseline, overall Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworm infection prevalenees were 20.9%, 34.0%, and 11.2%, respectively (n = 2,716 stools). Nine months after the second MDA, Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm prevalences had decreased significantly, to 14.1%, 14.6%, and 2.0%, respectively (n = 814 stools). Infection intensity decreased significantly for all three parasites as well. These results demonstrate that substantial reductions in intestinal helminth infections are associated with mass treatment of filariasis in Haiti and are consistent with the conclusion that high levels of coverage for the LF program can decrease transmission of geohelminths. C1 Hop Ste Croix, Leogane, Haiti. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Trop Dis, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP De Rochars, MB (reprint author), Hop Ste Croix, Leogane, Haiti. EM mbeauder@nd.edu; adireny@nd.edu; jmr1@cdc.gov; dga1@cdc.gov; jradday@hotmail.com; mjb3@cdc.gov; streit1@nd.edu; gastro@hospital-stecroix.org; pjl1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 71 IS 4 BP 466 EP 470 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 867CY UT WOS:000224821000016 PM 15516644 ER PT J AU Hettick, JM Kashon, ML Simpson, JP Siegel, PD Mazurek, GH Weissman, DN AF Hettick, JM Kashon, ML Simpson, JP Siegel, PD Mazurek, GH Weissman, DN TI Proteomic profiling of intact mycobacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; DESORPTION IONIZATION; MICROORGANISM IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLE PREPARATION; WHOLE CELLS; BACTERIA; REPRODUCIBILITY; TUBERCULOSIS AB Current methods for the identification of mycobacteria in culture are time-consuming, requiring as long as 12 weeks for positive identification. One potential approach to rapid mycobacterial identification is to utilize proteomic profiling of cultures by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In this report, we have applied MALDI-TOF MS to proteomic profiling of cultured microorganisms representing six species of the genus Mycobacterium. We find that analysis of acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid cellular extracts produces data similar to that of the analysis of deposited whole cells, while minimizing human contact with the microorganisms and rendering them nonviable. A matrix composition of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid with fructose yields highly reproducible MALDI-TOF spectra. Statistical analysis of MALDI-TOF MS data allows differentiation of each individual mycobacterial species on the basis of unique mass fingerptints. The methodology allows identification of a number of unique (potentially diagnostic) biomarkers as targets for protein identification by MS/MS experiments. In addition, we observe a number of signals common to all mycobacterial species studied by MALDI-TOF MS, which may be genus-specific biomarkers. The potentially genus-specific biomarkers occur at low mass (<2 kDa) and are likely to be lipids and cell wall components such as mycolic acids. This study demonstrates the potential for mass spectrometry-based identification/classification of mycobacteria. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hettick, JM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ayf2@cdc.gov RI Hettick, Justin/E-9955-2010 NR 51 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 19 BP 5769 EP 5776 DI 10.1021/ac049410m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 858UL UT WOS:000224217400039 PM 15456297 ER PT J AU Wang, GJ Pratt, M Macera, CA Zheng, ZJ Heath, G AF Wang, GJ Pratt, M Macera, CA Zheng, ZJ Heath, G TI Physical activity, cardiovascular disease, and medical expenditures in US adults SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; OBESITY; PREVENTION; WOMEN; RISK; INACTIVITY; POLICY; HEALTH; COSTS AB Background: Physical inactivity is an established independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death and disability among U.S. adults. Information on the economic impact of CVD associated with inactivity is lacking, however, although it is needed to attract more resources for preventing CVD and promoting physical activity. Purpose: The objective of this study was to estimate the direct medical expenditures of CVD associated with inactivity. Methods: A population-based analysis of direct medical expenditures was performed by linking the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to the 1995 National Health Interview Survey. The study participants were adults (N = 2,4 72; ages greater than or equal to 19 years; not pregnant) in the noninstitutionalized, civilian population in 1996. Medical expenditures associated with inactivity were derived by comparing the medical expenditures between population groups stratified by physical activity and CVD status. Results: In 1996, the prevalence of physical inactivity was 4 7.5%. The overall prevalence of CVD was 21.5% (16.7% in active persons, 23.6% in in active persons, and 49.5% in persons with physical limitations). In this population, there were 7.3 million CVD cases; 1.1 million of them (15.3%) were associated with inactivity. The total medical expenditure of persons with CVD was $41.3 billion, of which $5.4 billion (13.1%) was associated with inactivity. Applying these percentages to the total health and economic burdens of CVD in the United States, there were 9.2 million CVD cases ($23.7 billion direct medical expenditure) associated with inactivity in 2001. Conclusions: The high economic burden of inactivity-associated CVD demonstrates the need to promote physical activity among U.S. adults. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, GJ (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gbw9@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 28 IS 2 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1207/s15324796abm2802_3 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 858TT UT WOS:000224215500003 PM 15454355 ER PT J AU Lyss, S Couture, E Kroc, K Newman, D Branson, B Weinsteins, RA AF Lyss, S Couture, E Kroc, K Newman, D Branson, B Weinsteins, RA TI Influence of point-of-care rapid HIV tests and additional testing staff on ordering of HIV tests by providers in a large, urban emergency department SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cook Cty Bur Hlth Serv, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 SU S MA 180 BP S56 EP S56 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.07.184 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 859WZ UT WOS:000224300300183 ER PT J AU Richardson, D Wing, S Steenland, K McKelvey, W AF Richardson, D Wing, S Steenland, K McKelvey, W TI Time related aspects of the healthy worker survivor effect SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; healthy worker effect; bias (epidemiology) ID FOLLOW-UP; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; RADIATION; COHORT AB PURPOSE: Health is important for continued employment and therefore continued accrual of occupational exposure; furthermore, steady employment can benefit health. Consequently, bias can occur in estimates of cumulative exposure-mortality associations. This has been called the healthy worker survivor effect (HWSE). The processes associated with the HWSE tend to lead to variation in mortality rates with time-since-termination of employment, most notably a peak in mortality shortly after termination of employment. We use simulations and an empirical example to demonstrate that time-since-termination can be a confounding factor in analyses of occupational-exposure-mortality associations. METHODS: Simulation data were generated for 20,000 workers followed for 40 years under a model of no effect of employment duration (a proxy for cumulative exposure) on mortality. Proportional hazards regression methods were used to quantify exposure-mortality associations and evaluate methods to control for the HWSE. Results were derived after 100 iterations of the simulation, Relationships between employment duration and mortality were also investigated in a cohort of 122,247 male utility workers with adjustments for time since termination. RESULTS: Simulation data show a peak in mortality rates in the first year after termination of employment which declined in magnitude with continued time since termination of employment; average employment duration also declined with time since termination of employment. This led to confounding of cumulative-exposure-mortality associations, with spurious evidence of a positive association between cumulative exposure and mortality in the post-termination period. Adjustment for time-since-termination eliminated this spurious association; in contrast, adjustment for a binary indicator of employment status led to positively-biased relative rate estimates. A similar pattern was observed in analyses of utility worker data. The log relative rate of all cancer mortality is -0.12 +/- 0.03 per decade of employment without adjustment for time-since-termination, and -0.01 +/- 0.03 with adjustment for time-since-termination of employment. CONCLUSIONS: The HWSE can lead to temporal variation in mortality rates that is correlated with cumulative exposure. Under these conditions, adjusting for time-since-termination of employment may reduce bias in estimates of cumulative-exposure-mortality trends more effectively than the commonly-Used method of adjusting for a binary indicator of employment status. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Silent Spring Inst, Newton, MA USA. RP Richardson, D (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, CB 8050,Bank Amer Plaza, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM david_richardson@unc.edu FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH12931] NR 15 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 9 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.09.019 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860HW UT WOS:000224334100002 PM 15380793 ER PT J AU McNabb, SJN Surdo, AM Redmond, A Cobb, J Wiley, J Chakrabarti, S Duncan, H Qualls, N Moore, M AF McNabb, SJN Surdo, AM Redmond, A Cobb, J Wiley, J Chakrabarti, S Duncan, H Qualls, N Moore, M TI Applying a new conceptual framework to evaluate tuberculosis a surveillance and action performance and measure the costs, Hillsborough county, Florida, 2002 SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE surveillance; evaluation; tuberculosis AB PURPOSE: Tuberculosis (TB) elimination is an important US public health goal and improving the performance of TB surveillance and action and reducing the costs will help achieve it. But, there exists the need to better evaluate the performance and measure the costs. METHODS: We pilot tested an evaluation strategy in Hillsborough County, Florida using a conceptual framework of TB surveillance and action with eight core and four support activities. To evaluate performance, we developed indicators and validated their accuracy, usefulness, and measurability. To measure the costs, we obtained financial information. RESULTS: In 2001, Hillsborough County reported 78 (7%) of the 1145 Florida TB cases. Nineteen (24%) were previously arrested. While 13 (68%) of the 19 were incarcerated during the 2 years prior to being reported, only 1 (5%) of 19 was reported from the jail. From 111 TB suspects, 219 (25%) of 894 sputum specimens were inadequately collected. Of the $1.08 million annual budget, 22% went for surveillance, 29% for support, and 49% for action. CONCLUSIONS: This conceptual framework allowed measurement of TB surveillance and action performance and cost. The evaluation performed using it revealed missed opportunities for detection of TB cases and wasted resources. This conceptual framework could serve as a model for evaluation of TB surveillance and action. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Studies Team, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Brach, Div TB Eliminat,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV, STD & TB Prevent, Concord, NH USA. Merck & Co Inc, Lansdale, PA USA. Bur TB & Refugee Hlth, Florida State Hlth Dept, Hillsborough Cty TB Control Program, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP McNabb, SJN (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol Studies Team, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Brach, Div TB Eliminat,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 9 BP 640 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.09.021 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860HW UT WOS:000224334100003 PM 15380794 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA Lentz, TJ Anderson, VP Lamborg, AD AF Schulte, PA Lentz, TJ Anderson, VP Lamborg, AD TI Knowledge management in occupational hygiene: The United States example SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE dissemination; knowledge; management; occupational hygiene; transfer; utilization ID HEALTH; SAFETY; EDUCATION AB Knowledge management is an emerging field focusing on assessing the creation, transfer, and utilization of knowledge to address specific challenges. Generally, knowledge management has described efforts within and between companies to consider knowledge as a manageable asset. In this paper, we suggest that occupational hygiene knowledge can be considered a manageable asset by businesses and that the entire field of occupational hygiene in the USA can be appraised in terms of knowledge management. The knowledge cycle creates a foundation for knowledge management. Knowledge creation (research, recognition and evaluation), transfer (distribution, dissemination and diffusion), and utilization (risk management and control) make up the key elements of the knowledge cycle. Defining and understanding the roles of knowledge cycle elements facilitate the application of knowledge management to problems, systems, and situations in individual companies and in the field of occupational hygiene in general. Examples of current, effective knowledge management practices within occupational hygiene in the USA are described, and recommendations for further utilization of knowledge management principles are also presented. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, MS-C14,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pas4@CDC.gov NR 47 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 48 IS 7 BP 583 EP 594 DI 10.1093/annhyg/meh061 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 863LK UT WOS:000224563000001 PM 15388513 ER PT J AU Mathieu, E Lammie, PJ Radday, J Beach, MJ Streit, T Wendt, J Addiss, DG AF Mathieu, E Lammie, PJ Radday, J Beach, MJ Streit, T Wendt, J Addiss, DG TI Factors associated with participation in a campaign of mass treatment against lymphatic filariasis, in Leogane, Haiti SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELEPHANTIASIS; ALBENDAZOLE; PREVENTION; KNOWLEDGE; BELIEFS; COSTS AB In October 2000, to interrupt transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti, an intense health-education campaign followed by a mass drug administration (MDA) with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole was undertaken in Leogane, Haiti. Three months after the MDA, which was the first in the study area, a knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) survey, with a cluster-sample design and probability sampling, was undertaken, to determine the existing knowledge of the local residents, their attitudes toward the MDA, and the possible reasons for non-compliance. Questionnaire-based interviews were used to explore the KAP of 304 subjects (one randomly chosen resident aged > 14 years from each selected household) in 33 communities. Most (93%) of the interviewees were aware of filariasis and 72% knew at least one clinical sign of the disease. Awareness of the MDA was high (91%). The most frequently mentioned sources of information were other people (56%) and radio announcements (33%). More than 80% of the respondents encouraged other people to take the drugs distributed in the MDA and 63% had been treated. The primary reasons given for failing to take the drugs were absenteeism during the distribution (17%), use of contraceptive drugs (12%) and pregnancy (11 %). In a multivariate analysis, being male [odds ratio (OR) =3.3; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.5-7.4], knowing that a mosquito transmits the disease (OR=2.6; CI=1.2-5.4), and having learned about the MDA through posters and banners (OR= 2.9; CI =1.2-7.5) were found to be positively associated with taking the drugs. Information from such post-treatment surveys should be useful in developing better health communication for subsequent MDA. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Mathieu, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM emm7@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 98 IS 7 BP 703 EP 714 DI 10.1179/000349804X3135 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 864RS UT WOS:000224651200006 PM 15509424 ER PT J AU Dezzutti, CS James, VN Ramos, A Sullivan, ST Siddig, A Bush, TJ Grohskopf, LA Paxton, L Subbarao, S Hart, CE AF Dezzutti, CS James, VN Ramos, A Sullivan, ST Siddig, A Bush, TJ Grohskopf, LA Paxton, L Subbarao, S Hart, CE TI In vitro comparison of topical microbicides for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CELLULOSE-ACETATE PHTHALATE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; VAGINAL TRANSMISSION; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MONKEY MODEL; HIV TYPE-1; NONOXYNOL-9 AB A standardized protocol was used to compare cellular toxicities and anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activities of candidate microbicides formulated for human use. The microbicides evaluated were cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), Carraguard, K-Y plus nonoxynol-9 (K-Y-N9), PRO 2000 (0.5 and 4%), SPL7013 (5%), UC781 (0.1 and 1%), and Vena Gel, along with their accompanying placebos. Products were evaluated for toxicity on cervical and colorectal epithelial cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and macrophages (MPhi) by using an ATP release assay, and they were tested for their effect on transepithelial resistance (TER) of polarized epithelial monolayers. Anti-HIV-1 activity was evaluated in assays for transfer of infectious HIV-1 from epithelial cells to activated PBMCs and for PBMC and MPhi infection. CAP, Carraguard, PRO 2000, SPL7013, and UC781 along with their placebos were 20- to 50-fold less toxic than K-Y-N9 and Vena Gel. None of the nontoxic product concentrations disrupted the TER. Transfer of HIV-1(Ba-L) from epithelial cells to PBMCs and PBMC and MPhi infection with laboratory-adapted HIV-1(Ba-L) and HIV-1(LAI) isolates were inhibited by all products except Carraguard, K-Y-N9, and Vena Gel. K-Y-N9, Vena Gel, and Carraguard were not effective in blocking PBMC infection with primary HIV-1(A), HIV-1(C), and HIV-1(CRF01-AE) isolates. The concordance of these toxicity results with those previously reported indicates that our protocol may be useful for predicting toxicity in vivo. Moreover, our systematic anti-HIV-1 testing provides a rational basis for making better informed decisions about which products to consider for clinical trials. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dezzutti, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdezzutti@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 48 IS 10 BP 3834 EP 3844 DI 10.1128/AAC.48.10.3834-3844.2004 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 858UH UT WOS:000224217000029 PM 15388443 ER PT J AU Patel, AS Talbott, EO Zborowski, JV Rycheck, JA Dell, D Xu, XH Schwerha, J AF Patel, AS Talbott, EO Zborowski, JV Rycheck, JA Dell, D Xu, XH Schwerha, J TI Risk of cancer as a result of community exposure to gasoline vapors SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE benzene; cancer; community; gasoline; leukemia ID LEVEL BENZENE EXPOSURE; LEUKEMIA RISK; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; WORKERS; MORTALITY; BIOMARKERS; PROXIMITY; CHINA AB The Tranguch Gasoline Spill leaked 50,000-900,000 gallons of gasoline from underground storage tanks, potentially exposing an area of Hazle Township and Hazleton, Pennsylvania, to chronic low levels of benzene since at least 1990. A retrospective cohort study of 663 individuals representing 275 households assessed whether affected residents were at increased risk for cancer from 1990-2000 compared with the Pennsylvania populace. Age-adjusted standard incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated using Pennsylvania rates to determine expected numbers. The age-adjusted SIR for the gasoline-affected area was 4.40 (95% confidence interval: 1.09-10.24) for leukemia. These results suggest an association between living within the area affected by the Tranguch Gasoline Spill and increased risk for leukemia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Wyeth Pharmaceut, Collegeville, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Patel, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virginia Dept Hlth, 109 Governor St,Suite 516-E,POB 2448, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. EM app8@cdc.gov OI Talbott, Evelyn/0000-0002-5198-7939 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD OCT PY 2004 VL 59 IS 10 BP 497 EP 503 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 002QX UT WOS:000234627400001 PM 16425659 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Beck, TJ AF Looker, AC Beck, TJ TI Maternal history of osteoporosis and femur geometry SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 20-24, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res DE hip structural geometry; family history; bone mass; DXA ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; HIP AXIS LENGTH; FAMILY-HISTORY; FEMORAL-NECK; RISK-FACTORS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; FRACTURE; MASS; TWIN AB Most studies that have examined the role of skeletal factors in the relationship between an individual's family history of fracture or osteoporosis and their fracture risk have focused on bone density. In this study, we expanded the scope of skeletal factors to include geometric properties (subperiosteal width, section modulus, cortical thickness, and buckling ratio) in addition to areal bone mineral density (BMD). We compared these skeletal factors at the femur neck and shaft by self-reported maternal history of osteoporosis (OP HX) from 5334 non-Hispanic whites, ages greater than or equal to20 years in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-94). A total of 213 men and 315 women reported a positive OP HX (e.g., their biological mother had sustained a hip fracture after age 50 years or had a physician's diagnosis of osteoporosis). Differences in bone density and geometry by OP HX were examined after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Several bone parameters differed significantly by OP HX in both sexes at the femur neck, but none differed at the femur shaft. At the neck, those with a positive OP HX had values that differed by similar to3% to 4% (lower for BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), cross-sectional area, and cortical thickness; higher for buckling ratios) from those with a negative OP HX (P < 0.05). The magnitude of these relationships was similar in both sexes, but differences were greater in younger versus older adults. In conclusion, both men and women with a positive maternal history of osteoporosis may be at greater risk of femur neck fracture owing to thinner cortices and lower BMC, which in turn results in potentially greater cortical instability (buckling ratio) at this skeletal site. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM acl1@cdc.gov FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR44655] NR 47 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 75 IS 4 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s00223-004-0198-6 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 867SW UT WOS:000224863500001 PM 15549641 ER PT J AU Huang, K Whelan, EA Ruder, AM Ward, EM Deddens, JA Davis-King, KE Carreon, T Waters, MA Butler, MA Calvert, GM Schulte, PA Zivkovich, Z Heineman, EF Mandel, JS Morton, RF Reding, DJ Rosenman, KD AF Huang, K Whelan, EA Ruder, AM Ward, EM Deddens, JA Davis-King, KE Carreon, T Waters, MA Butler, MA Calvert, GM Schulte, PA Zivkovich, Z Heineman, EF Mandel, JS Morton, RF Reding, DJ Rosenman, KD CA Brain Canc Collaborative Study Gr TI Reproductive factors and risk of glioma in women SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; BRAIN-TUMORS; UNITED-STATES; ASSOCIATION; HISTORY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREGNANCY; PARITY; AGE AB Objective: Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, responsible for 75% of adult primary malignant brain tumors, yet aside from its association with ionizing radiation, its etiology is poorly understood. Sex differences in brain tumor incidence suggest that hormonal factors may play a role in the etiology of these tumors, but few studies have examined this association in detail. The objective of this study was to explore the role of reproductive factors in the etiology of glioma in women. Method: As part of a population-based case-control study, histologically confirmed primary glioma cases (n = 341 women) diagnosed between January 1, 1995 and January 31, 1997 were identified through clinics and hospitals in four Midwest U.S. states. Controls (n = 527 women) were randomly selected from lists of licensed drivers and Health Care Finance Administration enrollees. In-person interviews with subjects (81%) or their proxies (19%) collected reproductive history and other exposure information. Results: Glioma risk increased with older age at menarche (P for trend = 0.009) but only among postmenopausal women. Compared with women who never breast-fed, women who breast-fed >18 months over their lifetime were at increased risk of glioma (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.9). Women who reported using hormones for symptoms of menopause had a decreased risk of glioma compared with women who never used such hormones (odds ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.5-1.1). Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that reproductive hormones play a role in the etiology of glioma among women. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Industrywide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. St Johns Mercy Med Ctr, Des Moines, IA USA. Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Whelan, EA (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Industrywide Studies Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM EWhelan@cdc.gov RI Carreon, Tania/A-6548-2008; Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 24 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1583 EP 1588 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 861YE UT WOS:000224453700007 PM 15466973 ER PT J AU Rifai, N Cooper, GR Brown, WV Friedewald, W Havel, RJ Myers, GL Warnick, GR AF Rifai, N Cooper, GR Brown, WV Friedewald, W Havel, RJ Myers, GL Warnick, GR TI Clinical Chemistry journal has contributed to progress in lipid and lipoprotein testing for fifty years SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MATERIAL; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; NCEP EXPERT PANEL; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; STANDARDIZATION PROJECT; HUMAN SERUM; PLASMA; ADULTS C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Pacific Biometr Res Fdn, Issaquah, WA USA. RP Rifai, N (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM nader.rifai@tch.harvard.edu RI Friedewald, William/C-8034-2011 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 50 IS 10 BP 1861 EP 1870 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2004.038976 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 857MB UT WOS:000224119800031 PM 15308602 ER PT J AU Chen, N Nelson, KE Jenkins, FJ Suriyanon, V Duerr, A Costello, C Robison, V Jacobson, LP AF Chen, N Nelson, KE Jenkins, FJ Suriyanon, V Duerr, A Costello, C Robison, V Jacobson, LP TI Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 infection in northern Thailand SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; POPULATION; BLOOD; WOMEN AB Background. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS) and KS, classical KS, or endemic KS. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and HIV/AIDS are common in Thailand but KS is very rare ( only 0.2% of reported patients with AIDS in Thailand had KS), we determined the HHV-8 seroprevalence among populations who were HIV positive or at risk of HIV infection. Methods. A total of 992 persons from 2 populations underwent testing for lytic antibodies to HHV-8 using an immunofluorescence assay involving a BCBL-1 cell line at serum dilutions of 1: 50 and 1:100. Serum specimens with positive results were titered to end points. Subjects included similar to400 married couples in which the husband was HIV positive and the wife was HIV positive ( 200 couples) or HIV negative ( 200 couples). In addition, 200 HIV-negative men from a sexually transmitted diseases ( STD) clinic were studied. Results. The antibody prevalence was 24.2% in the total population. The prevalence was higher among HIV-negative men ( 13.0%) but was similar among HIV-positive women (27.9%) and HIV-negative women ( 23.8%). The HHV-8 seroprevalence among wives whose husbands were HIV-1 positive did not differ according to their husband's HHV-8 status. There was no association between HHV- 8 seroprevalence and reported sexual behavior or STD history. Conclusion. Despite the rarity of KS among patients with AIDS in Thailand, HHV- 8 infections are common and do not appear to be frequently transmitted sexually in these populations. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nelson, KE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St,Rm E7132, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM kenelson@jhsph.edu NR 30 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1052 EP 1058 DI 10.1086/424011 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JE UT WOS:000227491600024 PM 15472860 ER PT J AU Waites, KB Talkington, DF AF Waites, KB Talkington, DF TI Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTANTS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CAPTURE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION; PRIMARY ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION AB Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a unique bacterium that does not always receive the attention it merits considering the number of illnesses it causes and the degree of morbidity associated with it in both children and adults. Serious infections requiting hospitalization, while rare, occur in both adults and children and may involve multiple organ systems. The severity of disease appears to be related to the degree to which the host immune response reacts to the infection. Extrapulmonary complications involving all of the major organ systems can occur in association with M. pneumoniae infection as a result of direct invasion and/or autoimmune response. The extrapulmonary manifestations are sometimes of greater severity and clinical importance than the primary respiratory infection. Evidence for this organism's contributory role in chronic lung conditions such as asthma is accumulating. Effective management of M. pneumoniae infections can usually be achieved with macrolides, tetracyclines, or fluoroquinolones. As more is learned about the pathogenesis and immune response elicited by M. pneumoniae, improvement in methods for diagnosis and prevention of disease due to this organism may occur. C1 Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Waites, KB (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Pathol, WP 230,619 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. EM waites@path.uab.edu NR 448 TC 466 Z9 558 U1 12 U2 59 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 EI 1098-6618 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 4 BP 697 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.17.4.697-728.2004 PG 33 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 864ZE UT WOS:000224671100001 PM 15489344 ER PT J AU Pettitt, DJ Bell, R Dabelea, D Dolan, L Imperatore, G Lawrence, JM Liese, AD Liu, LL Waitzfelder, B Rodriguez, BL Hillier, T Pihoker, C Hirsch, I Greenbaum, C Petitti, DB Kershnar, A Hamman, RF Klingensmith, GJ Rewers, M Krakoff, J Nash, PV Smith, CM Standiford, DA Daniels, SR Mayer-Davis, EJ Oeltmann, J Marcovina, S Aldrich, A Morgan, T Hardy, L Vestal, S Linder, B Engelgau, M Kahn, H Narayan, V Saaddine, J Valdez, R Williams, D AF Pettitt, DJ Bell, R Dabelea, D Dolan, L Imperatore, G Lawrence, JM Liese, AD Liu, LL Waitzfelder, B Rodriguez, BL Hillier, T Pihoker, C Hirsch, I Greenbaum, C Petitti, DB Kershnar, A Hamman, RF Klingensmith, GJ Rewers, M Krakoff, J Nash, PV Smith, CM Standiford, DA Daniels, SR Mayer-Davis, EJ Oeltmann, J Marcovina, S Aldrich, A Morgan, T Hardy, L Vestal, S Linder, B Engelgau, M Kahn, H Narayan, V Saaddine, J Valdez, R Williams, D CA SEARCH Study Grp TI SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth: a multicenter study of the prevalence, incidence and classification of diabetes mellitus in youth SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes; children; adolescents; ethnic groups ID ACID DECARBOXYLASE GAD65; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; CHILDREN; AUTOANTIBODIES; ADOLESCENTS; DIAGNOSIS; MINORITY; AMERICAN; TRENDS AB SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth is an observational, multicenter study focusing on physician-diagnosed diabetes in individuals <20 years old. The study will estimate the population prevalence and incidence of diabetes by type, age, gender, and ethnicity and develop practical approaches to diabetes classification in 5 million children (similar to6% of the <20 U.S. population) with wide ethnic and socioeconomic representation from four geographically defined populations and two health plans. An estimated 6000 prevalent and 800 incident diabetes cases per year will be identified with annual follow-up. Cases will be ascertained through clinical and nonclinical resources or partnerships at each site. Data collection involves patient interviews, physical examinations, laboratory measurements (diabetes autoantibodies, fasting/stimulating C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c, blood glucose, lipids, urine albumin, creatinine), medical records reviews, and documentation of risk factors for complications and processes of care. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Sansum Med Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. NW Lipid Res Labs, Seattle, WA USA. NIDDK, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bell, R (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM rbell@wfubmc.edu NR 24 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD OCT PY 2004 VL 25 IS 5 BP 458 EP 471 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2004.08.002 PG 14 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 863YS UT WOS:000224600100004 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Ryan, UM AF Xiao, LH Ryan, UM TI Cryptosporidiosis: an update in molecular epidemiology SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE Cryptosporidium; molecular epidemiology; diagnosis; zoonosis; genotyping; subtyping ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; HETERODUPLEX MOBILITY ASSAY; GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; UNITED-KINGDOM; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; POPULATION-GENETICS; WILDLIFE RODENTS; MOUTH-DISEASE; GENOTYPE-I; PARVUM AB Purpose of review Molecular tools have been developed to detect and differentiate Cryptosporidium at the species/genotype and subtype levels. These tools have been increasingly used in the characterization of the transmission of Cryptosporidium spp. This review addresses the most recent developments in molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis. Recent findings The recent development of subtyping tools has led to better understanding of the population genetics and transmission of Cryptosporidium in humans. The population structure of C. parvum and C. hominis is apparently more complicated than previously suggested, with the likely existence of both clonal and parimictic populations. Thus, the transmission of C. parvum (genotype II) in humans is shown to be different in different areas, with zoonotic transmission important in certain places and anthroponotic transmission in others. The use of molecular tools has also led to the identification of geographic and temporal differences in the transmission of C. parvurn and C. hominis, and better appreciation of the public health importance of other Cryptosporidium species/genotypes and the frequency of infections with mixed genotypes or subtypes. Summary Factors involved in the transmission of human cryptosporidiosis are difficult to examine using conventional methods. The use of molecular tools has been helpful in the assessment of the zoonotic potential of various Cryptasporidium spp. and sources of human infections, and has started to play a significant role in the characterization of transmission dynamic in endemic and epidemic areas. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 22,Rm 14,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 68 TC 178 Z9 195 U1 4 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1097/00001432-200410000-00014 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 865AD UT WOS:000224673700013 PM 15353969 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Giles, WH Mokdad, AH AF Ford, ES Giles, WH Mokdad, AH TI Increasing prevalance of the metabolic syndrome among U.S adults SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; US ADULTS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; AMERICAN-INDIANS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; WEIGHT-LOSS; PREVALENCE AB OBJECTIVE - The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is high amond U.S. adults. Our purpose was to determine whether the prevalence of this syndrome has changed since 1988-1994. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A total of 6,436 men and women age greater than or equal to20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988-1994) and 1,677 participants from NHANES 1999-2000 were included in the analyses. We used the definition of the metabolic syndrome developed by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Eduction Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. RESULTS - The unadjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 23.1% in NHANES III and 26.7% in NHANES 1999-2000 (P = 0.043), and the age adjusted prevalences were 24.1 and 27.0% (P = 0.021) and 2.2% amond men (P = 0.831). Increases in high blood pressure, waist circumference, and hypertriglyceridemia accounted for much of the increase in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, particularly amond women. CONCLUSIONS - The increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is likely to lead to future increases in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. C1 CDCP, Div Adult Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 854 Z9 895 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2444 EP 2449 DI 10.2337/diacare.27.10.2444 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 857KQ UT WOS:000224115700025 PM 15451914 ER PT J AU Morris, A Lundgren, JD Masur, H Walzer, PD Hanson, DL Frederick, T Huang, L Beard, CB Kaplan, JE AF Morris, A Lundgren, JD Masur, H Walzer, PD Hanson, DL Frederick, T Huang, L Beard, CB Kaplan, JE TI Current epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS; CARINII-PNEUMONIA; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; AFRICAN CHILDREN; RISK-FACTORS; AIDS; DEATH AB Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has historically been one of the leading causes of disease among persons with AIDS. