FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ajani, UA Ford, ES Mokdad, AH AF Ajani, UA Ford, ES Mokdad, AH TI Examining the coverage of influenza vaccination among people with cardiovascular disease in the United States SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; REDUCED RISK; MORTALITY; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; VALIDATION; REDUCTION; EPIDEMIC; IMPACT; VIRUS AB Background People with chronic cardiovascular conditions are at increased risk of developing complications from relative common influenza infection. Methods We examined the coverage of influenza vaccination during the past 12 months among people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) using data from the National Health Interview Survey 2002. Results The coverage of influenza vaccination among people with CVD was observed to be less than optimum (32.7%) after adjusting for age. Among separate components studied, the coverage of influenza vaccination was highest among people with congestive heart failure (37.1%) and lowest among people with stroke (31.4%). Hypertension was the most commonly reported condition with influenza vaccination coverage of 32.6%. Only 22% of people with CVD aged <50 years reported receiving influenza vaccine in the past 12 months. For people in higher age groups with CVD, the coverage was 40.5% and 69.9% among people aged 50 to 64 years and >= 65 years, respectively. Conclusions People with CVID, especially those <50 years of age, should be encouraged to receive influenza vaccination to prevent influenza-related cardiovascular complications. C1 CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ajani, UA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM uajani@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 149 IS 2 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.07.028 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 906MD UT WOS:000227645400024 PM 15846262 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Croft, JB Giles, WH Anda, RF Mensah, GA AF Brown, DW Croft, JB Giles, WH Anda, RF Mensah, GA TI Epidemiology of pacemaker procedures among medicare enrollees in 1990, 1995, and 2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC PACING PRACTICES; UNITED-STATES AB Using Medicare hospital claims records and beneficiary enrollment data, the investigators describe the epidemiology of inpatient pacemaker procedures (international Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 37.80 to 37.89) in Medicare enrollees. From 1990 to 2000, the age-standardized inpatient pacemaker procedure prevalence (per 100,000 enrollees) increased from 325.4 to 504.4 in all Medicare beneficiaries. The prevalence increased significantly with age; was less for women than for men; and was less for blacks, Hispanics, and Asians than for whites. (C) 2005 by Excerpta Medica Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbrown6@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 409 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.09.046 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 892WD UT WOS:000226679800022 PM 15670557 ER PT J AU Morris, MC Evans, DA Tangney, CC Bienias, JL Wilson, RS Aggarwal, NT Scherr, PA AF Morris, MC Evans, DA Tangney, CC Bienias, JL Wilson, RS Aggarwal, NT Scherr, PA TI Relation of the tocopherol forms to incident Alzheimer disease and to cognitive change SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; alpha-tocopherol; gamma-tocopherol; beta-tocopherol; delta-tocopherol; antioxidant nutrients; Alzheimer disease; cognitive function; Chicago Health and Aging Project ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; VITAMIN-E; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; COMMUNITY POPULATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; DIETARY-INTAKE; OLDER PERSONS; RISK; REPRODUCIBILITY AB Background: High intake of vitamin E from food (tocopherol), but not from supplements (which usually contain a-tocopherol), is inversely associated with Alzheimer disease. Objective: We examined whether food intakes of vitamin E, a-tocopherol equivalents (a measure of the relative biologic activity of tocopherols and tocotrienols), or individual tocopherols would protect against incident Alzheimer disease and cognitive decline over 6 y in participants of the Chicago Health and Aging Project. Design: The 1993-2002 study of community residents aged 65 y included the administration of 4 cognitive tests and clinical evaluations for Alzheimer disease. Dietary assessment was by food-frequency questionnaire. Results: Tocopherol intake from food was related to the 4-y incidence of Alzheimer disease determined by logistic regression in 1041 participants who were clinically evaluated (n = 162 incident cases) and to change in a global cognitive score determined by mixed models in 3718 participants. Higher intakes of vitamin E (relative risk: 0.74 per 5 mg/d increase; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.88) and a-tocopherol equivalents (relative risk: 0.56 per 5 mg/d increase; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.98) were associated with a reduced incidence of Alzheimer disease in separate multiple-adjusted models that included intakes of saturated and trans fats and docosahexaenoic acid. alpha- and gamma-Tocopherol had independent associations. In separate mixed models, a slower rate of cognitive decline was associated with intakes of vitamin E, a-tocopherol equivalents, and alpha- and gamma-tocopherols. Conclusion: The results suggest that various tocopherol forms rather than a- tocopherol alone may be important in the vitamin E protective association with Alzheimer disease. C1 Rush Univ, Rush Inst Hlth Aging, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Dept Internal Med, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Dept Clin Nutr, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Dept Neurol Sci, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Dept Psychol, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morris, MC (reprint author), Rush Univ, Rush Inst Hlth Aging, Med Ctr, 1645 W Jackson,Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM martha_c_morris@rush.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG11101, AG13170] NR 45 TC 140 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 81 IS 2 BP 508 EP 514 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 896OJ UT WOS:000226943100025 PM 15699242 ER PT J AU Robinson, CF Burnett, CA AF Robinson, CF Burnett, CA TI Truck drivers and heart disease in the United States, 1979-1990 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ischemic heart disease; smoking; occupational risk factors; long haul truck drivers; smoking; cardiovascular; lung cancer; mortality ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; LUNG-CANCER; MORTALITY; DEATH; OCCUPATION; MECHANISMS; ACCURACY; SMOKING AB Background Studies of truck drivers and cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction, or ischemic heart disease (IHD) are limited, although studies of other professional drivers reported increased risk. Methods US mortality data from 1979 to 1990 for ages 15-90 were used to calculate proportional mortality ratios (PMRs)for heart disease and lung cancer for short and long haul truck drivers. Analysis was performed for Black (998 short haul and 13,241 long haul) truck drivers and White (4,929 short and 74,315 long haul) truck drivers separately. Results The highest significantly elevated proportionate heart disease (IHD. acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and other forms of heart disease) and lung cancer mortality was found for White and Black male long haul truck drivers age 15-54. Mortalin; was not significantly elevated for short haul truck drivers of either race or gender nor for truck drivers who died after age 65, except for lung cancer among White males. An indirect adjustment suggested that smoking could explain the excess IHD mortality, but no direct data for smoking or the other known risk factors for heart disease were available and occupational exposures were not measured. Conclusions The highest significant excess proportionate mortality for lull a cancer, IHD and AMI was found for long haul truck drivers who were under a age 55 at death. A cohort or longitudinal study of heart disease among long haul truck drivers, that obtains data for occupational exposures as well as lifestyle risk factors, could help explain inconsistencies between the findings of this and previous studies. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 NIOSH, Hlth Related Energy Res Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Robinson, CF (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Related Energy Res Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Mail Stop R-44,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cfr2@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 47 IS 2 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1002/ajim.20126 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 892BO UT WOS:000226624900003 PM 15662648 ER PT J AU Brinsley, K Srinivasan, A Sinkowitz-Cochran, R Lawton, R McIntyre, R Kravitz, G Burke, B Shadowen, R Cardo, D AF Brinsley, K Srinivasan, A Sinkowitz-Cochran, R Lawton, R McIntyre, R Kravitz, G Burke, B Shadowen, R Cardo, D TI Implementation of the campaign to prevent antimicrobial resistance in Healthcare settings: 12 steps to prevent antimicrobial resistance among hospitalized adults - Experiences from 3 institutions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ENTEROCOCCI; INFECTIONS C1 US Dept HHS, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. United Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, St Paul, MN USA. Boston Med Ctr, Dept Hosp Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis & Epidemiol, Bowling Green, KY USA. RP Brinsley, K (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aof4@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD FEB PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 53 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.12.003 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 899SL UT WOS:000227165100011 PM 15685136 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Giles, WH Mokdad, AH Ajani, UA AF Ford, ES Giles, WH Mokdad, AH Ajani, UA TI Microalbuminuria and concentrations of antioxidants among US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE albuminuria; antioxidants; ascorbic acid; carotenoids; health surveys; selenium; vitamin E ID URINARY ALBUMIN EXCRETION; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; BRITISH POPULATION; EPIC-NORFOLK; DISEASE; MORTALITY; RISK; HYPERTENSION; PREDICTOR; DEATH AB Background: Microalbuminuria may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Increased oxidative stress, which may be important in the pathophysiological process of cardiovascular disease, occurs frequently in people with microalbuminuria and could depress their antioxidant concentrations, which then could contribute to end-organ damage associated with microalbuminuria. Methods: We examined associations between microalbuminuria and circulating concentrations of vitamins A, C, and E and carotenoids in 9,575 US adults aged 20 years or older who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1994). Results: After adjustment for age, sex, race or ethnicity, education, smoking status, cotinine concentration, physical activity, alcohol use, fruit and vegetable intake, vitamin or mineral use during the past 24 hours, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin, and C-reactive protein concentrations, concentrations of beta-cryptoxanthin (odds ratio for quartile of highest concentration compared with quartile of lowest concentration, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.38 to 0.82), lutein/zeaxanthin (odds ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.37 to 0.94), lycopene (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.89), and total carotenoids (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.38 to 0.75) were associated inversely with microalbuminuria. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium concentrations were not significantly associated with microalbuminuria. Conclusion: People with microalbuminuria may have reduced concentrations of selected antioxidants. Additional research is needed to examine the relationships between microalbuminuria and antioxidant status, mechanisms for depletion of antioxidants, and possible benefits from increased intake of antioxidants through dietary change or the use of supplements in people with microalbuminuria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2 BP 248 EP 255 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.09.024 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 896CU UT WOS:000226913000002 PM 15685501 ER PT J AU Beck, LF Gilbert, BC Shults, RA AF Beck, LF Gilbert, BC Shults, RA TI Prevalence of seat belt use among reproductive-aged women and prenatal counseling to wear seat belts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE injury; seat belt; counseling; prenatal care ID MOTOR-VEHICLE CRASHES; PREGNANT-WOMEN; FETAL OUTCOMES; MATERNAL DEATH; SAFETY; TRAUMA; RESTRAINT; PROVIDERS; INJURIES; IMPACT AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of counseling to wear seat belts during pregnancy and seat belt use among women of reproductive age. Study design: Self-reported data from 2 population-based surveys were used to examine counseling to wear seat belts during pregnancy and seat belt use among reproductive-aged women. Results: The prevalence of counseling to wear seat belts during pregnancy ranged from 36.7% to 56.5% across 19 states. The prevalence of seat belt use among reproductive-aged women ranged from 69.5% to 91.4% across 19 states. Younger, non-Hispanic black, and less educated pregnant women were more likely to report counseling, but reproductive-aged women with these characteristics were less likely than older, non-Hispanic white, and more educated women to use seat belts. Conclusion: Most women are not counseled about seat belt use during pregnancy. Providers should ensure that this topic is discussed with each patient. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beck, LF (reprint author), NCIPC, CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LBeck@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 192 IS 2 BP 580 EP 585 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.07.027 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 897FI UT WOS:000226989000042 PM 15696006 ER PT J AU Bacak, SJ Callaghan, WM Dietz, PM Crouse, C AF Bacak, SJ Callaghan, WM Dietz, PM Crouse, C TI Pregnancy-associated hospitalizations in the United States, 1999-2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pregnancy hospitalizations; pregnancy complications; pregnancy loss; maternal morbidity ID COMPLICATIONS; MANAGEMENT AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine nondelivery, pregnancy- associated hospitalizations in the United States and the factors associated with them. Study design: Population-based nondelivery hospitalizations during pregnancy were obtained from the 1999 and 2000 National Hospital Discharge Survey. Ratios of hospitalizations per 100 deliveries were calculated and analyzed by age, race, and payment source. Results: The pregnancy-associated hospitalization ratio for 1999 through 2000 was 12.8 per 100 deliveries (95% CI, 11.8-13.8). Hospitalizations were highest among young women, African American women, and women without private insurance. Preterm labor, nausea and/or vomiting, and genitourinary complications accounted for one half of antenatal hospitalizations. Conclusion: Pregnancy-associated hospitalizations declined during the 1990s. This may represent a decline in maternal morbidity or a change in management of pregnancy complications. Future research should be expanded to assess trends in morbidity treated in settings outside of hospitals. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bacak, SJ (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM sbacak@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 192 IS 2 BP 592 EP 597 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.638 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 897FI UT WOS:000226989000044 PM 15696008 ER PT J AU Hahn, R AF Hahn, R CA Task Force on Community Preventive TI Recommendations to reduce violence through early childhood home visitation, therapeutic foster care, and firearms laws SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMS; OUTCOMES C1 CDC, Community Guide, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hahn, R (reprint author), CDC, Community Guide, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-90,Room 4403, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RHahn@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 SU 1 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.001 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 898DY UT WOS:000227057600003 ER PT J AU Bilukha, O Hahn, RA Crosby, A Fullilove, MT Liberman, A Moscicki, E Snyder, S Tuma, F Corso, P Schofield, A Briss, PA AF Bilukha, O Hahn, RA Crosby, A Fullilove, MT Liberman, A Moscicki, E Snyder, S Tuma, F Corso, P Schofield, A Briss, PA CA Task Force on Community Preventive TI The effectiveness of early childhood home visitation in preventing violence - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTHY START PROGRAM; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; 15-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; ABUSE PREVENTION; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; AT-RISK; SERVICES; OUTCOMES; NEGLECT C1 CDCP, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat & Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Natl Inst Justice, Washington, DC USA. NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), CDCP, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-90, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RHahn@cdc.gov NR 75 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 SU 1 BP 11 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.004 PG 29 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 898DY UT WOS:000227057600004 PM 15698746 ER PT J AU Hahn, RA Bilukha, O Crosby, A Fullilove, MT Liberman, A Moscicki, E Snyder, S Tuma, F Briss, PA AF Hahn, RA Bilukha, O Crosby, A Fullilove, MT Liberman, A Moscicki, E Snyder, S Tuma, F Briss, PA CA Task Force on Community Preventive TI Firearms laws and the reduction of violence - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; CARRY CONCEALED HANDGUNS; DISTRICT-OF-COLUMBIA; GUN-CONTROL LAWS; UNITED-STATES; SUICIDE RATES; HOMICIDE; CRIME; IMPACT; CANADA C1 CDCP, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Violence Prevent Rev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat & Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Natl Inst Justice, Washington, DC USA. NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), CDCP, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Violence Prevent Rev, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-90, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RHahn@cdc.gov NR 120 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 SU 1 BP 40 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.005 PG 32 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 898DY UT WOS:000227057600005 PM 15698747 ER PT J AU Hahn, RA Bilukha, O Lowy, J Crosby, A Fullilove, MT Liberman, A Moscicki, E Snyder, S Tuma, F Corso, P Schofield, A AF Hahn, RA Bilukha, O Lowy, J Crosby, A Fullilove, MT Liberman, A Moscicki, E Snyder, S Tuma, F Corso, P Schofield, A CA Task Force on Community Preventive TI The effectiveness of therapeutic foster care for the prevention of violence - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SERVICES; OFFENDERS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIOR C1 CDCP, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, Natl Ctr Hlth Marketing, Div Sci Commun, New York, NY USA. Natl Inst Justice, Washington, DC USA. NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), CDCP, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-90, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Rhahn@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 SU 1 BP 72 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.ampre.2004.10.007 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 898DY UT WOS:000227057600006 PM 15698748 ER PT J AU Frank, LD Schmid, TL Sallis, JF Chapman, J Saelens, BE AF Frank, LD Schmid, TL Sallis, JF Chapman, J Saelens, BE TI Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form - Findings from SMARTRAQ SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SCIENCE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; COMMUNITY DESIGN; ACTIVITY MONITOR; LAND-USE; ADULTS; INC.; TRANSPORTATION; PARTICIPATION; ACCELEROMETER AB Background: To date, nearly all research on physical activity and the built environment is based on self-reported physical activity and perceived assessment of the built environment. Objective: To assess how objectively measured levels of physical activity are related with objectively measured aspects of the physical environment around each participant's home while controlling for sociodemographic covariates. Methods: Objective measures of the built environment unique to each household's physical location were developed within a geographic information system to assess land-use mix, residential density, and street connectivity. These measures were then combined into a walkability index. Accelerometers were deployed over a 2-day period to capture objective levels of physical activity in 357 adults. Results: Measures of land-use mix, residential density, and intersection density were positively related with number of minutes of moderate physical activity per day. A combined walkability index of these urban form factors was significant (p =0.002) and explained additional variation in the number of minutes of moderate activity per day over sociodemographic covariates. Thirty-seven percent of individuals in the highest walkability index quartile met the :30 minutes of physical activity recommended, compared to only 18% of individuals in the lowest walkability quartile. Individuals in the highest walkability quartile were 2.4 times more likely (confidence interval = 1. 18 - 4.88) than individuals in the lowest walkability quartile to meet the recommended 30 minutes of moderate physical activity per day. Conclusions: This research supports the hypothesis that community design is significantly associated with moderate levels of physical activity. These results support the rationale for the development of policy that promotes increased levels of land-use mix, street connectivity, and residential density as interventions that can have lasting public health benefits. C1 Univ British Columbia, Sch Community & Reg Planning, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Lawrence Frank & Co Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Frank, LD (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Sch Community & Reg Planning, 1933 W Mall,Room 231, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. EM ldfrank@interchange.ubc.ca RI Freeman, Lance/B-8774-2009 NR 28 TC 505 Z9 512 U1 4 U2 101 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 SU 2 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.11.001 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 898DZ UT WOS:000227057700004 PM 15694519 ER PT J AU Tao, GY Patterson, E Lee, LM Sansom, S Teran, S Irwin, KL AF Tao, GY Patterson, E Lee, LM Sansom, S Teran, S Irwin, KL TI Estimating prenatal syphilis and HIV screening rates for commercially insured women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; CARE PROVIDERS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; PHYSICIANS; QUALITY; COST AB Objective: Although routine serologic testing for syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for all pregnant women, is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and many health professional organizations, little is known about the extent of prenatal syphilis and HIV screening rates among commercially insured pregnant women. Methods: A claims database for a large commercially insured population was analyzed to estimate syphilis and HIV screening rates for pregnant women who were continuously enrolled in the same health insurance plan during 1998 and 1999 in, 13 U.S. states. Diagnostic and procedural services were used to determine pregnancy status, receipt of prenatal care, and syphilis and HIV testing during pregnancy. Results: Of 13,250 identified pregnancies, 12,156 (92%) were among women who had prenatal visits; 8368 (63%) included claims for syphilis testing; and 4411 (33%) included claims for HIV testing. Of the 8368 pregnancies with syphilis testing, 6326 (76%) included syphilis tests that were performed during the initial prenatal visit. Of the 4411 pregnancies with HIV testing, 3168 (72%): included HIV testing on the initial prenatal visit. Of 4249 pregnancies with syphilis and HIV testing, 3146 (74%) included HIV testing and syphilis testing on the initial prenatal visit. Conclusions: Most HIV and syphilis tests had been provided during initial prenatal visits among women who had HIV and syphilis testing. Prenatal screening rates for syphilis and HIV identified through claims were lower than expected. This may be due to deficiencies in documentation of syphilis and HIV screening in administrative databases or actual screening rates. Further investigation is needed to determine how accurately claims data can measure actual screening practices. (C) 2005 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 CDCP, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Demog, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Tao, GY (reprint author), CDCP, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gat3@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.001 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 897EK UT WOS:000226986600005 PM 15710273 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Okoro, CA Chapman, DP Balluz, LS Ford, ES Ajani, UA Mokdad, AH AF Strine, TW Okoro, CA Chapman, DP Balluz, LS Ford, ES Ajani, UA Mokdad, AH TI Health-related quality of life and health risk behaviors among smokers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; SELF-REPORTED SMOKING; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MENTAL-HEALTH; VALIDITY; COHORT AB Background: It is well established that smoking has detrimental effects on physical health, but its associations with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and a variety of health behaviors have not been widely investigated in the U.S. population. Methods: Data obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an ongoing, state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of non-institutionalized persons aged greater than or equal to18 years in the United States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, were used in this investigation. The BRFSS monitors the prevalence of key health- and safety-related behaviors and characteristics. In 2001 and 2002 combined, trained interviewers administered HRQOL questions in 23 states and the District of Columbia (n=82,918). This analysis was conducted in 2004. Results: Overall, an estimated 22.4% of adults were current smokers, 24.1% were former smokers, and 53.6% never smoked. Current smokers had significantly poorer HRQOL than those who had never smoked, and were more likely to drink heavily, to binge drink, and to report depressive and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, current smokers were significantly more likely than those who never smoked to be physically inactive, to report frequent sleep impairment, to report frequent pain, and to eat less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Conclusions: While there are strong positive relationships between smoking and both alcohol consumption and mood disturbance, smoking is also associated with an array of other modifiable risk factors meriting assessment and intervention. In addition to smoking cessation, the increased morbidity and mortality characterizing smokers may potentially be further reduced by improvements in diet, physical activity, and sleep. (C) 2005 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Communtiy Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Communtiy Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.ampre.2004.10.002 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 897EK UT WOS:000226986600006 PM 15710274 ER PT J AU Murphy-Hoefer, R Griffith, R Pederson, LL Crossett, L Iyer, SR Hiller, MD AF Murphy-Hoefer, R Griffith, R Pederson, LL Crossett, L Iyer, SR Hiller, MD TI A review of interventions to reduce tobacco use in colleges and universities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SMOKING CESSATION; CONTROL POLICIES; YOUNG-ADULTS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; CIGARETTE USE; STUDENTS; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM; IDENTIFICATION; RECRUITMENT AB Background: Interventions have been designed to reduce the prevalence of smoking in college/ university students. This review presents a summary and synthesis of the interventions published in English from 1980 to the present. Methods: Seven databases were searched for relevant published articles, and reference lists were examined for additional published studies. The studies were categorized as (1) individual approaches, such as on-campus cessation programs, and (2) institutional approaches, such as smoke-free policies. The studies were categorized by type of institution and geographic location, study design, sample demographics, and outcomes. Results: Fourteen studies were identified; only five received a "satisfactory" rating based on evaluation criteria. Most studies were based on convenience samples, and were conducted in 4-year institutions. Seven studies used comparison groups, and three were multi-institutional. Individual approaches included educational group sessions and/or individual counseling that were conducted on campus mostly by healthcare personnel. None used nicotine replacement or other medications for cessation. The quit rates for both smokeless tobacco, and cigarette users varied, depending on definitions and duration of follow-up contact. Institutional interventions focused mainly on campus smoking restrictions, smoke-free policies, antitobacco messages, and cigarette pricing. Results indicated that interventions can have a positive influence on student behavior, specifically by reducing tobacco use (i.e., prevalence of cigarette smoking and use of smokeless products, amount smoked) among college students, and increasing acceptability of smoking policies and campus restrictions among both tobacco users and nonusers. Conclusions: While some promising results have been noted, rigorous evaluations of a wider range of programs are needed, along with studies that address cultural and ethnic diversity on campuses. (C) 2005 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Div Adolescent, Atlanta, GA USA. Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Murphy-Hoefer, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Mail Stop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zfg1@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 188 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.ampere.2004.10.015 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 897EK UT WOS:000226986600007 PM 15710275 ER PT J AU Kammerer, JS McNabb, SJN Becerra, JE Rosenblum, L Shang, N Iademarco, MF Navin, TR AF Kammerer, JS McNabb, SJN Becerra, JE Rosenblum, L Shang, N Iademarco, MF Navin, TR TI Tuberculosis transmission in nontraditional settings - A decision-tree approach SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONTACT INVESTIGATIONS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE NETWORK; POPULATION; OUTBREAK AB Background: Tuberculosis (TB) transmission in nontraditional settings and relationships (non-TSR) often eludes detection by conventional contact investigation and is increasingly common. The U.S.-based National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network collected epidemiologic data and genotyping results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from 1996 to 2000. Methods: In 2003-2004, we determined the number and characteristics of TB patients in non-TSR that were involved in recent transmission, generated a decision tree to profile those patients, and performed a case-control study to identify predictors of being in non-TSR. Results: Of 10,844 culture-positive reported TB cases that were genotyped, 4724 (43.6%) M. tuberculosis isolates were clustered with at least one other isolate. Among these, 520 (11%) had epidemiologic linkages discovered during conventional contact investigation or cluster investigation and confirmed by genotyping results. The decision tree identified race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white or black) as having the greatest predictive ability to determine patients in non-TSR, followed by being aged 15 to 24 years and, having positive or unknown HIV infection status. From the 520, 85 (16.4%) had non-TSR, and 435 (83.6%) had traditional settings and relationships (TSR). In multivariate analyses, patients in non-TSR were significantly more likely than those in TSR to be non-Hispanic white (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=6.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.7-21.1]) or to have an M. tuberculosis isolate resistant to rifampin (aOR=5.2; 95, CI= 1.5-17.7). Conclusions: Decision-tree analyses can be used to enhance both the efficiency and effectiveness of TB prevention and control activities in identifying patients in non-TSR. (C) 2005 American journal: of Preventive Medicine. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Team, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, Div TB Eliminat,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kammerer, JS (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol Team, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, Div TB Eliminat,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fzk3@cdc.gov RI Becerra, Jose/C-4071-2014 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 897EK UT WOS:000226986600008 PM 15710276 ER PT J AU Allred, NJ Shaw, KM Santibanez, TA Rickert, DL Santoli, JM AF Allred, NJ Shaw, KM Santibanez, TA Rickert, DL Santoli, JM TI Parental vaccine safety concerns - Results from the National Immunization Survey, 2001-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH BELIEFS; ATTITUDES; CHILDREN; UNDERIMMUNIZATION; PEDIATRICIANS; KNOWLEDGE; PERTUSSIS; RISK AB Background: According to the 2002 National Immunization Survey (NIS), vaccination coverage with recommended vaccines among U.S. children aged 19 to 35 months remained near all-time highs. Sustaining this high coverage requires significant effort, including consideration of parental vaccine safety concerns that have led to decreasing coverage in other countries. Methods: The Parental Knowledge and Experiences module was administered to a random subset of NIS respondents from July 2001 to December 2002. The module included questions regarding attitudes toward vaccine safety and side effects, simultaneous vaccine administration, and acceptance of new vaccines. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined associations between attitudes and up-to-date (UTD) vaccination coverage (four or more doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, three or more doses of poliovirus vaccine, one or more doses of any measles-containing vaccine, three or more doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, and three or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine), while controlling for demographics. Results: Ninety-three percent of parents rated vaccines as safe, 6% as neither safe nor unsafe, and 1% as unsafe. After adjusting for demographics, parental safety belief was significantly associated with the child's, vaccination status. For children whose parents believed vaccines are safe, the odds of being UTD were 2.9 times the odds of being UTD for children of parents who believed vaccines are unsafe (75% vs. 53%, respectively). Children whose parents were neutral about the safety of vaccines had vaccination coverage similar to children whose parents believed vaccines are unsafe. Conclusions: A significant association with vaccine coverage was found for a small group of parents with high vaccine safety concerns. Strategies focused on safety concerns may yield better protection for these children. (C) 2005 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Allred, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nallred@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 221 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.014 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 897EK UT WOS:000226986600011 PM 15710279 ER PT J AU VanDevanter, NL Messeri, P Middlestadt, SE Bleakley, A Merzel, CR Hogben, M Ledsky, R Malotte, K Cohall, RM Gift, TL Lawrence, JSS AF VanDevanter, NL Messeri, P Middlestadt, SE Bleakley, A Merzel, CR Hogben, M Ledsky, R Malotte, K Cohall, RM Gift, TL Lawrence, JSS TI A community-based intervention designed to increase preventive health care seeking among adolescents: The Gonorrhea community action project SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; ACCESS AB Objectives. We evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention designed to increase preventive health care seeking among adolescents. Methods. Adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 21 years, recruited from community-based organizations in 2 different communities, were randomized into either a 3-session intervention or a control condition. We estimated outcomes from 3-month follow-up data using logistic and ordinary least squares regression. Results. Female intervention participants were significantly more likely than female control participants to have scheduled a health care appointment (odds ratio [OR] = 3.04), undergone a checkup (OR = 2.87), and discussed with friends or family members the importance of undergoing a checkup (OR = 45). There were no differences between male intervention and male control participants in terms of outcomes. Conclusions. This theory-driven, community-based group intervention significantly increased preventive health care seeking among female adolescents. Further research is needed, however, to identify interventions that will produce successful outcomes among male adolescents. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Appl Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Hlth Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP VanDevanter, NL (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Appl Publ Hlth, 722 W 168th St,12th Floor, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM nlv1@columbia.edu NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2005 VL 95 IS 2 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2003.028357 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 895HG UT WOS:000226851000032 PM 15671472 ER PT J AU Tauras, JA Chaloupka, FJ Farrelly, MC Giovino, GA Wakefield, M Johnston, LD O'Malley, PM Kloska, DD Pechacek, TF AF Tauras, JA Chaloupka, FJ Farrelly, MC Giovino, GA Wakefield, M Johnston, LD O'Malley, PM Kloska, DD Pechacek, TF TI State tobacco control spending and youth smoking SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CONTROL PROGRAM; IMPACT AB Objective. We examined the relationship between state-level tobacco control expenditures and youth smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption. Methods. We estimated a 2-part model of cigarette demand using data from the 1991 through 2000 nationally representative surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students as part of the Monitoring the Future project. Results. We found that real per capita expenditures on tobacco control had a negative and significant impact on youth smoking prevalence and on the average number of cigarettes smoked by smokers. Conclusions. Had states represented by the Monitoring the Future sample and the District of Columbia spent the minimum amount of money recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the prevalence of smoking among youths would have been between 3.3% and 13.5% lower than the rate we observed over this period. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Econ MC 144, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Hlth Policy, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Hlth Behav, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tauras, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Econ MC 144, 601 S Morgan, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM tauras@uic.edu RI Wakefield, Melanie/E-5019-2012; O'Malley, Patrick/B-1582-2016; Johnston, Lloyd/B-2150-2016 OI O'Malley, Patrick/0000-0001-9000-2824; Johnston, Lloyd/0000-0001-7254-7935 FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA001411] NR 29 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2005 VL 95 IS 2 BP 338 EP 344 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.039727 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 895HG UT WOS:000226851000033 PM 15671473 ER PT J AU Harrington, LC Scott, TW Lerdthusnee, K Coleman, RC Costero, A Clark, GG Jones, JJ Kitthawee, S Kittayapong, P Sithiprasasna, R Edman, JD AF Harrington, LC Scott, TW Lerdthusnee, K Coleman, RC Costero, A Clark, GG Jones, JJ Kitthawee, S Kittayapong, P Sithiprasasna, R Edman, JD TI Dispersal of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti within and between rural communities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MARK-RELEASE-RECAPTURE; PUERTO-RICO; DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; STICKY OVITRAPS; POPULATION-SIZE; VILLAGE; MOVEMENT; SURVIVAL; THAILAND; BLOOD AB Knowledge of mosquito dispersal is critical for vector-borne disease control and prevention strategies and for understanding population structure and pathogen dissemination. We determined Aedes aegypti flight range and dispersal patterns from 21 mark-release-recapture experiments conducted over 11 years (1991-2002) in Puerto Rico and Thailand. Dispersal was compared by release location, sex, age, season, and village. For all experiments, the majority of mosquitoes were collected from their release house or adjacent house. Inter-village movement was detected rarely, with a few mosquitoes moving a maximum of 512 meters from one Thai village to the next. Average dispersal distances were similar for males and females and females released indoors versus outdoors. The movement of Ae. aegypti was not influenced by season or age, but differed by village. Results demonstrate that adult Ae. aegypti disperse relatively short distances. suggesting that people rather than mosquitoes are the primary mode of dengue virus dissemination within and among communities. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok, Thailand. NIAID, Entomol Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Ctr Vectors & Vector Borne Dis, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Harrington, LC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM lch27@cornell.edu; twscott@ucdqavis.edu; Colemanre@amedd.army.mil; acostero@niaid.hih.gov; ggc1@cdc.gov; james.jones@afrims.org; grskt@mucc.mahidol.ac.th; grpkt@mucc.mahidol.ac.th; ratanas@afrims.org; jdedman@ucdavis.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-22119] NR 36 TC 241 Z9 246 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 BP 209 EP 220 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 903CE UT WOS:000227402200017 PM 15741559 ER PT J AU White, JF Levin, L Villareal, M Murphy, K Biagini, R Wellinghoff, L St Clair, HG Bernstein, DI AF White, JF Levin, L Villareal, M Murphy, K Biagini, R Wellinghoff, L St Clair, HG Bernstein, DI TI Lack of correlation between regional pollen counts and percutaneous reactivity to tree pollen extracts in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHORT RAGWEED ALLERGEN; T-CELL RESPONSES; CROSS-REACTIVITY; AIRBORNE POLLEN; PLANT; AMB AB Background: Although seasonal patterns of tree pollination have been reported, it is unknown if aerobiologic data correlate with patterns of in vivo sensitization. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between regional tree pollen exposure and patterns of in vivo percutaneous reactivity to specific tree pollen extracts in a local patient population with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Methods: Patients with spring seasonal allergic rhinitis and percutaneous sensitivity to 1 or more regional tree pollens were studied. Tree pollen counts were collected at the same urban site from 1997 to 2002 and at a suburban site in 2002. Patients underwent skin prick testing with commercial extracts of 15 indigenous tree species. Serum specific IgE measurements were assayed in a subset of sensitized patients. Results: Of 127 patients who reported symptoms consistent with seasonal allergic rhinitis during the spring pollen season, 93 qualified based on demonstration of at least 1 positive skin prick test result. Mean 5-year pollen counts (1997-2001) and 2002 urban counts were highly correlated (Spearman r = 0.95, P <.001), indicating that year-to-year pollen counts were consistent. No significant correlation was found between mean seasonal pollen counts (urban site, 1997-2001) and frequencies of skin prick test reactivity to specific tree pollen allergens (Spearman r = -0.03, P =.93). No significant relationship was found between 5-year mean tree pollen counts and positive serum specific IgE tests for specific tree pollens (Spearman r = -0.42, P =.30). Eight of 15 species elicited percutaneous reactions in more than 50% of patients (ie, satisfying definition of a major in vivo allergen). However, 6 of the 8 major tree allergens each represented 5% or less of 5-year mean total tree pollen counts. Conclusion: No correlation was found between overall frequencies of in vivo sensitization to tree pollen allergens in a local population and regional pollen exposure data. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Allergy Immunol, Dept Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Bernstein Clin Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Hamilton Cty Environm Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Bernstein, DI (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Allergy Immunol, Dept Med, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM bernstdd@ucmail.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES11170-01] NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 94 IS 2 BP 240 EP 246 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 900OH UT WOS:000227223700008 PM 15765739 ER PT J AU Budnitz, DS Pollock, DA Mendelsohn, AB Weidenbach, KN McDonald, AK Annest, JL AF Budnitz, DS Pollock, DA Mendelsohn, AB Weidenbach, KN McDonald, AK Annest, JL TI Emergency department visits for outpatient adverse drug events: Demonstration for a national surveillance system SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; PREVENTABILITY; INJURIES AB Study objective: This project demonstrates the operational feasibility and epidemiologic usefulness of modifying a national injury surveillance system for active surveillance of outpatient adverse drug events treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs). Methods: Coders were trained to identify and report physician-documented adverse drug event's in 9 of 64 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program hospital EDs (occurring July 17, 2002, to September 30, 2002). Feasibility was measured by timeliness and completeness of adverse drug event reporting. Outcomes (ED discharge disposition and injury type) and associated variables (age, sex, drug category, and adverse drug event mechanism) were measured. Results: There were 598 patients with physician-documented adverse drug events (7 per 1,000 visits). Nearly 70% of adverse drug event cases were reported within 7 days of the ED visit; key data elements (drug name, disposition from ED, and event description) were completed for more than 98% of cases. Nine percent of patients with adverse drug events were hospitalized, and unintentional overdoses was the most common mechanism of adverse drug events (39%). Patients with unintentional overdoses were more likely to be hospitalized than those with adverse drug reactions (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 5.9, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 2.2 to 16; adverse-effects referent; allergic reactions, adjusted OR 0.7, 95% Cl 0.2 to 2.4). Warfarin and insulins were associated with 16% of adverse drug events overall and 33% of-adverse drug events in patients aged 50 years or older. Conclusion: Active surveillance for outpatient adverse drug events using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program is feasible. Ongoing, population-based ED surveillance can help characterize the burden of outpatient adverse drug events, prioritize areas for further research and intervention, and monitor progress on adverse drug event prevention. C1 CDCP, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Program Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Injury & Disabil Outcomes & Programs, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Off Drug Safety Food & Drug Adm, Div Surveillance Res & Commun Support, Rockville, MD USA. Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Div Hazard & Injury Data Syst, Directorate Epidemiol, Washington, DC USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Budnitz, DS (reprint author), CDC, NCIPC, DIDOP, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS-F41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbudnitz@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 5 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.09.020 PG 10 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 893GP UT WOS:000226707600013 PM 15671977 ER PT J AU Macaluso, M Wang, XQ Brill, I Fleenor, M Robey, L Kelaghan, J Johnson, C AF Macaluso, M Wang, XQ Brill, I Fleenor, M Robey, L Kelaghan, J Johnson, C TI Participation and retention in a study of female condom use among women at high STD risk SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiologic methods; sociodemographic factors; high-risk behavior ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; INTERVENTION; CLINICS; PREVENTION; DESIGN AB PURPOSE: Differential participation and retention can bias the findings of a follow-up study. This problem was evaluated in a study of barrier contraception among women at high STD risk. The goal of this study was to identify predictors of participation and retention and determine whether they could influence study results. METHODS: Six-month follow-up study of women attending STD clinics. Determinants of participation and retention were evaluated using logistic and proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Agreement to participate was associated with young age, black race, low education and income, older age at first intercourse, the number of lifetime partners, and STD history. Early attrition was associated with young age, non-black race, higher income, lack of interest/commitment to using the female condom, high coital frequency, no STD history, not using a birth control method at baseline, and with inconsistent condom use, high coital frequency, and pregnancy during follow up. CONCLUSIONS: There was little evidence that differential participation influenced the validity of the study. Differential attrition may have biased behavioral measures of intervention effectiveness, but not necessarily measures of condom use effectiveness. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Jefferson Cty Dept Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Madison Cty Hlth Dept, Huntsville, AL USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Macaluso, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mmacaluso@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-1-3135]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU409679-02] NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.05.005 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 894IR UT WOS:000226785100004 PM 15652715 ER PT J AU Maus, CE Plikaytis, BB Shinnick, TM AF Maus, CE Plikaytis, BB Shinnick, TM TI Mutation of tlyA confers capreomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID CROSS-RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIOMYCIN RESISTANCE; RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT; DRUG-RESISTANCE; GENOME SEQUENCE; RNA; SMEGMATIS; KANAMYCIN; METHYLTRANSFERASE AB Capreomycin, an important drug for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, is a macrocyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Saccharothrix mutabolis subspecies capreolus. The basis of resistance to this drug was investigated by isolating and characterizing capreomycin-resistant strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Colonies resistant to capreomycin were recovered from a library of transposon-mutagenized M. smegmatis. The transposon insertion site of one mutant was mapped to an open reading frame in the unfinished M. smegmatis genome corresponding to the tlyA gene (Rv1694) in the M. tuberculosis H37Rv genome. In M. smegmatis spontaneous capreomycin-resistant mutants, the dyA gene was disrupted by one of three different naturally occurring insertion elements. Genomic DNAs from pools of transposon mutants of M. tuberculosis H37Rv were screened by PCR by using primers to the tlyA gene and the transposon to detect mutants with an insertion in the tlyA gene. One capreomycin-resistant mutant was recovered that contained the transposon inserted at base 644 of the tlyA gene. Complementation with the wild-type dyA gene restored susceptibility to capreomycin in the M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis tlyA transposon mutants. Mutations were found in the tlyA genes of 28 spontaneous capreomycin-resistant mutants generated from three different M. tuberculosis strains and in the tlyA genes of capreomycin-resistant clinical isolates. In in vitro transcription-translation assays, ribosomes from tlyA mutant but not tlyA(+) strains resist capreomycin inhibition of transcription-translation. Therefore, TlyA appears to affect the ribosome, and mutation of tlyA confers capreomycin resistance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Program Microbiol & Mol Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Shinnick, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mail Stop G35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tms1@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 105 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 571 EP 577 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.2.571-577.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 893HM UT WOS:000226709900015 PM 15673735 ER PT J AU Pletz, MWR McGee, L Beall, B Whitney, CG Klugman, KP AF Pletz, MWR McGee, L Beall, B Whitney, CG Klugman, KP TI Interspecies recombination in type II topoisomerase genes is not a major cause of fluoroquinolone resistance in invasive streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in the United States SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID VIRIDANS GROUP STREPTOCOCCI; ADULTS AB Mutations in the topoisomerase type II enzymes account for fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. These mutations can arise spontaneously or be transferred by intraspecies or interspecies recombination, primarily with viridans streptococci. We analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the quinolone resistance-determining regions of 49 invasive levofloxacin-resistant pneumococcal isolates and did not find any evidence for interspecies recombination. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pletz, MWR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Sch Med, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mpletz@sph.emory.edu RI Pletz, Mathias/C-6848-2009; OI Pletz, Mathias/0000-0001-8157-2753 NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 779 EP 780 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.2.779-780.2005 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 893HM UT WOS:000226709900046 PM 15673766 ER PT J AU Borst, A Raimer, MT Warnock, DW Morrison, CJ Arthington-Skaggs, BA AF Borst, A Raimer, MT Warnock, DW Morrison, CJ Arthington-Skaggs, BA TI Rapid acquisition of stable azole resistance by Candida glabrata isolates obtained before the clinical introduction of Fluconazole SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; TRANSPORTER GENE; ALBICANS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTIONS; CORRELATE; PATIENT AB Five azole-susceptible Candida glabrata isolates obtained before 1975 became resistant to fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole within 4 days of in vitro fluconazole exposure. This cross-resistance was stable for at least 4 months after removal of fluconazole and was associated with increased CgCDR1 and CgCDR2 expression. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Arthington-Skaggs, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BSkaggs@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 51 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 783 EP 787 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.2.783-787.2005 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 893HM UT WOS:000226709900048 PM 15673768 ER PT J AU Whittier, DK Lawrence, JS Seeley, S AF Whittier, DK Lawrence, JS Seeley, S TI Sexual risk Behavior of men who have sex with men: Comparison of behavior at home and at a gay resort SO ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE sexual risk; gay men; vacation; unprotected anal intercourse ID SAN-FRANCISCO; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HIV SEROCONVERSION; CLINIC ATTENDERS; SPRING BREAK; YOUNG MEN; TRAVELERS; PREVALENCE; INCREASES; GONORRHEA AB This study compared sexual behavior of gay and bisexual men (N = 551) while at their primary residence to their behavior while vacationing at a gay resort community. Participants reported behavior for the days they spent in the resort and for their last 60 days in their home residences. Overall, I I times more non-main partners were reported for unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) per day while in the resort as for the "at home" period. Regression analysis identified negative attitudes toward condoms, less concern about AIDS, and daily number of non-main, male partners at home with whom UAI occurred as significant predictors of the daily number of non-main male partners with whom holidaymakers engaged in UAI while in the resort area. The results suggest that sexual risk taking by men who have sex with men (MSM) while on holiday may be elevated over that at home and that prevention efforts need to be promoted in gay resorts. Behavioral surveillance research would be helpful in better characterizing the current social contexts of sexual risk taking by MSM. Theory-based studies of the nature of risk-taking and sexual decision-making on "gay holiday" could inform the development of empirically proven and conceptually grounded interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Re Branch, Div STD Prevnet, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CAMP Rehoboth, Rehoboth, DE USA. RP Whittier, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Re Branch, Div STD Prevnet, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dwhittier@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0004-0002 J9 ARCH SEX BEHAV JI Arch. Sex. Behav. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s10508-005-1003-y PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 907EK UT WOS:000227698000028 PM 15772772 ER PT J AU Bratzler, DW Houck, PM Richards, C Steele, L Dellinger, EP Fry, DE Wright, C Ma, A Carr, K Red, L AF Bratzler, DW Houck, PM Richards, C Steele, L Dellinger, EP Fry, DE Wright, C Ma, A Carr, K Red, L TI Use of antimicrobial prophylaxis for major surgery - Baseline results from The National Surgical Infection Prevention Project SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; ARTERY BYPASS-SURGERY; ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; SITE INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; ORTHOPEDIC-SURGERY; CARDIAC-SURGERY; CARDIOVASCULAR-SURGERY; MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS AB Hypothesis: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major contributor to patient injury, mortality, and health care costs. Despite evidence of effectiveness of antimicrobials to prevent SSIs, previous studies have demonstrated inappropriate timing, selection, and excess duration of administration of antimicrobial prophylaxis. We herein describe the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis for Medicare patients undergoing major surgery. Design: National retrospective cohort study with medical record review. Setting: Two thousand nine hundred sixty-five acute-care US hospitals. Patients: A systematic random sample of 34133 Medicare inpatients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting; other open-chest cardiac surgery (excluding transplantation); vascular surgery, including aneurysm repair, thromboendarterectomy, and vein bypass operations; general abdominal colorectal surgery; hip and knee total joint arthroplasty (excluding revision surgery); and abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy from January I through November 30, 2001. Main Outcome Measures: The proportion of patients who had parenteral antimicrobial prophylaxis initiated within 1 hour before the surgical incision; the proportion of patients who, were given a prophylactic antimicrobial agent that was consistent with currently published guidelines; and the proportion of patients whose antimicrobial prophylaxis was discontinued within 24 hours after surgery. Results: An antimicrobial dose was administered to 55.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.8%-56.6%) of patients within I hour before incision. Antimicrobial agents consistent with published guidelines were administered to 92.6% (95% Cl, 92.3%-92.8%) of the patients. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was discontinued within 24 hours of surgery end time for only 40.7% (95% Cl, 40.2%-41.2%) of patients. Conclusion: Substantial opportunities exist to improve the use of prophylactic antimicrobials for patients undergoing major surgery. C1 Oklahoma Fdn Med Qual Inc, Oklahoma City, OK 73134 USA. Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Surg, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Bratzler, DW (reprint author), Oklahoma Fdn Med Qual Inc, 14000 Quail Springs Pkwy,Suite 400, Oklahoma City, OK 73134 USA. EM dbratzler@okqio.sdps.org NR 79 TC 274 Z9 294 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0004-0010 EI 1538-3644 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 140 IS 2 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1001/archsurg.140.2.174 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 894JF UT WOS:000226786600014 PM 15724000 ER PT J AU Donlan, RM Forster, T Murga, R Brown, E Lucas, C Carpenter, J Fields, B AF Donlan, RM Forster, T Murga, R Brown, E Lucas, C Carpenter, J Fields, B TI Legionella pneumophila associated with the protozoan Hartmannella vermiformis in a model multi-species biofilm has reduced susceptibility to disinfectants SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE Legionella pneumophila; biofilm; Hartmannella vermiformis; protozoa; potable water; free chlorine; monochloramine ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; DRINKING-WATER; TAP WATER; SURVIVAL; MONOCHLORAMINE; GROWTH; SURVEILLANCE; INACTIVATION; ACANTHAMOEBA AB Legionella pneumophila will infect biofilm-associated protozoa, and in this way might be protected from disinfectants in potable water systems. A base biofilm containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Flavobacterium spp. was grown on steel coupons in potable water prior to the addition of L. pneumophila and the protozoan H. vermiformis. After 7 d, coupons were removed and treated with 0.5 mg 1(-1) free residual chlorine (FRC) or 0.5 mg l(-1) monochloramine (MCA) for 15, 60, or 180 min or 24 h. In a second experiment, only L. pneumophila and the base biofilm organisms were present but with an identical treatment protocol. Treatment of L. pneumophila for 180 min in a system without H. vermiformis resulted in log reductions of 2.07 and 2.11 for FRC and MCA, respectively. When H. vermiformis was present, however, the treatment resulted in log reductions of 0.67 and 0.81 for FRC and MCA, respectively. A similar pattern was observed for 15 and 60 min contact times. These results indicate that L. pneumophila was less susceptible to MCA or FRC when associated with biofilm-associated H. vermiformis in a model potable water biofilm. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Donlan, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rld8@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PD FEB PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1080/08927010500044286 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 938HF UT WOS:000229989800001 PM 16019386 ER PT J AU Simon, MS Korczak, JF Yee, CL Daling, JR Malone, KE Bernstein, L Marchbanks, PA Folger, SG McDonald, JA Norman, SA Strom, BL Deapen, D Ursin, G Burkman, RT Press, MF Schwartz, AG Spirtas, R AF Simon, MS Korczak, JF Yee, CL Daling, JR Malone, KE Bernstein, L Marchbanks, PA Folger, SG McDonald, JA Norman, SA Strom, BL Deapen, D Ursin, G Burkman, RT Press, MF Schwartz, AG Spirtas, R TI Racial differences in the familial aggregation of breast cancer and other female cancers SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE African-American; case-control study; Caucasian; epidemiology; familial clustering; familial risk; gynecological cancers ID UTAH POPULATION DATABASE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; RISK; HISTORY; ONSET; BRCA1; VALIDATION; RELATIVES; SURVIVAL; WOMEN AB Although breast cancer familial aggregation has been studied in Caucasians, information for African-Americans is scant. We used family cancer history from the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences study to assess the aggregation of breast and gynecological cancers in African-American and Caucasian families. Information was available on 41,825 first and second-degree relatives of Caucasian and 28,956 relatives of African American participants. We used a cohort approach in which the relative's cancer status was the outcome in unconditional logistic regression and adjusted for correlated data using generalized estimating equations. Race-specific models included a family history indicator, the relative's age, and type. Relative risk (RR) estimates for breast cancer were highest for first-degree relatives, and the overall RR for breast cancer among case relatives was 1.96 (95% CI = 1.68-2.30) for Caucasian and 1.78 (95% CI = 1.41-2.25) for African-Americans. The effect of CARE participants' reference age on their relatives' breast cancer risk was greatest among first-degree relatives of African-American patients with RRs (95% CI) for ages <45 and greater than or equal to45 of 2.97 (1.86-4.74) and 1.48 (1.14-1.92), respectively. Among Caucasians, first-degree relatives of case subjects were at greater risk for ovarian cancer, particularly relatives younger than 45 years (RR (95% CI) = 2.06 (1.02-4.12)), whereas African-American first-degree relatives of case subjects were at increased cervical cancer risk (RR (95% CI) = 2.17 (1.22-3.85). In conclusion, these racially distinct aggregation patterns may reflect different modes of inheritance and/or environmental factors that impact cancer risk. C1 Wayne State Univ, Barbara Ann Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Epidemiol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Populat Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Simon, MS (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Barbara Ann Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol, 4100 John R,4221 Hudson,Weber Canc Res Bldg, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM Simonm@karmanos.org FU NCI NIH HHS [CN65064]; NICHD NIH HHS [Y01-HD-7022, N01-HD-3-3176, N01-HD-3-3175, N01-HD-3-3174, N01-HD-2-3166, N01-HD-3-3168] NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s10549-004-2046-9 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 904RC UT WOS:000227514400003 PM 15754120 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Ajani, UA Liu, S AF Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Ajani, UA Liu, S TI Associations between concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol and concentrations of glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, insulin and C-peptide among US adults SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE C-peptide; glucose; glycosylated haemoglobin; insulin; tocopherol ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HEALTHY OLDER-ADULTS; VITAMIN-E; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN; PROTEIN GLYCATION; SUPPLEMENTATION; RISK AB Our objective was to study the cross-sectional associations between concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol and concentrations of glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, insulin and C-peptide among US adults. We used data for 1289 participants without self-reported diabetes who were aged >= 20 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. alpha-Tocopherol concentration was inversely associated with glucose concentration (beta per mmol/l=-0(.)01064, SE 0(.)00356, P=0(.)004) after adjusting for age, sex, race or ethnicity, education, smoking status, concentrations of total cholesterol and triacylglycerols, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, alcohol use, physical activity, time watching television or videos or using a computer, and use of vitamin/mineral/dietary supplements. Among 659 participants who did not report using supplements, this association was no longer significant whereas the concentration of alpha-tocopherol was inversely associated with concentration of C-peptide (beta per mmol/l=-0(.)01121, SE 0(.)00497, P=0(.)024). gamma-Tocopherol concentration was positively associated with concentration of glucose (beta per mmol/l=0(.)09169, se 0(.)02711, P=0(.)001) and glycosylated haemoglobin (beta per mmol/l=0(.)04954, se 0(.)01284, P < 0(.)001), but not insulin or C-peptide. The relationships between physiologic concentrations of the various forms of vitamin E and measures of glucose intolerance deserve additional investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 43 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 93 IS 2 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1079/BJN20041319 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 909CO UT WOS:000227836800012 PM 15788118 ER PT J AU Koplan, JP Puska, P Jousilahti, P Cahill, K Huttunen, J AF Koplan, JP Puska, P Jousilahti, P Cahill, K Huttunen, J CA Natl Publ Hlth Inst Partners TI Improving the world's health through national public health institutes SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Robert W Woodruff Hlth Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, KTL, Kansanterveyslaitos Folkhalsoinst, Helsinki, Finland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koplan, JP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Robert W Woodruff Hlth Sci Ctr, 1440 Clifton Rd NE,Suite 410, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jkoplan@emory.edu NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 83 IS 2 BP 154 EP 157 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 897ID UT WOS:000226996300016 PM 15744409 ER PT J AU Bates, MN Buckland, SJ Garrett, N Caudill, SP Ellis, H AF Bates, MN Buckland, SJ Garrett, N Caudill, SP Ellis, H TI Methodological aspects of a national population-based study of persistent organochlorine compounds in serum SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE dioxins; methods; New Zealand; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); organochlorine pesticides; serum ID OLD WOMEN; POLLUTANTS; HEALTH; FLEHS; PCBS AB Key methodological aspects are presented for a study of concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides in the serum of a sample of the New Zealand population aged 15 years and older. The study took advantage of the sampling frame and sample collection and interview processes of the National Nutrition Study (NNS). An additional blood sample for this organochlorines study was collected by the NNS and questions added to the NNS questionnaire. Serum was obtained from the blood and, based on responses to questions in the questionnaire, samples with possible occupational exposure to organochlorines were excluded. Remaining samples providing at least 2ml of serum were pooled within 80 strata defined according to geographic area, age group, sex and ethnicity. A minimum number of five individual serum samples was required for pooling within a stratum. Within strata with sufficient samples, two or three pooled samples were created for variance calculation. Eligible for inclusion in the study were 2497 individual serum samples. Sixty strata had sufficient serum samples for pooling and chemical analysis. This was the first study of organochlorine compounds with a national population-based sample. Two factors that made the study feasible deserve emphasis. First, being able to "piggy-back" on another study. Second, pooling of samples to reduce analytic expenses. It is hoped that the methods used in this study will form the basis for other studies investigating organochlorine concentrations in national populations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, Porirua, New Zealand. Minist Environm, Wellington, New Zealand. ERMA New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand. Univ Auckland Technol, Fac Hlth, Auckland 1020, New Zealand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bates, MN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM m_bates@berkeley.edu OI Garrett, Nick/0000-0001-9289-9743 NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2005 VL 58 IS 7 BP 943 EP 951 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.095 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899CB UT WOS:000227121400012 PM 15639266 ER PT J AU Fan, AZ Harris, C Zheng, ZJ Yoon, S Croft, JB AF Fan, AZ Harris, C Zheng, ZJ Yoon, S Croft, JB TI Predicting ten-year stroke risk among women aged 55 to 84 years in the United States SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd International Conference on Women Heart Disease and Stroke CY FEB 16-19, 2005 CL Orlando, FL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP E47 EP E47 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 893AW UT WOS:000226692600060 ER PT J AU Hayes, DK Denny, CH Croft, JB Sundaram, A Keenan, NL Greenlund, KJ AF Hayes, DK Denny, CH Croft, JB Sundaram, A Keenan, NL Greenlund, KJ TI Disparities in multiple cardiovascular risk factors among women, United States, 2003 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd International Conference on Women Heart Disease and Stroke CY FEB 16-19, 2005 CL Orlando, FL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP E43 EP E43 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 893AW UT WOS:000226692600043 ER PT J AU Hopson, SD Marshall-Williams, S AF Hopson, SD Marshall-Williams, S TI The relationship between employment status and women's physical and psychological health SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd International Conference on Women Heart Disease and Stroke CY FEB 16-19, 2005 CL Orlando, FL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP E59 EP E59 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 893AW UT WOS:000226692600120 ER PT J AU Hyduk, A McGruder, HF Antoine, TL Croft, JB AF Hyduk, A McGruder, HF Antoine, TL Croft, JB TI Patient-provider discussion and disparities in risk factors among women living with coronary heart disease in the United States SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd International Conference on Women Heart Disease and Stroke CY FEB 16-19, 2005 CL Orlando, FL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP E75 EP E76 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 893AW UT WOS:000226692600204 ER PT J AU Minta, BO AF Minta, BO TI Role of state health departments in ensuring the implementation of the Chronic Care Model in health care settings SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd International Conference on Women Heart Disease and Stroke CY FEB 16-19, 2005 CL Orlando, FL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP E63 EP E63 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 893AW UT WOS:000226692600138 ER PT J AU Poindexter, PA AF Poindexter, PA TI Program evaluation suitable for low resource public health programs: Success stories from the WISEWOMAN program SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd International Conference on Women Heart Disease and Stroke CY FEB 16-19, 2005 CL Orlando, FL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP E82 EP E82 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 893AW UT WOS:000226692600238 ER PT J AU Scheuner, MT Whitworth, WC Yoon, PW AF Scheuner, MT Whitworth, WC Yoon, PW TI Is family history of cardiovascular disease a stronger risk factor for women? SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd International Conference on Women Heart Disease and Stroke CY FEB 16-19, 2005 CL Orlando, FL C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP E52 EP E52 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 893AW UT WOS:000226692600085 ER PT J AU Shoob, HD Ayala, C Hyduk, A Croft, JB Mensah, GA Zheng, ZJ AF Shoob, HD Ayala, C Hyduk, A Croft, JB Mensah, GA Zheng, ZJ TI Trends in mortality and hospitalizations for valvular heart disease among women in the United States, 1980-2000 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd International Conference on Women Heart Disease and Stroke CY FEB 16-19, 2005 CL Orlando, FL C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP E55 EP E55 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 893AW UT WOS:000226692600100 ER PT J AU Shoob, HD Croft, JB AF Shoob, HD Croft, JB TI Impact of baby boomer women on hospitalizations for coronary heart disease and stroke in the United States SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd International Conference on Women Heart Disease and Stroke CY FEB 16-19, 2005 CL Orlando, FL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP E47 EP E47 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 893AW UT WOS:000226692600061 ER PT J AU Xu, J Dennehy, P Keyserling, H Westerman, LE Wang, Y Holman, RC Gentsch, JR Glass, RI Jiang, B AF Xu, J Dennehy, P Keyserling, H Westerman, LE Wang, Y Holman, RC Gentsch, JR Glass, RI Jiang, B TI Serum antibody responses in children with rotavirus diarrhea can serve as proxy for protection SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT AGE-GROUPS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFECTION; SUBCLASS; INFANTS; DISEASE; VIRUS; GASTROENTERITIS AB We examined sera from 42 patients 1 to 30 months of age for rotavirus immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, IgG, and IgG subclasses and sought to determine if serum antibody could serve as a reliable marker for prediction of disease severity. Infants in the first few months of life usually had high maternal IgG titers and, when they were infected with rotavirus, had low IgM titers or no IgM in acute-phase sera and poor seroconversions 3 weeks later, suggesting that maternal antibodies had inhibited viral replication and antibody responses. All patients >= 6 months of age had IgM in acute-phase sera, indicating that IgM is a good marker for acute rotavirus infection. IgG was the best overall predictor of an infection, as the convalescent-phase sera of 81% of the patients had a fourfold rise in the IgG titer. IgA titers in convalescent-phase sera and conversion rates were higher among patients >= 12 months of age than among children younger than 12 months. IgG1 was the predominant subclass detected in the acute-phase sera of some children and in all 28 convalescent-phase serum samples examined. Patients with preexisting acute-phase IgG titers of >= 100 or >= 200 had diarrhea that was less severe or of a shorter duration. These results indicate that serum IgG is the most reliable marker for seroconversion and is a consistent proxy for protection against severe disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Jiang, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM bjiang@cdc.gov OI Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.2.273-279.2005 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 955AG UT WOS:000231196400007 PM 15699422 ER PT J AU Lacher, DA Hughes, JP Carroll, MD AF Lacher, DA Hughes, JP Carroll, MD TI Estimate of biological variation of laboratory analytes based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutrit Examinat Survey, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Lacher, DA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutrit Examinat Survey, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4215, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM dol2@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 51 IS 2 BP 450 EP 452 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2004.039354 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 893KK UT WOS:000226717600025 PM 15590751 ER PT J AU Malakmadze, N Gonzalez, IM Oemig, T Isiadinso, I Rembert, D McCauley, MM Wand, P Diem, L Cowan, L Palumbo, GJ Fraser, M Ijaz, K AF Malakmadze, N Gonzalez, IM Oemig, T Isiadinso, I Rembert, D McCauley, MM Wand, P Diem, L Cowan, L Palumbo, GJ Fraser, M Ijaz, K TI Unsuspected recent transmission of tuberculosis among high-risk groups: Implications of universal tuberculosis genotyping in its detection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CENTRAL LOS-ANGELES; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SAN-FRANCISCO; SOCIAL NETWORK; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; DYNAMICS AB Background. The initiation of universal genotyping revealed 3 clusters of 19 patients with tuberculosis ( TB) in Wisconsin, with no apparent epidemiologic links among most of them. An epidemiologic investigation was conducted to determine whether genotype clustering resulted from recent transmission. Methods. We conducted additional interviews with patients and reviewed medical records. Places frequented by the patients while they were infectious were visited to identify contacts. Results. Our investigation revealed several previously unrecognized possible sites of TB transmission: a single-room occupancy hotel, 2 homeless shelters, 1 bar, and 2 crack houses. Seven patients with previously diagnosed TB were added to the clusters. Of 26 patients, we identified epidemiologic links for all but 1. Common risk factors among patients included alcohol abuse, crack cocaine use, homelessness, and unemployment. Additionally, 98 contacts missed during routine contact investigation were identified. Conclusions. Transmission of TB, particularly among high-risk groups, may go undetected for years. Our investigation demonstrated the value of universal genotyping in revealing unsuspected recent TB transmission and previously unrecognized sites of transmission, which can be targeted for specific TB interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemic Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Polio Eradicat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Off Associate Director Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Eliminat, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Bur Communicable Dis, TB Program, Div Publ Hlth, State Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI USA. Milwaukee Hlth Dept, TB Control Clin, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Malakmadze, N (reprint author), 26 Agladze St,26 Agladze St,Corpus 3,Apt 29, GE-0019 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. EM nailemlk@yahoo.com NR 33 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 366 EP 373 DI 10.1086/427112 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JM UT WOS:000227492500004 PM 15668858 ER PT J AU Bozeman, L Burman, W Metchock, B Welch, L Weiner, M AF Bozeman, L Burman, W Metchock, B Welch, L Weiner, M CA TB Trials Consortium TI Fluoroquinolone susceptibility among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from the United States and Canada SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 98th International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society CY MAY 17-23, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Thorac Soc ID HIV-RELATED TUBERCULOSIS; ONCE-WEEKLY RIFAPENTINE; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS; IN-VITRO; RESISTANCE; MOXIFLOXACIN; EMERGENCE; MONORESISTANCE AB Background. There is increasing interest in the possible role of new fluoroquinolone antibiotics for treatment of tuberculosis, but widespread use of fluoroquinolones for treatment of other bacterial infections may select for resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods. We evaluated fluoroquinolone susceptibility using the proportion method ( critical ciprofloxacin concentration for susceptibility testing, 2.0 mug/mL) in isolates obtained from patients enrolled in Tuberculosis Trial Consortium clinical trials during the period of 1995-2001 and in a referral sample of isolates sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA) during the period of 1996-2000 for additional testing, often because of drug resistance. Results. Of the 1373 isolates from the clinical trials, 1324 (96%) were susceptible to isoniazid and rifampin; 2 (0.15%) of these isolates were also resistant to ciprofloxacin. Of the 1852 isolates from the referral sample, 603 (32.6%) were resistant to isoniazid and rifampin (i.e., multidrug resistant), 849 (45.7%) were resistant to greater than or equal to 1 firstline drug but were not resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin, and 400 ( 21.6%) were susceptible to all first-line agents. Ciprofloxacin resistance was found in 33 ( 1.8%) of the referral-sample isolates. Most ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates ( 25 [ 75.8%]) were resistant to isoniazid and rifampin. Conclusions. Despite widespread use of fluoroquinolones for treatment of common bacterial infections, resistance among clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis in the United States and Canada remains rare, occurring primarily among multidrug-resistant strains. C1 Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO 80204 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycobacteriol Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. San Antonio Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Burman, W (reprint author), Denver Publ Hlth, 605 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. NR 30 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 386 EP 391 DI 10.1086/427292 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JM UT WOS:000227492500007 PM 15668861 ER PT J AU Rees, JR Wade, TJ Levy, DA Colford, JM Hilton, JF AF Rees, JR Wade, TJ Levy, DA Colford, JM Hilton, JF TI Changes in beliefs identify unblinding in randomized controlled trials: a method to meet CONSORT guidelines SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE masking; randomized controlled trial; double-blind method; research design; placebo effect ID DOUBLE-BLIND; CLINICAL-TRIAL; PLACEBO; STATEMENT; QUALITY AB Double-blinded trials are often considered the gold standard for research, but significant bias may result from unblinding of participants and investigators. Although the CONSORT guidelines discuss the importance of reporting "evidence that blinding was successful", it is unclear what constitutes appropriate evidence. Among studies reporting methods to evaluate blinding effectiveness, many have compared groups with respect to the proportions correctly identifying their intervention at the end of the trial. Instead, we reasoned that participants' beliefs, and not their correctness, are more directly associated with potential bias, especially in relation to self-reported health outcomes. During the Water Evaluation Trial performed in northern California in 1999, we investigated blinding effectiveness by sequential interrogation of participants about their "blinded" intervention assignment (active or placebo). Irrespective of group, participants showed a strong tendency to believe they had been assigned to the active intervention; this translated into a statistically significant intergroup difference in the correctness of participants' beliefs, even at the start of the trial before unblinding had a chance to occur. In addition, many participants (31%) changed their belief during the trial, suggesting that assessment of belief at a single time does not capture unblinding. Sequential measures based on either two or all eight questionnaires identified significant group-related differences in belief patterns that were not identified by the single, cross-sectional measure. In view of the relative insensitivity of cross-sectional measures, the minimal additional information in more than two assessments of beliefs and the risk of modifying participants' beliefs by repeated questioning, we conclude that the optimal means of assessing unblinding is an intergroup comparison of the change in beliefs (and not their correctness) between the start and end of a randomized controlled trial. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Community & Family Med, Lebanon, NH USA. Norris Cotton Canc Ctr, Lebanon, NH USA. US EPA, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Rees, JR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, 1 Med Ctr Dr,7927 Rubin Bldg, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. EM judith.rees@dartmouth.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU915546-02-1] NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2004.11.020 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 926JB UT WOS:000229118400004 PM 15837450 ER PT J AU Galvao, LW Oliveira, LC Diaz, J Kim, D Marchi, N van Dam, J Castilho, RF Chen, M Macaluso, M AF Galvao, LW Oliveira, LC Diaz, J Kim, D Marchi, N van Dam, J Castilho, RF Chen, M Macaluso, M TI Effectiveness of female and male condoms in preventing exposure to semen during vaginal intercourse: a randomized trial SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE randomized trials; HIV; STD; condoms; educational intervention; semen exposure; women ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; CONTRACEPTIVE EFFICACY; SEXUAL ASSAULT; TRANSMISSION; FAILURE; BARRIER; VIRUS; INFECTION; DISEASE; MARKER AB Objectives: Comparison of male condom (MC) vs. female condom (FC) with respect to self-reported mechanical and acceptability problems and semen exposure using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as an objective biological marker and evaluation of the effect of an educational intervention on self-reported problems and semen exposure, by condom type. Design: Randomized crossover trial. Design: Randomized crossover trial. Methods: Four hundred women attending a family planning clinic in Brazil were randomized and either received in-clinic instruction or were encouraged to read the condom package insert; all used two FCs and two MCs. We measured the rates of self-reported user problems with MC and FC use and the rates of semen exposure during use (assessed by testing vaginal fluid for PSA). Results: The educational intervention group reported fewer problems with either condom as compared with the control group (p=.0004, stratified by condom type). In both groups, self-reported problems were more frequent with FC use than with MC use (p<.0001, stratified by intervention). The educational intervention did not significantly reduce semen exposure. Overall, semen exposure occurred more frequently with FC use (postcoital PSA, > 1 ng/mL; 22%) than with MC use (15%); the difference, however, was small and nonsignificant for high PSA levels ( greater than or equal to 150 ng/mL; 5.1% for FC vs. 3.6% for MC). Conclusions: In this study, the FC was less effective than the MC in preventing semen exposure during use and led more frequently to self-reported user problems. Both devices were highly protective against "high-level" semen exposure, as measured by postcoital PSA levels in vaginal fluid. In-clinic education may reduce user problems and increase acceptability and use of both devices. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Med Sch Madison, Ctr Urban Populat Hlth, Aurora Hlth Care Partnership, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nursing, Inst Urban Hlth Partnership, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Patol Clin, Fac Ciencias Med, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Populat Council, BR-13083745 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol & Int Hlth, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, Clin Reprod Humana, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Populat Council, Horizons Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Galvao, LW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Med Sch Madison, Ctr Urban Populat Hlth, Aurora Hlth Care Partnership, POB 342, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM lgalvao@uwm.edu RI Castilho, Roger/G-3906-2012; Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 32 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 2 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2004.08.008 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 901PI UT WOS:000227294000010 PM 15707563 ER PT J AU Simmons, D Thompson, CF Engelgau, MM AF Simmons, D Thompson, CF Engelgau, MM TI Controlling the diabetes epidemic: how should we screen for undiagnosed diabetes and dysglycaemia? SO DIABETIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Type 2 diabetes; screening; family history; glucose; glycated haemoglobin ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; RISK; COMPLICATIONS; MELLITUS; COMMUNITY AB Aims To compare the detection of undiagnosed diabetes and dysglycaemia (impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, diabetes) using risk factors and laboratory measures of glycaemia. Methods Casual blood glucose samples were taken from 1899 (69.4% of 2737 invited) European, Maori and Pacific Islands subjects aged 40-79 years from randomly selected households in South Auckland, New Zealand. Of these, 534 attended for a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) if an elevated result was identified [327/478 (68.4%)] or if randomly selected with a 'normal' screening result [207/308 (67.2%)]. Results Several Europeans with undiagnosed diabetes (25.0%) and dysglycaemia (31.4%) had no diabetes risk factors. Most Maori and Pacific Islanders had at least one risk factor. The area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) for the detection of undiagnosed diabetes was 0.92 (0.89-0.95) using fasting glucose, 0.86 (0.82-0.90) using HbA(1c), 0.75 (0.69-0.80) using random glucose, but 0.60 (0.55-0.66) using risk factor screening. The ROC for detecting any dysglycaemia was 0.88 (0.85-0.90), 0.68 (0.64-0.71), 0.72 (0.69-0.75), 0.61 (0.58-0.65), respectively. Screening using fasting glucose (the best test) detected 90.4% of new diabetes and 78.4% of dysglycaemia; risk factor screening followed by fasting glucose detected significantly less cases [88 (82-93)% and 86 (82-89)%, respectively] with 9.2% less OGTTs. Conclusions Using risk factors for the identification of who should receive a blood test for dysglycaemia adds little to direct screening with the risk of missing some with significant hyperglycaemia. Screening for dysglycaemia may best be undertaken using blood tests without initial risk factor symptom screening. C1 Univ Auckland, Waikato Clin Sch, Waikato Hosp, Hamilton, New Zealand. Middlemore Hosp, S Auckland Diabet Project, Auckland, New Zealand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabetes Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Simmons, D (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Waikato Clin Sch, Waikato Hosp, Private Bag 3200, Hamilton, New Zealand. EM simmonsd@waikatodhb.govt.nz OI Simmons, David/0000-0003-0560-0761 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0742-3071 J9 DIABETIC MED JI Diabetic Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01378.x PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 889XI UT WOS:000226475700015 PM 15660740 ER PT J AU Santibanez, SS Abdul-Quader, AS Broyles, LN Gusseynova, N Sofronova, R Molotilov, V Garfein, RS Paxton, LA AF Santibanez, SS Abdul-Quader, AS Broyles, LN Gusseynova, N Sofronova, R Molotilov, V Garfein, RS Paxton, LA TI Expansion of outreach through government AIDS centers is needed to prevent the spread of HIV in Russia SO DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY LA English DT Article AB Expansion of outreach through government AIDS centers is needed to prevent the spread of HIV in Russia. Orel, Russia, is the site of a pilot project in HIV community outreach conducted by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Russian Ministry of Health. We sought to determine whether outreach, a documented method for reaching injection drug users and their female sex partners for HIV prevention, is feasible through a Russian Government AIDS Center. We used a rapid assessment cross-sectional-survey. We demonstrated that at-risk persons who are not currently in contact with the public health system can be reached through community outreach by a government AIDS Center with limited resources and political constraints. Community-recruited persons, compared with institutionally recruited persons, had more risk behaviors and less HIV knowledge, suggesting that they are not being reached by current prevention efforts. We recommend that other AIDS centers in Russia consider piloting similar outreach projects in partnership with non-government organizations and the federal government. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Capac Bldg Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Santibanez, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssantibanez@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0968-7637 J9 DRUG-EDUC PREV POLIC JI Drug-Educ. Prev. Policy PD FEB PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1080/0968763042000275317 PG 4 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 891LZ UT WOS:000226583900007 ER PT J AU Lumlertdacha, B Boongird, K Wanghongsa, S Wacharapluesadee, S Chanhome, L Khawplod, P Hemachudha, T Kuzmin, I Rupprecht, CE AF Lumlertdacha, B Boongird, K Wanghongsa, S Wacharapluesadee, S Chanhome, L Khawplod, P Hemachudha, T Kuzmin, I Rupprecht, CE TI Survey for bat lyssaviruses, Thailand SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RABIES AB Surveillance for lyssaviruses was conducted among bat populations in 8 provinces in Thailand. In 2002 and 2003, a total of 932 bats of 11 species were captured and released after serum collection. Lyssavirus infection was determined by conducting virus neutralization assays on bat serum samples. Of collected samples, 538 were either hemolysed or insufficient in volume, which left 394 suitable for analysis. These samples included the following: Pteropus lylei (n = 335), Eonycteris spelaea (n = 45), Hipposideros armiger (n = 13), and Rousettus leschennaulti (n = 1). No serum samples had evidence of neutralizing antibodies when tested against rabies virus. However, 16 samples had detectable neutralizing antibodies against Aravan virus, Khujand virus, Irkut virus, or Australian bat lyssavirus; all were specifically associated with fruit bats P. lylei (n = 15) and E. spelaea (n = 1). These results are consistent with the presence of naturally occurring viruses related to new putative lyssavirus genotypes. C1 Queen Saovabha Mem Inst, Thai Red Cross Soc, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Minist Agr, Bangkok, Thailand. Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lumlertdacha, B (reprint author), Queen Saovabha Mem Inst, Thai Red Cross Soc, Rama 4 Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM Qsmibld@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 232 EP 236 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 895JJ UT WOS:000226856900006 PM 15752440 ER PT J AU Rouquet, P Froment, JM Bermejo, M Kilbourn, A Karesh, W Reed, P Kumulungui, B Yaba, P Delicat, A Rollin, PE Leroy, EM AF Rouquet, P Froment, JM Bermejo, M Kilbourn, A Karesh, W Reed, P Kumulungui, B Yaba, P Delicat, A Rollin, PE Leroy, EM TI Wild animal mortality monitoring and human Ebola outbreaks, Gabon and Republic of Congo, 2001-2003 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RAIN-FOREST; RT-PCR; VIRUS; PRIMATES; TRANSMISSION; DECLINE; MONKEYS AB All human Ebola virus outbreaks during 2001-2003 in the forest zone between Gabon and Republic of Congo resulted from handling infected wild animal carcasses. After the first outbreak, we created an Animal Mortality Monitoring Network in collaboration with the Gabonese and Congolese Ministries of Forestry and Environment and wildlife organizations (Wildlife Conservation Society and Programme de Conservation et Utilisation Rationnelle des Ecosystemes Forestiers en Afrique Centrale) to predict and possibly prevent human Ebola outbreaks. Since August 2001, 98 wild animal carcasses have been recovered by the network, including 65 great apes. Analysis of 21 carcasses found that 10 gorillas, 3 chimpanzees, and 1 duiker tested positive for Ebola virus. Wild animal outbreaks began before each of the 5 human Ebola outbreaks. Twice we alerted the health authorities to an imminent risk for human outbreaks, weeks before they occurred. C1 Ctr Int Rech Med Franceville, Franceville, Gabon. European Union Project, Cybertracker Monitoring Programme, Libreville, Gabon. Univ Barcelona, E-08007 Barcelona, Spain. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Rech Dev, Franceville, Gabon. RP Rouquet, P (reprint author), Ctr Int Rech Med Franceville, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon. EM p.rouquet@cirmf.org RI LEROY, Eric/I-4347-2016 OI LEROY, Eric/0000-0003-0022-0890 NR 31 TC 106 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 50 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 895JJ UT WOS:000226856900014 PM 15752448 ER PT J AU Hutwagner, L Browne, T Seeman, GM Fleischauer, AT AF Hutwagner, L Browne, T Seeman, GM Fleischauer, AT TI Comparing aberration detection methods with simulated data SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE DATA; ALGORITHM; OUTBREAKS AB We compared aberration detection methods requiring historical data to those that require little background by using simulated data. Methods that require less historical data are as sensitive and specific as those that require 3-5 years of data. These simulations can determine which method produces appropriate sensitivity and specificity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hutwagner, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lbutwagner@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 314 EP 316 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 895JJ UT WOS:000226856900020 PM 15752454 ER PT J AU Wong, T Wallington, T McDonald, LC Abbas, Z Christian, M Low, DE Gravel, D Ofner, M Mederski, B Berger, L Hansen, L Harrison, C King, A Yaffe, B Tam, T AF Wong, T Wallington, T McDonald, LC Abbas, Z Christian, M Low, DE Gravel, D Ofner, M Mederski, B Berger, L Hansen, L Harrison, C King, A Yaffe, B Tam, T TI Late recognition of SARS in nosocomial outbreak, Toronto SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; HONG-KONG; CORONAVIRUS; PNEUMONIA; FEATURES; CANADA AB Late recognition of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was associated with no known SARS contact, hospitalization before the nosocomial outbreak was recognized, symptom onset while hospitalized, wards with SARS clusters, and postoperative status. SARS is difficult to recognize in hospitalized patients with a variety of underlying conditions in the absence of epidemiologic links. C1 Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Div Community Acquired Infect, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Toronto Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Gen Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Wong, T (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Div Community Acquired Infect, Room 3444,Bldg 6,AL 0603B,Tunneys Pasture, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. EM tom_wong@phac-aspc.gc.ca RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 322 EP 325 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 895JJ UT WOS:000226856900022 PM 15752456 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Wilder, LC Caudill, SP Gonzalez, AJ Needham, LL Pirkle, JL AF Barr, DB Wilder, LC Caudill, SP Gonzalez, AJ Needham, LL Pirkle, JL TI Urinary creatinine concentrations in the US population: Implications for urinary biologic monitoring measurements SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; creatinine; creatinine adjustment; urine ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; UNITED-STATES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; BODY-COMPOSITION; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; SERUM AB Biologic monitoring (i.e., biomonitoring) is used to assess human exposures to environmental and workplace chemicals. Urinary biomonitoring data typically are adjusted to a constant creatinine concentration to correct for variable dilutions among spot samples. Traditionally, this approach has been used in population groups without much diversity. The inclusion of multiple demographic groups in studies using biomonitoring for exposure assessment has increased the variability in the urinary creatinine levels in these study populations. Our objectives were to document the normal range of urinary creatinine concentrations among various demographic groups, evaluate the impact that variations in creatinine concentrations can have on classifying exposure status of individuals in. 9 epidemiologic studies, and recommend an approach using multiple regression to adjust for variations in creatinine in multivariate analyses. We performed a weighted multivariate analysis of urinary creatinine concentrations in 22,245 participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) and established reference ranges (10th-90th percentiles) for each demographic and age category. Significant predictors of urinary creatinine concentration included age group, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and Fat-free mass. Time of day that urine samples were collected made a small but statistically significant difference in creatinine concentrations. For an individual, the creatinine-adjusted concentration of an analyte should be compared with a "reference" range derived from persons in a similar demographic group (e.g., children with children, adults with adults). For multiple regression analysis of population groups, we recommend that the analyte concentration (unadjusted for creatinine) should be included in the analysis with urinary creatinine added as a separate independent variable. This approach allows the urinary analyte concentration to be appropriately adjusted for urinary creatinine and the statistical significance of other variables in the model to be independent of effects of creatinine concentration. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 42 TC 623 Z9 628 U1 13 U2 91 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 113 IS 2 BP 192 EP 200 DI 10.1289/ehp.7337 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 899TY UT WOS:000227169400038 PM 15687057 ER PT J AU Hore, P Robson, M Freeman, N Zhang, J Wartenberg, D Ozkaynak, H Tulve, N Sheldon, L Needham, L Barr, D Lioy, PJ AF Hore, P Robson, M Freeman, N Zhang, J Wartenberg, D Ozkaynak, H Tulve, N Sheldon, L Needham, L Barr, D Lioy, PJ TI Chlorpyrifos accumulation patterns for child-accessible surfaces and objects and urinary metabolite excretion by children for 2 weeks after crack-and-crevice application SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarker; child; children; chlorpyrifos; crack-and-crevice; indoor chemical use; pesticide ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; INSECTICIDE RESIDUES; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; EXPOSURE; ROOMS; BIOMARKERS; RESIDENTS; HAND; AIR AB The Children's Post-Pesticide Application Exposure Study (CPPAES) was conducted to look at the distribution of chlorpyrifos within a home environment for 2 weeks after a routine professional crack-and-crevice application and to determine the amount of the chlorpyrifos that is absorbed by a child living within the home. Ten residential homes with a 2- to 5-year-old child in each were selected for study, and the homes were treated with chlorpyrifos. Pesticide measurements were made from the indoor air, indoor surfaces, and plush toys. In addition, periodic morning urine samples were collected from each of the children throughout the 2-week period. We analyzed the urine samples for 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol, the primary urinary metabolite of chlorpyrifos, and used the results to estimate the children's absorbed dose. Average chlorpyrifos levels in the indoor air and surfaces were 26 (pretreatment)/120 (posttreatment) ng/m(3) and 0.48 (pretreatment)/2.8 (posttreatment) ng/cm(2), respectively, reaching peak levels between days 0 and 2; subsequently, concentrations decreased throughout the 2-week period. Chlorpyrifos in/on the plush toys ranged from 7.3 to 1,949 ng/toy postapplication, with concentrations increasing throughout the 2-week period, demonstrating a cumulative adsorption/absorption process indoors. The daily amount of chlorpyrifos estimated to be absorbed by the CPPAES children postapplication ranged from 0.04 to 4.8 mug/kg/day. During the 2 weeks after the crack-and-crevice application, there was no significant increase in the amount of chlorpyrifos absorbed by the CPPAES children. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Exposure Measurement & Assessment Div, Piscataway, NJ USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Contemporary Pesticide Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lioy, PJ (reprint author), 170 Frelinghuysen Rd,EOHSI Floor 3, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM plioy@eohsi.rutgers.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07148-17, P30-ES05022] NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 113 IS 2 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1289/ehp.6984 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 899TY UT WOS:000227169400041 PM 15687060 ER PT J AU Longnecker, MP Klebanoff, MA Dunson, DB Guo, XG Zhen, C Zhou, HB Brock, JW AF Longnecker, MP Klebanoff, MA Dunson, DB Guo, XG Zhen, C Zhou, HB Brock, JW TI Maternal serum level of the DDT metabolite DDE in relation to fetal loss in previous pregnancies SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DDT; abortion; spontaneous; epidemiology; reproductive history ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE DDE; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; MALARIA CONTROL; HUMAN-MILK; WOMEN; INSECTICIDES; ASSOCIATION; PESTICIDES AB Use of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) continues in about 25 countries. This use has been justified partly by the belief that it has no adverse consequences on human health. Evidence has been increasing, however, for adverse reproductive effects of DDT, but additional data are needed. Pregnant women who enrolled in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (United States, 1959-1965) were asked about their previous pregnancy history; blood samples were drawn and the serum frozen. In 1997-1999, the sera of 1717 of these women who had previous pregnancies were analyzed for 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chloropbenyl)ethylene (DDE), the major breakdown product of DDT. The odds of previous fetal loss was examined in relation to DDE level in logistic regression models. Compared with women whose DDE level was < 15 mug/L, the adjusted odds ratios of fetal loss according to category of DDE were as follows: 15-29 mug/L, 1.1; 30-44 mug/L, 1.4; 45-59 mug/L, 1.6; and 60 + mug/L, 1.2. The adjusted odds ratio per 60 mug/L increase was 1.4 (95% confidence interval 1.1-1.6). The results were consistent with an adverse effect of DDE on fetal loss, but were inconclusive owing to the possibility that previous pregnancies ending in fetal loss decreased serum DDE levels less than did those carried to term. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Analyt Sci Inc, Stat & Publ Hlth Res Div, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, POB 12233 MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM longnecker@niehs.nih.gov OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 44 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00108-7 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 879EV UT WOS:000225700100002 PM 15533328 ER PT J AU Weisskopf, MG Anderson, HA Hanrahan, LP Kanarek, MS Falk, CM Steenport, DM Draheim, LA AF Weisskopf, MG Anderson, HA Hanrahan, LP Kanarek, MS Falk, CM Steenport, DM Draheim, LA CA Great Lakes Consortium TI Maternal exposure to Great Lakes sport-caught fish and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene, but not polychlorinated biphenyls, is associated with reduced birth weight SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fishes; polychlorinated biphenyls; dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; newborn infant; birth weight ID PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; GESTATIONAL-AGE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EXPERIMENTAL-ANIMALS; CERTIFICATE DATA; RHESUS-MONKEYS; DIETARY-INTAKE; BODY BURDEN AB Fish consumption may be beneficial for a developing human fetus, but fish may also contain contaminants that could be detrimental. Great Lakes sport-caught fish (GLSCF) are contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (I)DE), but the effects of these contaminants on birth outcome are not clear. To distinguish potential contaminant effects, we examined (1) whether the decrease over time in contaminant levels in GLSCF is paralleled by an increase in birth weight of children of GLSCF-consuming mothers and (2) the relation between maternal serum concentrations of these contaminants and birth weight. Mothers (n = 511) were interviewed from 1993 to 1995, and maternal serum was collected from 1994 to 1995 (n = 143). Potential confounders considered were child gender, maternal age at delivery, maternal prepregnancy body mass index, maternal cigarette and alcohol use during pregnancy, maternal education level, maternal parity, and maternal breastfeeding. Children born during 1970-1977, 1978-1984, and 1985-1993 to mothers who ate more than 116 meals of GLSCF before pregnancy were, on average, 164 g lighter, 46 g heavier, and 134 g heavier, respectively, than children of mothers who ate no GLSCF before pregnancy (P trend = 0.05). GLSCF-consuming mothers had higher serum PCB and DDE concentrations, but only increased DDE was associated with lower birth weight. The data suggest that fetal DDE exposure (as indicated by maternal serum DDE concentration) may decrease birth weight and that decreased birth weight effects associated with GLSCF consumption have decreased over time. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Weisskopf, MG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program,Landmark Ctr, 401 Pk Dr,POB 15697, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM mweissko@hsph.harvard.edu NR 70 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2004.01.014 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 879EV UT WOS:000225700100005 PM 15533331 ER PT J AU Payne, DB Sun, A Butler, JC Singh, SP Hollingshead, SK Briles, DE AF Payne, DB Sun, A Butler, JC Singh, SP Hollingshead, SK Briles, DE TI PspA family typing and PCR-based DNA fingerprinting with BOX A1R primer of pneumococci from the blood of patients in the USA with and without sickle cell disease SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PROTEIN-A; RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; HETEROLOGOUS PSPA; CONJUGATE VACCINE; INVASIVE DISEASE; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODIES AB Disease and mortality rates for Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are much higher in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) than in age-matched patients without SCD. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) has been proposed as a component in human vaccines against S. pneumoniae to provide greater breadth of coverage than can be obtained with the 7-valent conjugate vaccine. The cross-reactivity of PspA is associated with the 'PspA family' structure. In this study we examined strains of S. pneumoniae from patients with and without SCD to determine whether the strains infecting the hypersusceptible population of SCD patients were limited to the same two PspA families already known to comprise over 95 % of strains infecting non-SCD patients. Each strain was also evaluated according to the presence or absence of specific PCR fragments based on repetitive BOX elements to screen for possible SCD-associated clonal structure. Strains from SCD and non-SCD patients were similarly dispersed among the most common BOX PCR groups and strains from both groups expressed a similar distribution of PspA variants. Thus, a PspA vaccine designed for the population at large should also be appropriate for patients with SCD. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Alabama State Univ, Biomed Res & Training Programs, Montgomery, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Payne, DB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, BBRB 658,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM dpa@uab.edu NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 133 IS 1 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1017/S0950268804003085 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 903LV UT WOS:000227428300021 PM 15724724 ER PT J AU Holden, EW Nguyen, HT Grossman, E Robinson, S Nelson, LS Gunter, MJ Von Worley, A Thurman, DJ AF Holden, EW Nguyen, HT Grossman, E Robinson, S Nelson, LS Gunter, MJ Von Worley, A Thurman, DJ TI Estimating prevalence, incidence, and disease-related mortality for patients with epilepsy in managed care organizations SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; prevalence; incidence; mortality; managed care organizations ID SUDDEN UNEXPECTED DEATH; POPULATION; SIZE AB Purpose. The purpose of the present study was to apply computer algorithms to an administrative data set to identify the prevalence of epilepsy, incidence of epilepsy, and epilepsy-related mortality of patients in a managed care organization (MCO). Methods. The study population consisted of members enrolled in Lovelace Health Plan, a component of Lovelace Health Systems, a statewide MCO headquartered in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Patient records were obtained from July 1996 to June 2001. Four logistic regression models with high sensitivity and specificity were applied to 1-, 3-, and 5-year time frames in which members were continuously enrolled in the MCO. Incidence was defined for patients who did not have an epilepsy-associated code in the 18 months before the first diagnosis entry. Mortality estimates in the population also were assessed by using a matched control group and linkage to a statewide death registry. Results: The data yielded estimated prevalence rates of 7-10 per 1,000, depending on age, sex, ethnicity, and time interval. Annualized incidence was 47 per 100,000 for members continuously enrolled for 3 years and 71 per 100,000 for members continuously enrolled for 5 years. Crude mortality rates were 2-2.5 times higher for epilepsy patients identified with the algorithms than for the matched controls. Conditional logistic regression indicated that the odds of death for epilepsy patients as compared with controls ranged from 1.24 to 2.06. Conclusions. Accurate estimation of prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates for epilepsy is an essential component of disease management in MCOs. The algorithms in this project can be used to monitor trends in prevalence, incidence, and mortality to inform decisions critical to improving the health care needs and quality of life for patients with epilepsy. C1 ORC Macro, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Lovelace Clin Fdn, Albuquerque, NM USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holden, EW (reprint author), ORC Macro, 3 Corp Sq,Suite 370, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM emery.w.holden@orcmacro.com FU PHS HHS [2001-Q-000163] NR 20 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD FEB PY 2005 VL 46 IS 2 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.30604.x PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 894RV UT WOS:000226810200017 PM 15679513 ER PT J AU McNaghten, AD Neal, JJ Li, JM Fleming, PL AF McNaghten, AD Neal, JJ Li, JM Fleming, PL TI Epidemiologic profile of HIV and AIDS among American Indians/Alaska natives in the USA through 2000 SO ETHNICITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE American Indians/Alaska natives; HIV; AIDS; epidemiologic profile ID UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTION AB Objectives. To describe HIV and AIDS among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) in the USA through 2000. Design. An epidemiologic profile was constructed using HIV/AIDS surveillance, sexually transmitted disease (STD), and seroprevalence data. Results. Although AIDS among AI/AN represents < 1% of cumulative AIDS cases in the USA, in 2000 the AIDS incidence rate (cases per 100,000 population) for AI/AN (11.9) was higher than that for whites (7.3). AI/AN had high rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis from 1996 through 2000; among all females, AI/AN females had the second highest rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis reported during the time period. Of all AIDS cases among AI/AN, 70% were reported by 10 states. Conclusions. These data demonstrate that the impact of STDs and the potential for an impact of HIV/AIDS among AI/AN are greater than indicated by the relatively small number of AIDS cases in this population. Additional mechanisms are needed to fill gaps in the available data. Coordination among the complex network of healthcare providers, tribes, and federal, state, and local health agencies is needed to improve delivery of information about HIV/AIDS to AI/AN and to ensure access to HIV prevention and treatment programs for AI/AN. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNaghten, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aom5@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1355-7858 J9 ETHNIC HEALTH JI Ethn. Health PD FEB PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.1080/1355785052000323038 PG 15 WC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 892QC UT WOS:000226664100004 PM 15841587 ER PT J AU Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Graham, LB Stone, WL Gunter, EW Parker, CE Albert, PS Dorgan, JF Clevidence, BA Campbell, WS Tomer, KB Judd, JT Taylor, PR AF Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Graham, LB Stone, WL Gunter, EW Parker, CE Albert, PS Dorgan, JF Clevidence, BA Campbell, WS Tomer, KB Judd, JT Taylor, PR TI Moderate alcohol consumption and levels of antioxidant vitamins and isoprostanes in postmenopausal women SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alcohol; antioxidants; oxidative stress; isoprostanes ID IN-VIVO FORMATION; BREAST-CANCER; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; E SUPPLEMENTATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; OXIDANT STRESS; RAT-LIVER; F-2-ISOPROSTANES; RISK AB Background: Although alcohol intake has been positively associated with breast cancer risk in epidemiologic studies, the mechanisms mediating this association are speculative. Objective: The Postmenopausal Women's Alcohol Study was designed to explore the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on potential risk factors for breast cancer. In the present analysis, we evaluated the relationship of alcohol consumption with antioxidant nutrients and a biomarker of oxidative stress. Design: Participants (n = 53) consumed a controlled diet plus each of three treatments (15 or 30 g alcohol/day or a no-alcohol placebo beverage), during three 8-week periods in random order. We measured the antioxidants, vitamin E (alpha (alpha)- and gamma (gamma)-tocopherols), selenium, and vitamin C in fasting blood samples which were collected at the end of diet periods, treated and frozen for assay at the end of the study. We also measured 15-F-2t-IsoP isoprostane, produced by lipid peroxidation, which serves as an indicator of oxidative stress and may serve as a biomarker for conditions favorable to carcinogenesis. Results: After adjusting for BMI (all models) and total serum cholesterol (tocopherol and isoprostane models) we observed a significant 4.6% decrease (P = 0.02) in alpha-tocopherol and a marginally significant 4.9% increase (P = 0.07) in isoprostane levels when women consumed 30 g alcohol/day (P = 0.06 and 0.05 for overall effect of alcohol on alpha-tocopherol and isoprostanes, respectively). The other antioxidants were not significantly modified by the alcohol treatment. Conclusions: These results suggest that moderate alcohol consumption increases some biomarkers of oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIEHS, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. E Tennessee State Univ, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. RP Hartman, TJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tjh9@psu.edu RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013; Stone, William/B-6499-2008 OI Stone, William/0000-0002-6829-0417 NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602051 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 893AC UT WOS:000226690200002 PM 15367922 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Liu, S AF Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Liu, S TI Healthy Eating Index and C-reactive protein concentration: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; diet; fruit; grain; inflammation; nutrition surveys; vegetables ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; GUIDELINES-FOR-AMERICANS; MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; US ADULTS; INFLAMMATION; PREVENTION; RISK; CHOLESTEROL; ADHERENCE; GRAINS AB Objective: To examine whether diet quality is associated with C-reactive protein concentration. Design: Cross-sectional study using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Setting: Representative sample of the US population. Subjects: A total of 13 811 men and women aged greater than or equal to20 y. Interventions: We examined the cross-sectional associations between the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), a measure of diet quality according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and serum C-reactive protein concentration. Dietary information was assessed using a 24-h recall. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, race or ethnicity, education, smoking status, cotinine concentration, body mass index, waist-hip-ratio, aspirin use, alcohol use, physical activity level, and energy intake, HEI score was inversely associated with an elevated C-reactive protein concentration in logistic regression analysis (odds ratio per 10 unit change: 0.92; 95th confidence interval (CI): 0.86-0.99). Among the components, only the score for grain consumption was inversely associated with an elevated C-reactive protein concentration. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of number of servings of grain consumption, the adjusted odds ratios of having an elevated C-reactive protein concentration for participants in the second, third, fourth, and fifth quintiles were 0.87 (95th CI: 0.67, 1.12), 0.85 (95th CI: 0.69, 1.06), 0.79 (95th CI: 0.65, 0.96), and 0.68 (95th CI: 0.52, 0.88), respectively. Conclusions: Grain consumption may reduce inflammation. Our findings require confirmation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 24 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 278 EP 283 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602070 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 893AC UT WOS:000226690200016 PM 15494735 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Harrison, P Scotron, CR Varghese, B AF Chesson, HW Harrison, P Scotron, CR Varghese, B TI Does funding for HIV and sexually transmitted disease prevention matter? Evidence from panel data SO EVALUATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE HIV; sexually transmitted diseases; gonorrhea; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INTERVENTIONS; METAANALYSIS; BEHAVIOR; AIDS; MODELS; RATES; SEX AB Since the onset of the AIDS epidemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has allocated several billion dollars for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States. Using state-level data from 1981 to 1998. the authors found that greater amounts of prevention funding in a given year are associated with reductions in reported gonorrhea incidence rates in subsequent years. The authors conclude that funding for STD and HIV prevention, on the whole, appears to have a discentable, impact on the incidence of STDs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0193-841X J9 EVALUATION REV JI Eval. Rev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1177/0193841X04270613 PG 21 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 887GY UT WOS:000226295100001 PM 15604117 ER PT J AU Easton, A Kiss, E AF Easton, A Kiss, E TI Covariates of current cigarette smoking among secondary school students in Budapest, Hungary, 1999 SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH RISK; BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENCE; ADULTHOOD; ALCOHOL; TOBACCO AB To date, few studies have examined the relationship between health behavior risk factors and cigarette smoking in Hungary. From 1995 to 1999, the prevalence of current smoking increased from 35.9 to 46.0% among secondary students in Budapest, Hungary. The objective of the present study was to examine the association between smoking and other health behavior risk factors among secondary school students in Budapest. Surveys were administered during regular classes in 21 traditional and nine vocational/technical schools containing Grades 9-12; 2410 students aged 15-18 years were included in the analysis. Overall, 44.9% of males and 46.9% of females were current smokers. Smoking increased with age and was significantly higher among vocational/technical (60.2%) than traditional (43.1%) students. The likelihood of smoking was significantly higher among students who rarely or never used a seatbelt when riding in a car driven by someone else, currently used alcohol, had engaged in episodic heavy drinking, had had four or more sex partners during their lifetime or did not participate in vigorous physical activity. Health-risk behaviors are frequently interrelated. Findings suggest that programs designed to prevent smoking should consider related health-risk behaviors as part of a comprehensive program. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Metropolitan Inst State Publ Hlth, Dept Child & Youth Hlth, Div Hlth Promot & Protect, Budapest, Hungary. Publ Hlth Officer Serv, Budapest, Hungary. RP Easton, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ace7@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1093/her/cyg102 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 886AU UT WOS:000226199500009 PM 15253995 ER PT J AU Weston, SR Leyden, W Murphy, R Bass, NM Bell, BP Manos, MM Terrault, NA AF Weston, SR Leyden, W Murphy, R Bass, NM Bell, BP Manos, MM Terrault, NA TI Racial and ethnic distribution of nonalcoholic fatty liver in persons with newly diagnosed chronic liver disease SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; VISCERAL ADIPOSE-TISSUE; NATURAL-HISTORY; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; RISK-FACTORS; US ADULTS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; UNITED-STATES AB We performed a cross-sectional study of newly diagnosed cases of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) identified between December 1998 and December 2000 in the Chronic Liver Disease Surveillance Study. We compared the demographic and clinical features of NAFLD in a racially diverse representative U.S. population (Alameda County, CA). Diagnostic criteria for probable NAFLD were persistent unexplained elevation of serum aminotransferase levels, radiology (ultrasound or computed tomography scan) consistent with fatty liver, and/or two or more of the following: (i) body mass index of 28 kg/m(2) or more, (ii) type 2 diabetes, or (iii) hyperlipidemia, in the absence of significant alcohol use. Definite NAFLD cases required histological confirmation. Of the 742 persons with newly diagnosed chronic liver disease, 159 (21.4%) had definite or probable NAFLD. The majority were nonwhite: Hispanics (28%), Asians (18%), African Americans (3%), and other race(s) (6%). African Americans with NAFLD were significantly older than other racial or ethnic groups (P < .001), and in Asians, NAFLD was 3.5 times more common in males than in females (P = .016). Clinical correlates of NAFLD (obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes) were similar among racial and ethnic groups, except that body mass index was lower in Asians compared with other groups (P < .001). Compared with the base population (Kaiser Permanente members), Hispanics with NAFLD were overrepresented (28% vs. 10%) and whites were underrepresented (45% vs. 59%). In conclusion, these racial and gender variations may reflect differences in genetic susceptibility to visceral adiposity, including hepatic involvement, and may have implications for the evaluation of persons with the metabolic syndrome. Clinicians need to be aware of the variable presentations of NAFLD in different racial and ethnic groups. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Terrault, NA (reprint author), S357,513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM noraht@itsa.ucsf.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK-26743]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50 CCU915546] NR 48 TC 187 Z9 191 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD FEB PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 372 EP 379 DI 10.1002/hep.20554 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 892GK UT WOS:000226637900020 PM 15723436 ER PT J AU Shankar, V Kools, JJ Armour, KL Clark, MR AF Shankar, V Kools, JJ Armour, KL Clark, MR TI A chimeric antibody to varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E SO HYBRIDOMA LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; E EPITOPE; BINDING; DOMAINS; EXPRESSION; MOLECULES AB Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) immune globulin (VZIG) derived from pooled human serum is currently used in immunotherapy of VZV-associated complications of chickenpox and shingles. We developed a mouse-human chimeric antibody against a VZV glycoprotein E (gE) epitope as a safer replacement for VZIG. Variable (V) heavy- and V kappa light-chain exons, derived from an anti-VZV gE antibody secreting mouse hybridoma cell line, were cloned into expression vectors containing an immunoglobulin promoter and enhancer, and human IgG1 or kappa constant (C) region genes. The expression vectors were cotransfected into mouse myeloma cell line (NSO), generating transformants that secreted chimeric human-mouse IgGs. The chimeric and the parent mouse antibody were indistinguishable in their antigen binding specificity. VZV gE chimeric antibody may prove to be a prophylactic antibody that could provide significant advantages over VZIG in having defined specificity, lessened possibility of contamination with viral pathogens, and consistent availability. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biol Branch, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Pathol, Div Immunol, Cambridge CB2 1QP, England. RP Shankar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, VRZB, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vbs2@cdc.gov RI Clark, Michael/D-2479-2011 OI Clark, Michael/0000-0002-5539-4997 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1554-0014 J9 HYBRIDOMA JI Hybridoma PD FEB PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 DI 10.1089/hyb.2005.24.50 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 917PG UT WOS:000228474200007 PM 15785209 ER PT J AU Palaniappan, R Singh, S Singh, UP Sakthivel, SKK Ades, EW Briles, DE Hollingshead, SK Paton, JC Sampson, JS Lillard, JW AF Palaniappan, R Singh, S Singh, UP Sakthivel, SKK Ades, EW Briles, DE Hollingshead, SK Paton, JC Sampson, JS Lillard, JW TI Differential PsaA-, PspA-, PspC-, and PdB-specific immune responses in a mouse model of pneumococcal carriage SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PROTEIN-A; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; INTRANASAL IMMUNIZATION; PULMONARY INFECTION; CONJUGATE VACCINE; FACTOR-H; IN-VIVO AB Larger numbers of pneumococci were detected in the nasal tract compared to the lung, cervical lymph nodes, and spleen 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days after nasal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae strain EF3030. In this mouse model of pneumococcal carriage, peripheral S. pneumoniae pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA)specific humoral responses (immunoglobulin G2a [IgG2a] much greater than IgG1 = IgG2b > IgG3) were significantly higher than pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA)-specific, genetic toxoid derivative of pneumolysin (PdB)-specific, or pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC)-specific serum antibody levels. However, PspA-specific mucosal IgA antibody levels were significantly higher than those against PsaA, PdB, and PspC. In general, both PsaA- and PspA-specific lung-, cervical lymph node-, nasal tract-, and spleen-derived CD4(+) T-cell cytokine (interleukin-4, interleukin-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and proliferative responses were higher than those for either PspC or PdB. Taken together, these findings suggest that PsaA- and PspA-specific mucosal responses as well as systemic Immoral and T helper cell cytokine responses are predominantly yet differentially induced during pneumococcal carriage. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Mercer Univ, So Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Adelaide, Sch Mol & Biomed Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Lillard, JW (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, 720 Westview Dr SE, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. EM lillard@msm.edu RI Paton, James/A-9920-2008; Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 FU NCRR NIH HHS [G12 RR003034, RR 03034]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 057808, R01 AI057808]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06 GM008248, GM 08248] NR 52 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1006 EP 1013 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.2.1006-1013.2005 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 893PM UT WOS:000226731700041 PM 15664944 ER PT J AU Sunensbine, RH Liedtke, LA Fridkin, SK Strausbaugh, LJ AF Sunensbine, RH Liedtke, LA Fridkin, SK Strausbaugh, LJ CA Infectious Diseases Soc TI Management of inpatients colonized or infected with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in hospitals in the United States SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 05-08, 2003 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; SOCIETY-OF-AMERICA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; RISK-FACTORS; CONTACT ISOLATION; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB BACKGROUND: Although guidelines for multidrug-resistant organisms generally include recommendations for contact precautions and surveillance cultures, it is not known how frequently U.S. hospitals implement these measures on a routine basis and whether infectious diseases consultants endorse their use. METHODS: The Emerging Infections Network surveyed its members, infectious diseases consultants, to assess their use of and support for contact precautions and surveillance cultures for routine management of multidrug-resistant organisms in their principal inpatient workplace. Specifically, members were asked about use of these strategies for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and multidrug-resistant, gram-negative bacilli on general wards, ICUs, and transplant units. RESULTS: Overall, 400 (86%) of 463 respondents supported the routine use of contact precautions to control one or more multidrug-resistant organisms in at least one unit, and 89% worked in hospitals that use them. In contrast, 50% of respondents favored routine use of surveillance cultures to manage at least one multidrug-resistant organism in any unit, and 30% of respondents worked in hospitals that use them routinely in any unit. Members favored routine use of surveillance cultures significantly more in ICUs and transplant units than in general wards for each multidrug-resistant organism (P (.)< 001). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the infectious diseases consultants endorsed the use of contact precautions for routine management of patients colonized or infected with multidrug-resistant organisms and work in hospitals that have implemented them. In contrast, infectious diseases consultants are divided about the role of routine surveillance cultures in multidrug-resistant organism management, and few work in hospitals that use them. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Hosp & Special Med P3ID, Infect Dis Sect, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Strausbaugh, LJ (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Hosp & Special Med P3ID, Infect Dis Sect, 3710 SW Vet Hosp Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM strausba@ohsu.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU112346] NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 138 EP 143 DI 10.1086/502517 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 897OH UT WOS:000227014000007 PM 15756883 ER PT J AU Wong, ES Rupp, ME Mermel, L Perl, TM Bradley, S Ramsey, KM Ostrowsky, B Valenti, AJ Jernigan, JA Voss, A Tapper, ML AF Wong, ES Rupp, ME Mermel, L Perl, TM Bradley, S Ramsey, KM Ostrowsky, B Valenti, AJ Jernigan, JA Voss, A Tapper, ML TI Public disclosure of healthcare-associated infections: The role of the society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE; RATES C1 McGuire Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Michigan Healthcare Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Vet Affairs Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Westchester Cty Dept Hlth, New Rochelle, NY USA. Maine Med Ctr, Portland, ME 04102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Canisius Wilhelmina Hosp, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Lenox Hill Hosp, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Wong, ES (reprint author), Soc Healthcare Epidemiol America, 66 Canal Ctr Plaza,Suite 600, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RI Voss, A./H-8111-2014 NR 14 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 210 EP 212 DI 10.1086/502528 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 897OH UT WOS:000227014000018 PM 15756894 ER PT J AU Comstock, RD Mallonee, S Jordan, F AF Comstock, RD Mallonee, S Jordan, F TI A comparison of two surveillance systems for deaths related to violent injury SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL EXAMINER DATA; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH; UNEXPLAINED CAUSES; FATAL INJURIES; CERTIFICATES; STATISTICS; ACCURACY; CLASSIFICATION; MANNER AB Objective: To compare violent injury death reporting by the statewide Medical Examiner and Vital Statistics Office surveillance systems in Oklahoma. Methods: Using a standard study definition for violent injury death, the sensitivity and predictive value positive (PVP) of the Medical Examiner and Vital Statistics violent injury death reporting systems in Oklahoma in 2001 were evaluated. Results: Altogether 776 violent injury deaths were identified ( violent injury death rate: 22.4 per 100 000 population) including 519 (66.9%) suicides, 248 (32.0%) homicides, and nine (1.2%) unintentional firearm deaths. The Medical Examiner system over-reported homicides and the Vital Statistics system under-reported homicides and suicides and over-reported unintentional firearm injury deaths. When compared with the standard, the Medical Examiner and Vital Statistics systems had sensitivities of 99.2% and 90.7% ( respectively) and PVPs of 95.0% and 99.1% for homicide, sensitivities of 99.2% and 93.1% and PVPs of 100% and 99.0% for suicide, and sensitivities of 100% and 100% and PVPs of 100% and 31.0% for unintentional firearm deaths. Conclusions: Both the Vital Statistics and Medical Examiner systems contain valuable data and when combined can work synergistically to provide violent injury death information while also serving as quality control checks for each other. Preventable errors within both systems can be reduced by increasing training, addressing sources of human error, and expanding computer quality assurance programming. A standardized nationwide Medical Examiners' coding system and a national violent death reporting system that merges multiple public health and criminal justice datasets would enhance violent injury surveillance and prevention efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Injury Prevent Serv, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Off Chief Med Examiner, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Comstock, RD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Dept Pediat, 700 Childrens Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. EM comstocd@pediatrics.ohio-state.edu RI Alkhalawi, Mohammed/C-6111-2012 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U17/CCU617756] NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1136/ip.2004.007567 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 897LX UT WOS:000227006700014 PM 15691992 ER PT J AU Sosman, JM MacGowan, RJ Margolis, AD Eldridge, G Flanigan, T Vardaman, I Fitzgerald, C Kacanek, D Binson, D Seal, DW Gaydos, CA AF Sosman, JM MacGowan, RJ Margolis, AD Eldridge, G Flanigan, T Vardaman, I Fitzgerald, C Kacanek, D Binson, D Seal, DW Gaydos, CA CA Project START Study Grp TI Screening for sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis in 18-29-year-old men recently released from prison: feasibility and acceptability SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted diseases; hepatitis; screening; feasibility; former prisoners ID CHAIN-REACTION; HEALTH-POLICY; UNITED-STATES; INMATES; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; PREVENTION; PROGRAMS; STDS AB Men entering prisons have high rates of sexually transmitted disease (STD), hepatitis, and HIV. This study sought to determine the acceptability and feasibility of screening for STD and hepatitis in young men released from prison. Participants were interviewed six months after release and offered free screening. Of 42 (56%) eligible men who participated in the qualitative interview, 33 (79%) provided at least a blood or urine specimen. Eight of 33 (24%) men tested had chlamydia, trichomoniasis, hepatitis B or C virus (HBV or HCV). Three of 32 (9%) had chlamydia, three of 32 (9%) had trichomoniasis, two of 28 (7%) had prior syphilis, and two of 28 (7%) had HCV. Of 28 tested for HBV, six (21%) were immune, two (7%) had chronic infection, and 20 (71%) were susceptible. Barriers to screening included lack of forewarning, inconvenience, and insufficient incentive. In conclusion, screening for STD and hepatitis among former inmates can be acceptable and feasible. Forewarning, reducing the time burden, and providing monetary incentives may increase screening rates. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Jackson State Univ, Community Hlth Program, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth & Social Behav, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Sosman, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Med, 2828 Marshall Court,Suite 100, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jms@medicine.wisc.edu RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 FU PHS HHS [114812, 414879, 914806, 514804] NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD FEB PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1258/0956462053057594 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 901FD UT WOS:000227267500006 PM 15825246 ER PT J AU Laserson, KF Binkin, NJ Thorpe, LE Laing, R Iademarco, MF Bloom, A Agerton, TB Nelson, L Cegielski, JP Ferroussier, O Holtz, T Vitek, E Gammino, V Tan, K Finlay, A Dewan, P Miranda, A Aquino, G Weyer, K Sy, DN Vernon, A Becerra, J Ershova, J Wells, CD AF Laserson, KF Binkin, NJ Thorpe, LE Laing, R Iademarco, MF Bloom, A Agerton, TB Nelson, L Cegielski, JP Ferroussier, O Holtz, T Vitek, E Gammino, V Tan, K Finlay, A Dewan, P Miranda, A Aquino, G Weyer, K Sy, DN Vernon, A Becerra, J Ershova, J Wells, CD TI Capacity building for international tuberculosis control through operations research training SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE operations research; tuberculosis; training; capacity building; epidemiology ID INTEGRATION AB SETTING: In resource-poor countries, few tuberculosis (TB) program staff at the national, provincial, and even district levels have the basic analytical and epidemiological skills necessary for collecting and analyzing quality data pertaining to national TB control program (NTP) improvements. This includes setting program priorities, operations planning, and implementing and evaluating program activities. OBJECTIVES: To present a model course for building capacity in basic epidemiology and operations research (OR). DESIGN: A combination of didactic lectures and applied field exercises were used to achieve the main objectives of the 6-day OR course. These were to increase the understanding of quantitative and qualitative research concepts, study design, and analytic methods, and to increase awareness of how these methods apply to the epidemiology and control of TB; and to demonstrate the potential uses of OR in answering practical questions on NTP effectiveness. As a final outcome, course participants develop OR proposals that are funded and later implemented. RESULTS: Since 1997, this OR course has been conducted nine times in five countries; 149 key NTP and laboratory staff have been trained in OR methods, and 44 OR protocols have been completed or are underway. CONCLUSION: This low-cost model course can be adapted to a wide range of public health issues. C1 CDCP, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Ctr Nazl Epidemiol, Rome, Italy. Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. US Dept State, US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20520 USA. CDC, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. S African Med Council, Unit TB Operat & Policy Res, Pretoria, South Africa. Minist Hlth, Natl Hosp TB & Resp Dis, Hanoi, Vietnam. CDC, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wells, CD (reprint author), CDCP, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, Dept HHS, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cwells@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 896WC UT WOS:000226963900006 PM 15732732 ER PT J AU Dewan, P Sosnovskaja, A Thomsen, V Cicenaite, J Laserson, K Johansen, I Davidaviciene, E Wells, C AF Dewan, P Sosnovskaja, A Thomsen, V Cicenaite, J Laserson, K Johansen, I Davidaviciene, E Wells, C TI High prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis, Republic of Lithuania, 2002 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; multidrug-resistant; prevalence; Europe; Lithuania ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; FLUOROQUINOLONES; IMPACT AB BACKGROUND: Nations of the former Soviet Union have the world's highest reported levels of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. We conducted the first national survey of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the Republic of Lithuania. METHODS: We tested Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from all incident culture-positive pulmonary TB patients registered in 2002. New patients were those treated for <1 month with any first-line anti-tuberculosis drug (isoniazid [INH], rifampin [RMP], ethambutol, or streptomycin); previously treated patients were those treated for greater than or equal to1 month. RESULTS: Of 1163 isolates, 475 (41%) were resistant to at least one first-line drug, and 263 (23%) were resistant to at least INH and RMP (MDR); this included 76/818 (9.3%) from new patients and 187/345 (54%) from previously treated patients. Of 52 MDR isolates randomly selected for extended testing at an international reference laboratory, 2 7 (51%, 95 % CI 38-66) had resistance to pyrazinamide, 21 (40%, 95% CI 27-55) to kanamycin, and 9 (17%, 95% CI 8-30) to ofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MDR-TB in Lithuania is among the world's highest. Among MDR-TB isolates, aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone resistance were common. To combat drug-resistant TB, Lithuania has implemented the WHO global TB control strategy (DOTS), and is developing an MDR-TB treatment program (DOTS-Plus). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, Div TB Eliminat, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Natl Inst TB & Lung Dis, Vilnius, Lithuania. State Serum Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Dewan, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, Div TB Eliminat, 1001 Potreoro Ave,WD 94, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM puneet.dewan@sfdph.org NR 16 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 BP 170 EP 174 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 896WC UT WOS:000226963900010 PM 15732736 ER PT J AU Lambert, LA Ijaz, K Navin, TR AF Lambert, LA Ijaz, K Navin, TR TI Completing tuberculosis prophylaxis in jail: targeting treatment and a comparison of rifampin/pyrazinamide with isoniazid regimens SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Letter ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, DTBE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lambert, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, DTBE, MS-E10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LLambert@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 BP 230 EP 230 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 896WC UT WOS:000226963900022 PM 15732748 ER PT J AU Kendrick, SR Kroc, KA Withum, D Rydman, RJ Branson, BM Weinstein, RA AF Kendrick, SR Kroc, KA Withum, D Rydman, RJ Branson, BM Weinstein, RA TI Outcomes of offering rapid point-of-care HIV testing in a sexually transmitted disease clinic SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE counseling and testing; HIV; HIV testing; rapid HIV testing; sexually transmitted disease clinic ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AGGLUTINATION ASSAY; ANTIBODY-ASSAY; ON-SITE; PERFORMANCE; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; BLOT AB Background: Delays in receipt of positive HIV test results and in entry into HIV care are common problems in clinics; in public venues, up to 33% of patients with negative results and 25% of those with positive results never learn their results. Methods: Patients aged 18 years or older at an urban sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic were offered rapid HIV testing between October 1999 and August 2000. Specimens were tested using the rapid Single Use Diagnostic System for HIV-1 (SUDS; Abbott/Murex, Norcross, GA), and results were confirmed by conventional enzyme immunoassay and Western blot (WB) analysis. Trained health educators performed all HIV counseling, phlebotomy, and rapid testing. Results: Of 1977 eligible patients, 1581 (80%) agreed to HIV testing; of these, 1372 (87%) accepted rapid testing and 1357 (99%) received same-visit results and posttest counseling. Thirty-seven (2.7%) were HIV-positive as confirmed by WB analysis. One of these HIV-positive participants died, but the remaining 36 went to their first clinic appointment. Conclusion: Rapid HIV testing was acceptable and feasible in this STD clinic and facilitated entry of newly identified HIV-infected patients into health care. C1 Ruth M Rothstein CORE Ctr, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weinstein, RA (reprint author), John Stroger Hosp Cook Cty, Div Infect Dis, 129 Durand Bldg,1901 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM rweinste@rush.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [CCU516455] NR 24 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 2 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1097/00126334-200502010-00004 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 893RL UT WOS:000226736800004 PM 15671798 ER PT J AU Teeraratkul, A Simonds, RJ Asavapiriyanont, S Chalermchokcharoenkit, A Vanprapa, N Chotpitayasunondh, T Mock, PA Stat, MA Skunodum, N Neeyapun, K Jetsawang, B Culnane, M Tappero, J AF Teeraratkul, A Simonds, RJ Asavapiriyanont, S Chalermchokcharoenkit, A Vanprapa, N Chotpitayasunondh, T Mock, PA Stat, MA Skunodum, N Neeyapun, K Jetsawang, B Culnane, M Tappero, J CA Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HI TI Evaluating programs to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in two large Bangkok hospitals, 1999-2001 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE vertical HIV transmission; children; HIV infection; Thailand; evaluation; prevention ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; NATIONAL PROGRAM; THAILAND; ZIDOVUDINE; TYPE-1; REGIMENS; TRIAL AB The 2 largest maternity hospitals in Bangkok implemented comprehensive programs to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in 1998. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of postpartum HIV-infected women in 1999 through 2001 to evaluate these programs. Women were given structured interviews at 0 to 3 days, 1 month, and 2 months postpartum. Medical records of women and their newborns were reviewed. Of 488 enrolled women, 443 (91%) had antenatal care: 391 (88%) at study hospitals and 52 (12%) elsewhere. The HIV diagnosis was first known before pregnancy for 61 (13%) women, during pregnancy for 357 (73%) women, during labor for 22 (5%) women, and shortly after delivery for 48 (10%) women. Antenatal zidovudine (ZDV) was used by 347 (71%) women, and intrapartum ZDV was used by 372 (76%) women. Twelve (55%) of the 22 women who first learned of their HIV infection during labor took intrapartum ZDV. All 495 newborn infants started prophylactic ZDV; the first dose was given within 12 hours for 491 (99%) children. Ten (2%) children were breast-fed at least once by their mother, and 10 (2%) were breast-fed at least once by someone else. Although uptake of services was high, inconsistent antenatal care, fear of stigmatization, and difficulty in disclosing HIV status prevented some women from using services. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, TUC, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Rajavithi Hosp, Dept Med Serv, Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Dept Med Serv, Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Teeraratkul, A (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, TUC, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM agt4@cdc.gov OI chalermchockcharoenkit, amphan/0000-0001-5776-6988 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 2 BP 208 EP 212 DI 10.1097/00126334-200502010-00013 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 893RL UT WOS:000226736800013 PM 15671807 ER PT J AU Cuenca-Estrella, M Rodriguez, D Almirante, B Morgan, J Planes, AM Almela, M Mensa, J Sanchez, F Ayats, J Gimenez, M Salvado, M Warnock, DW Pahissa, A Rodriguez-Tudela, JL AF Cuenca-Estrella, M Rodriguez, D Almirante, B Morgan, J Planes, AM Almela, M Mensa, J Sanchez, F Ayats, J Gimenez, M Salvado, M Warnock, DW Pahissa, A Rodriguez-Tudela, JL CA Barcelona Candidemia Project Study TI In vitro susceptibilities of bloodstream isolates of Candida species to six antifungal agents: results from a population-based active surveillance programme, Barcelona, Spain, 2002-2003 SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE fluconazole resistance; caspofungin; voriconazole; EUCAST ID TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY RESISTANCE; INFECTIONS; FLUCONAZOLE; TRENDS; SPP.; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VORICONAZOLE; CASPOFUNGIN AB Objectives: The antifungal drug susceptibilities of 351 isolates of Candida species, obtained through active laboratory-based surveillance in the period January 2002-December 2003, were determined (Candida albicans 51%, Candida parapsilosis 23%, Candida tropicalis 10%, Candida glabrata 9%, Candida krusei 4%). Methods: The MICs of amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin were established by means of the broth microdilution reference procedure of the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing. Results and conclusions: Amphotericin B and flucytosine were active in vitro against all strains. A total of 24 isolates (6.8%) showed decreased susceptibility to fluconazole (MIC greater than or equal to 16 mg/L) and 43 (12.3%) showed decreased susceptibility to itraconazole (MIC greater than or equal to 0.25 mg/L). Voriconazole and caspofungin were active in vitro against the majority of isolates, even those that were resistant to fluconazole. C1 Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Serv Micol, Madrid 28220, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Univ Vall Hebron, Div Infect Dis, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Hosp Univ Vall Hebron, Dept Microbiol, Barcelona, Spain. Hosp Clin Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Dept Microbiol, Barcelona, Spain. Hosp Clin Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Div Infect Dis, Barcelona, Spain. Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Microbiol, Barcelona, Spain. Hosp Univ Bellvitge, Dept Microbiol, Barcelona, Spain. Hosp Univ Germans Trias & Pujol, Dept Microbiol, Barcelona, Spain. Hosp del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cuenca-Estrella, M (reprint author), Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Serv Micol, Ctra Majadahonda Pozuelo Km 2, Madrid 28220, Spain. EM mcuenca-estrella@isciii.es RI Ferrandos, Montserrat/H-7889-2012; Rodriguez-Pardo, Dolors/F-7978-2012; OI Rodriguez-Pardo, Dolors/0000-0001-6781-5405; Almirante, Benito/0000-0002-1189-2361 NR 38 TC 93 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 55 IS 2 BP 194 EP 199 DI 10.1093/jac/dkh548 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 891WR UT WOS:000226612200011 PM 15618284 ER PT J AU Looker, AC AF Looker, AC TI Body fat and vitamin D status in black versus white women SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY OCT 01-05, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res ID D-ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; D DEFICIENCY; NHANES-III; OBESITY; ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; METABOLISM; OVERWEIGHT AB Obesity has been linked to lower serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] values, but whether this relationship plays a role in the poorer vitamin D status observed in blacks vs. whites is not clear. This study examines the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and percent body fat (%BF) by race in 6042 women (3567 non-Hispanic whites and 2475 non-Hispanic blacks), aged 12+ yr, from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994). Serum 25(OH)D values were measured with an RIA kit (DiaSorin), and %BF was calculated from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Adjusting for %BF only slightly reduced differences in mean serum 25(OH)D by race. The negative relationship between serum 25(OH)D and %BF was noticeably stronger in whites than in blacks of the same age. Within race, the relationship was stronger in younger than older individuals. Adjusting for confounders reduced, but did not remove, these differences in relationship strength. In conclusion, the serum 25(OH)D-%BF relationship in women varies both by race (stronger in whites than blacks) and age (stronger in younger than older persons). This complex relationship may explain why differences in obesity do not appear to play a major role in explaining variation in serum 25(OH)D by race. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 4310,3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM acl1@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 90 IS 2 BP 635 EP 640 DI 10.1210/jc.2004-1765 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 895HD UT WOS:000226850700006 PM 15546897 ER PT J AU Yang, HL Kim, SK Kim, M Reche, PA Morehead, TJ Damon, IK Welsh, RM Reinherz, EL AF Yang, HL Kim, SK Kim, M Reche, PA Morehead, TJ Damon, IK Welsh, RM Reinherz, EL TI Antiviral chemotherapy facilitates control of poxvirus infections through inhibition of cellular signal transduction SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; TYROSINE KINASE; IMMUNITY; COMPLEX; SMALLPOX; NETWORK; CANCER; DOMAIN; CELLS; ERBB2 AB The EGF-like domain of smallpox growth factor (SPGF) targets human ErbB-1, inducing tyrosine phosphorylation of certain host cellular substrates via activation of the receptor's kinase domain and thereby facilitating viral replication. Given these findings, low molecular weight organic inhibitors of ErbB-1 kinases might function as antiviral agents against smallpox. Here we show that CI-1033 and related 4-anilinoquin-azolines inhibit SPGF-induced human cellular DNA synthesis, protein tyrosine kinase activation, and c-Cbl association with ErbB-1 and resultant internalization. Infection of monkey kidney BSC-40 and VERO-E6 cells in vitro by variola strain Solaimen is blocked by CI-1033, primarily at the level of secondary viral spreading. In an in vivo lethal vaccinia virus pneumonia model, CI-1033 alone promotes survival of animals, augments systemic T cell immunity and, in conjunction with a single dose of anti-L1R intracellular mature virus particle specific mAb, fosters virtually complete viral clearance of the lungs of infected mice by the eighth day after infection. Collectively, these findings show that chemical inhibitors of host-signaling pathways exploited by viral pathogens may represent potent antiviral therapies. C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Immunobiol Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reinherz, EL (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Immunobiol Lab, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ellis_reinherz@dfci.harvard.edu RI Reche, Pedro/B-1881-2013 OI Reche, Pedro/0000-0003-3966-5838 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI019807, AI19807, AI57300, R37 AI019807, R56 AI019807]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR035506] NR 32 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 115 IS 2 BP 379 EP 387 DI 10.1172/jc1200523200 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 895ML UT WOS:000226867300022 PM 15690085 ER PT J AU Marrazzo, JM Johnson, RE Green, TA Stamm, WE Schachter, J Bolan, G Hook, EW Jones, RB Martin, DH Louis, MES Black, CM AF Marrazzo, JM Johnson, RE Green, TA Stamm, WE Schachter, J Bolan, G Hook, EW Jones, RB Martin, DH Louis, MES Black, CM TI Impact of patient characteristics on performance of nucleic acid amplification tests and DNA probe for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in women with genital infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLECTED VAGINAL SWABS; LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; URINE SPECIMENS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; PCR; DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE; ASSAYS; FIELD; MEN AB The performance of nucleic acid amplified tests (NAAT) for Chlamydia trachomatis at the cervix and in urine was examined in 3,551 women, and the impacts of clinical findings (age, endocervical and urethral inflammation, menses, and gonococcal coinfection) were assessed. Ligase chain reaction (LCR) and first-generation uniplex PCR were studied relative to an unamplified DNA probe (PACE2) and to an expanded, independent diagnostic reference standard. Relative to the expanded standard, cervical or urine LCR was generally the most sensitive test in most subgroups. Increased detection by NAAT of cervical C. trachomatis over PACE2 was highest among women without mucopurulent endocervical discharge versus those with (relative increase in positivity with cervical LCR, 46%) and among women greater than or equal to20 years old versus younger women (relative increase in positivity with cervical LCR, 45%). The sensitivity of cervical PCR was highest when mucopurullent endocervical discharge was present (84%) and highest for cervical LCR when cervical gonococcal coinfection was detected (91%). Urethral inflammation was associated with higher sensitivities of urine LCR (86 compared to 70% when inflammation was absent) and PCR (82 compared to 62% when inflammation was absent). Menses had no effect on test performance. The effects of patient characteristics on test specificities were less pronounced and were closely related to observed sensitivities. These findings support expanded use of NAAT for screening and diagnosis of C. trachomatis in diverse clinical populations of women. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Marrazzo, JM (reprint author), Harborview Med Ctr, MPH, Div Infect Dis, 325 9th Ave,Mailbox 359931, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM jmm2@u.washington.edu OI Marrazzo, Jeanne/0000-0002-9277-7364 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 577 EP 584 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.2.577-584.2005 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897ZO UT WOS:000227045600008 PM 15695648 ER PT J AU Lowell, JL Wagner, DM Atshabar, B Antolin, MF Vogler, AJ Keim, P Chu, MC Gage, KL AF Lowell, JL Wagner, DM Atshabar, B Antolin, MF Vogler, AJ Keim, P Chu, MC Gage, KL TI Identifying sources of human exposure to plague SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMBER TANDEM REPEAT; YERSINIA-PESTIS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION AB Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague, has shaped the course of human history, killing millions of people in three major pandemics. This bacterium is still endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, where it poses a natural disease threat to human populations. Y. pestis has also recently received attention as a possible bioterrorism agent. Thus, rapid methods to distinguish between bioterrorism and naturally occurring plague infections are of major importance. Our study is the first to demonstrate that variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs) in the Y. pestis genome can link human case isolates to those obtained from suspected environmental sources of infection. We demonstrate the valuable utility of VNTR markers in epidemiological investigations of naturally occurring plague and the forensic analysis of possible bioterrorism events. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. M Aikimbayevs Kazakh Sci Ctr Quarantine & Zooton, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Lowell, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3500 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM rzl9@cdc.gov RI Wagner, David/A-5125-2010; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 NR 25 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 650 EP 656 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.2.650-656.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897ZO UT WOS:000227045600019 PM 15695659 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Alvarez, R Swayne, DE Suarez, DL AF Tumpey, TM Alvarez, R Swayne, DE Suarez, DL TI Diagnostic approach for differentiating infected from vaccinated poultry on the basis of antibodies to NS1, the nonstructural protein of influenza A virus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA; LIVE BIRD MARKETS; ANIMALS STRATEGY; UNITED-STATES; CHICKENS; EVOLUTION; EFFICACY; GENES; HEMAGGLUTININ; INTERFERON AB Vaccination programs for the control of avian influenza (AI) in poultry have limitations due to the problem of differentiating between vaccinated and virus-infected birds. We have used NS1, the conserved nonstructural protein of influenza A virus, as a differential diagnostic marker for influenza virus infection. Experimentally infected poultry were evaluated for the ability to induce antibodies reactive to NS1 recombinant protein produced in Escherichia coli or to chemically synthesized NS1 peptides. Immune sera were obtained from chickens and turkeys inoculated with live At virus, inactivated purified vaccines, or inactivated commercial vaccines. Seroconversion to positivity for antibodies to the NS1 protein was achieved in birds experimentally infected with multiple subtypes of influenza A virus, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. In contrast, animals inoculated with inactivated gradient-purified vaccines had no seroconversion to positivity for antibodies to the NS1 protein, and animals vaccinated with commercial vaccines had low, but detectable, levels of NS1 antibodies. The use of a second ELISA with diluted sera identified a diagnostic test that results in seropositivity for antibodies to the NS1 protein only in infected birds. For the field application phase of this study, serum samples were collected from vaccinated and infected poultry, diluted, and screened for anti-NS1 antibodies. Field sera from poultry that received commercial At vaccines were found to possess antibodies against AI virus, as measured by the standard agar gel precipitin (AGP) test, but they were negative by the NS1 ELISA. Conversely, diluted field sera from AI-infected poultry were positive for both AGP and NS1 antibodies. These results demonstrate the potential benefit of a simple, specific ELISA for anti-NS1 antibodies that may have diagnostic value for the poultry industries. C1 USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, ARS, Athens, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, DVRD, NCID, Mail Stop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 69 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 676 EP 683 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.2.676-683.2005 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897ZO UT WOS:000227045600023 PM 15695663 ER PT J AU Cowan, LS Diem, L Monson, T Wand, P Temporado, D Oemig, TV Crawford, JT AF Cowan, LS Diem, L Monson, T Wand, P Temporado, D Oemig, TV Crawford, JT TI Evaluation of a two-step approach for large-scale, prospective genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE UNITS; LOW COPY NUMBERS; DIFFERENTIATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BACTERIA; COMPLEX AB Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates is useful in tuberculosis control for confirming suspected transmission links, identifying unsuspected transmission, and detecting or confirming possible false-positive cultures. The value is greatly increased by reducing the turnaround time from positive culture to genotyping result and by increasing the proportion of cases for which results are available. Although IS6110 fingerprinting provides the highest discrimination, amplification-based methods allow rapid, high-throughput processing and yield digital results that can be readily analyzed and thus are better suited for large-scale genotyping. M. tuberculosis isolates (n = 259) representing 99% of culture-positive cases of tuberculosis diagnosed in Wisconsin in the years 2000 to 2003 were genotyped by using spoligotyping, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (MIRU) typing, and IS6110 fingerprinting. Spoligotyping clustered 64.1% of the isolates, MIRU typing clustered 46.7% of the isolates, and IS6110 fingerprinting clustered 29.7% of the isolates. The combination of spoligotyping and MIRU typing yielded 184 unique isolates and 26 clusters containing 75 isolates (29.0%). The addition of IS6110 fingerprinting reduced the number of clustered isolates to 30 (11.6%) if an exact pattern match was required or to 44 (17.0%) if the definition of a matching IS6110 fingerprint was expanded to include patterns that differed by the addition of a single band. Regardless of the genotyping method chosen, the addition of a second or third method decreased clustering. Our results indicate that using spoligotyping and MIRU typing together provides adequate discrimination in most cases. IS6110 fingerprinting can then be used as a secondary typing method to type the clustered isolates when additional discrimination is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. RP Crawford, JT (reprint author), Mailstop F08,CDC,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JCrawford@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 688 EP 695 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.2.688-695.2005 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897ZO UT WOS:000227045600025 PM 15695665 ER PT J AU Lopardo, HA Vidal, P Sparo, M Jeric, P Centron, D Facklam, RR Paganini, H Pagniez, NG Lovgren, M Beall, B AF Lopardo, HA Vidal, P Sparo, M Jeric, P Centron, D Facklam, RR Paganini, H Pagniez, NG Lovgren, M Beall, B CA Argentinian Streptococcus Study Gr TI Six-month multicenter study on invasive infections due to Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp equisimilis in Argentina SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; LEVEL AMINOGLYCOSIDE RESISTANCE; GROUP-C; M-PROTEINS; ERYTHROMYCIN; GENE; MECHANISMS; PENICILLIN; EMM; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB During a 6-month period, 95 invasive infections due to Streptococcus pyogenes and group C or group G Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis were recorded from 40 centers of 16 cities in Argentina. We describe here epidemiologic data available for 55 and 19 patients, respectively, associated with invasive infections due to S. pyogenes and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. The associated isolates and 58 additional pharyngeal isolates were genotyped and subjected to serologic and/or antibiotic susceptibility testing. Group A streptococcal emm type distribution and strain association with toxic shock appeared to differ somewhat from results found within the United States; however, serologic characterization and sof sequence typing suggested that emm types found in both countries are reflective of shared clonal types. C1 Hosp Pediat Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan, Microbiol Serv, RA-1245 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp Pediat Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan, Serv Epidemiol Infectol & Med Prevent, RA-1245 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp Ramon Santamarina, Tandil, Argentina. Hosp Pirovano, Tres Arroyos, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alberta, Hosp Edmonton, Prov Lab Publ Hlth, Natl Ctr Streptococcus, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Lopardo, HA (reprint author), Hosp Pediat Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan, Microbiol Serv, Combate Pozos 1881, RA-1245 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM hlopardo@garrahan.gov.ar NR 33 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 802 EP 807 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.2.802-807.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897ZO UT WOS:000227045600043 PM 15695683 ER PT J AU Tzeng, WP Zhou, Y Icenogle, J Frey, TK AF Tzeng, WP Zhou, Y Icenogle, J Frey, TK TI Novel replicon-based reporter gene assay for detection of rubella virus in clinical specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CONGENITAL-RUBELLA; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; AMERICA; SAMPLES; PCR; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ELIMINATION AB Proof of concept for a novel diagnostic assay for rubella virus (RUB) based on RUB replicons expressing reporter genes was demonstrated. RUB replicons have the structural protein coding region replaced with a reporter gene such as green fluorescent protein or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Previously, it was shown that a replicon construct with a specific in-frame deletion in the nonstructural protein coding region (Notl, approximately nucleotides 1500 to 2100 of the genome) failed to replicate and express the reporter gene unless rescued by a coinfecting wild-type helper RUB (W.-P. Tzeng et al., Virology 289:63-73, 2001). In the present study, it was found that rescue of reporter gene expression by Notl replicons occurred when coinfection was done with clinical specimens containing RUB, indicating that this system could be the basis for a diagnostic assay. The assay was sensitive, using laboratory RUB strains and as low a dose as one plaque-forming unit. The assay was specific in that it was positive for RUB strains of both genotypes and was negative for a panel of human viruses. It was also possible to genetically sequence the RUB present in positive clinical specimens detected in the assay for genotypic strain determination. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Frey, TK (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, 24 Peachtree Ctr Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM tfrey@gsu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI021389, AI21389] NR 24 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 879 EP 885 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.2.879-885.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897ZO UT WOS:000227045600055 PM 15695695 ER PT J AU Jones, RN Anderegg, TR Swenson, JM AF Jones, RN Anderegg, TR Swenson, JM CA Quality Control Working Grp TI Quality control guidelines for testing gram-negative control strains with polymyxin B and colistin (polymyxin E) by standardized methods SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; INTRAVENOUS COLISTIN; BACTERIA AB An eight-laboratory study addressed the urgent need for quality control (QC) ranges for susceptibility determination when testing colistin (polymyxin E) and polymyxin B, two polycationic peptide antimicrobial agents, against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. For Escherichia coli ATCC 259221, the QC ranges were as follows: for colistin, 0.25 to 1 mug/ml (11 to 17 mm), and for polymyxin B, 0.25 to 2 mug/ml (13 to 19 mm). For Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, the QC ranges were as follows: for colistin, 0.25 to 2 mug/ml (11 to 17 mm), and for polymyxin B, 0.25 to 2 mug/ml (14 to 18 mm). More than 97% of all reported QC results were within these proposed ranges. C1 JMI Labs Inc, JONES Grp, N Liberty, IA 52317 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, RN (reprint author), JMI Labs Inc, JONES Grp, 345 Beaver Kreek Ctr,Suite A, N Liberty, IA 52317 USA. EM ronald-jones@jmilabs.com NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 925 EP 927 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.2.925-927.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897ZO UT WOS:000227045600068 PM 15695708 ER PT J AU Facklam, R Elliott, J Shewmaker, L Reingold, A AF Facklam, R Elliott, J Shewmaker, L Reingold, A TI Identification and characterization of sporadic isolates of Streptococcus iniae isolated from humans SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; PATHOGEN; PORCINUS AB Seven reference strains and seven clinical isolates of Streptococcus iniae, submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Streptococcus Reference Laboratory between 2001 and 2004, were successfully identified by a conventional identification system. The seven randomly submitted clinical isolates were sensitive to beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, and vancomycin. Two of the seven clinical isolates were resistant to tetracycline. All seven strains grew well and multiplied in a phagocytosis assay. One of the seven randomly submitted strains was more similar to the type strain of S. iniae than to the other six strains. The latter six strains were similar if not identical to representative strains from a cluster of disease in Canada (M. R. Weinstein et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 337:589-594, 1997). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Streptococcus Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Facklam, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Streptococcus Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rrf2@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 50 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 933 EP 937 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.2.933-937.2005 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897ZO UT WOS:000227045600071 PM 15695711 ER PT J AU Gertz, RE McEllistrem, MC Boxrud, DJ Li, ZY Sakota, V Thompson, TA Facklam, RR Besser, JM Harrison, LH Whitney, CG Beall, B AF Gertz, RE McEllistrem, MC Boxrud, DJ Li, ZY Sakota, V Thompson, TA Facklam, RR Besser, JM Harrison, LH Whitney, CG Beall, B TI Clonal distribution of invasive pneumococcal isolates from children and selected adults in the United States prior to 7-valent conjugate vaccine introduction (vol 41, pg 4149, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Div Infect Dis, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Epidemiol Sect, Minneapolis, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Labs, Minneapolis, MN USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Gertz, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 1013 EP 1013 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.2.1013.2005 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897ZO UT WOS:000227045600098 ER PT J AU Glew, RS VanderJagt, DJ Bosse, R Huang, YS Chuang, LT Glew, RH AF Glew, RS VanderJagt, DJ Bosse, R Huang, YS Chuang, LT Glew, RH TI The nutrient content of three edible plants of the Republic of Niger SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE fatty acids; minerals; protein; Niger; nutrients; wild plant foods ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; AMINO-ACID-ANALYSIS; COPPER; ZINC; DERIVATIZATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEFICIENCY; CHILDREN; RICKETS; LEAVES AB People in Niger and elsewhere in the western Sahel consume wild and cultivated edible plants to satisfy their nutritional requirements. In many parts of the Republic of Niger farmers in rural areas produce insufficient yields of millet, the staple grain of the region. During periods of grain shortage people in rural Niger increase their reliance on wild plant foods to supplement their diets. Having a database of the nutrient content of wild and cultivated edible plants available in the region would be of value to educators and public health officials positioned to provide dietary advice to the food-stressed populations. Herein we report the fatty acid, amino acid and mineral and trace element content of three leafy plant foods collected in July 2002 in the villages of Droum and Zongon Mallam in the Republic of Niger: cecego (Sesbania pachycarpa), godilo/gudai (Crataeva religiosa), and cabbage leaf (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). All three plants contained large amounts of protein (18.6-36.2%) whose proportions of essential amino acids compared favorably with the WHO standard. Godilo/gudai and cabbage leaf contained large amounts of calcium (23.5-27.4 mg/g dry weight). All three plants contained potentially useful amounts of copper, zinc, iron, and a number of other essential minerals and trace elements, but no detectable selenium. However, the levels of the essential fatty acids, linoleic acid and a-linolenic acid, were low compared to other edible plant foods that are widely available in Niger. The data in this report underscore the potential value and utility of wild edible plants relative to the nutrition of people who live in rural Niger and elsewhere in the Sahel. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Adv Study Int Dev, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Abbott Labs, Ross Products Div, Columbus, OH USA. RP Glew, RH (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 915 Camino Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rglew@salud.unm.edu NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2003.12.002 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 879UR UT WOS:000225744900003 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Maher, K Michele, SM Belliot, G Uddin, M Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Maher, K Michele, SM Belliot, G Uddin, M Pallansch, MA TI Enteroviruses 76, 89, 90 and 91 represent a novel group within the species Human enterovirus A SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; UNTYPABLE ENTEROVIRUSES; FREQUENT RECOMBINATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; COMPLETE GENOME; VP1; CIRCULATION; EVOLUTION; CLASSIFICATION; PICORNAVIRUSES AB Molecular methods have enabled the rapid identification of new enterovirus (EV) serotypes that would have been untypable using existing neutralizing antisera. Nineteen strains of lour new EV types termed EV76 (11 isolates), EV89 (two isolates), EV90 (four isolates) and EV91 (two isolates), isolated from clinical specimens from patients in France (one isolate) and Bangladesh (18 isolates), are described. Nucleotide sequences encoding the VP1 capsid protein (882-888 nt) are less than 65% identical to the homologous sequences of the recognized human EV serotypes, but within each group the sequences are more than 78% identical. The deduced amino acid sequences of the complete capsid (PI) region are more than 94% identical within type but less than 76% identical to those of the recognized serotypes. For both VP1 and P1, the 19 isolates are monophyletic by type with respect to all other EV serotypes. Using the proposed molecular typing scheme, these data support their identification as four new types within the species Human enterovirus A (HEV-A). In almost all cases, ins VP1 sequences were more similar to those of some simian EVs than to the human EVs. Partial 3D sequences of all 19 isolates also clustered within HEV-A; they were monophyletic as a group, but not by type, suggesting that recombination has occurred among viruses of these four types. Partial 3D sequences were more closely related to those of simian EVs than to human viruses in HEV-A. These results suggest that the four new types may represent a new subgroup within HEV-A, in addition to the existing human and simian subgroups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 100 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1099/vir.0.80475-0 PN 2 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 893SC UT WOS:000226738500022 PM 15659764 ER PT J AU White, DM Wilson, WC Blair, CD Beaty, BJ AF White, DM Wilson, WC Blair, CD Beaty, BJ TI Studies on overwintering of bluetongue viruses in insects SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS DIPTERA; CELL-LINES; TRANSOVARIAL TRANSMISSION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SONORENSIS DIPTERA; GENOME SEGMENTS; UNITED-STATES; CERATOPOGONIDAE; PROTEIN; REPLICATION AB Bluetongue viruses (BTVs) are economically important arboviruses that affect sheep and cattle. The overwintering mechanism of BTVs in temperate climates has eluded researchers for many years. Many arboviruses overwinter in their invertebrate vectors. To test the hypothesis that BTVs overwinter in their vertically infected insect vectors, Culicoides sonorensis larvae were collected from long-term study sites in northern Colorado, USA, and assayed for the presence of BTV RNA by nested RT-PCR. Sequences from BTV RNA segment 7 were detected in 30% (17/56) of pools composed of larvae and pupae collected in 1998 and in 10%(31/319)of pools composed of adults reared from larvae collected in 1996. BTV was not isolated from the insects. Additionally, Culicoides cell-culture lines derived from material collected at one of the sites, of derived from insect samples collected during a BTV outbreak, contained BTV RNA segment In contrast, segment 2 RNA was detected at half the rate of segment 7 RNA in the field-collected larvae and was only detected in the Culicoides cell lines with one of two primer sets. These data suggest that BTVs could overwinter in the insect vector and that there is reduced expression of the outer capsid genes during persistent infection. C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP White, DM (reprint author), CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Bldg 15-SB,Mailstop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM chz8@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1099/vir.0.80290-0 PN 2 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 893SC UT WOS:000226738500023 PM 15659765 ER PT J AU Ghanem, KG Shah, N Klein, RS Mayer, KH Sobel, JD Warren, DL Jamieson, DJ Duerr, AC Rompalo, AM AF Ghanem, KG Shah, N Klein, RS Mayer, KH Sobel, JD Warren, DL Jamieson, DJ Duerr, AC Rompalo, AM CA HIV Epidemiology Res Study Grp TI Influence of sex hormones, HIV status, and concomitant sexually transmitted infection on cervicovaginal inflammation SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 09-12, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; VAGINAL TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1 TRANSMISSION; VIRAL LOAD; RNA LEVELS; WOMEN; SECRETIONS; PLASMA AB The impact of demographic characteristics, phase of the menstrual cycle, use of hormonal contraceptives, and concomitant lower genital-tract infections on cervicovaginal inflammatory cells was assessed in 967 women, 654 of whom were infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid was evaluated for total white blood cell (WBC), polymorphonuclear leukocyte, and monocyte counts. HIV-1 infection was not associated with statistically significant differences in numbers of inflammatory cells in CVL fluid except in 1 group-HIV-1-infected women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection had a 0.43 log(10) higher WBC count than their HIV-uninfected, chlamydia-positive counterparts (P = .04). Younger age and use of progesterone-based hormonal contraceptives were independently associated with increased numbers of inflammatory cells in CVL fluid. A 0.15-0.2 log(10) increase in inflammatory cells was seen in black versus white and Hispanic women after adjustment for known potential confounders. Progesterone-based contraceptives, younger age, and race have an independent effect on cervicovaginal inflammatory cells. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Bayview Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ghanem, KG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Bayview Med Ctr, B3 N,4940 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM kghanem@jhmi.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU506831, U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798, U64/CCU306802] NR 36 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 3 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1086/427190 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 885BH UT WOS:000226130500006 PM 15633094 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Padian, NS Holmes, KK AF Aral, SO Padian, NS Holmes, KK TI Advances in multilevel approaches to understanding the epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted infections and HIV: An overview SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; DEMOGRAPHIC-IMPACT; TYPE-1 INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASES; DETERMINANTS; TRANSMISSION; AIDS; RATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Obstet Gynecol & Res Dept, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STDs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Informat Technol Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soa1@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 191 SU 1 BP S1 EP S6 DI 10.1086/425290 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 885BV UT WOS:000226132300001 PM 15627219 ER PT J AU Doherty, IA Padian, NS Marlow, C Aral, SO AF Doherty, IA Padian, NS Marlow, C Aral, SO TI Determinants and consequences of sexual networks as they affect the spread of sexually transmitted infections SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; MIXING PATTERNS; SOCIAL NETWORKS; HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC THRESHOLDS; RISK BEHAVIORS; CHLAMYDIA AB Because pathogens spread only within the unique context of a sexual union between people when one person is infectious, the other is susceptible to new infection, and condoms are not used to prevent transmission, the epidemiological study of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is particularly challenging. Social network analysis entails the study of ties among people and how the structure and quality of such ties affect individuals and overall group dynamics. Although ascertaining complete sexual networks is difficult, application of this approach has provided unique insights into the spread of STIs that traditional individual-based epidemiological methods do not capture. This article provides a brief background on the design and assessments of studies of social networks, to illustrate how these methods have been applied to understanding the distribution of STIs, to inform the development of interventions for STI control. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Ctr Reprod Hlth Res & Policy, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. MIT, Media Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Doherty, IA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, CB 7030,130 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM doherty@med.unc.edu NR 73 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 191 SU 1 BP S42 EP S54 DI 10.1086/425277 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 885BV UT WOS:000226132300005 PM 15627230 ER PT J AU Ghani, AC Aral, SO AF Ghani, AC Aral, SO TI Patterns of sex worker-client contacts and their implications for the persistence of sexually transmitted infections SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMERCIAL SEX; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; SOUTH-AFRICA; HIV; PREVALENCE; RISK; BENIN; INTERVENTION; GONORRHEA; BEHAVIOR AB Sex workers (SWs) and their clients are often identified as being central in transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Little is known about how patterns of contact between SWs and their clients influence the persistence of STIs. We developed an individual-based simulation model to explore how variation in number of client contacts per SW, whether clients repeatedly visited the same SW, and the relative sizes of the SW and client populations influence the endemic prevalence of gonorrhea and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. Persistence of either infection was more likely if clients visited many different SWs, regardless of variation in the SW-client contact rate, and also resulted in a higher endemic prevalence in both populations and a greater likelihood of persistence of infection at lower levels in the general population. The size of the SW population (relative to the total population) was found to be most important in determining the overall prevalence of infection. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ghani, AC (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Norfolk Pl, London W2 1PG, England. EM a.ghani@imperial.ac.uk RI Ghani, Azra/B-8560-2009 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 191 SU 1 BP S34 EP S41 DI 10.1086/425276 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 885BV UT WOS:000226132300004 PM 15627229 ER PT J AU Peterman, TA Lindsey, CA Selik, RM AF Peterman, TA Lindsey, CA Selik, RM TI This place is killing me: A comparison of counties where the incidence rates of AIDS increased the most and the least SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SOCIAL-ENVIRONMENT; HEALTH; INEQUALITIES; MORTALITY; SYPHILIS; POVERTY AB Background. The objective of this study was to identify the socioeconomic and health characteristics of communities with the largest proportional increases in incidence rates of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS). Methods. Reported AIDS cases (1981-1990 and 1995-1999) were used for a comparison between 20 US counties with the largest proportional increases in incidence rates of AIDS and 20 US counties with the smallest increases. Data were obtained from Community Health Status Indicators Reports of the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) and from the US Census Bureau. Results. Counties with the largest increases in the incidence of AIDS had lower levels of income, education, and literacy; higher incidence rates of syphilis, age-adjusted mortality ( all causes), and infant mortality; more low-birth-weight infants; and higher levels on all 9 specific mortality measures in the HRSA reports. Conclusions. The incidence of AIDS increased the most in areas where many other health problems occurred. Research is needed to identify and address the root causes of ill health. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Reprint Serv, Off Commun,NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Reprint Serv, Off Commun,NCHSTP, Mail Stop E-06,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tpeterman@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 191 SU 1 BP S123 EP S126 DI 10.1086/425284 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 885BV UT WOS:000226132300014 PM 15627222 ER PT J AU Kalou, M Sassan-Morokro, M Abouya, L Bile, C Maurice, C Maran, M Tossou, O Roels, T Greenberg, AE Wiktor, SZ Nkengasong, JN AF Kalou, M Sassan-Morokro, M Abouya, L Bile, C Maurice, C Maran, M Tossou, O Roels, T Greenberg, AE Wiktor, SZ Nkengasong, JN TI Changes in HIV RNA viral load, CD4+ T-cell counts, and levels of immune activation markers associated with anti-tuberculosis therapy and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis among HIV-infected tuberculosis patients in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; POSITIVE TUBERCULOSIS; LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; TYPE-1; PLASMA; MORTALITY; BLOOD AB We analyzed changes in plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 viral load, CD4+ T-cell count, and markers of immune activation markers at start of treatment of tuberculosis and 12 months after among 44 HIV-1-infected patients with newly diagnosed, sputum-smear positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis pulmonary infection. All patients received a standard regimen of 6 months of rifampicin and isoniazid with first 2 months of pyrazinamid with or without cotrimoxazole. Compared with values at start of treatment, median viral load increased by a median of 0.64 log(10) copies/ml after 12 months of follow-up (P=0.0002). Median CD4+ T-cell counts were 393 cells/L at start of treatment and 370 cells/L after 12 months of follow-up (P=0.61). Levels of serum activation markers decreased significantly at 12 months of follow-up of the patients for both patients on standard and cotrimoxazole treatment. Levels of viral load, CD4+ T-cell counts, and markers of immune activation were not different for patients on standard treatment of tuberculosis compared with those on standard and cotrimoxazole treatment. Levels of serum activation markers decreased significantly at 12 months of follow-up of the patients for both patients on standard and cotrimoxazole treatment. Because viral load is a predictor of disease progression, its persistent elevated levels in blood of HIV-infected patients co-infected with tuberculosis, who successfully complete TB treatment, may account for the high mortality observed in this population. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res Lab, Div AIDS STD TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res Lab, Div AIDS STD TB, 1600 Clifton Rd MS A25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcn5@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 75 IS 2 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1002/jmv.20257 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 883KG UT WOS:000226009400004 PM 15602734 ER PT J AU Ellepola, ANB Morrison, CJ AF Ellepola, ANB Morrison, CJ TI Laboratory diagnosis of invasive candidiasis SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE candida; diagnosis; candidiasis; laboratory tests ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MEDICALLY IMPORTANT CANDIDA; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; MAJOR CYTOPLASMIC ANTIGEN; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; STRAND CONFORMATIONAL POLYMORPHISM; RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS; LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS AB Invasive candidiasis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical diagnosis is complicated by a lack of specific clinical signs and symptoms of disease. Laboratory diagnosis is also complex because circulating antibodies to Candida species may occur in normal individuals as the result of commensal colonization of mucosal surfaces thereby reducing the usefulness of antibody detection for the diagnosis of this disease. In addition, Candida species antigens are often rapidly cleared from the circulation so that antigen detection tests often lack the desired level of sensitivity. Microbiological confirmation is difficult because blood cultures can be negative in up to 50% of autopsy-proven cases of deep-seated candidiasis or may only become positive late in the infection. Positive cultures from urine or mucosal surfaces do not necessarily indicate invasive disease although can occur during systemic infection. Furthermore, differences in the virulence and in the susceptibility of the various Candida species to antifungal drugs make identification to the species level important for clinical management. Newer molecular biological tests have generated interest but are not yet standardized or readily available in most clinical laboratory settings nor have they been validated in large clinical trials. Laboratory surveillance of at-risk patients could result in earlier initiation of antifungal therapy if sensitive and specific diagnostic tests, which are also cost effective, become available. This review will compare diagnostic tests currently in use as well as those under development by describing their assets and limitations for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Peradeniya, Fac Dent Sci, Dept Oral Med & Periodontol, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. RP Morrison, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cjm3@cdc.gov NR 178 TC 94 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 6 PU MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY KOREA PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CENTER 803, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1225-8873 J9 J MICROBIOL JI J. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 SI SI BP 65 EP 84 PG 20 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 915SF UT WOS:000228323900001 PM 15765060 ER PT J AU Hunsperger, E Roehrig, JT AF Hunsperger, E Roehrig, JT TI Characterization of West Nile viral replication and maturation in peripheral neurons in culture SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE brefeldin A; dorsal root ganglion; neurons; nocodazole; persistence; West Nile virus (WNV) ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; VERO CELLS; INFECTION; FLAVIVIRUS; ESTABLISHMENT; NOCODAZOLE; EPIDEMIC AB The North American West Nile virus (WNV), New York 1999 strain, appears to be highly neurotropic, and its neuroinvasiveness is an important aspect of human disease. The authors have developed an in vitro model to study WNV replication and protein processing in neurons. They compared WNV infection of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons (sensory neurons) and PC-12 cells (sympathetic neurons) to WNV infection of the mosquito cell line, C6/36, and Vero cells. WNV infection of both neuronal cell types and C6/36 cells was not cytopathic up to 30 days post infection, and continual viral shedding was observed during this period. However, WNV infection of Vero cells was lytic. Interestingly, WNV infection of neurons was not efficient, requiring a high multiplicity of infection of greater than or equal to10. Indirect immunofluorescence assays using normal and confocal microscopy with flavivirus-reactive antibodies and WNV-infected neurons demonstrated viral antigen mostly associated with the plasma membrane and in the neurite processes. Treatment of WNV-infected C6/36, PC-12, or DRG cells with brefeldin A (BFA; a trans-Golgi inhibitor) or nocadazole (a beta-tubulin inhibitor) had little effect on viral maturation and secretion. Treatment of WNV-infected Vero cells with BFA resulted in a 1000-fold decrease in viral titer, but nocodazole had no effect. Our studies suggest that even though PC-12 and DRG neurons are mammalian cells, viral protein processing and maturation in these cells more closely resembles replication in C6/36 insect cells than in mammalian Vero cells. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Hunsperger, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM enh4@cdc.gov OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1080/13550280590900454 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 903PR UT WOS:000227438600002 PM 15804955 ER PT J AU Ledikwe, JH Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK Seymour, JD Tohill, BC Rolls, BJ AF Ledikwe, JH Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK Seymour, JD Tohill, BC Rolls, BJ TI Dietary energy density determined by eight calculation methods in a nationally representative united states population SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy density; intraindividual variation; methodology; diet ID WEIGHT STATUS; MACRONUTRIENT COMPOSITION; FOOD; WOMEN; CONSUMPTION; BEVERAGES; CARBOHYDRATE; CHILDREN; QUALITY; HUMANS AB Dietary energy density [kcal/g (kJ/g)] influences energy intake under controlled laboratory conditions. Little is known about the energy density of the diets of free-living persons. Because energy density investigations are a relatively new endeavor, there are neither standard calculation methods nor published nationally representative values. This paper examines the calculation of energy density based on systematic exclusion of beverage categories, presents data on variability, and compares values by sex, age, and race/ethnicity in a representative sample of U.S. adults. Mean daily dietary energy density values for adults (aged > 19 y) were calculated using two 24-h recalls from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994-1996 based on food, food and liquid meal replacements, food and alcohol, food and juice, food and milk, food and juice and milk, food and energy-containing beverages, and food and all beverages. Energy density varied by calculation method, ranging from 0.94 to 1.85 kcal/g (3.93-7.74 kJ/g). Intraindividual-to-interindividual CV ratios were highest for the food and energy-containing beverages calculation. Men reported diets with a higher energy density than women for all calculation methods (P < 0.0001). There were differences by race/ethnicity and an inverse linear trend for age. These data indicate that beverage inclusion schemes should be clearly defined when reporting energy density values. In epidemiologic studies, calculations based on food and all beverages and food and energy-containing beverages may diminish associations with outcome variables. These nationally representative data, which provide an important frame of reference for other studies, indicate that dietary energy density differs by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, State Coll, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Publ Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ledikwe, JH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, State Coll, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mvh111@psu.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 059853, R37 DK 039177] NR 27 TC 172 Z9 176 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 135 IS 2 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 894GU UT WOS:000226779700021 PM 15671225 ER PT J AU Euler, AR Mitchell, DK Kline, R Pickering, LK AF Euler, AR Mitchell, DK Kline, R Pickering, LK TI Prebiotic effect of fructo-oligosaccharide supplemented term infant formula at two concentrations compared with unsupplemented formula and human milk SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-FED INFANTS; FECAL FLORA; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; INTESTINAL FLORA; LACTOBACILLUS-GG; IN-VITRO; PREVENTION; DIARRHEA; NEWBORN; FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDE AB Background: Human milk components, including oligosaccharides, affect the gastrointestinal flora of infants. Previous studies in adults have demonstrated that fructo-oligosaccharides increase potentially beneficial fecal bacteria, including bifidobacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the prebiotic effect of infant formula supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides. Methods: Healthy term infants 2 to 6 weeks of age were enrolled in a 5-week, prospective, randomized, crossover, single-site study with a nonrandomized human milk comparator group. Washout weeks preceded and followed a week of feeding with fructo-oligosaccharide-supplemented formula (1.5 or 3.0 g/L). Stool specimens were quantitatively cultured weekly for bacteroides, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, clostridia and enterococci and were tested for Clostridium difficile toxin. Results: Seventy-two of 87 infants completed the trial; 58 were formula fed and 14 were human milk fed. Mean counts of bitidobacteria and lactobacilli were similar in all groups at entry and no group experienced a significant change in counts with fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation. After 7 days of fructooligosaccharide supplementation the bifidobacteria counts were greater in the 1.5 g/L fructo-oligosaccharide formula group than in the human milk fed or 3.0 g/L fructo-oligosaccharide formula groups. Formula-fed infants had higher counts of enterococci and bacteroides before fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation, and these counts did not change after supplementation. Clostridium counts increased 7 days after supplementation in the 1.5 g/L fructo-oligosaccharide formula group (P = 0.0356). No human milk fed infants had C. difficile toxin in stools. Fructo-oligosaccharide (3.0 g/L) supplementation resulted in more frequent and significantly softer stools. Conclusions: Infant formula supplemented with 1.5 or 3.0 g/L fructo-oligosaccharides was safe but had minimal effect on fecal flora and C. difficile toxin. C1 Wyeth Nutr, Collegeville, PA USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Ctr Pediat Res, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Euler, AR (reprint author), 2316 Stacey Hollow Pl, Lafayette, IN 47905 USA. EM a.euler@insightbb.com NR 34 TC 77 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1097/00005176-200502000-00014 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 894HY UT WOS:000226783000014 PM 15699689 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD AF Grosse, SD TI Does newborn screening save money? The difference between cost-effective and cost-saving interventions SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; PRENATAL-CARE; UNIVERSAL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 146 IS 2 BP 168 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.10.015 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 895FM UT WOS:000226846300006 PM 15689900 ER PT J AU Sacks, JJ Harrold, LR Helmick, CG Gurwitz, JH Emani, S Yood, RA AF Sacks, JJ Harrold, LR Helmick, CG Gurwitz, JH Emani, S Yood, RA TI Validation of a surveillance case definition for arthritis SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arthritis; surveillance; prevalence; case definitions; epidemiology; validation ID SYMPTOMATIC KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATIC CONDITIONS; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; RISK AB Objective. To assess whether self-reports of chronic joint symptoms or doctor-diagnosed arthritis can validly identify persons with clinically verifiable arthritis. Methods. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a telephone health survey, defines a case of arthritis as a self-report of chronic joint symptoms (CJS) and/or doctor-diagnosed arthritis (DDx). A sample of health plan enrollees aged 45-64 years and greater than or equal to 65 years with upcoming annual physical examinations were surveyed by telephone using the 2002 BRFSS CJS and DDx questions. Based on responses (CJS+, DDx-; CJS-, DDx+; CJS+, DDx+; CJS-, DDx-), respondents were recruited to undergo a standardized clinical history and physical examination for arthritis (the gold standard for clinical validation). Weighted sensitivities and specificities of the case definition were calculated to adjust for sampling. Results. Of 2180 persons completing the telephone questionnaire, 389 were examined; of these, 258 met the case definition and 131 did not. For those examined and aged 45 to 64 years (n = 179), 96 persons had arthritis confirmed, of whom 76 met the case definition. Among those examined and aged greater than or equal to 65 (n = 210), 150 had arthritis confirmed, of whom 124 met the case definition. Among those without clinical arthritis, 45 of 83 of those aged 45 to 64 years and 40 of 60 of those aged greater than or equal to 65 did not meet the case definition. For those aged 45 to 64 years, the weighted sensitivity of the case definition in this sample was 77.4% and the weighted specificity was 58.8%; for those aged 65, the sensitivity was 83.6% and specificity 70.6%. CJS+ had higher sensitivity and lower specificity than DDx+ in the younger age group; CJS+ and DDx+ behaved more comparably in the older age group. Conclusion. The case definition based on self-reported CJS and/or DDx appeared to be sensitive in identifying arthritis, but specificity was lower than desirable for those under age 65 years. Better methods of ascertaining arthritis by self-report are needed. Until then, a change in the surveillance case definition for arthritis appears warranted. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, DACH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Fallon Fdn, Meyers Primary Care Inst, Worcester, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA. Fallon Clin Res Dept, W Boylston, MA USA. Fallon Clin Inc, Worcester, MA USA. RP Sacks, JJ (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, DACH, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jjs3@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 340 EP 347 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 895RI UT WOS:000226880300022 PM 15693097 ER PT J AU Lowry, R Brener, N Lee, S Epping, J Fulton, J Eaton, D AF Lowry, R Brener, N Lee, S Epping, J Fulton, J Eaton, D CA Centers Dis Control Prevent TI Participation in high school physical education - United States, 1991-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, 2004, 53(36)844-847) SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Reprint C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lowry, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD FEB PY 2005 VL 75 IS 2 BP 47 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2005.tb00009.x PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 914MJ UT WOS:000228231600001 ER PT J AU Vicioso, KJ Parsons, JT Nanin, JE Purcell, DW Woods, WJ AF Vicioso, KJ Parsons, JT Nanin, JE Purcell, DW Woods, WJ TI Experiencing release: Sex environments and escapism for HIV-positive men who have sex with men SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RISK BEHAVIOR AB There are nonsexual reasons that may motivate people to seek out sexual activity with others. Some men who have sex with men may seek out sex environments to engage in sexual behavior Among the nonsexual reasons that exist for men who have sex with men is a desire to escape from distressing thoughts and feelings. The amplified sexuality and other unique characteristics of sex environments allow men to have more intense emotional experiences around sex. Using the cognitive escape model as a theoretical foundation, this analysis focuses on the emotional vulnerability that some of the men who visit these venues may be avoiding and how their experiences at these venues might act as releasing mechanisms to alleviate dissonant thoughts and feelings. Implications for public health services and future research are discussed. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, Ctr HIV Educ Studies & Training, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Parsons, JT (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM jeffrey.parsons@hunter.cuny.edu OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168; Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU213605, U62/CCU913557] NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC SCIENTIFIC STUDY SEX INC PI MT VERNON PA PO BOX 208, MT VERNON, IA 52314 USA SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 910GT UT WOS:000227919600003 PM 15795800 ER PT J AU Stables, GJ Young, EM Howerton, MW Yaroch, AL Kuester, S Solera, MK Cobb, K Nebeling, L AF Stables, GJ Young, EM Howerton, MW Yaroch, AL Kuester, S Solera, MK Cobb, K Nebeling, L TI Small school-based effectiveness trials increase vegetable and fruit consumption among youth SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE TEACHERS; US ADULTS; GIMME 5; HEALTH; PROGRAM; CHILDREN; OUTCOMES; ADOLESCENTS; CANCER; RISK AB This article profiles a research initiative of state health agency-initiated 5 A Day school-based interventions. Four of the seven projects reviewed had significant results, with an average effect size of 0.4 servings of vegetables and fruit. Results are comparable with the largerscale, well-controlled, and more costly 5 A Day For Better Health efficacy trials. These comparable findings underscore the value of assessing effectiveness of interventions in real-world settings to potentially enable wide-scale implementation of tested strategies. These small effectiveness trials show that school-based interventions are feasible to implement using current and effective strategies, and may facilitate translation of health promotion research to practice. The projects fostered valuable research/practice partnerships at the community level. Limitations across studies included heterogeneity in research methods, participant attrition, and variability in reporting data. Further research is needed to develop standardized, cost-effective dietary assessment methodology for viable dissemination research in community settings. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. GJS Associates, Potomac, MD USA. NCI, 5 A Day Better Hlth Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Hlth Promot Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Canc Prevent & Control, Baltimore, MD USA. NCI, Behav Res Program, Hlth Promot Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Hlth Promot Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 5 Day Better Hlth Program, Old Saybrook, CT USA. RP Stables, GJ (reprint author), 12740 Lamp Post Lane, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. EM gstables@comcast.net NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 105 IS 2 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.11.031 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 893QA UT WOS:000226733100017 PM 15668684 ER PT J AU Hausdorff, WP Feikin, DR Klugman, KP AF Hausdorff, WP Feikin, DR Klugman, KP TI Epidemiological differences among pneumococcal serotypes SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; DAY-CARE-CENTER; CONJUGATE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; INVASIVE-DISEASE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SOUTHERN ISRAEL; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB The bacterial species Streptococcus pneumoniae consists of 90 immunologically distinct serotypes, of which some possess distinct epidemiological properties. Certain serotypes are much more likely to be associated with nasopharyngeal colonisation than to cause invasive disease. Compared with transient or infrequent colonisers, serotypes carried at high rates by young children may rapidly elicit age-associated natural immunity to invasive disease. Other serotypes seem to be of disproportionate importance as causes of disease in very young infants, in older children, in immuno-compromised individuals, or in elderly people. Some serotypes; seem to be associated with particular disease syndromes, such as complicated pneumonias in children, or with higher rates of hospitalisation in children or mortality in adults, or are consistently responsible for outbreaks in certain populations. Since pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are directed at specific serotypes, national immunisation advisory committees may wish to consider these serotype-specific properties when considering which vaccine formulation to introduce into a national programme. C1 GlaxoSmithKline Biol, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Witwatersrand, MRC, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Hausdorff, WP (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline Biol, 2301 Reneissance Blvd,BN0220,POB 61540, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. EM w25am.p.hausdorff@gsk.com NR 143 TC 325 Z9 340 U1 1 U2 13 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 83 EP 93 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 893ZH UT WOS:000226759100022 PM 15680778 ER PT J AU Chowdhary, A Randhawa, HS Sharma, S Brandt, ME Kumar, S AF Chowdhary, A Randhawa, HS Sharma, S Brandt, ME Kumar, S TI Malassezia furfur in a case of onychomycosis: colonizer or etiologic agent? SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE etiologic agent/colonizer; ketoconazole therapy; Malassezia furfur; onychomycosis AB The etiologic role of Malassezia furfur in onychomycosis is a contentious diagnostic problem because its keratinolytic ability has never been verified. This case report describes the isolation of M. furfur from the infected nails of a child clinically diagnosed with onychomycosis, and discusses the role of this organism as an etiologic agent/colonizer. The patient presented with subungual hyperkeratosts and onycholysis without associated paronychia. Budding yeast cells compatible with M. furfur were repeatedly demonstrated in KOH wet mounts of damaged nails, histopathology of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stained sections showed penetration of fungal elements between deeper layers of keratin. and numerous colonies of M. furfur were isolated on three consecutive occasions from nail specimens collected from different areas of hand and toenail lesions. No evidence of nail invasion by dermatophytic or nondermatophytic filamentous fungi were found by direct microscopy or culture. Microscopy and culture were negative following 12 weeks of ketoconazole treatment, which resulted in growth of healthy nail plates with normal beds. We can infer from these observations that M. furfur was an etiologic agent rather than a colonizer in the patient's nails even though direct keratinolytic character of this fungus was not demonstrated. C1 Univ Delhi, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Inst, Dept Med Mycol, Delhi 110007, India. Univ Delhi, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Inst, Dept Pathol, Delhi 110007, India. Safdarjang Hosp, Dept Dermatol, New Delhi, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chowdhary, A (reprint author), Univ Delhi, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Inst, Dept Med Mycol, POB 2101, Delhi 110007, India. EM dranuradha@hotmail.com RI pasuvalingam, visha/B-5717-2012; OI Chowdhary, Anuradha/0000-0002-2028-7462 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1080/13693780400006070 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 892QY UT WOS:000226666300010 PM 15712613 ER PT J AU Larsson, P Oyston, PCF Chain, P Chu, MC Duffield, M Fuxelius, HH Garcia, E Halltorp, G Johansson, D Isherwood, KE Karp, PD Larsson, E Liu, Y Michell, S Prior, J Prior, R Malfatti, S Sjostedt, A Svensson, K Thompson, N Vergez, L Wagg, JK Wren, BW Lindler, LE Andersson, SGE Forsman, M Titball, RW AF Larsson, P Oyston, PCF Chain, P Chu, MC Duffield, M Fuxelius, HH Garcia, E Halltorp, G Johansson, D Isherwood, KE Karp, PD Larsson, E Liu, Y Michell, S Prior, J Prior, R Malfatti, S Sjostedt, A Svensson, K Thompson, N Vergez, L Wagg, JK Wren, BW Lindler, LE Andersson, SGE Forsman, M Titball, RW TI The complete genome sequence of Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM; PASTEURELLA-TULARENSIS; INTRACELLULAR INFECTION; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; GROWTH INITIATION; VIRULENCE FACTORS; MACROPHAGES; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; ESCAPE AB Francisella tularensis is one of the most infectious human pathogens known. In the past, both the former Soviet Union and the US had programs to develop weapons containing the bacterium. We report the complete genome sequence of a highly virulent isolate of F. tularensis (1,892, 819 bp). The sequence uncovers previously uncharacterized genes encoding type IV pili, a surface polysaccharide and iron-acquisition systems. Several virulence-associated genes were located in a putative pathogenicity island, which was duplicated in the genome. More than 10% of the putative coding sequences contained insertion-deletion or substitution mutations and seemed to be deteriorating. The genome is rich in IS elements, including IS630 Tc-1 mariner family transposons, which are not expected in a prokaryote. We used a computational method for predicting metabolic pathways and found an unexpectedly high proportion of disrupted pathways, explaining the fastidious nutritional requirements of the bacterium. The loss of biosynthetic pathways indicates that F. tularensis is an obligate host-dependent bacterium in its natural life cycle. Our results have implications for our understanding of how highly virulent human pathogens evolve and will expedite strategies to combat them. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Def Sci & Technol Lab, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. Swedish Def Res Agcy, SE-90182 Umea, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Uppsala, Dept Mol Evolut, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. SRI Int, Bioinformat Res Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Clin Microbiol, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. RP Titball, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rtitball@dstl.gov.uk RI chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Forsman, Mats/A-1426-2016; OI Forsman, Mats/0000-0002-4466-5325; Sjostedt, Anders/0000-0002-0768-8405; Karp, Peter/0000-0002-5876-6418 NR 50 TC 292 Z9 597 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1038/ng1499 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 893AB UT WOS:000226690100021 PM 15640799 ER PT J AU Petrini, JR Callaghan, WM Klebanoff, M Green, NS Lackritz, EM Howse, JL Schwarz, RH Damus, K AF Petrini, JR Callaghan, WM Klebanoff, M Green, NS Lackritz, EM Howse, JL Schwarz, RH Damus, K TI Estimated effect of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate on preterm birth in the United States SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology Conference CY DEC, 2003 CL Tempe, AZ ID PREVENTION AB OBJECTIVE: A multicenter, randomized placebo-controlled trial among women with singleton pregnancies and a history of spontaneous preterm birth found that weekly injections of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P), initiated between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation, reduced preterm birth by 33%. The current study estimated both preterm birth recurrence and the potential reduction in the national preterm. birth rate. METHODS: Using 2002 national birth certificate data, augmented by vital statistics from 2 states, we estimated the number of singleton births delivered to women eligible for 17P through both a history of spontaneous preterm. birth and prenatal care onset within the first 4 months of pregnancy. The number and rate of recurrent spontaneous preterm births were estimated. To predict effect, the reported 33% reduction in spontaneous preterm birth attributed to 17P therapy was applied to these estimates. RESULTS: In 2002, approximately 30,000 recurrent preterm births occurred to women eligible for 17P, having had a recurrent preterm birth rate of 22.5%. If 17P therapy were delivered to these women, nearly 10,000 spontaneous preterm births would have been prevented, thereby reducing the overall United States preterm birth rate by approximately 2%, from 12.1% to 11.8% (P < .001), with higher reductions in targeted groups of eligible pregnant women. CONCLUSION: Use of 17P could reduce preterm birth among eligible women, but would likely have a modest effect on the national preterm birth rate. Additional research is urgently needed to identify other populations who might benefit from 17P, evaluate new methods for early detection of women at risk, and develop additional prevention strategies. C1 Natl Off, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Maimonides Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Brooklyn, NY 11219 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pediat & Cell Biol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Petrini, JR (reprint author), Natl Off, 1375 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. EM jpetrini@marchofdimes.com OI Green, Nancy/0000-0002-9877-1561 NR 9 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 105 IS 2 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000150560.24297.4f PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 893DX UT WOS:000226700600008 PM 15684150 ER PT J AU Denno, DM Stapp, JR Boster, DR Qin, X Clausen, CR Del Beccaro, KH Swerdlow, DL Braden, CR Tarr, PI AF Denno, DM Stapp, JR Boster, DR Qin, X Clausen, CR Del Beccaro, KH Swerdlow, DL Braden, CR Tarr, PI TI Etiology of diarrhea in pediatric outpatient settings SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Camplylobacter; Salmonella; Shigella; diarrhea; viruses ID CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; GASTROENTERITIS; NETHERLANDS; POPULATION; TOXIN AB Background: The frequency with which bacteria cause diarrhea evaluated in ambulatory settings is often unknown. We attempted to determine the microbiologic etiology of diarrhea in a private pediatric practice (site A) and a clinic serving largely immigrant children (site B) and to establish guidelines for bacterial culture. Methods: Children with diarrhea were prospectively enrolled, and their stools were examined for diarrheagenic bacteria, viruses and parasites. Results: A total of 123 and 103 children were enrolled at sites A and B, respectively. Stools from all (100%), 126 (55.8%), 104 (46.0%) and 75 (33.2%) were tested for bacterial enteric pathogens, parasites, Clostridium difficile toxin and viruses, respectively. Of the 75 patients whose Stool underwent complete testing, 36 (48%) contained at least 1 definitive or plausible pathogen. Twelve stools (5.3%) tested positive for bacteria [Campylobaeter jejuni (n = 7), Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella serogroup D and Salmonella Braenderup (n - 1 each)]. One contained Blastocystis hominis, 8 contained C. difficile toxin and 16 contained viruses (9 rotavirus, 5 adenovirus and 2 astrovirus). Visible fecal blood (P = 0.029), increased stool frequency (P 0.035), abdominal tenderness (P - 0.011) and fecal white (P < 0.00 1) or red blood cells (P = 0.002) were associated with bacterial infection. All children with stool yielding diarrheagenic bacteria or C. difficile toxin had at least 1 of these factors, but so did 75% of children without these agents (positive predictive value, 11%; negative predictive value, 100%; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 25%). Conclusions: The bacterial diarrhea prevalence is similar to that in other ambulatory studies, although the spectrum differs. Exclusion criteria for stool testing in diarrhea remain elusive. Studies to determine the etiology of unexplained diarrhea and cost-effective algorithms for diarrhea diagnosis, are needed. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ballard Pediat Clin, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Denno, DM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000151031.47761.6d PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 898WH UT WOS:000227106400009 PM 15702043 ER PT J AU Chokephaibulkit, K Uiprasertkul, M Puthavathana, P Chearskul, P Auewarakul, P Dowell, SF Vanprapar, N AF Chokephaibulkit, K Uiprasertkul, M Puthavathana, P Chearskul, P Auewarakul, P Dowell, SF Vanprapar, N TI A child with avian influenza A (H5N1) infection SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; influenza A (H5N1); Thailand; Asia ID OSELTAMIVIR TREATMENT; HONG-KONG; VIRUS; DISEASE AB Human infections with avian influenza viruses can be severe and may be harbingers of the evolution of a pandemic strain. We present a patient in Thailand who was infected with influenza A (H5N1) virus. Prominent features included the progression from fever and dyspnea to the acute respiratory distress syndrome in a short period, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. Establishing the diagnosis for this patient increased public awareness of the virus and was soon followed by a halting of poultry-to-human transmission. On the basis of available data, any child with suspected avian influenza infection should be treated with oseltamivir. C1 Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Thai Minis Publ Hlth, Int Emerging Infect Program, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chokephaibulkit, K (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RI Auewarakul, Prasert /D-6015-2011; OI Auewarakul, Prasert/0000-0002-4745-4291 NR 20 TC 46 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 162 EP 166 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000151037.25237.1e PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 898WH UT WOS:000227106400012 PM 15702046 ER PT J AU Fischer, M Hilinski, J Stephens, DS AF Fischer, M Hilinski, J Stephens, DS TI Adjuvant therapy for meningococcal sepsis SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE meningococcal sepsis ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C; SEPTIC SHOCK; CHILDREN; METAANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT; DISEASE; TRIAL C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fischer, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 177 EP 178 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000154437.79398.ed PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 898WH UT WOS:000227106400015 PM 15702049 ER PT J AU Staunton, C Davidson, S Kegler, S Dawson, L Powell, K Dellinger, A AF Staunton, C Davidson, S Kegler, S Dawson, L Powell, K Dellinger, A TI Critical gaps in child passenger safety practices, surveillance, and legislation: Georgia, 2001 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE motor vehicle safety; child safety seat; seating position; booster seats; surveillance; legislation ID SEATS AB Objective. Motor vehicle crashes remain the leading cause of death among US children 1 year of age and older. Although age-appropriate child passenger restraint use and back seating position are effective injury prevention strategies, many children 12 years of age and younger ride inappropriately restrained and seated in the front seat. In Georgia and in most states, surveillance of child passenger restraint use is less than optimal. Although child safety seat legislation is 1 of the most effective mechanisms for increasing correct restraint use and back seating position, Georgia's child occupant restraint law, like the laws in most states, falls short of practices recommended by government and child advocacy safety groups. The objective of this study was to document child passenger restraint use and seating position among children aged 0 to 12 years in Georgia and to use these study results to evaluate the efficacy of Georgia's child restraint surveillance and legislation. Methods. In May and June 2001, police roadblocks were used to collect information about child passenger age, restraint use, and seating position. Results. Data were collected on 1858 children who were riding in 1221 vehicles in 24 different Georgia counties. Results showed that 56% of children were inappropriately restrained and/or in the front seat. The most problematic age groups included infants who were in forward-facing child safety seats (28%) and/or in the front seat (22%); children who were 5 to 8 years of age in car seat belts alone (88%), rather than age- and size-appropriate child safety seats (6%); and children who were 9 to 12 years of age and riding in the front seat (39%). We compared our results with the existing Georgia passenger restraint surveillance system and found that it would have missed 77% of the children in our study who were inappropriately restrained and/or riding in the front seat. In a similar comparison, Georgia's restraint law did not cover over 74% of the children in our study who were riding at risk. Conclusion. The results of this study highlight 3 important areas for improving child passenger safety: targeted interventions to promote booster seat use and riding in the back seat, expanded child passenger restraint and seating position surveillance, and expanded legislation to mandate booster seat use and back seating position. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia State Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Staunton, C (reprint author), 622 11th Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. EM jaicat@earthlink.net NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2005 VL 115 IS 2 BP 372 EP 379 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0530 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 893NB UT WOS:000226725000036 PM 15687447 ER PT J AU McMahon, AW Iskander, J Haber, P Chang, SJ Woo, EJ Braun, MM Ball, R AF McMahon, AW Iskander, J Haber, P Chang, SJ Woo, EJ Braun, MM Ball, R TI Adverse events after inactivated influenza vaccination among children less than 2 years of age: Analysis of reports from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, 1990-2003 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; adverse events; infants ID TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; VIRUS-VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; SAFETY; ADULTS; IMMUNIZATION; SEIZURES; RISK AB Background. In April 2002, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices ( ACIP) encouraged providers to vaccinate healthy 6- to 23-month-old infants and children with trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV). Objectives. To describe adverse events (AEs) reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) after TIV vaccination among children <2 years of age and to compare reports before the ACIP guideline (January 1990 to June 2002) and after the ACIP guideline (July 2002 to June 2003). Methods. VAERS is a passive vaccine safety surveillance system begun by the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1990. We reviewed reports to VAERS for children <2 years of age who received TIV, alone or in combination with other vaccines. Influenza seasons were defined as the period from July 1 of one year to June 30 of the following year. Results. Between 1990 and 2003, VAERS received 166 TIV reports for children <2 years of age. There were 62 reports (37%) after administration of TIV alone and 104 reports (63%) after administration of TIV and &GE;1 other vaccine. Approximately one third of reports (N=61) were in the post-ACIP guideline period. The 4 most frequent AE coding terms were fever (N=59, 35%), unspecified or urticarial rash ( 42, 25%), seizure (28, 17%), and injection site reaction (28, 17%). The median number of days from vaccination to symptom onset, the percentage of reports that represented serious AEs, and the gender distribution were similar in the pre-ACIP guideline and post-ACIP guideline periods. The percentage of reports describing an underlying medical condition for the subject decreased from 58% before the ACIP guideline to 37% after the ACIP guideline. Nineteen of 28 seizure reports (68%) described fever with the seizure within 2 days after vaccination. Seizure was the most frequent coding term (N=10, 7 with fever) among 23 serious reports. The annual number of TIV-related VAERS reports for children <2 years of age increased in the post-ACIP guideline period, probably at least in part because of an increase in the number of vaccinees after the ACIP announcement. The safety profiles in the pre-ACIP guideline and post-ACIP guideline periods were similar. Conclusions. In October 2003, the ACIP recommended that all healthy children 6 to 23 months of age be vaccinated with TIV, starting in the 2004-2005 influenza season. This study provides generally reassuring, although limited, data regarding the safety of TIV among children in this age range. Continued surveillance for seizures and other clinically significant AEs is warranted and will continue. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McMahon, AW (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM mcmahon@cber.fda.gov NR 41 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2005 VL 115 IS 2 BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1519 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 893NB UT WOS:000226725000045 PM 15687455 ER PT J AU Mell, LK Ogren, DS Davis, RL Mullooly, JP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Zangwill, KM Ward, JI Marcy, SM Chen, RT AF Mell, LK Ogren, DS Davis, RL Mullooly, JP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Zangwill, KM Ward, JI Marcy, SM Chen, RT CA CTR Dis Control Prevention Vaccine TI Compliance with national immunization guidelines for children younger than 2 years, 1996-1999 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE compliance; immunization; guidelines; health maintenance organization ID CHILDHOOD VACCINE SAFETY; RECOMMENDATIONS; QUALITY; RATES; CARE; EXTRAIMMUNIZATION; KNOWLEDGE; COVERAGE; PRIVATE; IMPACT AB Objectives. To evaluate compliance with national immunization guidelines among a large cohort of children cared for at health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and to examine effects on immunization status. Methods. A cohort study of 176 134 children born between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 1997, and monitored from birth to the second birthday was performed. Subjects belonged to the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project, a study of children enrolled in 1 of 4 HMOs. Children were continuously enrolled in a HMO for the first 2 years of life. Prevailing recommendations regarding optimal ages of immunization and intervals between doses were applied to define appropriate immunization timing and immunization status. Noncompliance was defined as having a missing or late immunization or an immunization error. Immunization errors included invalid immunizations (too early to be acceptable), extra immunizations (superfluous immunizations or make-up immunizations for invalid immunizations), and missed opportunities resulting in late or missing immunizations. Results. Although 75.4% of children in these HMOs were up to date for all immunizations at 2 years, only 35.6% of children were fully compliant with recommended immunization practices. Less than 8% of children received all immunizations in accordance with strict interpretation of recommended guidelines. Fifty-one percent of children had at least 1 immunization error by age 2 years; 29.7% had a missed opportunity with subsequent late or missing immunization, 20.4% had an invalid immunization, and 11.6% had an extra immunization. Common reasons for noncompliance included missed opportunities for the fourth Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (14.6%), invalid fourth diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis/acellular pertussis immunizations (11.0%), and superfluous polio immunizations (9.8%). Conclusions. Approximately 35.6% of children were compliant with prevailing childhood immunization recommendations from 1996 to 1999. Efforts to improve compliance with guidelines are recommended, to optimize childhood infectious disease prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Panorama City, CA USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rad2@cdc.gov OI Mell, Loren/0000-0003-2277-6080 NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2005 VL 115 IS 2 BP 461 EP 467 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1891 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 893NB UT WOS:000226725000046 PM 15687456 ER PT J AU Welsh, JA Cogswell, ME Rogers, S Rockett, H Mei, ZG Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Welsh, JA Cogswell, ME Rogers, S Rockett, H Mei, ZG Grummer-Strawn, LM TI Overweight among low-income preschool children associated with the consumption of sweet drinks: Missouri, 1999-2002 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE child nutrition; children's growth; obesity; weight control; fruit juice; beverages; diet ID BODY-MASS INDEX; FRUIT JUICE CONSUMPTION; DIETARY FIBER; FOOD-INTAKE; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; ENERGY-INTAKE; WEIGHT REGULATION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; BLOOD-PRESSURE; AGED CHILDREN AB Objective. To examine the association between sweet drink consumption and overweight among preschool children. Methods. A retrospective cohort design was used to examine the association between sweet drink consumption and overweight at follow-up among 10 904 children who were aged 2 and 3 years and had height, weight, and Harvard Service Food Frequency Questionnaire data collected between January 1999 and December 2001 and height and weight data collected 1 year later. Sweet drinks included vitamin C - containing juices, other juices, fruit drinks, and sodas as listed on the Harvard Service Food Frequency Questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to adjust for age; gender; race/ethnicity; birth weight; and intake of high-fat foods, sweet foods, and total calories. Results were stratified by baseline BMI. Results. Among children who were normal or underweight at baseline ( BMI < 85th percentile), the association between sweet drink consumption and development of overweight was positive but not statistically significant. Children who were at risk for overweight at baseline ( BMI 85th -< 95th percentile) and consumed 1 to < 2 drinks/day, 2 to < 3 drinks/day, and greater than or equal to3 drinks/day were, respectively, 2.0 ( 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3 - 3.2), 2.0 ( 95% CI: 1.2 - 3.2), and 1.8 ( 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.8) times as likely to become overweight as the referent (< 1 drink/ day). Children who were overweight at baseline ( BMI &GE; 95th percentile) and consumed 1 to < 2 drinks/day, 2 to < 3 drinks/day, and &GE; 3 drinks/day were, respectively, 2.1, 2.2, and 1.8 times as likely to remain overweight as the referent. Conclusions. Reducing sweet drink consumption might be 1 strategy to manage the weight of preschool children. Additional studies are needed to understand the mechanism by which such consumption contributes to overweight. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Div Community Hlth, Jefferson City, MO USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Welsh, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jwelsh1@cdc.gov NR 59 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2005 VL 115 IS 2 BP E223 EP E229 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1148 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 893NB UT WOS:000226725000015 PM 15687430 ER PT J AU McCaig, LF McNeil, MM AF McCaig, LF McNeil, MM TI Trends in prescribing for vulvovaginal candidiasis in the United States SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE vulvovaginal candidiasis; antifungal prescribing; physician office visits ID TORULOPSIS-GLABRATA VAGINITIS; FLUCONAZOLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ALBICANS; THERAPY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MEDICATION; DIAGNOSIS; SYMPTOMS; PATTERNS AB Purpose To describe trends in visits to office-based physicians in the United States by females 15-64 years of age for vulvovaginal candidiasis and related antifungal prescribing. Since January 1991, intravaginal antifungal medications have been available over-the-counter in the United States to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis. Methods Data from the 1985 through 2001 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (NAMCS) were examined. NAMCS is an annual national probability sample survey that collects data on the utilization of services provided by office-based physicians. Results The average annual visit rates for symptoms of vaginitis and a diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis decreased by 55 and 72%, respectively. The intravaginal antifungal prescribing rate for vulvovaginal candidiasis declined by 41%. No trend was found for total antifungal prescribing; however, during the late 1990s, fluconazole was prescribed at approximately one-third of visits with a diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Conclusion These data suggest an increased trend in self-diagnosis and use of over-the-counter intravaginal antifungal medications. The shift from prescribing intravaginal antifungal preparations to fluconazole raises concern about the possible development of azole drug resistance. Educational efforts are needed to counter potential misuse of these medications that may contribute to increased infection with innately azole resistant non-albicans Candida species and chronic infection. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ambulatory Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McCaig, LF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ambulatory Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3409,M-S P-08, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM lfml@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1002/pds.960 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 896IR UT WOS:000226928300006 PM 15386715 ER PT J AU Blake, SM Ledsky, RA Sawyer, RJ Goodenow, C Banspach, S Lohrmann, DK Hack, T AF Blake, SM Ledsky, RA Sawyer, RJ Goodenow, C Banspach, S Lohrmann, DK Hack, T TI Local school district adoption of state-recommended policies on HIV prevention education SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV; education; school health; diffusion; policy; schools; curriculum; health occupations; public health; sociology and social phenomena ID CONDOM AVAILABILITY PROGRAMS; SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIORS; HEALTH POLICIES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ADOLESCENTS; MASSACHUSETTS; INTERVENTIONS; SERVICES; YOUTH AB Background. This study evaluated the extent to which school districts in Massachusetts adopted HIV education policies consistent with state education agency recommendations, and whether adoption of state-recommended policy language was associated with other core components of school-based HIV prevention programs such as staff development, curriculum, and implementation characteristics. Methods. A census of health coordinators (n = 251) and high school HIV teachers (n = 174) in randomly selected schools in Massachusetts were surveyed. Chi-squares and analysis of variance (ANOVAs) were used to analyze data. Results. Most districts' policies fully incorporated state-recommended language for training HIV teachers (62%), providing HIV education within comprehensive sexuality education (62%), and providing skills-based instruction (57%). Districts adopting state-recommended policies were significantly more likely to have trained more HIV teachers (82% vs. 59% of teachers trained; P < 0.001), provided HIV education to a greater percentage of students (90% vs. 50% of students educated; P < 0.001), and adopted research-based curricula (44% vs. 27%; P < 0.01). High school teachers who received training and those using research-based curricula covered more HIV prevention topics and used more skills-based instructional methods than those who did not receive training or did not use research-based curricula (P < 0.01). Conclusions. Results suggest that strong, state-level HIV prevention education policy recommendations can help shape local school health policy and, when adopted locally, can positively influence the reach and quality of HIV education. (C) 2004 The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent & Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Hlth Syst Res Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC 20009 USA. Commonwealth Massachusetts, Dept Educ, Malden, MA 02148 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Appl Hlth Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Blake, SM (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent & Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Room 125E,Ross Hall,2300 I St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM smblake1@aol.com FU PHS HHS [200-96-0517] NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.05.028 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 878DQ UT WOS:000225627100016 PM 15533535 ER PT J AU Choi, BCK Corber, SJ McQueen, DV Bonita, R Zevallos, JC Douglas, KA Barcelo, A Gonzalez, M Robles, S Stachenko, S Hall, M Champagne, BM Lindner, MC de Salazar, LM Granero, R de Laurido, LES Lum, W Torres, RE Warren, CW Mokdad, AH AF Choi, BCK Corber, SJ McQueen, DV Bonita, R Zevallos, JC Douglas, KA Barcelo, A Gonzalez, M Robles, S Stachenko, S Hall, M Champagne, BM Lindner, MC de Salazar, LM Granero, R de Laurido, LES Lum, W Torres, RE Warren, CW Mokdad, AH TI Enhancing regional capacity in chronic disease surveillance in the Americas SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE chronic disease; surveillance; epidemiology; Americas ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE C1 Govt Canada, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Control, Ottawa, ON K1A 1B4, Canada. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Dis Prevent & Control, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Evidence Informat & Policy, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Dept Noncommunicable Dis & Hlth Promot, Programme Evaluat & Monitoring, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Amer Network Chron Dis Surveillance, Bogota, Colombia. InterAmer Heart Fdn, Dallas, TX USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Montevideo, Uruguay. Univ Valle, Publ Hlth Evaluat Ctr, Cali, Colombia. Minist Hlth & Social Dev, Barquisimeto, Venezuela. Univ Puerto Rico, Res Inst Global Hlth Promot & Hlth Educ, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Minist Hlth, Panama City, Panama. Minist Hlth, Lima, Peru. RP Choi, BCK (reprint author), Govt Canada, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Control, PL 6701A,120 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 1B4, Canada. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD FEB PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 130 EP 141 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 903WR UT WOS:000227456800010 PM 15826391 ER PT J AU Blaser, MJ AF Blaser, MJ TI An endangered species in the stomach SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article AB Just as scientists were learning the importance of Helicobacter pylori they discovered that the bacteria are losing their foothold in the human digestive tract. Whereas nearly all adults in the developing world still carry the organism, its prevalence is much lower in developed countries such as the USA. Epidemiologists believe that H. pylori has been disappearing from developed nations for the past 100 years thanks to improved hygiene, which blocks the transmission of the bacteria, and to the widespread use of antibiotics. As H. pylori hasretreated, the rates of peptic ulcers and stomach cancer have dropped. But atthe same time, diseases of the esophagus, including acid reflux disease and aparticularly deadly type of esophageal cancer, have increased dramatically, and a wide body of evidence indicates that the rise of these illnesses is also related to the disappearance of H. pylori. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Blaser, MJ (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. NR 3 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 11 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 292 IS 2 BP 38 EP + PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 888FZ UT WOS:000226360900026 PM 15715390 ER PT J AU Schillinger, JA Dunne, EF Chapin, JB Ellen, JM Gaydos, CA Willard, NJ Kent, CK Marrazzo, JM Klausner, JD Rietmeijer, CA Markowitz, LE AF Schillinger, JA Dunne, EF Chapin, JB Ellen, JM Gaydos, CA Willard, NJ Kent, CK Marrazzo, JM Klausner, JD Rietmeijer, CA Markowitz, LE TI Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among men screened in 4 US cities SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ADOLESCENT MALES; CHAIN-REACTION; URINE; ADULTS; FIELD AB Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection among men in clinical and nonclinical settings across the United States. Goal: The goal of this study was to obtain data to inform recommendations regarding male CT screening. Study: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of CT prevalence among adolescent and adult men in 4 U.S. cities (Baltimore, Denver, San Francisco, and Seattle). CT was detected using urine-based testing, and prevalence was calculated for first testing event. Results: Over 23,000 men were tested for CT over a 3 1/2-year period. The majority (96%) were asymptomatic. Overall, prevalence was 7% and varied significantly between cities (range: Seattle, 1%; Baltimore, 12%), by age (peak prevalence at age 20-24 years, 9%), and between venues where CT testing was offered. Conclusions: At 7%, the prevalence of CT is moderately high among men opportunistically tested in nonclinical and clinical settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. RP Markowitz, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jus8@cdc.gov; lem2@cdc.gov RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010; OI Marrazzo, Jeanne/0000-0002-9277-7364 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U30/CCU317876, U30/CCU817944, U30/CCU917900] NR 13 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 74 EP 77 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000149670.11953.ca PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 892ZQ UT WOS:000226688900001 PM 15668611 ER PT J AU Hogben, M McCree, DH Golden, MR AF Hogben, M McCree, DH Golden, MR TI Patient-delivered partner therapy for sexually transmitted diseases as practiced by US physicians SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; NOTIFICATION; INFECTION; STD AB Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate how many U.S. physicians practice patient-delivered partner therapy (PDPT), which is the practice of giving patients diagnosed with curable sexually transmitted infections medication to give to their sex partners. Study: The authors conducted a national survey of physicians in specialties that diagnose the majority of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. Results: A total of 3011 physicians diagnosed at least 1 case of either gonorrhea or chlamydial infection in the preceding year. For gonorrhea and chlamydial infection, 50% to 56% reported ever using PDPT; 11% to 14% reported usually or always doing so. Obstetricians and gynecologists and family practice physicians more often used PDPT than internists, pediatricians, and emergency department physicians. Clinicians who collected sex partner information, as well as those who saw more female and white patients, used PDPT most often. Conclusions: PDPT is widely but inconsistently used throughout the United States and is typically provided to a minority of persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Publ Hlth Serv King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhogben@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000151417.43230.18 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 892ZQ UT WOS:000226688900006 PM 15668616 ER PT J AU Metcalf, CA Malotte, CK Douglass, JM Paul, SM Dillon, BA Cross, H Brookes, LC Deaugustine, N Lindsey, CA Byers, RH Peterman, TA AF Metcalf, CA Malotte, CK Douglass, JM Paul, SM Dillon, BA Cross, H Brookes, LC Deaugustine, N Lindsey, CA Byers, RH Peterman, TA CA RESPECT-2 Study Grp TI Efficacy of a booster counseling session 6 months after HIV testing and counseling: A randomized, controlled trial - (RESPECT-2) SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; RISK BEHAVIORS; REDUCTION; PHYSICIAN; POPULATION; INTERVIEWS; WOMEN; AUDIO AB Background: HIV counseling prevents sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), with most of the benefit accumulating in the first 6 months. Study: The authors conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of a 20-minute additional (booster) counseling session 6 months after HIV counseling compared with no additional counseling for prevention of STDs (gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis). Participants were 15- to 39-year-old STD clinic patients in Denver, Long Beach, and Newark. Results: Booster counseling was completed by 1120 (67.8%) of 1653 assigned to receive it. An incident STD during the 6 to 12 months after initial counseling (and within the 6 months after scheduled booster counseling) was detected in 141 of 1653 (8.5%) participants in the booster counseling group and 144 of 1644 (8.8%) in the no-booster group (relative risk, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.22). Three months after booster counseling, sexual risk behaviors were reported less frequently by the booster group than the no-booster group. Conclusions: Booster counseling 6 months after HIV testing and counseling reduced reported sexual risk behavior but did not prevent STDs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Long Beach Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Long Beach, CA USA. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tpeterman@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000151420.92624.c0 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 892ZQ UT WOS:000226688900010 PM 15668620 ER PT J AU Metcalf, CA Douglass, JM Malotte, K Cross, H Dillon, BA Paul, SM Padilla, SM Brookes, LC Lindsey, CA Byers, RH Peterman, TA AF Metcalf, CA Douglass, JM Malotte, K Cross, H Dillon, BA Paul, SM Padilla, SM Brookes, LC Lindsey, CA Byers, RH Peterman, TA CA RESPECT-2 Study Grp TI Relative efficacy of prevention counseling with rapid and standard HIV testing: A randomized, controlled trial - (RESPECT-2) SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; STD/HIV PREVENTION; RISK-REDUCTION; INFECTION; CLINICS; RATES; INTERVIEWS; OUTCOMES AB Background: Two risk-reduction counseling sessions can prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); however, return rates for test results are low. Study: A randomized, controlled trial compared rapid HIV testing and counseling in 1 visit with standard HIV testing and counseling in 2 visits. Main outcomes were STDs (gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, syphilis, HIV) within 12 months. Participants were 15- to 39-year-old STD clinic patients in Denver, Long Beach, and Newark. STD screening and questionnaires were administered every 3 months. Results: Counseling was completed by 1632 of 1648 (99.0%) of the rapid-test group and 1144 of 1649 (69.4%) of the standard-test group. By 12 months, STD was acquired by 19.1% of the rapid group and 17.1% of the standard group (relative risk [RR], 1.11; confidence interval [CI], 0.96-1.29). STD incidence was higher in the rapid-test group than in the standard-test group among men (RR, 1.34; CI, 1.06-1.70), men who had sex with men (RR, 1.86; 95% CI, 0.92-3.76), and persons with no STDs at enrollment (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.99-1.48). Behavior was similar in both groups. Conclusions: Counseling with either test had similar effects on STD incidence. For some persons, counseling with standard testing may be more effective than counseling with rapid testing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tpeterman@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000151421.97004.c0 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 892ZQ UT WOS:000226688900011 PM 15668621 ER PT J AU Ebrahim, SH McKenna, MT Marks, JS AF Ebrahim, SH McKenna, MT Marks, JS TI Sexual behaviour: related adverse health burden in the United States SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; WOMEN AB As part of an analysis of the burden of disease and injury in the United States, we identified and quantified the incidence of adverse health events, deaths, and disability adjusted life years (DALY) attributed to sexual behaviour. In 1998, about 20 million such events (7532/100 000 people) and 29 782 such deaths (1.3% of all US deaths) occurred, contributing to 2 161 417 DALYs (6.2% of all US DALYs). The majority of incident health events (62%) and DALYs (57%) related to sexual behaviour were among females, and curable infections and their sequelae contributed to over half of these. Viral infections and their sequelae accounted for nearly all sexual behaviour related deaths - mostly HIV/AIDS. Sexual behaviour attributed DALYs in the United States are threefold higher than that in overall established market economies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD TB Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ebrahim, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD TB Prevent, CDC, Mail Stop E-46,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sebrahim@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1 BP 38 EP 40 DI 10.1136/sti.2003.008300 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 892HZ UT WOS:000226642500009 PM 15681721 ER PT J AU Howard, G Labarthe, DR Hu, JF Levine, DA Howard, VJ AF Howard, G Labarthe, DR Hu, JF Levine, DA Howard, VJ TI Regional differences in the increased stroke mortality of African Americans: The remarkable stroke burden of being a Southern African American SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th International Stroke Conference CY FEB 02-04, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Stroke Assoc C1 Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 427 EP 427 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 904UR UT WOS:000227523800048 ER PT J AU McNicol, K Cole, J Stern, B Wozniak, M Giles, W AF McNicol, K Cole, J Stern, B Wozniak, M Giles, W TI Risk factors for cervical artery dissection: The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th International Stroke Conference CY FEB 02-04, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Stroke Assoc C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 427 EP 427 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 904UR UT WOS:000227523800050 ER PT J AU Matheny, M Cole, J O'Connell, J Stine, OC Gallagher, M Mitchell, B Wang, J Stern, B Wozniak, M Kittner, S AF Matheny, M Cole, J O'Connell, J Stine, OC Gallagher, M Mitchell, B Wang, J Stern, B Wozniak, M Kittner, S TI Five-lipoxygenase activating protein polymorphisms and risk of cerebral infarction in a biracial population: The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th International Stroke Conference CY FEB 02-04, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Stroke Assoc C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 457 EP 457 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 904UR UT WOS:000227523800200 ER PT J AU Song, Q Cole, J O'Connell, J Stine, C Gallagher, M Giles, W Gibbons, G Mitchell, B Wang, J Kittner, S AF Song, Q Cole, J O'Connell, J Stine, C Gallagher, M Giles, W Gibbons, G Mitchell, B Wang, J Kittner, S TI Phosphodiesterase 4D polymorphisms and risk of cerebral infarction in a biracial population: The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th International Stroke Conference CY FEB 02-04, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Stroke Assoc C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 457 EP 457 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 904UR UT WOS:000227523800199 ER PT J AU MacClellan, LR Braxton, MD Cole, JW Giles, WH Kittner, SJ AF MacClellan, LR Braxton, MD Cole, JW Giles, WH Kittner, SJ TI Familial aggregation of ischemic stroke in young women is increased at younger ages: The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th International Stroke Conference CY FEB 02-04, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Stroke Assoc C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 458 EP 458 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 904UR UT WOS:000227523800205 ER PT J AU Song, Q Cole, J O'Connell, J Stine, C Gallagher, M Giles, W Gibbons, G Mitchell, B Wang, J Kittner, S AF Song, Q Cole, J O'Connell, J Stine, C Gallagher, M Giles, W Gibbons, G Mitchell, B Wang, J Kittner, S TI Atrial natriuretic peptide polymorphisms and stroke risk in a biracial population: The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th International Stroke Conference CY FEB 02-04, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Stroke Assoc C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 458 EP 458 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 904UR UT WOS:000227523800204 ER PT J AU Lackland, DT Abell, J Lipsitz, S Liao, YL McGee, D AF Lackland, DT Abell, J Lipsitz, S Liao, YL McGee, D TI Increased stroke risk for white and black men and women with blood pressure at prehypertension and hypertension levels SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th International Stroke Conference CY FEB 02-04, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Stroke Assoc C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 461 EP 462 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 904UR UT WOS:000227523800221 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS Illoh, K Mensah, GA Zheng, ZJ AF Yoon, SS Illoh, K Mensah, GA Zheng, ZJ TI The effectiveness of lipid-lowering drugs on stroke, recurrent MI, and mortality after the acute coronary syndrome: A meta-analysis SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th International Stroke Conference CY FEB 02-04, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Stroke Assoc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 492 EP 492 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 904UR UT WOS:000227523800375 ER PT J AU McGowan, J Pirtle, C Giles, WH Cole, J Wozniak, M Stem, B Kittner, S AF McGowan, J Pirtle, C Giles, WH Cole, J Wozniak, M Stem, B Kittner, S TI Type of migraine aura symptoms determines association with ischemic stroke: The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th International Stroke Conference CY FEB 02-04, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Stroke Assoc C1 Morehouse Coll, Atlanta, GA USA. Spelman Coll, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 500 EP 500 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 904UR UT WOS:000227523800415 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB Guilmette, RA Day, GA Hoover, MD Breysse, PN Scripsick, RC AF Stefaniak, AB Guilmette, RA Day, GA Hoover, MD Breysse, PN Scripsick, RC TI Characterization of phagolysosomal simulant fluid for study of beryllium aerosol particle dissolution SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE alveolar macrophage phagolysosome; dissolution; simulant; chronic beryllium disease ID RABBIT ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; COBALT OXIDE PARTICLES; IN-VITRO DISSOLUTION; INVITRO DISSOLUTION; PH; METAL; CANINE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; SOLUBILITY; DISEASE AB A simulant of phagolysosomal fluid is needed for beryllium particle dissolution research because intraphagolysosomal dissolution is believed to be a necessary step in the cellular immune response associated with development of chronic beryllium disease. Thus, we refined and characterized a potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) buffered solution with pH 4.55, termed phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF), for use in a static dissolution technique. To characterize the simulant, beryllium dissolution in PSF was compared to dissolution in the J774A.1 murine cell line. The effects of ionic composition, buffer strength, and the presence of the antifungal agent alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (ABDC) on beryllium dissolution in PSF were evaluated. Beryllium dissolution in PSF was not different from dissolution in the J774A.1 murine cell line (p = 0.78) or from dissolution in another simulant having the same pH but different ionic composition (p = 0.73). A buffer concentration of 0.01-M KHP did not appear adequate to maintain pH under all conditions. There was no difference between dissolution in PSF with 0.01-M KHP and 0.02-M KHP (p = 0.12). At 0.04-M KHP, beryllium dissolution was increased relative to 0.02-M KHP (p = 0.02). Use of a 0.02-M KHP buffer concentration in the standard formulation for PSF provided stability in pH without alteration of the dissolution rate. The presence of ABDC did not influence beryllium dissolution in PSF (P = 0.35). PSF appears to be a useful and appropriate model of in vitro beryllium dissolution when using a static dissolution technique. In addition, the critical approach used to evaluate and adjust the composition of PSF may serve as a framework for characterizing PSF to study dissolution of other metal and oxide particles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Saftey & Radiat Protect Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stefaniak, AB (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM astefaniak@cdc.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012; Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07141]; NIOSH CDC HHS [1R03 OH007447-01] NR 40 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2004.08.001 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 895UE UT WOS:000226888400014 PM 15582363 ER PT J AU Ungchusak, K Auewarakul, P Dowell, SF Kitphati, R Auwanit, W Puthavathana, P Uiprasertkul, M Boonnak, K Pittayawonganon, C Cox, NJ Zaki, SR Thawatsupha, P Chittaganpitch, M Khontong, R Simmerman, JM Chunsutthiwat, S AF Ungchusak, K Auewarakul, P Dowell, SF Kitphati, R Auwanit, W Puthavathana, P Uiprasertkul, M Boonnak, K Pittayawonganon, C Cox, NJ Zaki, SR Thawatsupha, P Chittaganpitch, M Khontong, R Simmerman, JM Chunsutthiwat, S TI Probable person-to-person transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1) SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HONG-KONG; VIRUS; ORIGIN; HEMAGGLUTININ; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; SUBTYPES; DISEASE; DUCKS; RISK AB BACKGROUND: During 2004, a highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus caused poultry disease in eight Asian countries and infected at least 44 persons, killing 32; most of these persons had had close contact with poultry. No evidence of efficient person-to-person transmission has yet been reported. We investigated possible person-to-person transmission in a family cluster of the disease in Thailand. METHODS: For each of the three involved patients, we reviewed the circumstances and timing of exposures to poultry and to other ill persons. Field teams isolated and treated the surviving patient, instituted active surveillance for disease and prophylaxis among exposed contacts, and culled the remaining poultry surrounding the affected village. Specimens from family members were tested by viral culture, microneutralization serologic analysis, immunohistochemical assay, reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, and genetic sequencing. RESULTS: The index patient became ill three to four days after her last exposure to dying household chickens. Her mother came from a distant city to care for her in the hospital, had no recognized exposure to poultry, and died from pneumonia after providing 16 to 18 hours of unprotected nursing care. The aunt also provided unprotected nursing care; she had fever five days after the mother first had fever, followed by pneumonia seven days later. Autopsy tissue from the mother and nasopharyngeal and throat swabs from the aunt were positive for influenza A (H5N1) by RT-PCR. No additional chains of transmission were identified, and sequencing of the viral genes identified no change in the receptor-binding site of hemagglutinin or other key features of the virus. The sequences of all eight viral gene segments clustered closely with other H5N1 sequences from recent avian isolates in Thailand. CONCLUSIONS: Disease in the mother and aunt probably resulted from person-to-person transmission of this lethal avian influenzavirus during unprotected exposure to the critically ill index patient. C1 Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Dept Dis Control, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Med Sci, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Kamphang Phet Hosp, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ungchusak, K (reprint author), Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Dept Dis Control, Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM kum@health.moph.go.th RI Auewarakul, Prasert /D-6015-2011; OI Auewarakul, Prasert/0000-0002-4745-4291 NR 25 TC 543 Z9 611 U1 6 U2 61 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 27 PY 2005 VL 352 IS 4 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa044021 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 890UH UT WOS:000226535900005 PM 15668219 ER PT J AU Rooney, J McCombs, K Pavlin, B AF Rooney, J McCombs, K Pavlin, B CA CDC TI Two cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome - Randolph County, West Virginia, July 2004 (Reprinted from vol 53, pg 1086-1089, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES C1 Randolph Cty Dept Hlth, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, New River Hlth Dist, Richmond, VA USA. W Virginia Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Charleston, WV USA. RP Rooney, J (reprint author), Randolph Cty Dept Hlth, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 26 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 4 BP 416 EP 418 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 890DW UT WOS:000226492900007 ER PT J AU Struttmann, TW AF Struttmann, TW CA CDC TI Fatal and nonfatal occupational injuries involving wood chippers - United States, 1992-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1130-1131, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NIOSH, Div Safety Res, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Struttmann, TW (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Safety Res, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 26 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 4 BP 418 EP 419 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 890DW UT WOS:000226492900008 ER PT J AU McVeigh, K Mostashari, F Thorpe, LE AF McVeigh, K Mostashari, F Thorpe, LE CA CDC TI Serious psychological distress among persons with diabetes - New York City, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1089-1092, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McVeigh, K (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 26 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 4 BP 419 EP 420 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 890DW UT WOS:000226492900009 ER PT J AU Kato, K Silva, MJ Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Kato, K Silva, MJ Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Determination of total phthalates in urine by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE phthalic acid; acid hydrolysis; phthalates; total exposure; body burden ID SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; MALE-RAT; METABOLITES; POPULATION; DEHP; MALFORMATIONS; PARAMETERS; CHILDREN; DINP AB Diesters, of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid are a family of industrial compounds called "phthalates". The physical and chemical properties of these diesters, and therefore their potential uses, depend on the structure of the dialkyl or alkyl/aryl side chain. The urinary concentrations of phthalate monoesters, which are metabolites, have been used as biomarkers of human exposure to specific phthalates. However, several phthalates, particularly those with side chains of eight or more carbon atoms, are complex mixtures of isomers. For these, the phthalate metabolites to be used as biomarkers of exposure have not been unequivocally identified. We developed a method for assessing total exposure to phthalates, including the isomeric mixtures of high molecular weight phthalates, by measuring the concentration of phthalic acid (PA) in human urine after acid hydrolysis of the phthalate metabolites to PA. The present method accurately assesses total exposure to phthalates without noticeable contamination from the ubiquitous phthalates in the environment, but it gives no information about the parent phthalate. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 28 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JAN 25 PY 2005 VL 814 IS 2 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.10.056 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 889JD UT WOS:000226438400020 PM 15639459 ER PT J AU Leimane, V Riekstina, V Holtz, TH Zarovska, E Skripconoka, V Thorpe, LE Laserson, KF Wells, CD AF Leimane, V Riekstina, V Holtz, TH Zarovska, E Skripconoka, V Thorpe, LE Laserson, KF Wells, CD TI Clinical outcome of individualised treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Latvia: a retrospective cohort study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID DOTS-PLUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MDR-TB; CHEMOTHERAPY; EXPERIENCE; RIFAMPIN; THERAPY; PERU AB Background Latvia has one of the highest rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB). Our aim was to assess treatment outcomes for the first full cohort of MDRTB patients treated under Latvia's DOTS-Plus strategy following WHO guidelines. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all civilian patients who began treatment with individualised treatment regimens for pulmonary MDRTB in Latvia between Jan 1, and Dec 31, 2000. We applied treatment outcome definitions for MDRTB, developed by an international. expert consensus group, and assessed treatment effectiveness and risk factors associated with poor outcome. Findings Of the 204 patients assessed, 55 (27%) had been newly diagnosed with MDRTB, and 149 (73%) had earlier been treated with first-line or second-line drugs for this disease. Assessment of treatment outcomes showed that 135 (66%) patients were cured or completed therapy, 14 (7%) died, 26 (13%) defaulted, and treatment failed in 29 (14%). Of the 178 adherent patients, 135 (76%) achieved cure or treatment completion. In a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model of these patients, independent predictors of poor outcome (death and treatment failure) included having previously received treatment for MDRTB (hazard ratio 5.7, 95% CI 1.9-16.6), the use of five or fewer drugs for 3 months or more (3.2, 1.1-9.6), resistance to ofloxacin (2.6, 1.2-5.4), and body-mass index less than 18.5 at start of treatment (2.3, 1.1-4.9). Interpretation The DOTS-Plus strategy of identifying and treating patients with MDRTB can be effectively implemented on a nationwide scale in a setting of limited resources. C1 State Ctr TB & Lung Dis, Riga, Latvia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Leimane, V (reprint author), Latvia State Ctr TB & Lung Dis, PO Cekule, Stopinup, Riga Region, Latvia. EM vaira@tuberculosis.lv NR 36 TC 175 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 7 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 22 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9456 BP 318 EP 326 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 889NL UT WOS:000226449600035 PM 15664227 ER PT J AU Bergeron, E Vincent, MJ Wickham, L Hamelin, J Basak, A Nichol, ST Chretien, M Seidah, NG AF Bergeron, E Vincent, MJ Wickham, L Hamelin, J Basak, A Nichol, ST Chretien, M Seidah, NG TI Implication of proprotein convertases in the processing and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE SARS-CoV; proprotein convertases; furin; inhibitor; viral infection; viral spread; biosynthesis; spike glycoprotein processing ID VIRUS FUSION PROTEIN; SARS CORONAVIRUS; SPIKE PROTEIN; VIRAL ENTRY; CLEAVAGE; GLYCOPROTEIN; FURIN; ACTIVATION; SURFACE; CELLS AB Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is the etiological agent of SARS. Analysis of SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein (S) using recombinant plasmid and virus infections demonstrated that the S-precursor (pros) exists as a similar to190 kDa endoplasmic reticulum form and a similar to210 kDa Golgi-modified form. ProS is subsequently processed into two C-terminal proteins of similar to110 and similar to80 kDa. The membrane-bound proprotein convertases (PCs) furin, PC7 or PC5B enhanced the production of the similar to80 kDa protein. In agreement, pros processing, cytopathic effects, and viral titers were enhanced in recombinant Vero E6 cells overexpressing furin, PC7 or PC5B. The convertase inhibitor dec-RVKR-cmk significantly reduced pros cleavage and viral titers of SARS-CoV infected cells. In addition, inhibition of processing by dec-RVKR-cmk completely abrogated the virus-induced cellular cytopathicity. A fluorogenically quenched synthetic peptide encompassing Arg(761) of the spike glycoprotein was efficiently cleaved by furin and the cleavage was inhibited by EDTA and dec-RVKR-cmk. Taken together, our data indicate that furin or PC-mediated processing plays a critical role in SARS-CoV spread and cytopathicity, and inhibitors of the PCs represent potential therapeutic anti-SARS-CoV agents. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Clin Res Inst Montreal, Biochem Neuroendocrinol Lab, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, Reg Prot Chem Ctr, Dis Aging Unit, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. RP Seidah, NG (reprint author), Clin Res Inst Montreal, Biochem Neuroendocrinol Lab, 110 Pine Ave W, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada. EM seidahn@ircm.qc.ca RI Seidah, Nabil/I-3596-2013 OI Seidah, Nabil/0000-0001-6503-9342 NR 38 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JAN 21 PY 2005 VL 326 IS 3 BP 554 EP 563 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.063 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 885FT UT WOS:000226143200006 PM 15596135 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, U Patel, R AF Paulozzi, U Patel, R CA CDC TI Trends in motorcycle fatalities associated with alcohol impaired driving - United States, 1983-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1103-1106) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Paulozzi, U (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 19 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 3 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 888FA UT WOS:000226358400009 ER PT J AU McMahan, D Robertson, L Koch, MB Lapsley, A Teclaw, R Britton, P Massey, J Mosher, L Gonzalez, I Ijaz, K Tuckey, D Cruise, P Palumbo, G Felix, D Heirendt, W Cropper, T AF McMahan, D Robertson, L Koch, MB Lapsley, A Teclaw, R Britton, P Massey, J Mosher, L Gonzalez, I Ijaz, K Tuckey, D Cruise, P Palumbo, G Felix, D Heirendt, W Cropper, T CA CDC TI Brief report: Tuberculosis outbreak in a low-incidence state - Indiana, 2001-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1134-1135, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Allen Cty Dept Hlth, Ft Wayne, IN 46802 USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Labs, Lansing, MI USA. CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McMahan, D (reprint author), Allen Cty Dept Hlth, Ft Wayne, IN 46802 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 19 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 3 BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 888FA UT WOS:000226358400011 ER PT J AU Mokdad, AH Marks, JS Stroup, DF Gerberding, JL AF Mokdad, AH Marks, JS Stroup, DF Gerberding, JL TI Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000 (vol 291, pg 1238, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Correction ID OBESITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM amokdad@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 308 Z9 315 U1 1 U2 54 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 19 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 3 BP 293 EP 294 DI 10.1001/jama.293.3.293 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 888FA UT WOS:000226358400012 PM 15657315 ER PT J AU Nadel, MR Shapiro, JA Klabunde, CN Seeff, LC Uhler, R Smith, RA Ransohoff, DF AF Nadel, MR Shapiro, JA Klabunde, CN Seeff, LC Uhler, R Smith, RA Ransohoff, DF TI A national survey of primary care physicians' methods for screening for fecal occult blood SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CANCER-SOCIETY GUIDELINES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; CLINICAL GUIDELINES; SELF-REPORT; FOLLOW-UP; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY; UPDATE; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; RATIONALE AB Background: Screening with the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in randomized, controlled trials. Although the test is simple, implementation requires adherence to specific techniques of testing and follow-up of abnormal results. Objective: To examine how FOBT and follow-up are conducted in community practice across the United States. Design: Cross-sectional national surveys of primary care physicians and the public. Setting: The Survey of Colorectal Cancer Screening Practices in Health Care Organizations and the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Participants: 1147 primary care physicians who ordered or performed FOBT and 11 365 adults 50 years of age or older who responded to questions about FOBT use. Measurements: Self-reported data on details of FOBT implementation and follow-up of positive results. Results: Although screening guidelines recommend home tests, 32.5% (95% Cl, 29.8% to 35.3%) of physicians used only the less accurate method of single-sample in-office testing; another 41.2% (Cl, 38.3% to 44.0%) used both types of test. Follow-up of positive test results showed considerable nonadherence to guidelines, with 29.7% (Cl, 27.1% to 32.4%) of physicians recommending repeating FOBT. Furthermore, sigmoidoscopy, rather than total colon examination, was commonly recommended to work up abnormal findings. Nearly one third of adults who reported having FOBT said they had only an in-office test, and nearly one third of those who reported abnormal FOBT results reported no follow-up diagnostic procedures. Limitations: The study was based on self-reports. Data from the National Health Interview Survey may underestimate the prevalence of in-office testing and inadequate follow-up. Conclusions: mortality reductions demonstrated with FOBT in clinical trials may not be realized in community practice because of the common use of in-office tests and inappropriate follow-up of positive results. Education of providers and system-level interventions are needed to improve the quality of screening implementation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Nadel, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mrn1@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-PC-85169]; PHS HHS [99FED06571] NR 39 TC 129 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 18 PY 2005 VL 142 IS 2 BP 86 EP 94 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 915LQ UT WOS:000228306100002 PM 15657156 ER PT J AU Holguin, F Mannino, DM Anto, J Mott, J Ford, ES Teague, WG Redd, SC Romieu, I AF Holguin, F Mannino, DM Anto, J Mott, J Ford, ES Teague, WG Redd, SC Romieu, I TI Country of birth as a risk factor for asthma among Mexican Americans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE asthma; Mexican Americans; migration ID BODY-MASS INDEX; NHANES-III; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; SERUM IGE; US ADULTS; IMMIGRANTS; PREVALENCE; ALLERGY; HEALTH; AGE AB In the United States, among Hispanics, Mexican Americans have the lowest rate of asthma. However, this population includes Mexican Americans born in the United States and in Mexico, and risk factors that might impact the prevalence of asthma differ between these groups. To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for asthma among U.S.- and Mexican-born Mexican Americans, we analyzed data from two U.S. surveys that included 4,574 persons who self-reported their ethnicity as Mexican American from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1998-1994 and 12,980 persons who self-reported their ethnicity as Mexican American from National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 1997-2001. U.S.-born Mexican Americans were more likely than Mexican-born Mexican Americans to report ever having asthma in both the NHANES III (7% [SE 0.5] vs. 3% [SE 0.3], p < 0.001) and NHIS surveys (8.1% [0.4] vs. 2.5% [0.2], p < 0.001). In a multivariate regression model controlling for multiple demographic variables and health care, the risk for asthma was higher among U.S.-born Mexicans in NHANES III (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.4-3.3) and NHIS (odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.6-5.5). In conclusion, the prevalence of asthma was higher in U.S.-born than in Mexican-born Mexican Americans. This finding highlights the importance of environmental exposures in developing asthma in a migratory population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Municipal Inst Med Res, Barcelona, Spain. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Holguin, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fch5@cdc.gov RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; Anto, J/H-2676-2014; OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; Anto, J/0000-0002-4736-8529; Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 38 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 171 IS 2 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1164/rccm.200402-143OC PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 886UO UT WOS:000226258400004 PM 15516539 ER PT J AU Bilukha, OO Brennan, M AF Bilukha, OO Brennan, M TI Injuries and deaths caused by unexploded ordnance in Afganistan: review of surveillance data, 1997-2002 SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In 2000-2, Afghanistan had the highest number of casualties due to landmines and unexploded ordnance in the world.(1) Increasing international awareness of the public health threat posed by landmines is the legacy of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. More attention must be paid to, the growing and equally deadly threat posed by unexploded ordnance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bilukha, OO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM obilukha@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 330 IS 7483 BP 127 EP 128 DI 10.1136/bmj.38337.361782.82 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 889PM UT WOS:000226454900019 PM 15640249 ER PT J AU Apisarnthanarak, A Erb, S Stephenson, I Katz, JM Chittaganpitch, M Sangkitporn, S Kitphati, R Thawatsupha, P Waicharoen, S Pinitchai, U Apisarnthanarak, P Fraser, VJ Mundy, LM AF Apisarnthanarak, A Erb, S Stephenson, I Katz, JM Chittaganpitch, M Sangkitporn, S Kitphati, R Thawatsupha, P Waicharoen, S Pinitchai, U Apisarnthanarak, P Fraser, VJ Mundy, LM TI Seroprevalence of anti-H5 antibody among Thai health care workers after exposure to avian influenza (H5N1) in a tertiary care center SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID A H5N1; HONG-KONG; VIRUS; INFECTION AB After the initial atypical presentation of a patient with avian influenza ( H5N1) infection, paired acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples obtained from 25 health care workers ( HCWs) who were exposed to the patient were compared with paired serum samples obtained from 24 HCWs who worked at different units in the same hospital and were not exposed to the patient. There was no serologic evidence of anti-H5 antibody reactivity or subclinical infection in either of the groups. C1 Thammasart Univ Hosp, Fac Med, Div Infect Dis, Pratumthani 12120, Thailand. Thammasart Univ Hosp, Fac Med, Intens Care Unit, Pratumthani 12120, Thailand. Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Med Sci, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Siriraj Hosp, Dept Radiol, Fac Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Apisarnthanarak, A (reprint author), Thammasart Univ Hosp, Fac Med, Div Infect Dis, Pratumthani 12120, Thailand. EM anapisarn@yahoo.com NR 9 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP E16 EP E18 DI 10.1086/427034 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JL UT WOS:000227492400037 PM 15655735 ER PT J AU Ding, YS Trommel, JS Yan, XZJ Ashley, D Watson, CH AF Ding, YS Trommel, JS Yan, XZJ Ashley, D Watson, CH TI Determination of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mainstream smoke from domestic cigarettes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOTAL PARTICULATE MATTER; TOBACCO-SMOKE; CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; NICOTINE; BENZOPYRENE; BENZO(A)PYRENE; CONDENSATE; AMINES; PHASE; TAR AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of environmental pollutants created primarily from incomplete combustion of various organic materials including tobacco. Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of various classes of compounds, including numerous PAHs, in both the mainstream and the sidestrearn smoke fractions. We measured the levels of 14 PAHs in mainstream smoke from unfiltered custom cigarettes made from individual tobacco types and 30 brands of domestic blended cigarettes using standardized smoking conditions, extraction from the Cambridge filter pads, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Differences in smoke PAHs from cigarettes with selected tobacco blends were identified and illustrate how blend composition contributes to the overall mainstream smoke PAH profile. The PAH levels varied among the different commercial cigarette brands, with the amount of total mainstream smoke PAHs ranging from 1 to 1.6 mug per cigarette. Under machine smoking conditions, the mainstream smoke from domestic cigarettes had individual PAHs ranging from benzo[k]fluoranthene at levels below 10 ng/cigarette to naphthalene at levels of around 500 ng/cigarette. Low delivery cigarettes smoked with blocked filter vent holes dramatically increased the mainstream smoke PAH deliveries with respect to their unblocked counterparts. Inhalation of PAHs and other harmful chemicals from cigarette smoke are unique as they represent a routine voluntary exposure to common environmental pollutants. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watson, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Div Sci Lab, 4470 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cwatson@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 101 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1021/es048690k PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889KG UT WOS:000226441300019 PM 15707046 ER PT J AU Otten, RA Adams, DR Kim, CN Jackson, E Pullium, JK Lee, K Grohskopf, LA Monsour, M Butera, S Folks, TM AF Otten, RA Adams, DR Kim, CN Jackson, E Pullium, JK Lee, K Grohskopf, LA Monsour, M Butera, S Folks, TM TI Multiple vaginal exposures to low doses of R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus: Strategy to study HIV preclinical interventions in nonhuman primates SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PIG-TAILED MACAQUES; RHESUS MACAQUES; INTRAVAGINAL INOCULATION; MUCOSAL TRANSMISSION; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; DUAL INFECTION; TYPE-1; MODEL; AIDS; PERSISTENT AB A nonhuman-primate model of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection that more closely emulates human heterosexual transmission by use of multiple exposures to low doses of virus is critical to better evaluate intervention strategies that include microbicides or vaccines. In this report, we describe such a system that uses female pig-tailed macaques exposed vaginally to a CCR5-using simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIVSF162P3) at weekly intervals. Results of dose-titration experiments indicated that 3 once-weekly exposures to 10 tissue culture infectious doses of SHIVSF162P3 resulted in consistent transmission of virus and establishment of systemic infection. The efficacy of cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) as a vaginal microbicide was evaluated by applying it to the vaginal vault of macaques (n = 4) 15 min before each weekly exposure to SHIVSF162P3. One conclusion that can be drawn from the data derived from multiple exposures to virus is that CAP prevented infection in 12 of 13 possible chances for infection, over the course of 39 total exposures. Our findings provide a basis to refine monkey models for transmission of HIV-1, which may be relevant to preclinical evaluation for therapeutic interventions. C1 CDC, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, DASTLR, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Stat & Data Management Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Anim Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Otten, RA (reprint author), CDC, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, DASTLR, NCHSTP, Mailstop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rxo1@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 2 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1086/426452 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 881SK UT WOS:000225889500004 PM 15609225 ER PT J AU Papania, MJ Strebel, PM AF Papania, MJ Strebel, PM TI Measles surveillance: the importance of finding the tip of the iceberg SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID REPORTING EFFICIENCY; LOS-ANGELES; CITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Rubella Mumps Eliminat Team, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Papania, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Rubella Mumps Eliminat Team, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mpapania@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 14 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9454 BP 100 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17715-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 885PZ UT WOS:000226170700004 PM 15639275 ER PT J AU Zohrabian, A AF Zohrabian, A TI The long-term effects and economic consequences of treatments for obesity: work in progress SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zohrabian, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Abz8@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 14 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9454 BP 104 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17718-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 885PZ UT WOS:000226170700007 PM 15639278 ER PT J AU Bloom, S Rguig, A Berraho, A Zniber, L Bouazzaoui, N Zaghloul, K Reef, S Zidouh, A Papania, M Seward, J AF Bloom, S Rguig, A Berraho, A Zniber, L Bouazzaoui, N Zaghloul, K Reef, S Zidouh, A Papania, M Seward, J TI Congenital rubella syndrome burden in Morocco: a rapid retrospective assessment SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SYNDROME CRS; CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES; DISEASE; SCHOOL; DEAF AB Background WHO recommends that countries considering introduction of rubella vaccine into their immunisation programme assess their burden of congenital rubella syndrome, to determine whether vaccination is warranted. However, few guidelines exist for such assessments in developing countries. We retrospectively estimated the burden of congenital rubella syndrome in Morocco, and assessed our methods of rapid case finding. Methods We undertook case finding in the two cities with Morocco's main tertiary care referral centres, using medical records from births between Jan 1, 1990, and May 31, 2002, disability records from 1965 to 1997, and retinal examinations from deaf students born between 1985 and 1994, applying the WHO definition for a clinically confirmed case of congenital rubella syndrome. We also reviewed disability data for evidence of epidemic periodicity and estimated yearly incidence of the syndrome from congenital cataract data for births between 1990 and 2001. Findings We identified 62 clinically confirmed cases of congenital rubella syndrome from medical records, 148 from disability records, and 15 in deaf students. We noted no epidemic periodicity in disability data, and estimated a yearly incidence of the syndrome in Morocco of 8.1-12.7 cases per 100 000 livebirths. Interpretation We show evidence of congenital rubella syndrome in Morocco and support the addition of rubella vaccination to the national programme. Various data sources can be explored to rapidly assess burden of the syndrome; ophthalmology departments and outpatient cardiology clinics could offer the most potential for such case finding, dependent on documentation practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Rabat, Morocco. Ibn Sina Univ Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Rabat, Morocco. Ctr Cardiol, Rabat, Morocco. Ibn Sina Univ Hosp, Childrens Hosp, Dept Neonatol, Rabat, Morocco. Ibn Rochd Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat Ophthalmol, Casablanca, Morocco. RP Bloom, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SBloom@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 14 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9454 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17703-4 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 885PZ UT WOS:000226170700028 PM 15639295 ER PT J AU Seipone, K Ntumy, R Smith, M Thuku, H Mazhani, L Creek, T Shaffer, N Kilmarx, PH AF Seipone, K Ntumy, R Smith, M Thuku, H Mazhani, L Creek, T Shaffer, N Kilmarx, PH CA CDC TI Introduction of routine HIV testing in prenatal care - Botswana, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1083-1086, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Botswana Minist Hlth, Family Hlth Div, Gaborone, Botswana. BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Francistown Dist Hlth Team, Francistown, Botswana. Nyangabgwe Hosp, Francistown, Botswana. CDC, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Seipone, K (reprint author), Botswana Minist Hlth, Family Hlth Div, Gaborone, Botswana. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 12 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 2 BP 152 EP 153 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 885QC UT WOS:000226171000009 ER PT J AU Adler, GS Winston, CA AF Adler, GS Winston, CA CA CDC TI Influenza vaccination and self-reported reasons for not receiving influenza vaccination among Medicare beneficiaries aged >= 65 years - United States, 1991-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1012-1015, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Res Dev & Informat, Ctr Medicare Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Res Dev & Informat, Ctr Medicaid Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Adler, GS (reprint author), CDC, Off Res Dev & Informat, Ctr Medicare Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 12 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 2 BP 153 EP 155 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 885QC UT WOS:000226171000010 ER PT J AU Teates, K Brammer, L Balish, A Wallis, T Hall, H Klimov, A Fukuda, K Cox, N Katz, M AF Teates, K Brammer, L Balish, A Wallis, T Hall, H Klimov, A Fukuda, K Cox, N Katz, M CA WHO Collaborating Ctr Surveilance CDC TI Update: Influenza activity - United States and worldwide, May-October 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 993-996, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Contro, Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Teates, K (reprint author), WHO, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Contro, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 12 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 2 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 885QC UT WOS:000226171000011 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI Neuzil, KA Griffin, MR Fukuda, K AF Meltzer, MI Neuzil, KA Griffin, MR Fukuda, K TI An economic analysis of annual influenza vaccination of children SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccination; economics; children; high risk ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PRIMARY-CARE PRACTICES; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SCHOOLCHILDREN; EFFICACY; ILLNESS; VISITS; INFECTION AB We used a Monte Carlo mathematical model to calculate the net economic returns (cost-benefit analysis) from annually vaccinating children against influenza. The model included cohorts of 1000 children in three different age groups (6-23 months, 6-59 months, and 5-14 years), with different proportions of children with high risk conditions (100, 10, and 0%). Vaccinating cohorts of 100% high risk children in all three age groups produced median net savings, regardless of cost of vaccination examined (US$ 30-60/dose administered). Median threshold vaccination costs for cohorts containing 10% high risk children were US$ 48, 46, and 45 per dose administered for age groups 6-23 months, 6-59 months, and 5-14 years, respectively (US$/dose administered below these thresholds generate net savings). For all cohorts, for the range of cost per dose administered examined, the 5th percentiles were net costs. The probability of death, though rare, was the most influential distribution in the model. The number of high-risk children that receive influenza vaccine should be maximized to achieve improved health outcomes as well as cost savings. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 CDC, NCID, OD, OS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), CDC, NCID, OD, OS, Mailstop D-59,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM qzm4@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 11 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1004 EP 1014 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.07.040 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 890XT UT WOS:000226545400005 PM 15620473 ER PT J AU Shenson, D DiMartino, D Bolen, J Campbell, M Lu, PJ Singleton, JA AF Shenson, D DiMartino, D Bolen, J Campbell, M Lu, PJ Singleton, JA TI Validation of self-reported pneumococcal vaccination in behavioral risk factor surveillance surveys: experience from the sickness prevention achieved through regional collaboration (SPARC) program SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE validity; vaccination; self-report; pneumococcal infection ID ELDERLY OUTPATIENTS; INFLUENZA; SAFETY AB Behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) is the primary surveillance tool for the ongoing measurement of state-specific delivery of pneumnococcal polysaccharide vaccine. This study is the first validity assessment of self-reported pneumococcal vaccination status in a population-wide BRFSS survey. A subset of respondents to the sickness prevention achieved through regional collaboration (SPARC) BRFSS survey, which was conducted from June to September 1997 in a four-county area were assessed. Self-reporting of pneumococcal vaccination status was validated either by matching to Medicare claims or by reviewing of medical records. Self-reporting of pneumococcal vaccination had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 83%. We conclude that self-reporting of pneumococcal immunization is a moderately sensitive and specific measure and that population-based surveys in the community can be validated when undertaken in collaboration with a local health care agency. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sickness Prevent Achieved Through Reg Collaborat, Lakeville, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Shenson, D (reprint author), 76 Prince St, Newton, MA 02465 USA. EM dshenson@earthlink.net NR 19 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 11 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1015 EP 1020 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.07.039 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 890XT UT WOS:000226545400006 PM 15620474 ER PT J AU Vong, S Fiore, AE Haight, DO Li, JF Borgsmiller, N Kuhnert, W Pinero, F Boaz, K Badsgard, T Mancini, C Nainan, OV Wiersma, S Bell, BP AF Vong, S Fiore, AE Haight, DO Li, JF Borgsmiller, N Kuhnert, W Pinero, F Boaz, K Badsgard, T Mancini, C Nainan, OV Wiersma, S Bell, BP TI Vaccination in the county jail as a strategy to reach high risk adults during a community-based hepatitis A outbreak among methamphetamine drug users SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A; methamphetamine; jail AB Illicit drug use (IDU) is an important risk factor for hepatitis A, but implementing vaccination programs among, drug users is difficult. During January 2001-July 2002, 403 hepatitis A cases were reported in Polk County, Florida; 48% were drug users and of these, 80% were recently in jail. To assess the county jail as a potential vaccination venue. we interviewed 280 inmates and conducted a serologic survey during July-August 2002. Of these, 227 (81%) reported a past IDU history. Previous RAW infection was found in 33%. In communities with illicit drug users at risk for hepatitis A and who are frequently jailed. vaccination programs in jails could be an important component of a community-based strategy to control hepatitis A outbreaks among illicit drug users. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Polk Cty Dept Hlth, Polk Cty, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Vong, S (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. EM svong@pasteur-kh.org NR 17 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 11 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1021 EP 1028 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.07.038 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 890XT UT WOS:000226545400007 PM 15620475 ER PT J AU Smith, RP Katz, CL Holmes, A Herbert, R Levin, S Moline, J Landsbergis, P Stevenson, L North, CS Larkin, GL Baron, S Hurrell, JJ AF Smith, RP Katz, CL Holmes, A Herbert, R Levin, S Moline, J Landsbergis, P Stevenson, L North, CS Larkin, GL Baron, S Hurrell, JJ TI Mental health status of World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers and volunteers - New York City, July 2002 August 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 812-815, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Disaster Psychiat Outreach, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Sch, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. CDC, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, RP (reprint author), Disaster Psychiat Outreach, New York, NY USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 5 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 1 BP 30 EP 31 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 884QY UT WOS:000226102100005 ER PT J AU B'Hymer, C Cheever, KL AF B'Hymer, C Cheever, KL TI Development of a headspace gas chromatographic test for the quantification of 1-and 2-bromopropane in human urine SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE 1-bromopropane; 2-bromopropane ID 1-BROMOPROPANE; METABOLISM; SOLVENTS; DISORDERS; EXPOSURE; RAT AB A test procedure was developed for the detection and quantification of 1- and 2-bromopropane in human urine. 1-Bromopropane (1-BP) is a commonly used industrial solvent, and 2-bromopropane (2-BP) is often found as an impurity component in industrial grade 1-BP. Both compounds are a health concern for exposed workers due to their chronic toxicity. Bromopropanes have been associated with neurological disorders in both animals and humans. Sample preparation consisted of diluting urine with water and fortification with 1-bromobutane (1-BB), which was used as an internal standard; then each sample was sealed in a headspace vial. A static-headspace sampler (Teledyne-Tekmar Model 7000) was used to heat each sample at 75 degreesC for a 35-min equilibrium time. Quantification was by means of a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD) and a dimethylpolysiloxane (DB-1) capillary column. A recovery study using fortified urine samples at multiple concentrations (0.5-8 mug/ml) demonstrated full recovery: 104-121%, recovery was obtained. Precision ranged from 5 to 17% for the 15-20 spiked samples used at each concentration, which were analyzed over multiple experimental trial days. The limit of detection (LOD) for this test procedure was approximately 2 ng/ml 1-BP and 7 ng/ml 2-BP in urine. A recovery study of 1- and 2-BP from fortified urine stored in vials appropriate for field collection was also completed. These results and other factors of the development and validation of this test procedure will be discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol,Taft Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP B'Hymer, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol,Taft Lab, 4676 Columbia Pky, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cbhymer@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JAN 5 PY 2005 VL 814 IS 1 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.10.045 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 886ZP UT WOS:000226272100024 PM 15607724 ER PT J AU Angell, SY Cetron, MS AF Angell, SY Cetron, MS TI Health disparities among travelers visiting friends and relatives abroad SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; EMERGING INFECTIONS; IMPORTED MALARIA; TUBERCULOSIS; CHILDREN; RISK; MEDICINE; COUNTRIES; MIGRANTS; SENTINEL AB For an estimated 10 million trips abroad by U.S. residents in 2002, "visiting friends and relatives" (VFR) was a purpose for travel. Made up largely of foreign-born U.S. residents and their children, this population shows disparities in the number of reported cases of many preventable travel-related illnesses compared with people who travel for other purposes, such as tourism. High-risk illnesses in VFR travelers include childhood vaccine-preventable illnesses, hepatitis A and B, tuberculosis, malaria, and typhoid fever. Gaps in the prevalence of disease and access to care both between countries and within the United States uniquely influence disease risk in this population of travelers. We describe this population, a framework for understanding travel-related health disparities, and recommendations for improving the effective delivery of preventive travel-related care to VFR travelers. In addition to transnational efforts to control and eradicate disease, preventing illness in U.S. resident VFR travelers requires focused efforts to remove barriers to their care. In the United States, barriers exist at the systems level (for example, low insurance coverage), patient level (for example, misperception of disease risk), and provider level (for example, inadequate knowledge of travel medicine). C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hygiene, New York, NY 10007 USA. Robert Wood Johnson Clin Scholars Program, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Angell, SY (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hygiene, 2 Lafayette St,CN-46, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM sangell@health.nyc.gov NR 38 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 4 PY 2005 VL 142 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 916DS UT WOS:000228366200007 PM 15630110 ER PT J AU Coleman, MS Fontanesi, J Meltzer, MI Shefer, A Fishbein, DB Bennett, NM Stryker, D AF Coleman, MS Fontanesi, J Meltzer, MI Shefer, A Fishbein, DB Bennett, NM Stryker, D TI Estimating medical practice expenses from administering adult influenza vaccinations SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE adult influenza vaccination; economic evaluation; vaccination costs ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTHY WORKING ADULTS; IMMUNIZATION RATES; COST-BENEFIT; INFORMATION; IMPACT AB Potential business losses incurred vaccinating adults against influenza have not been defined because of a lack of estimates for medical practice costs incurred delivering vaccines. We collected data on vaccination labor time and other associated expenses. We modeled estimates of per-vaccination medical practice business costs associated with delivering adult influenza vaccine in different sized practices. Per-shot costs ranged from US$ 13.87 to US$ 46.27 (2001 dollars). When compared with average Medicare payments of US$ 11.7 1, per-shot losses ranged from US$ 2.16 to US$ 34.56. More research is needed to determine less expensive delivery settings and/or whether third-party payers need to make higher payments for adult vaccinations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, HSREB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Surveillance, Off Director, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Infect Dis & Internal Med Associates, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Coleman, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, HSREB, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zby5@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 4 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 7 BP 915 EP 923 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.07.028 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 887SS UT WOS:000226326400010 PM 15603893 ER PT J AU Bobanga, L Hawley, W Wolkom, A Beach, R Tshefu, A Mulumba, P Gikapa, J Muamba, R AF Bobanga, L. Hawley, W. Wolkom, A. Beach, R. Tshefu, A. Mulumba, P. Gikapa, J. Muamba, R. TI ITN programms evaluation in RDC [MIM-TB-79424] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Sante Rurale, Kiinshasa, Congo. Basics, Kinshasa, Congo. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S125 EP S126 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600191 ER PT J AU Breman, J Rosen, J Manclark, C Meade, B Collins, W Lobel, H Saliou, P Robert, J Campaore, P Miller, M AF Breman, J. Rosen, J. Manclark, C. Meade, B. Collins, W. Lobel, H. Saliou, P. Robert, J. Campaore, P. Miller, M. TI Malaria chemoprophylaxis and the serologic response to measles and diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis vaccines [MIM-JB-140947] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Div Bacterial Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Aventis Pasteur, Paris, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S233 EP S234 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600371 ER PT J AU Gimnig, J Lindblade, K Dotson, E Bayoh, N Mount, D Smith, S Vidide, J Hawley, W AF Gimnig, J. Lindblade, K. Dotson, E. Bayoh, N. Mount, D. Smith, S. Vidide, J. Hawley, W. TI Field and laboratory evaluation of long-lasting insecticide treated nets [MIM-JG-1.9180] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S492 EP S492 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600794 ER PT J AU Goodman, C Kachur, S Abdulla, S Bloland, P Mills, A AF Goodman, C. Kachur, S. Abdulla, S. Bloland, P. Mills, A. TI An economic analysis of the retail market for fever/malaria treatment in rural Tanzania: Implications for implementing combination therapy [MIM-CG-25145] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S401 EP S402 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600647 ER PT J AU Haaland, A Kachur, P Kombe, F Yaa, F Barongo, V Duparc, S Marsh, V AF Haaland, A. Kachur, P. Kombe, F. Yaa, F. Barongo, V. Duparc, S. Marsh, V. TI Visual instructions promote malaria treatment [MIM-AH-24695] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Haaland Commun, Fjellstrand, Norway. KEMRI CGMRC, Kilifi, Kenya. Natl Inst Med Res, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S241 EP S241 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600383 ER PT J AU Kachur, S Schulden, J Elling, B Goodman, C Khatib, R Causer, L Mkikima, S Abdulla, S Bloland, P AF Kachur, S. Schulden, J. Elling, B. Goodman, C. Khatib, R. Causer, L. Mkikima, S. Abdulla, S. Bloland, P. TI Prevalence of malaria parasitemia among clients obtaining treatment for fever or malaria at drug stores in rural Tanzania, 2004 [MIM-SK-110123] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC IHRDC Malaria Programme Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam WC1, Tanzania. Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Rufiji Dist Council Hlth Management Team, Utete, Tanzania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 SU S BP S100 EP S101 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600154 ER PT J AU Khatib, R Kachur, S Hailemeskal, M Elling, B Ali, A Mvageni, E Nyjau, J Bloland, P Abdulla, S AF Khatib, R. Kachur, S. Hailemeskal, M. Elling, B. Ali, A. Mvageni, E. Nyjau, J. Bloland, P. Abdulla, S. TI Prompt and effective malaria treatment for febrile illness: A comparison between two autonomous health administrations in Tanzania [MIM-RK-16625] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. CDC IHRDC Malaria Programme Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Natl Malaria Control Programme, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Sokoine Univ Agr, Morogoro, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S245 EP S246 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600390 ER PT J AU Kilian, A Byamukama, W Pigeon, O Atieli, F Rubaale, T AF Kilian, A. Byamukama, W. Pigeon, O. Atieli, F. Rubaale, T. TI Field performance of the improved, second generation PermaNet (R), a polyester based long-lasting insecticidal mosquito net [MIM-AK-20898] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAID, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control, Kampala, Uganda. Kabarole Dist Hlth Serv, Ft Portal, Uganda. Agr Res Ctr, Gembloux, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. GTZ Basic Hlth Serv, Ft Portal, Uganda. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S493 EP S494 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600797 ER PT J AU Lima-junior, J Tran, T Vargas-serrato, E Farnon, E De-simone, S Santos, F Barnwell, J Galinski, M Oliveira-ferreira, J AF Lima-junior, J. Tran, T. Vargas-serrato, E. Farnon, E. De-simone, S. Santos, F. Barnwell, J. Galinski, M. Oliveira-ferreira, J. TI Cellular and humoral immune responses to P-vivax Merozoite surface protein 9 (PvMSP9) in naturally exposed individuals from Rondonia State-Brazil [MIM-JL-15963] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Immunol, BR-20001 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, BR-20001 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. FUNASA, Dept Entomol, Porto Velho, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli/E-7942-2014 OI Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli/0000-0002-6063-465X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S157 EP S157 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600244 ER PT J AU Metta, E Msechu, J Kachur, S Kimweri, A Abdulla, S Bloland, P AF Metta, E. Msechu, J. Kachur, S. Kimweri, A. Abdulla, S. Bloland, P. TI Assessment of community attitudes and perceptions toward sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and SP plus artesunate in rural Tanzania [MIM-EM-22589] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. CDC IHRDC Malaria Programme Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S250 EP S251 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600399 ER PT J AU Mrema, H Malisa, A Kachur, S Mshinda, H Abdulla, S AF Mrema, H. Malisa, A. Kachur, S. Mshinda, H. Abdulla, S. TI Molecular detection of DHFR and DHPS genes from sporozoite infected mosquitoes [MIM-HM-25296] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Morogoro, Tanzania. Sokoine Univ Agr, Morogoro, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S213 EP S213 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600336 ER PT J AU Mulokoz, A Macarthur, J Kachur, S Abdulla, S Juma, V Nathan, R Mshinda, H Bloland, P AF Mulokoz, A. Macarthur, J. Kachur, S. Abdulla, S. Juma, V. Nathan, R. Mshinda, H. Bloland, P. TI The burden of malaria in pregnancy in Ifakara, Tanzania-An area of high ITN coverage [MIM-AM-198838] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC IHRDC Malaria Programme Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S131 EP S131 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600201 ER PT J AU Munkondya, J Kachur, S Mkikima, S Kaizer, E Khatib, R Abdulla, S Bloland, P Mshinda, H AF Munkondya, J. Kachur, S. Mkikima, S. Kaizer, E. Khatib, R. Abdulla, S. Bloland, P. Mshinda, H. TI Routine delivery of antimalarial combination therapy with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) plus artesunate in rural Tanzania: Coverage and adherence [MIM-JM-179448] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. CDC, IHRDC Malaria Programme Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Rufiji Dist Council Hlth Management Team, Utete, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S79 EP S80 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600120 ER PT J AU Njau, J Goodman, C Kachur, S Palmer, N Munkondya, J Mchomvu, N Abdulla, S Bloland, P Mills, A AF Njau, J. Goodman, C. Kachur, S. Palmer, N. Munkondya, J. Mchomvu, N. Abdulla, S. Bloland, P. Mills, A. TI The economic and financial costs of introducing artemisinin-based combination therapy: Evidence from district-wide implementation in rural Tanzania [MIM-JN-2530] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S408 EP S409 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600659 ER PT J AU Simard, F Licht, M Lehmann, T AF Simard, F. Licht, M. Lehmann, T. TI Molecular evidence for selection acting on the Defensin gene in the Anopheles gambiae complex [MIM-FS-115040] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OCEAC IRD, Yaounde, Cameroon. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. RI SIMARD, Frederic/J-9489-2016 OI SIMARD, Frederic/0000-0002-2871-5329 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S107 EP S107 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600164 ER PT J AU Terlouw, D Eliades, M Wolkon, A Morgah, K Hightower, A Kuile, F Hawley, W AF Terlouw, D. Eliades, M. Wolkon, A. Morgah, K. Hightower, A. Kuile, F. Hawley, W. TI Program evaluation of the Togo Integrated National Child Health Campaign: Impact on malaria morbidity in young children at community-level [MIM-DT-473704] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Togo Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Program, Lome, Togo. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S221 EP S221 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600349 ER PT J AU Wolkon, A Frolov, A Eng, J Terlouw, D Eliades, M Hawley, W Hightower, A AF Wolkon, A. Frolov, A. Eng, J. Terlouw, D. Eliades, M. Hawley, W. Hightower, A. TI Use of Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) with Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in large-scale community household surveys [MIM-AH-47960] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S469 EP S469 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600757 ER PT J AU Guest, G McLellan-Lemal, E Matia, DM Pickard, R Fuchs, J McKirnan, D Neidig, JL AF Guest, G McLellan-Lemal, E Matia, DM Pickard, R Fuchs, J McKirnan, D Neidig, JL TI HIV vaccine efficacy trial participation: men who have sex with men's experiences of risk reduction counselling and perceptions of risk behaviour change SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION TRIALS; POPULATIONS; READINESS; NETWORK AB Qualitative interviews were conducted with 35 men who have sex with men, enrolled in the world's first phase III HIV vaccine efficacy trial at five US sites, regarding their risk reduction counselling experiences and their perceptions of its impact on risk behaviour. Respondents ranged in age from 20 to 58 years and were predominately white (71.4%) in racial/ethnic origin. Systematic qualitative analysis revealed that a positive counselling experience meant having good rapport with clinic staff. Differences in attitudes toward counselling were related to either a personal approach of balancing an enjoyable sex life with safe sex behaviours ( balancing risks) or accepting the consequences of risky sexual behaviour rather than making changes ( risk homeostasis). Respondents seeking to balance risks indicated that they saw themselves engaging in safer sexual behaviour almost twice as often as in riskier behaviours. They perceived counselling and behavioural risk assessments to help increase their awareness of personal risk-taking behaviours. Conversely, those with a risk homeostasis approach reported that they had established sexual boundaries prior to trial participation that had thus far proven to be effective in avoiding HIV infection, and that they were comfortable with the level of risk taken. Thus, risk reduction counselling had little to no influence on their sexual practices. Some of these men also indicated that while they had not found the risk reduction information imparted to them by clinic staff to be novel, counselling was beneficial in reinforcing their HIV/AIDS and safe sex knowledge base. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Fenway Community Hlth, Boston, MA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Howard Brown Hlth Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP McLellan-Lemal, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM egm4@cdc.gov RI McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor/J-9720-2012; OI McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor/0000-0002-1884-9315 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD JAN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1080/09540120412331305124 PG 12 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 880CA UT WOS:000225764800005 PM 15832833 ER PT J AU Zeh, C Pieniazek, D Agwale, SM Robbins, KE Odama, L Sani-Gwarzo, N Gboun, MS Inyang, US Folks, TM Wambebe, C Kalish, ML AF Zeh, C Pieniazek, D Agwale, SM Robbins, KE Odama, L Sani-Gwarzo, N Gboun, MS Inyang, US Folks, TM Wambebe, C Kalish, ML TI Nigerian HIV type 2 subtype A and B from heterotypic HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 or monotypic HIV type 2 infections SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BISSAU WEST-AFRICA; GUINEA-BISSAU; DUAL INFECTIONS; MIXED INFECTIONS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; COTE-DIVOIRE; IVORY-COAST AB The presence of HIV- 2 in Nigeria has been confirmed serologically, but not genetically. To determine the frequency of HIV- 2 infections and the dynamics between HIV- 1 and HIV- 2 in 35 of 36 Nigerian states, 420 blood samples were collected in 1999. Antibodies to HIV- 1 and HIV- 2 were detected by EIA and seroreactivity was confirmed with the INNO- LIA HIV Line Assay. The frequency of HIV- 2 was 4.3% ( 18 of 420), with 3.8% ( 16 of 420) HIV- 1 and HIV- 2 ( HIV- 1/ 2) heterotypic and 0.5% ( 2 of 420) HIV- 2 homotypic infections. The presence of HIV- 2 subtype B in the two monotypic HIV- 2 infections and subtype A in 11 ( 68.8%) of 16 HIV- 1/ 2 dually seropositive samples was established by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. HIV- 2 subtype B viruses were not found in any of the HIV- 1/ 2 dual infections, and HIV- 2 subtype A strains were not identified in either of the two monotypic HIV- 2 infections. Since our sample size was small and represented only convenience samples, larger randomized studies will be needed to better understand the dynamics of infection between HIV- 1 and different HIV- 2 subtypes and to determine whether significant biological differences exist among the HIV-2 subtypes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Abuja, Nigeria. Fed Minist Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria. RP Kalish, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop G19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkalish@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1089/aid.2005.21.17 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 895AE UT WOS:000226832200004 PM 15665641 ER PT J AU Cole, TJ AF Cole, TJ TI Detecting obesity based on skinfold thicknesses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL; BODY-MASS INDEX; REFERENCE VALUES; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; PREVENTION C1 Inst Child Hlth, Dept Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, London WC1N 1EH, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cole, TJ (reprint author), Inst Child Hlth, Dept Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, England. EM tim.cole@ich.ucl.ac.uk RI Cole, Tim/B-7883-2008 OI Cole, Tim/0000-0001-5711-8200 FU Medical Research Council [G9827821, G9827821(62595)] NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1 BP 196 EP 196 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 886VC UT WOS:000226259800030 PM 15640480 ER PT J AU Hall, IJ Moorman, PG Millikan, RC Newman, B AF Hall, IJ Moorman, PG Millikan, RC Newman, B TI Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among African-American women and White women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African Americans; breast neoplasms; case-control studies; risk factors; women ID TRANSIENT INCREASE; BLACK-WOMEN; AGE; TUMOR; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CARCINOMA; FEATURES; REGISTRY; BIRTH AB The authors assessed risk factor profiles among 1,505 African-American and 1,809 White women in the 19932001 Carolina Breast Cancer Study. Multiple logistic regression models for case-control data were used to estimate odds ratios for several factors. Racial differences were observed in the prevalence of many breast cancer risk factors among both younger (aged 20-49 years) and older (aged 50-74 years) women. For older women, the magnitude and direction of associations were generally similar for African-American and White women, but important racial differences were observed among younger women. In particular, multiparity was associated with increased risk of breast cancer among younger African-American women (for three or four pregnancies: adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9, 2.6; for five or more pregnancies: OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.6, 3.1) but not among younger White women (for three or four pregnancies: OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.4, 1.2; for five or more pregnancies: OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.2, 3.0). The relations with age at first full-term pregnancy and nulliparity also varied by race. Case-only analyses before and after further adjustment for tumor stage and hormone receptor status revealed little effect on results. Hence, racial variations in both prevalences of and risks associated with particular factors may contribute to the higher incidence of breast cancer among younger African-American women. C1 CDCP, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Canc Prevent Detect & Control Res Program, Durham, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth, Kelvin Grove, Qld, Australia. RP Hall, IJ (reprint author), CDCP, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM iah9@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [P50-CA58223] NR 32 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 1 BP 40 EP 51 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh331 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 884OK UT WOS:000226094700006 PM 15615914 ER PT J AU Gust, D Brown, C Sheedy, K Hibbs, B Weaver, D Nowak, G AF Gust, D Brown, C Sheedy, K Hibbs, B Weaver, D Nowak, G TI Immunization attitudes and beliefs among parents: Beyond a dichotomous perspective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE childhood immunizations; parents; attitudes and beliefs; audience segmentation ID VACCINATION; UNDERSTAND; MOTHERS AB Objectives: To better understand differences among parents in their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding childhood immunizations and health-related issues. Methods: Forty-four survey variables assessing attitudes and beliefs about immunizations and health were analyzed. The K-means clusters technique was used to identify homogeneous groups of parents based upon their responses to the questions. Results: Five clusters were identified: Immunization Ad- vocates (33.0%), Go Along to Get Alongs (26.4%), Health Advocates (24.8%), Fencesitters (13.2%), and Worrieds (2.6%). Conclusions: Although only a small percentage of parents are seriously concerned, other parents who are generally supportive of immunizations for their child are also affected by immunization safety issues. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gust, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DGust@cdc.gou NR 15 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 10 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 886VK UT WOS:000226260700007 PM 15604052 ER PT J AU Matson-Koffman, DM Brownstein, JN Neiner, JA Greaney, ML AF Matson-Koffman, DM Brownstein, JN Neiner, JA Greaney, ML TI A site-specific literature review of policy and environmental interventions that promote physical activity and nutrition for cardiovascular health: What works? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Review DE cardiovascular health; environmental; policy; interventions; physical activity; nutrition; fruit and vegetable consumption ID COMMUNITY-BASED INTERVENTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CITY LATINO COMMUNITY; NORTH-KARELIA PROJECT; WORCESTER-AREA TRIAL; LOW-FAT MILK; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; INCREASE FRUIT; STAIR USE AB Objective. To review the literature to determine whether policy and environmental interventions can increase people's physical activity or improve their nutrition. Data Source. The following database were searched for relevant intervention studies: Medline, Chronic Disease Prevention File, PsychInfo, Health Star, Web of Science, ERIC, the U.S Department of Transportation, and the U.S Department of Agriculture. Study Selection. To be included in the review, studies must have (1) addressed policy or environmental interventions to promote physical activity and or good nutrition; (2) been published from 1970 to October 2003; (3) provided a description of the intervention; and (4) reported behavioral, physiological, or organizational change outcomes. Studies that had inadequate interventions descriptions or that focused on determinants research, individual-level interventions only, the built environment, or media-only campaigns were excluded. Data Extraction. We extracted and summarized studies conducted before 1990 (n = 65) and during 1990-2003 (n = 64). Data Synthesis. Data were synthesized by topic (i.e., physical activity or nutrition), by type of intervention (i.e., point-of-purchase), and by setting (i.e., community, health care facility, school, worksite). Current studies published during 1990-2003 are described in more detail, including setting and location, sample size and characteristics, intervention to show the strength of the study designs and the associations of policy and environmental interventions with physical activity and nutrition. Conclusion. The results of our review suggest that policy and environmental strategies may promote physical activity and good nutrition. Based on the experimental and quasi-experimental studies in this reviews, the following interventions provide the strongest evidence for influencing these behaviors: prompts to increase stair use (N = 5); access to places and opportunities for physical activity (N = 6); school-based physical education(PE) with better-trained PE teachers, and increased length of time students are physically active (N = 7); comprehensive work-site approaches, including eduction, employee and peer support for physical activity, incentives, and access to exercise facilities (N = 5); the availability of nutritious foods (N = 33), point-of-purchase strategies (N = 29); and systemalic officer reminders and training of health care providers to provide nutritional counseling (N = 4). Further research is needed to determine the long-term effectiveness of different policy and environmental interventions with various populations and to identify the steps necessary to successfully implement these types of interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Matson-Koffman, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 168 TC 123 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 52 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 167 EP 193 PG 27 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 887OL UT WOS:000226315300004 PM 15693346 ER PT J AU Saig, J Alterman, T AF Saig, J Alterman, T TI A proportionate mortality study of bricklayers and allied craftworkers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE mortality; construction industry; cancer; occupational disease; bricklayers ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; LUNG-CANCER; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; SCIENTIFIC JUDGMENT; SILICA EXPOSURE; RISK; ESOPHAGEAL; WORKERS; CARCINOGENICITY; OCCUPATION AB Background Mortality among members of the International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers (IUBAC) is examined. Bricklayers and allied craft workers may be exposed to cobalt, epoxy resins, pitch, lime, and to lung carcinogens such as asbestos, silica, and nickel. Methods Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were computed using US age-, gender-, and race-specific mortality rates for members who died during 1986-1991. Results Statistically significant PMRs among white men were found for cancers of the esophagus (PMR = 134), stomach (PMR = 131), respiratory system, trachea, bronchus, and lung (PMR = 144), other parts of the respiratory system (PMR = 216), other and unspecified sites (PMR = 125). Elevated PMRs were also found for other diseases of the blood and blood forming organs (PMR = 201), emphysema (PMR = 133) and for asbestosis (PMR = 554), and other respiratory diseases (PMR = 119). Conclusions Results are consistent with those found in previous studies, and suggest the need for intervention activities directed at the prevention of these cancers, and other respiratory diseases. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Alterman, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS-R18,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM Talterman@cdc.gov OI Alterman, Toni/0000-0003-1512-4367 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 47 IS 1 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1002/ajim.20115 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 884SI UT WOS:000226106000003 ER PT J AU Hansen, JC Van Steenberg, C AF Hansen, JC Van Steenberg, C TI Keeping PACE with older adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Natl Nursing Home Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-936X J9 AM J NURS JI Am. J. Nurs. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 105 IS 1 BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 886WA UT WOS:000226262400046 PM 15660010 ER PT J AU Kim, C Ferrara, A McEwen, LN Marrero, DG Gerzoff, RB Herman, WH AF Kim, C Ferrara, A McEwen, LN Marrero, DG Gerzoff, RB Herman, WH CA TRIAD Study Grp TI Preconception care in managed care: The translating research into action for diabetes study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prepregnancy counseling; diabetes ID PREGNANCY; IMPROVEMENT; SERVICES; ADULTS AB Objectives: This study was undertaken to examine the rates of preconception counseling in managed care for women with diabetes and associated patient and physician characteristics. Study design: Participants included women aged 18 to 45 years enrolled in a study of diabetes care in managed care. Women were asked if they recalled discussions regarding glucose control before conception (n = 236) and use of family planning until Glucose control was achieved (n = 227). Hierarchical logistic regression models accounted for patient and physician characteristics. Results: Fifty-two percent of women recalled being counseled about glucose control and 31% recalled family planning advice. In adjusted models, patient age (years) (odds ratio [OR] 0.91 95% CI 0.86-0.96) and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)) (OR 0.96. 95% CI 0.93-0.99) remained significant predictors of glucose control counseling. Similarly, patient age (years) (OR 0.94. 95% CI 0.89-0.99) and BMI (kg/m(2)) (0.96,95% Cl 0.93-0.99) remained significant predictors of family planning counseling, Conclusions: Preconception counseling rates for diabetic women are low and associated with younger age and lower BMI. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Ferrara, Assiamira/0000-0002-7505-4826 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48 CCU516410-02] NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 192 IS 1 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.105 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 893ZU UT WOS:000226760400036 PM 15672029 ER PT J AU Little, J Sharp, L Khoury, MJ Bradley, L Gwinn, M AF Little, J Sharp, L Khoury, MJ Bradley, L Gwinn, M TI The epidemiologic approach to pharmacogenomics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGENOMICS LA English DT Review ID GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; S-TRANSFERASE M1; ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATION USE; DISEASE-SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SAMPLE-SIZE CALCULATIONS; CASE-CONTROL ASSOCIATION; HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT AB The epidemiologic approach enables the systematic evaluation of potential improvements in the safety and efficacy of drug treatment which might result from targeting treatment on the basis of genomic information. The main epidemiologic designs are the randomized control trial, the cohort study, and the case-control Study, and derivatives of these proposed for investigating gene-environment interactions. However, no one design is ideal for every situation, and methodological issues, notably selection bias, information bias, confounding and chance, all play a part in determining which study design is best for a given situation. There is also a need to employ a range of different designs to establish a portfolio of evidence about specific gene-drug interactions. In view of the complexity of gene-drug interactions, pooling of data across studies is likely to be needed in order to have adequate statistical power to test hypotheses. We suggest that there may be opportunities (i) to exploit samples from trials already completed to investigate possible gene-drug interactions; (ii) to consider the use of the case-only design nested within randomized controlled trials as a possible means of reducing genotyping costs when dichotomous outcomes are being investigated; and (iii) to make use of population-based disease registries that can be linked with tissue samples, treatment information and death records, to investigate gene-treatment interactions in survival. C1 Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. Natl Canc Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Little, J (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. EM jlittle@uottawa.ca NR 189 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-2203 J9 AM J PHARMACOGENOMIC JI Am. J. Pharmacogenomics PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.2165/00129785-200505010-00001 PG 20 WC Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 961XM UT WOS:000231695100001 PM 15727485 ER PT J AU Norris, SL Zhang, XP Avenell, A Gregg, E Bowman, B Schmid, CH Lau, P AF Norris, SL Zhang, XP Avenell, A Gregg, E Bowman, B Schmid, CH Lau, P TI Long-term effectiveness of weight-loss interventions in adults with pre-diabetes - A review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; LIFE-STYLE-INTERVENTION; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; DA QING IGT; PREVENTION PROGRAM; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; INSULIN-RESISTANCE AB Objective: To assess the effectiveness of weight-loss and weight-control interventions for adults with pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance), an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Methods: Computerized searches were conducted of multiple electronic bibliographic databases tip to August 2003. Randomized controlled trials in any language were selected that examined weight-loss or weight-control strategies rising at least one dietary, physical activity, or behavioral intervention, and with a follow-up interval of aparts per thousandY12 months. Effects were combined using a random effects model. Results: Studies were identified, with a total of 5168 participants. Follow-up ranged front 1 to 10 years. Quantitative synthesis was limited by the heterogeneity of populations, settings, and interventions, and by the small number of studies that examined outcomes other than weight. Overall, compared to usual care, font Studies with a follow-up of 1 year reduced weight by 2.8 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-4.7) (3.3% of baseline body weight) and decreased body mass index by 1.4 kg/m(2) (CI=0.5-2.3). Weight loss at 2 bears was 2.7 kg (CI=1.9-3.4) (two studies). Modest improvements were noted in the few studies that examined glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipid concentrations (p>0.05). The incidence of diabetes was significantly lower in the intervention groups versus the controls in three of five studies examining this outcome at 3 to 6 years follow-up. Conclusions: Overall, weight-loss strategies rising dietary, physical activity, or behavioral interventions produced significant improvements in weight among persons with pre-diabetes, and a significant decrease in diabetes incidence. Further work is needed on the long-term effects of these interventions on morbidity and mortality and on how to implement these interventions in the community setting. (C) 2005 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Aberdeen, Hlth Serv Res Unit, Aberdeen, Scotland. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Norris, SL (reprint author), Ctr Outcomes & Effectiveness, Agcy Hlth Care Res & Qual, 540 Gaither Rd,Room 6325, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. OI Schmid, Christopher/0000-0002-0855-5313 NR 58 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 126 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.08.006 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 884ZQ UT WOS:000226125600021 PM 15626569 ER PT J AU Greenwood, GL Paul, JP Pollack, LM Binson, D Catania, JA Chang, J Humfleet, G Stall, R AF Greenwood, GL Paul, JP Pollack, LM Binson, D Catania, JA Chang, J Humfleet, G Stall, R TI Tobacco use and cessation among a household-based sample of US urban men who have sex with men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SMOKING-CESSATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MAJOR DEPRESSION; QUIT SMOKING; ALCOHOL-USE; DRUG-USE; GAY MEN; PROGRESSION; RELAPSE; PREVALENCE AB Objectives. We examined tobacco use and cessation among a probability sample of urban men who have sex with men (MSM) living in 4 large US cities. Methods. Of the 2402 men who were eligible for follow-up from a previously recruited probability sample, 1780 (74%) completed tobacco surveys between January and December 1999. Results. Current smoking rates were higher for urban MSM (31.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 28.6%, 34.3%) than for men in the general population (24.7%; 95% CI = 21.2%, 28.2%). Among MSM, 27% were former smokers. A complex set of sociodemographic, tobacco-related, and other factors were associated with cessation. Conclusions. Results support earlier reports that smoking rates are higher for MSM compared with men in the general population. Findings related to cessation underscore the need to target tobacco control efforts for MSM. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Greenwood, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, 74 New Montgomery St,Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM ggreenwood@psg.ucsf.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 54320, R01 MH054320] NR 40 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2003.021451 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 884SW UT WOS:000226107500028 PM 15623875 ER PT J AU Denning, PH Campsmith, ML AF Denning, PH Campsmith, ML TI Unprotected anal intercourse among HIV-positive men who have a steady male sex partner with negative or unknown HIV serostatus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RISK SEX; YOUNG GAY MEN; SUBSTANCE USE; BISEXUAL MEN; SEROPOSITIVE GAY; SAFER SEX; COMBINATION THERAPIES; SELF-DISCLOSURE; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO AB Objectives. We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) among HIV-positive men who have a single steady male partner with negative or unknown HIV serostatus. Methods. We analyzed behavioral surveillance data from HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) interviewed in 12 states between 1995 and 2000. Results. Of 970 HIV-positive MSM who had a single steady male sex partner with negative or unknown serostatus, 278 (29%) reported UAI during the previous year. In a subset of 674 men who were aware of their infection, 144 (21%) had UAI. Among the men who were aware of their infectors, factors found to be predictive of UAI in multivariate modeling were hetero, self-identification, crack cocaine use, no education beyond high school, and partner with unknown serostatus. Conclusions. Even after learning of their infection, one fifth of HIV-positive MSM who had a single steady male partner with negative or unknown serostatus engaged in UAI, underscoring the need to expand HIV prevention interventions among these men. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Denning, PH (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pdenning@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1 BP 152 EP 158 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2003.017814 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 884SW UT WOS:000226107500029 PM 15623876 ER PT J AU Hopkins, DR Richards, FO Katabarwa, M AF Hopkins, DR Richards, FO Katabarwa, M TI Whither onchocerciasis control in Africa? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hopkins, DR (reprint author), Carter Ctr, 453 Freedom Pkwy, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. EM sdsulli@emory.edu NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 900OM UT WOS:000227224200001 PM 15728857 ER PT J AU Garcia, HH Del Brutto, OH Nash, TE White, AC Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH AF Garcia, HH Del Brutto, OH Nash, TE White, AC Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH TI New concepts in the diagnosis and management of neurocysticercosis (Taenia solium) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL CYSTICERCOSIS; FOLLOW-UP; SUBARACHNOID CYSTICERCI; ALBENDAZOLE THERAPY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; ANTIGEN-DETECTION; SEIZURES; HYDROCEPHALUS; LESIONS; ASSAY AB Human neurocysticercosis, the infection of the nervous system by the larvae of Taenia solium, is a major cause of epileptic seizures and other neurologic morbidity worldwide. The diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis have been considerably improved in recent years. This improvement includes identification and sequencing of specific antigens and development of new assays for laboratory diagnosis, recognition of the frequency and significance of edema around old, calcified cysts (associated to symptomatic episodes), results of a randomized blinded control treatment trial on treatment efficacy for intraparenchyrnal disease showing a clinical benefit of decreased seizures, and a much better assessment of the frequency and spectrum of cerebrovascular complications. These advances now permit a much better integration of clinical, serologic, and imaging data for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Hosp Clin Kennedy, Dept Neurol Sci, Guayaquil, Ecuador. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Gastrointestinal Parasites Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, Houston, TX USA. Ben Taub Gen Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Immunol Branch, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Garcia, HH (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. EM hgarcia@jshph.edu OI White, A Clinton/0000-0002-9668-4632 NR 54 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 900OM UT WOS:000227224200002 PM 15728858 ER PT J AU Carroll, DS Mills, JN Montgomery, JM Bausch, DG Blair, IJ Burans, JP Felices, V Gianella, A Iihoshi, N Nichol, ST Olson, JG Rogers, DS Salazar, M Ksiazek, TG AF Carroll, DS Mills, JN Montgomery, JM Bausch, DG Blair, IJ Burans, JP Felices, V Gianella, A Iihoshi, N Nichol, ST Olson, JG Rogers, DS Salazar, M Ksiazek, TG TI Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in central Bolivia: Relationships between reservoir hosts, habitats, and viral genotypes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-B GENE; VIRUS; ARGENTINA; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; RODENTS AB In August 2002, two cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) were confirmed in Mineros and Concepcion, within the Santa Cruz Department of Bolivia. Extensive alteration of the native ecosystem, from dense forest to pasture or sugarcane, had occurred in both regions. An ecologic assessment of reservoir species associated with the human disease identified a single hantavirus antibody-positive Oligoryzonzys microtis from Mineros and three hantavirus antibody-positive Calomys callosits from Concepcion. In Mineros, the virus from the O. microtis was 90% similar to sequences published for Rio Mamore virus. Viral nucleotide sequences from two C. callosits were 87-88% similar to the sequence of Laguna Negra virus. The viral sequence from the C. callosus was 99% identical to viral sequences obtained from the HPS patient in this area, implicating C. callosits as the host and Laguna Negra virus as the agent responsible for the HPS case near Concepcion. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Lima, Peru. Natl Ctr Trop Dis, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT USA. Brigham Young Univ, ML Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT USA. RP Carroll, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dcarroll@ede.gov NR 32 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 900OM UT WOS:000227224200010 PM 15728866 ER PT J AU Desai, MR Terlouw, DJ Kwena, AM Phillips-Howard, PA Kariuki, SK Wannemuehler, KA Odhacha, A Hawley, WA Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Ter Kuile, FO AF Desai, MR Terlouw, DJ Kwena, AM Phillips-Howard, PA Kariuki, SK Wannemuehler, KA Odhacha, A Hawley, WA Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Ter Kuile, FO TI Factors associated with hemoglobin concentrations in pre-school children in western Kenya: Cross-sectional studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TREATED BED NETS; DAILY IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; BAY-COHORT-PROJECT; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM PARASITEMIA; PERENNIAL MALARIA TRANSMISSION; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; CHILDHOOD ANEMIA; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RISK-FACTORS AB In sub-Saharan Africa, the etiology of anemia in early childhood is complex and muftifactorial. Three community-based cross-sectional surveys were used to determine the prevalence and severity of anemia. Regression methods were used to compare mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations across covariate levels to identify children at risk of low Hb levels in an area with intense malaria transmission. In a random sample of 2,774 children < 36 months old, the prevalence of anemia (Hb < 1Ig/dL) was 76.1% and 71%, respectively, in villages without and with insecticidetreated bed nets (ITNs); severe-moderate anemia (Hb < 7 g/dL) was observed in 11% (non-ITN) and 8.3% (ITN). The prevalence of anemia, high-density malaria parasiternia (21.7%), microcytosis (34.9%), underweight (21.9%), and diarrhea (54.8%) increased rapidly from age three months onwards and remained high until 35 months of age. Multivariate analyses showed that family size, history of fever, pate body, general body weakness, diarrhea, soil-eating, concurrent fever, stunting, and malaria parasiternia were associated with mean Hb levels. Prevention of severe anemia should start early in infancy and include a combination of micronutrient supplementation, malaria control, and possibly interventions against diarrheal illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu 1578, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Moi Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem Med, Eldoret, Kenya. Kenyan Minist Hlth, Off Prevent Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Desai, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mdesai@cdc.gov NR 68 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 900OM UT WOS:000227224200011 PM 15728867 ER PT J AU Langevin, SA Brault, AC Panella, NA Bowen, RA Komar, N AF Langevin, SA Brault, AC Panella, NA Bowen, RA Komar, N TI Variation in virulence of West Nile virus strains for house sparrows (Passer domesticus) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EARLY WARNING SYSTEM; NEW-YORK-CITY; MIDDLE-EAST; INFECTION; BIRDS; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; DEATHS; EUROPE AB The observation of avian mortality associated with West Nile virus (WNV) infection has become a hallmark epiderniologic feature in the recent emergence of this pathogen in Israel and North America. To determine if phenotypic differences exist among different WNV isolates, we exposed house sparrows (Passer doniesticits) to low passage, lineage 1 WNV strains from North America (NY99), Kenya (KEN), and Australia (KUN; also known as Kunjin virus). House sparrows inoculated with the NY99 and KEN strains experienced similar mortality rates and viremia profiles. The KUN strain elicited significantly lower-titered viremia when compared with the other strains and induced no mortality. This study suggests that natural mortality in house sparrows due to Old World strains of WNV may be occurring where the KEN strain occurs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM salangevin@ucdavis.edu; acbrault@ucdavis.edu; nap4@cdc.gov; rbowen@colostate.edu; nck6@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 900OM UT WOS:000227224200018 PM 15728874 ER PT J AU Tucker, SP Pretty, JR AF Tucker, SP Pretty, JR TI Identification of oxidation products of solanesol produced during air sampling for tobacco smoke by electrospray mass spectrometry and HPLC SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED PARTICLE EXPOSURES; INDOOR AIR; INTERNATIONAL CIGARETTES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NONSMOKERS; OZONE; ETS; VENTILATION; ENVIRONMENTS; CONSTITUENTS AB Solanesol, a 45-carbon, trisesquiterpenoid alcohol found in tobacco leaves and tobacco smoke, has been used as a quantitative marker for tobacco smoke for years. However, solanesol appears to be unreliable as a quantitative marker for tobacco smoke during environmental air sampling because it can be degraded substantially when present as a component of tobacco smoke and by as much as 100% when present as pure solanesol on fortified filters during air sampling. Since there is strong evidence that ozone is the agent responsible for the degradation, solanesol appears to be unreliable as a quantitative marker during indoor air sampling when indoor levels of ozone are greater than about 15 ppb. The degree of loss of pure solanesol is directly proportional to the concentration of ozone and the length of the sampling period and depends on the type of 37 mm membrane filter used for air sampling ( PTFE or quartz fiber). While the degree of loss of solanesol is inversely proportional to the relative humidity of the air at a sampling rate of 1.7 L min(-1), the degree of loss is virtually independent of relative humidity at a lower sampling rate; i.e., 0.25 L min(-1). A curve of loss of solanesol on a filter versus concentration of ozone from an ozone generator is virtually identical to a curve segment based on atmospheric ozone under the same conditions of air sampling. Oxidation of solanesol by ozone to approximately 25 to 60% completion produces at least three series of products for a total of at least 26 compounds: ( 1) isoprenoid acetones, ( 2) omega-hydroxyisoprenoid acetaldehydes, and ( 3) isoprenoid oxoaldehydes. All products in each series were tentatively identified as their derivatives with 2-(p-aminophenyl) ethanol (APE) by electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS). Ten ozonation products were detected as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives by HPLC at 360 nm: 4-oxopentanal and nine isoprenoid acetones ( acetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, geranylacetone, farnesylacetone, tetraprenylacetone, geranylfarnesylacetone, farnesylfarnesylacetone, farnesylgeranylgeranylacetone and bombiprenone. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Tucker, SP (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM spt1@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2005 VL 130 IS 10 BP 1414 EP 1424 DI 10.1039/b505328e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 965VQ UT WOS:000231978900016 PM 16172668 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Patterson, DG Barr, DB Grainger, J Calafat, AM AF Needham, LL Patterson, DG Barr, DB Grainger, J Calafat, AM TI Uses of speciation techniques in biomonitoring for assessing human exposure to organic environmental chemicals SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE speciation; specificity; biomonitoring; chromatography; organic environmental chemicals ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN-SERUM; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BUTYL ETHER; HUMAN BLOOD; PESTICIDES; PHTHALATE AB Speciation analysis has been used for many years to identify and measure different forms of a given chemical in environmental and human samples. Although the term "speciation" is generally applied to the measurement of inorganic chemicals, the term can also be applied to many measurements of organic chemicals in complex samples, such as environmental media and biological matrices. We present several examples of achieving speciation analysis by selecting the appropriate biological matrix in which to measure a specific chemical(s), by a given analytical method, for the most accurate assessment of human exposure to the environmental chemical. Much of this information and many of these techniques are transferable to the measurement of inorganic elements in environmental and biological samples. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Needham, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lneedham@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 381 IS 2 BP 397 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s00216-004-2975-5 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 895UF UT WOS:000226888500014 PM 15616776 ER PT J AU Ein, D Gruchalla, R Baker, JR Bellanti, JA Engler, RAM Jones, JF Martin, BL Routes, JM AF Ein, D Gruchalla, R Baker, JR Bellanti, JA Engler, RAM Jones, JF Martin, BL Routes, JM TI Pre-event smallpox vaccination and postevent exposure and disease: a report of the Joint Task Force on Smallpox Vaccination for Allergists SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLICY; RISK C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Ein, D (reprint author), Amer Coll Allergy Asthma & Immunol, 85 W Algonquin Rd,Suite 550, Arlington Hts, IL 60005 USA. EM maryloucallaghan@acaai.org OI Bellanti, Joseph/0000-0002-5038-7202 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 94 IS 1 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 894EN UT WOS:000226773500003 PM 15702806 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Lee, LM Li, JM Song, RG McKenna, MT AF Hall, HI Lee, LM Li, JM Song, RG McKenna, MT TI Describing the HIV/AIDS epidemic: Using HIV case data in addition to AIDS case reporting SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; surveillance ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; SURVEILLANCE; COMPLETENESS; INFECTION AB PURPOSE: We examined the demographic and risk characteristics of persons with HIV using traditional AIDS case reporting and the more recent system that includes HIV diagnoses without AIDS. METHODS: Using data from 25 states with HIV reporting of HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed from 1994 through 2001, we calculated percentage distributions, annual diagnosis rates, and estimated annual percent change (EAPC) for persons with HIV (all HIV diagnoses with or without AIDS) and persons with AIDS. RESULTS: The age at diagnosis of persons with all stages of HIV tended to be Younger than that of the subset of persons with AIDS. Annual diagnosis rates decreased more among AIDS cases (men: EAPC, 9.76; 95% CI, - 12.00, - 7.45; women: EAPC, - 3.40; 95% Cl - 5.72, - 1.02) than for persons with HIV (men: EAPC, - 6.14; 95% Cl, - 7.66, - 4.60; women: EAPC, - 2.99; 95% Cl, - 4.15, - 1.82), except among women and black non-Hispanics, for whom the difference in the decreases in rates for both disease groups were small. Injection drug use was a more common mode of exposure for women with AIDS than for women with HIV. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiology of HIV differs for certain key population groups from that of AIDS. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ihall1@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.05.008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 880OC UT WOS:000225798100002 PM 15571988 ER PT J AU Patnick, J Ransohoff, D Atkin, W Borras, JM Elwood, M Hoff, G Nadel, M Russo, A Simon, J Weiderpass-Vaino, E Zappa, M Smith, R AF Patnick, J Ransohoff, D Atkin, W Borras, JM Elwood, M Hoff, G Nadel, M Russo, A Simon, J Weiderpass-Vaino, E Zappa, M Smith, R TI Workgroup III: facilitating screening for colorectal cancer: quality assurance evaluation. UICC International Workshop on Facilitating Screening for Colorectal Cancer, Oslo, Norway (29 and 30 June 2002) SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT UICC International Workshop on Facilitating Screening for Colorectal Cancer CY JUN 29-SEP 30, 2002 CL Oslo, NORWAY SP Int Union Against Canc, Amer Canc Soc, Norwegian Canc Soc ID RISK C1 Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Manor House, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Canc Res UK, London, England. Inst Catala Oncol, Barcelona, Spain. Natl Canc Control Initiat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Inst Populat Based Canc Res, Oslo, Norway. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Local Hlth Author Milan, Milan, Italy. Queens Univ, Kingston, ON, Canada. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. Ctr Study & Prevent Canc, Florence, Italy. RP Smith, R (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, 1599 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM Robert.Smith@cancer.org RI Weiderpass, Elisabete/M-4029-2016 OI Weiderpass, Elisabete/0000-0003-2237-0128 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 DI 10.1093/annonc/mdi032 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 885JR UT WOS:000226153400009 PM 15598934 ER PT S AU Gage, KL Kosoy, MY AF Gage, KL Kosoy, MY TI Natural history of plague: Perspectives from more than a century of research SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY SE Annual Review of Entomology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE flea; Siphonaptera; Yersinia pestis; rodent; zoonosis ID YERSINIA-PESTIS; UNITED-STATES; XENOPSYLLA-CHEOPIS; BUBONIC PLAGUE; NEW-MEXICO; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; PASTEURELLA-PESTIS; FLEA VECTOR; DYNAMICS; TRANSMISSION AB For more than a century, scientists have investigated the natural history of plague, a highly fatal disease caused by infection with the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis. Among their most important discoveries were the zoonotic nature of the disease and that plague exists in natural cycles involving transmission between rodent hosts and flea vectors. Other significant findings include those on the evolution of Y. pestis; geographic variation among plague strains: the dynamics and maintenance of transmission cycles; mechanisms by which fleas transmit Y. pestis; resistance and susceptibility among plague hosts; the structure and typology of natural foci: and how landscape features influence the focality, maintenance. and spread of the disease. The knowledge gained from these studies is essential for the development of effective prevention and control strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gage, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM KGage@cdc.gov; MKosoy@cdc.gov NR 144 TC 310 Z9 332 U1 17 U2 92 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 BN 978-0-8243-0150-7 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2005 VL 50 BP 505 EP 528 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130337 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 893GT UT WOS:000226708000022 PM 15471529 ER PT S AU Kew, OM Sutter, RW de Gourville, EM Dowdle, WR Pallansch, MA AF Kew, OM Sutter, RW de Gourville, EM Dowdle, WR Pallansch, MA TI Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY SE Annual Review of Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE poliomyelitis; attenuation of neurovirulence; oral poliovirus vaccine ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; WILD POLIOVIRUS; TYPE-3 POLIOVIRUS; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; ATTENUATION PHENOTYPE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; GENETIC STABILITY; SABIN VACCINE AB As the global eradication of wild poliovirus nears, the World Health Organization (WHO) is addressing challenges unprecedented in public health. The live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), used for more than four decades to interrupt poliovirus transmission, and the vaccine of choice for developing countries, is genetically unstable. Reversion of the small number of substitutions conferring the attenuated phenotype frequently occurs during OPV replication in humans and is the underlying cause of the rare cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) in OPV recipients and their close contacts. Whereas VAPP has long been recognized, two other adverse events have been identified more recently: (a) long-term excretion of highly evolved vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) in persons with primary immunodeficiencies, and (b) polio outbreaks associated with circulating VDPVs in areas with low rates of OPV coverage. Developing a posteradication strategy to minimize the risks of VDPV emergence and spread has become an urgent WHO priority. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. RP Kew, OM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM omk1@cdc.gov; sutterr@who.int; degourvillee@who.int; wdowdle@taskforce.org; map1@cdc.gov NR 229 TC 316 Z9 346 U1 11 U2 112 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4227 BN 978-0-8243-1159-9 J9 ANNU REV MICROBIOL JI Annu. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2005 VL 59 BP 587 EP 635 DI 10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625 PG 49 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 980YT UT WOS:000233054800024 PM 16153180 ER PT S AU Belay, ED Schonberger, LB AF Belay, ED Schonberger, LB TI The public health impact of prion diseases SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH SE Annual Review of Public Health LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE transmissible spongiform encephalopathy; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; bovine spongiform encephalopathy; chronic wasting disease ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; DURA-MATER GRAFT; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; GROWTH-HORMONE RECIPIENTS; UNITED-STATES; SCRAPIE PRION; VARIANT CJD; PERSON TRANSMISSION; TONSIL BIOPSY AB Several prion disease-related human health risks from an exogenous source can be identified in the United States, including the iatrogenic transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), the possible occurrence of variant CJD (vCJD), and potential zoonotic transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD). Although cross-species transmission of prion diseases seems to be limited by an apparent "species barrier," the occurrence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and its transmission to humans indicate that animal prion diseases can pose a significant public health risk. Recent reports of secondary person-to-person spread of vCJD via blood products and detection of vCJD transmission in a patient heterozygous at codon 129 further illustrate the potential public health impacts of BSE. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Belay, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM EBelay@cdc.gov RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 79 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 16 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-7525 BN 978-0-8243-2726-2 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 2005 VL 26 BP 191 EP 212 DI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144536 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 924LY UT WOS:000228981500009 PM 15760286 ER PT S AU Robertson, BH Nicholson, JKA AF Robertson, BH Nicholson, JKA TI New microbiology tools for public health and their implications SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH SE Annual Review of Public Health LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE polymerase chain reaction; flow cytometry; pulsed field gel electrophoresis; multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis; time-resolved fluorescence; microarrays ID LINE PROBE ASSAY; TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AIDS; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; WILD POLIOVIRUS AB The realm of diagnostic assays for detection of acute infections is rapidly changing from antibody detection to pathogen detection, from clinical laboratory based to point-of-care based, from single analyte detection to multiple analyte detection, and is more focused on detection using less invasive approaches for collecting biological samples. New assays are typically more sensitive than are conventional assays and have the capability of providing more information that characterizes the pathogen or the host response to the pathogen. From a public health perspective, the advent of molecular epidemiology, which allows tracking of pathogens based on unique genetic sequences or antigenic properties, has revolutionized how epidemiologists investigate and evaluate epidemics and assess endemic diseases. In addition, the use of point-of-care (POC) devices can impact the detection and surveillance of infections and will enhance our ability to accurately identify the causes of illnesses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Robertson, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bjr1@cdc.gov; jkn1@cdc.gov NR 61 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 26 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-7525 BN 978-0-8243-2726-2 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 2005 VL 26 BP 281 EP 302 DI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144522 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 924LY UT WOS:000228981500013 PM 15760290 ER PT S AU Baker, EL Potter, MA Jones, DL Mercer, SL Cioffi, JP Green, LW Halverson, PK Lichtveld, MY Fleming, DW AF Baker, EL Potter, MA Jones, DL Mercer, SL Cioffi, JP Green, LW Halverson, PK Lichtveld, MY Fleming, DW TI The public health infrastructure and our nation's health SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH SE Annual Review of Public Health LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE organizational capacity; workforce development; information systems; public health preparedness ID INFORMATICS; PREVENTION; WORKFORCE; AGENDA AB Threats to Americans' health - including chronic disease, emerging infectious disease, and bioterrorism - are present and growing, and the public health system is responsible for addressing these challenges. Public health systems in the United States are built on an infrastructure of workforce, information systems, and organizational capacity; in each of these areas, however, serious deficits have been well documented. Here we draw on two 2003 Institute of Medicine reports and present evidence for current threats and the weakness of our public health infrastructure. We describe major initiatives to systematically assess, invest in, rebuild, and evaluate workforce competency, information systems, and organizational capacity through public policy making, practical initiatives, and practice-oriented research. These initiatives are based on applied science and a shared federal-state approach to public accountability. We conclude that a newly strengthened public health infrastructure must be sustained in the future through a balancing of the values inherent in the federal system. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, N Carolina Inst Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Publ Hlth Practice, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Interfaith Hlth Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Georgia State Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Global Hlth Strategies, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. RP Baker, EL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, N Carolina Inst Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM elbaker@email.unc.edu; potterm@edc.pitt.edu; djones9@sph.emory.edu; zhi5@cdc.gov; vzc1@cdc.gov; lwgreen@comcast.net; phalverson@healthyarkansas.com; mlichrveld@gsu.edu; davidf@gatesfoundation.org NR 73 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 6 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-7525 BN 978-0-8243-2726-2 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 2005 VL 26 BP 303 EP 318 DI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144647 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 924LY UT WOS:000228981500014 PM 15760291 ER PT J AU Clark, NC Weigel, LM Patel, JB Tenover, FC AF Clark, NC Weigel, LM Patel, JB Tenover, FC TI Comparison of Tn1546-like elements in vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Michigan and Pennsylvania SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; ENTEROCOCCI; GENE AB In 2002, the first two clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) containing vanA were recovered in Michigan and Pennsylvania. Tn1546, a mobile genetic element that encodes high-level vancomycin resistance in enterococci, was present in both isolates. With PCR and DNA sequence analysis, we compared the Tn1546 elements from each isolate to the prototype Tn1546 element. The Michigan VRSA element was identical to the prototype Tn1546 element. The Pennsylvania VRSA element showed three distinct modifications: a deletion of nucleotides 1 to 3098 at the 5' end, which eliminated the orf1 region; an 809-bp IS1216V-Iike element inserted before nucleotide 3099 of Tn1546; and an inverted 1,499-bp IS1251-like element inserted into the vanSH intergenic region. These differences in the Tn1546-like elements indicate that the first two VRSA isolates were the result of independent genetic events. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Clark, NC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ncc1@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 49 IS 1 BP 470 EP 472 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.1.470-472.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 883SF UT WOS:000226035300071 PM 15616340 ER PT J AU Hayden, F Klimov, A Tashiro, M Hay, A Monto, A McKimm-Breschkin, J Macken, C Hampson, A Webster, RG Amyord, M Zambon, M AF Hayden, F Klimov, A Tashiro, M Hay, A Monto, A McKimm-Breschkin, J Macken, C Hampson, A Webster, RG Amyord, M Zambon, M TI Neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility network position statement: antiviral resistance in influenza A/H5N1 viruses SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID A H5N1; OSELTAMIVIR PHOSPHATE; DISEASE AB The emerging epidemic of H5N1 avian influenza virus with spillover into the human population in Asia has provoked intense concern globally about the potential of these particularly pathogenic viruses to evolve with the capacity for human-to-human transmission with a consequent pandemic. The availability of antiviral drugs with activity against influenza A viruses and the recognition of drug-resistant variants to these drugs prompted the following report by a select group of the global experts - members of the Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Network - on the best use of the available drugs, both for prophylaxis and treatment. The editors of Antiviral Therapy are pleased to be able to provide this document in an expeditious manner. C1 Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Strain Surveillance Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. MRC, Natl Inst Med Res, London, England. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CSIRO, Div Hlth Sci & Nutr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Influenza Reference & Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Univ Lyon 1, F-69365 Lyon, France. Hlth Protect Acgy, London, England. RP Hayden, F (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM FGH@Virginia.edu RI McKimm-Breschkin, Jennifer/D-1880-2013 NR 26 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 8 BP 873 EP 877 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 009SN UT WOS:000235133100001 PM 16430192 ER PT J AU Bennett, DE McCormick, L Wheeler, W Kline, R AF Bennett, DE McCormick, L Wheeler, W Kline, R TI Mutation patterns associated with resistance to tenofovir in drug-naive persons newly diagnosed with HIV SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 CDC, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 SU 1 BP S27 EP S27 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 972RL UT WOS:000232470800028 ER PT J AU Bennett, DE McCormick, L Wheeler, W Kline, R AF Bennett, DE McCormick, L Wheeler, W Kline, R TI Mutation patterns associated with resistance to tenofovir in drug-naive persons newly diagnosed with HIV SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 CDC, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 MA 025 BP S27 EP S27 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 965PQ UT WOS:000231963100041 ER PT J AU Bennett, DE Winters, MA Shafer, RW Heneine, W McCormick, L Johnson, J Garcia-Lerma, JG Zaidi, I Weinstock, H AF Bennett, DE Winters, MA Shafer, RW Heneine, W McCormick, L Johnson, J Garcia-Lerma, JG Zaidi, I Weinstock, H TI Concordance of HIV drug resistance genotyping results for paired PBMC and plasma specimens from persons newly diagnosed with HIV SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 CDC, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. CDC, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDSTD, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 SU 1 BP S176 EP S176 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 972RL UT WOS:000232470800164 ER PT J AU Bennett, DE Winters, MA Shafer, RW Heneine, W McCormick, L Johnson, J Garcia-Lerma, JG Zaidi, I Weinstock, H AF Bennett, DE Winters, MA Shafer, RW Heneine, W McCormick, L Johnson, J Garcia-Lerma, JG Zaidi, I Weinstock, H TI Concordance of HIV drug resistance genotyping results for paired PBMC and plasma specimens from persons newly diagnosed with HIV SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 MA 161 BP S176 EP S176 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 965PQ UT WOS:000231963100177 ER PT J AU Cong, M Bennett, DE Heneine, W Garcia-Lerma, JG AF Cong, M Bennett, DE Heneine, W Garcia-Lerma, JG TI Fitness cost of drug resistance mutations is relative and is modulated by other resistance mutations: implications for persistance of transmitted resistance SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 CDC, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 SU 1 BP S169 EP S169 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 972RL UT WOS:000232470800157 ER PT J AU Cong, M Bennett, DE Heneine, W Garcia-Lerma, JG AF Cong, M Bennett, DE Heneine, W Garcia-Lerma, JG TI Fitness cost of drug resistance mutations is relative and is modulated by other resistance mutations: implications for persistance of transmitted resistance SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 MA 154 BP S169 EP S169 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 965PQ UT WOS:000231963100170 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, J McNulty, A Jennings, C Bennett, D Fitzgibbon, J Morack, R Ussery, M Folks, TM Kalish, ML Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, J McNulty, A Jennings, C Bennett, D Fitzgibbon, J Morack, R Ussery, M Folks, TM Kalish, ML Heneine, W TI Evaluation of dried blood spots for HIV-1 drug resistance testing SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NIAID, Div AIDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 MA 044 BP S49 EP S49 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 965PQ UT WOS:000231963100060 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG McNulty, A Jennings, C Bennett, D Fitzgibbon, J Morack, R Ussery, M Folks, TM Kalish, ML Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, JG McNulty, A Jennings, C Bennett, D Fitzgibbon, J Morack, R Ussery, M Folks, TM Kalish, ML Heneine, W TI Evaluation of dried blood spots for HIV-1 drug resistance testing SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 CDC, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NIAID, Div Aids, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 SU 1 BP S49 EP S49 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 972RL UT WOS:000232470800047 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Li, JF Morris, L Martinson, N Gray, G McIntyre, J Heneine, W AF Johnson, JA Li, JF Morris, L Martinson, N Gray, G McIntyre, J Heneine, W TI Resistance mutations arise in the majority of women provided single-dose NVP and appear to differ in emergence and persistence SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & Tuberculosis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Preinatal HIV Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 SU 1 BP S13 EP S13 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 972RL UT WOS:000232470800014 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Li, JF Morris, L Martinson, N Gray, G McIntyre, J Heneine, A AF Johnson, JA Li, JF Morris, L Martinson, N Gray, G McIntyre, J Heneine, A TI Resistance mutations arise in the majority of women provided single-dose NVP and appear to differ in emergence and persistence SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 MA 011 BP S13 EP S13 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 965PQ UT WOS:000231963100027 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Li, JF Brant, A Bennett, D Cong, M Spira, T Sandstrom, P Heneine, W AF Johnson, JA Li, JF Brant, A Bennett, D Cong, M Spira, T Sandstrom, P Heneine, W TI Multi-drug resistant HIV-1 are transmitted more frequently than current estimates SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 SU 1 BP S124 EP S124 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 972RL UT WOS:000232470800114 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Li, JF Brant, A Bennett, D Cong, M Spira, T Sandstrom, P Heneine, W AF Johnson, JA Li, JF Brant, A Bennett, D Cong, M Spira, T Sandstrom, P Heneine, W TI Multi-drug resistant HIV-1 are transmitted more frequently than current estimates SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 MA 111 BP S124 EP S124 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 965PQ UT WOS:000231963100127 ER PT J AU Rose, LJ Rice, EW Jensen, B Murga, R Peterson, A Donlan, RM Arduino, MJ AF Rose, LJ Rice, EW Jensen, B Murga, R Peterson, A Donlan, RM Arduino, MJ TI Chlorine inactivation of bacterial bioterrorism agents SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTION; WATER AB Seven species of bacterial select agents were tested for susceptibility to free available chlorine (FAC). Under test conditions, the FAC routinely maintained in potable water would be sufficient to reduce six species by 2 orders of magnitude within 10 min. Water contaminated with spores of Bacillus anthracis spores would require further treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rose, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lrose@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 566 EP 568 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.1.566-568.2005 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 889QZ UT WOS:000226458800074 PM 15640238 ER PT J AU Ashley, DL Blount, BC Singer, PC Depaz, E Wilkes, C Gordon, S Lyu, C Masters, J AF Ashley, David L. Blount, Benjamin C. Singer, Philip C. Depaz, Erika Wilkes, Charles Gordon, Sydney Lyu, Christopher Masters, John TI Changes in blood trihalomethane concentrations resulting from differences in water quality and water use activities SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE bathing; birth defects; blood; household water; showering; trihalomethanes (THMs) ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DRINKING-WATER; TAP WATER; BIRTH-DEFECTS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; BREATH MEASUREMENTS; EXPOSURE; ASSOCIATION AB Water disinfection is extremely important for the protection of public health; however, it also forms by-products, including trihatomethanes (THMs). Previous studies of health effects from disinfection by-products have lacked accurate methods to quantify exposure over time. As a first step in establishing a better system for exposure assessment, the authors investigated which household water use activities cause a significant increase in internal dose concentrations of THMs. In this study, 7 subjects in 2 different cities carried out 12 common activities that involved water use. In 3 of these activities-bathing, showering, and washing dishes by hand-the blood concentrations of THMs increased substantially. Further analysis of the data suggested that tap water concentrations primarily controlled the blood concentrations from bathing exposure, whereas tap water concentrations and ambient air concentrations resulting from water use affected the blood concentrations from showering exposure. Further studies will focus on variables in these activities that can alter exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Wilkes Technol Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Battele, Durham, NC USA. RP Ashley, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F-47,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dla1@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 60 IS 1 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.3200/AEOH.60.1.7-15 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 060KG UT WOS:000238800500002 PM 16961003 ER PT J AU Edwards, R Johnson, M Dunn, KH Naeher, LP AF Edwards, Rufus Johnson, Michael Dunn, Kevin H. Naeher, Luke P. TI Application of real-time particle sensors to help mitigate exposures of wildland firefighters SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; occupational health monitoring; particle mass; personal exposure; respiratory protection ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; SMOKE EXPOSURE; LUNG-FUNCTION AB High particulate exposures have been demonstrated to decrease lung function among firefighters. In this article, the authors demonstrated the feasibility of using small real-time particle sensors to inform wildland firefighters so they may make informed decisions on the use of personal respiratory protection. Using 1 mg/m(3) as an indicator point for use of appropriately designed respiratory protection, such sensors could help prevent 16% to 74% of particulate exposure during prescribed burns when firefighters assess exposure as low or medium. Adherence to such a guideline for the use of respiratory protection would involve its deployment during 3% to 22% of individual 8-hour shifts. In addition, data-logging sensors would provide a valuable tool for tracking exposure to particulates among wildland firefighters for occupational health monitoring. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Environm Hlth Sci & Policy, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Edwards, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Environm Hlth Sci & Policy, 268 Social Ecol 1, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM edwardsr@uci.edu RI Dunn, Kevin/I-2195-2012 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 60 IS 1 BP 40 EP 43 DI 10.3200/AEOH.60.1.40-43 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 060KG UT WOS:000238800500006 PM 16961007 ER PT J AU Shahangian, S Stankovic, AK Lubin, IM Handsfield, JH White, MD AF Shahangian, S Stankovic, AK Lubin, IM Handsfield, JH White, MD TI Results of a survey of hospital coagulation laboratories in the United States, 2001 SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Session of the American-Society-for-Clinical-Pathology CY SEP 18-21, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Soc Clin Pathol ID PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME; CANADIAN MEDICAL LABORATORIES; PATHOLOGISTS CONFERENCE XXXI; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C; INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO; CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC PRACTICE; VON-WILLEBRAND-DISEASE; V-LEIDEN MUTATION; ANTICOAGULANT-THERAPY; ROUTINE COAGULATION AB Context.-Coagulation and bleeding problems are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, and inappropriate testing practices may lead to bleeding or thrombotic complications. Objective.-To evaluate practices reported by hospital coagulation laboratories in the United States and to determine if the number of beds in a hospital was associated with different practices. Design.-From a sampling frame of institutions listed in the 1999 directory of the American Hospital, Association, stratified into hospitals with 200 or more beds ("large hospitals") and those with fewer than 200 beds ("small hospitals"), we randomly selected 425 large hospitals (sampling rate, 25.6%) and 375 small hospitals (sampling rate, 8.8%) and sent a survey to them between June and October 2001. Of these, 321 large hospitals (75.5%) and 311 small hospitals (82.9%) responded. Results.-An estimated 97.1% of respondents reported performing some coagulation laboratory tests. Of these, 71.6% reported using 3.2% sodium citrate as the specimen anticoagulant to determine prothrombin time (81.3% of large vs 67.7% of small hospitals, P <.001). Of the same respondents, 45.3% reported selecting thromboplastins insensitive to heparin in the therapeutic range when measuring prothrombin time (59.4% of large vs 39.8% of small hospitals, P <.001), and 58.8% reported having a therapeutic range for heparin (72.9% of large vs 53.2% of small hospitals, P <.001). An estimated 96.3% of respondents assayed specimens for activated partial thromboplastin time within 4 hours after phlebotomy, and 89.4% of respondents centrifuged specimens within 1 hour of collection. An estimated 12.1% reported monitoring low-molecular-weight heparin therapy, and to do so, 79% used an assay for activated partial thromboplastin time (58% of large vs 96% of small hospitals, P =.001), whereas 38% used an antifactor Xa assay (65% of large vs 18% of small hospitals, P =.001). Conclusions.-Substantial variability in certain laboratory practices was evident. Where significant differences existed between the hospital groups, usually large hospitals adhered to accepted practice guidelines to a greater extent. Some reported practices are not consistent with current recommendations, showing a need to understand the reasons for noncompliance so that better adherence to accepted standards of laboratory practice can be promoted. C1 CDCP, Div Lab Serv, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Shahangian, S (reprint author), CDCP, Div Lab Serv, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop G-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sshahangian@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 129 IS 1 BP 47 EP 60 PG 14 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 887FO UT WOS:000226291200008 PM 15628908 ER PT J AU Mahy, BW Rowlands, DJ AF Mahy, BW Rowlands, DJ TI In memoriam Fred Brown (1925-2004) - Obituary SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Div Microbiol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Mahy, BW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 150 IS 1 BP 199 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s00705-004-0442-4 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 887QQ UT WOS:000226321000017 ER PT J AU Mills, JN AF Mills, JN TI Regulation of Rodent-Borne viruses in the natural host: implications for human disease SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; ARGENTINE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; LAGUNA NEGRA VIRUS; LONG-TERM; SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO; RESERVOIR POPULATIONS; INFECTION; ECOLOGY AB Prevalence and transmission rates of rodent-borne viruses within host populations vary in time and space and among host-virus systems. Improving our understanding of the causes of these variations will lead to a better understanding of changes in disease risk to humans. The regulators of prevalence and transmission can be categorized into five major classes: (1) Environmental regulators such as weather and food supply affect transmission rates through their effect on reproductive success and population densities. (2) Anthropogenic factors, such as disturbance, may lead to ecosystem simplification and decreased diversity. These changes favor opportunistic species, which may serve as reservoirs for zoonotic viruses. (3) Genetic factors influence susceptibility of mice to infection or capacity for chronic shedding and may be related to population cycling. (4) Behavioral factors, such as fighting, increase risk of transmission of some viruses and result in different patterns of infection between male and female mice. Communal nesting may result in overwinter transmission in colder climates. (5) Physiologic factors control host response to infection and length of time the host remains infectious. Risk prediction is difficult because these regulators are numerous and often interact, and the relative importance of each varies according to the host species, season, year, and geographic location. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mills, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmills@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2005 SU 19 BP 45 EP 57 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 984RI UT WOS:000233321600006 PM 16355867 ER PT J AU Hughes, JM AF Hughes, JM TI Emerging infectious diseases: the public's view of the problem and what should be expected from the public health community SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARS; THREATS; FUTURE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmh2@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2005 SU 19 BP 207 EP 213 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 984RI UT WOS:000233321600018 PM 16355875 ER PT J AU Elliott, AL Kraus, VB Luta, G Stabler, T Renner, JB Woodard, J Dragomir, AD Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM AF Elliott, AL Kraus, VB Luta, G Stabler, T Renner, JB Woodard, J Dragomir, AD Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM TI Serum hyaluronan levels and radiographic knee and hip osteoarthritis in African Americans and Caucasians in the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; CIRCULATING HYALURONATE; DISSEMINATED NEOPLASM; DISEASE PROGRESSION; KERATAN SULFATE; PLASMA-LEVELS; CARTILAGE; ACID; MARKERS AB Objective. Serum hyaluronan (HA) has been proposed as a potential biomarker of osteoarthritis (OA). We examined associations between serum HA and radiographic OA in an ethnically diverse, population-based sample. Methods. Participants were selected from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, using stratified simple random sampling to achieve balance according to radiographic knee OA status, ethnic group, sex, and age group. Serum HA was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Radiographic OA variables included knee OA, knee OA laterality, knee OA severity, concomitant knee and hip OA, and total number of OA-affected knee and hip joints. Analysis of covariance was used to assess differences in mean serum levels of natural log-transformed HA (In serum HA) between groups, adjusting for ethnicity, sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported comorbidities. Results. Levels of In serum HA were positively associated with all definitions of radiographic OA (P < 0.0001). Levels of In serum HA were higher in Caucasians (P = 0.0094) and in men (P = 0.0038) and were moderately correlated with age (r = 0.35, P < 0.0001). The associations with radiographic OA, ethnicity, sex, and age remained statistically significant after adjustment (P < 0.0045). There were no interactions between ethnicity and the other covariates. Conclusion. These cross-sectional data support a role for serum HA as a biomarker of radiographic OA. The variations in levels of serum HA attributable to ethnicity, sex, and age were not explained by radiographic OA, BMI, or comorbidities. The lack of strong confounding between serum HA and comorbidities further supports a role for serum HA as a potential biomarker. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Jordan, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, 3330 Thurston Bldg,CB 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Joanne_Jordan@med.unc.edu OI Luta, George/0000-0002-4035-7632; Luta, George/0000-0001-9013-2207 FU NIA NIH HHS [5P60 AG 11268, AG 15108]; NIAMS NIH HHS [5P60 AR 30701, T32 AR 07416] NR 37 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1002/art.20724 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 890JO UT WOS:000226507700014 PM 15641044 ER PT J AU Abramson, JL Hooper, WC Jones, DP Ashfaq, S Rhodes, SD Weintraub, WS Harrison, DG Quyyumi, AA Vaccarino, V AF Abramson, JL Hooper, WC Jones, DP Ashfaq, S Rhodes, SD Weintraub, WS Harrison, DG Quyyumi, AA Vaccarino, V TI Association between novel oxidative stress markers and C-reactive protein among adults without clinical coronary heart disease SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; oxidative stress; inflammation ID NF-KAPPA-B; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HEMODIALYZED PATIENTS; ANGIOTENSIN-II; OXIDIZED LDL; REDOX STATE; INFLAMMATION; ACTIVATION; CELLS; EXPRESSION AB Objective: Increases in the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) have been associated with a higher risk of incident coronary heart disease (CHD). The causes of increased CRP, however, are not completely understood. Studies suggest that oxidative stress may have proinflammatory effects, but data on the relationship between oxidative stress and CRP in healthy persons is sparse. Methods and Results: We conducted a cross-sectional study of oxidative stress markers and high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) among 126 adults without CHID. Markers of oxidative stress included the free oxygen radical test (FORT), which reflects levels of organic hydroperoxides. and the redox potential of the reduced glutathione/glutathione disulfide couple, (E-h) GSH/GSSG. In a linear regression model that adjusted for age, sex, body mass: index, and other potential hsCRP determinants, the FORT was positively associated with log-transformed hsCRP and explained 14% of log-transformed hsCRP variance (P < 0.001). In contrast, (Eh) GSH/GSSG showed little association with hsCRP. Conclusions: Among adults free of CHD, oxidative stress, as measured by the FORT, is significantly associated with higher hsCRP levels. independent of BMI and other CRP determinants. This result suggests that oxidative stress may be a determinant of CRP levels and promote pro-atherosclerotic inflammatory processes at the earliest stages of CHD development. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Wichita, KS 67214 USA. Robert J Dole Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Wichita, KS 67214 USA. RP Abramson, JL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Briarcliff Complex, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jabram3@emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR00039] NR 32 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 178 IS 1 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.08.007 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 889GL UT WOS:000226431400015 PM 15585208 ER PT J AU Caldwell, KL Hartel, J Jarrett, J Jones, RL AF Caldwell, KL Hartel, J Jarrett, J Jones, RL TI Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure multiple toxic elements in urine in NHANES 1999-2000 SO ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article AB Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has become a reliable and mature method for the measurement of both toxic and essential elements in biological matrices such as urine. We recently measured 12 elements (metals) in urine of 2,465 U.S. residents using a modified version of our previous multi-element inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method. The current method measures antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, cesium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, platinum, thallium, tungsten, and uranium in urine. Results have been presented in The Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals which can be accessed in its entirety on line at www.cdc.gov/exposurereport. Selected data will be presented in this paper. Examples of data in the report are the geometric mean for lead, with a sample size of 2465, was found to be 0.76 mug/L with a 95(th) percentile of 2.90 mug/L. Cadmium had a geometric mean of 0.33 mug/L, sample size of 2465, and a 95(th) percentile of 1.03 mug/L. Uranium, sample size 2464, had a geometric mean of 0.007 mug/L, with 0.026 mug/L 95(th) percentile. Tin and manganese were removed from the original panel: tin due to contamination in the ultra pure water system and manganese because of interferences in the mass spectrum. Cadmium and uranium were added to the panel. This paper describes the modifications that have been incorporated since the original method was published and presents reference ranges for the 12 elements measured. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Caldwell, KL (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM klc7@cdc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; OI Jarrett, Jeffery/0000-0001-5755-3552 NR 7 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERKIN-ELMER CORP PI SHELTON PA 710 BRIDGEPORT AVENUE, SHELTON, CT 06484 USA SN 0195-5373 J9 ATOM SPECTROSC JI Atom. Spectrosc. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 903TS UT WOS:000227449100001 ER PT J AU Conway, GA Mode, NA Berman, MD Martin, S Hill, A AF Conway, GA Mode, NA Berman, MD Martin, S Hill, A TI Flight safety in Alaska: Comparing attitudes and practices of high- and low-risk air carriers SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; aircraft crash; occupational injury; case-control study AB Introduction: Aircraft operations are a vital component of the transportation system in Alaska. Between 1990-2002, a total of 481 people died in Alaska in aviation accidents. The purpose of this study was to examine the practices and attitudes of Alaska commuter and air taxi operators and their pilots as they relate to company fatal accident rates. Methods: A case-control analysis based on accident statistics was performed, grouping operators and their pilots into cases and controls, based on operator fatal accident rates, during January 1990 to June 2001. Responses from two aviation safety surveys-one of air carrier operators and one of active commercial pilots-were compared between cases and controls. Results: The average case pilot had less career flight experience than control pilots and worked 13 h (.) d(-1) and 81 h wk(-1); that is, 1 h (.) d(-1) and 10 h (.) wk(-1) more than controls. Case operators were less likely to consider pilot fatigue a problem when scheduling flights (p = 0.05) and more likely to depend financially on timely delivery of bypass mail (p = 0.04). Case pilots were three times as likely as controls to fly daily into unknown weather conditions. Nearly 90% of case pilots reported that they never flew when so fatigued that they wanted to decline the flight, compared with 64% of control pilots (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Pilots of high-risk operators differed from those working for the other operators, both in experience and working conditions. The combination of pilot inexperience and longer work hours and workweeks may contribute to Alaska's high aviation crash rate. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Alaska Field Stn, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Social & Econ Res, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Conway, GA (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Alaska Field Stn, 4230 Univ Dr,Ste 310, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM gconway@cdc.gov RI Mode, Nicolle/A-6804-2011 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 886IC UT WOS:000226219300008 PM 15672987 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Domingo, JWS Meckes, MC AF Williams, MM Domingo, JWS Meckes, MC TI Population diversity in model potable water biofilms receiving chlorine or chloramine residual SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE chloramine; monochloramine; non-tuberculous mycobacteria; potable water; biofilm; chlorine ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM SIMULATOR; FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; DRINKING-WATER; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; BACTERIA; COLIFORMS; MONOCHLORAMINE; ENUMERATION AB Most water utilities use chlorine or chloramine to produce potable water. These disinfecting agents react with water to produce residual oxidants within a water distribution system (WDS) to control bacterial growth. While monochloramine is considered more stable than chlorine, little is known about the effect it has on WDS biofilms. Community structure of 10-week old WDS biofilms exposed to disinfectants was assessed after developing model biofilms from unamended distribution water. Four biofilm types were developed on polycarbonate slides within annular reactors while receiving chlorine, chloramine, or inactivated disinfectant residual. Eubacteria were identified through 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The model WDS biofilm exposed to chloramine mainly contained Mycobacterium and Dechloromonas sequences, while a variety of alpha- and additional beta-proteobacteria dominated the 16S rDNA clone libraries in the other three biofilms. Additionally, bacterial clones distantly related to Legionella were found in one of the biofilms receiving water with inactivated chlorine residual. The biofilm reactor receiving chloraminated water required increasing amounts of disinfectant after 2 weeks to maintain chlorine residual. In contrast, free chlorine residual remained steady in the reactor that received chlorinated water. The differences in bacterial populations of potable water biofilms suggest that disinfecting agents can influence biofilm development. These results also suggest that biofilm communities in distribution systems are capable of changing in response to disinfection practices. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov NR 39 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5-6 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1080/08927010500452695 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 019AW UT WOS:000235809000006 PM 16522541 ER PT J AU Cowan, AE Ching, PLYH Clark, SJ Kemper, AR AF Cowan, AE Ching, PLYH Clark, SJ Kemper, AR TI Willingness of private physicians to be involved in smallpox preparedness and response activities SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE PROVIDERS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; VACCINATION; BIOTERRORISM AB Background. The public health system continues its efforts to prepare for bioterrorist events, such as a smallpox outbreak, but may need to call on other health professionals to ensure sufficient capacity to implement preparedness plans. Objective. The goal was to understand the willingness of primary care physicians to participate in possible smallpox pre- or post-event activities. Methods. A 23-question mail survey was sent to a national random sample of 727 internists and 720 family physicians. After three mailings, a one-page version of the survey was sent to nonrespondents. Results. Response rates were 26 % for questions common to both surveys and 22 % for questions on the longer survey only. Respondents to the survey expressed moderate support for participating in certain smallpox pre- and post-event activities. Under a pre-event scenario, many providers would be willing to vaccinate first responders in their practice, and roughly one-third would be willing to vaccinate patients in their practice or to work in a public health clinic as a vaccinator. Most physicians, however, would be unwilling to be vaccinated themselves. Under post-event conditions, most providers would be willing to vaccinate their own patients, and many would vaccinate other community members in their practice. Conclusions. Despite the low response rate, information from this study on the smallpox preparedness activities in which physicians are most willing to participate can help to inform efforts by public health officials and private physicians to collaborate on bioterrorism preparedness efforts. C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, CHEAR Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cowan, AE (reprint author), 300 N Ingalls,Room 6E16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cowana@med.umich.edu NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1089/bsp.2005.3.16 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 919XN UT WOS:000228651000010 PM 15853451 ER PT J AU Kemper, AR Cowan, AE Ching, PLYH Davis, MM Kennedy, EJ Clark, SJ Freed, GL AF Kemper, AR Cowan, AE Ching, PLYH Davis, MM Kennedy, EJ Clark, SJ Freed, GL TI Hospital decision-making regarding the smallpox pre-event vaccination program SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE PROVIDERS AB Objectives: To understand the factors underlying the decision by U.S. hospitals to participate or not in the U.S. Smallpox Pre-Event Vaccination Program (SPVP). Methods: We conducted semistructured telephone interviews with a convenience sample of 123 hospital decision-makers in nine states between June and November 2003. Results: Within our sample, 88 hospitals (72%) decided to participate in the SPVP and 35 (28%) decided against doing so. Nearly all hospital decision-makers considered the risk of a smallpox outbreak, risks associated with vaccination, hospital costs, and the reaction of hospital stakeholders. However, these factors often were weighed differently by hospitals that decided to participate compared to those that did not. Fewer than half of all hospitals reported that public health officials played an important role in their decision-making process, but those that did felt the influence of public health officials was positive. Conclusions: Strengthening the linkage between the public and private health sectors may help to address some of the barriers to broader participation by hospitals in the SPVP and foster the success of smallpox outbreak response preparedness efforts in the future. C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, CHEAR Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kemper, AR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, CHEAR Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kempera@med.umich.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1089/bsp.2005.3.23 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 919XN UT WOS:000228651000011 PM 15853452 ER PT J AU Marshall, KM Begier, EM Griffith, KS Adams, ML Hadler, JL AF Marshall, KM Begier, EM Griffith, KS Adams, ML Hadler, JL TI A population survey of smallpox knowledge, perceptions, and healthcare-seeking behavior surrounding the Iraq invasion - Connecticut 2002-03 SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION; EMERGENCY; PROVIDERS AB Background. Knowledge and perceptions about smallpox would probably influence public behavior following an intentional smallpox release. We assessed public knowledge, perceptions, and related healthcare-seeking behavior in Connecticut during the period of heightened interest in smallpox preparedness surrounding the Iraq invasion. Methods. Smallpox-related questions were added to Connecticut's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, an ongoing statewide adult population-based survey during December 2002-July 2003 and November-December 2003. Results. Among 4,074 respondents, when asked about a hypothetical febrile illness, 72% would first contact their primary care provider (PCP) on weekdays. During nights and weekends, respondents would depend nearly equally on PCPs and emergency departments (37% versus 36%). Most knew smallpox is transmissible from person to person (72%) but not that the majority infected with smallpox survive (38%) or that smallpox is most contagious after the appearance of rash (11%). Knowledge regarding transmissibility and mortality improved during the study period (p < 0.001). Only 31% recognized that vaccinia vaccine is riskier than routine vaccines; 41% would choose vaccination if available. Concern about smallpox's potential use as a weapon was high but decreased after President Bush declared "mission accomplished" in Iraq in May 2003 (P < 0.001). Conclusions. Despite national coverage of smallpox by the media, most respondents lacked basic knowledge regarding the disease. Incorrect perceptions regarding vaccinia vaccine's risks could increase inappropriate vaccine demand among nonexposed people with vaccine contraindications during a mass vaccination campaign. Current perceptions should inform future smallpox preparedness planning. In addition, both PCPs and emergency medicine clinicians should be targeted for education regarding smallpox diagnosis. C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Infect Dis, Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Risk Factor Surveillance Syst, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. RP Marshall, KM (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM katherine.marshall@po.state.ct.us NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 3 BP 246 EP 255 DI 10.1089/bsp.2005.3.246 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 967EV UT WOS:000232075200007 PM 16181047 ER PT J AU Reeves, WC Wagner, D Nisenbaum, R Jones, JF Gurbaxani, B Solomon, L Papanicolaou, DA Unger, ER Vernon, SD Heim, C AF Reeves, William C. Wagner, Dieter Nisenbaum, Rosane Jones, James F. Gurbaxani, Brian Solomon, Laura Papanicolaou, Dimitris A. Unger, Elizabeth R. Vernon, Suzanne D. Heim, Christine TI Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - A clinically empirical approach to its definition and study SO BMC MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: The lack of standardized criteria for defining chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has constrained research. The objective of this study was to apply the 1994 CFS criteria by standardized reproducible criteria. Methods: This population-based case control study enrolled 227 adults identified from the population of Wichita with: (1) CFS (n = 58); (2) non-fatigued controls matched to CFS on sex, race, age and body mass index (n = 55); (3) persons with medically unexplained fatigue not CFS, which we term ISF (n = 59); (4) CFS accompanied by melancholic depression (n = 27); and (5) ISF plus melancholic depression (n = 28). Participants were admitted to a hospital for two days and underwent medical history and physical examination, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, and laboratory testing to identify medical and psychiatric conditions exclusionary for CFS. Illness classification at the time of the clinical study utilized two algorithms: (1) the same criteria as in the surveillance study; (2) a standardized clinically empirical algorithm based on quantitative assessment of the major domains of CFS (impairment, fatigue, and accompanying symptoms). Results: One hundred and sixty-four participants had no exclusionary conditions at the time of this study. Clinically empirical classification identified 43 subjects as CFS, 57 as ISF, and 64 as not ill. There was minimal association between the empirical classification and classification by the surveillance criteria. Subjects empirically classified as CFS had significantly worse impairment (evaluated by the SF-36), more severe fatigue (documented by the multidimensional fatigue inventory), more frequent and severe accompanying symptoms than those with ISF, who in turn had significantly worse scores than the not ill; this was not true for classification by the surveillance algorithm. Conclusion: The empirical definition includes all aspects of CFS specified in the 1994 case definition and identifies persons with CFS in a precise manner that can be readily reproduced by both investigators and clinicians. C1 [Reeves, William C.; Wagner, Dieter; Nisenbaum, Rosane; Jones, James F.; Gurbaxani, Brian; Solomon, Laura; Unger, Elizabeth R.; Vernon, Suzanne D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nisenbaum, Rosane] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Solomon, Laura] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Current Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Papanicolaou, Dimitris A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Papanicolaou, Dimitris A.] Merck & Co Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. [Heim, Christine] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wcr1@cdc.gov; dieter_krefeld@web.de; NisenbaumR@smh.toronto.on.ca; jaj9@cdc.gov; buw8@cdc.gov; zfk9@cdc.gov; dimitris_papanicolaou@merck.com; eru0@cdc.gov; sdv2@cdc.gov; cmheim@emory.edu RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009; OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was fully funded by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 18 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 2 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7015 J9 BMC MED JI BMC Med. PY 2005 VL 3 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1741-7015-3-19 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA V22MY UT WOS:000208280500019 PM 16356178 ER PT S AU Vesper, HW Licea-Perez, H Meyers, T Ospina, M Myers, GL AF Vesper, HW Licea-Perez, H Meyers, T Ospina, M Myers, GL BE Friedman, M Mottram, D TI Pilot study on the impact of potato chips consumption on biomarkers of acrylamide exposure SO CHEMISTRY AND SAFETY OF ACRYLAMIDE IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Chemistry and Safety of Acrylamide in Food CY MAR 29-31, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE acrylamide; glycidamide; hemoglobin adducts; LC-MS/MS; potato chips; pilot study ID HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; MAILLARD REACTION; GLYCIDAMIDE; ACRYLONITRILE AB Food is assumed to be one major source of acrylamide exposure in the general population. Acrylamide exposure is usually assessed by measuring hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and its primary metabolite glycidamide as biomarkers. Little is known about the impact of acrylamide in food on biomarkers of acrylamide exposure. Therefore, CDC is conducting a feeding study to investigate the effect of consumption of endogenous acrylamide in food on biomarkers of acrylamide exposure. As part of this study, we performed a pilot study to obtain further information on the magnitude of the changes in biomarker levels after consumption of high amounts of potato chips (21 ounces) over a short period of time (I week) in non-smokers. After I week, biomarkers levels increased up to 46% for acrylamide adducts and 79% for glycidamide adducts. The results indicate that changes in biomarker levels due to consumption of potato chips can be detected. However, because of the design of this pilot study, the observed magnitude of change cannot. be generalized and needs to be confirmed in the main study. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 477 Buford Hwy NE,MS F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM HVesper@cdc.gov RI Ospina, Maria/C-5111-2012 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0065-2598 BN 0-387-23920-0 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2005 VL 561 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Toxicology GA BDB40 UT WOS:000232360300007 PM 16438291 ER PT S AU Ospina, M Vesper, HW Licea-Perez, H Meyers, T Mi, LC Myers, G AF Ospina, M Vesper, HW Licea-Perez, H Meyers, T Mi, LC Myers, G BE Friedman, M Mottram, D TI LC/MS/MS method for the analysis of acrylamide and glycidamide hemoglobin adducts SO CHEMISTRY AND SAFETY OF ACRYLAMIDE IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Chemistry and Safety of Acrylamide in Food CY MAR 29-31, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE acrylamide; glycidamide; hemoglobin adducts; LC/MS/MS AB Hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and its primary metabolite, glycidamide are used as biomarkers of acrylamide exposure. Several methods for analyzing these biomarkers in blood have been described previously. These methods were developed to analyze small numbers of samples, not the high sample throughput that is needed in population screening. Obtaining data on exposure of the US population to acrylamide through food and other sources is important to initiate appropriate public health activities. As part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention biomonitoring activities, we developed a high throughput liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide. The LC/MS/MS method consists of using the Edman reaction and isolating the reaction products by protein precipitation and solid-phase extraction (SPE). Quantitation is achieved by using stable-isotope labeled peptides as internal standards. The method is performed on an automated liquid handling and SPE system. It provides good sensitivity in the low-exposure range as assessed in pooled samples and enables differentiation between smokers and non smokers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ospina, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 477 Buford Highway,MS-F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MOspina@cdc.gov RI Ospina, Maria/C-5111-2012 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0065-2598 BN 0-387-23920-0 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2005 VL 561 BP 97 EP 107 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Toxicology GA BDB40 UT WOS:000232360300008 PM 16438292 ER PT J AU Fleck, RA Romero-Steiner, S Nahm, MH AF Fleck, RA Romero-Steiner, S Nahm, MH TI Use of HL-60 cell line to measure opsonic capacity of pneumococcal antibodies SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA-CELLS; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; FC-GAMMA-RIIA; OPSONOPHAGOCYTIC KILLING ASSAY; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE C1 Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Fleck, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Blanche Lane S Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. EM rfleck@nibsc.ac.uk OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768; Nahm, Moon/0000-0002-6922-1042 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-30021, N01AI30021] NR 97 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.1.19-27.2005 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 901GU UT WOS:000227271800001 PM 15642980 ER PT J AU Little, RR Vesper, H Rohlfing, CL Ospina, M Safar-Pour, S Roberts, WL AF Little, RR Vesper, H Rohlfing, CL Ospina, M Safar-Pour, S Roberts, WL TI Validation by a mass spectrometric reference method of use of boronate affinity chromatography to measure glycohemoglobin in the presence of hemoglobin S and C traits SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN BLOOD; COMPLICATIONS; GLUCOSE C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Anat Sci, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Utah, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Little, RR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Anat Sci, 1 Hosp Dr, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. EM littler@health.missouri.edu RI Ospina, Maria/C-5111-2012; OI Little, Randie/0000-0001-6450-8012 NR 14 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 51 IS 1 BP 264 EP 265 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 883DS UT WOS:000225991100057 PM 15563476 ER PT J AU Cooper, GR Caudill, SP Myers, GL Duerr, GM AF Cooper, GR Caudill, SP Myers, GL Duerr, GM TI Comparison of HDLC homogeneous and conventional methods reported by participants in the CDC-NHLBI Lipid Standardization Program SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Lockheed Martin, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PY 2005 VL 51 SU 6 BP A136 EP A136 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 930YH UT WOS:000229452500442 ER PT J AU Dasti, M Kimberly, MM Caudill, SP Myers, GL AF Dasti, M Kimberly, MM Caudill, SP Myers, GL TI Statistical basis for new Cholesterol Reference Method Laboratory Network programs for manufacturers for certification and recertification of total cholesterol methods SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PY 2005 VL 51 SU 6 BP A136 EP A136 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 930YH UT WOS:000229452500441 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Satterfield, MB Sniegoski, LT Zhang, N Hornikova, A Pfeiffer, CM Welch, MJ AF Nelson, BC Satterfield, MB Sniegoski, LT Zhang, N Hornikova, A Pfeiffer, CM Welch, MJ TI Development of a serum-based standard reference material with certified values for homocysteine and folate SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PY 2005 VL 51 SU 6 BP A194 EP A194 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 930YH UT WOS:000229452500631 ER PT J AU Shahangian, S LaBeau, K AF Shahangian, S LaBeau, K TI Prothrombin time testing practices in the US Pacific Northwest, 2004 SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Shoreline, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PY 2005 VL 51 SU 6 BP A159 EP A159 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 930YH UT WOS:000229452500518 ER PT J AU Vesper, H Mi, L Archibold, E Myers, GL AF Vesper, H Mi, L Archibold, E Myers, GL TI Measurement of hemoglobin A1c by mass spectrometry using microwave-assisted protein digestion SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 CDC, NCEH, DLS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PY 2005 VL 51 SU 6 BP A245 EP A246 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 930YH UT WOS:000229452500791 ER PT J AU Zhang, M AF Zhang, M TI Reevaluation of the traditional microbiologic assay for serum folate measurement by comparison to LC/MS/MC SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PY 2005 VL 51 SU 6 BP A194 EP A195 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 930YH UT WOS:000229452500632 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, KA Armon, C Baron, A Moorman, AC Wood, KC Holmberg, SD AF Lichtenstein, KA Armon, C Baron, A Moorman, AC Wood, KC Holmberg, SD CA HIV Outpatient Study Invest TI Modification of the incidence of drug-associated symmetrical peripheral neuropathy by host and disease factors in the HIV outpatient study cohort SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International-AIDS-Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment CY JUL 13-16, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Int AIDS Soc ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; RISK-FACTORS; SENSORY NEUROPATHY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS; TOXICITY; 2',3'-DIDEHYDRO-3'-DEOXYTHYMIDINE; PHARMACOLOGY; POPULATION AB Background. We sought to identify factors associated with the clinical diagnosis of symmetrical peripheral neuropathy ( SPN) during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) in a retrospective, longitudinal cohort analysis. Methods. Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were evaluated for clinical signs of SPN and its association with immunologic, virologic, clinical, and drug treatment factors by means of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results. Of 2515 patients, 329 ( 13.1%) received a diagnosis of SPN. In the logistic regression analysis, statistically significant non - drug- based risk factors for SPN were age 140 years ( adjusted odds ratio [ aOR], 1.17), diabetes mellitus ( aOR, 1.79), white race ( aOR, 1.33), nadir CD4(+) T lymphocyte count <50 cells/ mm(3) ( aOR, 1.64), CD4(+) T lymphocyte count 50 - 199 cells/ mm(3) ( aOR, 1.40), and viral load >110,000 copies/ mL at first measurement ( aOR, 1.44). Although initial use of didanosine, stavudine ( 40 mg b. i. d.), nevirapine, or 4 protease inhibitors was associated with SPN ( ORs for all 4 treatments, >1.41), the strength of association decreased with continued use of all medications studied. Conclusion. Since HAART was introduced, the incidence of SPN has decreased. Host factors and signs of increased disease severity were associated with an increased risk of developing SPN during the initial period of exposure to drug therapy. Immunity improved and the risk of SPN decreased with continued use of HAART. Delaying the initiation of therapy may select those individuals who will be more likely to develop SPN, and earlier initiation of HAART may decrease the risk of developing this common problem, as well as increase the therapeutic effects and decrease the toxic effects of the drugs. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lichtenstein, KA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 4200 E 9th Ave,B168, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM didc.kal@juno.com NR 36 TC 91 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1 BP 148 EP 157 DI 10.1086/426076 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JK UT WOS:000227492300023 PM 15614705 ER PT J AU O'Hara, CM AF O'Hara, CM TI Manual and automated instrumentation for identification of Enterobacteriaceae and other aerobic gram-negative bacilli SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING SYSTEM; CLINICALLY IMPORTANT BACTERIA; IMPREGNATED PAPER STRIPS; RAPID SS/U SYSTEM; VITEK 2 SYSTEM; AUTOMICROBIC SYSTEM; BLOOD CULTURES; FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; BURKHOLDERIA-CEPACIA; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA AB Identification of gram-negative bacilli, both enteric and nonenteric, by conventional methods is not realistic for clinical microbiology laboratories performing routine cultures in today's world. The use of commercial kits, either manual or automated, to identify these organisms is a common practice. The advent of rapid or "spot" testing has eliminated the need for some commonly isolated organisms to be identified with the systems approach. Commercially available systems provide more in-depth identification to the species level as well as detect new and unusual strains. The answers obtained from. these systems may not always be correct and must be interpreted with caution. The patient demographics, laboratory workload and work flow, and technologists skill levels should dictate the system of choice. Cost considerations introduce another variable into the equation affecting choice. Each system has its own strengths and weaknesses, and each laboratory must decide on the level of sophistication that fulfills its particular needs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Diagnost Microbiol Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Hara, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Mailstop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmo1@cdc.gov NR 101 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 147 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.18.1.147-162.2005 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 891IU UT WOS:000226575300009 PM 15653824 ER PT J AU Watson, JT Jones, RC Siston, AM Diaz, PS Gerber, SI Crowe, JB Satzger, RD AF Watson, JT Jones, RC Siston, AM Diaz, PS Gerber, SI Crowe, JB Satzger, RD TI Outbreak of food-borne illness associated with plant material containing raphides SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease outbreaks; calcium oxalate; Araceae; toxic plants; food poisoning ID DIEFFENBACHIA; PHILODENDRON AB Background. Many botanicals, particularly ornamental houseplants, contain crystals of calcium oxalate called raphides. Raphides have known toxic effects when chewed, including painful edema, vesicle formation, and dysphagia. We report a food-borne illness outbreak associated with ingestion of raphides. Methods. On February 24, 2003, the Chicago Department of Public Health was notified of multiple cases of oral burning and facial edema associated with lunch in an office cafeteria on February 21. The investigation included a case-control study, interviews with kitchen staff, an environmental inspection, and laboratory analysis of leftover foods. Results. Ten cases were identified, including one admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for potential airway obstruction secondary to severe edema, and another seen by Emergency Department staff for oral edema and pain. Ten of 10 case-patients reported oral stinging and burning, and 8 of 10 reported dysphagia. Four of 10 case-patients continued to have symptoms 2 weeks later. Food from the cafeteria's international buffet was consumed by 10 of 10 case-patients and by I of 22 control subjects (odds ratio=undefined); each of the 10 case-patients reported consumption of a Chinese vegetable entree from the international buffet and had no other foods in common. Plant material from the Chinese vegetable entree contained raphides. Conclusion. This outbreak was associated with consumption of raphides resembling those from common botanicals. Clinicians and public health practitioners should be aware of raphide-containing plants as a potential cause of food-borne illness. C1 Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Forens Chem Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Watson, JT (reprint author), Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 2160 W Ogden Ave, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM watson_john@cdph.org NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1081/CLT-200044721 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 917PZ UT WOS:000228476400004 PM 15732442 ER PT J AU Heilig, CM Weijer, C AF Heilig, CM Weijer, C TI A critical history of individual and collective ethics in the lineage of Lellouch and Schwartz SO CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED CLINICAL-TRIALS; SEQUENTIAL MEDICAL TRIALS; PHASE-III; DESIGNS; ALLOCATION; PHYSICIAN; ATTITUDES; WINNER AB The notions of individual and collective ethics were first explicitly defined in the biostatistical literature in 1971 to motivate a mathematical solution to a posed ethical dilemma. This paper reviews key antecedents to these concepts and traces explicit references to them over time, primarily in the biostatistical literature. Following a historical exposition of these texts, a critical thematic analysis shows the following: the normative force of these concepts has not been adequately argued. Individual and collective ethics do not solve the problem of how to use accumulating data to inform ethical action. The notions of the "individual" and the "collective" are too vague to prompt clear moral imperatives, especially in difficult cases. These concepts have not been successfully linked to a standard ethical framework. Finally, the paper concludes with the observation that a systematic, comprehensive ethical framework must be identified to fulfill the intuitions behind individual and collective ethics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Bioeth, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Heilig, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE MS K21, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cheilig@cdc.gov RI Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008 OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310 NR 55 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU HODDER ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 1740-7745 J9 CLIN TRIALS JI Clin. Trials PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.1197/1740774505cn084oa PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 975GB UT WOS:000232647900014 PM 16279147 ER PT J AU Norris, SL Zhang, X Avenell, A Gregg, E Schmid, CH Lau, J AF Norris, SL Zhang, X Avenell, A Gregg, E Schmid, CH Lau, J TI Pharmacotherapy for weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; LIFE-STYLE MODIFICATION; LOW-CALORIE DIET; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; ENERGY RESTRICTED DIET; LONG-TERM CHANGES; FREE FATTY-ACIDS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE AB Background Obesity is closely related to type 2 diabetes and long-term weight reduction is an important part of the care delivered to obese persons with diabetes. Objectives To assess the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes. Search strategy Computerized searches were performed of MEDLINE (January 1966 to May 2004), EMBASE (January 1974 to May 2004, Web of Science (January 1981 to May 2004, and other electronic bibliographic databases, supplemented with hand searches of reference lists and selected journals. Selection criteria Randomized, controlled trials were included where pharmacotherapy was used as the primary strategy for weight loss among adults with type 2 diabetes. Published and unpublished literature in any language and with any study design was included. Data collection and analysis Two reviewers abstracted data and the quality of included studies was evaluated by assessing potential attrition, as well as selection and measurement bias, and a Jadad score was obtained. Effects were combined using a random effects model. Main results A sufficient number of studies were available for a quantitative synthesis for fluoxetine, orlistat, and sibutramine. Twenty two randomized controlled trials were included in the review, with a total of 296 participants for fluoxitine, 2036 for orlistat, and 1047 for sibutramine. Pharmacotherapy produced modest reductions in weight for fluoxetine (5.1 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3-6.9) at 24 to 26 weeks follow up; orlistat 2.0 kg (CI, 1.3 - 2.8) at 12 to 57 weeks follow-up, and sibutramine 5.1 kg ( CI, 3.2 - 7.0) at 12 to 52 weeks follow- up. Glycated hemoglobin also modestly and significantly reduced for fluoxetine and orlistat. Gastrointestinal side effects were common with orlistat; tremor, somnolence and sweating with fluoxetine; and palpitations with sibutramine. Some studies, using a variety of study designs, were available on other drugs and a significant decrease in weight was noted in three studies of mazindol, one of phenmetrazine, two of phentermine. No studies were identified that fit inclusion criteria for pseudophedrine, ephedra, sertraline, yohimbine, amphetamine or its derivatives, bupropion, topiramate, benzocaine, threachlorocitric acid, sertraline, and bromocriptine. Authors' conclusions Fluoxetine, orlistat, and sibutramine can achieve statistically significant weight loss over 12 to 57 weeks. The magnitude of weight loss is modest, however, and the long-term health benefits remain unclear. The safety of sibutramine is uncertain. There is a paucity of data on other drugs for weight loss or control in persons with type 2 diabetes. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Ctr Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Norris, SL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Ctr Control & Prevent, 4774 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM snorris@cdc.gov NR 259 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1469-493X J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2005 IS 1 AR CD004096.pub2 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD004096.pub2 PG 203 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 967ND UT WOS:000232097000030 ER PT J AU Feng, H Willemain, TR Shang, N AF Feng, H Willemain, TR Shang, N TI Wavelet-based bootstrap for time series analysis SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE long memory; long-range dependence; standard error; wavelet ID FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN-MOTION; STOCHASTIC-PROCESSES; JACKKNIFE; MODELS; REPRESENTATIONS AB Using wavelet domain analysis and modeling of stochastic processes, we develop a unified bootstrap scheme that can be applied to both short-range dependent and long-range dependent stationary Gaussian time series. Our idea was motivated by the fact that the discrete wavelet transform is capable of converting long-range dependence in the time domain into short-range dependence in the wavelet domain. Hence we can use a simple Markov model to model the short-range dependence in the wavelet domain. The Markov model is used to generate a new version ( the bootstrapped version) of the wavelet representation of the time series. The bootstrapped series is obtained by performing the inverse wavelet transform on the new wavelet representation of the original series. We compare our wavelet-based bootstrap with the moving block bootstrap for estimating the standard errors of the unit lag sample autocorrelation and the sample standard deviation. Our results show that the wavelet-based bootstrap can achieve performance better than the moving block bootstrap for both short-range dependent data and long-range dependent data. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Decis Sci & Engn Syst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Willemain, TR (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Decis Sci & Engn Syst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM willet@rpi.edu NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0918 J9 COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 393 EP 413 DI 10.1081/SAC-200055722 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 933HQ UT WOS:000229619900011 ER PT J AU Song, R Karon, JM AF Song, R Karon, JM TI Distributions of renewal variables when renewal process reaches a special event SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE equilibrium; gamma distribution; incidence; renewal process; window period AB Motivated by a problem in estimating the incidence of a disease with delayed onset of symptoms, the current, excess, and total life length distributions of a renewal process at a random event time point are considered. Distributions of these renewal variables at a random time point can be easily derived if we know their corresponding distributions at a fixed time point. Unfortunately, the distribution conditional on a fixed time point is usually not available since it requires solving a renewal equation and an explicit solution of the renewal equation rarely exists. In this article, we consider the situation where the time to a specific event is random and independent of the renewal process. We assume that the occurrence rate of the event is constant, in other words, the time to the event for each individual follows an exponential distribution. Under these assumptions, we derive the distributions for the renewal variables considered. We also derive the distribution of the total life when excess life is bounded by an independent random variable. Using results developed in this article, one can derive the distributions of the renewal variables considered front the distribution of the renewal process and vice versa. Our results show that when the incidence rate is small, the renewal distributions can be approximated by the corresponding asymptotic distributions under equilibrium. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emergint Corp, Louisville, KY USA. RP Song, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Rsong@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 2005 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1813 EP 1819 DI 10.1080/STA-200066307 PG 7 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 956AS UT WOS:000231271900009 ER PT S AU Kolli, VS Liu, H Pan, MH Pan, Y AF Kolli, VS Liu, H Pan, MH Pan, Y BE Sunderam, VS VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI A parallel implementation for determining genomic distances under deletion and insertion SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2005, PT 2 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2005) CY MAY 22-25, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Intel, IBM Corp, Microsoft Res, SGI Silicon Graph, Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Emory Univ, Inst Comparat & Int Studies, Emory Univ, Emory Coll, Emory Univ, Off Provost, Emory Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Springer AB As the need for comparing genomes of different species has grown dramatically with the fast progress of the Human Genome Project, the evolution at the level of whole genomes has attracted more and more attention from both biologists and computer scientists. They are especially interested in the scenarios in which the genome evolves through insertions, deletions, and movements of genes along its chromosomes. Marron et al proposed a polynomial-time approximation algorithm to compute (near) minimum edit distances under inversions, deletions, and unrestricted insertions. Our work is based on their algorithm, which carries out lots of comparisons and sorting to calculate the edit distance. These comparisons and sorting are extremely time-consuming, and they result in decrease of computational efficiency. We believe the time of the algorithm can be improved through parallelization. We parallelize their algorithm via OpenMP using Intel C++ compiler for Linux 7.1, and compare three levels of parallelism: coarse grain, fine grain and combination of both. The experiments are conducted for a varying number of threads and different lengths of the gene sequences. The experimental results show that either coarse grain parallelism or fine grain parallelism alone does not improve the performance of the algorithm very much. However, the use of combination of both fine grain and coarse grain parallelism improves the performance of the algorithm drastically. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workfoce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Publ Hlth Informat Fellow Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM hui.anitaliu@gmail.com; hdp1@cdc.gov; pan@cs.gsu.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26043-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3515 BP 1003 EP 1010 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCM76 UT WOS:000230023800127 ER PT J AU Widdowson, MA Bresee, JS Gentsch, JR Glass, RI AF Widdowson, MA Bresee, JS Gentsch, JR Glass, RI TI Rotavirus disease and its prevention SO CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; vaccine; disease burden; intussusception ID NEW-YORK-STATE; UNITED-STATES; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; SEROTYPE G9; VACCINE; CHILDREN; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; INFANTS; INTUSSUSCEPTION AB Purpose of review Rotavirus infection is the foremost cause of severe gastroenteritis of young children worldwide. Efforts to develop safe and effective vaccines resulted in licensure of the first live oral vaccine, tetravalent, rhesus-based rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV), which was incorporated into the US immunization schedule in 1998. Less than 1 year later, however, the vaccine was withdrawn when reports of cases of intussusception were linked to recent vaccination. This setback created significant hurdles as well as new opportunities for the development of the next generation of rotavirus vaccines. This review focuses on new information related to the clinical presentation and pathogenesis of rotavirus infection, the associated global disease burden, and the ongoing efforts to develop and introduce the next generation of rotavirus vaccines for widespread use. Recent findings Recent studies have confirmed that rotavirus infection is not confined only to the gut but can have extraintestinal manifestations, including viremia. Estimates of the global disease burden of rotavirus diarrhea have been refined and suggest that mortality has not declined, and that among hospitalized cases of diarrhea, the fraction associated with rotavirus has increased in many countries. In the United States, the estimated number of hospitalizations attributed to rotavirus has increased. Debate continues about the magnitude of the attributable risk of the association between RRV-TV and intussusception. Several new rotavirus vaccines are in late stages of development. One vaccine was licensed in Mexico in 2004 and a second has completed clinical trials in the United States and Europe and may be licensed within 2 to 3 years. Summary The tremendous burden of rotavirus diarrhea among children all over the world continues to drive the remarkable pace of vaccine development and the variety of approaches to creating rotavirus vaccines. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enteric Viruses Branch, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Widdowson, MA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enteric Viruses Branch, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zux5@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0267-1379 J9 CURR OPIN GASTROEN JI Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 881NQ UT WOS:000225874600006 PM 15687881 ER PT J AU Tran, TM Moreno, A Yazdani, SS Chitnis, CE Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR AF Tran, TM Moreno, A Yazdani, SS Chitnis, CE Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR TI Detection of a Plasmodium vivax erythrocyte binding protein by flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE malaria; flow cytometry; Plasmodium vivax; reticulocyte; erythrocyte binding assay; Duffy binding protein ID DUFFY-BLOOD-GROUP; RECEPTOR-BINDING; LIFE-CYCLE; FALCIPARUM; INVASION; ANTIGEN; IDENTIFICATION; RETICULOCYTES; MEROZOITES; SPECIFICITY AB Background: The malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax preferentially invades reticulocytes. It is therefore relevant for vaccine development purposes to identify and characterize P. vivax proteins that bind specifically to the surface of reticulocytes. We have developed a two-color flow cytometric erythrocyte binding assay (T-EBAs) that has several advantages over traditional erythrocyte binding assays (F-EBA) used in malaria research. We demonstrate the use of F-EBA using the P. vivax Duffy binding protein region II (PvDBP-RII) recombinant protein as a model. This protein binds to all erythrocytes that express the Duffy receptor (Fy) and discriminates binding between normocytes and reticulocytes. Methods: F-EBAs were performed by incubating freshly isolate Aotus nancymai, Macaca mulatta, Saimiri boliviensis, and human erythrocytes with PvDBP-RII, a fluorescent anti-His tag detection antibody, and thiazole orange before flow cytometric analysis. T-EBAs employing immunoblot detection with an anti-His antibody were performed concomitantly. Results: PvDBP-RII bound to A. nancymai, M. mulatta, and human Fy(+) erythrocytes, but not human Fy(-) erythrocytes, by F-EBAs and T-EBAs. However, F-EBAs exhibited higher sensitivity and better concordance between experiments compared with T-EBAs. Conclusions: F-EBA is a rapid, simple, and reliable method for quantifying the ability of malaria proteins to bind to the surface of erythrocytes. F-EBA can discriminate binding between erythrocyte subpopulations without enrichment protocols and may be more reliable and sensitive than T-EBAs in identifying novel erythrocyte binding proteins. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Int Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Malaria Res Grp, New Delhi, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Galinski, MR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM galinski@rmy.emory.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI52371-02, R01AI247-18] NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD JAN PY 2005 VL 63A IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20098 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 894XL UT WOS:000226824800007 PM 15584018 ER PT J AU Allweiss, P Tomlinson, D Finch, R Kelly, J AF Allweiss, P Tomlinson, D Finch, R Kelly, J TI A unique public private partnership for primary prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease at the worksite: a collaboration of CDC, GE Power and the National Business Group on Health SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-Diabetes CY SEP 10-15, 2005 CL Athens, GREECE SP European Assoc Study Diabet C1 CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. GE Power, Schenectady, NY USA. Natl Business Grp Hlth, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PY 2005 VL 48 SU 1 MA 160 BP A62 EP A62 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 962OX UT WOS:000231743200161 ER PT J AU Dabelea, D Maahs, DM Snively, BM Bell, RA Dolan, LM Hirsch, IB Imperatore, GA Liese, AD Mayer-Davis, EJ Pettitt, DJ Rodriguez, BL AF Dabelea, D Maahs, DM Snively, BM Bell, RA Dolan, LM Hirsch, IB Imperatore, GA Liese, AD Mayer-Davis, EJ Pettitt, DJ Rodriguez, BL CA SEARCH Diabetes Youth Study Grp TI High prevalence of elevated albumin excretion in youth with type 2 diabetes: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-Diabetes CY SEP 10-15, 2005 CL Athens, GREECE SP European Assoc Study Diabet C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Samsung Med Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PY 2005 VL 48 SU 1 MA 134 BP A53 EP A54 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 962OX UT WOS:000231743200135 ER PT J AU Maahs, DM Snively, BM Imperatore, GA Belle, RA Liese, AD Mayer-Davis, EJ Dolan, LM Pettitt, DJ Hirsch, IB Rodriguez, BL Dabelea, D AF Maahs, DM Snively, BM Imperatore, GA Belle, RA Liese, AD Mayer-Davis, EJ Dolan, LM Pettitt, DJ Hirsch, IB Rodriguez, BL Dabelea, D CA SEARCH Diabet Youth Study Grp TI Birth weight and elevated albumin/creatinine ratio in youth with diabetes: the SEARCH for diabetes in youth study SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-Diabetes CY SEP 10-15, 2005 CL Athens, GREECE SP European Assoc Study Diabet C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Samsum Med Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PY 2005 VL 48 SU 1 MA 893 BP A325 EP A325 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 962OX UT WOS:000231743202093 ER PT J AU Rewers, A Klingensmith, G Davis, C Pettiti, D Pihoker, C Rodriguezs, B Imperatore, G Williams, D Dolan, L Mayer-Davis, E Schwartz, D Dabelea, D AF Rewers, A Klingensmith, G Davis, C Pettiti, D Pihoker, C Rodriguezs, B Imperatore, G Williams, D Dolan, L Mayer-Davis, E Schwartz, D Dabelea, D TI Diabetic ketoacidosis at onset of diabetes in a representative sample of the US population SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-Diabetes CY SEP 10-15, 2005 CL Athens, GREECE SP European Assoc Study Diabet C1 Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, CA USA. Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PY 2005 VL 48 SU 1 MA 897 BP A326 EP A326 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 962OX UT WOS:000231743202097 ER PT J AU Bruce, M Parkinson, A Gessner, B AF Bruce, M Parkinson, A Gessner, B TI Does delayed testing of urea breath test samples effect results? SO DIGESTION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Bruce, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM zwa8@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0012-2823 J9 DIGESTION JI Digestion PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 BP 261 EP 261 DI 10.1159/000087052 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 958LH UT WOS:000231449300011 PM 16024932 ER PT J AU Hoffman, RE Greenblatt, J Matyas, BT Sharp, DJ Esteban, E Hodge, K Liang, A AF Hoffman, RE Greenblatt, J Matyas, BT Sharp, DJ Esteban, E Hodge, K Liang, A TI Capacity of state and territorial health agencies to prevent foodborne illness SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; UNITED-STATES AB The capacity of state and territorial health departments to investigate foodborne diseases was assessed by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists from 2001 to 2002 with a self-administered, Web-based survey. Forty-eight health departments responded (47 states and 1 territory). The primary reason for not conducting more active case surveillance of enteric disease is lack of staff, while the primary reasons for not investigating foodborne disease outbreaks are limited staff and delayed notification of the outbreak. Sixty-four percent of respondents have the capacity to conduct analytic epidemiologic investigations. States receiving Emerging Infections Program (EIP) funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention more often reported having a dedicated foodborne disease epidemiologist and the capability to perform analytic studies than non-EIP states. We conclude that by addressing shortages in the number of dedicated personnel and reducing delays in reporting, the capacity of state health departments to respond to foodborne disease can be improved. C1 Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta, GA USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. USDA, Alameda, CA USA. RP Hoffman, RE (reprint author), 8155 Fairmt Dr,Unit 511, Denver, CO 80230 USA. EM rehoffman49@msn.com FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U60/CCU 007277-10] NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 885HI UT WOS:000226147300003 PM 15705316 ER PT J AU Belongia, EA Kieke, B Lynfield, R Davis, JP Besser, RE AF Belongia, EA Kieke, B Lynfield, R Davis, JP Besser, RE TI Demand for prophylaxis after bioterrorism-related anthrax cases, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; LEVOFLOXACIN; RESISTANCE; CARE AB Media reports suggested increased public demand for anthrax prophylaxis after the intentional anthrax cases in 2001, but the magnitude of anthrax-related prescribing in unaffected regions was not assessed. We surveyed a random sample of 400 primary care clinicians in Minnesota and Wisconsin to assess requests for and provision of anthrax-related antimicrobial agents. The survey was returned by 239 (60%) of clinicians, including 210 in outpatient practice. Fifty-eight (28%) of those in outpatient practice received requests for anthrax-related antimicrobial agents, and 9 (4%) dispensed them. Outpatient fluoroquinolone use in both states was also analyzed with regression models to compare predicted and actual use in October and November 2001. Fluoroquinolone use as a proportion of total antimicrobial use was not elevated, and anthrax concerns accounted for an estimated 0.3% of all fluoroquinolone prescriptions. Most physicians in Minnesota and Wisconsin managed anthrax-related requests without dispensing antimicrobial agents. C1 Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr ML2, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belongia, EA (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr ML2, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM belongia.edward@mcrf.mfldclin.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU 515878] NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 885HI UT WOS:000226147300008 PM 15705321 ER PT J AU Siqueira, JB Martelli, CMT Coelho, GE Simplicio, ACD Hatch, DL AF Siqueira, JB Martelli, CMT Coelho, GE Simplicio, ACD Hatch, DL TI Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, Brazil, 1981-2002 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-FEVER; VIRUS; EPIDEMIC; ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCES; EMERGENCE AB In the last 5 years, Brazil has accounted for approximate to70% of reported dengue fever cases in the Americas. We analyzed trends of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) from the early 1980s to 2002 by using surveillance data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Two distinct epidemiologic patterns for dengue were observed: localized epidemics (1986-1993), and endemic and epidemic virus circulation countrywide (1994-2002). Currently, serotypes 1, 2, and 3 cocirculate in 22 of 27 states. Dengue and DHF affected mainly adults; however, an increase in occurrence of DHF among children has been recently detected in northern Brazil, which suggests a shift in the occurrence of severe disease to younger age groups. In 2002, hospitalizations. increased, which points out the change in disease severity compared to that seen in the 1990s. We describe the epidemiology of dengue in Brazil, characterizing the changing patterns of it and DHF during the last 20 years. C1 Minist Hlth, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Fed Univ Goias, Goiania, Go, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Siqueira, JB (reprint author), SAS, Secretaria Vigilancia Saude, Quadra 4,Bloco N,7o Andar Sala 715, BR-70070040 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM joao.siqueira@funasa.gov.br NR 34 TC 128 Z9 141 U1 3 U2 14 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 885HI UT WOS:000226147300009 PM 15705322 ER PT J AU Widdowson, MA Sulka, A Bulens, SN Beard, RS Chaves, SS Hammond, R Salehi, EDP Swanson, E Totaro, J Woron, R Mead, PS Bresee, JS Monroe, SS Glass, RI AF Widdowson, MA Sulka, A Bulens, SN Beard, RS Chaves, SS Hammond, R Salehi, EDP Swanson, E Totaro, J Woron, R Mead, PS Bresee, JS Monroe, SS Glass, RI TI Norovirus and foodborne disease, United States, 1991-2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; CONSUMPTION; ILLNESS; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SANDWICHES; EXPERIENCE; OYSTERS AB Efforts to prevent foodborne illness target bacteria[ pathogens, yet noroviruses (NoV) are suspected to be the most common cause of gastroenteritis. New molecular assays allow for better estimation of the role of NoV in foodborne illness. We analyzed 8,271 foodborne outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1991 to 2000 and additional data from 6 states. The proportion of NoV-confirmed outbreaks increased from 1% in 1991 to 12% in 2000. However, from 1998 to 2000, 76% of NoV outbreaks were reported by only 11 states. In 2000, an estimated 50% of foodborne outbreaks in 6 states were attributable to NoV. NoV outbreaks were larger than bacterial outbreaks (median persons affected: 25 versus 15), and 10% of affected persons sought medical care; 1% were hospitalized. More widespread use of molecular assays will permit better estimates of the role of NoV illness and help direct efforts to control foodborne illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Bur Community Environm Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Troy, NY USA. RP Widdowson, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Mailstop G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zux5@cdc.gov OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 35 TC 155 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 885HI UT WOS:000226147300016 PM 15705329 ER PT J AU Schroeder, CM Naugle, AL Schlosser, WD Hogue, AT Angulo, FJ Rose, JS Ebel, ED Disney, WT Holt, KG Goldman, DP AF Schroeder, CM Naugle, AL Schlosser, WD Hogue, AT Angulo, FJ Rose, JS Ebel, ED Disney, WT Holt, KG Goldman, DP TI Estimate of illnesses from Salmonella enteritidis in eggs, United States, 2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS AB Results from our model suggest that eating Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis-contaminated shell eggs caused 182,060 illnesses in the United States during 2000. Uncertainty about the estimate ranged from 81,535 (5th percentile) to 276,500 illnesses (95th percentile). Our model provides but 1 approach for estimating foodborne illness and quantifying estimate uncertainty. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Aerosp Ctr 333, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, College Stn, TX USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverside, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schroeder, CM (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Aerosp Ctr 333, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM carl.schroeder@fsis.usda.gov NR 8 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 113 EP 115 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 885HI UT WOS:000226147300019 PM 15705332 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Setterquist, SF Jirsa, SJ DesJardin, LE Erdman, DD AF Gray, GC Setterquist, SF Jirsa, SJ DesJardin, LE Erdman, DD TI Emergent strain of human adenovirus endemic in Iowa SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY FEB 29-MAR 03, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Soc Microbiol, Assoc Public Hlth Labs, Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, WHO ID LOWER RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; DISEASE; TYPE-7; SURVEILLANCE; ADULTS; JAPAN AB We evaluated 76 adenovirus type 7 (Ad7) isolates collected in Iowa from 1992 to 2002 and found that genome type Ad7d2 became increasingly prevalent. By 2002, it had supplanted all other Ad7 genome types. The association of Ad7d2 with severe illness and death calls for heightened public health concern. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Hyg Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, 200 Hawkins Dr,C21K GH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM gregory-gray@uiowa.edu NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 127 EP 128 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 885HI UT WOS:000226147300023 PM 15705336 ER PT J AU Srikantiah, P Charles, MD Reagan, S Clark, TA Pletz, MWR Patel, PR Hoekstra, RM Lingappa, J Jernigan, JA Fischer, M AF Srikantiah, P Charles, MD Reagan, S Clark, TA Pletz, MWR Patel, PR Hoekstra, RM Lingappa, J Jernigan, JA Fischer, M CA CDC SARS Clinical Investi TI SARS clinical features, United States, 2003 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; CORONAVIRUS INFECTION; OUTCOMES; PROGRESSION; PATIENT AB We compared the clinical features of 8 U.S. case-patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) to 65 controls who tested negative for SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Shortness of breath, vomiting, diarrhea, progressive bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph, and need for supplemental oxygen were significantly associated with confirmed SARS-CoV infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fischer, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mxf2@cdc.gov RI Pletz, Mathias/C-6848-2009 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 135 EP 138 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 885HI UT WOS:000226147300026 PM 15705339 ER PT J AU Manning, SE Lee, E Bambino, M Ackelsberg, J Weiss, D Sathyakumar, C Kornblum, J Barbot, O Johnson, D Kaplan, EL Layton, M AF Manning, SE Lee, E Bambino, M Ackelsberg, J Weiss, D Sathyakumar, C Kornblum, J Barbot, O Johnson, D Kaplan, EL Layton, M TI Invasive group A streptococcal infection in high school football players, New York City, 2003 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI; PREVENTION; CHILDREN; DISEASE; SPORTS AB After being notified that 2 high school football team-mates from New York City were hospitalized with confirmed or suspected invasive group A streptococcal infections, we conducted an investigation of possible spread among other team members. This investigation highlights a need for guidelines on management of streptococcal and other infectious disease outbreaks in team sport settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Streptococci, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Manning, SE (reprint author), 923 Peachtree St,739, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. EM aci6@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 146 EP 149 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 885HI UT WOS:000226147300029 PM 15705342 ER PT J AU Isakbaeva, ET Widdowson, MA Beard, RS Bulens, SN Mullins, J Monroe, SS Bresee, J Sassano, P Cramer, EH Glass, RI AF Isakbaeva, ET Widdowson, MA Beard, RS Bulens, SN Mullins, J Monroe, SS Bresee, J Sassano, P Cramer, EH Glass, RI TI Norovirus transmission on cruise ship SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; GASTROENTERITIS ABOARD; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; HAWAII; STRAIN AB An outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis affected passengers on two consecutive cruises of ship X and continued on 4 subsequent cruises despite a 1-week sanitization. We documented virus transmission by food and person-to-person contact, persistence of virus despite sanitization onboard, introduction of new strains, and seeding of an outbreak on land. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Bucks Cty Dept Hlth, Doylestown, PA USA. RP Widdowson, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MWiddowson@cdc.gov OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 14 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 154 EP 157 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 885HI UT WOS:000226147300031 PM 15705344 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Genre painting and the world's kitchen SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 188 EP 189 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 885HI UT WOS:000226147300046 ER PT B AU Gimnig, JE Hightower, AW Hawley, WA AF Gimnig, JE Hightower, AW Hawley, WA BE Takken, W Martens, P Bogers, RJ TI Application of geographic information systems to the study of the ecology of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases SO Environmental Change and Malaria Risk: Global and Local Implications SE WAGENINGEN UR FRONTIS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Environmental Change and Malaria Risk CY NOV, 2003 CL Wageningen, NETHERLANDS SP Netherlands Fdn Adv Trop Res, Natl Programme Res Climate Change & Air Qual DE geographic information systems; remote sensing; mosquitoes; malaria ID TREATED BED NETS; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WESTERN KENYA; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; EARTH-OBSERVATION; CHILD-MORTALITY; LARVAL HABITATS; VECTORS AB Geographic information systems (GIS) are powerful computer mapping and analysis systems for studying spatial patterns and processes; they are applicable to numerous disciplines, including the study of mosquito ecology. The distribution of mosquitoes is largely dependent upon the spatial distribution of their larval breeding sites, their flight range and the spatial distribution of their preferred hosts. These are all heterogeneous in space and time and GIS therefore has many potential applications to the study of mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit. GIS may be used to map and analyse the spatial distribution of mosquitoes and to assess the ecological factors that contribute to observed distributions. A detailed understanding of what drives heterogeneities in the distribution of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases can help to design better, more efficient control programmes that maximize the use of limited resources. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gimnig, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3927-1 J9 WAG UR FRON PY 2005 VL 9 BP 27 EP 39 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BEF97 UT WOS:000237173700004 ER PT S AU Boothe, V Dimmick, WF Talbot, TO AF Boothe, V Dimmick, WF Talbot, TO BE Aral, MM Brebbia, CA Maslia, ML Sinks, T TI Relating air quality and environmental public health tracking data SO Environmental Exposure and Health SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Environmental Exposure and Health CY OCT 05-07, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Georgia Tech, WIT Transact Ecol Environm DE ozone; particulate matter; asthma; myocardial infarctions; case cross-over; exposure assessment ID CASE-CROSSOVER DESIGN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; POLLUTION AB Initiated in February 2004, the Public Health Air Surveillance Evaluation (PHASE) Project is a multi-disciplinary collaboration between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and three Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (EPHTN) state agencies. The objective of this project is to develop, evaluate, and demonstrate the advantages and limitations of different methods of generating air quality characterization data that could be systematically and routinely available to link with public health surveillance data as part of the Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boothe, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1746-448X BN 1-84564-029-2 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2005 VL 85 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BEE01 UT WOS:000236906600005 ER PT S AU Evans, MW AF Evans, MW BE Aral, MM Brebbia, CA Maslia, ML Sinks, T TI A dose reconstruction of air emissions from the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Oak Ridge TN, using historic air monitoring and emission data SO Environmental Exposure and Health SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Environmental Exposure and Health CY OCT 05-07, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Georgia Tech, WIT Transact Ecol Environm DE uranium hexafluoride; historic monitoring; dispersion modelling; dose reconstruction; air emissions AB As part of its mandated public health mission, ATSDR must determine whether historic air emissions from the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant represented a public health hazard to adjacent communities. ORGDP produced enriched uranium via gaseous or thermal diffusion of uranium hexafluoride (UF6; which undergoes rapid atmospheric transformation into hydrogen fluoride and uranium oxides). The dose reconstruction was accomplished using established air dispersion models and site-specific meteorological and historic air monitoring data to verify the use of both the modelling tools and the emission estimates. Air concentrations and doses to radionuclides were estimated using the standard air dispersion models. Meteorological data are from multiple weather years for two on-site stations. The Department of Energy has been collecting environmental measurements in soil, air, and water since at least 1953. Two stations adjacent to ORGDP were sampled for airborne gross alpha particulates since at least the mid-1960s. With some simplifying assumptions, there is good agreement between the historic gross alpha concentrations and those predicted from dispersion modelling. When combined with health-protective exposure assumptions, the estimated emission data and dispersed air concentrations provide a reliable basis for the public health determinations at this site. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Evans, MW (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1746-448X BN 1-84564-029-2 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2005 VL 85 BP 139 EP 148 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BEE01 UT WOS:000236906600016 ER PT S AU Maslia, ML Aral, MM AF Maslia, ML Aral, MM BE Aral, MM Brebbia, CA Maslia, ML Sinks, T TI Reconstructing historical contamination events: use of computational tools to assist environmental engineers and health scientists SO Environmental Exposure and Health SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Environmental Exposure and Health CY OCT 05-07, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Georgia Tech, WIT Transact Ecol Environm DE historical reconstruction; analytical models; probabilistic analysis; ACTS; water-distribution system model; EPANET; genetic algorithm; POGA ID EXPOSURE; SYSTEMS AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) assesses numerous historical and legacy hazardous waste sites as part of its congressionally mandated public health responsibilities. Because historical, site-specific, contaminant and exposure data may be very limited or non-existent, computational tools (models) are needed to answer environmental and healthrelated questions associated with exposure scenarios and the conduct of public health assessments. This paper summarizes two case studies that demonstrate the effective application and use of computational tools for reconstructing historical contamination and exposure events. The case studies demonstrate the application of an analytical multimedia computational tool-the analytical contaminant analysis transport system (ACTS) and a water-distribution system model (EPANET) that has been coupled with a progressive optimality genetic algorithm (POGA). The resulting application and use of these computational tools have allowed environmental engineers and health scientists at the ATSDR to assess numerous exposure scenarios so that public health managers could address issues related to health risks associated with contaminated public water supplies. These case studies also illustrate the different levels of assessment complexity-probabilistic screening level to research-that can be used to assess the impacts of historical contamination events. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Maslia, ML (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1746-448X BN 1-84564-029-2 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2005 VL 85 BP 175 EP 184 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BEE01 UT WOS:000236906600019 ER PT S AU Ospina, M Vesper, H Meyers, T Smith, A Gray, G Ingham, L Myers, G AF Ospina, M Vesper, H Meyers, T Smith, A Gray, G Ingham, L Myers, G BE Aral, MM Brebbia, CA Maslia, ML Sinks, T TI A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of biomarkers of acrylamide exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE AND HEALTH SE WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Environmental Exposure and Health CY OCT 05-07, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Georgia Tech, WIT Transact Ecol Environm DE biomarkers of exposure; hemoglobin adducts; mass spectrometry ID HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; CARCINOGEN; SMOKING AB Acrylamide is a widely used industrial chemical. It has attracted attention since being found to occur in a variety of fried and oven-baked foods. Acrylamide is a known neurotoxin shown to be carcinogenic in animals. It is classified as a potential human carcinogen. Acrylamide and one of its main metabolites, glycidamide, form adducts with hemoglobin, which can be used as biomarkers of acrylamide exposure. More data are need to ascertain the effects of acrylamide on public health. Current methods have been designed to measure acrylamide in exposed people with high acrylamide biomarker concentrations. However, biomarker levels in the general population are significantly lower. Therefore, one critical aspect for measuring acrylamide in the general population is appropriate sensitivity of the instruments used. We performed systematic liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) studies to determine the optimal instrument conditions using commonly used techniques and newly developed LC/MS/MS conditions. Results from different ionization techniques and conditions show that the sensitivity can be increased sixfold using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization instead of electrospray ionization. Sensitivity was improved another tenfold by using a redesigned instrument. Using 50 mg globin, the detection limits for these hemoglobin adducts are 7 pmol/g globin for glycidamide adducts and 3 pmol/g globin for acrylamide adducts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ospina, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1743-3541 BN 1-84564-029-2 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR JI WIT Trans. Ecol. Environ. PY 2005 VL 85 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BEE01 UT WOS:000236906600020 ER PT S AU Vesper, HW Ospina, M Meyers, T Smith, A Ingham, L Gray, G Myers, GL AF Vesper, HW Ospina, M Meyers, T Smith, A Ingham, L Gray, G Myers, GL BE Aral, MM Brebbia, CA Maslia, ML Sinks, T TI Assessing human exposure to acrylamide SO Environmental Exposure and Health SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Environmental Exposure and Health CY OCT 05-07, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Georgia Tech, WIT Transact Ecol Environm DE acrylamide; glycidamide; exposure assessment; hemoglobin adducts ID HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; MAILLARD REACTION; GLYCIDAMIDE; BIOMARKERS; ACRYLONITRILE; CARCINOGEN; WORKERS AB Acrylamide is considered as probably carcinogenic to humans. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) rates it as a Group 2A reagent. Therefore, human exposure to acrylamide in occupational settings has been of concern for a long time. Until recently, tobacco smoke was assumed to be the only major source of acrylamide exposure in the general population. Now, it is well established that acrylamide is formed in food during processing or cooking at high temperatures. Surveys showed that acrylamide can be found in most types of food, with highest amounts measured in French flies and potato chips. The concentrations found in some foods exceed the concentrations found for other environmental contaminants, such as pesticides. The Division of Laboratory Sciences at CDC's National Center for Environmental Health, through a biomonitoring program project, is assessing people's exposure to this chemical. The goal is to better assess the magnitude and distribution of human exposure to acrylamide and risks associated with this exposure in the general population. Project researchers are measuring biomarkers of exposure such as hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and its primary metabolite glycidamide. First assessments show that biomarker levels mainly range between 27 pmol/g globin and 148 pmol/g globin for acrylamide and glycidamide adducts, respectively. Biomarker values in smokers are about 3 to 4 times higher than in non-smokers. An initial study looked at the effects of acrylamide in food on biomarkers of acrylamide exposure. Results indicate that acrylamide consumed through food has a more profound effect on glycidamide adduct levels than on acrylamide adduct levels. The acrylamide biomarker concentrations determined so far are within the range reported by other investigators. Smoking appears to be an important contributor to the background exposure found in people. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1746-448X BN 1-84564-029-2 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2005 VL 85 BP 195 EP 203 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BEE01 UT WOS:000236906600021 ER PT S AU Fay, M AF Fay, M BE Aral, MM Brebbia, CA Maslia, ML Sinks, T TI Exposure to contaminant mixtures at US hazardous waste sites SO Environmental Exposure and Health SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Environmental Exposure and Health CY OCT 05-07, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Georgia Tech, WIT Transact Ecol Environm DE hazardous waste sites; exposure; contaminants; chemical mixtures; combinations AB The Chemical Mixtures Program of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) studied the frequency of exposure to chemical mixtures at hazardous waste sites (HWSs) in the United States by analyzing contaminants found in completed exposure pathways (CEPs). CEPs are documented pathways in which exposure likely occurred. Data from 1,706 HWSs reveal that CEPs occurred at 743 (44%) of the sites. Of these, 588 sites had two or more substances in a CEP. Thus, exposure to mixtures occurred at 79% of the sites with exposure (588/743). However, sites often have more than 1 pathway, and pathways with a single contaminant are common. The number of exposure pathways with two or more chemicals is estimated to be approximately half of all CEPs. This estimate does not include exposure by multiple pathways, so the extent of exposure to mixtures might be higher than the estimate. Further analysis revealed that exposure to simple mixtures consisting of 3, 4, and 5 components occurred at 475, 390, and 321 sites, respectively. Although 2 chemicals constitute a mixture, 64% of the 743 sites had 3 chemicals in a CEP, 52% had 4 chemicals in a CEP, and 43% had 5 chemicals in a CEP. Exposure to mixtures by specific media was as follows: water, 413 sites; soil, 255 sites; air, 113 sites; and biota (mainly fish), 53 sites. Overall, water pathways had mixtures more often for lower numbers of chemicals (2 to 8 chemicals), but the number of sites with mixtures in soil pathways surpassed the counts for water at (and above) 9 chemicals in the mixture. The maximum number of chemicals in a CEP was 62. In conclusion, about four-fifths of U.S. HWSs with exposure pathways have chemical mixtures in a CEP, and, more importantly, about half of CEPs have a chemical mixture. Thus, exposure to mixtures of chemicals is quite common at HWSs. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fay, M (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1746-448X BN 1-84564-029-2 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2005 VL 85 BP 227 EP 231 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BEE01 UT WOS:000236906600024 ER PT S AU Williamson, DM White, MC Poole, C Kleinbaum, D Vogt, R North, K AF Williamson, DM White, MC Poole, C Kleinbaum, D Vogt, R North, K BE Aral, MM Brebbia, CA Maslia, ML Sinks, T TI Distribution of immunoglobulins A, G and M among individuals living in communities potentially exposed to low-level environmental exposures SO Environmental Exposure and Health SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Environmental Exposure and Health CY OCT 05-07, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Georgia Tech, WIT Transact Ecol Environm DE immunoglobulin; environmental exposures; Superfund; community concerns AB Communities living near hazardous waste sites are concerned about what impact releases from these sites are having on their health. Although little is known about how the immune system is affected by exposure to hazardous substances at the low levels typically seen with environmental exposures, it has been postulated that living near a hazardous waste site can damage the immune system although these effects have rarely been studied. The purpose of this study is to re-evaluate immunoglobulin A, G and M levels from six cross-sectional studies conducted in the United States to determine whether individuals who live near several Superfund sites are more likely to have test results below or above the reference range than individuals who live in comparison areas with no Superfund site. The results indicate that: 1) individuals who live near a Superfund site were more likely to have IgA test results above the reference range than comparison area residents; 2) that individuals living closer to military bases were less likely to have IgA test results below the reference range than individuals who lived in the comparison neighborhood; and 3) residents who lived near the industrial complex in Kentucky with potential ambient air exposure to heavy metals and other chemicals were more likely to have IgG test results above the reference range than comparison area residents. Because the reference ranges used for this analysis were age- and sex-adjusted, the observed variability in immunoglobulin results is unlikely to be due to residual confounding by age and sex. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Williamson, DM (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1746-448X BN 1-84564-029-2 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2005 VL 85 BP 241 EP 247 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BEE01 UT WOS:000236906600026 ER PT S AU Charp, P Hanley, J AF Charp, P Hanley, J BE Aral, MM Brebbia, CA Maslia, ML Sinks, T TI Justification for soil sampling for Iodine-129 associated with the release of Iodine-131 from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO Environmental Exposure and Health SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Environmental Exposure and Health CY OCT 05-07, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Georgia Tech, WIT Transact Ecol Environm DE soil sampling; Iodine-131; Iodine-129; air modelling; thyroid ID SURFACE SOILS; THYROIDS; DEER; ANIMALS; CS-137 AB We will discuss the evaluation of air monitoring data and deer thyroid data related to radioactive iodine releases from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The radioactive iodines, estimated at 1.55 petaBecquerels (42,000 Curies) were released during chemical processing of nuclear reactor fuel rods during a procedure called RaLa. The RaLa process was designed to isolate and concentrate radioactive lanthanium used for early nuclear weapon design. The monitoring data were derived from air sampling locations in and around ORNL collected in the 1950s. Our evaluation suggests that atmospheric dispersion of Iodine-131 did not extend beyond ORNL site boundaries; thereby limiting human exposures. The dose reconstruction effort by the state of Tennessee that shows radioiodine-related thyroid doses over a 37 kilometer radius. The dose reconstruction effort was predominated by modeling efforts and includes many associated uncertainties. Among these included scrubber efficiencies, chemical forms of the iodine released, air dispersion models, and fate and transport of the iodines. Moreover, these uncertainties contribute to a typical thyroid dose 95% confidence interval covering 2 orders of magnitude. Because of these uncertainties and its potential impact on public health, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) believes that environmental soil sampling could help better identify the impacted area. In support of the soil sampling, we will discuss how the current but unknown Iodine-129 concentrations in soils can be used as a long-term retroactive surrogate for the dispersion of iodine. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Charp, P (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1746-448X BN 1-84564-029-2 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2005 VL 85 BP 439 EP 446 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BEE01 UT WOS:000236906600045 ER PT J AU Noji, EK AF Noji, EK TI Disasters: Introduction and state of the art SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLUSTER-SAMPLING METHOD; NEEDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 CDC, Washington Off, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Noji, EK (reprint author), CDC, Washington Off, 200 Independence Ave SW,Room 719-B, Washington, DC 20201 USA. EM exn1@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2005 VL 27 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxi007 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 939KR UT WOS:000230072100002 PM 15958421 ER PT J AU Sommer, A Mosley, WH AF Sommer, A Mosley, WH TI East Bengal cyclone of November 1970 - Epidemiological approach to disaster assessment SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Reprint C1 Ctr Dis Control, US Publ Hlth Serv, Program Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cholera Res Lab, Div Epidemiol, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Sommer, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, US Publ Hlth Serv, Program Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2005 VL 27 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 939KR UT WOS:000230072100004 PM 15958423 ER PT J AU Shultz, JM Russell, J Espinel, Z AF Shultz, JM Russell, J Espinel, Z TI Epidemiology of tropical cyclones: The dynamics of disaster, disease, and development SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; DIFFERENT MEDICAL NEEDS; HURRICANE-ANDREW; NATURAL DISASTERS; PUERTO-RICO; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; FLOOD DISASTER; MORBIDITY; CHILDREN; DEATHS C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Ctr Disaster Epidemiol & Emergency Preparedness, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shultz, JM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Ctr Disaster Epidemiol & Emergency Preparedness, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Highland Profess Bldg D-93,1801 NW 9th Ave, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM jshultz1@med.miami.edu NR 152 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2005 VL 27 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxi011 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 939KR UT WOS:000230072100005 PM 15958424 ER PT J AU Anderson, JL Waller, DK Canfield, MA Shaw, GM Watkins, ML Werler, MM AF Anderson, JL Waller, DK Canfield, MA Shaw, GM Watkins, ML Werler, MM TI Maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, and central nervous system birth defects SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; EARLY-PREGNANCY; EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; RISK; MALFORMATIONS; MELLITUS; MOTHERS; WOMEN AB Background: Maternal obesity and diabetes are both associated with increased risk of congenital central nervous system (CNS) malformations in the offspring and may share a common underlying mechanism. Our objective was to evaluate whether gestational diabetes influenced the association of prepregnancy maternal obesity and risks for CNS birth defects. Methods: This Texas population-based case-control study evaluated births occurring January 1997 through June 2001. Data came from structured telephone interviews. Cases (n = 477) were mothers of offspring with anencephaly (n = 120), spina bifida (n = 184), holoprosencephaly (n = 49), or isolated hydrocephaly (n = 124). Controls (n = 497) were mothers of live infants without abnormalities randomly selected from the same hospitals as cases. Response rates were approximately 60% for both cases and controls. We evaluated maternal obesity (body mass index greater than or equal to30.0 kg/m(2)) and risks for CNS birth defects, as well as whether gestational diabetes influenced the risks. Results: After adjusting for maternal ethnicity, age, education, smoking, alcohol use, and periconceptional vitamin use, obese women had substantially increased risks of delivering offspring with anencephaly (odds ratio = 2.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.2-4.3), spina bifida (2.8; 1.7-4.5), or isolated hydrocephaly (2.7; 1.5-5.0), but not holoprosencephaly (1.4; 0.5-3.8). Odds ratios were higher for the joint effects of maternal obesity and gestational diabetes, with evidence for interaction on a multiplicative scale. Conclusions: Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes may increase the risk of CNS birth defects through shared causal mechanisms. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Div, Bur Epidemiol, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Slone Epidemiol Unit, Brookline, MA 02146 USA. RP Anderson, JL (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, Coll Publ & Allied Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Box 70674, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. EM andersjl@etsu.edu OI Werler, Martha/0000-0003-3392-6814 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU613232] NR 35 TC 99 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000147122.97061.bb PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 884JA UT WOS:000226079600013 PM 15613950 ER PT J AU Nicoletti, A Bartoloni, A Sofia, V Bartalesi, F Chavez, JR Osinaga, R Paradisi, F Dumas, JL Tsang, VCW Reggio, A Hall, AJ AF Nicoletti, A Bartoloni, A Sofia, V Bartalesi, F Chavez, JR Osinaga, R Paradisi, F Dumas, JL Tsang, VCW Reggio, A Hall, AJ TI Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in rural Bolivia: A population based survey SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th International Epilepsy Congress CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Int League Against Epilepsy, Int Bureau Epilepsy C1 Univ Catania, Dept Neurosci, I-95124 Catania, Italy. Univ Florence, Inst Infect Dis, Florence, Italy. Hlth Dist Cordillera Province, Camiri, Bolivia. Hosp San Juan Dios, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Univ Paris, Hop Avicenne, Paris, France. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PY 2005 VL 46 SU 6 BP 215 EP 216 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 964MN UT WOS:000231885301087 ER PT J AU Tian, H Bagiella, E Hauser, WA Thurman, D Hesdorffer, D AF Tian, H Bagiella, E Hauser, WA Thurman, D Hesdorffer, D TI Estimating the prevalence of epilepsy in northern Manhattan and use of the ED in prevalent epilepsy SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Annual Meeting of the American-Epilepsy-Society/American-Clinical-Neurophsiology-Society CY DEC 02-06, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Epilepsy Soc, Amer Clin Neurophysiol Soc C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Biostat, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Sergievsky Ctr, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PY 2005 VL 46 SU 8 BP 364 EP 364 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 973RK UT WOS:000232540101445 ER PT J AU Mahy, BWJ AF Mahy, BWJ TI Introduction and history of foot-and-mouth disease virus SO FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID UK AB Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has been recognized as a significant epidemic disease threatening the cattle industry since the sixteenth century, and in the late nineteenth century it was shown by Loeffler and Frosch to be caused by a submicroscopic, filterable transmissible agent, smaller than any known bacteria. The agent causing FMD was thus the first virus of vertebrates to be discovered, soon after the discovery of tobacco mosaic virus of plants. It was not until 1920 that a convenient animal model for the study of FMD virus was established by Waldmann and Pape, using guinea-pigs, and with the later development of in vitro cell culture systems for the virus, the chemical and physical properties of FMD virus were elucidated during the remainder of the twentieth century, culminating in 1989 with a complete description of the three-dimensional structure of the virion. FMD virus is classified as a species in the Aphthovirus genus of the family Picornaviridae. The virus is acid labile, and the genome RNA contains a characteristic tract of polyC located about 360 nucleotides from the 5' terminus. Seven main serotypes exist throughout the world, as well as numerous subtypes. The World Reference Laboratory for FMD is located at Pirbright, Surrey, UK and undertakes surveillance of FMD epidemics by serotyping as well as by genotyping isolates of the virus. A major epidemic of FMD occurred in the UK in 2001 and was caused by a virulent strain of FMD virus with origins in Asia. The advantages and some disadvantages of controlling FMD outbreaks by vaccination are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mahy, BWJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM bxm1@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2005 VL 288 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BBV51 UT WOS:000228029600001 PM 15648172 ER PT J AU Gwinn, MR Leonard, SS Pack, DL Vallyathan, V AF Gwinn, MR Leonard, SS Pack, DL Vallyathan, V TI The role of p53 in silica-induced carcinogenicity SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Annual Meeting Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 16-20, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 CDC, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2005 VL 39 SU 1 BP S72 EP S72 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 985VL UT WOS:000233406700200 ER PT B AU Crawford, CAG Young, LJ AF Crawford, CAG Young, LJ BE Renard, P DemougeotRenard, H Froidevaux, R TI Change of support: an inter-disciplinary challenge SO GEOSTATISTICS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Geostatistics for Environmental Applications CY OCT 13-15, 2004 CL Neuchatel, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Fed Stat Off, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Neuchatel, Univ Neuchatel, Ctr Hydrogeol, Banque Cantonale Neuchateloise, NCCR Plant Survival ID INTERPOLATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Crawford, CAG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-26533-3 PY 2005 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BDB87 UT WOS:000232413500001 ER PT J AU Sejvar, J Boneva, R Lane, JM Iskander, J AF Sejvar, J Boneva, R Lane, JM Iskander, J TI Severe headaches following smallpox vaccination SO HEADACHE LA English DT Article DE headache; smallpox vaccination; adverse events AB Headaches are common following smallpox vaccination; the re-introduction of civilian vaccination necessitates better understanding of the clinical features and outcome of postvaccination headache. We identified patients reporting headache following vaccination from among those reported to the U. S. Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System to characterize demographic and clinical features. One-hundred and eight reports were obtained from among 627 smallpox vaccine-related reports, including 15 hospitalized persons. None had neurologic dysfunction or acute laboratory abnormalities; headache resolved in all except 2 hospitalized patients within 3 months. Severe headache following smallpox vaccination is generally transient, but debilitating headache may occur and further characterization is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sejvar, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-8748 J9 HEADACHE JI Headache PD JAN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 87 EP 88 DI 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.t01-5-05013.x PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 882QK UT WOS:000225953200017 PM 15663622 ER PT J AU Iloeje, UH Yuan, Y L'Italien, G Mauskopf, J Holmberg, SD Moorman, AC Wood, KC Moore, RD AF Iloeje, UH Yuan, Y L'Italien, G Mauskopf, J Holmberg, SD Moorman, AC Wood, KC Moore, RD TI Protease inhibitor exposure and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients SO HIV MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; cardiovascular disease; HAART; protease inhibitors; treatment complications ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DEATH; TRENDS; DYSLIPIDEMIA; CHOLESTEROL; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY AB Objectives To study the relationship between exposure to protease inhibitor (PI) therapy and increased risk of cardiovascular events in HIV-infected patients. Methods We estimated the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events with PI exposure in a cohort of HIV-infected patients using a time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for the major CVD risk factors. Only the first CVD event for each subject was counted. Results Of a total of 7542 patients, 77% were exposed to Pls. CVD event rates were 9.8/1000 and 6.5/1000 person-years of follow-up (PYFU) in the PI-exposed and nonexposed groups, respectively (P = 0.0008). PI exposure greater than or equal to 60 days was associated with an increased risk of CVD event [adjusted hazards ratio (HRadj) 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-2.74; P = 0.03]. Results from a subgroup of patients aged between 35 and 65 years were similar (HRadj 1.90; 95% CI 1.13-3.20; P = 0.02). Other significant risk factors included smoking status, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and pre-existing CVD. Conclusions Patients exposed to PI therapy had an increased risk of CVD events. Clinicians should evaluate the risk of CVD when making treatment decisions for HIV-infected patients. C1 Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Pharmaceut Res Inst, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Pharmaceut Res Inst, Plainsboro, NJ USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, Austria. Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Iloeje, UH (reprint author), 5 Res Pkwy,Room EF 469, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. EM Uchenna.iloeje@bms.com NR 32 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-2662 J9 HIV MED JI HIV Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2005.00265.x PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 898CK UT WOS:000227053400007 PM 15670251 ER PT J AU Louis, GMB Schisterman, EF Dukic, VM Schieve, LA AF Louis, GMB Schisterman, EF Dukic, VM Schieve, LA TI Research hurdles complicating the analysis of infertility treatment and child health SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE assisted reproductive technologies; child health; correlated outcomes; design; hierarchical models ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY; TIME-TO-PREGNANCY; LONG-TERM RECALL; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; UNITED-STATES; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; MULTIPLE GESTATION; FOLLOW-UP; BORN AB Research aimed at the empirical evaluation of infertility treatment including assisted reproductive technologies (ART) on child health and development is hampered by investigators' inability to methodologically separate possible treatment effects from underlying fecundity impairments. While the literature continues to identify ART as a risk factor for many child health outcomes, less attention has been paid to the methodologic rigor needed to answer this question. We identify aspects of fecundity and the nuances of medical practice that need to be considered and captured when designing epidemiologic investigations aimed at assessing ART and child health. These include: (i) the use of prospective study designs in which the unit of analysis (cycle versus individual versus couple) is defined; (ii) data collection on relevant time-varying covariates at, before and during treatment; and (iii) the use of statistical techniques appropriate for hierarchical data and correlated exposures. While none of these issues in and by itself is unique to ART research, attention to these issues has been lacking in much of the published research limiting our ability to evaluate health consequences for children. Longitudinal studies of children conceived with ART will benefit from attention to these issues and, hopefully, produce answers to lingering questions about safety. C1 NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Hlth Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Louis, GMB (reprint author), NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 7B03, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM gb156i@nih.gov OI Dukic, Vanja/0000-0002-0348-0834; Schisterman, Enrique/0000-0003-3757-641X; Buck Louis, Germaine/0000-0002-1774-4490 NR 54 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1093/humrep/deh542 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 886AP UT WOS:000226199000004 ER PT J AU Schmechel, D Simpson, JP Lewis, DM AF Schmechel, D Simpson, JP Lewis, DM TI The production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the fungus Aspergillus versicolor SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2002) CY JUN 30-JUL 05, 2002 CL Monterey, CA SP Swedish Assoc Asthma & Allergy DE monoclonal antibodies; fungi; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; Aspergillus; exposure measurements ID INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS; HYDROPHOBINS; IMMUNIZATION; ALLERGENS; COMPLEX AB Fungal exposure measurements in indoor environments require accurate and precise monitoring methods. Such techniques may be based on monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and here we report the cross-reactivity patterns of Mabs produced against Aspergillus versicolor. Balb/c mice were immunized with the particulate fraction of homogenized spores and 46 Mabs (35 IgM, nine IgG(3), two IgG(1)) were produced and tested for cross-reactivity against 55 fungal species. None of the Mabs was found to be species-specific for A. versicolor. Several Mabs strongly cross-reacted with most Aspergillus, Penicillium and Eurotium species and some Mabs also cross-reacted with Paecilomyces variotii and several Cladosporium and Stachybotrys species. Our results show that antibody responses in mice against spores of A. versicolor are dominated by highly cross-reactive antibodies of the IgM isotype. The widespread cross-reactivity suggests that the specificity of antibodies to be used for the detection of fungi in environmental samples need to be thoroughly characterized in order to avoid ambiguities in the interpretation of monitoring results. Furthermore, accurate estimates of spore concentrations may require the application of species-specific Mabs in order to avoid bias in result interpretation because of the differential reactivity of cross-reactive Mabs with different fungi. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Schmechel, D (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S H-4020, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM dschmechel@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PY 2005 VL 15 SU 9 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00340.x PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 937QM UT WOS:000229940600003 PM 15910525 ER PT J AU Nakata, A Ikeda, T Takahashi, M Haratani, T Fujioka, Y Fukui, S Swanson, NG Hojou, M Araki, S AF Nakata, A Ikeda, T Takahashi, M Haratani, T Fujioka, Y Fukui, S Swanson, NG Hojou, M Araki, S TI Sleep-related risk of occupational injuries in Japanese small and medium-scale enterprises SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE sleep; occupational injury; safety; small and medium-scale enterprise; epidemiology ID JOB STRESS; MANUFACTURING COMPANY; WORKING POPULATION; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; POOR SLEEP; WORKERS; ACCIDENTS; INSOMNIA; AGE; PREVALENCE AB A cross-sectional study evaluated the contribution of daily sleep habits to occupational injuries. A self-administered questionnaire solicited answers about sleep, symptoms of depression, occupational injury, demographics, presence of diseases and lifestyle factors from 2,903 workers between the ages of 16-83 (mean 45) yr in small and medium-scale enterprises. Eight sleep habits were queried and dichotomized: 1) less or more than 6 hr of daily sleep, 2) taking more or less than 30 min to fall asleep (Difficulty initiating sleep; DIS), 3) awakening during sleep more or less than 3 times/wk (Difficulty maintaining sleep; DMS), 4) early morning awakening more or less than 3 times/wk (EMA), 5) definitely/somewhat difficulty waking up or not, 6) sleeping very poorly/not so well at night or not, 7) definitely/somewhat insufficient nightly sleep or not, and 8) difficulty in breathing during sleep more than once/week or less. Occupational injury was assessed by asking subjects 'Have you ever been injured during your work, including minor scratches and cuts (Yes/No)?' Both sleep and injury were assessed over the previous one year period. One-third of workers answered that they had experienced injury. Workers with sleep features of DIS, sleeping poorly at night, insufficient sleep, and insomnia had a significantly higher prevalence for injury after adjusting for multiple confounders. The findings suggest that poor nocturnal sleep habits are associated with self-reported occupational injury. C1 Natl Inst Ind Hlth, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ibaraki Prefectural Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing, Sch Hlth Sci, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Occupat Med, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, Tokyo, Japan. Ota Reg Occupat Hlth Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. RP Nakata, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Ind Hlth, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. RI Nakata, Akinori/A-2399-2008 NR 49 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL INST INDUSTRIAL HEALTH PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD JAN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.2486/indhealth.43.89 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 891YH UT WOS:000226616400015 PM 15732310 ER PT J AU Darko, CA Angov, E Collins, WE Bergmann-Leitner, ES Girouard, AS Hitt, SL McBride, JS Diggs, CL Holder, AA Long, CA Barnwell, JW Lyon, JA AF Darko, CA Angov, E Collins, WE Bergmann-Leitner, ES Girouard, AS Hitt, SL McBride, JS Diggs, CL Holder, AA Long, CA Barnwell, JW Lyon, JA TI The clinical-grade 42-kilodalton fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium falciparum strain FVO expressed in Escherichia coli protects Aotus nancymai against challenge with homologous erythrocytic-stage parasites SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; MALARIA VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; IN-VITRO; CRITICAL PATH; MONKEYS; INVASION; INHIBIT; GROWTH; IMMUNIZATION AB A 42-kDa fragment from the C terminus of major merozoite surface protein 1 (MSPI) is among the leading malaria vaccine candidates that target infection by asexual erythrocytic-stage malaria parasites. The MSP1(42) gene fragment from the Vietnam-Oak Knoll (FVO) strain of Plasmodium falciparum was expressed as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli and purified according to good manufacturing practices. This clinical-grade recombinant protein retained some important elements of correct structure, as it was reactive with several functional, conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies raised against P. falciparum malaria parasites, it induced antibodies (Abs) that were reactive to parasites in immunofluorescent Ab tests, and it induced strong growth and invasion inhibitory antisera in New Zealand White rabbits. The antigen quality was further evaluated by vaccinating Aotus naneymai monkeys and challenging them with homologous P. falciparum FVO erythrocytic-stage malaria parasites. The trial included two control groups, one vaccinated with the sexual-stage-specific antigen of Plasmodium vivax, Pvs25, as a negative control, and the other vaccinated with baculovirus-expressed MSPI,, (FVO) as a positive control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Ab titers induced by E. coli MSP1(42) were significantly higher than those induced by the baculovirus-expressed antigen. None of the six monkeys that were vaccinated with the E. coli MSPI,, antigen required treatment for uncontrolled parasitemia, but two required treatment for anemia. Protective immunity in these monkeys correlated with the ELISA Ab titer against the p19 fragment and the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain 2 fragment of MSP1(42), but not the MSP1(42) protein itself or the EGF-like domain 1 fragment. Soluble MSP1(42) (FVO) expressed in E. coli offers excellent promise as a component of a vaccine against erythrocytic-stage falciparum malaria. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. US Agcy Int Dev, USAID Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Parasitol, London NW7 1AA, England. RP Angov, E (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Evelina.angov@na.amedd.army.mil RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011; Holder, Anthony/A-7554-2013 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956; Holder, Anthony/0000-0002-8490-6058 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U117532067]; NIAID NIH HHS [YIAI-0438-03]; NIDCD NIH HHS [CDC C100-042] NR 41 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.1.287-297.2004 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 883TD UT WOS:000226037700029 PM 15618165 ER PT J AU Broadwell, SD Light, KC AF Broadwell, SD Light, KC TI Hostility, conflict and cardiovascular responses in married couples: A focus on the dyad SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE marital relationship; blood pressure; cardiac index; vascular resistance; social support; hostility; stress ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; AMBULATORY BLOOD-PRESSURE; LEFT-VENTRICULAR MASS; CYNICAL HOSTILITY; MARITAL CONFLICT; HEMODYNAMIC-RESPONSES; SELF-DISCLOSURE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; REACTIVITY; MEN AB This study examined the relations of one's own total trait hostility and one's spouse's hostility as influences on cardiovascular (CV) responses to couple interactions (including conflict discussions) in 45 married couples aged 24-50. Systolic blood pressure and cardiac index (CI) reactivity to conflict discussion and recovery after conflict was greater in low hostile males if they were interacting with high hostile wives (p <.02). Vascular resistance index (VRI) reactivity to interactions was greater in high hostile husbands with high hostile wives (p <. 05). Women showed no adverse CV effects of having a hostile spouse when their own hostility was low. Instead, seeming to anticipate the subsequent couple interactions, wives from duos in which both partners were high in hostility had higher baseline VRI levels and lower baseline CI compared to wives from duos in which both were low in hostility (ps <.05), and they simply maintained these group differences with no greater CV reactivity during the interactions. Findings suggest that CV responses before, during, and after marital discussions, particularly those characterized by conflict, may be influenced not only by one's own hostility but by the hostility of one's partner as well. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Light, KC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, CB 7175 Med Bldg A, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kalight@med.unc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00046]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL64927]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH10586] NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1070-5503 J9 INT J BEHAV MED JI Int. J. Behav. Med. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 3 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1203_3 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 957JO UT WOS:000231366300003 PM 16083317 ER PT J AU Kochanek, KD Martin, JA AF Kochanek, KD Martin, JA TI Supplemental analyses of recent trends in infant mortality SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES LA English DT Article ID PREMATURE RUPTURE; MEMBRANES; INDUCTION; VIABILITY; LABOR AB U.S. preliminary data for 2002 show a significant increase in the infant mortality rate to 7.0 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, the first rise in the infant mortality rate since 1958. The increase in infant mortality was concentrated in the neonatal period, particularly in deaths occurring within seven days of birth. Partially edited fetal death data suggest that the increase in neonatal mortality was accompanied by a decline in the late fetal mortality rate, and thus it appears that the 2002 perinatal mortality rate will remain level. Potential explanatory factors for the changes in the infant mortality rate are examined, including causes of infant death, percentage of births that are preterm, and low birthweight. Data from the 2002 linked birth and infant death file will allow an assessment of the contribution of maternal and infant factors such as multiple births and management of labor and delivery. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Kochanek, KD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 7318, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kdk2@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 USA SN 0020-7314 J9 INT J HEALTH SERV JI Int. J. Health Serv. PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.2190/GR22-P1N5-0U7W-NUDV PG 15 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 903UH UT WOS:000227450600005 PM 15759559 ER PT J AU Pirkle, JL Osterloh, J Needham, LL Sampson, EJ AF Pirkle, JL Osterloh, J Needham, LL Sampson, EJ TI National exposure measurements for decisions to protect public health from environmental exposures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; public health; chemical exposures ID US POPULATION; LEAD AB Protecting public health from environmental exposures requires four steps: detection of exposures known or expected to cause disease, assessment of health risk from exposure, implementation of an exposure intervention, and assurance that the exposure intervention is effective. To prioritize efforts in these four areas one must consider the size of the population affected, the seriousness of health effects, and the availability of cost-effective exposure interventions. Population exposure data is critical to each of these steps for protecting health. Biomonitoring data for the US population is now available to assist public health scientists and physicians in preventing disease from environmental exposures, and it complements that available for levels of chemicals in environmental media. The Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals provides for the US population serum, blood and urine levels for 116 environmental chemicals over the years 1999 and 2000, with separate analyses by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. This national exposure information identifies which chemicals get into Americans in measurable quantities; determines whether exposure levels are higher among population subgroups; determines how many Americans have levels of chemicals above recognized health threshold levels (for chemicals with such threshold levels); establishes reference ranges that define general population exposure so unusual exposures can be recognized; assesses the effectiveness of public health efforts to reduce population exposure to selected chemicals; and tracks over time trends in US population exposure. Blood lead measurements in the population were important in identifying lead in gasoline as a significant source of human lead exposure and documenting the reduction in blood lead levels in the population as a result of removing lead from gasoline and other products in the United States. Serum cotinine levels in the early 1990s found more widespread exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the United States than previously thought and additional measurements in 1999 and 2000 documented major declines in exposure to ETS as a result of public health actions in the 1990s. A new biomonitoring assessment of the exposure of the US population will be released every 2 years as the "National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals." These reports will include the current 116 chemicals and new chemicals added to monitor priority exposures of the population. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Serv, Natl Ctr Environ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pirkle, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Serv, Natl Ctr Environ Hlth, Mail Stop F-20 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JPirkle@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.001 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927PV UT WOS:000229207400001 PM 15881972 ER PT J AU Ashizawa, AE Hicks, HE De Rosa, CT AF Ashizawa, AE Hicks, HE De Rosa, CT TI Human health research and policy development: experience in the Great Lakes region SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE fish consumption; Great Lakes sport fish; human health; mercury; policy development; polychlorinated biphenyls; PCB ID SERUM PCB CONCENTRATIONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FISH CONSUMPTION; SPORT FISH; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; IN-UTERO; CHILDREN; CONSUMERS; METHYLMERCURY; PERFORMANCE AB As a direct outgrowth of industrial and agricultural activities, the quality of the Great Lakes ecosystem has declined significantly because of toxic substances in the water, eutrophication, overfishing, and invasive species that have been introduced into the waterways. Although measures have been adopted to restore the health of the ecosystem, contamination of Great Lakes sport fish continues arising from conditions that still prevail, but on a more limited scale. As a consequence, the Great Lakes states have issued guidelines for the public in the form of health advisories for fish consumption to encourage practices that will minimize exposure to contaminants found in Great Lakes sport fish. Scientific research has strongly influenced many policy decisions, including the development of laws, rules, and guidelines applicable to public health not only in regard to fish advisories but also other issues impacting human health. This paper proposes to outline how policy has been influenced by scientific findings and the far-reaching effect that these decisions have had on the health status of the public in the Great Lakes area and its potential for influencing the nation as a whole and our global neighbors. Within the Great Lakes basin, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and mercury are the subject of the greatest number of fish advisories. Great Lakes-based researchers have studied populations residing in the Great Lakes basin to determine their level of awareness concerning fish consumption health advisories. They found that almost 50% of the residents who consumed Great Lakes sport fish were aware of sport fish consumption advisories. Of those with awareness, almost 60% were males and only about 40% were females. The researchers attributed the greater awareness among males to the health advisory materials that males receive with their fishing licenses and to their contact with fishing-related groups. The lower level of awareness among women regarding fish consumption advisories subsequently prompted the researchers to recommend targeting risk communication programs for female consumers of Great Lakes sport fish, particularly women of reproductive age. The Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services subsequently followed the recommendation and developed uniform outreach materials for women, minorities, and the general public to be used by the Great Lakes states. The policy change directing educational materials to at-risk groups (e.g., women of reproductive age and minorities) is a direct outgrowth of the finding of low awareness about fish advisories among women who were interviewed. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ashizawa, AE (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ADA8@CDC.GOV NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.002 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927PV UT WOS:000229207400002 PM 15881973 ER PT J AU Meyer, PA Staley, F Staley, P Curtis, J Blanton, C Brown, MJ AF Meyer, PA Staley, F Staley, P Curtis, J Blanton, C Brown, MJ TI Improving strategies to prevent childhood lead poisoning using local data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE lead poisoning; environmental health; prevention; surveillance ID CONTAMINATED HOUSE-DUST; CHILDREN; HEALTH AB Lead poisoning remains an important, yet entirely preventable, disease among children worldwide. Children's blood lead levels (BLLs) have been declining in the United States; however, nearly half a million children have BLLs >= 10 mu g/dl, the level targeted for elimination by 2010. Attainment of this national goal will require translating knowledge into public health practice. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funds state and local health departments to develop comprehensive prevention programs and surveillance. The Jefferson County, Kentucky Program, which includes Louisville, adopted CDC's recommendation for targeting lead testing to children at highest risk and used knowledge of risk factors for lead poisoning to develop prevention strategies. Blood lead testing was targeted to Louisville neighborhoods at high risk, i.e., those characterized by housing built before 1950 and valued < $50,000, which are known risk factors for BLLs >= 10 mu g/dl among children. We evaluated the impact of these and other interventions. Testing of children aged 9-24 months who were born in high risk housing increased from 64.5% to 73.7% (p-value < 0.001) among the 1996 and 2000 birth cohorts. Among the 1996 and 2000 birth cohorts, there was no significant change in testing of children born in low risk housing, i.e., built after 1950 and valued at >= $50,000 (37.0-37.5%; p-value = 0.649). This report demonstrates that applying scientific knowledge to public health practice and using surveillance and other data to evaluate practice effectively increased testing of children at high risk for lead poisoning, increased lead-safe housing, and empowered communities to protect their children from lead exposure. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Serv, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Jefferson Cty Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Br, Louisville, KY USA. RP Meyer, PA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Serv, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS F-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pmeyer@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.003 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927PV UT WOS:000229207400003 PM 15881974 ER PT J AU Boss, LP Evans, D Ramos-Bonoan, C Liao, W Taggart, V Redd, SC AF Boss, LP Evans, D Ramos-Bonoan, C Liao, W Taggart, V Redd, SC TI Ensuring a scientific basis for community interventions for asthma SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE asthma; intervention; physicians; research; public health clinics ID GUIDELINES; CHILDREN; CARE AB Community based interventions are an important part of public health management of many diseases, including asthma. However, there are few scientifically proven and readily available community interventions for asthma. In an effort to increase the number of available interventions, we have identified ongoing asthma intervention research, identified potentially effective asthma interventions based on completed research, and prepared several of the effective interventions for widespread implementation through a process called "translation." We provide an example of one of these effective interventions now available for widespread implementation, "Creating a medical home for asthma." This intervention grew out of need for an intervention in New York City Department of Health (NYCDOH) clinics. The intervention includes training all clinic staff in a comprehensive, preventive approach to asthma care. All of the materials needed to implement the intervention are available to all through the NYCDOH web site (www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/cmha/index.html). This example points to the importance of making the tools needed to implement effective interventions available across the country and the role of public/private partnerships to assure the availability of science-based interventions for asthma control. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Boss, LP (reprint author), 1667 Alderbrook Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lpboss@earthlink.net NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.004 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927PV UT WOS:000229207400004 PM 15881975 ER PT J AU Green, L Selman, C Banerjee, A Marcus, R Medus, C Angulo, FJ Radke, V Buchanan, S AF Green, L Selman, C Banerjee, A Marcus, R Medus, C Angulo, FJ Radke, V Buchanan, S CA EHS-Net Working Grp TI Food service workers' self-reported food preparation practices: an EHS-Net study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE food safety; food handling practices; food preparation practices; food service workers; handwashing ID RESTAURANTS; HANDLERS; SAFETY AB This study was conducted by the Environmental Health Specialists Network (EHS-Net), a network of environmental health specialists and epidemiologists at federal and state health agencies, whose mission is to improve environmental health practice. One of EHS-Net's primary goals is to improve the understanding of the underlying causes of foodborne illness using a system-based approach. As part of this ongoing effort, EHS-Net analyzed data from a telephone survey of food service workers designed to increase our understanding of food preparation practices (a cause of foodborne illness) in restaurants. Results indicated that risky food preparation practices were commonly reported. Respondents said that at work they did not always wear gloves while touching ready-to-eat (RTE) food (60%), did not always wash their hands or change their gloves between handling raw meat and RTE food (23% and 33%), did not use a thermometer to check food temperatures (53%), and had worked while sick with vomiting or diarrhea (5%). Several factors were associated with safer food preparation practices. Workers responsible for food preparation reported washing their hands and wearing gloves when handling RTE food more often than workers not responsible for food preparation. Workers who cooked reported changing their gloves more often than workers who did not cook. Older workers and managers reported washing their hands more often than younger workers and non-managers. Workers in chain restaurants more frequently reported using thermometers than workers in independently owned restaurants. This study provides valuable information concerning the prevalence of food preparation practices and factors that may impact those practices. Additional research is needed to better understand those factors. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RTI Int, Hlth Soc & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Green, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lrg0@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 10 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.005 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927PV UT WOS:000229207400005 PM 15881976 ER PT J AU Kaye, WE Orr, MF Wattigney, WA AF Kaye, WE Orr, MF Wattigney, WA TI Surveillance of hazardous substance emergency events: identifying areas for public health prevention SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE hazardous substances; surveillance; prevention; environmental health; HAZMAT AB The Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system is a comprehensive, state-based surveillance system of hazardous substance releases and public health consequences. Maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) since 1990, the system captures information on acute releases of hazardous substances that need to be cleaned up or neutralized according to federal, state, or local law. Information about threatened releases that result in public health action such as evacuation is also included. Of the 39,766 events reported to HSEES for 1996-2001, 8% resulted in deaths or injuries. Funded through a competitive program announcement, 15 states currently participate in HSEES. State coordinators actively collect data from multiple sources after an eligible event occurs and enter data about the event into a standardized ATSDR-provided web-based system. The information in HSEES describes the distribution and characteristics of hazardous substances emergencies and the morbidity and mortality experienced by employees, responders, and the general public as the result of hazardous substances releases. Analysis of HSEES data helps identify risk factors associated with hazardous substances releases. For example, although events in which chlorine was released account for only 1.6% of all events, they were 3.52 times more likely to result in injuries. Knowledge of these factors is useful in planning public safety interventions and can impact the formulation of guidelines and policies to help reduce the number of events (primary prevention) and the morbidity and mortality associated with these events (secondary prevention). Utilizing state-specific analyses of HSEES data, participating states have been able to develop prevention outreach activities such as awareness training of first responders, primary prevention of spills, and secondary prevention of related injuries and deaths caused by ammonia, chlorine, and mercury. Specific examples involving ammonia, chlorine, and mercury releases will be presented in detail. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaye, WE (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wkaye@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.006 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927PV UT WOS:000229207400006 PM 15881977 ER PT J AU Maslia, ML Reyes, JJ Gillig, RE Sautner, JB Fagliano, JA Aral, MM AF Maslia, ML Reyes, JJ Gillig, RE Sautner, JB Fagliano, JA Aral, MM TI Public health partnerships addressing childhood cancer investigations: case study of Toms River, Dover Township, New Jersey, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE public health partnerships; rules of engagement; childhood cancers; case-control study; environmental exposures ID WATER AB Toms River, located in Dover Township, Ocean County, New Jersey, USA, experienced an increased incidence in childhood leukemia, brain, and central nervous system cancers from the mid-1980s through the early 1990s. These findings initiated a series of community-based activities that lead to the establishment of a successful partnership between the community, public health, and environmental agencies. The common goal of this partnership was to investigate linkages between environmental exposures and childhood cancers. The investigation was comprehensive in nature and a product of an extensive collaborative effort on the part of community, local, state, and federal health agencies, and university research organizations. Central to the success of this partnership was development of a public health response plan. This response plan served to coordinate activities of various entities and ensure that actions to cease or reduce ongoing exposures were implemented in addressing the incidence of childhood cancers using the partnership paradigm. The authors propose six rules of engagement: (1) seek out willing participants, (2) establish an equitable partnership, (3) consider each partner's perspective, (4) define goals and roles for each partner, (5) seek out innovative opportunities, and (6) assure scientific credibility. The application of these rules of engagement led to innovations and advances in the fields of environmental health science and public health practice. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Maslia, ML (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-32, Atlanta, GA USA. EM mmaslia@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.007 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927PV UT WOS:000229207400007 PM 15881978 ER PT J AU Anderson, BA Dearwent, SM Durant, JT Dyken, JJ Freed, JA Moore, SM Wheeler, JS AF Anderson, BA Dearwent, SM Durant, JT Dyken, JJ Freed, JA Moore, SM Wheeler, JS TI Exposure pathway evaluations for sites that processed asbestos-contaminated vermiculite SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE asbestos; exposure pathways; Libby asbestos; national asbestos exposure review; vermiculite ID TREMOLITE ACTINOLITE; MORTALITY; MINERS; MORBIDITY AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is currently evaluating the potential public health impacts associated with the processing of asbestos-contaminated vermiculite at various facilities around the country. Vermiculite ore contaminated with significant levels of asbestos was mined and milled in Libby, Montana, from the early 1920s until 1990. The majority of the Libby ore was then shipped to processing facilities for exfoliation. ATSDR initiated the National Asbestos Exposure Review (NAER) to identify and evaluate exposure pathways associated with these processing facilities. This manuscript details ATSDR's phased approach in addressing exposure potential around these sites. As this is an ongoing project, only the results from a selected set of completed site analyses are presented. Historical occupational exposures are the most significant exposure pathway for the site evaluations completed to date. Former workers also probably brought asbestos fibers home on their clothing, shoes, and hair, and their household contacts may have been exposed. Currently, most site-related worker and community exposure pathways have been eliminated. One community exposure pathway of indeterminate significance is the current exposure of individuals through direct contact with waste rock brought home for personal use as fill material, driveway surfacing, or soil amendment. Trace levels of asbestos are present in soil at many of the sites and buried waste rock has been discovered at a few sites; therefore, future worker and community exposure associated with disturbing on-site soil during construction or redevelopment at these sites is also a potential exposure pathway. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, BA (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mail Stop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BAAnderson@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.008 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927PV UT WOS:000229207400008 PM 15881979 ER PT J AU Gelting, R Sarisky, J Selman, C Otto, C Higgins, C Bohan, PO Buchanan, SB Meehan, PJ AF Gelting, R Sarisky, J Selman, C Otto, C Higgins, C Bohan, PO Buchanan, SB Meehan, PJ TI Use of a systems-based approach to an environmental health assessment for a waterborne disease outbreak investigation at a snowmobile lodge in Wyoming SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE systems approach; systems-based outbreak investigation; environmental antecedent; environmental health assessment; norovirus; Sheridan County; Wyoming AB Investigations into disease outbreaks generally incorporate an epidemiologic investigation, laboratory analysis, and an environmental health assessment. This last component is designed to discover connections between factors in the environment and the outbreak, but is often limited, either by time and resources, or the expertise of the personnel included in outbreak investigation teams. A waterborne Norovirus outbreak investigation in Sheridan County, Wyoming, in 2001 provides an excellent example of the importance of including an in-depth, systems-based environmental health assessment in outbreak investigations. The epidemiologic component of this investigation identified the water supply of a snowmobile lodge in the Bighorn Mountains as the source of the outbreak, a result that was confirmed by laboratory analysis. Including a systems-based environmental health assessment in this investigation also helped to uncover the underlying environmental factors that led to contamination of the water supply. Those factors included an onsite wastewater disposal system that was overloaded by increased use and not well suited to local soil and geologic conditions and a drinking water system with no treatment or disinfection. In addition, heavy precipitation and increased pumping of wells to satisfy higher demands probably facilitated the contamination of the drinking water wells by causing greater movement of wastewater through the soil and underlying bedrock. By focusing on these links between factors in the environment and adverse health outcomes, the systems-based environmental health assessment also helped to highlight prevention strategies for avoiding recurrences. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Santa Cruz Womens Htlh Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Off Chief Operating Officer, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Pk Serv, Publ Hlth Program, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Gelting, R (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Mail Stop F-28,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA USA. EM rgelting@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.009 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927PV UT WOS:000229207400009 PM 15881980 ER PT J AU Mott, JA Mannino, DM Alverson, CJ Kiyu, A Hashim, J Lee, T Falter, K Redd, SC AF Mott, JA Mannino, DM Alverson, CJ Kiyu, A Hashim, J Lee, T Falter, K Redd, SC TI Cardiorespiratory hospitalizations associated with smoke exposure during the 1997 Southeast Asian forest fires SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE forest fires; air pollution; respiratory health; asthma; COPD ID CALIFORNIA AB We investigated the cardiorespiratory health effects of smoke exposure from the 1997 Southeast Asian Forest Fires among persons who were hospitalized in the region of Kuching, Malaysia. We selected admissions to seven hospitals in the Kuching region from a database of all hospital admissions in the state of Sarawak during January 1, 1995 and December 31, 1998. For several cardiorespiratory disease classifications we used Holt-Winters time-series analyses to determine whether the total number of monthly hospitalizations during the forest fire period (August 1 to October 31, 1997), or post-fire period (November 1, 1997 to December 31, 1997) exceeded forecasted estimates established from a historical baseline period of January 1, 1995 to July 31, 1997. We also identified age-specific cohorts of persons whose members were admitted for specific cardiorespiratory problems during January I to July 31 of each year (1995-1997). We compared Kaplan-Meier survival curves of time to first readmission for the 1997 cohorts (exposed to the forest fire smoke) with the survival curves for the 1995 and 1996 cohorts (not exposed, pre-fire cohorts). The time-series analyses indicated that statistically significant fire-related increases were observed in respiratory hospitalizations, specifically those for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The survival analyses indicated that persons over age 65 years with previous hospital admissions for any cause (chi(ldf)(2) = 5.98, p = 0.015), any cardiorespiratory disease (chi(ldf)(2) = 5.3, p = 0.02), any respiratory disease (chi(ldf)(2) = 7.8, p = 0.005), or COPD (chi(ldf)(2) = 3.9, p = 0.047), were significantly more likely to be rehospitalized during the follow-up period in 1997 than during the follow-up periods in the pre-fire years of 1995 or 1996. The survival functions of the exposed cohorts resumed similar trajectories to unexposed cohorts during the post-fire period of November 1, 1997 to December 31, 1998. Communities exposed to forest fire smoke during the Southeast Asian forest fires of 1997 experienced short-term increases in cardiorespiratory hospitalizations. When an air quality emergency is anticipated, persons over age 65 with histories of respiratory hospitalizations should be preidentified from existing hospitalization records and given priority access to interventions. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mott, JA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zud9@cdc.gov OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 13 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 12 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.018 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927PV UT WOS:000229207400010 PM 15881981 ER PT J AU Muravov, OI Kaye, WE Lewin, M Berkowitz, Z Lybarger, JA Campolucci, SS Parker, JE AF Muravov, OI Kaye, WE Lewin, M Berkowitz, Z Lybarger, JA Campolucci, SS Parker, JE TI The usefulness of computed tomography in detecting asbestos-related pleural abnormalities in people who had indeterminate chest radiographs: the Libby, NIT, experience SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE pleural abnormalities; health effects; asbestos; vermiculite; computed tomography of the chest ID HIGH-RESOLUTION CT; VERMICULITE MINERS; PULMONARY ASBESTOSIS; TREMOLITE ACTINOLITE; SHIPYARD WORKERS; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; MORTALITY; SMOKING; MORBIDITY AB This epidemiological study was conducted to determine whether high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is useful to screen for pulmonary abnormalities in people exposed to vermiculite containing asbestos. During June-September 2001, we evaluated HRCT of 353 people in Libby, MT, who had been exposed to asbestiform minerals associated with vermiculite. Of these, 334 participants of the summer 2000 medical testing program underwent HRCT of the chest at St. John's Lutheran Hospital and 19 eligible people who recently had undergone an HRCT scan at the same facility and under the same testing protocol allowed the study reviewers to use that scan. All 353 study participants were former vermiculite mine/mill workers (n = 55), their household contacts (n = 99), and people exposed to vermiculite through recreational or other activities (n = 199). Participants' 2000 medical testing results indicated only one of the three B-reader chest radiograph reviewers had reported a pleural abnormality (indeterminate chest radiograph). Three expert computer tomography (CT) scan evaluators reviewed the HRCT scans and identified pleural abnormalities in 98 (27.8%) of the 353 participants whose previous chest radiographs were classified indeterminate. Of these 98 people, 69 (70.4%) were either former vermiculite mine/mill workers or household contacts, and 40 (40.8%) showed pleural calcification on HRCT. Thirty out of the 40 people with pleural calcification reported having no occupational exposure to either Libby vermiculite or asbestos. Our findings indicate that low-dose HRCT can be considered for screening certain former vermiculite mine/mill workers and their household contacts who have indeterminate chest radiographs and may be useful for diagnosing a suspicious finding on a chest radiograph, particularly in a high-risk person. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. W Virginia Univ, Pulm & Crit Care Med, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Muravov, OI (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM oim0@cdc.gov NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.019 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927PV UT WOS:000229207400011 PM 15881982 ER PT J AU Hubbard, B Gelting, R Baffigo, V Sarisky, J AF Hubbard, B Gelting, R Baffigo, V Sarisky, J TI Community environmental health assessment strengthens environmental public health services in the Peruvian Amazon SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE international environmental health; community environmental health assessment; global health; community participation; water and sanitation AB In December 1999, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere, Peru Country Office (CARE Peru), initiated the Urban Environmental Health Project (SAU, in Spanish) to strengthen environmental public health services in urban and periurban settlements in Peru. The project received funding from the Woodruff Foundation as part of the CARE-CDC Health Initiative (CCHI). The "Protocol for Assessing Community Excellence in Environmental Health" (PACE EH) guided the development of a community environmental public health assessment (CEHA) process in Cardozo, a settlement in Iquitos, Peru. The project developed a three-phase process that merged scientific understanding and community perception about local environmental health problems. In phase 1, local environmental health technicians assisted the community in understanding environmental health conditions in Cardozo and selecting priorities. During phase 2, local technicians assessed the community-selected priorities: water and sanitation. Results from recent water quality assessments revealed that 82% (9 of 11) of samples from shallow dug wells, 18% (2 of 11) from deeper drilled wells, and 61% (11/18) from household drinking containers were positive for thermotolerant coliforms. Phase 3 activities produced an action plan and an intervention to mitigate health problems associated with inadequate water and sanitation services in the Cardozo community. As a result of the CEHA process, CARE Peru obtained funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to develop and implement an environmental health risk monitoring system and the proposed water and sewage intervention in the settlement. CDC continues to provide technical assistance to the local environmental health services groups in Iquitos through an agreement with CARE Peru as part of the USAID-funded Urban Environmental Health Models Project (MUSA). Technical assistance activities and the development of the environmental health risk monitoring system have helped to strengthen the local environmental public health services delivery system. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CARE Peru, Urban Environm Hlth Project, Lima, Peru. RP Hubbard, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bnh5@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.jiheh.2005.01.010 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927PV UT WOS:000229207400012 PM 15881983 ER PT J AU Au, WW Lybarger, JA Barrett, DH Falk, H AF Au, WW Lybarger, JA Barrett, DH Falk, H TI Perspectives on the use of scientific knowledge for public health practice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE public health practice; scientific knowledge; disease prevention; environmental health assessment; disaster management AB Achieving the goal of increasing quality and years of healthy life is fundamentally based on success in the practice of public health. As our life style changes with time and as public health issues become more global, the practice of public health is enhanced to meet new challenges. In addition to addressing infectious diseases, environmental concerns are gaining attention. New challenges require the modification of the methods of investigations, use of new technologies and application of real-time management of public health emergencies. In many situations, collaborations at the local, regional, national and global levels are needed. This manuscript provides a summary of the approaches to address certain crucial environmental health concerns towards the goal of increasing quality and years of healthy life. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Falk, H (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E28, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hxf1@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.013 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927PV UT WOS:000229207400016 PM 15881987 ER PT J AU Brown, LM Kim, D Yomai, A Meyer, PA Noonan, GP Huff, D Flanders, WD AF Brown, LM Kim, D Yomai, A Meyer, PA Noonan, GP Huff, D Flanders, WD TI Blood lead levels and risk factors for lead poisoning in children and caregivers in Chuuk State, Micronesia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE blood lead; children; prevention; environmental exposure; battery melting ID COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; DEFICITS; COHORT; PLANT; AGE AB Lead poisoning is a preventable environmental disease. Children and developing fetuses are especially vulnerable; even low blood lead levels (BLLs) are linked with learning and behavioral problems. We assessed children's and their caregivers' BLLs and risk factors for lead exposure in Chunk State, Federated States of Micronesia. Children aged 2-6 years were randomly selected within 20 randomly selected villages. Children and caregivers provided venous blood, and caregivers offered information about possible risk factors for lead exposure. Mean BLLs were 39 mu g/l for children and 16 mu g/l for caregivers. Children with BLLs of >= 100 mu g/l (elevated) were 22.9 (95% CI: 4.5-116.0) times more likely to have a caregiver with an elevated BLL, 6.2 (95% CI: 1.4-27.3) times more likely to live on an outer island, and 3.4 (95% CI: 1.7-6.9) times more likely to have a family member who made lead fishing weights than did other children even after controlling for age and sex. For children, 61% of elevated BLLs could be attributed to making fishing weights. Caregivers with elevated BLLs were 5.9 (95% CI: 1.5-23.7) times more likely to live in a household that melted batteries than other caregivers even after controlling for age and education. For caregivers, 37% of the elevated BLLs could be attributed to melting batteries. The association of elevated BLLs in children and their caregiver suggests a common environmental exposure. Melting batteries to make fishing sinkers is a preventable source of lead exposure for children and their caregivers in Chunk. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Ctr Dis Control, NCEH, EEHS, LPPB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Chuuk State Hosp, Chuuk, Micronesia. RP Meyer, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, NCEH, EEHS, LPPB, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pmeyer@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 4 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.028 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 952OT UT WOS:000231016100001 PM 16078636 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Wang, J Maynard, LM Thornton, JC Mei, Z Pierson, RN Dietz, WH Horlick, M AF Freedman, DS Wang, J Maynard, LM Thornton, JC Mei, Z Pierson, RN Dietz, WH Horlick, M TI Relation of BMI to fat and fat-free mass among children and adolescents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE body mass index; X-ray densitometry ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; PERCENTAGE BODY-FAT; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC-GROUPS; OLD CHILDREN; INDEX; OVERWEIGHT; FATNESS; CHILDHOOD; HEIGHT AB Objective: Although the body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) is widely used as a surrogate measure of adiposity, it is a measure of excess weight, rather than excess body fat, relative to height. We examined the relation of BMI to levels of fat mass and fat-free mass among healthy 5- to 18-y-olds. Methods and Procedures: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure fat and fat-free mass among 1196 subjects. These measures were standardized for height by calculating the fat mass index (FMI, fat mass/ht(2)) and the fat-free mass index (FFMI, fat-free mass/ht(2)). Results: The variability in FFMI was about 50% of that in FMI, and the accuracy of BMI as a measure of adiposity varied greatly according to the degree of fatness. Among children with a BMI-for-age greater than or equal to85th P, BMI levels were strongly associated with FMI (r=0.85-0.96 across sex-age categories). In contrast, among children with a BMI-for-age <50th P, levels of BMI were more strongly associated with FFMI (r=0.56-0.83) than with FMI (r=0.22-0.65). The relation of BMI to fat mass was markedly nonlinear, and substantial differences in fat mass were seen only at BMI levels &GE;85th P. Discussion: BMI levels among children should be interpreted with caution. Although a high BMI-for-age is a good indicator of excess fat mass, BMI differences among thinner children can be largely due to fat-free mass. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent K26, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, Dept Med, Body Composit Unit, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Childrens Hosp New York, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DFreedman@CDC.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK37352] NR 39 TC 181 Z9 183 U1 3 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802735 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 879IS UT WOS:000225710800001 PM 15278104 ER PT J AU Posner, SF Kerimova, J Aliyeva, F Duerr, A AF Posner, SF Kerimova, J Aliyeva, F Duerr, A TI Strategies for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in a resource-poor setting SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE bacterial vaginosis; diagnostic methods; resource-poor settings; sensitivity; specificity ID VAGINITIS AB This study evaluated Amsel's criteria, the FemExam((R)) card and pH plus amine methods for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in a resource-poor setting. Two hundred Azerbaijani women participated in a study about reproductive health that included a gynaecological examination and an interviewer-administered survey. Using the WHO syndromic diagnosis algorithm, nearly all women (99%) had abnormal vaginal discharge. The prevalence of BV by Gram stain was 35%; using pH plus amine, the FemExam((R)) card and Amsel's criteria, prevalence ranged from 29% to 49%. No behavioural or demographic characteristics were associated with BV as diagnosed by Gram stain. The sensitivity ranged from 0.59 to 0.74 and specificity from 0.65 to 0.92 using the three methods. The pH plus amine test is better than syndromic management protocols, and although it is not the most sensitive or specific of the three methods it will be easiest to implement in resource-poor settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Int Assoc Family & Soc, Baku 370000, Azerbaijan. RP Posner, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SHP5@CDC.GOV OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 52 EP 55 DI 10.1258/0956462052932601 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 894AJ UT WOS:000226761900012 PM 15705274 ER PT J AU Guzman, R Colfax, GN Wheeler, S Mansergh, G Marks, G Rader, M Buchbinder, S AF Guzman, R Colfax, GN Wheeler, S Mansergh, G Marks, G Rader, M Buchbinder, S TI Negotiated safety relationships and sexual behavior among a diverse sample of HIV-negative men who have sex with men SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE negotiated safety; gay men; sexual risk; primary; relationships; HIV prevention strategies ID HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; GAY MEN; RISK BEHAVIOR; SAN-FRANCISCO; YOUNG GAY; INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; INCREASES; PARTNERS AB Objective: To examine the prevalence of negotiated safety (NS) in a diverse sample of HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM), characteristics of MSM practicing NS, and adherence to NS. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of San Francisco MSM recruited from venues and community organizations. NS relationships were defined as those in which HIV-negative men were in seroconcordant primary relationships for greater than or equal to6 months, had unprotected anal intercourse (UA) together, and had rules prohibiting UA with others. Adherence to NS was determined from self-reported sexual behavior in the prior 3 months. Presence of an agreement with NS partners to disclose rule breaking was also determined. Results: Of 340 HIV-negative participants, 76 (22%) reported a current seroconcordant primary relationship for greater than or equal to6 months. Of these 76 men, 38 (50%) had NS relationships, 30 (39%) had no UA with primary partners, and 8 (11%) had UA with primary partners without rules prohibiting UA with others. In multivariate analysis, NS was more common than no UA with primary partners in younger men. Among 38 NS men, 29% violated their NS-defining rule in the prior 3 months, including 18% who reported UA with others, and 18% reported a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the prior year. Only 61% of NS men adhered fully to rules and agreed to disclose rule breaking. Conclusions: Although NS was commonly practiced among HIV-negative men in seroconcordant relationships, some men violated NS-defining rules, placing themselves and potentially their primary partners at risk for HIV infection. Prevention efforts regarding NS should emphasize the importance of agreement adherence, disclosure of rule breaking, and routine STI testing. C1 HIV Res Sect, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Guzman, R (reprint author), HIV Res Sect, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, 25 Van Ness Ave,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. EM robert.guzman@sfdph.org FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU914930] NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 1 BP 82 EP 86 DI 10.1097/00126334-200501010-00015 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 885TI UT WOS:000226179400015 PM 15608530 ER PT J AU Wetta-Hall, R Ablah, E Frazier, LM Molgaard, CA Berry, M Good, MJ AF Wetta-Hall, R Ablah, E Frazier, LM Molgaard, CA Berry, M Good, MJ TI Factors influencing nurses' smoking cessation assessment and counseling practices SO JOURNAL OF ADDICTIONS NURSING LA English DT Article DE assessment; counseling; logistic regression; nurses; smoking cessation ID ATTITUDES; CARE; DELIVERY AB Nurses are in a strategic position to influence their patients to stop smoking, but factors affecting their likelihood of assessing and counseling are unknown. The purpose of this cross-sectional survey study was to identify predictors of tobacco use assessment and smoking cessation intervention by office-based nurses employed in private physician practices in Kansas. A 43-item questionnaire was mailed to all family practice, internal medicine, and pediatric private practice offices located throughout the state of Kansas with a final sample of 415 completed surveys. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of three dependent variables: (1) tobacco use assessment, (2) patient interest in smoking cessation, and (3) delivering smoking cessation counseling. Nurses were more likely to assess patient tobacco use, assess patient interest in tobacco cessation, and provide tobacco cessation counseling if they believed they had the skills, and had attended tobacco-related continuing education in the previous year. Advanced practice nursing and more years of experience were predictors of assessment activities, but not cessation counseling. Nurses with a bachelor (BSN) degree or higher did provide smoking cessation advice more consistently than non-BSN prepared nurses. Nurses must believe they are sufficiently skilled to overcome perceived barriers to assess tobacco use. Continuing education, skills development and improved understanding of tobacco cessation facts may increase self-efficacy. C1 Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Wichita, KS 67214 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Via Christi Reg Med Ctr, Wichita Community Clin Oncol Program, Wichita, KS USA. RP Wetta-Hall, R (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, 1010 N Kansas, Wichita, KS 67214 USA. EM rwettaha@kumc.edu NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1088-4602 J9 J ADDICT NURS JI J. Addict. Nurs. PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1080/10884600500203655 PG 5 WC Substance Abuse; Nursing SC Substance Abuse; Nursing GA 048WY UT WOS:000237978400006 ER PT J AU Cress, ME Buchner, DM Prohaska, T Rimmer, J Brown, M Macera, C DiPietro, L Chodzko-Zajko, W AF Cress, ME Buchner, DM Prohaska, T Rimmer, J Brown, M Macera, C DiPietro, L Chodzko-Zajko, W TI Best practices for physical activity programs and behavior counseling in older adult populations SO JOURNAL OF AGING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE aging; quality of life; exercise; functional limitations ID ACTIVITY INTERVENTIONS; EXERCISE; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Physical activity offers one of the greatest opportunities for people to extend years of active independent life and reduce functional limitations. The article identifies key practices for promoting physical activity in older adults, with a focus on those with chronic disease or low fitness and those with low levels of physical activity. Key practices identified: (a) A multidimensional activity program that includes endurance, strength, balance, and flexibility training is optimal for health and functional benefits; (b) principles of behavior change including social support, self-efficacy, active choices, health contracts, assurances of safety, and positive reinforcement enhance adherence; (c) manage risk by beginning at low intensity but gradually increasing to moderate physical activity, which has a better risk:benefit ratio and should be the goal for older adults; (d) an emergency procedure plan is prudent for community-based programs; and (e) monitoring aerobic intensity is important for progression and motivation. Selected content review of physical activity programming from major organizations and institutions is provided. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Exercise Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Chicago, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Disabil & Human Dev, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Hlth Profess, Columbia, MO USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Yale Univ, John B Pierce Fdn Lab, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cress, ME (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Exercise Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 31 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 18 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1063-8652 J9 J AGING PHYS ACTIV JI J. Aging Phys. Act. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 61 EP 74 PG 14 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Sport Sciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Sport Sciences GA 886IU UT WOS:000226221300006 PM 15677836 ER PT J AU Popovic, T Hoffmaster, A Ezzell, JW Abshire, TG Brown, JE AF Popovic, T Hoffmaster, A Ezzell, JW Abshire, TG Brown, JE TI Validation of methods for confirmatory identification of presumptive isolates of Bacillus anthracis SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM txpl@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 BP 175 EP 177 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 893HN UT WOS:000226710000022 PM 15759739 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mannino, DM AF Ford, ES Mannino, DM TI Time trends in obesity among adults with asthma in the United States: Findings from three national surveys SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; body mass index; obesity; trends ID BODY-MASS INDEX; MEDICAL RECORDS; PREVALENCE; RISK AB Obesity may affect the respiratory health of people with asthma. Because the temporal trends in the prevalence of obesity among people with asthma have not been described in the United States, our objective was to describe these trends. Using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES) I ( 1971 - 1975), II ( 1976 - 1980), and III ( 1988 - 1994), the authors examined changes in the prevalence of obesity during the period covered by these surveys. The age-adjusted prevalence of current asthma was 3.5% for NHANES I, 3.1% for NHANES II, and 5.2% in NHANES III. Among people with current asthma, age-adjusted mean body mass index increased from 26.1 kg/m(2) in the NHANES I to 28.0 kg/m(2) in NHANES III, and the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity increased from 21.3 to 32.8%. Among people without asthma, age-adjusted mean body mass index increased from 25.4 kg/m(2) in NHANES I to 26.6 kg/m(2) in NHANES III, and the prevalence of obesity increased from 14.6 to 22.8%. These results show that people with asthma are far more likely to be obese than people who do not have asthma. Because excess weight may adversely affect the respiratory health of people with asthma, weight management for overweight and obese patients with asthma may be an important component in the medical care of these patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 23 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1081/JAS-200051328 PG 5 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 920MN UT WOS:000228694900002 PM 15871439 ER PT J AU Savage-Brown, A Mannino, DM Redd, SC AF Savage-Brown, A Mannino, DM Redd, SC TI Lung disease and asthma severity in adults with asthma: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE spirometry; lung function; restrictive lung disease; obstructive lung disease; asthma; asthma severity ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; RISK; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; SYMPTOMS; SAMPLE AB Risk factors for obstructive or restrictive lung disease among persons with asthma are not well defined. Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to determine predictors of poor lung function among 1063 adults, aged 20 years and older, who self-report physician-diagnosed asthma any time during their life regardless of current asthma status. Obstructive lung disease and restrictive lung disease were defined by using spirometry and modified Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria. Reported symptoms were used to grade asthma severity. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between lung disease, respiratory symptom severity, and adults who ever had asthma. Risk factors for spirometry-defined obstructive lung disease included increasing age, body mass index < 18.5, current asthma, and non-white race (p < 0.05). Risk factors for spirometry-defined restrictive lung disease included older age at asthma diagnosis, low socioeconomic status, current asthma, and being female (p < 0.05). Risk factors for moderate or severe respiratory symptoms included older age at diagnosis and current smoking status (p < 0.05). Asthma is a known risk factor for chronic obstructive lung disease; these data also suggest that adults, particularly females, who are older at the time of asthma diagnosis, may be at risk to develop spriometry-defined restrictive lung disease as well. These data also suggest that a significant proportion of people with lifetime asthma have impaired lung function; however, it is unclear if more aggressive therapy for asthma would prevent these complications. To further examine the role of these factors in predicting poor lung function among adults with asthma, additional information is needed on these patients' asthma therapy, natural history, and environmental exposures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Savage-Brown, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ABrown2@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2005 VL 42 IS 6 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1081/JAS-200067605 PG 5 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 972UX UT WOS:000232479800015 PM 16293549 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Young, KE Anda, RF Giles, WH AF Brown, DW Young, KE Anda, RF Giles, WH TI Asthma and risk of death from lung cancer: NHANES II mortality study SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; lung neoplasms; mortality; survival analysis; cohort studies; epidemiology ID NONSMOKING WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; INDEX; SMOKING; MEN AB Objective. Although smoking is the most important risk factor for lung cancer, nearly 10% of lung cancer is not attributable to smoking. Insights into risk factors for lung cancer other than smoking will become increasingly important, given decreasing trends in the prevalence of smoking. Prior research suggests asthma may increase the risk of lung cancer, particularly among nonsmokers. Methods. We used Cox regression analyses of data from a nationally representative sample of 9087 adults aged 30-75 years included in the NHANES II Mortality Study (1976-1992) to estimate the relative risk (RR) of death from lung cancer associated with self-reported asthma, independent of smoking. Results. Age-adjusted prevalence of smoking was 36.0%, and the age-adjusted prevalence of asthma was 6.1% (6.2% among nonsmokers) at baseline. During approximately 17 years of follow-up, 196 adults died of lung cancer (ICD-9 160-165). Among 6144 nonsmokers, the RR of lung cancer death comparing adults with asthma to those without was 1.69 (95% CI: 0.94-3.04) although the association was not statistically significant. For nonsmokers without a history of cancer, the RR was 2.53 (95% CI: 1.42-4.52). After exclusion of adults with emphysema and chronic bronchitis, the RR of lung cancer death associated with asthma was 3.54 (95% CI: 1.93-6.42). Conclusions. Consistent with prior reports, we observed an increased risk of lung cancer mortality associated with asthma among nonsmokers without a history of cancer. C1 CDCP, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), CDCP, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K67,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2005 VL 42 IS 7 BP 597 EP 600 DI 10.1080/02770900500216234 PG 4 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 966PL UT WOS:000232033000013 PM 16169796 ER PT J AU Rhodes, L Moorman, JE Redd, SC AF Rhodes, L Moorman, JE Redd, SC TI Sex differences in asthma prevalence and other disease characteristics in eight states SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; sex differences; prevalence; control AB Objectives . We assessed the sex differences in asthma prevalence and asthma-control characteristics within eight states. Methods . We analyzed data from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Results . Lifetime and current asthma prevalence were higher for females in each of the eight states compared to males. Adult onset of asthma was reported more often by females with current asthma, and childhood onset was reported more often by males. Sex differences were identified for the eight asthma-control characteristics. Conclusions . Females in eight states presented higher asthma risk and poorer asthma profiles than males. State surveillance data can be used to identify disparities and to develop appropriate public health interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moorman, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop E-17,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zva9@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2005 VL 42 IS 9 BP 777 EP 782 DI 10.1080/02770900500308387 PG 6 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 988AB UT WOS:000233558200010 PM 16316873 ER PT J AU Hyma, KE Lacher, DW Nelson, AM Bumbaugh, AC Janda, JM Strockbine, NA Young, VB Whittam, TS AF Hyma, KE Lacher, DW Nelson, AM Bumbaugh, AC Janda, JM Strockbine, NA Young, VB Whittam, TS TI Evolutionary genetics of a new pathogenic Escherichia species: Escherichia albertii and related Shigella boydii strains SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOLETHAL DISTENDING TOXIN; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; HAFNIA-ALVEI; COLI-STRAINS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; HELICOBACTER-HEPATICUS; HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; GENUS ESCHERICHIA; VARIANT TYPE AB A bacterium originally described as Hafnia alvei induces diarrhea in rabbits and causes epithelial damage similar to the attachment and effacement associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Subsequent studies identified similar H. alvei-like strains that are positive for an intimin gene (eae) probe and, based on DNA relatedness, are classified as a distinct Escherichia species, Escherichia albertii. We determined sequences for multiple housekeeping genes in five E. albertii strains and compared these sequences to those of strains representing the major groups of pathogenic E. coli and Shigella. A comparison of 2,484 codon positions in 14 genes revealed that E. albertii strains differ, on average, at similar to7.4% of the nucleotide sites from pathogenic E. coli strains and at 15.7% from Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. Interestingly, E. albertii strains were found to be closely related to strains of Shigella boydii serotype 13 (Shigella B13), a distant relative of E. coli representing a divergent lineage in the genus Escherichia. Analysis of homologues of intimin (eae) revealed that the central conserved domains are similar in E. albertii and Shigella B13 and distinct from those of eae variants found in pathogenic E. coli. Sequence analysis of the cytolethal distending toxin gene cluster (cdt) also disclosed three allelic groups corresponding to E. alberti, Shigella B13, and a nontypeable isolate serollogically related to S. boydii serotype 7. Based on the synonymous substitution rate, the E. albertii-Shigella B13 lineage is estimated to have split from an E. coli-like ancestor similar to28 million years ago and formed a distinct evolutionary branch of enteric pathogens that has radiated into groups with distinct virulence properties. C1 Michigan State Univ, Microbial Evolut Lab, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Infect Dis Unit, Dept Internal Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Microbial Dis Lab, Div Communicable Dis Control, Richmond, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whittam, TS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Microbial Evolut Lab, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, 165 Food Safety & Toxicol Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM whittam@msu.edu RI Young, Vincent/B-3179-2009 OI Young, Vincent/0000-0003-3687-2364 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI30058, N01-AI-30058] NR 54 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 187 IS 2 BP 619 EP 628 DI 10.1128/JB.187.2.619-628.2005 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 889CY UT WOS:000226422300023 PM 15629933 ER PT J AU Mutisya, PM Ross, LE AF Mutisya, PM Ross, LE TI Afrocentricity and racial socialization among African American college students SO JOURNAL OF BLACK STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Afrocentricity; racial socialization; socialization AB This article reviews and examines conceptual issues and definitions related to Afrocentricity and racial socialization. Data for the study were obtained from a survey of 453 African American college students. Afrocentricity has been conceptualized as being multidimensional. Several variables thought to represent both the constructs of Afrocentricity and racial socialization were constructed, analyzed for their reliabilities, and combined into attitudinal scales. This exploratory analysis sought to ascertain if two attitudinal scales were related. Findings from this study suggest that the overall scales or composite variables are positively related and that a strong interitem correlation among the individual statements exists. This study (a) provides insight on future development of an Afrocentric scale, (b) helps to clarify the importance of racial socialization as it relates to Afrocentricity, and (c) gives direction and encouragement for future research on African Americans. C1 N Carolina Cent Univ, Sch Educ, Dept Educ Leadership, Durham, NC 27707 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mutisya, PM (reprint author), N Carolina Cent Univ, Sch Educ, Dept Educ Leadership, 712 Cecil St, Durham, NC 27707 USA. EM pmmutisya@wpo.nccu.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0021-9347 J9 J BLACK STUD JI J. Black Stud. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1177/0021934704266597 PG 13 WC Ethnic Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Ethnic Studies; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 877MO UT WOS:000225574900001 ER PT J AU Glass, MB Popovic, T AF Glass, MB Popovic, T TI Preliminary evaluation of the API 20NE and RapID NF plus systems for rapid identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. mallei SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOMALLEI AB We evaluated the API 20NE and the RapID NF Plus systems with 58 Burkholderia pseudomallei and 23 B. mallei strains for identification of these agents, but neither was reliable for confirmatory identification, with only 0 to 60% strains identified accurately. A greater diversity of strains in the system databases would be beneficial. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, MB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div & Mycot Dis, MS G34,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mglass@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 479 EP 483 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.1.479-483.2005 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 888NB UT WOS:000226380400077 PM 15635021 ER PT J AU Respess, RA Cachafeiro, A Withum, D Fiscus, SA Newman, D Branson, B Varnier, OE Lewis, K Dondero, TJ AF Respess, RA Cachafeiro, A Withum, D Fiscus, SA Newman, D Branson, B Varnier, OE Lewis, K Dondero, TJ TI Evaluation of an ultrasensitive p24 antigen assay as a potential alternative to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA viral load assay in resource-limited settings SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-DENATURED PLASMA; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HIV-1 P24; SIGNAL-AMPLIFICATION; BOOSTED ELISA; INFECTION; PERFORMANCE; DIAGNOSIS; SUBTYPES; INFANTS AB An inexpensive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for human immunodeficiency virus type I quantitation, ultrasensitive p24 antigen assay (Up24), was compared with RNA viral load assay (VL). Up24 had 100% sensitivity of detection at a viral load of greater than or equal to30,000, with sensitivity of 46.4% at a viral load of <30,000 (232 specimens from 65 seropositive subjects). The assay was highly reproducible, with excellent correlation between duplicates and among three laboratories. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV,STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ Genoa, I-16126 Genoa, Italy. RP Respess, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV,STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rrespess@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 506 EP 508 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.1.506-508.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 888NB UT WOS:000226380400085 PM 15635029 ER PT J AU Bile, EC Adje-Toure, C Borget, MY Kalou, M Diomande, F Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN AF Bile, EC Adje-Toure, C Borget, MY Kalou, M Diomande, F Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN TI Performance of drug-resistance genotypic assays among HIV-1 infected patients with predominantly CRF02_AG strains of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE resistance assays; Africa; HIV subtypes ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; THERAPY; UGANDA AB Objective: We evaluated the performance of three genotypic assays to detect resistant mutations among HIV-1 infected patients with known antiretroviral drug resistance profile in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, most of whom had the circulating recombinant form (CRF02_A/G) of HIV-1. Methods: The 56 patients analyzed in this study were enrolled in a pilot program to make available antiretroviral therapy (ART) to HIV-infected patients in Abidjan through the UNAIDS Drug Access Initiative (DAI). These patients had failed ART, as demonstrated by rebound in RNA viral load. Their plasma samples had been previously analyzed for ART genotypic drug-resistance by VircoGEN(TM) (Mechelen, Belgium) and were known to have primary and secondary resistance mutations, and also had phenotypic drug-resistance by a recombinant virus assay technology (Mechelen, Belgium). The two assays we evaluated were: VircoGEN(TM), TruGene(TM) HIV-1, and ViroSEQ HIV-1 assays. Results: For the reverse transcriptase gene, all 27 samples that had the T215Y/F mutation were detected by VircoGEN(TM), ViroSEQ, and TrueGene(TM) All 19 (100%) samples that had the K70R/E mutation detected by VircoGEN(TM) were detected by ViroSEQ, and 18 (94.7%) by TrueGene(TM). All ten samples with the M184V mutation, three with the K65R, two with the G190A mutation, one with the K103N mutation, and one with the V75T mutation were detected similarly by all three assays. For the protease gene, all three assays detected the I84V (n = 1), M46I (n = 1), and L90M (n = 1) mutations. Conclusion: These results suggest that any of these assays should be considered for monitoring the occurrence of drug resistance among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in West Africa. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jcn5@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.07.008 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 885XC UT WOS:000226189600010 PM 15572008 ER PT J AU Bisiacchi, PS Tarantino, V Tozzi, AE D'Elia, L De Mei, B Shay, D AF Bisiacchi, PS Tarantino, V Tozzi, AE D'Elia, L De Mei, B Shay, D TI Epidemiology of neurocognitive disorders in children: A key to understand trends in development. SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Annnual Meeting of the Cognitive-Neuroscience-Society CY APR 09-12, 2005 CL New York, NY SP Cognit Neurosci Soc C1 Osped Bambino Gesu, Rome, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI BISIACCHI, PATRIZIA/B-8976-2008; Tozzi, Alberto Eugenio/F-9494-2012 OI BISIACCHI, PATRIZIA/0000-0003-2760-8000; Tozzi, Alberto Eugenio/0000-0002-6884-984X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0898-929X J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI JI J. Cogn. Neurosci. PY 2005 SU S BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 909RP UT WOS:000227878701061 ER PT J AU Williamson, DM Millette, D Beauboeuf-Lafontant, T Henry, JP Atherton, C AF Williamson, DM Millette, D Beauboeuf-Lafontant, T Henry, JP Atherton, C TI Including residents in epidemiologic studies of adverse health effects in communities with hazardous exposures SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB For individuals who live within the shadows of hazardous waste sites, there is a constant worry about what impact releases from these sites are having on their health and environment. Public health agencies at the local, state, and federal levels are routinely asked to investigate these concerns and determine what, if any, exposures are occuring or may have occurred in the past, and what the health risk to nearby residents may be. To ensure the credibility of research findings, full participation of affected communities is needed. Including communities in research activities can, however, be a difficult process. This paper discusses the concerns, needs, and expectations of U.S. communities in which environmental exposures are occurring, or in which exposures have occurred in the past. Three case studies are presented in which activities were undertaken to involve a community in the research process where environmental contaminants were of concern. The strengths and limitations of these activities are discussed, and recommendations for community involvement in future research are made. C1 ATSDR, Dept Hlth Studies, Hlth Investigat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Williamson, DM (reprint author), ATSDR, Dept Hlth Studies, Hlth Investigat Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DJW8@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 67 IS 6 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 885ZZ UT WOS:000226197200004 PM 15690902 ER PT J AU Burton, NC Adhikari, A Grinshpun, SA Hornung, R Reponen, T AF Burton, NC Adhikari, A Grinshpun, SA Hornung, R Reponen, T TI The effect of filter material on bioaerosol collection of Bacillus subtilis spores used as a Bacillus anthracis simulant SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL SAMPLERS; BIOTERRORISM; BACTERIA AB The objective of this study was to determine filter materials and extraction methods that are appropriate to use for environmental sampling of B. anthracis. Four types of filters were tested: mixed cellulose ester (MCE) with a pore size of 3 μ m, polytetra fluoroethylene ( PTFE) with pore sizes of 1 and 3 μ m, and gelatin with a pore size of 3 μ m. Bacillus subtilis var. niger endospores (also known as Bacillus globigii [BG]) were used as a surrogate for B. anthracis. Endospores were collected into Button Inhalable Aerosol Samplers with sampling times of 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours. Physical collection efficiency was determined by measuring upstream and downstream B. subtilis concentrations with an optical particle counter. Vortexing with ultrasonic agitation and vortexing with shaker agitation extraction methods were evaluated. The MCE, 1 μ m PTFE, and gelatin filters provided physical collection efficiencies of 94% or greater. The 3 μ m PTFE filter showed inconsistent physical efficiency characteristics between filters. Epifluorescence microscopic analysis of the gelatin filter extraction fluid revealed the presence of contamination by non-culturable bacteria. Mean differences for microbial culturability were not statistically significant for filter materials and extraction methods. However, the vortexing with shaker agitation extraction method resulted in higher total microbial counts in the extraction fluids for MCE and 1 μ m PTFE filters when compared to vortexing with ultrasonic agitation. In summary, the MCE and 1 μ m PTFE filters in combination with vortexing and shaker extraction demonstrated the best performance for the filter collection and extraction of BG spores. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Ctr Hlth Related Aerosol Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Inst Hlth Policy & Hlth Serv Res, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Burton, NC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 15 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 5 BP 475 EP 480 DI 10.1039/b500056d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 923TO UT WOS:000228932400013 ER PT J AU Aylward, LL Brunet, RC Carrier, G Hays, SM Cushing, CA Needham, LL Patterson, DG Gerthoux, PM Brambilla, P Mocarelli, P AF Aylward, LL Brunet, RC Carrier, G Hays, SM Cushing, CA Needham, LL Patterson, DG Gerthoux, PM Brambilla, P Mocarelli, P TI Concentration-dependent TCDD elimination kinetics in humans: toxicokinetic modeling for moderately to highly exposed adults from Seveso, Italy, and Vienna, Austria, and impact on dose estimates for the NIOSH cohort SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TCDD; elimination kinetics; human; toxicokinetic modeling ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; DIGESTIVE-TRACT ABSORPTION; OPERATION RANCH HAND; BODY-MASS INDEX; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; INCLUDING HUMANS; CANCER-MORTALITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; HUMAN BLOOD; EXCRETION AB Serial measurements of serum lipid 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) concentrations in 36 adults from Seveso, Italy, and three patients from Vienna, Austria, with initial serum lipid TCDD concentrations ranging from 130 to 144,000 ppt, were modeled using a modified version of a previously published toxicokinetic model for the distribution and elimination of dioxins. The original model structure accounted for a concentration-dependent increase in overall elimination rate for TCDD due to nonlinear distribution of TCDD to the liver ( secondary to induction of the binding protein CYP1A2), from which elimination takes place via a first-order process. The original model structure was modified to include elimination due to lipid partitioning of TCDD from circulation into the large intestine, based on published human data. We optimized the fit of the modified model to the data by varying the hepatic elimination rate parameter for each of the 39 people. The model fits indicate that there is significant interindividual variability of TCDD elimination efficiency in humans and also demonstrate faster elimination in men compared to women, and in younger vs. older persons. The data and model results indicate that, for males, the mean apparent half-life for TCDD ( as reflected in changes in predicted serum lipid TCDD level) ranges from less than 3 years at serum lipid levels above 10,000 ppt to over 10 years at serum lipid levels below 50 ppt. Application of the model to serum sampling data from the cohort of US herbicide-manufacturing workers assembled by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) indicates that previous estimates of peak serum lipid TCDD concentrations in dioxin-exposed manufacturing workers, based on first-order back-extrapolations with half-lives of 7 - 9 years, may have underestimated the maximum concentrations in these workers and other occupational cohorts by several-fold to an order of magnitude or more. Such dose estimates, based on a single sampling point decades after last exposure, are highly variable and dependent on a variety of assumptions and factors that cannot be fully determined, including interindividual variations in elimination efficiency. Dose estimates for these cohorts should be re-evaluated in light of the demonstration of concentration-dependent elimination kinetics for TCDD, and the large degree of uncertainty in back-calculated dose estimates should be explicitly incorporated in quantitative estimates of TCDD's carcinogenic potency based on such data. C1 Exponent Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Math & Stat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Math, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Montreal, Fac Med, Dept Sante Environm & Sante Travail, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Intertox, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. Exponent Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Desio Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Milan, Italy. San Leopoldo Mand Hosp, Dept Clin Pathol, Lecce, Italy. RP Aylward, LL (reprint author), Exponent Inc, 1800 Diagonal Rd,Suite 355, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM laylward@exponent.com RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Aylward, Lesa/F-7418-2012 OI Aylward, Lesa/0000-0003-3191-8175 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES07171] NR 38 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500370 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 884ZO UT WOS:000226125400007 PM 15083163 ER PT J AU Isaacs, S Aramini, J Ciebin, B Farrar, JA Ahmed, R Middleton, D Chandran, AU Harris, LJ Howes, M Chan, E Pichette, AS Campbell, K Gupta, A Lior, LY Pearce, M Clark, C Rodgers, F Jamieson, F Brophy, I Ellis, A AF Isaacs, S Aramini, J Ciebin, B Farrar, JA Ahmed, R Middleton, D Chandran, AU Harris, LJ Howes, M Chan, E Pichette, AS Campbell, K Gupta, A Lior, LY Pearce, M Clark, C Rodgers, F Jamieson, F Brophy, I Ellis, A CA Salmonella Enteritidis PT30 Outbre TI An international outbreak of salmonellosis associated with raw almonds contaminated with a rare phage type of Salmonella enteritidis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROBIAL FLORA; ENVIRONMENTS; CANADA; MEATS AB During the winter of 2000 to 2001, an outbreak due to Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) phage type 30 (PT30), a rare strain. was detected in Canada. The ensuing investigation involved Canadian and American public health and food regulatory agencies and an academic research laboratory. Enhanced laboratory surveillance. including phage typing and pulsed-field eel electrophoresis, was used to identify cases. Case questionnaires were administered to collect information about food and environmental exposures. A case-control study with 16 matched case-control pairs was conducted to test the hypothesis of an association between raw whole almond consumption and infection. Almond samples were collected from case homes. retail outlets. and the implicated processor, and environmental samples were collected from processing equipment and associated farms for microbiological testing. One hundred sixty-eight laboratory-confirmed cases of SE PT30 infection (157 in Canada. I I in the United States) were identified between October 2000 and July 2001. The case-control study identified raw whole almonds as the source of infection (odds ration, 21.1; 95% confidence interval, 3.6 to infinity). SE PT30 was detected in raw whole natural almonds collected from home, retail, distribution, and warehouse sources and from environmental swabs of processing equipment and associated farmers' orchards. The frequent and prolonged recovery of this specific organism from a large agricultural area was an unexpected finding and may indicate significant diffuse contamination on these farms. Identification of almonds as the source of a foodborne outbreak is a previously undocumented finding. leading to a North American recall of this product and a review of current industry practices. C1 Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Foodborne Waterborne & Zoonot Infect Div, Hlth Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5B2, Canada. Minist Hlth & Long Term Care, Cent Publ Hlth Lab, Lab Branch, Etobicoke, ON M9P 3T1, Canada. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Food & Drug Branch, Sacramento, CA 94234 USA. Hlth Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Natl Lab Enter Pathogens, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. Minist Hlth & Long Term Care, Dis Control Serv, Pub Hlth Branch, Toronto, ON M2M 4K5, Canada. Hlth Canada, Populat & Publ Hlth Branch, Canadian Field Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Burnaby, BC V5G 4P2, Canada. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Epidem Intelligent Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vancouver Isl Hlth Author, Victoria, BC V8T 4E2, Canada. Dept Hlth & Wellness, Provincial Epidemiol Serv, Fredericton, NB E3A 3N6, Canada. RP Isaacs, S (reprint author), Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Foodborne Waterborne & Zoonot Infect Div, Hlth Canada, 160 Res Lane,Unit 206, Guelph, ON N1G 5B2, Canada. EM sandy_isaacs@hc-sc.gc.ca RI Harris, Linda/B-5030-2011; Jamieson, Frances/B-2040-2013 OI Harris, Linda/0000-0002-1911-752X; NR 36 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 25 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 68 IS 1 BP 191 EP 198 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 886ZU UT WOS:000226272600031 PM 15690826 ER PT J AU Nisbet, DJ Lee, KJ van den Hurk, AF Johansen, CA Kuno, G Chang, GJJ Mackenzie, JS Ritchie, SA Hall, RA AF Nisbet, DJ Lee, KJ van den Hurk, AF Johansen, CA Kuno, G Chang, GJJ Mackenzie, JS Ritchie, SA Hall, RA TI Identification of new flaviviruses in the Kokobera virus complex SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; CAPE-YORK PENINSULA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS; AUSTRALIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; QUEENSLAND; ISOLATIONS; SEQUENCES; HUMANS AB Novel flavivirus isolates from mosquitoes collected in northern Australia were analysed by partial genomic sequencing, monoclonal antibody-binding assays and polyclonal cross-neutralization tests. Two isolates were found to be antigenically distinct from, but related to, viruses of the Kokobera virus complex, which currently contains Kokobera (KOKV) and Stratford (STRV) viruses. Nucleotide sequence comparison of two separate regions of the genome revealed that an isolate from Saibai Island in the Torres Strait in 2000 (TS5273) was related closely to KOKV and STRV, with 74-80 and 75-76% nucleotide similarity, respectively. An isolate from mainland Cape York in 1998 (CY1014) was found to be more divergent from KOKV and STRV, with <70% nucleotide sequence similarity to either virus. It is proposed that isolate TS5273 represents a new subtype of KOKV and that CY1014 be classified as a novel species within the Kokobera virus complex of flaviviruses, named New Mapoon virus. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Mol & Microbial Sci, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Trop Publ Hlth Unit, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. RP Hall, RA (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Mol & Microbial Sci, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM roy.hall@uq.edu.au RI Johansen, Cheryl/A-2208-2009; van den Hurk, Andrew/G-7992-2012 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 86 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1099/vir.0.80381-0 PN 1 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 888QT UT WOS:000226390000014 PM 15604438 ER PT J AU Reynolds, B Seeger, MW AF Reynolds, B Seeger, MW TI Crisis and emergency risk communication as an integrative model SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National-Communication-Association Convention CY NOV 19-23, 2002 CL Miami, FL ID FEAR APPEALS AB This article describes a model of communication known as crisis and emergency risk communication (CERC). The model is outlined as a merger of many, traditional notions of health and risk communication with work in crisis and disaster communication. The specific kinds of communication activities that should be called for at various stages of disaster or crisis development are outlined. Although crises are by definition uncertain, equivocal, and often chaotic situations, the CERC model is presented as a tool health communicators can use to help manage these complex events. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Commun, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Seeger, MW (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Commun, 585 Manooqian Hall, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM Matthew.Seeger@Wayne.edu NR 45 TC 121 Z9 125 U1 7 U2 49 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1080/10810730590904571 PG 13 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 903PP UT WOS:000227438400004 PM 15764443 ER PT J AU Appleby, PR Marks, G Ayala, A Miller, LC Murphy, S Mansergh, G AF Appleby, PR Marks, G Ayala, A Miller, LC Murphy, S Mansergh, G TI Consideration of future consequences and unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men SO JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY LA English DT Article DE MSM; HIV/AIDS; predictors of sexual risk; consideration of future consequences ID TIME PERSPECTIVE; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; DIMENSIONS; RISK; BAREBACKING; ORIENTATION; BEHAVIOR AB This study of men who have sex with men (MSM) examined whether tendencies to consider the future consequences of one's actions were associated with sexual behaviors that place oneself at risk for HIV infection. A total of 339 HIV-negative MSM responded to the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFC; Strathman et al., 1994) and to questions about their anal intercourse practices in the past year. In bivariate analyses, men with a stronger future orientation were less likely to engage in anal intercourse unprotected by a condom (P <.05). Multivariate analyses revealed that CFC accounted for significant variance in three of four measures of unprotected anal sex after statistically controlling for demographic covariates (education, income, ethnicity, age). CFC was a better predictor of sexual behavior and accounted for more unique variance than any of the demographic factors. Additional research is needed to confirm that CFC is an antecedent of behavior and to examine the feasibility and efficacy of focusing on CFC in HIV prevention interventions. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Appleby, PR (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM appleby@usc.edu RI Miller, Lynn/E-8101-2010 OI Miller, Lynn/0000-0003-3379-3564 NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0091-8369 J9 J HOMOSEXUAL JI J. Homosex. PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 119 EP 133 DI 10.1300/J082v50n01_06 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 019DA UT WOS:000235814600006 PM 16368667 ER PT J AU Dull, PM Abdelwahab, J Sacchi, CT Becker, M Noble, CA Barnett, GA Kaiser, RM Mayer, LW Whitney, AM Schmink, S Ajello, GW Dolan-Livengood, J Stephens, DS Cetron, MS Popovic, T Rosenstein, NE AF Dull, PM Abdelwahab, J Sacchi, CT Becker, M Noble, CA Barnett, GA Kaiser, RM Mayer, LW Whitney, AM Schmink, S Ajello, GW Dolan-Livengood, J Stephens, DS Cetron, MS Popovic, T Rosenstein, NE TI Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 carriage among US travelers to the 2001 Hajj SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY; PILGRIMS; CONTACTS; CAPSULE; COMPLEX AB In 2000, a large international outbreak of meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 was identified among pilgrims returning from the Hajj in Saudi Arabia. To assess ongoing risk, we evaluated N. meningitidis carriage among US travelers to the 2001 Hajj. Of 25 N. meningitidis isolates obtained, 15 (60%) were nongroupable and 8 (32%) were serogroup W-135 when tested by standard slide-agglutination techniques. Two additional nongroupable isolates were characterized as serogroup W-135 when tested by polymerase chain reaction. Nine of 10 serogroup W-135 isolates were indistinguishable from the Hajj-2000 clone. None of the departing, but 9 (1.3%) of the returning, pilgrims carried serogroup W-135 (P = .01); all carriers reported previous vaccination. Carriage of N. meningitidis serogroup W-135 increased significantly in pilgrims returning from the Hajj. Although the risk of disease to pilgrims appears to be low, the risk of spread to others of this pathogenic strain remains a concern. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidem Intelligene Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Epidemiol Sect, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rosenstein, NE (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol Sect, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,NCID, C-09,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nar5@cdc.gov RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1086/425927 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 877JF UT WOS:000225564000006 PM 15593000 ER PT J AU Kayentao, K Kodio, M Newman, RD Maiga, H Doumtabe, D Ongoiba, A Coulibaly, D Keita, AS Maiga, B Mungai, M Parise, ME Doumbo, O AF Kayentao, K Kodio, M Newman, RD Maiga, H Doumtabe, D Ongoiba, A Coulibaly, D Keita, AS Maiga, B Mungai, M Parise, ME Doumbo, O TI Comparison of intermittent preventive treatment with chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy in Mali SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; RURAL MALAWI; CHLOROQUINE CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; INFECTION; EFFICACY; PROPHYLAXIS; RESISTANCE; MORBIDITY AB Background. Malaria during pregnancy contributes to maternal anemia and low birth weight. In East Africa, several studies have demonstrated that intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is more efficacious than weekly chloroquine (CQ) chemoprophylaxis in preventing these adverse consequences. To our knowledge, there are no published trials evaluating IPT in West Africa. Methods. We undertook a randomized controlled trial of weekly CQ chemoprophylaxis, 2-dose IPT with CQ, and 2-dose IPT with SP; 1163 women were enrolled. Results. In multivariate analyses, when compared with weekly CQ, IPT/SP was associated with a reduction in third-trimester anemia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.49; P < .001), placental parasitemia (AOR, 0.69; P = .04), and low birth weight (<2500 g) (AOR, 0.69; P = .04). The prevalence of placental infection remained. unexpectedly high, even in the IPT/SP group (24.5%), possibly because of the intensity of seasonal transmission. There were no significant differences in stillbirths, spontaneous abortions, or neonatal deaths among the 3 groups. Conclusions. In Mali, IPT with SP appears more efficacious than weekly chloroquine chemoprophylaxis in preventing malaria during pregnancy. These data support World Health Organization recommendations to administer at least 2 doses of IPT during pregnancy. In intensely seasonal transmission settings in Mali, 12 doses may be required to prevent placental reinfection prior to delivery. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Bamako, Fac Med & Dent, Dept Epidemiol & Parasit Dis, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. RP Newman, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ren5@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 1 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1086/426400 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 877JF UT WOS:000225564000017 PM 15593011 ER PT J AU Arnon, SS Schechter, R Maslanka, S Hatheway, CL AF Arnon, SS Schechter, R Maslanka, S Hatheway, CL TI Randomized and open-label clinical trials of human botulism immune globulin intravenous for the treatment of infant botulism. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 SU S MA 436 BP S154 EP S154 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 890VR UT WOS:000226539700449 ER PT J AU Robertson, J Chambers, T Koren, G Lavigne, S Miller, R Polifka, J Moore, C Carey, IC AF Robertson, J Chambers, T Koren, G Lavigne, S Miller, R Polifka, J Moore, C Carey, IC TI Why do pregnancies continue to occur on isotretinoin: Results of a survey study. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Teratol Informat Serv, Toronto, ON, Canada. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 SU S MA 333 BP S136 EP S136 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 890VR UT WOS:000226539700346 ER PT J AU Washington, CH Lovegrove, MC BeaudeRochars, M Sivilus, JS Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ Streit, TG AF Washington, CH Lovegrove, MC BeaudeRochars, M Sivilus, JS Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ Streit, TG TI Assessment of lymphatic filariasis transmission in areas of low prevalence in Haiti. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Hop St Croix, Filariasis Program, Leogane, Haiti. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 SU S MA 442 BP S155 EP S155 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 890VR UT WOS:000226539700455 ER PT J AU Cooper, CP Mallon, KP Leadbetter, S Pollack, LA Peipins, LA AF Cooper, CP Mallon, KP Leadbetter, S Pollack, LA Peipins, LA TI Cancer Internet search activity on a major search engine, United States 2001-2003 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Internet; neoplasms; health education ID NEWSPAPER COVERAGE; MEDICAL INFORMATION; PROSTATE-CANCER; HEALTH; POPULATION; DISEASES; IMPACT; DEATH; RISK; NEWS AB Background: To locate online health information, Internet users typically use a search engine, such as Yahoo! or Google. We studied Yahoo! search activity related to the 23 most common cancers in the United States. Objective: The objective was to test three potential correlates of Yahoo! cancer search activity-estimated cancer incidence, estimated cancer mortality, and the volume of cancer news coverage-and to study the periodicity of and peaks in Yahoo! cancer search activity. Methods: Yahoo! cancer search activity was obtained from a proprietary database called the Yahoo! Buzz Index. The American Cancer Society's estimates of cancer incidence and mortality were used. News reports associated with specific cancer types were identified using the LexisNexis "US News" database, which includes more than 400 national and regional newspapers and a variety of newswire services. Results: The Yahoo! search activity associated with specific cancers correlated with their estimated incidence (Spearman rank correlation, p = 0.50, P =.0 15), estimated mortality (p = 0.66, P =.001), and volume of related news coverage (p = 0.88, P <.001). Yahoo! cancer search activity tended to be higher on weekdays and during national cancer awareness months but lower during summer months; cancer news coverage also tended to follow these trends. Sharp increases in Yahoo! search activity scores from one day to the next appeared to be associated with increases in relevant news coverage. Conclusions: Media coverage appears to play a powerful role in prompting online searches for cancer information. Internet search activity offers an innovative tool for passive surveillance of health information-seeking behavior. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pollack, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lpollack@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH PI TORONTO PA TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL, R FRASER ELLIOTT BLDG, 4TH FL, R 4S435, 190 ELIZABETH ST, TORONTO, ON M5G 2C4, CANADA SN 1438-8871 J9 J MED INTERNET RES JI J. Med. Internet Res. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 DI 10.2196/jmir.7.3.e36 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 970JS UT WOS:000232304600007 ER PT J AU Levett, PN Morey, RE Galloway, RL Turner, DE Steigerwalt, AG Mayer, LW AF Levett, PN Morey, RE Galloway, RL Turner, DE Steigerwalt, AG Mayer, LW TI Detection of pathogenic leptospires by real-time quantitative PCR SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MEMBRANE PROTEIN LIPL32; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; HUMAN-SERUM; ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION AB Definitive diagnosis of leptospirosis has traditionally depended upon the isolation of leptospires from clinical specimens or the demonstration of seroconversion in paired acute and convalescent serum samples. Both of these approaches require expertise not routinely available in clinical Laboratories and usually result in delayed diagnosis. Conventional PCR assays have been developed, bull all have limitations which have restricted their widespread use. In order to overcome these limitations a real-time PCR assay was developed using a 423 bp target on the lipL32 gene, which is conserved among pathogenic serovars of Leptospira. Reactions were monitored by SYBR green fluorescence and melting curve analysis. Representative serovars from 16 species of Leptospira and over 40 species of other bacteria and fungi were tested. Positive results were obtained with all pathogenic leptospiral serovars, with the exception of Leptospira fainei serovar Hurstbridge. The analytical sensitivity of this assay was 3 genome equivalents per reaction; approximately 10 genome equivalents were detectable in human urine. Leptospiral DNA was amplified from blood containing EDTA or citrate anticoagulants, but heparin, sodium polyanetholesulfonate and saponin were inhibitory. The assay successfully detected leptospiral DNA from serum and urine samples of patients with leptospirosis. This assay has the potential to facilitate rapid, sensitive diagnosis of acute leptospirosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Levett, PN (reprint author), Saskatchewan Hlth, Provincial Lab, 3211 Albert St, Regina, SK S4S 5W6, Canada. EM plevett@health.gov.sk.ca NR 27 TC 115 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 54 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.45860-0 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 892VF UT WOS:000226677400008 PM 15591254 ER PT J AU Law, MR Palomaki, G Alfirevic, Z Gilbert, R Heath, P McCartney, C Reid, T Schrag, S AF Law, MR Palomaki, G Alfirevic, Z Gilbert, R Heath, P McCartney, C Reid, T Schrag, S TI The prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal disease: a report by a working group of the Medical Screening Society SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; INVASIVE DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; POLYSACCHARIDE; SEPSIS; COLONIZATION AB Streptococcus agalactiae, or Lancefield group B streptococcus (GBS), is the most frequent cause of serious bacterial sepsis, including neonatal meningitis, in UK neonates. Early-onset neonatal GBS infection, but not late-onset, can be prevented by screening to identify high-risk pregnancies and administering penicillin during delivery. g delivery. A vaccine has been developed as an alternative means of g penicillin during prevention but it is awaiting a randomized trial before being available for general use. In this review we examine the published literature to assess the morbidity and mortality attributable to neonatal GBS infection, quantify the screening performance of the two alternative modes of screening (microbiological and risk factor based), review the evidence on the efficacy of the vaccine, and estimate the numbers of deaths and cases of serious disability that each strategy in turn might prevent in the UK, in order to assess the most effective means of prevention for the UK. C1 Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, London EC1M 6BQ, England. Women & Infants Hosp Rhode Isl, Dept Pathol, Div Med Screening, Providence, RI USA. Liverpool Womens Hosp, Liverpool L8 7SS, Merseyside, England. Inst Child Hlth, Ctr Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, London WC1N 1EH, England. St George Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth, London SW17 0RE, England. Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, London NW9 5HT, England. Grampian Univ Hosp Trust, Dept Med Microbiol, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, Scotland. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Law, MR (reprint author), Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, Charterhouse Sq, London EC1M 6BQ, England. EM m.r.law@qmul.ac.uk NR 55 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0969-1413 J9 J MED SCREEN JI J. Med. Screen. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1258/0969141053908366 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 002CQ UT WOS:000234589400004 PM 15949116 ER PT J AU Kalish, RB Branum, A Sharma, G Keith, LG Blickstein, I AF Kalish, RB Branum, A Sharma, G Keith, LG Blickstein, I TI Gestational age-specific distribution of twin birth weight discordance SO JOURNAL OF PERINATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE birth weight; discordance; fetal growth; multifetal gestation; neonatal mortality; twins ID GROWTH DISCORDANCY; FETAL-GROWTH; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; PRETERM BIRTH; UNITED-STATES; PREGNANCIES; RISK; DIFFERENCE; PREDICTION AB Aim: To examine the gestational age-specific distribution of twin birth weight discordance. Methods: We analyzed all liveborn twin sets between 28 and 40 weeks' gestation from the United States 1995-1998 Multiple Matched Birth Data Set compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. We calculated the 50th and 95th percentiles of birth weight discordance at each gestational age. Neonatal mortality rates were calculated for discordant twins at the 95th percentile of birth weight discordance for each gestational age. Results: At older gestational ages, the 95th percentile of birth weight discordance resulted in an inter-twin birth weight difference of approximately 25%, a value often used to define twins as birth weight discordant. However, at earlier gestational ages, the 95th percentile of birth weight discordance was greater, reaching nearly 50% at 28 weeks. Conclusions: The inter-twin birth weight difference at the 95th percentile is greater at lower gestational ages, possibly illustrating the different nature or severity of twin birth weight discordance at an earlier gestational age. C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Feinberg Sch Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NW Mem Hosp, Matern Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Kaplan Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rehovot, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Kalish, RB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, 525 E 68th St,Suite J-130, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM robinkal@aol.com NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0300-5577 J9 J PERINAT MED JI J. Perinat. Med. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.1515/JPM.2005.022 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 912FF UT WOS:000228062300006 PM 15843260 ER PT J AU Arrington, MI Grant, CH Vanderford, ML AF Arrington, MI Grant, CH Vanderford, ML TI Man to man and side by side, they cope with prostate cancer: Self-help and social support SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOCIAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Kentucky Conference on Health Communication CY 1998 CL Lexington, KY DE prostate cancer; social support; self-help; group facilitator ID HEALTH BEHAVIORS; BREAST-CANCER; STRESS; SURVIVAL; INTEGRATION; FAMILY AB Prostate cancer affects men and their loved ones; consequently, survivors and their wives can gain from social support throughout the illness experience. After observing meetings of a support group for prostate cancer survivors and their partners, the authors used the constant comparison method to draw conclusions about the types of support generated in the men's and women's divisions of the group. The authors concluded that both divisions served as sites of information but not as scenes of practical assistance. The authors also found that the discursive practices of the groups and the structural elements of the group meetings inhibited emotional support through topic turning, comparisons between members, and the role of group facilitators. The authors consider the study's implications for support group leaders and scholars. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Commun, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. E Carolina Univ, Sch Commun, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Arrington, MI (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Commun, 247 Grehan Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM michaelarrington@uky.edu; Grantc@mail.ecu.edu; mev7@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0734-7332 J9 J PSYCHOSOC ONCOL JI J. Psychosoc. Oncol. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4 BP 81 EP 102 DI 10.1300/J077v23n04_05 PG 22 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 050DD UT WOS:000238066800005 PM 16618689 ER PT J AU Valdiserri, RO AF Valdiserri, RO TI A future free of HIV: What will it take? SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. RP Valdiserri, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E07, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. EM rov1@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 914QU UT WOS:000228243400001 PM 15692285 ER PT J AU Niskar, AS Buchanan, S Meyer, PA AF Niskar, AS Buchanan, S Meyer, PA TI A federal agency's role in fulfilling the public health core functions: The Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program model SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE assessment; assurance; CDC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; childhood lead poisoning; policy; prevention; public health core functions ID LOCAL HEALTH; NATIONAL SURVEY; PRIVATIZATION; EXPOSURE; DEPARTMENTS; PERFORMANCE; DIRECTORS; EDUCATION; CHILDREN AB The Institute of Medicine identified 3 core functions of public health: assessment, policy development, and assurance. Federal, state, and local public health agencies all have an obligation to provide these vital functions to ensure conditions in which people can be healthy. However, the few publications that provide core function applications only focus on applications at the local or state levels. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program uses a comprehensive public health approach. This article describes the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's leading role in applying the core public health functions to prevent childhood lead poisoning. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Niskar, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop F-40, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 914QU UT WOS:000228243400009 PM 15692293 ER PT J AU Yeung, SS Genaidy, A Deddens, J Sauter, S AF Yeung, SS Genaidy, A Deddens, J Sauter, S TI The relationship between protective and risk characteristics of acting and experienced workload, and musculoskeletal disorder cases among nurses SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE musculoskeletal symptoms; single body regions; work demands; work energizers; nursing ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; JOB-STRESS MODELS; NURSING PERSONNEL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; WORKING POPULATION; RANDOM SAMPLE; BODY REGIONS; SYMPTOMS; INJURIES AB Problems: Limited research is available on the acting (work characteristics) and experienced (perceived stress) workload of nurses. The relationship between risk and protective characteristics of work-related factors and the prevalence of musculoskletal symptoms in different body regions is also unclear. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional design with 97 female registered nurses working in a hospital setting. Two surveys were used to document the workload exposure of the nurses. One survey consisted of 148 items aimed to measure the acting workload variables from the environment; the other survey included 33 items that were aimed to measure the nurses' experienced workload. The musculoskeletal outcomes were documented with a modified version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom Survey. Results: Factor analyses revealed three factors that accounted for 56% of the total variance. Factor 1 (i.e., integrated experienced energy replenishment/ expenditure) represented the psychological effects of work characteristics, effort, perceived risk, and performance. Factor 2 (i.e., acting energy replenishment/expenditure) consisted of non-physical variables of the work characteristics, while Factor 3 (i.e., acting energy expenditure) included both acting and experienced workload. Logistic regression analyses indicated that Factor 3 was significantly associated with the musculoskeletal symptoms of lower and upper back, hands/wrists, and knees/lower legs (odds ratios > 1.0). Factor 2 was significantly associated with the musculoskeletal symptoms of the upper back and knees/lower legs (odds ratios < 1.0). Summary: Both the acting and experienced workloads exhibited associations with musculoskeletal outcomes in the lower back, upper back, hands/wrists, and knees/lower legs in terms of risk and protective effects. (c) 2005 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Ind & Mfg Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Rehabil Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Genaidy, A (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Ind & Mfg Engn Program, Mail Locat 0072, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM ash.genaidy@uc.edu NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2004.12.002 PG 11 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 907VA UT WOS:000227744900009 PM 15752486 ER PT J AU Hendricks, KJ Myers, JR Layne, LA Goldcamp, EM AF Hendricks, KJ Myers, JR Layne, LA Goldcamp, EM TI Household youth on minority operated farms in the United States, 2000: Exposures to and injuries from work, horses, ATVs and tractors SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE agriculture; surveillance; minority; injury; youth ID NORTH-CAROLINA; AGRICULTURAL INJURY; CHILDREN; HAZARDS; RECALL AB Introduction: It is likely that youth living on minority operated farms (< 3% of U.S. farms) face hazards similar to the general farm population; however, since minority youth are not well represented by general farm surveys, this information hasn't been confirmed. Method: Nonfatal injury and exposure data were obtained from the 2000 Minority Farm Operator Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey (M-CAIS). Results: On racial minority farms, there were an estimated 28,600 household youth. Of these, about 41% worked, 26% rode a horse, 23% drove an ATV, and 23% operated a tractor. On Hispanic farms, there were an estimated 17,998 household youth. Of these, 44% worked, 30% rode a horse, 27% drove an ATV, and 25% operated a tractor. Conclusions: These results show the value of conducting a survey of minorities to identify high risk groups and target issues that may be unique to the minority farm population. © 2005 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hendricks, KJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 1808, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM khendricks@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2005.01.002 PG 9 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 932PE UT WOS:000229565000005 PM 15882873 ER PT J AU Dellinger, AM AF Dellinger, AM TI Non-fatal transportation injuries among women: Differences in injury patterns and severity by age SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MAJOR TRAUMA; MEN; OUTCOMES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dellinger, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM adellinger@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2005.02.002 PG 4 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 932PE UT WOS:000229565000011 PM 15885704 ER PT J AU Biddle, E Ray, T Owusu-Edusei, K Camm, T AF Biddle, E Ray, T Owusu-Edusei, K Camm, T TI Synthesis and recommendations of the economic evaluation of OHS interventions at the company level conference SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Economic Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety Interventions at the Company Level CY NOV, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, WHO, Int Labour Org, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth DE occupational health and safety; economic evaluation; corporate enterprises; small and medium enterprises; developing and transitioning nations; economic theory AB Problem: In today's economic environment, enterprises may not be able to fund every new project aimed at promoting health and safety in the workplace. Company level economic evaluation of interventions can provide guidance in sound business decision-making. The Economic Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety Interventions at the Company Level Meeting brought together members of the global occupational safety and health community interested in encouraging the use of economic knowledge and tools to evaluate economic gains from occupational health and safety interventions. Discussion: Discussions of the six models presented explored similarities, reliability, and potential use by corporate enterprises, small and medium enterprises, developing and transitioning nations, and economic theorists. Each group provided specific projects that could be pursued to advance knowledge in the area of economic evaluation at the company level. Conclusion: This conference established pathway to incorporate economic evaluation of health and safety interventions or programs at the workplace. (c) 2005 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Biddle, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S 1811, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM EBiddle@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2005.06.008 PG 7 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 954LI UT WOS:000231156200008 PM 16038935 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ AF Paulozzi, LJ TI The role of sales of new motorcycles in a recent increase in motorcycle mortality rates SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE motor vehicle; motorcycle; injury; surveillance; traffic accident ID INJURY; RISK AB introduction: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has reported that mortality rates from crashes among motorcycle riders in the United States increased from 21.0 per 100 million motorcycle miles traveled in 1997 to 38.4 per 100 million motorcycle miles traveled in 2003. At the same time, annual domestic sales of new, on-road motorcycles increased from 247,000 in 1997 to 648,000 in 2003. Method: This study used data from the NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System and annual sales figures for on-road motorcycles to determine if newer motorcycles were more likely to be involved in fatal crashes and if fatal crashes involving newer motorcycles could account for the mortality increase after 1997. Results: Mortality rates were 7.9, 8.1, 5.4, and 2.9 per 10,000 motorcycles sold for motorcycles < 1, 1-3, 4-6, and 7-11 years old, respectively, from 1994 to 2003. Assuming complete registration, the number of motorcycles sold during the 2000-2003 time period accounted for 42.4% of the total number of motorcycles registered in 2003. Motorcycles sold during 2000-2003 were associated with 52.5% of all motorcycle deaths in 2003. The increase in the number of deaths associated with motorcycles less than four years old between 1997 and 2003 accounted for 78.1% of the total increase in motorcyclist deaths over this time period. Conclusions: Two possible explanations for the association between high sales volumes and mortality rates are: (a) increased exposure from more extensive use of motorcycles when they are new; and (b) inexperience with motorcycle riding or with specific motorcycles. Impact on industry: This study suggests that the deaths of growing numbers of motorcyclists are a consequence of the financial success of the motorcycle industry. (c) 2005 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Lbp4@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 4 BP 361 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2005.07.002 PG 4 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 982HP UT WOS:000233149000007 PM 16213526 ER PT J AU Stevens, JA AF Stevens, JA TI Falls among older adults - risk factors and prevention strategies SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE elderly; falls; injury; interventions; prevention AB The Journal of Safety Research has partnered with the Injury Center at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, to briefly report on some of the latest findings in the research community. This report is the third in a series of CDC articles. Look for other such articles in future issue of the Journal of Safety Research. (c) 2005 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Stevens, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jas2@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 4 BP 409 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2005.08.001 PG 3 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 982HP UT WOS:000233149000012 PM 16242155 ER PT J CA Global Tobacco Surveillance Syst Collaborating Grp TI Global tobacco surveillance system (GTSS): Purpose, production, and potential SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID YOUTH AB The World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Canadian Public Health Association (CPHA) developed the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS) to assist all 192 WHO Member States in collecting data on youth and adult tobacco use. The flexible GTSS system includes common data items but allows countries to include important unique information at their discretion. It uses a common survey methodology, similar field procedures for data collection, and similar data management and processing techniques. The GTSS includes collection of data through three surveys: the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) for youth, and the Global School Personnel Survey (GSPS) and the Global Health Professional Survey (GHPS) for adults. GTSS data potentially can be applied in four ways. First, countries and research partners can disseminate data through publications, presentations, and an active GTSS web site. Second, countries can use GTSS data to inform politicians about the tobacco problem in their country, leading to new policy decisions to prevent and control tobacco use. Third, GTSS can provide countries with valuable feedback to evaluate and improve Country National Action Plans or develop new plans. Fourth, in response to the WHO FCTC call for countries to use consistent methods and procedures in their surveillance efforts, GTSS offers such consistency in sampling procedures, core questionnaire items, training infield procedures, and analysis of data across all survey sites. The GTSS represents the most comprehensive tobacco surveillance system ever developed and implemented. As an example, this paper describes development of the GYTS and discusses potential uses of he data. Sample data were drawn from 38 sites in 24 countries in the African Region, 82 sites in 35 countries in the Americas Region, 20 sites in 17 countries and the Gaza Strip/West Bank region in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 25 sites in 22 countries in the European Region, 34 sites in six countries in the Southeast Asia Region, and 25 sites in 14 countries in the Western Pacific Region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS- K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD JAN PY 2005 VL 75 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 896RW UT WOS:000226952200004 ER PT J AU Oster, NV Mcphillips-Tangum, CA Averhoff, F Howell, K AF Oster, NV Mcphillips-Tangum, CA Averhoff, F Howell, K TI Barriers to adolescent immunization: A survey of family physicians and pediatricians SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID VARICELLA VACCINATION; IMPLEMENTATION; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; FOCUS AB Background: Although early childhood vaccination rates have increased, many adolescents are not up to date on recommended vaccinations. We assessed attitudes and practices of family physicians and pediatricians regarding adolescent vaccination to identify provider-level barriers that may contribute to low immunization rates. Methods: A 94-item self-report questionnaire was mailed to 400 physicians contracted with a managed care organization. Physicians were queried about demographic characteristics, source of vaccine recommendations, adolescent immunization practices, barriers to immunizing adolescents, and use of reminder/recall systems. Results: Response rate was 59%. Most respondents reported routinely recommending vaccines for tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (98%), Hepatitis B (90%), and measles, mumps, and rubella (84%), whereas 60% routinely recommended varicella vaccine. Physicians reported that they were more likely to assess immunization status, administer indicated immunizations, and schedule return immunization visits to younger adolescents (11 to 13 years old) than to older adolescents (14 to 18 and 19 to 21 years old). Conclusion: Most respondents reported recommending the appropriate vaccinations during preventive health visits; however, older adolescents were least likely to be targeted for immunization assessment and administration of all recommended vaccines. C1 ECHOQ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Oster, NV (reprint author), ECHOQ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 6th Floor,1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM noster@sph.emory.edu NR 17 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY PRACTICE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 0893-8652 J9 J AM BOARD FAM PRACT JI J. Am. Board Fam. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 897CT UT WOS:000226982300003 PM 15709059 ER PT J AU Coresh, J Byrd-Holt, D Astor, BC Briggs, JP Eggers, PW Lacher, DA Hostetter, TH AF Coresh, J Byrd-Holt, D Astor, BC Briggs, JP Eggers, PW Lacher, DA Hostetter, TH TI Chronic kidney disease awareness, prevalence, and trends among US adults, 1999 to 2000 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION RATE; HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; SERUM CREATININE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POPULATION; INSUFFICIENCY AB The incidence of kidney failure treatment in the United States increased 57% from 1991 to 2000. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence was 11% among U.S. adults surveyed in 1988 to 1994. The objective of this study was to estimate awareness of CKD in the U.S. population during 1999 to 2000 and to determine whether the prevalence of CKD in the United States increased compared with 1988 to 1994. Analysis was conducted of nationally representative samples of noninstitutionalized adults, aged 20 yr and older, in two National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted in 1988 to 1994 (n = 15,488) and 1999 to 2000 (n = 4101) for prevalence SE. Awareness of CKD is self-reported. Kidney function (GFR), kidney damage (microalbuminuria or greater), and stages of CKD (GFR and albuminuria) were estimated from calibrated serum creatinine, spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), age, gender, and race. GFR was estimated using the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation. Self-reported awareness of weak or failing kidneys in 1999 to 2000 was strongly associated with decreased kidney function and albuminuria but was low even in the presence of both conditions. Only 24.3 +/- 6.4% of patients at GFR 15 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and albuminuria were aware of CKD compared with 1.1 +/- 0.3% at GFR of 90 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) or greater and no microalbuminuria. At moderately decreased kidney function (GFR 30 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), awareness was much lower among women than men (2.9 +/- 1.6 versus 17.9 +/- 5.9%; P = 0.008). The prevalence of moderately or severely decreased kidney function (GFR 15 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) remained stable over the past decade (4.4 +/- 0.3% in 1988 to 1994 and 3.8 +/- 0.4% in 1999 to 2000; P = 0.23). At the same time, the prevalence of albuminuria (ACR 2: 30 mg/g) in single spot urine increased from 8.2 +/- 0.4% to 10.1 +/- 0.7% (P = 0.01). Overall CKD prevalence was similar in both surveys (9% using ACR > 30 mg/g for persistent microalbuminuria; 11% in 1988 to 1994 and 12% in 1999 to 2000 using gender-specific ACR cutoffs). Despite a high prevalence, CKD awareness in the U.S. population is low. In contrast to the dramatic increase in treated kidney failure, overall CKD prevalence in the U.S. population has been relatively stable. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Soc & Sci Syst Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. NIDDKD, Div Kidney Urol & Hematol Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Coresh, J (reprint author), 2024 E Monument St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM coresh@jhu.edu RI Briggs, Josephine/B-9394-2009 OI Briggs, Josephine/0000-0003-0798-1190 FU NCRR NIH HHS [5M01RR00722, RR00035]; NIDDK NIH HHS [1R21DK67651, N01-DK-1-2478] NR 31 TC 476 Z9 497 U1 2 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 180 EP 188 PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 883JZ UT WOS:000226008700025 PM 15563563 ER PT J AU Schwartz, E Kozarsky, P Wilson, M Cetron, M AF Schwartz, E Kozarsky, P Wilson, M Cetron, M TI Schistosome infection among river rafters on Omo River, Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRAVELERS; HEMATOSPERMIA; AFRICA; MALI AB Background: Adventure trips to Africa have become more frequent, and rafting on some of the great rivers has become almost commonplace. We describe three rafting trips on the Omo River in Ethiopia, after which most of the participants were diagnosed with schistosomiasis. Methods: After index cases from the three groups came to medical attention, active surveillance detected outbreaks of illness in a group of American travelers (n = 18) in 1993 and in two groups of Israeli travelers in 1997 (n = 26). Results: Of 44 travelers, 37 were screened and 28 (76%) were infected, all with Schistosoma mansoni. Among the infected patients, 16 of 28 (57%) were symptomatic, the most frequent manifestation being fever, which occurred in 14 of 25(56%) cough occurred in 6 of 18 (33%). Diagnosis was based on FAST-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with confirmation by immunoblot. Other rafting trips on the Omo River sponsored by the same tour companies did not result in symptomatic infection. Investigation of the rafting itineraries suggested the route may have been altered from the usual for these three groups, exposing them to a part of the river that is wider, slower moving, and more densely populated. Conclusions: Schistosomiasis should be considered in febrile patients following rafting trips in schistosome-endemic areas. As asymptomatic schistosomiasis in travelers is also common (43% in this series), all travelers exposed to freshwater in endemic areas should be encouraged to undergo serologic screening. C1 Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Ctr Geog Med, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schwartz, E (reprint author), Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Ctr Geog Med, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 893GW UT WOS:000226708300002 PM 15996460 ER PT J AU Roberts, A Vogel, L Guarner, J Hayes, N Murphy, B Zaki, S Subbarao, K AF Roberts, A Vogel, L Guarner, J Hayes, N Murphy, B Zaki, S Subbarao, K TI Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of Golden Syrian hamsters SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS TYPE-3; SARS CORONAVIRUS; MUCOSAL IMMUNIZATION; AFRICAN-GREEN; MONKEYS; PROTEIN; REPLICATION; INFLUENZA; SINGAPORE; VACCINE AB Small animal models are needed in order to evaluate the efficacy of candidate vaccines and antivirals directed against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV). We investigated the ability of SARS CoV to infect 5-week-old Golden Syrian hamsters. When administered intranasally, SARS CoV replicates to high titers in the lungs and nasal turbinates. Peak replication in the lower respiratory tract was noted on day 2 postinfection (p.i.) and was cleared by day 7 p.i. Low levels of virus were present in the nasal turbinates of a few hamsters at 14 days p.i. Viral replication in epithelial cells of the respiratory tract was accompanied by cellular necrosis early in infection, followed by an inflammatory response coincident with viral clearance, focal consolidation in pulmonary tissue, and eventual pulmonary tissue repair. Despite high levels of virus replication and associated pathology in the respiratory tract, the hamsters showed no evidence of disease. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in sera at day 7 p.i., and mean titers at day 28 p.i. exceeded 1:400. Hamsters challenged with SARS CoV at day 28 p.i. were completely protected from virus replication and accompanying pathology in the respiratory tract. Comparing these data to the mouse model, SARS CoV replicates to a higher titer and for a longer duration in the respiratory tract of hamsters and is accompanied by significant pathology that is absent in mice. Viremia and extrapulmonary spread of SARS CoV to liver and spleen, which are seen in hamsters, were not detected in mice. The hamster, therefore, is superior to the mouse as a model for the evaluation of antiviral agents and candidate vaccines against SARS CoV replication. C1 NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Roberts, A (reprint author), NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 50,Room 6513,50 S Dr,MSC 8007, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ajroberts@niaid.nih.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 27 TC 101 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 79 IS 1 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.1.503-511.2005 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 881YF UT WOS:000225904700047 PM 15596843 ER PT J AU Calisher, CH Root, JJ Mills, JN Rowe, JE Reeder, SA Jentes, ES Wagoner, K Beaty, BJ AF Calisher, CH Root, JJ Mills, JN Rowe, JE Reeder, SA Jentes, ES Wagoner, K Beaty, BJ TI Epizootiology of Sin Nombre and El Moro Canyon hantavirusts, southeastern Colorado, 1995-2000 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antibody; deer mice; hantaviruses; Peromyscus maniculatus; Reithrodontomys megalotis; rodents; western harvest mice ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; RODENT POPULATIONS; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; PULMONARY SYNDROME; RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; NORTH-AMERICA; SMALL MAMMALS; LONG-TERM; VIRUS; PREVALENCE AB Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is an etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. To better understand the natural history of this virus we studied population dynamics and temporal pattern of infection of its rodent hosts in southeastern Colorado (USA) from 1995 to 2000. We present evidence for the presence of two hantaviruses, SNV in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and El Moro Canyon virus in western harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis), at our study sites. Sin Nombre virus appeared only sporadically in deer mouse populations; overall prevalence of antibody to SNV was 2.6%. El Moro Canyon virus was enzootic: seroconversions occurred throughout the year; antibody prevalence (11.-9% overall) showed a delayed-density-dependent pattern, peaking as relative abundance of mice was declining. Males of both host species were more frequently infected than were females. An apparently lower mean survivorship (persistence at the trapping site) for SNV antibody-positive deer mice could indicate a detrimental effect of SNV on its host, but might also be explained by the fact that antibody-positive mice were older when first captured. C1 Colorado State Univ, Arthropodborne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Nevada, Nevada Genom Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Calisher, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Arthropodborne & Infect Dis Lab, Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM calisher@cybercell.net FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU809862-03] NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 920RP UT WOS:000228708100001 PM 15827206 ER PT J AU Calisher, CH Milis, JN Sweeney, WP Root, JJ Reeder, SA Jentes, ES Wagoner, K Beaty, BJ AF Calisher, CH Milis, JN Sweeney, WP Root, JJ Reeder, SA Jentes, ES Wagoner, K Beaty, BJ TI Population dynamics of a diverse rodent assemblage in mixed grass-shrub habitat, southeastern Colorado, 1995-2000 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE abiotic environment; Colorado; grass-shrub habitat; population dynamics; rainfall; rodents; temperature ID ARGENTINE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; NATURAL-HISTORY; HANTAVIRUS; VIRUS; RESERVOIR; FLUCTUATIONS AB We followed seasonal and year-to-year population dynamics for a diverse rodent assemblage in a short-grass prairie ecosystem in southeastern Colorado (USA) for 6 yr. We captured 2,798 individual rodents (range, one to 812 individuals per species) belonging to 19 species. The two most common species, deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and western harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis), generally had population peaks in winter and nadirs in summer; several other murid species demonstrated autumn peaks and spring nadirs; heteromyids were infrequently captured in winter, and populations generally peaked in summer or autumn. Interannual trends indicated an interactive effect between temperature and precipitation. Conditions associated with low rodent populations or population declines were high precipitation during cold periods (autumn and winter) and low precipitation during warm periods (spring and summer). Severity of adverse effects varied by species. Heteromyids, for example, were apparently not negatively affected by the hot, dry spring and summer of 2000. Cross-correlations for the temporal series of relative population abundances between species pairs (which are affected by both seasonal and interannual population dynamics) revealed positive associations among most murids and among most heteromyids, but there were negative associations between murids and heteromyids. These results have important implications for those attempting to model population dynamics of rodent populations for purposes of predicting disease risk. C1 Colorado State Univ, Arthropodborne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Calisher, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Arthropodborne & Infect Dis Lab, Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM calisher@cybercell.net FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU809862-03] NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 12 EP 28 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 920RP UT WOS:000228708100002 PM 15827207 ER PT J AU Jacobson, ER Ginn, PE Troutman, JM Farina, L Stark, L Klenk, K Burkhalter, KL Komar, N AF Jacobson, ER Ginn, PE Troutman, JM Farina, L Stark, L Klenk, K Burkhalter, KL Komar, N TI West Nile virus infection in farmed American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in Florida SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alligator mississippiensis; American alligator; infection; molecular virology; pathology; West Nile virus ID NEW-YORK; EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; RAPID DETECTION; CROCODILES; MOSQUITOS; BIRDS; MORTALITY; PATHOLOGY; STRAIN; CULEX AB In September and October 2002, an epizootic of neurologic disease occurred at an alligator farm in Florida (USA). Three affected American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) were euthanatized and necropsied, and results confirmed infection with West Nile virus (WNV). The most significant microscopic lesions were a moderate heterophilic to lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalomyelitis, necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis, pancreatic necrosis, myocardial degeneration with necrosis, mild interstitial pneumonia, heterophilic necrotizing stomatitis, and glossitis. Immunohistochemistry identified WNV antigen, with the most intense staining in liver, pancreas, spleen, and brain. Virus isolation and RNA detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed WNV infection in plasma and tissue samples. Of the tissues, liver had the highest viral loads (maximum 10(8.9) plaque-forming units [PFU]/0.5cm(3)), whereas brain and spinal cord had the lowest viral loads (maximum 10(6.6) PFU/0.5cm(3) each). Virus titers in plasma ranged from 10(3.6) to 10(6.5) PFU/ml, exceeding the threshold needed to infect Culex quinquejasciatus mosquitoes (10(5) PFU/ml). Thus, alligators may serve as a vertebrate amplifying host for WNV. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Florida Dept Hlth Bureau Labs, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vectorborne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Jacobson, ER (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM jacobsone@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu NR 38 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 96 EP 106 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 920RP UT WOS:000228708100010 PM 15827215 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Patel, M Uyeki, T Klimov, A Bhat, N AF Guarner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Patel, M Uyeki, T Klimov, A Bhat, N TI Pulmonary histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of influenza cases during the 2003-2004 season SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 MA 1210 BP 261A EP 262A PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238601383 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Paddock, CD Greer, PW Sumner, J Carlone, G Sampson, J Facklam, R Van Beneden, CA AF Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Paddock, CD Greer, PW Sumner, J Carlone, G Sampson, J Facklam, R Van Beneden, CA TI Diagnosis of group a streptococcal infections by using immunohistochemical and molecular assays SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 MA 1211 BP 262A EP 262A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238601384 ER PT J AU Paddock, C Ksiazek, T Comer, JA Rollin, P Nichol, S Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Goldsmith, C Greer, P Srinivasan, A Jernigan, D Kehl, S Graham, M Zaki, S AF Paddock, C Ksiazek, T Comer, JA Rollin, P Nichol, S Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Goldsmith, C Greer, P Srinivasan, A Jernigan, D Kehl, S Graham, M Zaki, S TI Pathology of fatal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in multiple organ transplant recipients from a common donor SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 MA 1219 BP 263A EP 264A PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238601392 ER PT J AU Paddock, C Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Uyeki, T Fischer, M Reagan, S Park, B Greer, P Packard, M Zaki, S AF Paddock, C Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Uyeki, T Fischer, M Reagan, S Park, B Greer, P Packard, M Zaki, S TI Histopathology and immunohistochemical localization of influenzavirus in patients with fatal influenzavirus B SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 MA 1218 BP 263A EP 263A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238601391 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Hunter, S Sejvar, J Bartlett, J Jones, T Montague, J Guarner, G Paddock, C Belay, E Schonberger, LB Zaki, SR AF Shieh, WJ Hunter, S Sejvar, J Bartlett, J Jones, T Montague, J Guarner, G Paddock, C Belay, E Schonberger, LB Zaki, SR TI Pathologic studies of a variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease case in the United States SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 MA 1223 BP 264A EP 264A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238601396 ER PT J AU Fewtrell, L Kaufmann, RB Kay, D Enanoria, W Haller, L Colford, JM AF Fewtrell, L Kaufmann, RB Kay, D Enanoria, W Haller, L Colford, JM TI Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID DRINKING-WATER; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; RURAL BANGLADESH; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SAFE STORAGE; EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION; SOLAR DISINFECTION; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; URBAN BANGLADESH; SRI-LANKA AB Many studies have reported the results of interventions to reduce illness through improvements in drinking water, sanitation facilities, and hygiene practices in less developed countries. There has, however, been no formal systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the evidence of the relative effectiveness of these interventions. We developed a comprehensive search strategy designed to identify all peer-reviewed articles, in any language, that presented water, sanitation, or hygiene interventions. We examined only those articles with specific measurement of diarrhoea morbidity as a health outcome in non-outbreak conditions. We screened the titles and, where necessary, the abstracts of 2120 publications. 46 studies were judged to contain relevant evidence and were reviewed in detail. Data were extracted from these studies and pooled by meta-analysis to provide summary estimates of the effectiveness of each type of intervention. All of the interventions studied were found to reduce significantly the risks of diarrhoeal illness. Most of the interventions had a similar degree of impact on diarrhoeal illness, with the relative risk estimates from the overall meta-analyses ranging between 0 . 63 and 0 . 75. The results generally agree with those from previous reviews, but water quality interventions (point-of-use water treatment) were found to be more effective than previously thought, and multiple interventions (consisting of combined water, sanitation, and hygiene measures) were not more effective than interventions with a single focus. There is some evidence of publication bias in the findings from the hygiene and water treatment interventions. C1 Univ Wales, Ctr Res Environm & Hlth, Aberystwyth SY23 2DB, Dyfed, Wales. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. WHO, Water Sanitat & Hyg Unit, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Fewtrell, L (reprint author), Univ Wales, Ctr Res Environm & Hlth, Aberystwyth SY23 2DB, Dyfed, Wales. EM lorna@creh.demon.co.uk NR 65 TC 540 Z9 557 U1 11 U2 131 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01253-8 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 882UD UT WOS:000225963100024 PM 15620560 ER PT J AU Boily, MC Godin, G Hogben, M Sherr, L Bastos, FI AF Boily, MC Godin, G Hogben, M Sherr, L Bastos, FI TI The impact of the transmission dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on sexual behaviour: A new hypothesis to explain recent increases in risk taking-behaviour among men who have sex with men SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; HIV PREVENTION; GAY MEN; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HEALTH-PROMOTION; VIRAL LOAD; AIDS; GONORRHEA AB Increases in sexually transmitted infections and related high-risk behaviours have been reported among men who have sex with men (MSM) in industrialised countries when effective antiretroviral. therapy against HIV infection has become widely available, in the mid-nineties. The reasons for these increases are not fully understood and often conflicting. Prevention fatigue, relapses to unsafe sex, as well as optimism toward the risk of developing AIDS among people Living with HIV are not unique to the era of antiretroviral. therapy (ART). This has Led researchers to highlight the need to investigate other potential reasons that could explain the increase in high-risk taking following the ART introduction. We put forward the hypothesis that the change in the transmission dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic before and after the introduction of ART has contributed to this change in high-risk behaviour. It is suggested that a decline in sexual risk activities has occurred at the population-level following the initial spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic because AIDS mortality and severe morbidity disproportionately depleted the pool of high-risk taking individuals. As a result, non-volitional changes may have occurred at the individual-level over time because the depletion of this pool of high-risk individuals made it more difficult for the remaining high-risk taking individuals to find partners to engage in risky sex with. Following its introduction, ART has facilitated the differential replenishment of the pool of individuals willing to engage in high-risk taking behaviours because ART reduces AIDS mortality, and morbidity. Consequently, high-risk taking individuals who had previously reduced their level of risky sex non-volitionally (i.e., as a result of the reduced availability of high-risk partners) were able to resume their initial high-risk practices as the pool of high-risk taking individuals replenished over time. Thus, a fraction of the recently reported increase in high-risk sexual activities may be secondary to the fact that those MSM who were unable to engage in their desired high-risky sexual activities (because of reduced availability) are now able to revert to them as the availability of men willing to engage in risky sexual behaviours increases partly due to ART. Therefore, we suggest that a fraction of the changes in individual behaviour are non-volitional and can be explained by a change in "sexual partner availability" due to the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS before and after ART. The hypothesis is formulated and explained using simple social network diagrams and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. We also discuss the implication of this hypothesis for HIV prevention. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Imperial Coll Sch Med, Fac Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. Univ Laval, Canada Res Chair Behav & Hlth, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, London, England. Inst Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, BR-20001 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Boily, MC (reprint author), Imperial Coll Sch Med, Fac Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, St Marys Campus,Norfolk Pl, London W2 1PG, England. EM mc.boily@imperial.ac.uk NR 61 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.03.017 PG 12 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 935YI UT WOS:000229818900003 PM 15922091 ER PT J AU Verstraeten, T Davis, R Destefano, F AF Verstraeten, T Davis, R Destefano, F TI Immunity to tetanus is protective against the development of multiple sclerosis SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; VACCINATIONS; DISEASES; AUTOIMMUNE; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODIES; DIPHTHERIA; COMMUNITY; ISLANDS; ADULTS AB Following allegations that Hepatitis B vaccination causes or triggers multiple sclerosis (MS), several epidemiological studies have been conducted to evaluate the association between MS and vaccination. In one study conducted in the US, a significant protective effect on the development of MS was observed for tetanus immunization. We reviewed the medical literature and found two additional recent studies, as well as several older studies, which also observed a significant protective effect of tetanus immunization on the development or progression of MS. Furthermore, decreased humoral and cellular immunity to tetanus toxoid has been observed among MS patients. We postulate that naturally acquired or vaccine-induced immunity to tetanus has a protective effect against the development and progression of MS. We also postulate that this link to tetanus is in part responsible for the gender, age, geographic and socio-economic distribution of MS, as well as its pattern among migrants. The biological basis for this protective effect could be an unspecific boost of bystander suppression of auto-immunity as shown for other infections. Our hypothesis can be tested in several ways. The simplest approach would be to compare tetanus exposure and MS occurrence on a population level. Stronger support would come from the reanalysis of previous studies that have information at the individual level on both tetanus exposure, whether induced or natural, and on the development of MS. Laboratory evidence could be sought by testing the effect of tetanus toxoid on experimental allergic encephatomyelitis, the experimental animal model of MS. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Safety Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Verstraeten, T (reprint author), Zonnewegel 16, Teruren, Belgium. EM tvbelgium@hotmail.com NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PY 2005 VL 65 IS 5 BP 966 EP 969 DI 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.05.009 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 963WQ UT WOS:000231837300024 PM 16023300 ER PT J AU Lyalin, D Williams, W AF Lyalin, D Williams, W TI Modeling cancer registration processes with an enhanced activity diagram SO METHODS OF INFORMATION IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE public health informatics; organizational models; unified modeling language (UML); population surveillance; cancer AB Objectives. Adequate instruments are needed to reflect the complexity of routine cancer registry operations properly in a business model. The activity diagram is a key instrument of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for the modeling of business processes. The authors aim to improve descriptions of processes in cancer registration, as well as in other public health domains, through the enhancements of an activity diagram notation within the standard semantics of UML. Methods: The authors introduced the practical approach to enhance a conventional UML activity diagram, complementing it with the following business process concepts: timeline, duration for individual activities, responsibilities for individual activities within swimlanes, and descriptive text. Results. The authors used an enhanced activity diagram for modeling surveillance processes in the cancer registration domain. Specific example illustrates the use of an enhanced activity diagram to visualize a process of linking Cancer registry records with external mortality files. Conclusions. Enhanced activity diagram allows for the addition of more business concepts to a single diagram and can improve descriptions of processes in cancer registration, as well as in other domains. Additional features of an enhanced activity diagram allow to advance the visualization of cancer registration processes. That, in turn, promotes the clarification of issues related to the process timeline, responsibilities for particular operations, and collaborations among process participants. Our first experiences in a cancer registry best practices development workshop setting support the usefulness of such an approach. C1 Northrop Grumman Co CITS, CDC, Informat Technol Support Contract, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lyalin, D (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Co CITS, CDC, Informat Technol Support Contract, 3375 NE Expressway,Koger Ctr,Harvard Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dlyalin@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCHATTAUER GMBH-VERLAG MEDIZIN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN PI STUTTGART PA HOLDERLINSTRASSE 3, D-70174 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0026-1270 J9 METHOD INFORM MED JI Methods Inf. Med. PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 BP 11 EP 13 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 914HD UT WOS:000228217500003 PM 15778789 ER PT J AU Terry, PE Masvaure, TB Gavin, L AF Terry, PE Masvaure, TB Gavin, L TI HIV/AIDS health literacy in Zimbabwe - Focus group findings from university students SO METHODS OF INFORMATION IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd HealthGRID 2004 Conference CY JAN, 2004 CL Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE DE HIV/AIDS; prevention; peer education; gender; edutainment ID EDUCATION-PROGRAM; PEER EDUCATION; HIV PREVENTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; CONDOM USE; ENTERTAINMENT-EDUCATION; AIDS-PREVENTION; RURAL UGANDA; YOUNG-ADULTS; INTERVENTION AB Objective: This qualitative study was designed to assess program needs and evaluate and improve HIV/AIDS prevention efforts at the University of Zimbabwe. Methods: We conducted eight focus group discussions with 70 students and conducted key informant interviews with formal and informal opinion leaders. Four mixed-sex focus group discussions, two all-female, and two all-male sessions were held. Results: We found a pervasive sense of despondency and powerlessness among students. Consistent across focus groups, but particularly within the women's groups, respondents revealed that financial and accommodation needs and peer pressure were causing many male and female students to engage in prostitution. Focus group discussions also revealed condom use with regular partners is low and that students dating partners who are employed find it hard to insist on condom use in the relationship. Conclusions: Participants stated programs hod positively influenced their reduction in the number of sexual partners and intentions to get tested for HIV. C1 Pk Nicollet Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55416 USA. Univ Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Terry, PE (reprint author), Pk Nicollet Inst, 3800 Pk Nicollet Blvd, Minneapolis, MN 55416 USA. EM terryp@parknicollet.com NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 10 PU SCHATTAUER GMBH-VERLAG MEDIZIN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN PI STUTTGART PA HOLDERLINSTRASSE 3, D-70174 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0026-1270 J9 METHOD INFORM MED JI Methods Inf. Med. PY 2005 VL 44 IS 2 BP 288 EP 292 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 935OA UT WOS:000229790400033 PM 15924194 ER PT J AU Barrientos, LG Gronenborn, AM AF Barrientos, LG Gronenborn, AM TI The highly specific carbohydrate-binding protein cyanovirin-N: Structure, anti-HIV/Ebola activity and possibilities for therapy SO MINI-REVIEWS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE cyanovirin-N; HIV; GP120; Ebola; GP(1,2); SARS; microbicidal agent; high-mannose oligosaccharides ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INACTIVATING PROTEIN; DOMAIN-SWAPPED DIMER; CIRCULAR-PERMUTED VARIANT; HIGH-MANNOSE OLIGOSACCHARIDES; EBOLA-VIRUS; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; RELATIVE ORIENTATION; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AB Cyanovirin-N (CV-N), a cyanobacterial lectin, is a potent viral entry inhibitor currently under development as a microbicide against a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. CV-N was originally identified as a highly active anti-HIV agent and later, as a virucidal agent against other unrelated enveloped viruses Such as Ebola, and possibly other viruses. CV-N's antiviral activity appears to involve unique recognition of N-linked high-mannose oligosaccharides, Man-8 and Man-9, on the viral surface glycoproteins. Due to its distinct mode of action and opportunities for harnessing the associated interaction for therapeutic intervention, a substantial body of research on CV-N has accumulated since its discovery in 1997. In this review we focus in particular on structural studies on CV-N and their relationship to biological activity. C1 NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Barrientos, LG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVRD, NCID, Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lbarrientos1@cdc.gov; gronenborn@nih.gov NR 86 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 17 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-5575 J9 MINI-REV MED CHEM JI Mini-Rev. Med. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 891RA UT WOS:000226597000003 PM 15638789 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Patel, M Uyeki, T Klimov, A Bhat, N AF Guarner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Patel, M Uyeki, T Klimov, A Bhat, N TI Pulmonary histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of influenza cases during the 2003-2004 season SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 SU 1 MA 1210 BP 261A EP 262A PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 884WR UT WOS:000226117901363 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Paddock, C Greer, PW Sumner, J Carlone, G Sampson, J Facklam, R Van Beneden, CA AF Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Paddock, C Greer, PW Sumner, J Carlone, G Sampson, J Facklam, R Van Beneden, CA TI Diagnosis of group A streptococcal infections by using immunohistochemical and molecular assays SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 SU 1 MA 1211 BP 262A EP 262A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 884WR UT WOS:000226117901364 ER PT J AU Paddack, C Ksiazek, T Comer, JA Rollin, P Nichol, S Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Goldsmith, C Greer, P Srinivasan, A Jernigan, D Kehl, S Graham, M Zaki, S AF Paddack, C Ksiazek, T Comer, JA Rollin, P Nichol, S Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Goldsmith, C Greer, P Srinivasan, A Jernigan, D Kehl, S Graham, M Zaki, S TI Pathology of fatal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in multiple organ transplant recipients from a common donor SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 SU 1 MA 1219 BP 263A EP 264A PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 884WR UT WOS:000226117901372 ER PT J AU Paddock, C Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Uyeki, T Fischer, M Reagan, S Park, B Greer, P Packard, M Zaki, S AF Paddock, C Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Uyeki, T Fischer, M Reagan, S Park, B Greer, P Packard, M Zaki, S TI Histopathology and immuncihistochemical localization of influenzavirus in patients with fatal influenzavirus B SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 SU 1 MA 1218 BP 263A EP 263A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 884WR UT WOS:000226117901371 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Hunter, S Sejvar, J Bartlett, J Jones, T Montague, J Guarner, G Paddock, C Belay, E Schonberger, LB Zaki, SR AF Shieh, WJ Hunter, S Sejvar, J Bartlett, J Jones, T Montague, J Guarner, G Paddock, C Belay, E Schonberger, LB Zaki, SR TI Pathologic studies of a variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease case in the United States SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 SU 1 MA 1223 BP 264A EP 264A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 884WR UT WOS:000226117901376 ER PT S AU Hartman, AL Towner, JS Nichol, S AF Hartman, AL Towner, JS Nichol, S BE Digard, P Nash, AA Randall, RE TI Pathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg viruses SO MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF VIRUS INFECTIONS SE SYMPOSIA OF THE SOCIETY FOR GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th Symposium of the Society-for-General-Microbiology CY APR, 2005 CL Heriot-Watt Univ, Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Soc Gen Microbiol HO Heriot-Watt Univ ID FOLATE RECEPTOR-ALPHA; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; DENDRITIC CELLS; TISSUE FACTOR; DC-SIGN; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; FILOVIRUS INFECTIONS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. RP Hartman, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0081-1394 BN 0-521-83248-9 J9 SYMP SOC GEN MICROBI JI Symp. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. PY 2005 VL 64 BP 109 EP 124 PG 16 WC Microbiology; Pathology; Virology SC Microbiology; Pathology; Virology GA BDH05 UT WOS:000233559700005 ER PT J AU Schmid, DS Rouse, BT AF Schmid, D. Scott Rouse, Barry T. BE Mestecky, J Lamm, ME Strober, W Bienenstock, J McGhee, JR Mayer, L TI Respiratory Viral Vaccines SO MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; CD8(+) T-CELLS; COLD-ADAPTED INFLUENZA; RSV G-PROTEIN; MUCOSAL IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; SUBUNIT VACCINES; INTRANASAL IMMUNIZATION; INACTIVATED VACCINES C1 [Schmid, D. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Immunol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rouse, Barry T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Schmid, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Immunol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 127 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-045426-9 PY 2005 BP 923 EP 936 DI 10.1016/B978-012491543-5/50055-3 PG 14 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BCR49 UT WOS:000311099400055 ER PT J AU Richardson, LC Pollack, LA AF Richardson, LC Pollack, LA TI Therapy Insight: influence of type 2 diabetes on the development, treatment and outcomes of cancer SO NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cancer chemotherapy; cancer survival; diabetes mellitus; glucose tolerance; type 2 diabetes ID POPULATION-BASED COHORT; BREAST-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; GROWTH-FACTORS; RISK-FACTOR; MELLITUS; MORTALITY; INSULIN AB Although type 2 diabetes and cancer are major health concerns among the adult population, few studies have directly addressed the relationship between the two, or the impact of diabetes on cancer outcomes. Diabetes and hyperglycemia are associated with an elevated risk of developing pancreatic, liver, colon, breast, and endometrial cancer. When treating cancer patients who have diabetes, clinicians must consider the cardiac, renal, and neurologic complications commonly associated with diabetes. Chemotherapeutic choices and, ultimately, the outcome for cancers may be affected by the avoidance of agents that have been shown to provide the best clinical response and survival in cancer patients without other disease complications. Evidence from population-based studies and clinical trials indicate that hyperglycemic and diabetic patients experience higher mortality and recurrence rates after diagnosis with, and treatment for, cancer. Evidence from the intensive care literature indicates that achieving glucose control leads to better clinical outcomes. If so, continued improvement of cancer outcomes may depend upon improved diabetes control. The association between diabetes and cancer is complex and warrants further study as the general population ages and the magnitude of both health problems continues to grow. Here we consider the influence of diabetes and hyperglycemia on the development, treatment, and long-term outcomes of cancer. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv Med Officer, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Richardson, LC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv Med Officer, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lfr8@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 140 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1743-4254 J9 NAT CLIN PRACT ONCOL JI Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1038/ncponc0062 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 926JF UT WOS:000229118800014 PM 16264856 ER PT J AU Wilson, RS Scherr, PA Hoganson, G Bienias, JL Evans, DA Bennett, DA AF Wilson, RS Scherr, PA Hoganson, G Bienias, JL Evans, DA Bennett, DA TI Early life socioeconomic status and late life risk of Alzheimer's disease SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; socioeconomic status; longitudinal clinicopathologic study; cognitive function ID OLDER PERSONS; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; EDUCATION; POPULATION; HEALTH AB The authors examined the relation of early life socioeconomic status to incident Alzheimer's disease (AD), level of cognition and rate of cognitive decline in old age. For up to 10 years, 859 older Catholic clergy members without dementia at baseline completed annual clinical evaluations as part of the Religious Orders Study. The evaluations included clinical classification of AD and detailed cognitive testing. At baseline, indicators of early life household socioeconomic level (e.g., parental education) and the county of birth were ascertained. Socioeconomic features of the birth county (e.g., literacy rate) were estimated with data from the 1920 US Census. Composite measures of early life household and community socioeconomic level were developed. In analyses that controlled for age, sex and education, higher household and community socioeconomic levels in early life were associated with higher level of cognition in late life but not with risk of AD or rate of cognitive decline. The results suggest that early life socioeconomic level is related to level of cognition in late life but not to rate of cognitive decline or risk of AD. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Inst Hlth Aging, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Inst Hlth Aging, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Inst Hlth Aging, Dept Internal Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wilson, RS (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, 600 S Paulina,Suite 1038, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM rwilson@rush.edu NR 41 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1159/000085307 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 934XV UT WOS:000229743800002 PM 15855799 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Holman, RC Bresee, JS Kochanek, KD Schonberger, LB AF Sejvar, JJ Holman, RC Bresee, JS Kochanek, KD Schonberger, LB TI Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mortality in the United States, 1979-2001 SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; national mortality database; mortality ID MOTOR-NEURON-DISEASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; ALS; NEUROTOXIN; DIAGNOSIS; FINLAND; DEATH; GENE AB The etiology of nonfamilial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unknown. Earlier studies have suggested an increase in the incidence of ALS over time. We performed a retrospective analysis of ALS-associated death rates and trends in the United States for 1979-2001 using death records from the national multiple cause-of-death database. The US average annual age-adjusted ALS death rate was 1.84 per 100,000 persons for 1979 through 1998. Most deaths were among adults >= 65 years of age and the median age at death was 67 years. A small overall increase in the death rate was observed primarily between 1979 and 1983, with a subsequent plateau. This slight change in the overall rate reflected apparent increases in the rates among those persons >= 65 years of age, particularly women, and persons in the 20- to 49-year-old age group. The ALS-associated death rate appeared to differ by geographic area, with a higher occurrence among most northern states. Our findings suggest that the epidemiology of ALS-associated deaths in the United States demonstrated small increases in the overall age-adjusted death rate and in the death rates among elderly women and adults 20-49 years of age. Subpopulations at higher risk for ALS were males, whites, persons >= 65 years of age, and residents of northern states. This study provides information for further studies to examine the epidemiology and risk factors associated with ALS. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Marine Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Marine Res, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 6 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1159/000086679 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 961ZG UT WOS:000231700200006 PM 15990445 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Sempos, CT AF Gillum, R. F. Sempos, Christopher T. TI Ethnic variation in validity of classification of overweight and obesity using self-reported weight and height in American women and men: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO NUTRITION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Background: Few data have been published on the validity of classification of overweight and obesity based on self-reported weight in representative samples of Hispanic as compared to other American populations despite the wide use of such data. Objective: To test the null hypothesis that ethnicity is unrelated to bias of mean body mass index (BMI) and to sensitivity of overweight or obesity (BMI >= 25 kg/m(2)) derived from self-reported (SR) versus measured weight and height using measured BMI as the gold standard. Design: Cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) conducted in 1988-1994. Participants: American men and women aged 20 years and over (n = 15,025). Measurements: SR height, weight, cigarette smoking, health status, and socio-demographic variables from home interview and measured weight and height. Results: In women and Mexican American (MA) men SR BMI underestimated true prevalence rates of overweight or obesity. For other men, no consistent difference was seen. Sensitivity of SR was similar in non-Hispanic European Americans (EA) and non-Hispanic African Americans (AA) but much lower in MA. Prevalence of obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) is consistently underestimated by self-report, the gap being greater for MA than for other women, but similar for MA and other men. The mean difference between self-reported and measured BMI was greater in MA (men -0.37, women -0.76 kg/m(2)) than in non-Hispanic EA (men -0.22, women -0.62 kg/m(2)). In a regression model with the difference between self-reported and measured BMI as the dependent variable, MA ethnicity was a significant (p < 0.01) predictor of the difference in men and in women. The effect of MA ethnicity could not be explained by socio-demographic variables, smoking or health status. Conclusion: Under-estimation of the prevalence of overweight or obesity based on height and weight self-reported at interview varied significantly among ethnic groups independent of other variables. C1 [Gillum, R. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Sempos, Christopher T.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6323, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@cdc.gov; cs217e@NIH.GOV NR 42 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2891 J9 NUTR J JI Nutr. J. PY 2005 VL 4 AR 27 DI 10.1186/1475-2891-4-27 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA V21OE UT WOS:000208216100027 PM 16209706 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Giles, WH Galuska, DA Serdula, MK AF Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Giles, WH Galuska, DA Serdula, MK TI Geographic variation in the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related behaviors SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diabetes; fruits and vegetables; physical activity; weight loss; geographic locations ID LOSE WEIGHT; US ADULTS; ADVICE; HEALTH; CARE AB Objective: To examine the variation in the prevalences of obesity and type 2 diabetes in weight loss counseling by health providers and in other potential obesity-related determinants in 100 metropolitan statistical areas in the United States. Research Methods and Procedures: We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the largest telephone survey of health behaviors in the United States, of age-adjusted prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, intake of >= five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, participation in 150 minutes of leisure-time physical activity per week, receipt of weight management advice, and reports of trying to lose or maintain weight among men and women more than 18 years old. Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity ranged from 13.1% to 30.0% and that of type 2 diabetes from 3.3% to 9.2%. Among participants who had visited a physician for a routine checkup in the previous 12 months, 13.1% to 27.1% of all participants recalled receiving advice from a health professional about their weight, and 11.7% to 34.6% of overweight or obese participants recalled receiving advice to maintain or lose weight. Discussion: Significant differences in the prevalence of obesity and self-reported type 2 diabetes and in medical practice patterns regarding weight management advice exist among metropolitan statistical areas. These results suggest important opportunities to investigate reasons for these variations that could potentially be used to mitigate the current epidemic of obesity and to identify areas where obesity and diabetes prevention efforts may need to be targeted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 6 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 118 EP 122 DI 10.1038/oby.2005.15 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 907BG UT WOS:000227689200015 PM 15761170 ER PT J AU Philipp, CS Faiz, A Dowling, N Dilley, A Michaels, LA Ayers, C Miller, CH Bachmann, G Evatt, B Saidi, P AF Philipp, CS Faiz, A Dowling, N Dilley, A Michaels, LA Ayers, C Miller, CH Bachmann, G Evatt, B Saidi, P TI Age and the prevalence of bleeding disorders in women with menorrhagia SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VON-WILLEBRAND-DISEASE; MENSTRUAL BLOOD-LOSS; PICTORIAL CHART AB OBJECTIVE: A study was conducted to evaluate the frequency and types of hemostatic defects occurring in adolescent and perimenopausal-age women diagnosed with menorrhagia. METHODS: A total of 115 women with a physician diagnosis of menorrhagia, including 25 adolescent women, 25 perimenopausal-age women, and 65 women between the ages of 20 and 44, underwent comprehensive hemostatic testing for possible bleeding disorders. Frequencies of bleeding disorders were calculated and compared. RESULTS: Forty-seven percent of women were found to have hemostatic abnormalities, including platelet dysfunction, von Willebrand's disease, and coagulation factor deficiencies. Adolescents and perimenopausal-age women with menorrhagia were just as likely to have hemostatic abnormalities as were women aged 20 to 44. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that underlying bleeding disorders are frequently found in adolescent, postadolescent reproductive age, and perimenopausal-age women presenting with menorrhagia and suggest that women with menorrhagia should be considered for further hemostatic evaluation. (C) 2005 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Hematol, Dept Med, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Hematol, Dept Pediat, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Hematol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Birth Defects, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Philipp, CS (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Hematol, Dept Med, MEB Rm 578,1 Robert Wood Johnson Pl, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM philipp@umdnj.edu OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-479] NR 24 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 105 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000148889.15061.fb PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 882IG UT WOS:000225932000011 PM 15625143 ER PT J AU Beste, LA England, LJ Schisterman, EF Qian, C Yu, KF Levine, RJ AF Beste, LA England, LJ Schisterman, EF Qian, C Yu, KF Levine, RJ TI Pregnancy outcomes in smokers who develop pre-eclampsia SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; GROWTH; RISK; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; CALCIUM; TRIAL; RATES AB Maternal smoking reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia, but has been reported to increase the risk of adverse outcomes related to the disease. We used data from the trial of Calcium for Pre-eclampsia Prevention (CPEP) to explore whether clinical manifestations of pre-eclampsia were altered by maternal smoking. CPEP was a randomised study of 4589 nulliparous women conducted in five US medical centres. Smoking history was obtained at study enrolment and women were monitored for the development of hypertension, proteinuria, and other medical complications. Among pre-eclamptic women (n = 274), the risk of severe disease was not elevated in smokers (adjusted odds ratio 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30, 2.51]). Compared with non-smokers, gestational age (days, +/-SE) at onset of pre-eclampsia was not reduced in smokers (264.8 +/- 1.5, and 268.2 +/- 5.5, respectively, P = 0.48). The smoking-attributable deficit in birthweight was not increased in pre-eclamptic women compared with normotensive women (97 g [95% CI -49, 244] and 185 g [95% CI 141, 229] respectively). In conclusion, among women who developed pre-eclampsia, smoking during pregnancy was not associated with disease severity. We found no evidence that pre-eclampsia and smoking act synergistically to restrict fetal growth. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, US Dept HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Allied Technol Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP England, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lengland@cdc.gov OI Schisterman, Enrique/0000-0003-3757-641X FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-1-3121, N01-HD-1-3122, N01-HD-1-3123, N01-HD-1-3124, N01-HD-1-3125, N01-HD-1-3126, N01-HD-2-3154, N01-HD-53246] NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00617.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 889VJ UT WOS:000226470500003 PM 15670103 ER PT J AU Braun, KV Autry, A Boyle, C AF Braun, KV Autry, A Boyle, C TI A population-based study of the recurrence of developmental disabilities - Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program, 1991-94 SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MILD MENTAL-RETARDATION; HEARING IMPAIRMENT; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; ETIOLOGY; CHILDHOOD; INFANTS; AGE AB Serious developmental disabilities (DD) are quite common and affect approximately 2% of all school-aged children. The impact of DDs with respect to the need for special education services, medical care and the demand on family members can be enormous. While this impact can be magnified for families with more than one child with a DD, little is known regarding the epidemiology of recurrence of DDs. When the cause of a DD is unknown, genetic counsellors rely on recurrence risk estimates which for DDs are over 10 years old. The objectives of our study were to: (1) assess the contribution of recurrent cases to the prevalence of DDs; (2) provide current, population-based recurrence risk estimates; and (3) examine characteristics of the first affected child as predictors of recurrence. Two population-based data sources were used to identify all children born to the same mother during the period 1981-91 in the five-county metropolitan Atlanta area with at least one of four DDs: mental retardation (MR), cerebral palsy, hearing loss, or vision impairment. Recurrence risk estimates for these DDs ranged from 3% to 7% and were many times higher than the background prevalences. The risk of recurrence of DDs was greatest for MR - approximately eight times greater than the baseline MR prevalence. Isolated mild MR (IQ 50-70) was highly concordant between siblings with MR. Sex, race, and birthweight of the index child, maternal education, and maternal age were not significantly associated with recurrence risk. Further research is needed to investigate the roles of genetic and environmental factors on the recurrence of DDs, particularly isolated mild MR. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dev Disabilities Team, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. US DOE, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Braun, KV (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbn5@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 889VJ UT WOS:000226470500012 ER PT J AU Ehigiator, HN Romagnoli, P Borgelt, K Fernandez, M McNair, N Secor, WE Mead, JR AF Ehigiator, HN Romagnoli, P Borgelt, K Fernandez, M McNair, N Secor, WE Mead, JR TI Mucosal cytokine and antigen-specific responses to Cryptosporidium parvum in IL-12p40 KO mice SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellular response; Cryptosporidium parvum; cytokine; IL-12p40-knockout; mouse; real-time PCR ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MASSIVE WATERBORNE OUTBREAK; INTERFERON KNOCKOUT MICE; GROWTH-FACTOR BETA-1; GAMMA-INTERFERON; IFN-GAMMA; C57BL/6 MICE; INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII AB Studies of cellular immune responses to Cryptosporidium parvum have been limited in part by lack of suitable animal models. IL-12p40(-/-)mice are susceptible to initial infection with C. parvum but recover within 2 weeks, rendering the animals resistant to reinfection. Because the host responses that determine duration and severity of primary infection are not yet understood, we studied the cellular immune response to primary infection with C. parvum in IL-12p40(-/-)mice and also explored possible mechanisms for this response. Female IL-12p40(-/-)mice were inoculated with 10 000 oocysts. Uninfected age-matched mice served as controls. At different time intervals following exposure to oocysts, mice were sacrificed and their intestine, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node tissues were harvested. Cellular immune responses to C. parvum were characterized. Infection of IL-12p40(-/-)mice induced changes in the gene expression of the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-15, IL-18, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta during primary infection. There was also a significant increase in total numbers of lymphocytes and CD19/CD62L-expressing cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. These MLN cells exhibited increased antigen-specific proliferation and cytokine production (IL-6 and IFN-gamma) levels when stimulated in vitro. These observations delineate the cellular immune responses during acute C. parvum infection of the IL-12p40(-/-)mouse model. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. NCID, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mead, JR (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Res 151,1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. EM jmead@emory.edu OI Romagnoli, Pablo/0000-0002-6328-9070 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI-36680] NR 59 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2005.00736.x PG 12 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 913EC UT WOS:000228133400003 PM 15813719 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Khan, LK Serdula, MK Dietz, WH Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Freedman, DS Khan, LK Serdula, MK Dietz, WH Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS TI The relation of childhood BMI to adult adiposity: The Bogalusa Heart Study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE body mass index; obesity; adult adiposity; Bogalusa Heart Study; longitudinal study; skinfolds ID BODY-MASS INDEX; BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; WHITE-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; BIRTH COHORT; FOLLOW-UP AB Objective. Although many studies have found that childhood levels of body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) are associated with adult levels, it has been reported that childhood BMI is not associated with adult adiposity. We further examined these longitudinal associations. Design. Cohort study based on examinations between 1973 and 1996. Setting. Bogalusa, Louisiana. Participants. Children (2610; ages 2-17 years old) who were followed to ages 18 to 37 years; the mean follow-up was 17.6 years. Main Outcome Measures. BMI-for-age and triceps skinfold thickness (SF) were measured in childhood. Subscapular and triceps SFs were measured among adults, and the mean SF was used as an adiposity index. Adult obesity was defined as a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2) and adult overfat as a mean SF in the upper (gender-specific) quartile. Results. Childhood levels of both BMI and triceps SF were associated with adult levels of BMI and adiposity. The magnitude of these longitudinal associations increased with childhood age, but the BMI levels of even the youngest (ages 2-5 years) children were moderately associated (r = 0.33-0.41) with adult adiposity. Overweight (BMI-for-age greater than or equal to95th centile) 2- to 5-year-olds were >4 times as likely to become overfat adults (15 of 23 [65%]), as were children with a BMI <50th centile (30 of 201 [15%]). Even after accounting for the triceps SF of children, BMI-for-age provided additional information on adult adiposity. Conclusions. Childhood BMI is associated with adult adiposity, but it is possible that the magnitude of this association depends on the relative fatness of children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, CDC Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dfreedman@cdc.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-38844]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-16592]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-043820] NR 42 TC 422 Z9 441 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0220 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 884KN UT WOS:000226083700024 PM 15629977 ER PT J AU Hsu, VP Staat, MA Roberts, N Thieman, C Bernstein, DI Bresee, J Glass, RI Parashar, UD AF Hsu, VP Staat, MA Roberts, N Thieman, C Bernstein, DI Bresee, J Glass, RI Parashar, UD TI Use of active surveillance to validate International Classification of Diseases code estimates of rotavirus hospitalizations in children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE acute gastroenteritis; United States; child; surveillance; hospitalization; ICD codes; sensitivity; specificity ID UNITED-STATES; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; INFECTION; GASTROENTERITIS; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; BURDEN; TRENDS; ASSAY AB Objective. National estimates of hospitalizations for rotavirus, the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis ( AGE) in children, have been used to establish the need for rotavirus vaccines. A previous method directly estimated discharges by using the rotavirus-specific International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code, but this method has not been validated. Our study evaluated the sensitivity of the rotavirus ICD code among children hospitalized for AGE by using active surveillance for rotavirus at a tertiary children's hospital. Design. We compared data for rotavirus-coded hospital discharges in 2000-2001 at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center with data on laboratory-confirmed cases of rotavirus obtained from active surveillance. We estimated additional rotavirus hospitalizations by extrapolating the proportion of rotavirus-positive results from active-surveillance cases to those with an unknown rotavirus status. Results. Of 767 cases of AGE-related discharge codes, 103 (13%) were coded as rotavirus, 91% ( 94 of 103) of which were laboratory-confirmed diagnoses. Among all children discharged with an AGE-related illness, 260 (34%) were enrolled in active surveillance, of whom 155 (60%) tested positive for rotavirus. An additional 47 laboratory-confirmed rotavirus-case patients not enrolled in active surveillance yielded a total of 202 rotavirus cases and a maximum sensitivity of the rotavirus code of 47%. Extrapolation indicated that an additional 170 untested children might be rotavirus- positive, yielding a total of 372 rotavirus hospitalizations and a minimum sensitivity of the rotavirus code of 25%. Conclusions. Measurement of rotavirus- coded hospital discharges alone seems to greatly underestimate the true burden of rotavirus- associated hospitalizations. The numbers of national rotavirus hospitalization discharges may be substantially greater than previously estimated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rglass@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 1 BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0860 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 884KN UT WOS:000226083700031 PM 15629984 ER PT J AU Kempe, A Daley, MF Barrow, J Allred, N Hester, N Beaty, BL Crane, LA Pearson, K Berman, S AF Kempe, A Daley, MF Barrow, J Allred, N Hester, N Beaty, BL Crane, LA Pearson, K Berman, S TI Implementation of universal influenza immunization recommendations for healthy young children: Results of a randomized, controlled trial with registry-based recall SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 04, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediat Acad Soc DE influenza; immunizations; reminder/recall; immunization registry ID VIRUS-INFECTIONS; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; OUTPATIENT VISITS; AGE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; IMPACT; VACCINE; CARE; HOSPITALIZATIONS; MORTALITY AB Background. An Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices policy of encouraging influenza vaccination for healthy 6- to 23-month-old children was in effect during the 2003-2004 influenza season, which was unusually severe in Colorado. We collaborated with 5 pediatric practices to attempt universal influenza immunization in this age group. Objectives. The objectives were (1) to assess the maximal influenza immunization rates that could be achieved for healthy young children in private practice settings, (2) to evaluate the efficacy of registry-based reminder/recall for influenza vaccination, and (3) to describe methods used by private practices to implement the recommendations. Methods. The study was conducted in 5 private pediatric practices in Denver, Colorado, with a common billing system and immunization registry. Although recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices included children who were 6 to 23 months of age at any point during the influenza season, our practices chose not to recall children 22 to 23 months of age, because they would have become >24 months of age during the study period. Therefore, our study population consisted of all healthy children 6 to 21 months of age from the 5 practices (N = 5193), who were randomized to intervention groups (n = 2595) that received up to 3 reminder/recall letters or to control groups (n = 2598) that received usual care. The primary outcome was receipt of greater than or equal to1 influenza immunization, as noted either in the immunization registry or in billing data. Results. Immunization rates for greater than or equal to1 dose of influenza vaccine for the intervention groups in the 5 practices were 75.9%, 75.4%, 68.1%, 55.6%, and 44.3% at the end of the season. Overall, 62.4% of children in the intervention groups and 58.0% of children in the control groups were immunized (4.4% absolute difference), with absolute differences, compared with control values, ranging from 1.0% to 9.1% according to practice. However, before intensive media coverage of the influenza outbreak began (November 15, 2003), absolute differences, compared with control values, ranged from 5.1% to 15.3% and were 9.6% overall. Before November 15, significant effects of recall were seen for children in the intervention groups, in both the 12- to 21-month age category (10.4% increase over control) and the 6- to 11-month category (8.1% increase over control); at the end of the season, however, significant effects of recall were seen only for the older age group (6.2% increase over control). The rates of receipt of 2 vaccine doses greater than or equal to1 month apart for eligible children ranged from 21% to 48% among the practices. Four of the 5 practices held influenza immunization clinics during office hours, evenings, or weekends, and these clinics achieved higher coverage rates. Conclusions. These results demonstrated that, in an epidemic influenza year, private practices were able to immunize the majority of 6- to 21-month-old children in a timely manner. Although media coverage regarding the epidemic blunted the effect of registry-based recall, recall was effective in increasing rates early in the epidemic, especially for children between 1 and 2 years of age. The practices that achieved the highest immunization rates were proactive in planning influenza clinics to handle the extra volume of immunizations required. C1 Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kempe, A (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, 1056 E 19th Ave,B032, Denver, CO 80218 USA. EM kempe.allison@tchden.org NR 62 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 1 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1804 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 884KN UT WOS:000226083700041 PM 15629993 ER PT J AU Parker, S Todd, J Schwartz, B AF Parker, S Todd, J Schwartz, B TI Thimerosal-containing vaccines and autistic spectrum disorder: A critical review of published original data SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parker, S (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80218 USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 1 BP 200 EP 200 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2402 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 884KN UT WOS:000226083700066 PM 15630018 ER PT J AU Li, RW Darling, N Maurice, E Barker, L Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Li, RW Darling, N Maurice, E Barker, L Grummer-Strawn, LM TI Breastfeeding rates in the United States by characteristics of the child, mother, or family: The 2002 National Immunization Survey SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; National Immunization Survey; surveillance; statistics ID DURATION; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; RECALL AB Objective. In the third quarter of 2001, the National Immunization Survey (NIS) began collecting data on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding and whether it was the exclusive method of infant feeding. Using the data from the 2002 NIS, this study estimates breastfeeding rates in the United States by characteristics of the child, mother, or family. Methods. The NIS uses random-digit dialing to survey households nationwide with children 19 to 35 months old about vaccinations and then validates the information through a mail survey of the health care providers who gave the vaccinations. In 2002, similar to3500 households from the NIS were randomized to 1 of the 3 rotating topical modules that covered breastfeeding. Results. More than two thirds (71.4%) of the children had ever been breastfed. At 3 months, 42.5% of infants were exclusively breastfed, and 51.5% were breastfed to some extent. At 6 months, these rates dropped to 13.3% and 35.1%, respectively. At 1 year, 16.1% of infants were receiving some breast milk. Non-Hispanic black children had the lowest breastfeeding rates. Breastfeeding rates also varied by participation in day care or the Women, Infants, and Children program, socioeconomic status, and geographic area of residence. Conclusions. Although the rate of breastfeeding initiation in the United States is near the national goal of 75%, at 6 and 12 months postpartum the rates of breastfeeding duration are still considerably below the national goals of 50% and 25%, respectively. In addition, rates of exclusive breastfeeding are low. Strenuous public health efforts are needed to improve breastfeeding behaviors, particularly among non-Hispanic black women and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ril6@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 179 Z9 181 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 1 BP E31 EP E37 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0481 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 884KN UT WOS:000226083700005 PM 15579667 ER PT J AU Pisu, M Meltzer, MI Hurwitz, ES Haber, M AF Pisu, M Meltzer, MI Hurwitz, ES Haber, M TI Household-based costs and benefits of vaccinating healthy children in daycare against - Results from a pilot study influenza virus SO PHARMACOECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID ATTENDING DAY-CARE; ECONOMIC-IMPACT; OTITIS-MEDIA; INFECTIONS; ILLNESS; ATTENDANCE; COMMUNITY; AGE AB Background: Vaccinating children against influenza virus may reduce infections in immunised children and household contacts, thereby reducing the household-based cost associated with respiratory illnesses. Objective: To evaluate the impact of influenza virus vaccination of daycare children on costs of respiratory illnesses of the children and their household contacts from the household and societal perspective. Study design: Cost analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial covering the period November to April of 1996-7 and 1998-9. Children (127 in 1996-7 and 133 in 1998-9) from daycare centres in Californian (USA) naval bases received influenza virus vaccine (inactivated). or hepatitis A virus vaccination. Outcome measures: Direct and indirect costs (1997 and 1999 US dollars) of respiratory illnesses in households of vaccinated and not vaccinated daycare children, excluding the cost of vaccination. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in household costs of respiratory illness between households with or without influenza virus-vaccinated children ($US635 vs $US492: p = 0.98 [1996-7]; $US412.70 vs $US499.50: p = 0.42 [1998-9]). In 1996-7, adult and 5- to 17-year-old contacts of vaccinated children had lower household costs than contacts of unvaccinated children ($US58.50 vs $US83.20, p = 0.01 and $US32.80 vs $US59.50, p = 0.04, respectively), while vaccinated children 0-4 years old had higher household costs than unvaccinated children in the same age group ($US383 vs $US236, p = 0.05). In 1998-9, there were no differences within individual age groups. Results from societal perspective were similar. Conclusions: Overall, from both the household and societal perspectives, there were no economic benefits to households from vaccinating daycare children against influenza virus. However, we found some over-time inconsistency in results; this should be considered if changing recommendations about routine influenza virus vaccination of healthy children. Our study size may limit the general isability of the results. C1 Univ Alabama, COERE, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RDMA, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Pisu, M (reprint author), Univ Alabama, COERE, 1530 3rd Ave S 1 MT 528, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM mpisu@uab.edu NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1170-7690 J9 PHARMACOECONOMICS JI Pharmacoeconomics PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.2165/00019053-200523010-00005 PG 13 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 895FW UT WOS:000226847300005 PM 15693728 ER PT J AU Chen, RT Davis, RL Rhodes, PH AF Chen, Robert T. Davis, Robert L. Rhodes, Philip H. BE Strom, BL TI Special Methodological Issues in Pharmacoepidemiology Studies of Vaccine Safety SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EVENT-REPORTING-SYSTEM; DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; SUDDEN-INFANT-DEATH; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINE; HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINE; INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINATION; HYPOTONIC-HYPORESPONSIVE EPISODES; YELLOW-FEVER VACCINATION C1 [Chen, Robert T.; Rhodes, Philip H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Davis, Robert L.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bchen@cdc.gov; rdavis@u.washington.edu; prhodes@cdc.gov NR 304 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-05987-6 PY 2005 BP 455 EP 485 PG 31 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BYG80 UT WOS:000298629600031 ER PT J AU Lipsitch, M Whitney, CG Zell, E Kaijalainen, T Dagan, R Malley, R AF Lipsitch, M Whitney, CG Zell, E Kaijalainen, T Dagan, R Malley, R TI Are anticapsular antibodies the primary mechanism of protection against invasive pneumococcal disease? SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; NATURAL DEVELOPMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFECTION; EFFICACY; COLONIZATION AB Background Antibody to capsular polysaccharide has been the basis of several vaccines that offer protection against invasive disease from Streptococcus pneumoniae. The success of such vaccines has led to the inference that natural protection against invasive pneumococcal disease is largely conferred by anticapsular antibody. If this is so, one would expect that the decline in disease from different serotypes would vary significantly, and that the appearance of substantial concentrations of anticapsular antibodies would coincide temporally with the decline in age-specific incidence. Methods and Findings,Using incidence data from the United States, we show that, on the contrary, the decline in incidence with age is quite similar for the seven most important serogroups, despite large differences in exposure in the population. Moreover, only modest increases in antibody concentration occur over the second and third years of life, a period in which serotype-specific incidence declines to less than 25% of its peak. We also present detailed data on the distribution of antibody concentrations in Israeli toddlers, which are consistent with the United States findings. The same conclusion is supported by new data on age-specific incidence in Finland, which is compared with published data on antibody acquisition in Finnish toddlers. Conclusion We suggest some additional studies of the mechanisms of protection that could distinguish among potential alternative mechanisms, including acquired immunity to noncapsular antigens, maturation of nonspecific immune responses, or changes in anatomy or exposure. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Act Bacterial Core Suveillance, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Natl Reference Lab Pneumococcus, Oulu, Finland. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Soroka Univ, Med Ctr, Pediat Infect Dis Unit, Beer Sheva, Israel. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Lipsitch, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mlipsitc@hsph.harvard.edu OI Lipsitch, Marc/0000-0003-1504-9213 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1K08 AI51526-01, 1R01 AI48935, K08 AI051526, R01 AI048935] NR 32 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 1 BP 62 EP 68 AR e15 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020015 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 904UB UT WOS:000227522100017 PM 15696204 ER PT J AU Grainger, J Huang, WL Li, Z Edwards, S Walcott, C Smith, C Turner, W Wang, R Patterson, DG AF Grainger, J Huang, WL Li, Z Edwards, S Walcott, C Smith, C Turner, W Wang, R Patterson, DG TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon reference range levels in the US population by measurement of urinary mono-hydroxy metabolites SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE reference range; PAH mono-hydroxy metabolites; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; isotope-dilution mass spectrometry ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; COKE-OVEN WORKERS; PYRENE METABOLITES; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; PHENANTHRENE; BENZOPYRENE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEMOGLOBIN; ADDUCTS AB We developed a gas chromatography/isotope dilution high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/ID-HRMS) method for measuring 18 PAH metabolites representing 8 parent PAHs in 3 mL of urine at low part-per-trillion levels. We applied this method to the analysis of urine specimens from approximately, 2400 people who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 1999 and 2000 to determine levels for 14 PAH hydroxy metabolites of 7 parent compounds. Using this GC/ID-HRMS method, we found detectable concentrations for monohydroxy metabolite isomers of fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, and for chrysene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, and benz[a]anthracene. Some mono-hydroxy metabolite isomers of chrysene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, and benz[a]anthracene exhibited low detection frequencies which did not allow for geometric mean calculations. From our study, we established a reference range for the targeted PAHs in the general U.S. population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Grainger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jag2@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 47 EP 65 DI 10.1080/104066390517927 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 897CL UT WOS:000226981500004 ER PT J AU Shaheen, BW Barrett, T Oyarzabal, OA AF Shaheen, B. W. Barrett, T. Oyarzabal, O. A. TI Acid resistance properties of fluoroquinolone-resistant Camphylobacter jejuni. SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Camphylobacter; acid; adaptation; stress C1 [Shaheen, B. W.; Oyarzabal, O. A.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Barrett, T.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2005 VL 84 SU 1 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KR UT WOS:000203407700395 ER PT J AU Khoshnood, B Blondel, B Breart, G Lee, KS Pryde, P Schoendorf, K AF Khoshnood, B Blondel, B Breart, G Lee, KS Pryde, P Schoendorf, K TI Comparison of the use of amniocentesis in two countries with different policies for prenatal testing: the case of France and the United States SO PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS LA English DT Article DE prenatal diagnosis; amniocentesis; United States; France; maternal education ID DOWN-SYNDROME; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; PREGNANT-WOMEN; MATERNAL AGE; DIAGNOSIS; PREFERENCES; POPULATION; OUTCOMES; IMPACT; VALIDATION AB Objective To compare maternal age- and education-specific use of amniocentesis in France and the United States. Methods We used two nationally representative datasets, National Perinatal Survey of 1998 in France (n = 12 816) and National Center for Health Statistics birth data for 1997 in the United States (n = 3 799 975). Analyses included binomial regression with test of interactions between country, maternal age and education. Results Amniocentesis use was more than threefold greater in France than in the United States (Risk Ratio (RR) 3.2, 95% CI, 3.1-3.4). This was true across maternal age and education groups. Differences in use of amniocentesis were greatest, however, for women with lower levels of education and older (greater than or equal to38 years) women. Conclusion Our results suggest greater use and lesser disparities in maternal age- and education-specific use of amniocentesis in France as compared to that in the United States. These differences may be due to several factors, including differences in women's cultural values and preferences. They may also represent barriers to effective access to prenatal testing, particularly for women in lower socioeconomic groups, in the United States. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons. Ltd. C1 INSERM, U149, Epidemiol Res Unit Perinatal & Womens Hlth, F-94807 Villejuif, France. Univ Chicago, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Khoshnood, B (reprint author), INSERM, U149, Epidemiol Res Unit Perinatal & Womens Hlth, 16 Ave Paul Vaillant Couturier, F-94807 Villejuif, France. EM khoshnood@vjf.inserm.fr OI Khoshnood, Babak/0000-0002-4031-4915; breart, gerard/0000-0003-3142-9128 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-3851 J9 PRENATAL DIAG JI Prenat. Diagn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1002/pd.1075 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 893PK UT WOS:000226731500003 PM 15662697 ER PT J AU Mandell, DS Thompson, WW Weintraub, ES DeStefano, F Blank, MB AF Mandell, DS Thompson, WW Weintraub, ES DeStefano, F Blank, MB TI Trends in diagnosis rates for autism and ADHD at hospital discharge in the context of other psychiatric diagnoses SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; RUBELLA VACCINATION; NATIONAL TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective: Concerns have been raised over observed increases in the number of children who are given a diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental disorder. The goal of this study was to examine trends by age and calendar year in the diagnosis of two of these disorders, autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in the context of other psychiatric disorders in a sample of hospitalized children. Methods: Data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) were used for descriptive analyses of secular trends of diagnosed psychiatric disorders between 1989 and 2000. Changes over time in rates of diagnosis of autism, ADHD, affective disorders, and substance-related disorders were examined and compared. Results: Substance-related disorders were the most common mental disorders recorded at hospital discharge and increased by 39 percent between 1989 and 2000. Affective disorder was the next most common diagnosis and increased by 138 percent. Although autism and ADHD were far less common, their diagnosis rates nearly quadrupled over the course of the study. Although rates of diagnosis of affective and substance-related disorders generally increased over the lifespan, diagnosis of autism and ADHD followed a very different pattern, with peaks in rates at ages seven and 12. Conclusions: Increases in rates of diagnosis of etiologically unrelated mental disorders suggest that there have been changes in diagnostic practices over time, increases in community prevalence of these disorders, and increased likelihood of hospitalizations for different mental disorders. C1 Univ Penn, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Leonard Davis Inst Hlth Econ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mandell, DS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, 3535 Market St,3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mandelld@mail.upenn.edu RI Mandelld, David/A-1044-2007; Mandell, David/H-2730-2012 OI Mandell, David/0000-0001-8240-820X NR 53 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 56 IS 1 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1176/appi.ps.56.1.56 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 886HJ UT WOS:000226217200010 PM 15637193 ER PT J AU Gaines, SK Wold, JL Spencer, L Leary, JM AF Gaines, SK Wold, JL Spencer, L Leary, JM TI Assessing the need for child-care health consultants SO PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING LA English DT Article DE child care; child-care health consultants; healthy child care; public health nurses AB This study surveyed health and safety needs of child-care programs; examined the perceptions of directors, the person identified as being responsible for a program, concerning health consultation; and determined how directors would secure funds to pay for consultative services. The survey was conducted in a state without mandates for child-care health consultation and minimal access to consultants. The researchers designed and pilot-tested a Child Care Health and Safety Survey. Working with a task group of statewide child health experts, the researchers revised the survey and mailed it to a random sample of child-care programs. Twenty-two Head Start Programs, 122 licensed child-care centers, and 116 family child-care homes participated, representing a return rate of 73, 36, and 30%, respectively. The majority of programs expressed interest in child-care health consultation offered for free or fee-based. Directors identified reasonable means of obtaining funds to support consultation. All programs had needs related to supporting health practices in their settings, provision of health services for staff, and health screening for children. Public health nurses, specially trained to advise child care, are well positioned to offer consultation. Systems of health consultation may be accepted as fee-for-service arrangements, supporting sustainability. C1 Georgia State Univ, Byrdine F Lewis Sch Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gaines, SK (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Byrdine F Lewis Sch Nursing, POB 4019, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM sgaines@gsu.edu NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0737-1209 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NURS JI Public Health Nurs. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 8 EP 16 DI 10.1111/j.0737-1209.2005.22103.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing GA 889QM UT WOS:000226457500003 PM 15670320 ER PT J AU Miner, KR Childers, WK Alperin, M Cioffi, J Hunt, N AF Miner, KR Childers, WK Alperin, M Cioffi, J Hunt, N TI The MACH model: From competencies to instruction and performance of the public health workforce SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material AB In A National Public Health Strategy for Terrorism Preparedness and Response 2003-2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) outlined the 11 imperatives for preventing death, disability, disease, and injury associated with urgent health threats.(1) Imperative five, Competent and Sustainable Workforce, identifies four critical objectives: (1) increase the number and type of professionals who comprise a preparedness and response workforce; (2) deliver certification and competency-based training and education; (3) recruit and retain the highest quality workforce; and (4) evaluate the impact of training to ensure learning has occurred. The plan states: "Challenges that exist... include defining the role of certification, practicing quality assurance and performance measurement, developing customized standard competencies...."(1) The MACH (Miner, Alperin, Cioffl, and Hunt) Model, developed at the Rollins School of Public Health, serves as a logic map that describes the associations among the objectives and challenges within this imperative. The MACH Model places into context the organizational and instructional theories that underpin workforce preparation and practice. It also accounts for the two general types of needs within public health: those of the employee with skill deficits for specific tasks, which can be met through training or other expert systems; and those of the institution with deficiencies in the work environment, which can be met through management practices and organizational priorities. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Off Workforce Policy & Planning, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Miner, KR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd,8th Flr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM kminer@sph.emory.edu NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2005 VL 120 SU 1 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 940IH UT WOS:000230136400004 PM 16025702 ER PT J AU Compton, MT Kotwicki, RJ Kaslow, NJ Reissman, DB Wetterhall, SF AF Compton, MT Kotwicki, RJ Kaslow, NJ Reissman, DB Wetterhall, SF TI Incorporating mental health into bioterrorism response planning SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS; TERRORIST ATTACKS; DISASTER; ALCOHOL C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. DeKalb Cty Board Hlth, Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness, Decatur, GA USA. RP Compton, MT (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Box 26238,80 Jesse Hill Jr Dr SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM Michael.Compton@emory.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 6 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2005 VL 120 SU 1 BP 16 EP 19 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 940IH UT WOS:000230136400005 PM 16025703 ER PT J AU Estrada, LC Fraser, MR Cioffi, JP Sesker, D Walkner, L Brand, MW Kerby, DS Johnson, DL Cox, G Brewer, L AF Estrada, LC Fraser, MR Cioffi, JP Sesker, D Walkner, L Brand, MW Kerby, DS Johnson, DL Cox, G Brewer, L TI Partnering for preparedness: The project public health ready experience SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Effective partnerships between local and state public health agencies and schools of public health have tremendous potential to improve the health of communities nationwide. This article highlights successful collaboration between local public health agencies (LPHA), state health departments, and Academic Centers for Public Health Preparedness (ACPHP) in schools of public health developed through participation in Project Public Health Ready, a program to recognize LPHA emergency preparedness. The project's pilot phase illustrated that LPHAs, state health departments, and ACPHP can effectively work together to improve individual public health worker competency and organizational response capacity in local public health agencies nationwide. C1 NACCHO, Project Publ Hlth Ready, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NACCHO, Preparedness & Publ Hlth Infrastruct, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practise Program Off, Off Workforce Policy & Planning, Atlanta, GA USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, EMS & Disaster Operat, Div Epidemiol, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Upper Midwest Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Promot Sci,SW Ctr Publ Hlth Preparednes, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Tulsa City Cty Hlth Dept, Tulsa, OK USA. Tarrant Cty Publ Hlth Dept, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Estrada, LC (reprint author), NACCHO, Project Publ Hlth Ready, 1100 17th St NW,Flr 2, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM lestrada@naccho.org FU PHS HHS [302718] NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2005 VL 120 SU 1 BP 69 EP 75 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 940IH UT WOS:000230136400014 PM 16025710 ER PT J AU Mussolino, ME AF Mussolino, ME TI Depression and hip fracture risk: The NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; WOMEN; OSTEOPOROSIS; DISORDER; METABOLISM; SMOKING; CANCER; SAMPLE AB Objective. Since hip fracture is the most devastating consequence of osteoporosis from a public health standpoint, addressing whether depression is predictive of fracture risk is important. The purpose of this study is to determine whether individuals with high depressive symptomatology are more likely to suffer an osteoporotic hip fracture than subjects with intermediate or low depressive symptomatology. Methods. Data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1) were obtained from a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized civilians. A cohort aged 25 through 74 at baseline (1971-1975) was observed through 1992. Subjects were followed-up for a maximum of 22 years. Included in the analyses were 6,195 white and black subjects. Ninety-five percent of the original cohort completed the study. Hospital records and death certificates were used to identify a total of 122 hip fracture cases. Results. In an unadjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model for all individuals, depression was predictive of hip fracture (hazard ratio [HR]=1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.13, 3.21; p=0.016). In a multivariate proportional hazards model controlling for (1) age at baseline, (2) gender, (3) race, (4) body mass index, (5) smoking status, (6) alcohol consumption, and (7) physical activity level, high depressive symptomatology remained predictive of hip fracture (HR=1.70; 95% CI=0.99, 2.91; p=0.055). Conclusions. This study gives evidence of a prospective association between depression and hip fracture. Additional studies are needed to verify these findings and to elucidate the pathways for the effects of depression on hip fracture incidence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Mussolino, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 6431, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM MMussolino@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 120 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 881XF UT WOS:000225902100012 PM 15736334 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Li, JM Campsmith, M Sweeney, P Lee, LM AF Hall, HI Li, JM Campsmith, M Sweeney, P Lee, LM TI Date of first positive HIV test: Reliability of information collected for HIV/AIDS surveillance in the United States SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objectives. This study examined the reliability of the first positive HIV test date reported in the U.S. HIV/AIDS Reporting System (HARS). This date is essential to determine case counts for resource allocation for HIV treatment and prevention efforts. Methods. The dates of first positive HIV tests reported by individuals with HIV in an interview survey conducted in 16 states (n=16,394, interviewed 1995-2002) were compared with the dates of HIV diagnosis reported to HAIRS. The percentage of agreement for the year of diagnosis and the weighed kappa (k) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated. Results. Self-reported year of diagnosis agreed with the year of diagnosis in HARS for 56% of date pairs (k=0.69; 95% CI 0.68, 0.70); 30% reported an earlier diagnosis year. Agreement differed by sex, age, race, exposure, and reason or place of testing (p<.01). Lower agreement was found when the self-reported diagnostic test was anonymous (k=0.57; 95% CI 0.52, 0.62) compared with confidential tests (k=0.66; 95% CI 0.64, 0.68). Lower agreement was also found for cases first reported with AIDS (k=0.58; 95% CI 0.55, 0.62) compared with cases first reported with HIV not AIDS (k=0.71; 95% CI 0.70, 0.73) as well as for participants interviewed three years or more after their HARS diagnosis date (k=0.55; 95% CI 0.52, .57) compared with those interviewed within one year (k=0.62; 95% CI 0.61, 0.63). More than 20% of participants in almost all groups, however, reported earlier diagnosis years than those recorded in HARS. Conclusion. As many as 30% of HIV diagnoses may have occurred earlier than recorded in HARS. Additional studies need to determine mechanisms to adequately capture diagnosis dates in HARS. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ixh1@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 120 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 881XF UT WOS:000225902100015 PM 15736337 ER PT J AU Anderson, JL Hertel, NE AF Anderson, JL Hertel, NE TI Bremsstrahlung doses from natural uranium ingots SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Radiation Shielding (ICRS-10)/13th ANS Topical Meeting on Radiation Protection and Shielding (RPS 2004) CY MAY 09-14, 2004 CL Funchal, PORTUGAL SP Amer Nucl Soc AB In the past, some privately owned commercial facilities in the United States were involved in producing or processing radioactive materials used in the production of atomic weapons. Seven different geometrical objects, representative of the configurations of natural uranium metal potentially encountered by workers at these facilities, are modelled to determine gamma ray and bremsstrahlung dose rates. The dose rates are calculated using the MCNP5 code and also by using the MICROSHIELD point-kernel code. Both gamma ray and bremsstrahlung dose rates are calculated and combined to obtain a total dose rate. The two methods were found to be in good agreement despite differences in modelling assumptions and method differences. Computed total dose rates on the surface of these objects ranged from similar to 51-84 mu Sv h(-1) and 17-95 mu Sv h(-1) using the MCNP5 and the MICROSHIELD modeling, respectively. The partitioning of the computed dose rates between gamma rays and bremsstrahlung were the same order of magnitude for each object. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Anderson, JL (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM JLAnderson@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2005 VL 115 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 298 EP 301 DI 10.1093/rpd/nci119 PN 1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 010SQ UT WOS:000235218600060 PM 16381733 ER PT J AU Daniels, RD Schubauer-Berigan, MK AF Daniels, RD Schubauer-Berigan, MK TI Bias and uncertainty of penetrating photon dose measured by film dosemeters in an epidemiological study of US nuclear workers SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; ENERGIES AB A retrospective exposure assessment of 1269 study subjects was completed for use in a multi-site case-control study of the relationship between protracted workplace external radiation exposure and leukaemia mortality. The majority of exposure data result from film badge monitoring programmes at the four US weapons production facilities and a US Naval shipyard. Bias and uncertainty in reported exposures among study facilities and across time were as result of differences in incident photon energy, exposure geometry, dosemeter type and dosimetry methods. These sources of measurement uncertainty were examined by facility and time to derive bias factors (B) for normalising exposures. In conjunction with facility reported results, the bias factors provide a means to estimate the equivalent dose, penetrating to a depth of 10 mm [H-p(10)] and the equivalent dose to the active bone marrow for use in the epidemiological study. Uncertainty was expressed as the constructed 95% confidence interval (i.e. the 2.5th-97.5th% range) of the estimated parameter. The bias factors indicate that recorded exposures provide a reasonable estimate of Hp(10) (bias factor near unity) and overestimate equivalent dose to active bone marrow (HT) by a factor between 1.2 and 1.7. On average, dosemeter-response uncertainties estimated using Monte Carlo simulation were approximately +/- 19 and +/- 33% for H-p(10) and H-T, respectively. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. RP Daniels, RD (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 555 Ridge Ave,R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. EM RTD2@CDC.gov RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2005 VL 113 IS 3 BP 275 EP 289 DI 10.1093/rpd/nch470 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 929NW UT WOS:000229353800005 PM 15769802 ER PT J AU McCoy, LF Scholl, PF Schleicher, RL Groopman, JD Powers, CD Pfeiffer, CM AF McCoy, LF Scholl, PF Schleicher, RL Groopman, JD Powers, CD Pfeiffer, CM TI Analysis of aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct in serum using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ALBUMIN ADDUCTS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; RATS; BIOMARKERS; MORTALITY; DOSIMETRY; HUMANS AB A method for quantitative analysis of aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct (B1-Lys) in serum by liquid chromatography using tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) is presented. The protein in a 250-mu L sample was digested in the presence of a stable-isotope internal standard during a 4-h incubation at 37 degrees C with Pronase(TM). B1-Lys and the internal standard were extracted using mixed-mode solid-phase extraction cartridges and eluted with 2% formic acid in methanol. Following evaporation and reconstitution, extracts were injected onto a Luna C-18(2) column and eluted with a step gradient of acetonitrile and 0.06% formic acid. The B1-Lys and the internal standard were detected in a positive ionization selective reaction monitoring mode with a ThermoFinnigan TSQ Quantum triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Calibration curves were linear for concentrations from 0.05-8.0 ng/mL. The method was validated with aflatoxin B1 dosed rat serum diluted to anticipated high and low concentrations. Total imprecision determined from 30 measurements over 15 days was 5.6% and 9.1%, respectively. Recoveries of 78.8 +/- 6.4% for B1-Lys and 85.4 +/- 12.4% for the internal standard were based on the full extraction and reconstitution processes. The method can be used to quantitate B1-Lys at the 0.5 pg/mg albumin level and is suitable for routine analysis. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Schleicher, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zwa5@cdc.gov OI Scholl, Peter/0000-0002-8870-3266 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2005 VL 19 IS 16 BP 2203 EP 2210 DI 10.1002/rcm.2045 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 954NS UT WOS:000231162400001 PM 16015671 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Mi, LC Enada, A Myers, GL AF Vesper, HW Mi, LC Enada, A Myers, GL TI Assessment of microwave-assisted enzymatic digestion by measuring glycated hemoglobin A1c by mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDE ANALYSIS; COMPLICATIONS; METABOLITE; ADDUCTS; BLOOD AB Enzymatic digestion of proteins and analysis of the resulting peptides by mass spectrometry is an established approach in proteomics and in clinical and environmental chemistry. The long digestion times of several hours prevent the fast turnover of samples and results. Qualitative applications showed that microwave radiation profoundly shortens enzymatic digestion. However, its usefulness for quantitative applications had not been assessed. In this study, the microwave-assisted enzymatic digestion of hemoglobin at different temperatures, buffer concentrations, and digestion times was assessed and compared with conventional digestion for the proteolytic enzymes trypsin and Glu-C. A microwave-assisted enzymatic digestion method optimized for digestion time and temperature was applied for the analysis of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c and compared with a reference method. Using trypsin, complete digestion was obtained at 50 degrees C within 20 min. Under these conditions, the digestion efficiency was 20% higher than with conventional trypsin digestion. These effects were not observed with Glu-C as enzyme, probably because of the decreased stability of Glu-C at elevated temperatures in comparison with the trypsin used. The comparison of the optimized microwave-assisted digestion method using trypsin with the reference method for HbA1c using Glu-C gave a close correlation in the results (R-2: 0.996). A significant bias of 0.33% HbA1c was observed, with higher values obtained with the microwave-assisted tryptic digest; this finding might have resulted from the use of a different enzyme. This study showed that microwave-assisted enzymatic digestion can substantially reduce digestion times to minutes and can be used in qualitative as well as quantitative applications. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-25, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM HVesper@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2005 VL 19 IS 19 BP 2865 EP 2870 DI 10.1002/rcm.2135 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 969YL UT WOS:000232271800020 PM 16155977 ER PT S AU Raoult, D Fournier, PE Eremeeva, M Graves, S Kelly, PJ Oteo, JA Sekeyova, Z Tamura, A Tarasevich, I Zhang, LJ AF Raoult, D Fournier, PE Eremeeva, M Graves, S Kelly, PJ Oteo, JA Sekeyova, Z Tamura, A Tarasevich, I Zhang, LJ BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Naming of rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases SO RICKETTSIOSES: FROM GENOME TO PROTEOME, PATHOBIOLOGY, AND RICKETTSIAE AS AN INTERNATIONAL THREAT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Rickettsia; taxonomy; genus; species; rickettsiosis; name ID SPOTTED-FEVER-GROUP; AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; GENUS RICKETTSIA; COMB-NOV; TICKS; IDENTIFICATION; TYPHUS; PROTEIN AB Over the last 20 years, advances in molecular techniques have greatly facilitated the identification of the members of the Rickettsiales, and numerous new species and diseases have been described. In this paper, we review taxonomic rules and appropriate approaches to valid naming of rickettsial species and the diseases they cause. C1 Univ Mediterranee, Fac Med, CNRS, UMR 6020,IFR 48,Unite Rickettsies, F-13385 Marseille 05, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Geelong Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Geelong, Vic, Australia. Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Basseterre, St Kitts, W Ind Assoc St. Hosp La Rioja, Area Gest Clin Enfermedades Infecc, Logrono, Spain. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Virol, Bratislava, Slovakia. Niigata Univ Pharm & Appl Life Sci, Niigata, Japan. Russian Acad Med Sci, Gamaleya Inst Epidemiol & Microbiol, Lab Rickettsial Ecol, Moscow, Russia. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Raoult, D (reprint author), Univ Mediterranee, Fac Med, CNRS, UMR 6020,IFR 48,Unite Rickettsies, 27 Blvd Jean Moulin, F-13385 Marseille 05, France. EM didier.raoult@medecine.univ-inrs.fr NR 53 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-600-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1063 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1196/annals.1355.002 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEE03 UT WOS:000236907200001 PM 16481485 ER PT S AU Eremeeva, ME Madan, A Shaw, CD Tang, K Dasch, GA AF Eremeeva, Marina E. Madan, Anup Shaw, Chris D. Tang, Kevin Dasch, Gregory A. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI New perspectives on rickettsial evolution from new genome sequences of Rickettsia, particularly R. canadensis, and Orientia tsutsugamushi SO RICKETTSIOSES: FROM GENOME TO PROTEOME, PATHOBIOLOGY, AND RICKETTSIAE AS AN INTERNATIONAL THREAT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Rickettsia; Orientia; genome; variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR); annotation ID TYPHUS GROUP RICKETTSIAE; RNA GENE-SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; FLYING SQUIRRELS; SPOTTED-FEVER; DNA-SEQUENCES; CANADA; PROWAZEKII; STRAINS; INFECTION AB The complete genome sequences available for eight species of Rickettsia and information for other near relatives in the Rickettsiales including Orientia and species of Anaplasmataceae are a rich resource for comparative analyses of the evolution of these obligate intracellular bacteria. Differences in these organisms have permitted them to colonize varied intracellular compartments, arthropod vectors, and vertebrate reservoirs in both pathogenic and symbiotic relationships. We summarize some comparative aspects of the genomes of these organisms, paying particular attention to the recently completed sequence for R. canadensis McKiel strain and an estimated two-thirds of the genome sequence for a Thailand patient isolate of Orientia tsutsugamushi. The Rickettsia genomes exhibit a high degree of synteny punctuated by distinctive chromosome inversions and consistent phylogenetic relationships regardless of whether protein coding sequences or RNA genes, concatenated open reading frames or gene regions, or whole genomes are used to construct phylogenetic trees. The aggregate characteristics (number, length, composition, repeat identity) of tandem repeat sequences of Rickettsia, which often exhibit recent and rapid divergence between closely related strains and species of bacteria, are also very conserved in Rickettsia but differed significantly in Orientia. O. tsutsugamushi shared no significant synteny to species of Rickettsia or Anaplasmataceae, supporting its placement in a unique genus. Like Rickettsia felis, Orientia has many transposases and ankyrin and tetratricopeptide repeat domains. Orientia shares the important ATP/ADP translocase and proline-betaine transporter multigene families with Rickettsia, but has more gene families that may be involved in regulatory and transporter responses to environmental stimuli. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Iowa, Neurobiol Lab, Iowa City, IA USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Interact Arts & Technol, Surrey, BC, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mail Stop G-13,1600 CLifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MEremeeva@cdc.gov OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI50942, AI05326-01] NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-600-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1063 BP 47 EP 63 DI 10.1196/annals.1355.006 PG 17 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEE03 UT WOS:000236907200005 PM 16481489 ER PT S AU Paddock, CD AF Paddock, CD BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Rickettsia parkeri as a paradigm for multiple causes of tick-borne spotted fever in the Western Hemisphere SO RICKETTSIOSES: FROM GENOME TO PROTEOME, PATHOBIOLOGY, AND RICKETTSIAE AS AN INTERNATIONAL THREAT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Rickettsia parkeri; Rickettsia rickettsii; Rickettsia amblyommii; spotted fever rickettsia; rocky mountain spotted fever; Amblyomma maculatum; gulf coast tick; R.R!Parker ID GULF-COAST TICK; UNITED-STATES; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; INFECTED TICKS; IXODIDAE; TYPHUS; ACARI; OHIO; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Among the many contributions made to rickettsiology by entomologist and rickettsiologist Ralph R. Parker was his discovery in 1937 of a novel rickettsia isolated from the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum. This bacterium was subsequently characterized as a unique rickettsial species in 1965 and named Rickettsia parkeri in honor of its discoverer. During the next several decades R. parkeri was generally considered as one of several "nonpathogenic" spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae that resided in ticks of the United States. The identification of novel rickettsioses on other continents during the last two decades of the twentieth century provided important evidence of the frequent coexistence of multiple and unique tick-borne SFG rickettsiae sharing common geographic regions. Surprisingly, this paradigm, which was repeatedly demonstrated in Europe, Africa, and Australia during the last 10 years, had no confirmed correlate in the United States until 2002, when R. parkeri was isolated from a patient from the state of Virginia. Several pieces of epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical evidence are compelling enough to suggest that this infection has occurred in other U.S. patients who reside within the range of the Gulf Coast tick. Just as important are new data indicating relatively high infection rates of A. maculatum ticks with R. parkeri, documenting the occurrence of R. parkeri in Amblyomma triste ticks from Uruguay, and providing evidence that other Amblyomma species might serve as efficient vectors of R. parkeri. The recognition of R. parkeri as a cause of disease in humans will hopefully encourage a closer examination for specific etiologies of tick-borne spotted fever rickettsioses in the United States and other countries of the Western Hemisphere. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G-32,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdp9@cdc.gov NR 67 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-600-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1063 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1196/annals.1355.051 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEE03 UT WOS:000236907200050 PM 16481534 ER PT S AU Jiang, J Blair, PJ Felices, V Moron, C Cespedes, M Anaya, E Schoeler, GB Sumner, JW Olson, JG Richards, AL AF Jiang, J Blair, PJ Felices, V Moron, C Cespedes, M Anaya, E Schoeler, GB Sumner, JW Olson, JG Richards, AL BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Phylogenetic analysis of a novel molecular isolate of spotted fever group rickettsiae from northern Peru - Candidatus rickettsia andeanae SO RICKETTSIOSES: FROM GENOME TO PROTEOME, PATHOBIOLOGY, AND RICKETTSIAE AS AN INTERNATIONAL THREAT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Peru; ticks; spotted fever rickettsiae; phylogenetic analysis ID IDENTIFICATION AB Phylogenetic analysis of five rickettsial genes (17-kDa gene, gltA, ompB, ompA, and sca4) from two molecular isolates of Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae from two ticks (Amblyomma maculatum and Ixodes boliviensis) collected from two domestic horses living in two separate locations in northern Peru (Coletas and Naranjo) was conducted to more clearly characterize this recently reported novel spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsia. Following nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 17-kDa gene, gltA, ompB, ompA, and sca4, amplicons were purified, sequenced, and compared to those downloaded from GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses of the Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae sequences generated from 17-kDa gene (483 bp), gltA (1185 bp), ompA (1598 lip), ompB (4839 bp), and sca4 (2634 bp) demonstrated that they aligned strongly with those of SFG rickettsiae. Moreover, the sequences of these five genes most closely aligned with the following rickettsiae: ompA: Rickettsia sp RpA4 (98.03%), R. sp DnS28 (97.90%), and R. rhipicephali and R. massiliae (97.11%); ompB: R. aeschlimannii (97.22%), R. rhipicephali (97.20%), and R. sp Bar 29 (97.10%); and sca4: R. massiliae (97.8%), R. rhipicephali, and R. slovaca (97.7%). These results from the additional phylogenetic analyses of Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae confirm its inclusion within, and distance and uniqueness from, other known SFG rickettsiae. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM RichardsA@nmrc.navy.mil NR 5 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-600-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1063 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1196/annals.1355.054 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEE03 UT WOS:000236907200053 PM 16481537 ER PT S AU Reeves, WK Loftis, AD Priestley, RA Wills, W Sanders, F Dasch, GA AF Reeves, WK Loftis, AD Priestley, RA Wills, W Sanders, F Dasch, GA BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Molecular and biological characterization of a novel Coxiella-like agent from Carios capensis SO RICKETTSIOSES: FROM GENOME TO PROTEOME, PATHOBIOLOGY, AND RICKETTSIAE AS AN INTERNATIONAL THREAT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE argasidae; Coxiella; characterization; novel species ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BURNETII; SEQUENCE; TICKS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; MICROORGANISM; AMPLIFICATION; SAMPLES; 23S AB The genus Coxiella is currently defined by a single monotypic species, Coxiella burnetii. Novel Coxiella spp. have been detected in ticks throughout the world. These bacteria have not been cultured or named, and their evolutionary relationships to C. burnetii are poorly known. A novel Coxiella-like agent was detected by PCR amplification and sequencing of DNA extracted from 64 pelican ticks, Carios capensis, from Devoux Bank, South Carolina, USA. PCR was used to amplify and characterize genes from the new bacterium. Sequences from some metabolic and housekeeping genes shared a 92-98% similarity to C. burnetii, but other genes such as the IS1111 transposon, com1, and 5S and 16S rRNA genes were not amplified by conventional PCR. Transovarial and transtadial transmission and environmental shedding of the agent were detected by PCR. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Santee Coastal Reserve, McClellanville, SC USA. RP Dasch, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cui8@cdc.gov OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-600-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1063 BP 343 EP 345 DI 10.1196/annals.1355.055 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEE03 UT WOS:000236907200054 PM 16481538 ER PT S AU Massung, RF Zeidner, NS Dolan, MC Roellig, D Gabitzsch, E Troughton, DR AF Massung, RF Zeidner, NS Dolan, MC Roellig, D Gabitzsch, E Troughton, DR BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Prophylactic use of sustained-release doxycycline blocks tick-transmitted infection by Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a murine model SO RICKETTSIOSES: FROM GENOME TO PROTEOME, PATHOBIOLOGY, AND RICKETTSIAE AS AN INTERNATIONAL THREAT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Ixodes scapularis; doxycycline; human granulocytic anaplasmosis; treatment ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS AB A sustained-release formulation of doxycycline hyclate was tested for its ability to block Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in mice. Mice treated with sustained-release doxycycline showed no splenomegaly and their blood samples were negative by PCR on days 7, 14, and 21. Control mice treated with either oral doxycycline or water had significant splenomegaly and were PCR positive at multiple time points. The sustained-release doxycycline formulation was shown to be efficacious for preventing tick-transmitted A. phagocytophilum infection in a mouse model. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfm2@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-600-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1063 BP 436 EP 438 DI 10.1196/annals.1355.080 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEE03 UT WOS:000236907200072 PM 16481556 ER PT J AU Curwin, B Brown, A Acquavella, J AF Curwin, B Brown, A Acquavella, J TI Sessions on exposure assessment SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Monsanto Inc, St Louis, MO USA. RP Curwin, B (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM bcurwin@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 2005 VL 31 SU 1 BP 63 EP 65 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 966HI UT WOS:000232010300010 ER PT J AU Fingerhut, M Driscoll, T Nelson, DI Concha-Barrientos, M Punnett, L Pruss-Ustin, A Steenland, K Leigh, J Corvalan, C AF Fingerhut, M Driscoll, T Nelson, DI Concha-Barrientos, M Punnett, L Pruss-Ustin, A Steenland, K Leigh, J Corvalan, C TI Contribution of occupational risk factors to the global burden of disease - a summary of findings SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Occupational Health Services CY JAN 25-27, 2005 CL Helsinki, FINLAND DE asthma; back pain; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; hearing loss; leukemia; lung cancer; needlesticks; occupational disease; occupational injuries; occupational carcinogens; risk assessment AB The World Health Organization conducted a comparative risk assessment to ascertain the contributions of 26 risk factors to the global burden of disease. Five occupational risk factors accounted for an estimated 37% of back pain, 16% of hearing loss, 13% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 11% of asthma, 9% of lung cancer, 8% of injuries, and 2% of leukemia worldwide. Virtually all cases of silicosis, asbestosis, and coal workers' pneumoconiosis were work-related. Contaminated sharps injuries accounted for 40% of hepatitis B, 40% of hepatitis C, and 4% of HIV/AlDS infections among health care workers. Data limitations, primarily in developing countries, prevented the inclusion of other major occupational risk factors. These selected occupational risks accounted for about 850 000 deaths and 24 million years of healthy life lost each year. The deaths due to these selected occupational risk factors constitute only 43% of the International Labour Organization's estimate of 2 million deaths worldwide due to work-related risks. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Geol Soc Amer, Boulder, CO USA. Asociac Chilena Seguridad, Santiago, Chile. Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA. World Hlth Org, Occupat & Environm Hlth Unit, Geneva, Switzerland. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Fingerhut, M (reprint author), NIOSH, 200 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20201 USA. EM mfingerhut@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 2005 SU 1 BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 981IY UT WOS:000233083300014 ER PT J AU Finelli, L Miller, JT Tokars, JI Alter, MJ Arduino, MJ AF Finelli, L Miller, JT Tokars, JI Alter, MJ Arduino, MJ TI National surveillance of dialysis-associated diseases in the United States, 2002 SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B; HEMODIALYSIS UNIT; OUTBREAK AB In December 2002, all U.S. chronic hemodialysis centers were surveyed regarding selected patient care practices and dialysis-associated diseases. The results were compared with similar surveys conducted in previous years. In 2002, 85% of hemodialysis centers were free-standing and 81% operated for profit; the proportion of centers operating for profit has increased each year since 1985. During 1995-2002, the percentage of patients who received dialysis through central catheters increased from 13% to 26%; this trend is worrisome, as infections and antimicrobial use are higher among patients receiving dialysis through catheters. However, during the same period, the percentage of patients receiving dialysis through fistulas increased from 22% to 33%. The percentage of centers reporting one or more patients infected or colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) increased from 12% in 1995 to 30% in 2002. During 1997-2002, the percentage of patients vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection increased from 47% to 56% and the percentage of staff vaccinated increased from 87% to 90%. In 2002, routine testing for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was performed on patients at 64% of centers; anti-HCV was found in 7.8% of patients. In 2001, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published Recommendations for Preventing Transmission of Infections among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Centers were surveyed regarding their awareness of the recommendations and about a variety of infection control practices. In general, the incidence of HBV and HCV was not substantially different for the infection control practices evaluated, including where staff obtain clean supplies for patient treatment, reuse of unused and unopened supplies, and practices for changing external transducer filters/protectors. However, in 2002, the incidence of HBV infection was higher among patients in centers where injectable medications were prepared on a medication cart or medication area located in the treatment area compared to a dedicated medication room. Also, those centers that used a disposable container versus a nondisposable container for priming the dialyzer had a significantly lower incidence of HCV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthcare Outcomes Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral Hepatitis,natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Finelli, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LFinelli@cdc.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 24 TC 203 Z9 218 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2005.18108.x PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 889JY UT WOS:000226440500015 PM 15663766 ER PT J AU Rota, PA Liu, X Cook, BT Tong, SX AF Rota, Paul A. Liu, Xin Cook, Byron T. Tong, Suxiang BE Peiris, M Anderson, LJ Osterhaus, AD Stohr, K Yuen, KY TI Structure of the Genome of SARS CoV SO SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACUTE-RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME; SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; EVOLUTION; CHINA; SEQUENCE; UNIQUE; VIRUS C1 [Rota, Paul A.; Liu, Xin; Cook, Byron T.; Tong, Suxiang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47075-595-2 PY 2005 BP 58 EP 63 D2 10.1002/9780470755952 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA BZM56 UT WOS:000302029300009 ER PT B AU LeDuc, JW AF LeDuc, James W. BE Peiris, M Anderson, LJ Osterhaus, AD Stohr, K Yuen, KY TI Public Health Response: A View from a Region with a Low Incidence of SARS SO SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; CORONAVIRUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP LeDuc, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47075-595-2 PY 2005 BP 169 EP 175 D2 10.1002/9780470755952 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA BZM56 UT WOS:000302029300019 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Merianos, A Roth, C Anderson, LJ AF Parashar, Umesh D. Merianos, Angela Roth, Cathy Anderson, Larry J. BE Peiris, M Anderson, LJ Osterhaus, AD Stohr, K Yuen, KY TI Preparing for a Possible Resurgence of SARS SO SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; HONG-KONG; CORONAVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; CLUSTER C1 [Parashar, Umesh D.; Anderson, Larry J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Merianos, Angela] World Hlth Org, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47075-595-2 PY 2005 BP 231 EP 238 D2 10.1002/9780470755952 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA BZM56 UT WOS:000302029300024 ER PT J AU Valappil, T Kelaghan, J Macaluso, M Artz, L Austin, H Fleenor, ME Robey, L Hook, EW AF Valappil, T Kelaghan, J Macaluso, M Artz, L Austin, H Fleenor, ME Robey, L Hook, EW TI Female condom and male condom failure among women at high risk of sexually transmitted diseases SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL-TRIAL; LATEX CONDOM; CONTRACEPTIVE EFFICACY; POLYURETHANE CONDOM; VAGINAL INTERCOURSE; HIV TRANSMISSION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; SEX WORKERS AB Objective: The objective of this study was to study the frequency and determinants of breakage and slippage during female and male condom use. Goal: The goal of this study was to determine condom breakage and slippage rate. Study: We conducted a 6-month prospective follow-up study of women attending 2 sexually transmitted disease clinics. Breakage and slippage rates were computed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate baseline characteristics and time-dependent behaviors. Results: A total of 869 women used condoms in 20,148 acts of intercourse. Breakage was less common for female condoms (0.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.21) than for male condoms (3.1%; 95% CI, 2.80-3.42). Slippage was more common for female condoms (5.6%; 95% CI, 5.10-6.13) than for male condoms (1.1%; 95% CI, 0.90-1.28). Rates significantly decreased with use and increased with number of previous failures. From first use to >15 uses, combined failure rate fell from 20% to 1.2% for female condoms (P <0.0001) and 9% to 2.3% for male condoms (P <0.01). Conclusions: Both condoms may provide good protection against sexually transmitted diseases. Experience determines success with either condom. C1 US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. NICHHD, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Jefferson Cty Dept Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Madison Cty Hlth Dept, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Valappil, T (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, HFD-725,9201 Corp Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM valappilt@cder.fda.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-1-3,135] NR 51 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000148295.60514.0b PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 885XZ UT WOS:000226192000006 PM 15614119 ER PT J AU Choi, KH McFarland, W Neilands, TB Nguyen, S Secura, G Behel, S MacKellar, D Valleroy, L AF Choi, KH McFarland, W Neilands, TB Nguyen, S Secura, G Behel, S MacKellar, D Valleroy, L TI High level of hepatitis B infection and ongoing risk among Asian/Pacific islander men who have sex with men, San Francisco, 2000-2001 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID YOUNG MEN; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; HIV; VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; PREVALENCE; HEALTH AB Objectives: This study examined serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and immunity among young Asian/Pacific Islander men who have sex with men (API MSM) in San Francisco. Methods: Participants were 496 API MSM, aged 18 to 29 years, recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey using a random, venue-based, time-space sampling method. Results: Of 489 subjects tested, 28.0% had evidence of past HBV infection, including 8.2% who were chronically infected; 24.9% were immune as a result of vaccination; and 47.0% were susceptible to infection. Self-reported vaccination history was low overall and discrepant with serologic findings. Conclusions: HBV infection persists as a significant health problem among API MSM as a result of childhood infection, low vaccination coverage in Asia and the United States, and continuing adult exposure through male-male sex. Although challenging, vigorous efforts are needed to increase vaccination coverage among adult API MSM. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Choi, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 74 New Montgomery St,Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM khchoi@psg.ucsf.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU906255-12] NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000148296.93945.53 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 885XZ UT WOS:000226192000007 PM 15614120 ER PT J AU van der Straten, A Kang, MS Posner, SF Kamba, M Chipato, T Padian, NS AF van der Straten, A Kang, MS Posner, SF Kamba, M Chipato, T Padian, NS TI Predictors of diaphragm use as a potential sexually transmitted disease/HIV prevention method in Zimbabwe SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACCEPTABILITY; WOMEN; HIV; TRANSMISSION; CONTRACEPTIVES; SPERMICIDE; INFECTION; CULTURE; TURKEY; TRACT AB Background: Women who are the most vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases/HIV are often unable to consistently use condoms. One potential alternative method currently under investigation is the diaphragm. Goals: The goals of this study were to assess diaphragm uptake and use over time in Zimbabwe and to identify factors associated with self-reported consistent diaphragm use. Study: Women attending family planning clinics who were inconsistent condom users received a diaphragm intervention and were followed for 6 months. Results: Of the 186 participants, 99% ever reported using the diaphragm, and, at study exit, 96% had used it in the previous 2 months. Consistent diaphragm use since the previous visit was reported by 13% to 16% of the women, and in multivariate regression analysis, it was significantly associated with never using condoms (adjusted odds ratio, 24.08; 95% confidence interval, 6.71-86.34). Other factors included discreet use, preferring diaphragms to condoms, timing of insertion, domestic violence, and contraception. Conclusion: Diaphragms were well accepted among women at risk for sexually transmitted diseases/HIV. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Ctr Reprod Hlth Res & Policy, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, UZ UCSF Collaborat Res Programme Womens Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Zimbabwe, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP van der Straten, A (reprint author), Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, 74 New Montgomery St,Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM avdstraten@psg.ucsf.edu OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 43 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000148301.90343.3a PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 885XZ UT WOS:000226192000010 PM 15614123 ER PT J AU Kisin, E Murray, AR Johnson, V Gorelik, O Arepalli, S Gandelsman, VZ Hubbs, AF Mercer, RR Baron, P Kagan, VE Potapovich, AI Castranova, V Shvedova, AA AF Kisin, E Murray, AR Johnson, V Gorelik, O Arepalli, S Gandelsman, VZ Hubbs, AF Mercer, RR Baron, P Kagan, VE Potapovich, AI Castranova, V Shvedova, AA TI Pulmonary oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by carbon nanotubes. SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Congress of the European-Shock-Society CY JAN 27-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Shock Soc, Soc Advancement Res Traumat & Sept Shock C1 NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, HELD, Morgantown, WV USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, HELD, Morgantown, WV USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Engn Directorate, Mat & Proc Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NASA, Nanotube Team, GBTech Inc, JSC, Houston, TX USA. NIOSH, Monitoring Res & Stat Act, DART, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2005 VL 23 SU 2 MA 177 BP 65 EP 65 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 884QP UT WOS:000226101200151 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Chapman, DP AF Strine, TW Chapman, DP TI Associations of frequent sleep insufficiency with health-related quality of life and health behaviors SO SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE insufficient sleep; health-related quality of life; risk behaviors; chronic disease; physical health; mental health ID SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; DISORDERS; DISTURBANCES; AGE AB Background and purpose: Sleep-related problems, which affect 50-70 million Americans, involve all areas of life, including cognitive performance, emotional well-being, work and leisure-time activities, and general physical and mental well-being. We examined the association of insufficient sleep with health-related quality of life (BRQOL) and health behaviors. Patients and methods: Data were obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing, state-based, random-digit telephone survey of the non-institutionalized US population aged greater than or equal to 18 years. In 2002, HRQOL measures were administered in 18 states and the District of Columbia, yielding complete responses to questions regarding sleep and demographic characteristics from 98% of study participants (n = 79,625). Results: An estimated 26% of adults reported frequent ( greater than or equal to 14 days in the past 30 days) sleep insufficiency. They were significantly more likely than those without frequent sleep insufficiency to report fair/poor general health, frequent physical distress, frequent mental distress, activity limitations, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and pain. In addition, they were significantly more likely to smoke, to be physically inactive, to be obese, and, among men, to drink heavily. Conclusion: Insufficient sleep is associated with a variety of adverse health behaviors and impairment in all HRQOL domains investigated. Accordingly, assessment of sleep appears to be an important component of general medical care. Moreover, expanded assessment of sleep in the general population may provide a better understanding of prevalence of impaired sleep and its many implications. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 143 Z9 153 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9457 J9 SLEEP MED JI Sleep Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.sleep.2004.06.003 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 899CY UT WOS:000227123700003 PM 15680291 ER PT J AU Kendall, C Afable-Munsuz, A Speizer, I Avery, A Schmidt, N Santelli, J AF Kendall, C Afable-Munsuz, A Speizer, I Avery, A Schmidt, N Santelli, J TI Understanding pregnancy in a population of inner-city women in New Orleans - results of qualitative research SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE unintended pregnancy; qualitative methods; multiple dimensions; inner-city women; relationships; USA ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCIES; TEENAGE CHILDBEARING; UNITED-STATES; CONDOM; INTENTIONS; QUESTIONS; BEHAVIOR; RISK AB Unintended pregnancy has conventionally been defined as a pregnancy that is mistimed or unwanted, and this classification has been widely used in survey research. This study explores the utility of these constructs for women who visited a family planning clinic and a prenatal clinic in inner-city New Orleans, LA, and, by extension, for women of similar background and experience. We used semi-structured, open-ended research to explore sexual debut and history, contraceptive knowledge and use, pregnancy history, partner relations, and service use among 77 women (73 of whom were African-American). This study addresses the apparent paradox of high-risk sexual and contraceptive behavior in the presence of expressed preferences to postpone childbearing. It provides some insight into the cultural and social context in which these events and decisions take place and explores the multiple dimensions that shape women's sexual behaviors and their desires for pregnancy. The dimensions explored include perceptions of and experiences with sex/sexuality, values concerning childbearing/motherhood, relationships with partners, experiences with contraception, and attitudes toward abortion. The apparent ambivalence seen in reports of women asked whether a pregnancy was intended, such as statements that they did not want to get pregnant but were either not using contraception or using it irregularly, calls into question the idea that intendedness can be routinely and easily inferred from survey research. Correspondingly, it is not possible to simply assume that either intentionality or future intentions directly affect decisions to use contraception. The problem is that the many factors-structural and individual-affect women's preferences and ability to postpone a pregnancy or to use contraception. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Int Hlth & Dev, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Social Disparities Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, DynCorp Consultant Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Richmond, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Reprod Hlth, Appl Sci Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kendall, C (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Int Hlth & Dev, 1440 Canal St,Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM ckendall@tulane.edu NR 40 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 60 IS 2 BP 297 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.05.007 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 872KV UT WOS:000225207000009 PM 15522486 ER PT J AU Schmid, T Zabina, H McQueen, D Glasunov, I Potemkina, R AF Schmid, T Zabina, H McQueen, D Glasunov, I Potemkina, R TI The first telephone-based health survey in Moscow: building a model for behavioral risk factor surveillance in Russia SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Russian Ctr Prevent Med, Moscow, Russia. RP Schmid, T (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, MS K-46,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Tschmid@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0303-8408 J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED JI Sozial-und Pravent. PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 60 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s000380-004-3069-z PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 994QI UT WOS:000234045900016 PM 15771331 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM AF Flegal, KM TI Estimating the impact of obesity SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Weight & Hlth, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. EM kmf2@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0303-8408 J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED JI Sozial-und Pravent. PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 73 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s00038-004-4109-4 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 994QJ UT WOS:000234046000001 PM 15900958 ER PT J AU Huo, DZ Bailey, SL Garfein, RS Ouellet, LJ AF Huo, DZ Bailey, SL Garfein, RS Ouellet, LJ TI Changes in the sharing of drug injection equipment among street-recruited injection drug users in Chicago, Illinois, 1994-1996 SO SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE LA English DT Article DE HIV infections; intravenous substance abuse; longitudinal studies; needle-exchange program; needle sharing ID HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; SYRINGE EXCHANGE; VIRUS-INFECTION; HEPATITIS-C; DETERMINANTS; PREVALENCE; PREDICTORS; PROGRAM AB This study examines changes in the multi-person use of drug injection paraphernalia during the mid-1990s, a time of increasing awareness of HIV transmission modes and availability of prevention programs. Beginning in 1994, 794 street-recruited injection drug users in Chicago were interviewed and followed at 6 and 12 months postbaseline. Random-effects, pattern-mixture logistic regression models were used to determine correlates of five injection-equipment sharing practices, while accounting for repeated measurement and study attrition. At baseline, 45.7% of participants reported receptive syringe sharing in the previous 6 months. Syringe-mediated sharing was reported by 28.7% of participants and the sharing of cookers (65.1%), cotton filters (55.7%), and rinse water (46.9%) was common. During follow-up, the proportion of all sharing behaviors decreased significantly, especially receptive syringe sharing. Participation in a syringe exchange program was associated with reductions in receptive syringe sharing and syringe-mediated sharing, but not the sharing of cookers. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Hlth Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Community Outreach Intervent Projects, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Huo, DZ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Hlth Studies, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM dhuo@health.bsd.uchicago.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU509678-01] NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1082-6084 J9 SUBST USE MISUSE JI Subst. Use Misuse PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 DI 10.1081/JA-200030495 PG 14 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 891MM UT WOS:000226585200004 PM 15702649 ER PT J AU Costello, R Young, J Burkholder, R Cranston, J Ortel, TL Dentali, S Cotter, R Maillet, JOS Hawkins, B Hooper, WC AF Costello, R Young, J Burkholder, R Cranston, J Ortel, TL Dentali, S Cotter, R Maillet, JOS Hawkins, B Hooper, WC TI Dialogue with patient care organizations SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Dietary Supplements, Coagulation and Antithrombotic Therapies CY JAN 13-14, 2005 CL NIH, Bethesda, MD HO NIH ID ST-JOHNS-WORT; VITAMIN-K INTAKE; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS; HERBAL MEDICINES; PRODUCTS; THERAPIES; MORTALITY; REMEDIES; GINSENG C1 NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Platelet Disorder Support Assoc, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Consumers League, Washington, DC USA. Amer Med Assoc, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. Amer Soc Hematol, Washington, DC USA. Amer Herbal Prod Assoc, Silver Spring, MD USA. Amer Soc Clin Nutr, Bethesda, MD USA. Amer Dietet Assoc, Chicago, IL USA. Amer Soc Hlth Syst Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Costello, R (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd,3B01, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM CostellB@od.nih.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PY 2005 VL 117 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.07.004 PG 12 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 987AM UT WOS:000233490800031 PM 16125754 ER PT J AU Brent, G Boyle, CA AF Brent, G Boyle, CA TI The impact of maternal thyroid diseases on the developing fetus: Implications for diagnosis, treatment, and screening. Summary of proceedings, workshop organization, program, and participants SO THYROID LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Amer Thyroid Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Div Thyroid 1, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Boyle, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cboyle@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1089/thy.2005.15.36 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 896FX UT WOS:000226921100007 PM 15687821 ER PT J AU Boyle, CA Ladenson, P Haddow, JE AF Boyle, CA Ladenson, P Haddow, JE TI Methods and criteria used in evidence-based decisions in public health SO THYROID LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Impact of Maternal Thyroid Diseases on the Developing Fetus CY JAN 12-13, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA ID GUIDELINES AB A workshop entitled, "The Impact of Maternal Thyroid Diseases on the Developing Fetus: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Screening," was held in Atlanta, Georgia, January 12-13, 2004. This paper reports on the session that examined methods and criteria used for decisions in public health. For this session the following papers were presented: "Methods to Evaluate Scientific Evidence," "Criteria for Screening," and "Public Health Considerations." Development of evidence-based guidelines, strengthened by rigorous systematic reviews, will improve the quality, efficiency, and cost effectiveness of management of thyroid dysfunction among reproductive-age women. Maternal and fetal benefits that have been hypothesized to result from screening pregnant and pre-pregnant women for hypothyroidism include reduced incidences of peripartum maternal complications and fetal loss and optimization of fetal and neonatal neuropsychological development. Screening should be considered as the initial step in a comprehensive program that includes appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The actual benefits and potential risks (i.e., iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis) of implementing a thyroid function screening program have not been demonstrated in a prospective randomized clinical trial or prospective cohort study. Consequently, it is difficult to develop consensus and secure resources for a comprehensive thyroid function screening and therapeutic intervention program in women who are or anticipate becoming pregnant. Marshalling support for performance of both a clinical trial and high-quality observational studies should be a high priority. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Baltimore, MD USA. Fdn Blood Res, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA. RP Boyle, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cboyle@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 41 EP 43 DI 10.1089/thy.2005.15.41 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 896FX UT WOS:000226921100008 PM 15687822 ER PT J AU Hollowell, JG LaFranchi, S Smallridge, RC Spong, CY Haddow, JE Boyle, CA AF Hollowell, JG LaFranchi, S Smallridge, RC Spong, CY Haddow, JE Boyle, CA TI 2004 where do we go from here? - Summary of working group discussions on thyroid function and gestational outcomes SO THYROID LA English DT Editorial Material AB A workshop entitled, "The Impact of Maternal Thyroid Diseases on the Developing Fetus: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Screening," was held in Atlanta, Georgia, January 12-13,2004. This paper reports points of agreement among the attendees based on the scientific rigor of material presented. At the end of the workshop, participants were divided into four smaller groups to discuss and determine areas of agreement on issues associated with thyroid insufficiency, identify research needs and gaps, and recommend research strategies and policy needs. Discussion included: problems for the mother and the pregnancy; neuropsychological/developmental performance in offspring of women with thyroid deficiency; issues of diagnosis and treatment for the pregnant women with overt and subclinical hypothyroidism; the issues involved with screening women who are pregnant or who are planning pregnancy; and the status of Iodine Nutrition in the United States. The group then identified research needs and gaps. The results of these discussions are outlined in the paper with recommended research strategies and public health action. C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Kansas City, KS 66049 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Fdn Blood Res, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hollowell, JG (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 435 N 1500 Rd, Kansas City, KS 66049 USA. EM jgh3@mindspring.com NR 6 TC 14 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 72 EP 76 DI 10.1089/thy.2005.15.72 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 896FX UT WOS:000226921100012 PM 15687826 ER PT S AU Kolli, VS Liu, H He, JY Pan, MH Pan, Y AF Kolli, VS Liu, H He, JY Pan, MH Pan, Y BE Priami, C Zelikovsky, A TI Calculating genomic distances in parallel using OpenMP SO TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGY II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Bioinformatics Research and Applications (IWBRA 2004) CY MAY 22-24, 2005 CL Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA HO Emory Univ AB By finding the corresponding shortest edit distance between two signed gene permutations, we can know the smallest number of insertions, deletions, and inversions required to change on string of genes into another, where insertion, deletion and inversion are the process of genome evolutions. However, it is NP-hard problem to compute the edit distance between two genomes. Marron et al proposed a polynomial-time approximation algorithm to compute (near) minimum edit distances under inversions, deletions, and unrestricted insertions. Our work is based on Marron's et al algorithm, which carries out lots of comparisons and sorting to calculate the edit distance. These comparisons and sorting are extremely time-consuming, and they result in the decrease of the efficiency. We believe the efficiency of the algorithm can be improved by parallelizing. We parallelize their algorithm via OpenMP on Intel C++ compiler for Linux 7.1, and compare three levels of parallelism: coarse grain, fine grain and combination of both. The experiments are conducted for a varying number of threads and length of the gene sequences. The experimental results have shown that either coarse grain parallelism or fine grain parallelism alone does not improve the performance of the algorithm very much, however, the combination of both fine grain and coarse grain parallelism have improve the performance to a great extent. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Southeast Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Carrer Dev, Career Dev Div, Publ Hlth Informat Fellow Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM hui.anitaliu@gmail.com; pan@cs.gsu.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29401-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3680 BP 113 EP 123 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science GA BDM91 UT WOS:000234378500008 ER PT B AU Bell, BP AF Bell, Beth P. BE Thomas, H Lemon, S Zuckerman, A TI Prevention SO VIRAL HEPATITIS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEPATITIS-A VACCINE; COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK; IMMUNE SERUM GLOBULIN; CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; PEACE-CORPS VOLUNTEERS; DAY-CARE-CENTERS; WILD-TYPE VIRUS; ATTENUATED HEPATITIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 203 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-98713-1; 978-1-4051-3005-9 PY 2005 BP 126 EP 144 DI 10.1002/9780470987131.ch9 D2 10.1002/9780470987131 PG 19 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA BZS84 UT WOS:000302866100010 ER PT J AU Krawczynski, K Aggarwal, R Kamili, S AF Krawczynski, Kris Aggarwal, Rakesh Kamili, Saleem BE Thomas, H Lemon, S Zuckerman, A TI Epidemiology, clinical and pathologic features, diagnosis, and experimental models SO VIRAL HEPATITIS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEPATITIS-E VIRUS; NON-B-HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ACUTE SPORADIC HEPATITIS; ACUTE VIRAL-HEPATITIS; CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES C1 [Krawczynski, Kris] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Expt Pathol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kamili, Saleem] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Aggarwal, Rakesh] Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Gastroenterol, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Krawczynski, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Expt Pathol Lab, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Aggarwal, Rakesh/0000-0001-9689-494X NR 125 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-98713-1 PY 2005 BP 624 EP 634 DI 10.1002/9780470987131.ch41 D2 10.1002/9780470987131 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA BZS84 UT WOS:000302866100042 ER PT J AU Chao, DY King, CC Wang, WK Chen, WJ Wu, HL Chang, GJJ AF Chao, Day-Yu King, Chwan-Chuen Wang, Wei-Kung Chen, Wei-June Wu, Hui-Lin Chang, Gwong-Jen J. TI Strategically examining the full-genome of dengue virus type 3 in clinical isolates reveals its mutation spectra SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Background: Previous studies presented the quasispecies spectrum of the envelope region of dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) from either clinical specimens or field-caught mosquitoes. However, the extent of sequence variation among full genomic sequences of DENV within infected individuals remains largely unknown. Results: Instead of arbitrarily choosing one genomic region in this study, the full genomic consensus sequences of six DENV-3 isolates were used to locate four genomic regions that had a higher potential of sequence heterogeneity at capsid-premembrane (C-prM), envelope (E), nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), and NS5. The extentof sequence heterogeneity revealed by clonal sequencing was genomic region-dependent, whereas the NS3 and NS5 had lower sequence heterogeneity than C-prM and E. Interestingly, the Phylogenetic Analysis by Maximum Likelihood program (PAML) analysis supported that the domain III of E region, the most heterogeneous region analyzed, was under the influence of positive selection. Conclusion: This study confirmed previous reports that the most heterogeneous region of the dengue viral genome resided at the envelope region, of which the domain III was under positive selection pressure. Further studies will need to address the influence of these mutations on the overall fitness in different hosts (i. e., mosquito and human) during dengue viral transmission. C1 [Chao, Day-Yu; King, Chwan-Chuen] NTU, Coll Publ Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Taipei 100, Taiwan. [Wang, Wei-Kung] NTU, Coll Med, Inst Microbiol, Taipei 100, Taiwan. [Chen, Wei-June] Chang Gung Coll Med & Technol, Dept Parasitol, Tao Yuan 100, Taiwan. [Wu, Hui-Lin] NTU Hosp, Hepatitis Res Ctr, Taipei 100, Taiwan. [Chang, Gwong-Jen J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Chao, DY (reprint author), NTU, Coll Publ Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Taipei 100, Taiwan. EM bmp3@cdc.gov; a1234567@ccms.ntu.edu.tw; wwang60@yahoo.com; wjchen@mail.cgu.edu.tw; hlwu@ntu.edu.tw; gxc7@cdc.gov OI King, Chwan-Chuen/0000-0002-6078-2601 FU National Health Research Institute (NHRI), Taipei, Taiwan (NHRI) [DD01-861X-CR-501P, CN-CL8903P]; International Society of Infectious Disease (ISID) FX This study was supported by the grants from the National Health Research Institute (NHRI), Taipei, Taiwan (NHRI# DD01-861X-CR-501P and NHRI# CN-CL8903P) and the training grant to D.-Y. Chao from International Society of Infectious Disease (ISID). NR 36 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PY 2005 VL 2 AR 72 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-2-72 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA V26AR UT WOS:000208519000072 PM 16120221 ER PT J AU Korukluoglu, G Liffick, S Guris, D Kobune, F Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Ceylan, A Ertem, M AF Korukluoglu, Gulay Liffick, Stephanie Guris, Dalya Kobune, Fumio Rota, Paul A. Bellini, William J. Ceylan, Ali Ertem, Meliksah TI Genetic characterization of measles viruses isolated in Turkey during 2000 and 2001 SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Background: Molecular epidemiologic studies have made significant contributions to measles surveillance activities by helping to identify source and transmission pathways of the virus. This report describes the genetic characterization of wild-type measles viruses isolated in Turkey in 2000 and 2001. Results: Wild-type measles viruses were isolated from 24 cases from five provinces in Turkey during 2001. The viruses were analyzed using the standard genotyping protocols. All isolates were classified as genotype D6, the same genotype that was identified in Turkey in previous outbreaks during 1998. Conclusion: Turkey has begun implementation of a national program to eliminate measles by 2010. Therefore, this baseline genotype data will provide a means to monitor the success of the elimination program. C1 [Liffick, Stephanie; Rota, Paul A.; Bellini, William J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Korukluoglu, Gulay; Kobune, Fumio] Refik Saydam Natl Hyg Ctr, Natl Measles Rubella Lab, Ankara, Turkey. [Guris, Dalya] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kobune, Fumio] Biomed Sci Assoc, Tokyo, Japan. [Ceylan, Ali; Ertem, Meliksah] Dicle Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Diyarbakir, Turkey. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gucank@hotmail.com; sliffick@cdc.gov; dguris@cdc.gov; fukobune@ims.u_tokyo.ac.jap; prota@cdc.gov; wjb2@cdc.gov; alic@dicle.edu.tr; alic@dicle.edu.tr NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PY 2005 VL 2 AR 58 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-2-58 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA V26AR UT WOS:000208519000058 PM 16029506 ER PT J AU Riddell, MA Rota, JS Rota, PA AF Riddell, Michaela A. Rota, Jennifer S. Rota, Paul A. TI Review of the temporal and geographical distribution of measles virus genotypes in the prevaccine and postvaccine eras SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB Molecular epidemiological investigation of measles outbreaks can document the interruption of endemic measles transmission and is useful for establishing and clarifying epidemiological links between cases in geographically distinct clusters. To determine the distribution of measles virus genotypes in the prevaccine and postvaccine eras, a literature search of biomedical databases, measles surveillance websites and other electronic sources was conducted for English language reports of measles outbreaks or genetic characterization of measles virus isolates. Genotype assignments based on classification systems other than the currently accepted WHO nomenclature were reassigned using the current criteria. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the distribution of MV genotypes in the prevaccine and postvaccine eras and describes the geographically diverse distribution of some measles virus genotypes and the localized distributions of other genotypes. C1 [Riddell, Michaela A.] Univ Melbourne, Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, WHO Western Pacific Measles Reg Reference Lab, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Riddell, Michaela A.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Populat Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Rota, Jennifer S.; Rota, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Riddell, Michaela A.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Riddell, MA (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, WHO Western Pacific Measles Reg Reference Lab, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM michaela.riddell@mh.org.au; jjs4@CDC.GOV; par1@cdc.gov OI Riddell, Michaela/0000-0001-8852-0569 FU National Health and Medical Research Council Public Health PhD Research Scholarship FX Thanks to Doris Chibo, Graham Tipples, David Brown, Li Jin for helpful suggestions and clarification of genotypes included in the table. Thanks to Doris Chibo and Heath Kelly for critical review of the earlier drafts of the manuscript. MAR received funding through a National Health and Medical Research Council Public Health PhD Research Scholarship. The authors welcome amendments, additions and updates to the comprehensive table submitted as Additional file 1. Regularly updated versions of the additional file will be available from the measles Global Specialized Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia, USA http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/measles/index.htm NR 62 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PY 2005 VL 2 AR 87 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-2-87 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA V26AR UT WOS:000208519000087 PM 16303052 ER PT J AU Vincent, MJ Bergeron, E Benjannet, S Erickson, BR Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Seidah, NG Nichol, ST AF Vincent, Martin J. Bergeron, Eric Benjannet, Suzanne Erickson, Bobbie R. Rollin, Pierre E. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Seidah, Nabil G. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a newly discovered coronavirus (SARS-CoV). No effective prophylactic or post-exposure therapy is currently available. Results: We report, however, that chloroquine has strong antiviral effects on SARS-CoV infection of primate cells. These inhibitory effects are observed when the cells are treated with the drug either before or after exposure to the virus, suggesting both prophylactic and therapeutic advantage. In addition to the well-known functions of chloroquine such as elevations of endosomal pH, the drug appears to interfere with terminal glycosylation of the cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. This may negatively influence the virus-receptor binding and abrogate the infection, with further ramifications by the elevation of vesicular pH, resulting in the inhibition of infection and spread of SARS CoV at clinically admissible concentrations. Conclusion: Chloroquine is effective in preventing the spread of SARS CoV in cell culture. Favorable inhibition of virus spread was observed when the cells were either treated with chloroquine prior to or after SARS CoV infection. In addition, the indirect immunofluorescence assay described herein represents a simple and rapid method for screening SARS-CoV antiviral compounds. C1 [Vincent, Martin J.; Erickson, Bobbie R.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Nichol, Stuart T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Brach, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bergeron, Eric; Benjannet, Suzanne; Seidah, Nabil G.] Clin Res Inst Montreal, Biochem Neuroendocrinol Lab, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Brach, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mvincent@cdc.gov; bergere@ircm.qc.ca; benjans@ircm.qc.ca; BErickson1@cdc.gov; PRollin@cdc.gov; TKsiazek@cdc.gov; seidahn@ircm.qc.ca; SNichol@cdc.gov RI Seidah, Nabil/I-3596-2013 OI Seidah, Nabil/0000-0001-6503-9342 FU Canadian PENCE [T3]; CIHR [MGC 64518, MGP- 44363] FX We thank Claudia Chesley and Jonathan Towner for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by a Canadian PENCE grant (T3), CIHR group grant #MGC 64518, and CIHR grant #MGP- 44363 (to NGS). NR 26 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PY 2005 VL 2 AR 69 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-2-69 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA V26AR UT WOS:000208519000069 PM 16115318 ER PT J AU Kajon, AE Xu, W Erdman, DD AF Kajon, AE Xu, W Erdman, DD TI Sequence polymorphism in the E3 7.7K ORF of subspecies B1 human adenoviruses SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; E3 7.7K ORF; illegitimate recombination ID GENOME TYPE 7H; INTERMEDIATE STRAIN; INTERTYPIC RECOMBINANTS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; E3-10.4K/14.5K COMPLEX; RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; CROSSOVER SITES; EARLY REGION-3 AB Sequences corresponding to the 7.7K open-reading frame (ORF) of the E3 region of subspecies B1 adenoviruses (Ad) were compared with prototype strains of Ad3. Ad7 Ad16. Ad21. and Ad50 and field isolates representing a variety of genome restriction types of Ad3 and Ad7 to better assess the extent of genetic variation in this intriguing region of the viral genome encoding a product whose function is still unknown. Alignment of 55 species B1 Ad sequences revealed a marked polymorphism in the 7.7K ORF and allowed the identification of eight distinct sequence profiles (SPs) characterized by (1) deletions that retain or change the reading frame, (2)single-base mutations (SBMs) that change the start codon (ATG to ATT or ATC), and (3) other SBMs. mRNAs of expected size for the observed sequence polymorphisms were identified by RT-PCR from DNAse I-treated total RNA extracts of infected cells. Predicted proteins ranged front 0 to 94 amino acids corresponding to molecular masses of 0-11 K. Together with the hypervariable regions of the hexon gene. the E3 7.7K ORF appears to be another area of the Ad genome in which genetic diversity may be generated by illegitimate recombination. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dde1@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.06.005 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 885QW UT WOS:000226173000002 PM 15567028 ER PT J AU Lwamba, HCM Alvarez, R Wise, MG Yu, QZ Halvorson, D Njenga, MK Seal, BS AF Lwamba, HCM Alvarez, R Wise, MG Yu, QZ Halvorson, D Njenga, MK Seal, BS TI Comparison of the full-length genome sequence of Avian metapneumovirus subtype C with other paramyxoviruses SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Paramyxovirus; Metapneumovirus; subtype; intergenic region ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; TURKEY RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; GENE ORDER DIFFERENT; STRAND RNA VIRUSES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GREATER IDENTITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB We determined the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the small hydrophobic (SH). attachment glycoprotein (G). and RNA polymerase (L) genes, plus the leader and trailer regions of the Colorado strain of Avian metapneumovirus subtype C (aMPV/C) in order to complete the genome sequencing. The complete genome comprised of 13,134 nucleotides, with a 40 nt leader at its 3' end and a 45 nt trailer at its 5' end. The aMPV/C L gene was the largest with 6173 nt and consisting of a single open reading frame encoding a 2005 amino acids (aa) protein. Comparison of the aMPV/C SH. G. and L nt and predicted aa sequences with those of Human metapneumoviruses (hMPV) revealed higher nt and aa sequence identities than the sequence identities between the aMPV subtypes A, B, C, and D, supporting earlier finding that aMPV/C was closer evolutionary to hMPV than the other aMPV subtypes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Njenga, MK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Njeng001@umn.edu NR 59 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.07.002 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 885QW UT WOS:000226173000011 PM 15567037 ER PT J AU Yilla, M Harcourt, BH Hickman, CJ McGrew, M Tamin, A Goldsmith, CS Bellini, WJ Anderson, LJ AF Yilla, M Harcourt, BH Hickman, CJ McGrew, M Tamin, A Goldsmith, CS Bellini, WJ Anderson, LJ TI SARS-coronavirus replication in human peripheral monocytes/macrophages SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SARS-CoV; monocytes/macrophages; interferon ID ACUTE-RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME; INTERFERON-ALPHA; SURFACE EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; VIRUS; CELLS; INFECTION; METAPNEUMOVIRUS; RECEPTOR AB A novel coronavirus (CoV) has been described in association with cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The virus, SARS-CoV, differs from the previously described human coronaviruses, 229E and OC43. 229E was previously shown to productively infect human monocytes/macrophaaes, whereas OC43 poorly infected the cells. In this study, we examined whether SARS-CoV could productively infect purified monocytes/macrophages (PM) derived from human donor cells. Unlike 229E-infected cells, which produced viral titers of 10(3.3) to 10(6) TCID50/ml, SARS-CoV replicated poorly in PM, producing titers of 10(1.75) to 10(2) TCID50/ml. This finding was similar to results reported for OC43-infected cells, with titers ranging from 10(1.2) to 10(2.7) TCID50/ml. Of interest, SARS-CoV proteins were detected only in PM that did not produce significant amounts of interferon (IFN)-alpha, and in one such case, preliminary electron microscope studies demonstrated that SARS-CoV-like particles could enter the cells, possibly via phagocytosis. These results suggest that SARS-CoV, like human CoV OC43, poorly infects human PM, and production of IFN-alpha by these cells further limits the infection. Given the importance of monocyte/macrophages to the immune response. it is possible that their infection by SARS-CoV and alteration of this infection by IFN-alpha may be important to the course of the infection in humans. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yilla, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mby7@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.09.004 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 885QW UT WOS:000226173000012 PM 15567038 ER PT J AU Alvarez, R Jones, LP Seal, BS Kapczynski, DR Tripp, RA AF Alvarez, R Jones, LP Seal, BS Kapczynski, DR Tripp, RA TI Serological cross-reactivity of members of the Metapneumovirus genus (vol 105, pg 67, 2004) SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp & Enter Viruses, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Room 356, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rtripp@vet.uga.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 109 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.09.003 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 885QW UT WOS:000226173000014 ER PT S AU Calam, D Wood, DJ Bristow, A Das, REG Padilla, A Unger, G Shin, J Heath, A Van Aken, WG Aralkawa, Y Barrowcliffe, T Bektimirov, T Leal, EC Ciesiolka, T Decker, R Egan, W Gairola, S Grossberg, SE Hancox, T Jivapaisampong, T Lelie, N Lower, J Madej, RM Marcovina, S Miede, P Min, H Phillips, P Schild, G Solkhey, J Spieser, JM Wielgosz, R Zhou, T Zoon, K AF Calam, D. Wood, D. J. Bristow, A. Das, R. E. Gaines Padilla, A. Unger, G. Shin, J. Heath, A. Van Aken, W. G. Aralkawa, Y. Barrowcliffe, T. Bektimirov, T. Leal, E. Chaves Ciesiolka, T. Decker, R. Egan, W. Gairola, S. Grossberg, S. E. Hancox, T. Jivapaisampong, T. Lelie, N. Lower, J. Madej, R. M. Marcovina, S. Miede, P. Min, H. Phillips, P. Schild, G. Solkhey, J. Spieser, J-M. Wielgosz, R. Zhou, Tiequn Zoon, K. CA WHO GP WHO TI WHO Expert Committe on Biological Standardization - Fifty-fifth report - Introduction SO WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE ON BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION SE WHO Technical Report Series LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATED DEGRADATION TESTS; LIVE FLAVIVIRUS VACCINES; STABILITY; DESIGN C1 MP Chumakov Inst Poliomyelitis & Viral Encephalit, Moscow, Russia. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OraVax Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Pasteur Merieux Connaught, Lyon, France. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Franklin Quest Co, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Calam, D (reprint author), MP Chumakov Inst Poliomyelitis & Viral Encephalit, Moscow, Russia. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA DISTRIBUTION & SALES SERVICE, 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0512-3054 BN 978-92-4-120932-8 J9 WHO TECH REP SER JI WHO Tech. Rep. Ser. PY 2005 VL 932 BP 1 EP 137 PG 137 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BFR39 UT WOS:000243994400001 ER PT J AU Sharpe, PA Brandt, HM McCree, DH AF Sharpe, PA Brandt, HM McCree, DH TI Knowledge and beliefs about abnormal Pap test results and HPV among women with high-risk HPV: Results from in-depth interviews SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE human papillomavirus; Pap test; sexually transmitted infection; rural women; knowledge ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CERVICAL-CANCER; UNIVERSITY-STUDENTS; PATIENT EDUCATION; PARTICLE VACCINE; PREVENTION; EFFICACY; TYPE-16 AB The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore women's knowledge and Understanding of abnormal Pap tests and HPV. Forty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with low-income, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) positive women (ages 18-64 years). Major themes regarding abnormal Pap test results were: (a) getting cancer ; (b) need for repeat Pap testing; (c) need for additional tests/treatment; (d) low concern; (e) variety of causes; (f) sexual transmission; and (g) connection to HPV/other sexually transmitted disease (STD). Major themes related to HPV were: (a) getting follow-up care and (b) association of HPV with cancer. Findings indicate a need for clear, consistent educational messages. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch, Publ Hlth Prevent Res Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & Tb Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sharpe, PA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch, Publ Hlth Prevent Res Ctr, 730 Devine St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM pasharpe@sc.edu; hmbrand@gwm.sc.edu; zyr1@cdc.gov FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [1-U48-DP-000051]; PHS HHS [U36/CCU300430-22, U48/CCU-409664] NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0363-0242 EI 1541-0331 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 107 EP 133 DI 10.1300/J013v42n02_07 PG 27 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 038XG UT WOS:000237262200007 PM 16537303 ER PT J AU Grinstead, OA Faigeles, B Comfort, M Seal, D Nealey-Moore, J Belcher, L Morrow, K AF Grinstead, OA Faigeles, B Comfort, M Seal, D Nealey-Moore, J Belcher, L Morrow, K TI HIV, STD, and hepatitis risk to primary female partners of men being released from prison SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE prison; parolees; HIV/AIDS; STD risk behavior; female partners; reentry ID INMATES; TRANSMISSION; BEHAVIOR; FAMILIES AB Incarcerated men in the US are at increased risk for HIV, STDs and hepatitis, and many men leaving prison have unprotected sex with a primary female partner immediately following release from prison. This paper addressees risk to the primary female partners of men being released from prison (N = 106) by examining the prevalence of men's concurrent unprotected sex with other partners or needle sharing prior to and following release from prison (concurrent risk). Rates of concurrent risk were 46% prior to incarceration, 18% one month postrelease, and 24% three months postrelease. Multivariate analysis showed concurrent risk was significantly associated with having a female partner who had one or more HIV/STD risk factors and having a history of injection drug use. Findings demonstrate need for prevention programs for incarcerated men and their female partners. C1 UCSF, CAPS, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. CDC, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grinstead, OA (reprint author), UCSF, CAPS, 74 New Montgomery St,6th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM ogrinstead@psg.ucsf.edu OI McGregor, Howard/0000-0001-7532-8324 NR 47 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 63 EP 80 DI 10.1300/J013v41N02_05 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 979IM UT WOS:000232935600005 PM 16219588 ER PT J AU Scott, PT Petersen, K Fishbain, MJ Craft, DW Ewell, AJ Moran, K Hack, DC Deye, GA Riddell, S Christopher, G Mancuso, JD Petruccelli, BP Endy, T Lindler, L Davis, K Milstrey, EG Brosch, L Pool, J Blankenship, CL Malone, JL Tornberg, DN Srinivasan, A AF Scott, PT Petersen, K Fishbain, MJ Craft, DW Ewell, AJ Moran, K Hack, DC Deye, GA Riddell, S Christopher, G Mancuso, JD Petruccelli, BP Endy, T Lindler, L Davis, K Milstrey, EG Brosch, L Pool, J Blankenship, CL Malone, JL Tornberg, DN Srinivasan, A CA CDC TI Acinetobacter baumannii infections among patients at military medical facilities treating injured U.S. service members, 2002-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1063-1066, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; WOUNDS C1 USA, Med Surveillance Activ, Washington, DC 20314 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. USA, Med Brigade 30, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC USA. USN, Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC USA. US Dept Def, Off Hlth Affairs, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Scott, PT (reprint author), USA, Med Surveillance Activ, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 24 BP 2964 EP 2966 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 881CV UT WOS:000225841900007 ER PT J AU Bombard, J Malarcher, A MacNeil, A AF Bombard, J Malarcher, A MacNeil, A CA CDC TI State-specific prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1035-137, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bombard, J (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 24 BP 2966 EP 2967 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 881CV UT WOS:000225841900008 ER PT J AU Shepard, C Finelli, L Bell, B Miller, J AF Shepard, C Finelli, L Bell, B Miller, J CA CDC TI Acute hepatitis B among children and adolescents - United States, 1990-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1015-1018, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shepard, C (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 24 BP 2967 EP 2968 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 881CV UT WOS:000225841900009 ER PT J AU Maragakis, LL Cosgrove, SE Song, XY Kim, D Rosenbaum, P Ciesla, N Srinivasan, A Ross, T Carroll, K Perl, TM AF Maragakis, LL Cosgrove, SE Song, XY Kim, D Rosenbaum, P Ciesla, N Srinivasan, A Ross, T Carroll, K Perl, TM TI An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii associated with pulsatile lavage wound treatment SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; PATTERNS; FEATURES; BROOKLYN; UNIT AB Context Pulsatile lavage is a high-pressure irrigation treatment used increasingly in a variety of health care settings to debride wounds. Infection control precautions are not routinely used during the procedure and are not included in pulsatile lavage equipment package labeling. Objectives To investigate an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and to test the hypothesis that pulsatile lavage wound treatment was the mode of transmission for the organism. Design Outbreak case-control investigation including case identification, review of medical records, environmental cultures, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Setting A 1000-bed tertiary care hospital in Baltimore, Md, during September and October 2003. Patients The investigation included 11 patients infected or colonized with multidrug-resistant A baumannii. Seven of these patients met the case definition for the case-control study and were compared with 28 controls randomly selected from a list of inpatients without multidrug-resistant A baumannii who had a wound care consultation. Main Outcome Measure Infection or colonization with multidrug-resistant A baumannii. Results Eleven patients had cultures that grew multidrug-resistant A baumannii during the outbreak period. Of the 10 health care-associated cases, 8 had received pulsatile lavage treatment. One strain of multidrug-resistant A baumannii was recovered from all 6 pulsatile lavage patients who had isolates available for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and from multiple surfaces in the wound care area. Six of 7 cases (86%) were treated with pulsatile lavage vs 4 of 28 controls (14%) (odds ratio, 36; 95% confidence interval, 2.8-1721; P<.001). These results confirm that pulsatile lavage was a significant risk factor for acquisition of multidrug-resistant A baumannii. Conclusions Transmission was apparently caused by dissemination of multidrug-resistant A baumannii during the pulsatile lavage procedure, resulting in environmental contamination. Appropriate infection control precautions should be used during pulsatile lavage therapy and should be included in pulsatile lavage equipment labeling. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Control, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual & Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Maragakis, LL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Control, 600 N Wolfe St,Osler 425, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM lmaraga1@jhmi.edu FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [1 K01 CI000300-01]; NIAID NIH HHS [5-T32/AI07291]; ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU315092] NR 19 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 24 BP 3006 EP 3011 DI 10.1001/jama.292.24.3006 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 881CV UT WOS:000225841900035 PM 15613669 ER PT J AU Breiman, RF Streatfield, PK Phelan, M Shifa, N Rashid, M Yunus, M AF Breiman, RF Streatfield, PK Phelan, M Shifa, N Rashid, M Yunus, M TI Effect of infant immunisation on childhood mortality in rural Bangladesh: analysis of health and demographic surveillance data SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID MEASLES VACCINATION AB Background In developing countries, immunisation programmes must compete with other strategies to improve public health and quality of life. Studies of long-term effects of immunisation programmes are rare. We assessed associations between vaccinations and mortality over 15 years after the introduction of routine infant immunisation programmes in Matlab, Bangladesh. Methods We analysed data recorded in a comprehensive health and demographic surveillance system from 1986 to 2001. We did univariate analyses and assessed vaccinations as independent factors with other variables in Cox models with time dependent covariates. Findings Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and oral polio vaccination were independently associated with decreased risk of death before age 9 months, as were amount of maternal education, maternal age, and birth order of the child. DTP vaccination was associated with increased survival (hazard ratio=0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.88; p=0.001) in a model evaluating mortality between 6 weeks and 9 months of age. Measles vaccination was also associated with increased survival when data after late immunisation with DTP and Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were excluded. BCG vaccination was associated with reduced survival; however, children vaccinated with BCG during the first 6 months of life had significantly lower risk of death than those vaccinated later (hazard ratio=0.59; 95% CI 0.47-0.73; p=0.0001). Interpretation By contrast with previous findings, we noted substantially reduced mortality among children who received DTP vaccine. This effect could be due to actual protection against pertussis disease and secondary illnesses or to a non-specific benefit, although we cannot rule out epidemiological artifact. Our findings show the value of population-based health surveillance systems. C1 Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Breiman, RF (reprint author), CDC Kenya, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. EM rbreiman@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 8 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 18 PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9452 BP 2204 EP 2211 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17593-4 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 880OS UT WOS:000225799700029 PM 15610807 ER PT J AU Rupprecht, CE Gibbons, RV AF Rupprecht, CE Gibbons, RV TI Prophylaxis against rabies SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; DIPLOID CELL-CULTURE; UNITED-STATES; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIRABIES VACCINE; HUMAN EXPOSURE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH; HUMANS AB A six-month- old girl presents for a "well-baby" appointment in New Jersey. The mother is concerned about a dead bat she found in the child's bedroom. A Virginia businessman relaxing on his patio after work pulls a toy from his puppy's mouth. He notices a dead raccoon within his fenced yard, where his puppy has been playing, and telephones you for advice. You receive e-mail from a South American colleague, who has been bitten by a stray dog while jogging. She solicits your medical opinion. How would you manage these situations? C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyr5@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 5 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 16 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 25 BP 2626 EP 2635 DI 10.1056/NEJMcp042140 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879OC UT WOS:000225726100010 PM 15602023 ER PT J AU Russell, M Pool, V Kelso, JA Tomazic-Jezic, VJ AF Russell, M Pool, V Kelso, JA Tomazic-Jezic, VJ TI Vaccination of persons allergic to latex: a review of safety data in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE natural dry rubber latex; allergy or hypersensitivity; vaccination ID VIAL CLOSURES; ANAPHYLAXIS; SYRINGES; RISK AB Vaccine products currently licensed in the US and other countries are marketed in vials and syringes that may contain natural latex allergens. Little scientific information exists regarding the safety of vaccination of latex-allergic individuals. A review of data within the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a large registry of reported possible vaccine adverse reactions was conducted. A search of the database, which contains >160,000 vaccine adverse event reports. revealed only 28 cases of possible immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions in vaccine recipients with a history of allergy to latex. Given the large number Of immunizations administered every year in the US. the reported risk of allergic reactions possibly due to latex contamination of vaccines appears to be very small. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 CDC, NIP, Immunizat Safety Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. US FDA, CDRH, DLS, Off Sci & Technol, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Russell, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Mail Stop E03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yzr8@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 16 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 5 BP 664 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.042 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 882KB UT WOS:000225936700013 PM 15542187 ER PT J AU England, LJ Levine, RJ Qian, C Soule, LM Schisterman, EF Yu, KF Catalano, PM AF England, LJ Levine, RJ Qian, C Soule, LM Schisterman, EF Yu, KF Catalano, PM TI Glucose tolerance and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in nulliparous women who smoke during pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diabetes; gestational; glucose tolerance test; pregnancy; smoking ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; MEN; PREECLAMPSIA; SENSITIVITY; COHORT; TRIAL; DETERMINANTS; HEMOGLOBIN; METABOLISM AB Gestational diabetes mellitus has been associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes, including preeclampsia and fetal macrosomia. Although cigarette smoking has been associated with increased insulin resistance, its effect on gestational diabetes mellitus risk is uncertain. The authors evaluated the effects of smoking on glucose tolerance in a cohort of pregnant women who participated in the Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention trial, a randomized study of nulliparous women conducted in five US medical centers from 1992 to 1995. Results of screening and diagnostic testing for gestational diabetes mellitus were analyzed. For 3,774 of the 4,589 women enrolled, plasma glucose concentration 1 hour after a 50-g oral glucose challenge and complete information on pregnancy outcome were available; for 3,602 of the women, gestational diabetes mellitus status was known. Adjusted mean 1-hour plasma glucose concentration (mg/dl) was elevated in women who smoked at study enrollment (112.6, 95% confidence interval: 110.0, 115.3) compared with women who had never smoked (108.3, 95% confidence interval: 106.7, 109.8; p < 0.01). Women who smoked were at increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus when criteria proposed by the National Diabetes Data Group were used (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 3.6). These findings support an association between smoking and gestational diabetes mellitus. C1 NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, US Dept HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Allied Technol Grp, Rockville, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Baltimore, MD USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Metrohlth Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Cleveland, OH USA. RP England, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal Infant Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth,US Dept HHS, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lbe9@cdc.gov OI Schisterman, Enrique/0000-0003-3757-641X FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-13123, N01-HD-13121, N01-HD-13122, N01-HD-13124, N01-HD-13125, N01-HD-13126, N01-HD-23154, N01-HD-53246] NR 46 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 12 BP 1205 EP 1213 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh340 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 878RF UT WOS:000225663600010 PM 15583373 ER PT J AU Jasmer, RM Bozeman, L Schwartzman, K Cave, MD Saukkonen, JJ Metchock, B Khan, A Burman, WJ AF Jasmer, RM Bozeman, L Schwartzman, K Cave, MD Saukkonen, JJ Metchock, B Khan, A Burman, WJ CA Tuberculosis Trial Consortium TI Recurrent tuberculosis in the United States and Canada - Relapse or reinfection? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; pulmonary tuberculosis; reinfection; relapse ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXOGENOUS REINFECTION; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; RIFAPENTINE; POPULATION; CULTURES; COHORT AB Recurrence of active tuberculosis after treatment can be due to relapse of infection with the same strain or reinfection with a new strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The proportion of recurrent tuberculosis cases caused by reinfection has varied widely in previous studies. We evaluated cases of recurrent tuberculosis in two prospective clinical trials: a randomized study of two regimens for the last 4 months of treatment (n = 1,075) and a study of a twice-weekly rifabutin-containing regimen for human immunodeficiency virus-infected tuberculosis (n = 169). Isolates at diagnosis and from positive cultures after treatment completion underwent genotyping using IS6110 (with secondary genotyping for isolates with less than six copies of IS6110). Of 85 patients having a positive culture after completing treatment, 6 (7.1%) were classified as false-positive cultures by a review committee blinded to treatment assignment. Of the remaining 75 cases with recurrent tuberculosis and genotyping data available, 72 (96%; 95% confidence interval, 88.8-99.2%) paired isolates had the same genotype; only 3 (4%; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-11.2%) had a different genotype and were categorized as reinfection. We conclude that recurrent tuberculosis in the United States and Canada, countries with low rates of tuberculosis, is rarely due to reinfection with a new strain of M. tuberculosis. C1 San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Little Rock, AR USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Montreal Chest Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. RP Jasmer, RM (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Room 5K-1,1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM rjasmer@itsa.ucsf.edu NR 34 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 170 IS 12 BP 1360 EP 1366 DI 10.1164/rccm.200408-10810C PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 880HY UT WOS:000225780800016 PM 15477492 ER PT J AU Malone, JL Ijaz, K Lambert, L Rosencrans, L Phillips, L Tomlinson, V Arbise, M Moolenaar, RL Dworkin, MS Simoes, EJ AF Malone, JL Ijaz, K Lambert, L Rosencrans, L Phillips, L Tomlinson, V Arbise, M Moolenaar, RL Dworkin, MS Simoes, EJ TI Investigation of healthcare-associated transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among patients with malignancies at three hospitals and at a residential facility SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cross-infection; tuberculosis transmission; restriction fragment length polymorphism; leukemia complications; residential facilities; infection control ID SURVEILLANCE NETWORK; DISEASE; ALEMTUZUMAB; DIAGNOSIS AB BACKGROUND. Immunocompromised patients have an increased risk of experiencing progression of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to active tuberculosis (TB) disease. In January 2002, 2 patients with leukemia (Patients 1 and 2) developed pulmonary TB after recent exposure at 3 hospitals (Hospital A, Hospital B, and Hospital C) and at a residential facility for patients with cancer. Neither was known to have LTBI. Within 1 year, 3 other patients with malignancy and TB disease had been identified at these facilities, prompting an investigation of healthcare facility-associated transmission of M. tuberculosis. METHODS. The authors performed genotypic analysis of the five available M. tuberculosis isolates from patients with malignancies at these facilities, reviewed medical records, interviewed individuals who had identical M. tuberculosis genotypic patterns, and performed tuberculin skin testing (TST) and case finding for possible exposed contacts. RESULTS. Only Patients 1 and 2 had identical genotypic patterns. Neither patient had baseline TST results available. Patient 1 had clinical evidence of infectiousness 3 months before the diagnosis of TB was ascertained. Among employee contacts of Patient 1, TST conversions occurred in 1 of 59 (2%), 2 of 34 (6%), 2 of 32 (6%), and 0 of 8 who were tested at Hospitals A, B, and C and at the residential facility, respectively. Among the others who were exposed to Patient 1, 1 of 31 (3%), 1 of 30 (3%), 0 of 40 (0%), and 12 of 136 (9%) who were tested had positive TSTs at Hospitals A, B, and C and at the residential facility, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. Delayed TB diagnosis in 2 patients with leukemia resulted in the transmission of M. tuberculosis to 19 patients and staff at 3 hospitals and a residential facility. Baseline TB screening and earlier clinical recognition of active disease could reduce healthcare facility-associated transmission of M. tuberculosis among patients with malignancy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, State Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Measles Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Field Serv Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr Program, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Malone, JL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Sy, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM joseph.malone@na.amedd.army.mil OI Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 12 BP 2713 EP 2721 DI 10.1002/cncr.20698 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 878HK UT WOS:000225637200001 PM 15547933 ER PT J AU Armstrong, LR Thompson, T Hall, HI Coughlin, SS Steele, B Rogers, JD AF Armstrong, LR Thompson, T Hall, HI Coughlin, SS Steele, B Rogers, JD TI Colorectal carcinoma mortality among Appalachian men and women, 1969-1999 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE colorectal carcinoma; mortality; Appalachian region; joinpoint ID UNITED-STATES; CANCER MORTALITY; DEATH; RATES; RACE; ACCURACY; RECTUM; BREAST; COLON AB BACKGROUND. Colorectal carcinoma screening can reduce mortality, but residents of poor or medically underserved areas may face barriers to screening. The current study assessed colorectal carcinoma mortality in Appalachia, a historically underserved area, from 1969 to 1999. METHODS. All counties within the 13-state Appalachian region, which stretches from southern New York to northern Mississippi, were used to calculate annual death rates for the 31-year period. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to examine trends by age and race for the Appalachian region and the remainder of the United States. Five-year rates for 1995-1999 age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population were calculated, by race and age group for the Appalachian region and elsewhere in the United States. RESULTS. Trend analysis showed that colorectal carcinoma death rates among both racial and gender groups studied had declined in recent years. Despite this, the rates for white males and white females were still significantly higher in Appalachia than in the rest of the country at the end of the study period, 1999. Five-year colorectal carcinoma death rates among white males (ages < 50, 50-59, and 70-79 years) and white females (ages < 50, 50-59, 70-79, greater than or equal to 80 years) were significantly higher in Appalachia than elsewhere in the United States, whereas rates among black females 60-69 and 70-79 years old were significantly lower in Appalachia. CONCLUSIONS. The Appalachian region may benefit from targeted prevention efforts to eliminate disparities in the colorectal carcinoma death rates among subgroups. Further studies are needed to determine whether the higher death rates in specific Appalachian subgroups are related to a higher incidence of the disease, the cancer being at a later stage at diagnosis, poorer treatment, or other factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Armstrong, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LArmstrong@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 12 BP 2851 EP 2858 DI 10.1002/cncr.20667 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 878HK UT WOS:000225637200017 PM 15526322 ER PT J AU Tanz, RR Shulman, ST Shortridge, VD Kabat, W Kabat, K Cederlund, E Rippe, J Beyer, J Doktor, S Beall, BW AF Tanz, RR Shulman, ST Shortridge, VD Kabat, W Kabat, K Cederlund, E Rippe, J Beyer, J Doktor, S Beall, BW CA N Amer Streptococcal Pharyngitis S TI Community-based surveillance in the United States of macrolide-resistant pediatric pharyngeal group a streptococci during 3 respiratory disease seasons SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 09-12, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI; 23S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; NORTH-AMERICA; IN-VITRO; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; PYOGENES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PNEUMONIAE; MECHANISMS AB Background. In 2001, a total of 48% of pharyngeal group A streptococci (GAS) from Pittsburgh children were macrolide resistant. We assessed macrolide resistance, resistance genes, and emm types among GAS in the United States. Methods. In prospective, multicenter, community-based surveillance of pharyngeal GAS recovered from children 3-18 years old during 3 respiratory seasons (the 2000-2001 season, the 2001-2002 season, and the 2002 2003 season), GAS were tested for macrolide resistance and underwent emm gene sequencing. Macrolide-resistant GAS were tested for resistance to clindamycin, and resistance genes were determined. Results. Erythromycin resistance was observed in 4.4% of isolates from the 2000-2001 season, 4.3% from the 2001-2002 season, and 3.8% from the 2002-2003 season (P = .80). Clindamycin resistance was found in 1.04% of isolates; annual rates of clindamycin resistance were stable (P = .75). The predominant resistance genotype each year was mef A (65%-76.9%; overall, 70.3%). Resistant isolates included strains representing 8-11 different emm types each year. Heterogeneity of emm subtypes, resistance genes, and clindamycin resistance was evident among resistant isolates within some emm types. Geographic variability in resistance rates was present each year. Conclusions. The macrolide resistance rate among pharyngeal GAS was <5% and was stable over the 3 seasons. However, rates varied among sites each year. There was no evidence of spread of a specific resistant clone, increasing clindamycin resistance, or escalation in median erythromycin MICs. C1 Childrens Mem Hosp, Div Gen Acad Pediat, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Infect Dis Lab, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Abbott Labs, Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Res Lab, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Streptococcal Mol Epidemiol Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tanz, RR (reprint author), Childrens Mem Hosp, Div Gen Acad Pediat, 2300 Childrens Pl,Box 16, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM rtanz@northwestern.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [5 R37 AI 1010085-39S] NR 43 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1794 EP 1801 DI 10.1086/426025 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JJ UT WOS:000227492200009 PM 15578402 ER PT J AU Moore, ZS Seward, JF Watson, BM Maupin, TJ Jumaan, AO AF Moore, ZS Seward, JF Watson, BM Maupin, TJ Jumaan, AO TI Chickenpox or smallpox: The use of the febrile prodrome as a distinguishing characteristic SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VARICELLA VACCINE AB Background. The ability to differentiate chickenpox from smallpox is important for early recognition of bioterrorism events and prevention of false alarms. The febrile prodrome is a clinical feature used to differentiate these conditions. However, the prevalence of prodromal manifestations in chickenpox has not been well established. Methods. We evaluated prodrome characteristics of all chickenpox cases identified through an active varicella surveillance program over a 21-month period. The frequencies of various prodromal manifestations among vaccinated and unvaccinated case patients were assessed, and the impact of other demographic features on these manifestations was evaluated. Data were analyzed to determine what proportion met the smallpox febrile prodrome criteria as elaborated in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention algorithm for evaluating patients suspected of having smallpox. Finally, we compared our data with historical data on smallpox prodromes. Results. Data on prodrome characteristics were available for 932 chickenpox cases. Prodromal fever was present in 37% of unvaccinated chickenpox case patients and in 25% of vaccinated case patients. Among unvaccinated case patients, adults were 70% more likely than children to have fever in the prodrome period. We found that prodromes are less common and less severe in chickenpox than in smallpox. Nevertheless, 7%-17% of unvaccinated chickenpox case patients meet the smallpox febrile prodrome criteria. Conclusions. Febrile prodromes occur in a significant proportion of patients with chickenpox, particularly among unvaccinated case patients and adults. Therefore, the febrile prodrome alone is not a sufficient marker of smallpox risk. All major and minor smallpox criteria should be considered together in assessing the likelihood of smallpox. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Moore, ZS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, 2015 Uppergate Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM zack_moore@oz.ped.emory.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1810 EP 1817 DI 10.1086/426026 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JJ UT WOS:000227492200011 PM 15578404 ER PT J AU Aufiero, P Karabulut, N Rumowitz, D Shah, S Nsubuga, J Piepszak, B Bresnitz, E Lacy, CR Robertson, C Tan, C AF Aufiero, P Karabulut, N Rumowitz, D Shah, S Nsubuga, J Piepszak, B Bresnitz, E Lacy, CR Robertson, C Tan, C TI Imported Lassa Fever - New Jersey, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 894-897, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID MANAGEMENT C1 Capital Hlth Syst, Trenton, NJ USA. City Trenton Div Hlth, Trenton, NJ USA. CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quartine, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aufiero, P (reprint author), Capital Hlth Syst, Trenton, NJ USA. RI KARABULUT, Nevzat/A-8010-2014 OI KARABULUT, Nevzat/0000-0002-0822-0281 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 23 BP 2828 EP 2830 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879CR UT WOS:000225694500008 ER PT J AU Lyons, B Stanwyck, C McCauley, M AF Lyons, B Stanwyck, C McCauley, M TI Vaccination coverage among children entering school - United States, 2003-04 school year (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1041-1044, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lyons, B (reprint author), CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 23 BP 2830 EP 2831 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879CR UT WOS:000225694500009 ER PT J AU Midanik, LT Chaloupka, FJ Saitz, R Toomey, TL Fellows, JL Dufour, M Landen, M Brounstein, PJ Stahre, MA Brewer, RD Naimi, TS Miller, JW AF Midanik, LT Chaloupka, FJ Saitz, R Toomey, TL Fellows, JL Dufour, M Landen, M Brounstein, PJ Stahre, MA Brewer, RD Naimi, TS Miller, JW TI Alcohol-attributable deaths and years of potential life lost - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 866-870, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. CSR Inc, Arlington, VA USA. Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Midanik, LT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 23 BP 2831 EP 2832 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879CR UT WOS:000225694500010 ER PT J AU Ramsey, LT Pelletier, AR AF Ramsey, LT Pelletier, AR TI Update on firearm use in G- and PG-rated movies SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID ADOLESCENT SMOKING C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ramsey, LT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM Itramsey@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 23 BP 2836 EP 2837 DI 10.1001/jama.292.23.2836-c PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879CR UT WOS:000225694500020 PM 15598913 ER PT J AU Krebs, JW Mandel, EJ Swerdlow, DL Rupprecht, CE AF Krebs, JW Mandel, EJ Swerdlow, DL Rupprecht, CE TI Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2003 SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; RACCOON RABIES; VACCINATION PROGRAM; ORAL VACCINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VIRUS; COYOTES; HEALTH; INFECTION; EFFICACY AB During 2003, 49 states and Puerto Rico reported 7,170 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the CDC. This represents a 10% decrease from the 7,967 cases in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings reported in 2002. More than 91 % (n = 6,556) were in wild animals, and 8.6% (614) were in domestic species (compared with 92.5% in wild animals and 74% in domestic species in 2002). The relative contributions of the major groups of animals were as follows: 2,635 raccoons (36.7%), 2,112 skunks (29.4%), 1,212 bats (16.9%), 456 foxes (6.4%), 321 cats (4.5%), 117 dogs (1.6%), and 98 cattle (1.4%). Compared with cases reported in 2002, the number of cases reported in 2003 decreased among all reporting groups with the exception of cats, dogs, equids, and swine. Ten of the 19 states with enzootic rabies in raccoons, the District of Columbia, and New York City reported decreases in the numbers of rabid raccoons during 2003. Tennessee reported 4 cases of indigenous rabies in raccoons during 2003, becoming the 20th state where rabies in raccoons is known to be enzootic. On a national level, the number of rabies cases in skunks during 2003 decreased by 13.2% from those reported in 2002. Texas again reported the greatest number (n = 620) of rabid skunks during 2003, as well as the greatest overall state total of rabies cases (909). As in 2002, Texas did not report any cases of rabies associated with the dog/coyote variant of the rabies virus, but did report 61 cases associated with the gray fox variant of the virus (compared with 65 cases in 2002). The 1,212 cases of rabies reported in bats during 2003 represented a decline of nearly 12% from the previous year's record high of 1,373 cases for this group of mammals. Cases of rabies reported in foxes and raccoons declined 10.2% and 8.9%, respectively, during 2003. Rabies among sheep and goats decreased from 15 cases in 2002 to 12 cases in 2003, whereas cases reported in cats, dogs, and equids increased 74%, 18.2%, and 8.6%, respectively. In Puerto Rico, reported cases of rabies in mongooses and dogs decreased 26.9% and 35.7%, respectively, from those reported in 2002. Three cases of rabies in human beings were reported in California, Virginia, and Puerto Rico during 2003. The Virginia case was the first reported occurrence of rabies in a human being infected with the raccoon rabies virus variant; however, the exposure history was unknown. The California and Puerto Rico cases were the result of infections with bat and dog/mongoose rabies virus variants, respectively, and each patient had a history of a bite. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Krebs, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 52 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 225 IS 12 BP 1837 EP 1849 DI 10.2460/javma.2004.225.1837 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 879YY UT WOS:000225756600015 PM 15643834 ER PT J AU Engels, EA Switzer, WM Heneine, W Viscidi, RP AF Engels, EA Switzer, WM Heneine, W Viscidi, RP TI Serologic evidence for exposure to simian virus 40 in North American zoo workers SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Malignancies in AIDS and Other Immunodeficiencies CY APR 29-30, 2004 CL Bethesda, MD ID FOAMY VIRUS-INFECTION; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; HUMAN SERA; BK VIRUS; JC VIRUS; 40 SV40; HUMANS AB Some laboratories have detected DNA from the macaque polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40) in human tumors, but possible routes of infection remain unknown. In the present study, an enzyme immunoassay using viruslike particles (VLPs) was used to test 254 zoo workers for antibodies to SV40; 25 zoo workers with direct contact with nonhuman primates and 15 other zoo workers (23% vs. 10%, respectively; P = .01) were seropositive for SV40. Additionally, SV40 seroreactivity confirmed by competitive-inhibition experiments (i.e., blocked by addition of SV40 VLPs but not by VLPs for BK virus or JC virus, which are related human polyomaviruses) was increased in zoo workers with direct contact with nonhuman primates ( 10% vs. 3%, respectively; P = .04). SV40 seroreactivity therefore may reflect zoonotic exposure. C1 NCI, Rockville, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Engels, EA (reprint author), NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, DHHS, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 9010, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM engelse@exchange.nih.gov NR 15 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 12 BP 2065 EP 2069 DI 10.1086/425997 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 873LK UT WOS:000225281600002 PM 15551203 ER PT J AU Harpaz, R Papania, MJ AF Harpaz, R Papania, MJ TI Elimination programs: Monitoring the effectiveness of surveillance - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Harpaz, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, MS E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rzh6@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 12 BP 2196 EP 2197 DI 10.1086/425428 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 873LK UT WOS:000225281600020 ER PT J AU Michaels, MG Kaufman, C Volberding, PA Gupta, P Switzer, WM Heneine, W Sandstrom, P Kaplan, L Swift, P Damon, L Ildstad, ST AF Michaels, MG Kaufman, C Volberding, PA Gupta, P Switzer, WM Heneine, W Sandstrom, P Kaplan, L Swift, P Damon, L Ildstad, ST TI Baboon bone-marrow xenotransplant in a patient with advanced HIV disease: Case report and 8-year follow-up SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE xenotransplantation; immune reconstitution; AIDS; xenozoonoses; xenogeneic chimerism ID TOTAL-LYMPHOID IRRADIATION; TOLERANCE INDUCTION; T-LYMPHOCYTES; CELLS; TRANSPLANTATION; CHIMERAS; AMPLIFICATION; ENGRAFTMENT; INFECTION; VIRUS AB Background. Xenotransplantation offers a solution to the shortage of organ donors and may offer resistance to human-specific pathogens. Baboons are resistant to productive infection with HIV-1. A baboon bone-marrow transplant (BMT) was performed in an attempt to reconstitute the immune system of a patient with advanced AIDS. The aims of this pilot study were to evaluate the safety of the procedure and develop an approach to prevent and monitor for xenozoonoses. Methods. A source animal was selected on the basis of infectious disease surveillance protocols. Baboon bone marrow, engineered to remove graft-versus-host-disease-producing mature lineages, but to retain hematopoietic stem cells and facilitating