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in industrialized nations has brought about dramatic declines in the incidence of AIDS-associated complications, including PCP. In the adult population, the incidence of PCP has significantly decreased, but it remains among the most common AIDS-defining infections. Similar declines have been documented in the pediatric population. In much of the developing world, PCP remains a significant health problem, although its incidence among adults in sub-Saharan Africa has been debated. This review discusses the epidemiology of PCP during the current era of the AIDS epidemic. Although fewer cases of PCP occur in industrialized countries, increasing drug-resistant HIV infections, possible drug-resistant PCP, and the tremendous number of AIDS cases in developing countries make this disease of continued public health importance. C1 Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Copenhagen, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Morris, A (reprint author), 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 911, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM alison.morris@usc.edu OI Lundgren, Jens/0000-0001-8901-7850 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K23 HL072117, K23 HL072117-01A1] NR 45 TC 196 Z9 207 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1713 EP 1720 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200001 PM 15504255 ER PT J AU Ben Beard, C Roux, P Nevez, G Hauser, PM Kovacs, JA Unnasch, TR Lundgren, B AF Ben Beard, C Roux, P Nevez, G Hauser, PM Kovacs, JA Unnasch, TR Lundgren, B TI Strain typing methods and molecular epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MAJOR SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE GENE; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; F-SP HOMINIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE VARIATIONS; CARINII-PNEUMONIA; SP. HOMINIS; SULFONE PROPHYLAXIS; EXPRESSION SITE AB Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) caused by the opportunistic fungal agent Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly P. carinii) continues to cause illness and death in HIV-infected patients. In the absence of a culture system to isolate and maintain live organisms, efforts to type and characterize the organism have relied on polymerase chain reaction-based approaches. Studies using these methods have improved understanding of PCP epidemiology, shedding light on sources of infection, transmission patterns, and potential emergence of antimicrobial resistance. One concern, however, is the lack of guidance regarding the appropriateness of different methods and standardization of these methods, which would facilitate comparing results reported by different laboratories. C1 NCID, CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. St Antoine Univ Hosp, Paris, France. Univ Picardie, Amiens, France. Univ Lausanne Hosp, Lausanne, Switzerland. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Hvidovre Univ Hosp, Hvidovre, Denmark. RP Ben Beard, C (reprint author), NCID, CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM cbeard@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1729 EP 1735 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200003 ER PT J AU Zohrabian, A Meltzer, MI Ratard, R Billah, K Molinari, NA Roy, K Scott, RD Petersen, LR AF Zohrabian, A Meltzer, MI Ratard, R Billah, K Molinari, NA Roy, K Scott, RD Petersen, LR TI West Nile virus economic impact, Louisiana, 2002 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALITIS; BURDEN; EPIDEMIC; MALARIA AB West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause illness in humans ranging from mild fever to encephalitis. In 2002, a total of 4,156 WNV cases were reported in the United States; 329 were in Louisiana. To estimate the economic impact of the 2002 WNV epidemic in Louisiana, we collected data from hospitals, a patient questionnaire, and public offices. Hospital charges were converted to economic costs by using Medicare cost-to-charge ratios. The estimated cost of the Louisiana epidemic was $20.1 million from June 2002 to February 2003, including a $10.9 million cost of illness ($4.4 million medical and $6.5 million nonmedical costs) and a $9.2 million cost of public health response. These data indicate a substantial short-term cost of the WNV disease epidemic in Louisiana. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Zohrabian, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM abz8@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1736 EP 1744 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200004 PM 15504258 ER PT J AU Leong, HN Chan, KP Khan, AS Oon, L Se-Thoe, SY Bai, XL Yeo, D Leo, YS Ang, B Ksiazek, TG Ling, AE AF Leong, HN Chan, KP Khan, AS Oon, L Se-Thoe, SY Bai, XL Yeo, D Leo, YS Ang, B Ksiazek, TG Ling, AE TI Virus-specific RNA and antibody from convalescent-phase SARS patients discharged from hospital SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; CORONAVIRUS; OUTBREAK AB Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In a longitudinal cross-sectional study, we determined the prevalence of virus in bodily excretions and time of seroconversion in discharged patients with SARS. Conjunctival, throat, stool, and urine specimens were collected weekly from 64 patients and tested for SARS-CoV RNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction; serum samples were collected weekly and tested for SARS-CoV antibody with indirect enzyme immunoassay and immunofluorescence assay. In total, 126 conjunctival, 124 throat swab, 116 stool, and 124 urine specimens were analyzed. Five patients had positive stool samples, collected in weeks 5-9. Two patients seroconverted in weeks 7 and 8; the others were seropositive at the first serum sample collection. In this study, 5 (7.8%) of 64 patients continued to shed viral RNA in stool samples only, for up to week 8 of illness. Most seroconversions occurred by week 6 of illness. C1 Tan Tock Seng Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Singapore 308433, Singapore. Singapore Gen Hosp, Singapore 0316, Singapore. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Global Outbreak Alert & Responce Network, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Leong, HN (reprint author), Tan Tock Seng Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore. EM hoe_nam@yahoo.com.sg OI Yeo, Poh Shuan Daniel/0000-0002-6947-1068 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1745 EP 1750 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200005 PM 15504259 ER PT J AU Liang, GD Chen, QX Xu, JG Liu, YF Lim, W Peiris, JSM Anderson, LJ Ruan, L Li, H Kan, B Di, B Cheng, P Chan, KH Erdman, DD Gu, SY Yan, XG Liang, WL Zhou, DH Haynes, L Duan, SM Zhang, X Zheng, H Gao, Y Tong, SX Li, DX Fang, L Qin, PZ Xu, WB AF Liang, GD Chen, QX Xu, JG Liu, YF Lim, W Peiris, JSM Anderson, LJ Ruan, L Li, H Kan, B Di, B Cheng, P Chan, KH Erdman, DD Gu, SY Yan, XG Liang, WL Zhou, DH Haynes, L Duan, SM Zhang, X Zheng, H Gao, Y Tong, SX Li, DX Fang, L Qin, PZ Xu, WB CA SARS Diagnosis Working Grp TI Laboratory diagnosis of four recent sporadic cases of community-acquired SARS, Guangdong Province, China SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; CORONAVIRUS; ASSAY AB Four cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) that occurred from December 16, 2003, to January 8, 2004, in the city of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, were investigated. Clinical specimens collected from these patients were tested by provincial and national laboratories in China as well as members of the World Health Organization SARS Reference and Verification Laboratory Network in a collaborative effort to identify and confirm SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Although SARS-CoV was not isolated from any patient, specimens from three patients were positive for viral RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay and all patients had detectable rises in SARS-CoV-specific antibodies. This study shows the effectiveness of a collaborative multilaboratory response to diagnose SARS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Hong Kong Dept Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Queen Mary Hosp, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Anderson, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lja2@cdc.gov RI Gao, Yang/C-7825-2009 NR 22 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1774 EP 1781 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200009 PM 15504263 ER PT J AU Mumma, GA Griffin, PF Meltzer, MI Braden, CR Tauxe, RV AF Mumma, GA Griffin, PF Meltzer, MI Braden, CR Tauxe, RV TI Egg quality assurance programs and egg-associated Salmonella Enteritidis infections, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB A Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis epidemic in the United States began in 1978, spread to much of the country in the following decade, and began declining in 1996. We examined correlations between annual changes in S. Enteritidis incidence in humans and introductions of egg quality assurance programs (EQAPs) in some states to reduce S. Enteritidis contamination of eggs. Before EQAPs, 62% of the changes in S. Enteritidis incidence were higher than the baseline for each state. After EQAPs, 73%-84% of the changes were below the baseline. Regression analysis showed that a 1% increase in the number of eggs produced under an EQAP was associated with a 0.14% decrease in S. Enteritidis incidence (p < 0.05). These data indicate that EQAPs probably played a major role in reducinq S. Enteritidis illness in these states. C1 CDC, Prevent Effectivness Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mumma, GA (reprint author), CDC, Prevent Effectivness Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop K73, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gjm4@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1782 EP 1789 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200010 PM 15504264 ER PT J AU Cogo, PE Scaglia, M Gatti, S Rossetti, F Alaggio, R Laverda, AM Zhou, L Xiao, LH Visvesvara, GS AF Cogo, PE Scaglia, M Gatti, S Rossetti, F Alaggio, R Laverda, AM Zhou, L Xiao, LH Visvesvara, GS TI Fatal Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis, Italy SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENIC NAEGLERIA; ACANTHAMOEBA; SPA AB We report the first case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis in Italy, in a 9-year-old boy. Clinical course was fulminant, and diagnosis was made by identifying amebas in stained brain sections and by indirect immunofluorescence analysis. Naegleria fowleri was characterized as genotype I on the basis of polymerase chain reaction test results. C1 Univ Padua, Dept Pediat, Padua, Italy. Univ Pavia, IRCCS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Hosp Monselice, Padua, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cogo, PE (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Pediat, Padua, Italy. EM cogo@pediatria.unipd.it RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1835 EP 1837 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200018 PM 15504272 ER PT J AU Durand, AM Kuartei, S Togamae, I Sengebau, M Demma, L Nicholson, W O'Leary, M AF Durand, AM Kuartei, S Togamae, I Sengebau, M Demma, L Nicholson, W O'Leary, M TI Scrub typhus in the republic of Palau, Micronesia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; CHIGGERS; AUSTRALIA; DISEASES; FOCUS AB In October 2001, an outbreak of febrile illness began in the southwest islands group of the Republic of Palau. Through October 2003, a total of 15 southwest islanders experienced fever >39.5 degreesC and abdominal distress, both lasting >7days. Orientia tsutsugamushi, the agent of scrub typhus, was subsequently identified as the cause. C1 Dept Hlth Serv, Colonia, Yap, Micronesia. Minist Hlth, Koror, Palau. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Pacific Isl Hlth Officer Assoc, Agatna, GU USA. RP Durand, AM (reprint author), POB 1471, Colonia 96943, Yap, Micronesia. EM durand@mail.fm NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1838 EP 1840 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200019 PM 15504273 ER PT J AU Noviello, S Gello, R Kelly, M Limberger, RJ DeAngelis, K Cain, L Wallace, B Dumas, N AF Noviello, S Gello, R Kelly, M Limberger, RJ DeAngelis, K Cain, L Wallace, B Dumas, N TI Laboratory-acquired brucellosis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MELITENSIS; OUTBREAK; WORKERS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION AB We report two laboratory-acquired Brucella melitensis infections that were shown to be epidemiologically related. Blood culture isolates were initially misidentified because of variable Gram stain results, which led to misdiagnoses and subsequent laboratory exposures. Notifying laboratory personnel who unknowingly processed cultures from brucellosis patients is an important preventive measure. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. St Agnes Hosp, White Plains, NY USA. RP Noviello, S (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Empire State Plaza,Corning Tower Bldg,Room 651, Albany, NY 12237 USA. EM bjw07@health.state.ny.us NR 15 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1848 EP 1850 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200022 PM 15504276 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Hunter, SB Bidol, SA Dietrich, S Kincaid, J Salehi, E Nicholson, L Genese, CA Todd-Weinstein, S Marengo, L Kimura, AC Brooks, JT AF Gupta, A Hunter, SB Bidol, SA Dietrich, S Kincaid, J Salehi, E Nicholson, L Genese, CA Todd-Weinstein, S Marengo, L Kimura, AC Brooks, JT TI Escherichia coli O157 cluster evaluation SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; STRAINS; OUTBREAK AB We investigated a multistate cluster of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtyping, using a single enzyme, suggested an epidemiologic association. An investigation and additional subtyping, however, did not support the association. Confirming E. coli O157 clusters with two or more restriction endonucleases is necessary before public health resources are allocated to follow-up investigations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Snr Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Gupta, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, 1830 E Monument St,Room 450E, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM agupta25@jhmi.edu NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1856 EP 1858 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200024 PM 15504278 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DD Gershman, K Jensen, B Arduino, MJ Yakrus, MA Cooksey, RC Srinivasan, A AF Ferguson, DD Gershman, K Jensen, B Arduino, MJ Yakrus, MA Cooksey, RC Srinivasan, A TI Mycobacterium goodii infections associated with surgical implants at Colorado Hospital SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION FRAGMENT PATTERNS; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAKS; DNA; DISINFECTANTS; CHELONAE AB From February to October 2003, Mycobacterium goodii wound infections were identified among three patients who received surgical implants at a Colorado hospital. This report summarizes the investigation of the first reported nosocomial outbreak of M. goodii. Increased awareness is needed about the potential for nontuberculous mycobacteria to cause postoperative wound infections. C1 Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Communicable Dis Epidemiol, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ferguson, DD (reprint author), Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Communicable Dis Epidemiol, 4300 Cherry Creek Dr S, Denver, CO 80246 USA. EM dayna.ferguson@state.co.us FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU812430] NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1868 EP 1871 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200027 PM 15504281 ER PT J AU Rice, EW Rose, LJ Johnson, CH Boczek, LA Arduino, MJ Reasoner, DJ AF Rice, EW Rose, LJ Johnson, CH Boczek, LA Arduino, MJ Reasoner, DJ TI Boiling and Bacillus spores SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID WATER C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rice, EW (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rice.gene@epa.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1887 EP 1888 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200038 PM 15515252 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Molecular techniques and the true content of reality SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, NCID, OD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), CDC, NCID, OD, MS D61,1600 CLifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1892 EP 1893 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200041 PM 15526405 ER PT J AU Lawson, CC Schnorr, TM Whelan, EA Deddens, JA Dankovic, DA Piacitelli, LA Sweeney, MH Connally, LB AF Lawson, CC Schnorr, TM Whelan, EA Deddens, JA Dankovic, DA Piacitelli, LA Sweeney, MH Connally, LB TI Paternal occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and birth outcomes of offspring: birth weight, preterm delivery, and birth defects SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE birth defects; birth weight; congenital anomalies; dioxin; occupation; paternal exposure; preterm birth; TCDD ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; VIETNAM VETERANS; THYROID-FUNCTION; SERUM DIOXIN; VALIDITY; EVENTS; WOMEN AB Agent Orange is a phenoxy herbicide that was contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We studied pregnancy outcomes among wives of male chemical workers who were highly exposed to chemicals contaminated with TCDD and among wives of nonexposed neighborhood referents. For exposed pregnancies, we estimated serum TODD concentration at the time of conception using a pharmacokinetic model. The mean TCDD concentration for workers' births was 254 pg/g lipid (range, 3-16,340 pg/g). The mean referent concentration of 6 pg/g was assigned to pregnancies fathered by workers before exposure. A total of 1,117 live singleton births of 217 referent wives and 176 worker wives were included. Only full-term births were included in the birth weight analysis (? 37 weeks of gestation). Mean birth weight among full-term babies was similar among referents' babies (n = 604), preexposure workers' babies (n = 221), and exposed workers' babies (n = 292) (3,420, 3,347, and 3,442 g, respectively). Neither continuous nor categorical TCDD concentration had an effect on birth weight for term infants after adjustment for infant sex, mother's education, parity, prenatal cigarette smoking, and gestation length. An analysis to estimate potential direct exposure of the wives during periods of workers' exposure yielded a nonstatistically significant increase in infant birth weight of 130 g in the highest exposure group (TCDD concentration > 254 pg/g) compared with referents (p = 0.09). Mothers' reports of preterm delivery showed a somewhat protective association with paternal TCDD (log) concentration (odds ratio = 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-1.1). We also include descriptive information on reported birth defects. Because the estimated TCDD concentrations in this population were much higher than in other studies, the results indicate that TCDD is unlikely to increase the risk of low birth weight or preterm delivery through a paternal mechanism. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Global Hlth Affairs, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Lawson, CC (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM CJL9@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 112 IS 14 BP 1403 EP 1408 DI 10.1289/ehp.7051 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 860JG UT WOS:000224337900036 PM 15471733 ER PT J AU McGeehin, MA Qualters, JR Niskar, AS AF McGeehin, MA Qualters, JR Niskar, AS TI National Environmental Public Health Tracking Program: Bridging the information gap SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE environmental monitoring; environmental public health surveillance; information system integration; tracking ID SURVEILLANCE AB In January 2001 the Pew Environmental Health Commission called for the creation of a coordinated public health system to prevent disease in the United States by tracking and combating environmental health threats. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated the Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT) Program to integrate three distinct components of hazard monitoring and exposure and health effects surveillance into a cohesive tracking network. Uniform and acceptable data standards, easily understood case definitions, and improved communication between health and environmental agencies are just a few of the challenges that must be addressed for this network to be effective. The nascent EPHT program is attempting to respond to these challenges by drawing on a wide range of expertise from federal agencies, state health and environmental agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and the program's academic Centers of Excellence. In this mini-monograph, we present innovative strategies and methods that are being applied to the broad scope of important and complex environmental public health problems by, developing EPHT programs. The data resulting from this program can be used to identify areas and populations most likely to be affected by environmental contamination and to provide important information on the health and environmental status of communities. EPHT will develop valuable data on possible associations between the environment and the risk of noninfectious health effects. These data can be used to reduce the burden of adverse health effects on the American public. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McGeehin, MA (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS F52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmcgeehin@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 112 IS 14 BP 1409 EP 1413 DI 10.1289/ehp.7144 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 860JG UT WOS:000224337900037 PM 15471734 ER PT J AU Dayan, GH Rodriguez, R Vinje, J Vasconez, N Caceres, V Gregoricus, N Sobsey, M Landaverde, M AF Dayan, GH Rodriguez, R Vinje, J Vasconez, N Caceres, V Gregoricus, N Sobsey, M Landaverde, M TI Assessment of areas at increased risk for poliovirus circulation in Ecuador SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; WILD POLIOVIRUS; ERADICATION; NETHERLANDS; COMMUNITY; OUTBREAK; SURVEILLANCE; VACCINATION; CHALLENGES; PROGRESS AB To assess areas at risk for poliovirus circulation in Ecuador, we first selected provinces at highest risk based on low immunization coverage with three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine, and a low number of reported cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Subsequently, we reviewed discharge data for the period 1996-2000 for diagnoses compatible with AFP in the only two national referral hospitals in Quito, and at least two main hospitals in each of the six selected provinces. Environmental samples from one or two cities/towns in each selected province were tested for poliovirus. Of the 14 identified AFP-compatible cases, 8 (57 %) had been previously reported and investigated. We visited four out of the six unreported cases; none of those four had sequelae compatible with poliomyelitis. From the 14 environmental samples taken, we identified Sabin viruses in six of the samples; no vaccine-derived polioviruses were isolated. Using this methodology, we found no evidence of undetected poliovirus circulation in Ecuador. C1 Natl Immunizat Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Quito, Ecuador. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Expanded Programme Immunizat, Minist Publ Hlth, Quito, Ecuador. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. RP Dayan, GH (reprint author), Natl Immunizat Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gdayan@cdc.gov OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 132 IS 5 BP 787 EP 795 DI 10.1097/s0950268804002626 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 861FF UT WOS:000224400800003 PM 15473140 ER PT J AU Sivapalasingam, S Hoekstra, RM McQuiston, JR Fields, PI Tauxe, RV AF Sivapalasingam, S Hoekstra, RM McQuiston, JR Fields, PI Tauxe, RV TI Salmonella bacteriuria: an increasing entity in elderly women in the United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; PATHOGENICITY ISLANDS; CLINICAL SPECTRUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIRULENCE AB Salmonellosis is a major cause of gastroenteritis in the United States and can lead to septicaemia, and other extra-intestinal illness including urinary tract infections (UTIs). To examine trends in Salmonella bacteriuria in the United States, surveillance data from the National Salmonella Surveillance System from 1980 to the end of 1999 were reviewed. Overall, 17 442 urinary Salmonella isolates were reported, representing 2 % of all Salmonella isolates from a known source. This proportion increased from 2 % during 1980-1984 to 4 % during 1995-1999. The median age of persons from whom these isolates came was 51 years; 12 176 (70 %) were women. Compared to the last national survey conducted between 1968 and 1979, the rate of Salmonella bacteriuria increased among women, from 2.0 per million persons in 1980 to 3.7 in 1999; the highest rate occurring in women greater than or equal to 70 years. National reporting of Salmonella bacteriuria increased in absolute incidence and as a proportion of all Salmonella, especially in elderly women and may represent an increase in the incidence of Salmonella UTIs. Better understanding of the uropathogenicity of Salmonella serotypes may further clarify the mechanisms of Salmonella UTIs. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10016 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Biostat & Informat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sivapalasingam, S (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 550 1St Ave,C&D Bldg,Rm 558, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM sumathi@att.net NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 132 IS 5 BP 897 EP 902 DI 10.1017/S0950268804002717 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 861FF UT WOS:000224400800016 PM 15473153 ER PT J AU Tegbaru, B Messele, T Wolday, D Meles, H Tesema, D Birhanu, H Tesfaye, G Bond, KB Martin, R Rayfield, MA Wuhib, T Fekadu, M AF Tegbaru, B Messele, T Wolday, D Meles, H Tesema, D Birhanu, H Tesfaye, G Bond, KB Martin, R Rayfield, MA Wuhib, T Fekadu, M TI Evaluation of rapid HIV test kits on whole blood and development of rapid testing algorithm for voluntary testing and counseling centers in Ethiopia SO ETHIOPIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGIC TESTS; ON-SITE; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; ASSAYS; UGANDA AB Five simple and rapid HIV antibody detection assays viz. Determine, Capillus, Oraquick, Unigold and Hemastrip were evaluated to examine their performance and to develop an alternative rapid test based testing algorithm for voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) in Ethiopia. All the kits were tested on it-hole blood, plasma and serum. The evaluation had three phases: Primary lab review, piloting at point of service and implementation. This report includes the results of the first two phases. A total of 2,693 specimens (both whole blood and plasma) were included in the evaluation. Results were compared to double Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) system. Discordant EIA results were resolved using Western Blot. The assays had very good sensitivities and specificities, 99-100%, at the two different phases of the evaluation. A 98-100% result agreement was obtained from those tested at VCT centers and National Referral Laboratory for AIDS (NRLA), in the quality control phase of the evaluation. A testing strategy yielding 100% [95% CI; 98.9-100.0] sensitivity was achieved by the sequential use of the three rapid test kits. Direct cost comparison showed serial testing algorithm reduces the cost of testing by over 30% compared to parallel testing in the current situation. Determine, Capillus/Oraquick (presence/absence of refrigeration) and Unigold were recommended as screening, confirmation and tiebreaker tests, respectively. C1 Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, NRLA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, ENARP, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Red Cross Soc, NBB, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tegbaru, B (reprint author), Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, NRLA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ETHIOPIAN MED ASSN PI ADDIS ABABA PA P O BOX 2179, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA SN 0014-1755 J9 ETHIOPIAN MED J JI Ethiop. Med. J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 267 EP 276 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 918BW UT WOS:000228514300006 PM 16122118 ER PT J AU Wold, JL Williams, A Spencer, L Jakeway, C McCombs, J AF Wold, JL Williams, A Spencer, L Jakeway, C McCombs, J TI Teaching the public health core competency of policy development to baccalaureate student nurses SO FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE baccalaureate education; policy development; population focused practice; population health; public health nursing AB Teaching the public health core competency of policy development to baccalaureate student nurses was the purpose of this project. This project was implemented through interdisciplinary collaboration of one innovative state health district and the faculty of a large, urban university. Through education in the core competency of policy development, attention to one county's assessed health needs was introduced to its county board of health with the goal of influencing health policy regarding those needs. Data obtained have continued to be used by this county in health planning and grant writing activities and have been built upon by other student groups. C1 Georgia State Univ, Byrdine F Lewis Sch Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Off Nursing, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Involvement Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wold, JL (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Byrdine F Lewis Sch Nursing, POB 4019, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM jwold@gsu.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0160-6379 J9 FAM COMMUNITY HEALTH JI Fam. Community Health PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 308 EP 315 PG 8 WC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 854UD UT WOS:000223928000006 PM 15602321 ER PT J AU Frazier, LM Grainger, DA Schieve, LA Toner, JP AF Frazier, LM Grainger, DA Schieve, LA Toner, JP TI Follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol levels independently predict the success of assisted reproductive technology treatment SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-and-Perinatal-Epidemiology-Research CY JUN 12-13, 2001 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Pediat Perinatal Epidemiol DE ovarian aging; FSH; E-2; pregnancy rate; IVF; infertility; sublecundity ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; OVARIAN HYPERSTIMULATION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; RECOMBINANT FSH; WOMEN; AGE; CYCLES; PERFORMANCE; RATES AB Objective: To evaluate the relationship between early follicular phase levels of FSH and E-2 and outcomes of therapy with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: ART centers in the United States. Patient(s): Women receiving 19,682 ART procedures performed in 135 clinics. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Rates of clinical pregnancy, live birth delivery, and high ovarian response (greater than or equal to10 oocytes retrieved after stimulation). Result(s): The ratio of each FSH or E-2 value to the respective upper limit of normal value for the clinic was computed. Within each age group, rates of pregnancy, live birth, and high ovarian response decreased linearly as FSH levels increased. For example, among women 35 years of age and younger, pregnancy rates (PR) ranged from 41.1% (FSH ratio 0-0.5) to 18.5% (FSH ratio >2.0). The three outcomes exhibited a similar downward trend as E-2 ratios increased. When both hormone ratios were elevated, outcomes were least favorable. These relationships remained statistically significant after we adjusted for diagnosis, number of embryos transferred, previous births, previous ART therapy, and use of GIFT, zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or assisted hatching. Conclusion(s): The FSH and E-2 ratios predict ART success independent of age and other clinical prognostic factors. (C)2004 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine. C1 Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Roberts Res Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Wichita, KS 67214 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Ctr Reprod Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Frazier, LM (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Roberts Res Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Wichita, KS 67214 USA. EM lfrazier@kumc.edu NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 82 IS 4 BP 834 EP 840 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.02.144 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 862UO UT WOS:000224516800015 PM 15482756 ER PT J AU Rose, CE Clutter, ML Shiver, BD Hall, DB Borders, B AF Rose, CE Clutter, ML Shiver, BD Hall, DB Borders, B TI A generalized methodology for developing whole-stand survival models SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE survival analysis; hazard function; differential equation ID WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION; PINE PLANTATIONS; MORTALITY AB A large source of variability in yield predictions is due to estimation of future surviving trees per unit area. Previous whole-stand survival modeling efforts have concentrated on modeling the empirical survival curve. Modeling hazard functions, an approach to survival analysis commonly used in fields such as medicine and sociology, can be applicable to plantation survival estimation. We offer a generalized method for deriving whole-stand survival models that are capable of modeling complex underlying hazard functions. We use our knowledge of the empirical hazard function to limit our selection to appropriate functions. Integrating selected functions results in initial condition difference equations that, when fitted to our data, provide biologically reasonable whole-stand survival predictions and adequately represent the underlying hazard function. Our method is relatively easy to implement and can model a whole-stand survival curve with a complex underlying hazard function. C1 CDC, Anthrax Vaccine Safety Team, BVPDB, ESD,NIP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Rose, CE (reprint author), CDC, Anthrax Vaccine Safety Team, BVPDB, ESD,NIP, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cvr7@cdc.gov; mclutter@smokey.forestry.uga.edu; shiver@smokey.forestry.uga.edu; dhall@stat.uga.edu; bborders@arches.uga.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 50 IS 5 BP 686 EP 695 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 874SC UT WOS:000225369100011 ER PT J AU Stevens, J AF Stevens, J TI Science-based effective fall prevention interventions - A resource for practitioners SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 SI 1 BP 187 EP 187 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 875YJ UT WOS:000225458800526 ER PT J AU Logsdon, R Buchner, D Teri, L AF Logsdon, R Buchner, D Teri, L TI Behavioral approaches to promoting health and independence for high-risk elders SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 SI 1 BP 224 EP 224 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 875YJ UT WOS:000225458800617 ER PT J AU Krum, J Buchner, D Brown, D AF Krum, J Buchner, D Brown, D TI Characteristics of older adults who engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity - BRFSS 2001 SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 SI 1 BP 288 EP 288 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 875YJ UT WOS:000225458801143 ER PT J AU Anderson, W Coleman, M Wirth, K Honeycutt, A AF Anderson, W Coleman, M Wirth, K Honeycutt, A TI Definitions and costs of hospital standing orders programs for immunization against influenza and pneumococcal disease SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 SI 1 BP 313 EP 313 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 875YJ UT WOS:000225458801219 ER PT J AU Han, B Remsburg, R Goulding, M Lubitz, J AF Han, B Remsburg, R Goulding, M Lubitz, J TI Payment source and length of use among home health agency discharges SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 SI 1 BP 344 EP 344 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 875YJ UT WOS:000225458801303 ER PT J AU Prohaska, T Buchner, D AF Prohaska, T Buchner, D TI The development of evidence based recommendations for exercise for older adults: Results from the Evidence Base for Exercise in Older Adults (EBEOA) study SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Hlth Res & Policy Ctr, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 SI 1 BP 537 EP 537 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 875YJ UT WOS:000225458802299 ER PT J AU Evatt, BL Black, C Batorova, A Street, A Srivastava, A AF Evatt, BL Black, C Batorova, A Street, A Srivastava, A TI Comprehensive care for haemophilia around the world SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Congress of the World-Federation-of-Hemophilia CY OCT 17-21, 2004 CL Bangkok, THAILAND SP World Federat Hemophilia DE comprehensive care; developing world; developed world ID MALES; THERAPY; PROGRAM; HEALTH AB Comprehensive haemophilia care has been defined as the continuing supervision of all medical and psychosocial factors affecting the person with haemophilia family. Services offered by haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) adopting the comprehensive care model include establishing prophylaxis and other treatment protocols, development of psychosocial, education and research programme, maintenance of a patient registry, genetic and reference diagnostic services and orchestration and management of a wide variety of multidisciplinary interventions. Most centres practising this model of care are based in developed countries and can meet costs for plentiful treatment products through government or insurance-company funding. Not all the programmes are dependent on the level of product supply, however, and many have been supported in countries with emerging economies as part of national healthcare systems, particularly in relation to blood management. In this paper we present perspectives from different areas of the world on how to adopt, adapt and achieve economically appropriate models of comprehensive care. C1 Alfred Hosp, Ronald Sawers Hemophilia Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilit, Atlanta, GA USA. World Federat Hemophilia, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Hosp Bratislava, Natl Hemophilia Ctr, Inst Hematol & Blood Transfus, Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Street, A (reprint author), Alfred Hosp, Ronald Sawers Hemophilia Ctr, Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. EM a.street@alfred.org.au NR 19 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 SU 4 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2004.01010.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 885FV UT WOS:000226143400002 PM 15479365 ER PT J AU Farrugia, A Manno, CS Evatt, BL AF Farrugia, A Manno, CS Evatt, BL TI Emerging and receding risks of therapeutic regimens for haemophilia SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Congress of the World-Federation-of-Hemophilia CY OCT 17-21, 2004 CL Bangkok, THAILAND SP World Federat Hemophilia DE adverse events; haemophilia; new therapies risks; viruses ID FACTOR-VIII; INHIBITOR DEVELOPMENT; GENE-TRANSFER; VECTOR; MALES AB During the past two decades, the improvement of therapeutic agents for the management of haemophilia has created the opportunity for individuals with haemophilia to live normal lives. However, in some instances, the progress made has been accompanied by emergence of unexpected risks and other new complications. A number of viruses have either emerged, or become greater risks to people with haemophilia. In addition, the drive of many countries towards self-suffiency in blood products may in fact be endangering people with haemophilia by restricting blood donation to a pool of donors with high infection risk, discouraging commercial interests from developing safer products, and discouraging use of 'foreign' products even where that may be the safer option. Gene therapy for haemophilia, although an encouraging new treatment, has brought with it a number of adverse events, including risk of virus infection and development of carcinomas. The risk of inhibitors is still the most important problem for people with haemophilia, and a recent report showed that the type of factor concentrate does not impact significantly on this risk. Despite the advent of new and promising treatments for haemophilia, heathcare providers must be alert to new risks posed by them. C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Evatt, BL (reprint author), 2094 Valiant Dr,NE, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM bevatt@mindspring.com NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 SU 4 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2004.01006.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 885FV UT WOS:000226143400009 PM 15479372 ER PT J AU Armstrong, GL Simard, EP Wasley, A McQuillan, GM Kuhnert, WL Alter, MJ AF Armstrong, GL Simard, EP Wasley, A McQuillan, GM Kuhnert, WL Alter, MJ TI The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States, 1999-2002. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. RI Simard, Edgar/G-4552-2010 OI Simard, Edgar/0000-0001-8093-2067 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 SU 1 BP 176A EP 176A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 857FR UT WOS:000224102100033 ER PT J AU Leyden, WA Murphy, RC Bell, BP Terrault, NA Manos, MM AF Leyden, WA Murphy, RC Bell, BP Terrault, NA Manos, MM TI A comprehensive assessment of chronic liver disease deaths reveals limitations of statistics based on standard methods. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 SU 1 BP 176A EP 177A PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 857FR UT WOS:000224102100035 ER PT J AU Christensen, C Bruden, D Livingston, S Williams, J Homan, C Hennessy, T Deubner, H Sullivan, D Gretch, D McMahon, B AF Christensen, C Bruden, D Livingston, S Williams, J Homan, C Hennessy, T Deubner, H Sullivan, D Gretch, D McMahon, B TI Barriers to treatment of hepatitis C in Alaska natives SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. CDC, Artic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 SU 1 BP 347A EP 347A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 857FR UT WOS:000224102100424 ER PT J AU Lu, L Nakano, T He, YS Robertson, BH Hagedorn, CH AF Lu, L Nakano, T He, YS Robertson, BH Hagedorn, CH TI Predominance of closely related HCV subtype 1b isolates throughout china and existence of new genotype 6 variants in southern China. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. Ichinomiya Nishi Hosp, Aichi, Japan. Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 SU 1 BP 413A EP 413A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 857FR UT WOS:000224102100575 ER PT J AU Kamili, S Li, XF Fattom, A Sapan, C Krawczynski, K AF Kamili, S Li, XF Fattom, A Sapan, C Krawczynski, K TI Molecular analysis of HCV E1E2 envelope region during experimental HCV infection in chimpanzees. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NABI Pharmaceut Inc, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 SU 1 BP 440A EP 441A PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 857FR UT WOS:000224102100640 ER PT J AU Billah, K Goldstein, S Bower, W Margolis, H AF Billah, K Goldstein, S Bower, W Margolis, H TI Inpatient costs of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States, 1993-2001 SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 SU 1 BP 717A EP 717A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 857FR UT WOS:000224102101273 ER PT J AU Hwang, LY Kramer, JR Troisi, CL Bull, L Grimes, CZ Lyerla, R Alter, MJ AF Hwang, LY Kramer, JR Troisi, CL Bull, L Grimes, CZ Lyerla, R Alter, MJ TI Cosmetic procedures and illegal intranasal drug use are not independently related to hepatitis C virus infection in young adults in the United States. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 SU 1 BP 727A EP 727A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 857FR UT WOS:000224102101295 ER PT J AU Garfein, RS Bower, WA Loney, CM Hutin, YJF Xia, GL Jawanda, J Groom, AV Nainan, OV Murphy, JS Bell, BP AF Garfein, RS Bower, WA Loney, CM Hutin, YJF Xia, GL Jawanda, J Groom, AV Nainan, OV Murphy, JS Bell, BP TI Factors associated with fulminant liver failure during an outbreak among injection drug users with acute hepatitis B SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORE PROMOTER; ACETAMINOPHEN HEPATOTOXICITY; VIRAL REPLICATION; VIRUS GENOMES; UNITED-STATES; PRECORE; MUTATIONS; EPIDEMIC; SEQUENCE; ECSTASY AB Death related to acute hepatitis B occurs in approximately 1% of patients. We investigated an outbreak of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections among injection drug users (IDUs) resulting in several deaths. We conducted a case-control study of fulminant (case patients) and nonfulminant (control patients) HBV infections. We directly sequenced the entire HBV genome from fulminant and nonfulminant cases. From October 1998 to July 2000, 21 acute HBV infections, including 10 fulminant hepatitis B cases, were identified. The median age was 30 (range, 18-49) years, 12 (57%) were female, 20 (95%) were American Indians, and 20 (95%) reported injecting illicit drugs. All patients with fulminant hepatitis B died (case-fatality rate=47.6%). Case patients (n=5) and control patients (n=9) were similar with respect to age, sex, race, and hepatitis C virus serostatus. All case patients used acetaminophen during their illness compared with 44% of control patients (P=.08). Compared with control patients, case patients lost more weight in the 6 months before illness (P=.04); during their illness, they used more alcohol (P=.03) and methamphetamine (P=.04). All 9 isolates sequenced were genotype D, shared 99.7% homology, and included mutations previously described in association with fulminant hepatitis B. In conclusion, a high prevalence of exposure to factors potentiating hepatic damage with acute hepatitis B contributed to the outbreak's high mortality rate; mutations present in the outbreak strain might also have been a factor. Improved vaccination coverage among IDUs has the potential to prevent similar outbreaks in the future. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30017 USA. Cascade City Hlth Dept, Great Falls, MT USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Headquarters W, Albuquerque, NM USA. Montana Dept Publ Hlth & Human Serv, Helena, MT USA. RP Bower, WA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G37, Atlanta, GA 30017 USA. EM rgarfein@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 865 EP 873 DI 10.1002/hep.20383 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 857AX UT WOS:000224088800013 PM 15382123 ER PT J AU Fields, LE Burt, VL Cutler, JA Hughes, J Roccella, EJ Sorlie, P AF Fields, LE Burt, VL Cutler, JA Hughes, J Roccella, EJ Sorlie, P TI The burden of adult hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000 - A rising tide SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE hypertension, detection and control; blood pressure ID HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; SODIUM; HEALTH; PREVALENCE; TRIAL; COMPLICATIONS; PREVENTION; JAPAN; COST AB This study aims to estimate the absolute number of persons with hypertension (the hypertension burden) and time trends using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of United States resident adults who had hypertension in 1999 to 2000. This information is vitally important for health policy, medical care, and public health strategy and resource allocation. At least 65 million adults had hypertension in 1999 to 2000. The total hypertension prevalence rate was 31.3%. This value represents adults with elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressure, or using antihypertensive medications (rate of 28.4%; standard error [SE], 1.1), and adults who otherwise by medical history were told at least twice by a physician or other health professional that they had high blood pressure (rate of 2.9%; SE, 0.4). The number of adults with hypertension increased by approximate to30% for 1999 to 2000 compared with at least 50 million for 1988 to 1994. The 50 million value was based on a rate of 23.4% for adults with elevated blood pressure or using antihypertensive medications and 5.5% for adults classified as hypertensive by medical history alone (28.9% total; P < 0.001). The &AP;30% increase in the total number of adults with hypertension was almost 4-times greater than the 8.3% increase in total prevalence rate. These trends were associated with increased obesity and an aging and growing population. Approximately 35 million women and 30 million men had hypertension. At least 48 million non-Hispanic white adults, &AP;9 million non-Hispanic black adults, 3 million Mexican American, and 5 million other adults had hypertension in 1999 to 2000. C1 US Dept HHS, Off Secretarys Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, US Dept HHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NHLBI, NIH, US Dept HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Orkand Corp, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Fields, LE (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Off Secretarys Off Publ Hlth & Sci, 200 Independence Ave, Washington, DC 20201 USA. EM lefields@osophs.dhhs.gov NR 32 TC 566 Z9 582 U1 2 U2 20 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 398 EP 404 DI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000142248.54761.56 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 856PB UT WOS:000224056000009 PM 15326093 ER PT J AU Lin, Q Rikihisa, Y Massung, RF Woldehiwet, Z Falco, RC AF Lin, Q Rikihisa, Y Massung, RF Woldehiwet, Z Falco, RC TI Polymorphism and transcription at the p44-1/p44-18 genomic locus in Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains from diverse geographic regions SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; HEAT-SHOCK OPERON; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; IXODES-PACIFICUS; MULTIGENE FAMILY; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; HUMAN-DISEASE AB A polymorphic multigene family (p44) of Anaplasma phagocytophilum encodes the immunodominant 44-kDa major outer membrane proteins. With p44-specific PCR and gene-specific probes, p44-1 was found in all human isolates from New York State but not in isolates from Minnesota, whereas p44-18 and two other p44 species were found in isolates from both regions. We therefore sequenced the genomic locus corresponding to the p44-1/p44-18 tandem locus of A. phagocytophilum HZ in 14 other geographically divergent strains from various hosts. The locus was found in all 14 strains, and p44-18 was conserved among all 13 United States isolates studied. In all nine northeastern strains, p44-1 was conserved. However, in three of the Minnesota strains and in one California strain, p44-1 was replaced at this genomic locus by the novel gene p44-61 (p44-61/18), whose hypervariable region (hv) was a chimera of p44-20hv and p44-23hv. The conserved base sequence within the hv region linked the two segments. In contrast, in the Old Sourhope strain isolated from sheep in the United Kingdom, only a single and distinct p44, p44-OS, was found in this locus. This suggests different rates of evolution of p44-1 and p44-18 at this locus and conservation of the locus within strains isolated from the same geographic region. Locus-specific reverse transcription-PCR revealed expression of p44-1 by New York and p44-61 by Minnesota strains at this locus. These p44 loci provide insight into the molecular evolution and functional divergence of p44 paralogs and may serve as markers for typing strains from different geographic regions. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Liverpool, Vet Teaching Hosp, Dept Vet Pathol, Wirral L64 7TE, Merseyside, England. Fordham Univ, Louis Calder Ctr, Vector Ecol Lab, Armonk, NY USA. RP Rikihisa, Y (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, 1925 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM rikihisa.1@osu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI047407, R01 AI047885, R01 AI47885, R01AI47407] NR 44 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 72 IS 10 BP 5574 EP 5581 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.10.5574-5581.2004 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 857QS UT WOS:000224134000005 PM 15385454 ER PT J AU Liang, FT Yan, J Mbow, ML Sviat, SL Gilmore, RD Mamula, M Fikrig, E AF Liang, FT Yan, J Mbow, ML Sviat, SL Gilmore, RD Mamula, M Fikrig, E TI Borrelia burgdorferi changes its surface antigenic expression in response to host immune responses SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; TERMINAL INVARIABLE DOMAIN; DECORIN-BINDING; MAMMALIAN HOST; LINEAR PLASMID-25; MURINE HOST; VLSE; PROTEIN; INFECTION; ANTIBODY AB The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, causes persistent mammalian infection despite the development of vigorous immune responses against the pathogen. To examine spirochetal phenotypes that dominate in the hostile immune environment, the mRNA transcripts of four prototypic surface lipoproteins, decorin-binding protein A (DbpA), outer surface protein C (OspC), BBF01, and VlsE, were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR under various immune conditions. We demonstrate that B. burgdorferi changes its surface antigenic expression in response to immune attack. dbpA expression was unchanged while the spirochetes decreased ospC expression by 446 times and increased BBF01 and vlsE expression up to 20 and 32 times, respectively, under the influence of immune pressure generated in inummocompetent mice during infection. This change in antigenic expression could be induced by passively immunizing infected severe combined immunodeficiency mice with specific Borrelia antisera or OspC antibody and appears to allow B. burgdorferi to resist immune attack. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Rheumatol Sect, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Centocor Inc, Malvern, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Fikrig, E (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Rheumatol Sect, S525A,300 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM erol.fikrig@yale.edu NR 55 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 72 IS 10 BP 5759 EP 5767 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.10.5759-5767.2004 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 857QS UT WOS:000224134000026 PM 15385475 ER PT J AU Huang, WL Grainger, J Patterson, DG Turner, WE Caudill, SP Needham, LL Pirkle, JL Sampson, EJ AF Huang, WL Grainger, J Patterson, DG Turner, WE Caudill, SP Needham, LL Pirkle, JL Sampson, EJ TI Comparison of 1-hydroxypyrene exposure in the US population with that in occupational exposure studies SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; 1-hydroxypyrene; occupational exposure; urine; reference range ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; COKE-OVEN WORKERS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ELECTRODE PASTE PLANT; URINARY 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; COAL-TAR; HYDROXYLATED METABOLITES; FOUNDRY WORKERS; MONOHYDROXY-PAH; EXCRETION AB Urine samples collected in 1999 and 2000 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed for 14 monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and, for the first time, reference range values were calculated for these metabolites in the US population. Pyrene is a major component of most PAH mixtures and often is used as a surrogate for total PAH exposure. We detected 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHpyrene), a metabolite of pyrene, in more than 99% of the samples. The overall geometric mean concentration for 1-OHpyrene in the USA was 79.8 ng/l, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 69.0-92.2 ng/l. The overall geometric mean creatinine-adjusted urinary 1-OHpyrene levels in the USA was 74.2 ng/g creatinine (0.039 mumol/mol), With a 95% Cl of 64.1-85.9 ng/g creatinine (0.034-0.046 mumol/mol). There were no statistically significant differences among age, gender, or race/ethnicity groups. Adult smokers in the USA have urinary 1-OHpyrene levels three times higher than those of non-smokers. This difference was statistically significant. In this paper, we compare the reference range of urinary 1-OHpyrene levels with levels reported from various occupations by other researchers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Huang, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Wfh7@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 56 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD OCT PY 2004 VL 77 IS 7 BP 491 EP 498 DI 10.1007/s00420-004-0529-y PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 879BG UT WOS:000225690800005 PM 15322857 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Millikan, R Little, J Gwinn, M AF Khoury, MJ Millikan, R Little, J Gwinn, M TI The emergence of epidemiology in the genomics age SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROTEOMIC PATTERNS; SHATTUCK LECTURE; POSTGENOMIC ERA; OVARIAN-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Aberdeen, Dept Med & Therapeut, Epidemiol Grp, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E82, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkhoury@cdc.gov NR 87 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 936 EP 944 DI 10.1093/ije/dyh278 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860PQ UT WOS:000224355900004 PM 15319400 ER PT J AU Zurovac, D Rowe, AK Ochola, SA Noor, AM Midia, B English, M Snow, RW AF Zurovac, D Rowe, AK Ochola, SA Noor, AM Midia, B English, M Snow, RW TI Predictors of the quality of health worker treatment practices for uncomplicated malaria at government health facilities in Kenya SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quality; treatment; malaria; health workers; errors; predictors; guidelines; Kenya ID CHILDHOOD ILLNESS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; AFRICA; SUPERVISION; CHILDREN; POLICY; FEVER; BENIN AB Background When replacing failing drugs for malaria with more effective drugs, an important step towards reducing the malaria burden is that health workers (HW) prescribe drugs according to evidence-based guidelines. Past studies have shown that HW commonly do not follow guidelines, yet few studies have explored with appropriate methods why such practices occur. Methods We analysed data from a survey of government health facilities in four Kenyan districts in which HW consultations were observed, caretakers and HW were interviewed, and health facility assessments were performed. The analysis was limited to children 2-59 months old with uncomplicated malaria. Treatment was defined as recommended (antimalarial recommended by national guidelines), a minor error (effective, but non-recommended antimalarial), or inappropriate (no effective antimalarial). Results We evaluated 1006 consultations performed by 135 HW at 81 facilities: 567 children received recommended treatment, 314 had minor errors, and 125 received inappropriate treatment (weighted percentages: 56.9%, 30.4%, and 12.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that programmatic interventions such as in-service malaria training, provision of guidelines and wall charts, and more frequent supervision were significantly associated with better treatment quality. However, neither in-service training nor possession of the guideline document showed an effect by itself. More qualified HW made more errors: both major and minor errors (but generally more minor errors) when second-line drugs were in stock, and more major errors when second-line drugs were not in stock. Child factors such as age and a main complaint of fever were also associated with treatment quality. Conclusions Our results support the use of several programmatic strategies that can redress HW deficiencies in malaria treatment. Targeted cost-effectiveness trials would help refine these strategies and provide more precise guidance on affordable and effective ways to strengthen and maintain HW practices. C1 KEMRI Wellcome Trust collaborat Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. Med Sans Frontieres France, Nairobi, Kenya. Minist Hlth, Div Malaria Control, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenyatta Natl Hosp, Nairobi, Kenya. KEMRI, Ctr Geog Med, Kilifi, Kenya. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Paediat, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. RP Zurovac, D (reprint author), KEMRI Wellcome Trust collaborat Programme, POB 43640,00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. EM dzurovac@wtnairobi.mimcom.net OI Snow, Robert/0000-0003-3725-6088; English, Mike/0000-0002-7427-0826 FU Wellcome Trust [081829] NR 27 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1080 EP 1091 DI 10.1093/ije/dyh253 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860PQ UT WOS:000224355900025 PM 15256523 ER PT J AU Dong, M Anda, R Felitti, V Williamson, D Giles, W AF Dong, M Anda, R Felitti, V Williamson, D Giles, W TI Impact of residential mobility during childhood on health in adults: The hidden role in adverse childhood experiences SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5-6 SU S BP 298 EP 298 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 884WS UT WOS:000226118002717 ER PT J AU Gao, WB Cheng, LR Yang, J Xu, XL Zhang, DJ AF Gao, WB Cheng, LR Yang, J Xu, XL Zhang, DJ TI The evaluation of general psychological intervention on SARS medical staffs mental health and coping styles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. Beijing Sino Japanese Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5-6 SU S BP 406 EP 406 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 884WS UT WOS:000226118003692 ER PT J AU Shemyakin, IG Stepanshina, VN Ivanov, IY Lipin, MY Anisimova, VA Onasenko, AG Korobova, OV Shinnick, TM AF Shemyakin, IG Stepanshina, VN Ivanov, IY Lipin, MY Anisimova, VA Onasenko, AG Korobova, OV Shinnick, TM TI Characterization of drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived from Russian inmates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; molecular epidemiology; drug resistance ID TANDEM DNA REPEATS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PRISON-INMATES; STRAINS; POPULATION; IS6110; DIFFERENTIATION; RECONSTRUCTION; TRANSMISSION AB SETTING: Tuberculosis ward of a prison in Russia. OBJECTIVE: Molecular characterization of drug-resistant isolates. DESIGN: Isolates were collected from all tuberculosis patients occurring in the prison over a 1-year period. RESULTS: Of 130 patients studied, 17 patients produced pan-susceptible isolates and 113 produced isolates resistant to at least one drug, including 85 multidrug-resistant isolates. Mutations at katG315 occurred in 98% of isoniazid-resistant isolates. Mutations in rpoB were found in 89% of rifampicin-resistant isolates. Mutations in pncA occurred in 13% of the 75 isolates tested. By spoligotyping, members of the Beijing (55 isolates) and LAM (31 isolates) families were identified. By IS6110 genotyping, two groups (34 and 55 isolates) of related isolates were found, including three clusters (10, 12, and 16 isolates) with identical patterns. In a study of samples collected 3 months apart from 28 patients, four patients produced isolates containing a mixture of strains and five patients produced specimens containing distinctly different isolates. Isolates of nine patients acquired additional drug resistance. CONCLUSION: Three families of strains accounted for much of the drug-resistant tuberculosis in this population. Multiple resistance, acquisition of resistance, and infection with two or more strains as well as reinfection were observed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. State Res Ctr Appl Microbiol, Obolensk, Russia. RP Shinnick, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G5, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tms1@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1194 EP 1203 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 862LO UT WOS:000224492500006 PM 15527151 ER PT J AU Nguyen, L Chaowanachan, T Vanichseni, S McNicholl, JM Mock, PA Nelson, R Hodge, TW van Griensven, F Choopanya, K Mastro, TD Tappero, JW Hu, DJ AF Nguyen, L Chaowanachan, T Vanichseni, S McNicholl, JM Mock, PA Nelson, R Hodge, TW van Griensven, F Choopanya, K Mastro, TD Tappero, JW Hu, DJ TI Frequent human leukocyte antigen class I alleles are associated with higher viral load among HIV type 1 seroconverters in Thailand SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE Thailand; Asia; HIV type 1 (HIV-1); human leukocyte antigen (HLA); host immune system; viral load ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; 2 SUBTYPES; HLA-A; INFECTION; PLASMA; AIDS; LYMPHOCYTES AB The loss of viral control by the host may be due to the evolution of viruses with mutations that limit presentation by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) to cytotoxic T cells. The authors hypothesized that the consequence of such evolution might be that persons with common HLA class I alleles would be less able to control viremia, on average, than would those with rare alleles. HLA class I typing was completed for 128 injection drug users who seroconverted in a prospective cohort study in Bangkok, Thailand. Logistic regression was used to model viral load (greater than or equal to the median) at 9 and 12 months after scroconversion with an HLA score that profiled the relative prevalence of each individual's alleles. At 12 months after seroconversion, injection drug users with the most common HLA alleles (highest quartile HLA score) had an almost 4-fold increased risk for higher viral load (greater than or equal to32,055 copies/mL) than injection drug users with less common HLA alleles (adjusted odds ratio, 3.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-11.8). These findings support the importance of frequency-dependent effects of host genes on HIV type 1 evolution in different populations and suggest that HLA-driven viral evolution critically influences control of viremia in early HIV type 1 infection. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Thai MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Bangkok Vaccine Evaluat Grp, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Hu, DJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Mailstop A-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM djh9@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 2 BP 1318 EP 1323 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000127059.98621.55 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 857ZJ UT WOS:000224159300014 PM 15385741 ER PT J AU Buchacz, KA Siller, JE Bandy, DW Birjukow, N Kent, CK Holmberg, SD Klausner, JD AF Buchacz, KA Siller, JE Bandy, DW Birjukow, N Kent, CK Holmberg, SD Klausner, JD TI HIV and syphilis testing among men who have sex with men attending sex clubs and adult bookstores - San Francisco, 2003 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID RISK; PREVENTION; EPIDEMIC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Buchacz, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 2 BP 1324 EP 1326 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000127058.90997.6e PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 857ZJ UT WOS:000224159300015 PM 15385742 ER PT J AU Gordon, CM Stall, R Cheever, LW AF Gordon, CM Stall, R Cheever, LW TI Prevention interventions with persons living with HIV/AIDS - Challenges, progress, and research priorities SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SAFER-SEX; HIV; MEN C1 NIMH, Ctr Mental Hlth Res AIDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, HIV AIDS Bur, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Gordon, CM (reprint author), NIMH, Ctr Mental Hlth Res AIDS, 6001 Execut Blvd,Room 6204, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM cgordon1@mail.nih.gov NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 37 SU 2 BP S53 EP S57 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000142321.27136.8b PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 859EC UT WOS:000224244500001 PM 15385900 ER PT J AU Janssen, RS Valdiserri, RO AF Janssen, RS Valdiserri, RO TI HIV prevention in the United States - Increasing emphasis on working with those living with HIV SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTERVENTION; PEOPLE; INJECTION; HEALTH; MEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Janssen, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSD-21, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rxj1@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 37 SU 2 BP S119 EP S121 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000140610.82134.e3 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 859EC UT WOS:000224244500009 PM 15385908 ER PT J AU Purcell, DW Metsch, LR Latka, M Santibanez, S Gomez, CA Eldred, L Latkin, CA AF Purcell, DW Metsch, LR Latka, M Santibanez, S Gomez, CA Eldred, L Latkin, CA CA INSPIRE Study Grp TI Interventions for seropositive injectors - Research and evaluation - An integrated behavioral intervention with HIV-positive injection drug users to address medical care, adherence, and risk reduction SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE injection drug users; HIV-positive; medical care; adherence; HIV risk behavior; injection risk behavior ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ADHERENCE; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION INTERVENTION; VIRAL SUPPRESSION; MEN; INFECTION; BARRIERS AB Background: Behavioral interventions to address the complex medical and HIV risk reduction needs of HIV-seropositive (HIV-positive) injection drug users (IDUs) are urgently needed. We describe the development of Interventions for Seropositive Injectors-Research and Evaluation (INSPIRE), a randomized controlled trial of an integrated intervention for HIV-positive IDUs, and the characteristics of the baseline sample. Methods: HIV-positive IDUs were recruited from community settings in 4 US cities. After completing a baseline assessment, participants who attended the first session were randomly assigned to (1) a 10-session peer mentoring intervention designed to improve utilization of HIV care, to improve adherence to HIV medications, and to reduce sexual and injection risk or (2) an 8-session videotape control. Periodic follow-up for 12 months is ongoing. Results: A total of 1161 HIV-positive IDUs completed the baseline assessment, and 966 (83%) were randomized. Retention rates are greater than 80% for all follow-up periods. Approximately 79% of baseline participants reported a recent medical visit, 49% were taking highly active antiretroviral therapy, and 19% had an undetectable viral load. Use of injection and noninjection substances was prevalent, and sexual and injection risks were each reported by more than 25% of participants. Conclusion: There is a need for an integrated intervention for HIV-positive IDUs, and these data show the acceptability of such an approach. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33152 USA. New York Acad Med, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Purcell, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dpurcell@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 37 SU 2 BP S110 EP S118 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000140609.44016.c4 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 859EC UT WOS:000224244500008 PM 15385907 ER PT J AU Valdiserri, RO AF Valdiserri, RO TI International scale-up for antiretroviral treatment - Where does prevention fit? SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESOURCE-POOR SETTINGS; COTE-DIVOIRE; HIV; CARE; THERAPY; HIV/AIDS; PHYSICIANS; BEHAVIOR; AFRICA; ACCESS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Valdiserri, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rovl@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 37 SU 2 BP S138 EP S141 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000142322.04265.64 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 859EC UT WOS:000224244500015 PM 15385914 ER PT J AU Wolitski, RJ Parsons, JT Gomez, CA AF Wolitski, RJ Parsons, JT Gomez, CA CA SUMS and SUMIT Study Teams TI Prevention with HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men - Lessons from the Seropositive Urban Men's Study (SUMS) and the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial (SUMIT) SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; gay and bisexual men; HIV seropositivity; homosexuality ID TRANSMISSION RISK BEHAVIOR; POSITIVE MEN; UNITED-STATES; GAY MEN; RESPONSIBILITY; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIC; PEOPLE AB Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV, and HIV-seropositive (HIV-positive) MSM are an especially important group for prevention efforts. This article describes findings from the Seropositive Urban Men's Study (SUMS, N = 456) and the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial (SUMIT, N = 1168). These studies were conducted from 1996 to 2002 with racially diverse samples from New York and San Francisco. Patterns of sexual behavior often reflected an understanding of the relative risks of specific sexual practices and were generally consistent with harm reduction strategies to reduce the risk of HIV transmission to uninfected partners. Some men, however, continued to engage in behaviors that placed themselves and their partners at risk for exposure to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Correlates of unprotected sex included self-efficacy, personal responsibility, substance use, mental health, and contextual influences. Disclosure of HIV status was a difficult issue for many HIV-positive MSM. Most participants had disclosed to their main partner, but they disclosed to less than half of their non-main partners before first sex. The interest of HIV-positive MSM in prevention efforts, the design of the SUMIT intervention trial, and implications for future research and programmatic efforts are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Precent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY Grad Sch & Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Wolitski, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Precent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RWolitski@cdc.gov RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 NR 53 TC 52 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 37 SU 2 BP S101 EP S109 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000140608.36393.37 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 859EC UT WOS:000224244500007 PM 15385906 ER PT J AU Kershaw, TS Ickovics, JR Lewis, JB Niccolai, LM Milan, S Ethier, KA AF Kershaw, TS Ickovics, JR Lewis, JB Niccolai, LM Milan, S Ethier, KA TI Sexual risk following a sexually transmitted disease diagnosis: The more things change the more they stay the same SO JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE STDs; adolescents; condom use; behavior change ID CONDOM USE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; PREVENTION PROGRAM; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; ADOLESCENT WOMEN; TERM IMPACT; INFECTIONS; BEHAVIOR; HIV; PREGNANCY AB The purpose of this study is to assess changes in sexual risk behaviors, attitudes toward, using condoms, and perceived susceptibility to future STDs for adolescent females who recently were diagnosed with an incident STD compared to those who were not diagnosed with an incident STD. Adolescent females (N = 308) were assessed at two time points, 6 months apart. Ninety-two participants were diagnosed with an STD, and 216 were not diagnosed with an STD in between the two time points. Results indicated that adolescents did not significantly change their behaviors, attitudes, or perceptions following the diagnosis of an incident STD compared to those who were not diagnosed with an incident STD. This suggests that an STD diagnosis alone is not sufficient to motivate adolescent females to reduce their sexual risk behavior and change their sexual risk attitudes and perceptions. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kershaw, TS (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 60 Coll St, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM trace.kershaw@yale.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [1T32 MH 20031-02, P01 MH/DA 56826-01A1] NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0160-7715 J9 J BEHAV MED JI J. Behav. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 445 EP 461 DI 10.1023/B:JOBM.0000047609.75395.62 PG 17 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 877UG UT WOS:000225598200002 PM 15675634 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Singvall, J Schwarz-Linek, U Johnson, BJB Potts, JR Hook, M AF Kim, JH Singvall, J Schwarz-Linek, U Johnson, BJB Potts, JR Hook, M TI BBK32, a fibronectin binding MSCRAMM from Borrelia burgdorferi, contains a disordered region that undergoes a conformational change on ligand binding SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS INFECTIONS; SURFACE PROTEIN-A; STREPTOCOCCUS-PYOGENES; DECORIN-BINDING; BACTERIAL ADHERENCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; EXPRESSION; HOST AB BBK32 is a fibronectin-binding lipoprotein on Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Analysis using secondary structure prediction programs suggested that BBK32 is composed of two domains, an N-terminal segment lacking well defined secondary structure and a C-terminal segment composed largely of alpha-helices. Analysis of purified recombinant forms of the two domains by circular dichroism spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and intrinsic viscosity determination were consistent with an N-terminal-extended, unstructured segment and a C-terminal globular domain in BBK32. Solid phase binding experiments suggest that the unstructured N-terminal domain binds fibronectin. Analysis of changes in circular dichroism spectra of the N-terminal segment of BBK32 upon binding of the N-terminal domain of fibronectin revealed an increase in beta-sheet content in the complex. Hence, BBK32, which belongs to a different family of proteins and shows no overall sequence similarity with the fibronectin binding MSCRAMMs (microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules) of Gram-positive bacteria, binds fibronectin by a mechanism that is reminiscent of the "tandem beta-zipper" previously demonstrated for the fibronectin binding of streptococcal adhesins (Schwarz-Linek, U., Werner, J.M., Pickford, A. R., Gurusiddappa, S., Kim, J.H., Pilka, E. S., Briggs, J.A., Gough, T. S., Hook, M., Campbell, I. D., and Potts, J.R. (2003) Nature 423, 177-181). C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Albert B Alkek Inst Biosci & Technol, Ctr Extracellular Matrix Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Biochem, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Hook, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Albert B Alkek Inst Biosci & Technol, Ctr Extracellular Matrix Biol, 2121 W Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mhook@ibt.tamu.edu OI Schwarz-Linek, Ulrich/0000-0003-0526-223X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI20624] NR 53 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 40 BP 41706 EP 41714 DI 10.1074/jbc.M401691200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 856WG UT WOS:000224075500058 PM 15292204 ER PT J AU Fan, B Sherman, M Borrud, L Looker, A Shepherd, J AF Fan, B Sherman, M Borrud, L Looker, A Shepherd, J TI Comparison of two DXA software versions for assessment of whole body bone mineral density and body composition in pediatric population. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY OCT 01-05, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth & Stat, Washington, DC USA. RI fan, bo/A-8161-2009 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 SU 1 BP S344 EP S344 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 860FB UT WOS:000224326802075 ER PT J AU Looker, AC AF Looker, AC TI Do differences in body fat contribute to variation in 25-hydroxvyvitamin D values by age and race in women? SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY OCT 01-05, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 SU 1 MA M361 BP S430 EP S430 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 860FB UT WOS:000224326802433 ER PT J AU Kuklenyik, Z Ye, XY Reich, JA Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Kuklenyik, Z Ye, XY Reich, JA Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Automated online and off-line solid-phase extraction methods for measuring isoflavones and lignans in urine SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 7 PHYTOESTROGENS; PHYTO-ESTROGENS; SOY ISOFLAVONES; BIOAVAILABILITY; GENISTEIN; SERUM; MICE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 9 BP 495 EP 500 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 870VW UT WOS:000225087800008 PM 15693191 ER PT J AU Clark, TA Slavinski, SA Morgan, J Lott, T Arthington-Skaggs, BA Brandt, ME Webb, RM Currier, M Flowers, RH Fridkin, SK Hajjeh, RA AF Clark, TA Slavinski, SA Morgan, J Lott, T Arthington-Skaggs, BA Brandt, ME Webb, RM Currier, M Flowers, RH Fridkin, SK Hajjeh, RA TI Epidemiologic and molecular characterization of an outbreak of Candida parapsilosis bloodstream infections in a community hospital SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; FUNGEMIA; HANDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SURVEILLANCE; STATES AB Candida parapsilosis is an important cause of bloodstream infections in the health care setting. We investigated a large C. parapsilosis outbreak occurring in a community hospital and conducted a case-control study to determine the risk factors for infection. We identified 22 cases of bloodstream infection with C. parapsilosis: 15 confirmed and 7 possible. The factors associated with an increased risk of infection included hospitalization in the intensive care unit (adjusted odds ratio, 16.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 148.1) and receipt of total parenteral nutrition (adjusted odds ratio, 9.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 98.1). Samples for surveillance cultures were obtained from health care worker hands, central venous catheter insertion sites, and medical devices. Twenty-six percent of the health care workers surveyed demonstrated hand colonization with C. parapsilosis, and one hand isolate was highly related to all case-patient isolates by tests with the DNA probe Cp3-13. Outbreak strain isolates also demonstrated reduced susceptibilities to fluconazole and voriconazole. This largest known reported outbreak of C. parapsilosis bloodstream infections in adults resulted from an interplay of host, environment, and pathogen factors. Recommendations for control measures focused on improving hand hygiene compliance. C1 CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div Appl Publ Hlth, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Mississippi, Mississippi State Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Clark, TA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tnc4@cdc.gov; skf0@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 102 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 10 BP 4468 EP 4472 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4468-4472.2004 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 862EM UT WOS:000224473000008 PM 15472295 ER PT J AU Pang, XL Lee, B Chui, L Preiksaitis, JK Monroe, SS AF Pang, XL Lee, B Chui, L Preiksaitis, JK Monroe, SS TI Evaluation and validation of real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay using the LightCycler system for detection and quantitation of norovirus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN CALICIVIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAKS; INFECTION; DIFFERENTIATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB We developed an assay for the detection and quantitation of norovirus with the LightCycler SYBR Green-based real-time reverse transcription-PCR (real-time LC RT-PCR) and previously published primers in the capsid and the polymerase gene. One hundred thirty-two stool specimens from the Provincial Laboratory for Public Health (Microbiology), Alberta, Canada, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga., were used to validate the new assay. The samples were collected from patients involved in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis or children who presented with sporadic gastroenteritis. The real-time LC RT-PCR assay detected norovirus strains from three genogroup I (G-I) clusters (G-I/1, G-I/2, and G-I/3) and 10 genogroup II (G-II) clusters (G-II/1, G-II/2, G-II/3, G-II/4, G-II/6, G-II/7, G-II/10, G-II/12, G-II/15, and G-II/16). There was 100% concordance with the results from 58 stool specimens which tested positive by conventional RT-PCR assays. By dilution analysis, the real-time LC RT-PCR was 10,000 times more sensitive than the conventional RT-PCR. The new assay increased the number of samples in which noroviruses were detected by 19%. The real-time LC RT-PCR had a wide dynamic range, detecting from 5 to 5 x 10(6) copies of RNA per reaction, resulting in a theoretical lower limit of detection of 25,000 copies of RNA per g of stool. No cross-reactions were found with specimens containing sapovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus. Because of the high sensitivity and specificity of the assay with a relatively rapid and simple procedure, the real-time LC RT-PCR will be useful as a routine assay for the clinical diagnosis of norovirus infection. C1 Univ Alberta Hosp, Provincial Lab Publ Hlth Microbiol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pang, XL (reprint author), Univ Alberta Hosp, Provincial Lab Publ Hlth Microbiol, WMC 1B1,22,8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada. EM x.pang@provlab.ab.ca OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 26 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 10 BP 4679 EP 4685 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4679-4685.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 862EM UT WOS:000224473000040 PM 15472327 ER PT J AU Arbique, JC Poyart, C Trieu-Cuot, P Quesne, G Carvalho, MDS Steigerwalt, AG Morey, RE Jackson, D Davidson, RJ Facklam, RR AF Arbique, JC Poyart, C Trieu-Cuot, P Quesne, G Carvalho, MDS Steigerwalt, AG Morey, RE Jackson, D Davidson, RJ Facklam, RR TI Accuracy of phenotypic and genotypic testing for identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae and description of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae sp nov. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRIDANS GROUP STREPTOCOCCI; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; DNA-PROBE; BLOOD CULTURES; PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA; LATEX AGGLUTINATION; CARBON DIOXIDE; OPTOCHIN; PCR; PNEUMOLYSIN AB We have identified an unusual group of viridans group streptococci that resemble Streptococcus pneumoniae. DNA-DNA homology studies suggested that a subset of these isolates represent a novel species that may be included in the S. oralis-S. mitis group of viridans group streptococci. We suggest that this novel species be termed Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae. A combination of phenotypic and genetic reactions allows its identification. S. pseudopneumoniae strains do not have pneumococcal capsules, are resistant to optochin (inhibition zones, less than 14 mm) when they are incubated under an atmosphere of increased CO2 but are susceptible to optochin (inhibition zones, >14 mm) when they are incubated in ambient atmospheres, are not soluble in bile, and are positive by the GenProbe AccuProbe Pneumococcus test. The bile solubility test is more specific than the optochin test for identification of S. pneumoniae. Genetic tests for pneumolysin (ply) and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (sodA) and identification tests with a commercial probe, AccuProbe Pneumococcus, do not discriminate between the new species and S. pneumoniae. C1 Queen Elizabeth II Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Div Pathol & Lab Med, Halifax, NS B3H 1V8, Canada. Fac Med Necker Enfants Malad, Lab Mixte Pasteur Necker Resh Streptocoques & Str, Paris, France. Fac Med Necker Enfants Malad, INSERM, U570, Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Arbique, JC (reprint author), Queen Elizabeth II Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Div Pathol & Lab Med, Rm 315,Mackenzie Bldg,5788 Univ Ave, Halifax, NS B3H 1V8, Canada. EM j.arbique@ns.sympatico.ca OI TRIEU-CUOT, Patrick/0000-0002-2768-9587 NR 67 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 10 BP 4686 EP 4696 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4686-4696.2004 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 862EM UT WOS:000224473000041 PM 15472328 ER PT J AU Purdy, DE Noga, AJ Chang, GJJ AF Purdy, DE Noga, AJ Chang, GJJ TI Noninfectious recombinant antigen for detection of St. Louis encephalitis virus-specific antibodies in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; PLASMID; VACCINE; LESSONS; MOUSE AB Proper surveillance of virus activity and a timely response to viral outbreaks depend upon the rapid diagnosis of viral infections. The immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) is a fast, sensitive test routinely used for the diagnosis of the medically important West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis flaviviruses. However, the suckling mouse brain-derived (SMB) antigen used in this assay is tedious to prepare and has a risk of exposing personnel to live virus and hazardous chemicals. We report the development of a St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) noninfectious recombinant antigen that is a safe and easily produced alternative antigen for use in diagnostic assays. The expression plasmid pCB8SJ2, containing the premembrane and envelope structural protein-encoding regions of SLEV, was constructed to express secreted extracellular virus-like particles (VLPs) from CHO cells. Blind-coded human serum panels were assembled from patients having recent SLEV, West Nile virus (WNV), Powassan virus, or La Crosse encephalitis virus infections to assess the sensitivity and specificity of assays with SLEV VLP or SMB antigen. MAC-ELISAs with either antigen had comparable sensitivity for the detection of IgM antibodies against SLEV. Importantly, when these two antigens were tested against a human serum panel from patients having recent WNV or Powassan virus infections, the SLEV VLPs were less likely than SMB antigen to detect flavivirus cross-reactive IgM antibodies. An optimized IgG antibody capture ELISA (GAC-ELISA) with both WNV and SLEV VLPs was developed to circumvent the frequently observed higher background in the antigen-capture IgG-ELISA (ACG-ELISA). For the detection of IgG antibodies against WNV, the GAC-ELISA resulted in a statistically significant higher performance accuracy (P = 0.003) than the ACG-ELISA when the WNV VLP antigen was used in both assays. However, no statistical difference was observed in the assay performance of the GAC-ELISA with SLEV VLP or the ACG-ELISA with SLEV SMB antigen. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Chang, GJJ (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM gxc7@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 10 BP 4709 EP 4717 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4709-4717.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 862EM UT WOS:000224473000044 PM 15472331 ER PT J AU Harvey, PA Aitken, M Ryan, GW Demeter, LA Givens, J Sundararaman, R Goulette, S AF Harvey, PA Aitken, M Ryan, GW Demeter, LA Givens, J Sundararaman, R Goulette, S TI Strategies to increase smoke alarm use in high-risk households SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE smoke alarms; fires; injury; burns ID COMMUNITY AB A 3-year project was undertaken to evaluate two methods of promoting residential smoke alarm installation and maintenance in high risk households across the U.S. Five states (Arkansas, Maine, Mar, land, Massachusetts, and North Carolina) participated. The two strategies under study were direct installation of smoke alarms and distribution of a voucher for free smoke alarms. The target population included occupants of high-risk households without working smoke alarms who were approached as part of a door-to-door canvassing program. Fire Safety education was provided to both groups. A follow up assessment conducted 6-12 months post intervention assessed the presence and functional status of smoke alarms in each of the two groups. Demographic and fire safety data were also collected at baseline and follow up for each group. 4,455 households were enrolled in the study [Installation Group: 2,206 (49.5%), Voucher Group: 2,249 (50.5%)]. Baseline characteristics of the groups within each state were comparable. Follow up data was obtained on 1,583 installation group households and 1,545 voucher group households. At follow up, 1,421 (89.8%) households in the installation group had working smoke alarms, compared with 997 (65%) households in the voucher group, Odds Ratio 4.82 (95% CI = 3.97, 5.85) (p < .0001). On average, 47% of all households enrolled in the voucher group did not redeem their vouchers (range 26-63%). Direct installation of alarms by program staff resulted in working smoke alarms in 90% of households receiving the direct installation intervention. Only 65% of voucher households had functioning alarms at follow up, largely due to failure to redeem vouchers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Arkansas, Coll Med, Ctr Hlth Promot Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Harvey, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pharvey@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 5 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1023/B:JOHE.0000038653.59255.57 PG 11 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 854KO UT WOS:000223901800002 PM 15471420 ER PT J AU Williamson, DM Choury, E Hilsdon, R Taylor, B AF Williamson, DM Choury, E Hilsdon, R Taylor, B TI Improving data quality in community-based seafood consumption studies by use of two measurement tools SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB A seafood consumption study was conducted in Glynn County, Georgia, to address concern about bioaccumulation of mercury from a nearby hazardous waste site in people who ate potentially contaminated seafood from this area. Seafood consumption levels were ascertained with two data collection tools: a questionnaire and a dietary diary. The use of two instruments allowed for more detailed analysis to reveal discrepancies in responses between the two instruments, to improve reliability of study results, and to reduce recall bias. Implementation of the questionnaire was relatively easy and provided a broad characterization of consumption patterns in the area. The dietary diary was more time-consuming, resulting in a reduction in participation rates. It provided, however, more detailed information with which to address community concerns about adverse health effects from mercury exposure. Overall, individuals who participated in this study were able to make broad generalizations about the amount of seafood in their diet but were less accurate in estimating specific seafood consumption levels. In addition, the level of concordance between the questionnaire and the dietary diary was low with respect to seafood consumption levels. For investigators examining consumption patterns in a community, the decision to use a questionnaire, a dietary diary, or both will be influenced by the objectives of the study, the level of community concern, the number of study staff, and available resources. C1 Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Reg, Div Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Williamson, DM (reprint author), Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Reg, Div Hlth Sci, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM djw8@cdc.gov FU NCCIH NIH HHS [UT50-ATU-482229-02-03] NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD OCT PY 2004 VL 67 IS 3 BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 856KU UT WOS:000224044900002 PM 15510694 ER PT J AU Mazurek, J Salehi, E Propes, D Holt, J Bannerman, T Nicholson, LM Bundesen, M Duffy, R Moolenaar, RL AF Mazurek, J Salehi, E Propes, D Holt, J Bannerman, T Nicholson, LM Bundesen, M Duffy, R Moolenaar, RL TI A multistate outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infection linked to raw milk consumption - Ohio, 2003 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA; PREVALENCE; CHEESE AB In December 2002, the Ohio Department of Health was notified of two children with Salmonella infection. Both had a history of drinking raw milk from a combination dairy-restaurant-petting zoo (dairy). The dairy was the only establishment in Ohio licensed to sell raw milk and reported 1.35 million visitors annually. We investigated to determine the extent of the outbreak and identify illness risk factors. A case patient was any person with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-matched Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium from 30 November 2002 to 18 February 2003. Sixty-two met the confirmed case definition. Forty dairy case patient patrons were included in a case-control study; 56 controls were their well meal companions. Consumption of raw milk was found to be associated with illness (odds ratio, 45.1; 95% confidence interval, 8.8 to 311.9). The dairy discontinued selling raw milk. Because 27 other states still allow the sale of raw milk, awareness of the hazards of its consumption should be raised and relevant regulations carefully reviewed. C1 Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Clark Cty Combined Hlth Dist, Springfield, OH 45503 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mazurek, J (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Surveillance Branch, Mailstop HG 9002,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ACQ8@cdc.gov RI Bannerman, Tammy/E-2694-2011 NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 67 IS 10 BP 2165 EP 2170 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 861CL UT WOS:000224393600011 PM 15508625 ER PT J AU Sivapalasingam, S Friedman, CR Cohen, L Tauxe, RV AF Sivapalasingam, S Friedman, CR Cohen, L Tauxe, RV TI Fresh produce: A growing cause of outbreaks of foodborne illness in the United States, 1973 through 1997 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PRESSED APPLE CIDER; CYCLOSPORA-CAYETANENSIS; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; ALFALFA SPROUTS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; IMPORTED RASPBERRIES; ORANGE JUICE; HEPATITIS-A; SALMONELLA AB Fresh produce is an important part of a healthy diet. During the last three decades, the number of outbreaks caused by foodborne pathogens associated with fresh produce consumption reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has increased. To identify trends, we analyzed data for 1973 through 1997 from the Foodborne Outbreak Surveillance System. We defined a produce-associated outbreak as the occurrence of two or more cases of the same illness in which epidemiologic investigation implicated the same uncooked fruit, vegetable, salad, or juice. A total of 190 produce-associated outbreaks were reported, associated with 16,058 illnesses, 598 hospitalizations, and eight deaths. Produce-associated outbreaks accounted for an increasing proportion of all reported foodborne outbreaks with a known food item, rising from 0.7% in the 1970s to 6% in the 1990s. Among produce-associated outbreaks, the food items most frequently implicated included salad, lettuce, juice, melon, sprouts, and berries. Among 103 (54%) produce-associated outbreaks with a known pathogen, 62 (60%) were caused by bacterial pathogens, of which 30 (48%) were caused by Salmonella. During the study period, Cyclospora and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were newly recognized as causes of foodborne illness. Foodborne outbreaks associated with fresh produce in the United States have increased in absolute numbers and as a proportion of all reported foodborne outbreaks. Fruit and vegetables are major components of a healthy diet, but eating fresh uncooked produce is not risk free. Further efforts are needed to better understand the complex interactions between microbes and produce and the mechanisms by which contamination occurs from farm to table. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sivapalasingam, S (reprint author), NYU Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 550 1st Ave,C&D Bldg,Room 558, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM sumathi.sivapalasingam@med.nyu.edu NR 83 TC 505 Z9 521 U1 5 U2 78 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 67 IS 10 BP 2342 EP 2353 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 861CL UT WOS:000224393600042 PM 15508656 ER PT J AU Lu, L Ching, KZ de Paula, VS Nakano, T Siegl, G Weitz, M Robertson, BH AF Lu, L Ching, KZ de Paula, VS Nakano, T Siegl, G Weitz, M Robertson, BH TI Characterization of the complete genomic sequence of genotype II hepatitis A virus (CF53/Berne isolate) SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CELL-CULTURE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; SUBGENOTYPES IA; CO-CIRCULATION; STRAINS; ADAPTATION; OUTBREAK; CLASSIFICATION AB The complete genomic sequence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) CF53/Berne strain was determined. Pairwise comparison with other complete HAV genomic sequences demonstrated that the CF53/Berne isolate is most closely related to the single genotype VII strain, SLF88. This close relationship was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of different genomic regions, and was most pronounced within the capsid region. These data indicated that CF53/Berne and SLF88 isolates are related more closely to each other than are subtypes IA and IB. A histogram of the genetic differences between HAV strains revealed four separate peaks. The distance values for CF53/Berne and SLF88 isolates fell within the peak that contained strains of the same subtype, showing that they should be subtypes within a single genotype. The complete genomic data indicated that genotypes 11 and VII should be considered a single genotype, based upon the complete VP1 sequence, and it is proposed that the CF53/Berne isolate be classified as genotype IIA and strain SLF88 as genotype IIB. The CF53/Berne isolate is cell-adapted, and therefore its sequence was compared to that of two other strains adapted to cell culture, HM-175/7 grown in MIK-5 and GBM grown in FRhK-4 cells. Mutations found at nucleotides 3889, 4087 and 4222 that were associated with HAV attenuation and cell adaptation in HM175/7 and GMB strains were not present in the CF53/Berne strain. Deletions found in the 5'UTR and P3A regions of the CF53/Berne isolate that are common to cell-adapted HAV isolates were identified, however. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Klin Mikrobiol & Immunol, St Gallen, Switzerland. RP Robertson, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bjrl@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 85 BP 2943 EP 2952 DI 10.1099/vir.0.80304-0 PN 10 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 860GA UT WOS:000224329300023 PM 15448357 ER PT J AU Brueggemann, AB Peto, TEA Crook, DW Butler, JC Kristinsson, KG Spratt, BG AF Brueggemann, AB Peto, TEA Crook, DW Butler, JC Kristinsson, KG Spratt, BG TI Temporal and geographic stability of the serogroup-specific invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; CONJUGATE VACCINE; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION; PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESISTANCE; REDUCTION; CLONES AB A meta-analysis study design was used to analyze 7 data sets of invasive and carriage pneumococcal isolates recovered from children, to determine whether invasive disease potential differs for each serotype and, if so, whether it has changed over time or differs geographically. Serotype- and serogroup-specific odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each study and as a pooled estimate, with use of serotype 14 as the reference group. ORs varied widely: the serotypes with the highest ORs (1, 5, and 7) were 60-fold more invasive than those with the lowest ORs (3, 6A, and 15). There was a significant inverse correlation between invasive disease and carriage prevalence for the serotypes that we considered, which implies that the most invasive serotypes and serogroups were the least commonly carried and that the most frequently carried were the least likely to cause invasive disease. There was no evidence of any temporal change or major geographical differences in serotype- or serogroup-specific invasive disease potential. C1 Univ Oxford, Acad Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Oxford, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Oxford, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, St Marys Hosp, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. Landspitali Univ Hosp, Reykjavik, Iceland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Brueggemann, AB (reprint author), Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Level 7, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. EM angela.brueggemann@ndcls.ox.ac.uk RI Spratt, Brian/A-1676-2009 NR 20 TC 194 Z9 197 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 7 BP 1203 EP 1211 DI 10.1086/423820 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 855JC UT WOS:000223968400001 PM 15346329 ER PT J AU Quinn, CP Dull, PM Semenova, V Li, H Crotty, S Taylor, TH Steward-Clark, E Stamey, KL Schmidt, DS Stinson, KW Freeman, AE Elie, CM Martin, SK Greene, C Aubert, RD Glidewell, J Perkins, BA Ahmed, R Stephens, DS AF Quinn, CP Dull, PM Semenova, V Li, H Crotty, S Taylor, TH Steward-Clark, E Stamey, KL Schmidt, DS Stinson, KW Freeman, AE Elie, CM Martin, SK Greene, C Aubert, RD Glidewell, J Perkins, BA Ahmed, R Stephens, DS TI Immune responses to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen in patients with bioterrorism-related cutaneous or inhalation anthrax SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Anthrax CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE ID ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT; LETHAL FACTOR COMPONENTS; GUINEA-PIGS; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; IN-VITRO; ANTIBODIES; TOXIN; HUMANS; INFECTION; VACCINE AB Anti-protective antigen (PA) immunoglobulin (Ig) G, toxin neutralization, and PA-specific IgG memory B cell responses were studied in patients with bioterrorism-related cutaneous or inhalation anthrax and in a patient with laboratory-acquired cutaneous anthrax. Responses were determined for >1 year after the onset of symptoms. Eleven days after the onset of symptoms (15 days after likely exposure), anti-PA IgG was detected in 16 of 17 patients with confirmed or suspected clinical anthrax who were tested. Anti-PA IgG remained detectable 8-16 months after the onset of symptoms in all 6 survivors of inhalation anthrax and in 7 of 11 survivors of cutaneous anthrax who were tested. Anti-PA IgG levels and serum toxin neutralizing activity were strongly associated (R-2=0.83). PA-specific IgG memory B cells were detectable in all 6 survivors of inhalation anthrax but in only 2 of 7 patients with cutaneous anthrax who were tested. Anti-PA IgG is an important diagnostic marker of anthrax, a predictor of serum anti-toxin activity, and a marker of immunological memory against anthrax. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Meningitis & Special PAthogens Branch, DBM,NCID, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Quinn, CP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Meningitis & Special PAthogens Branch, DBM,NCID, MAil Stop D-11,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM cquinn@cdc.gov RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 48 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 7 BP 1228 EP 1236 DI 10.1086/423937 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 855JC UT WOS:000223968400004 PM 15346332 ER PT J AU Inoue, N Spira, T Lam, L Corchero, JL Luo, W AF Inoue, N Spira, T Lam, L Corchero, JL Luo, W TI Comparison of serologic responses between Kaposi's sarcoma-positive and -negative men who were seropositive for both human herpesvirus 8 and human immunodeficiency virus SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kaposi's sarcoma; human herpesvirus 8; HIV; serologic assays; ORF73; neutralizing antibodies ID HERPESVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; ASSAYS; RISK; INDIVIDUALS; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASES; LATENT; ENTRY AB Although the introduction of HAART decreased substantially the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), KS remains the most common cancer among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To define markers for progression to KS from the asymptomatic infection of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), serologic responses against HHV-8 were compared between KS-negative and -positive men who were seropositive for both FIN and HHV-8. There was no difference in prevalence of detectable neutralizing antibodies between the two groups. The prevalence of anti-ORF73 antibodies among the dual seropositive patients increased in proportion to their risk of KS. In specimens obtained from 11 HIV+ patients at different intervals over a period of 4-12 years, increase of anti-ORF73 antibody titers was observed in the patients who developed KS but not in the patients who did not develop KS. These results suggest that there is a difference in serologic response against ORF73 between the HIV patients with and without KS. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 1, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD TB & Lab Immunol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Inoue, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 1, Shinjuku Ku, 1-23-1 Toyama, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. EM ninoue@nih.go.jp RI Corchero, Jose/G-8413-2016 OI Corchero, Jose/0000-0002-6109-144X NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 74 IS 2 BP 202 EP 206 DI 10.1002/jmv.20167 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 850RY UT WOS:000223631300003 PM 15332267 ER PT J AU Taren, DL Duncan, B Shrestha, K Shrestha, N Genaro-Wolf, D Schleicher, RL Pfeiffer, CM Sowell, AL Greivenkamp, J Canfield, L AF Taren, DL Duncan, B Shrestha, K Shrestha, N Genaro-Wolf, D Schleicher, RL Pfeiffer, CM Sowell, AL Greivenkamp, J Canfield, L TI The night vision threshold test is a better predictor of low serum vitamin A concentration than self-reported night blindness in pregnant urban Nepalese women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the International-Vitamin-A-Consultative-Group CY FEB, 2003 CL Marrakech, MOROCCO SP Int Vitamin A Consultative Grp DE xerophthalmia; vitamin A; pregnancy; night blindness; epidemiology ID BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION; DARK-ADAPTATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; TEST NVTT; DEFICIENCY AB This study was conducted to validate the night vision threshold test (NVTT) as an indicator of night blindness. A total of 1401 pregnant women from the National Maternity Hospital participated in this study. Women were queried about night blindness and took the NVTT using standardized procedures after 10 min of dark adaptation. Sixteen percent failed the NVTT, but only 6.4% reported having night blindness. Blood samples from women who failed the NVTT (cases) and matched controls indicated the serum vitamin A (SVA) concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in cases (1.19 +/- 0.03 mumol/L) than in controls (1.29 +/-0.03 mumol/L). The SVA concentrations did not differ between women who reported and did not report night blindness. The SVA concentration was correlated (r = 0.22, P < 0.001) with the NVTT scores. Twenty-five percent of women with an SVA < 0.35 mumol/L reported night blindness while 100% failed the NVTT. Nineteen percent of women with an SVA < 0.70 mumol/L reported night blindness while 73% failed the NVTT. A receiver operating characteristics analysis indicated that the NVTT had greater sensitivity (0.73 vs. 0.19) and less specificity (0.51 vs. 0.87) compared with reported night blindness for women with SVA < 0.70 mumol/L and greater sensitivity (100.0 vs. 0.73) and similar specificity (0.51 vs. 0.50) for women with SVA < 0.35 mumol/L. The NVTT identified women with low SVA and self-reported night blindness was misleading. We provide a preliminary algorithm to predict the population of women with low SVA concentrations. C1 Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Arizona Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Tribhuwan Univ, Kathmandu, Nepal. Natl Eye Hosp, Kathmandu, Nepal. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. RP Taren, DL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Arizona Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM taren@email.arizona.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [R08/CCR918936] NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 134 IS 10 BP 2573 EP 2578 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 859SN UT WOS:000224288300014 PM 15465750 ER PT J AU Henneberger, PK Goe, SK Miller, WE Doney, B Groce, DW AF Henneberger, PK Goe, SK Miller, WE Doney, B Groce, DW TI Industries in the United States with airborne beryllium exposure and estimates of the number of current workers potentially exposed SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE beryllium; chronic beryllium disease; exposed workers; exposed workers; industry; sensitization ID DISEASE; SENSITIZATION; RISK AB Estimates of the number of workers in the United States occupationally exposed to beryllium were published in the 1970s and 1980s and ranged from 21,200 to 800,000. We obtained information from several sources to identify specific industries with beryllium exposure and to estimate the number of current workers potentially exposed to beryllium. We spoke with representatives from the primary beryllium industry and government agencies about the number of exposed workers in their facilities. To identify industries in the private sector but outside the primary industry, we used data from the Integrated Management Information System (IMIS), which is managed by the Occupational Saftey and Health Administration, and the Health Hazard Evaluation program of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. We used IMIS data from OSHA inspections with a previously developed algorithm to estimate the number of potentially exposed workers in nonprimary industries. Workers potentially exposed to beryllium included 1500 current employees in the primary beryllium industry and 26,500 individuals currently working for the Department of Energy or the Department of Defense. We identified 108 four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) categories in which at least one measurement of airborne beryllium was greater than or equal to 0.1 mug/m(3). Based on the subset of 94 SIC categories with beryllium greater than or equal to 0.1 mug/m(3), we estimated 26,400 to 106,000 workers may be exposed in the private sector (outside the primary industry). In total, there art as many as 134,000 current workers in government and private industry potentially exposed to beryllium in the United States. We recommend that the results of this study be used to target at-risk audiences for hazard communications intended to prevent beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Henneberger, PK (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS H-2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM pkh0@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 1 IS 10 BP 648 EP 659 DI 10.1080/15459620490502233 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860PP UT WOS:000224355800005 PM 15631056 ER PT J AU Dunn, KH Shulman, SA Cecala, AB Venturin, DE AF Dunn, KH Shulman, SA Cecala, AB Venturin, DE TI Case studies - Evaluation of a local exhaust ventilation system for controlling refractory ceramic fibers during disc sanding SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Unifrax Corp, Niagara Falls, NY USA. RP Dunn, KH (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Dunn, Kevin/I-2195-2012 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 1 IS 10 BP D107 EP D111 DI 10.1080/15459620490500785 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860PP UT WOS:000224355800001 PM 15631052 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Parnell, PG Sreekumar, C Vianna, MCB De Young, RW Dahl, E Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Parnell, PG Sreekumar, C Vianna, MCB De Young, RW Dahl, E Lehmann, T TI Biologic and molecular characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Canada goose (Branta canadensis), black-winged lory (Eos cyanogenia), and cats (Felis catus) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; CHICKENS; BRAZIL; PREVALENCE; VIRULENCE; GENOTYPE; ANIMALS; SHEEP; PIGS AB Toxoplasma gondii isolates can be grouped into 3 genetic lineages. Type I isolates are considered virulent to outbred mice, whereas Type II and III isolates are not. In the present report, viable T. gondii was isolated for the first time from striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Canada goose (Branta canadensis), and black-winged lory (Eos cyanogenia). For the isolation of T. gondii, tissues were bioassayed in mice, and genotyping was based on the SAG2 locus. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated front 3 of 6 skunks. 1 of 4 Canada geese, and 2 of 2 feral cats (Felis catus) from Mississippi. All donor animals were asymptomatic. Viable T. gondii was also isolated from 5 of 5 lories that had died of acute toxoplasmosis in an aviary in South Carolina. Genotypes of T. gondii isolates were Type III (all skunks, lories, and the goose) and Type II (both cats). All 5 Type III isolates from birds and 2 of the 3 isolates from skunks were mouse virulent. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clemson Vet Diagnost Ctr, Columbia, SC 29224 USA. Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 31 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1171 EP 1174 DI 10.1645/GE-340R PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 869GM UT WOS:000224971400035 PM 15562622 ER EF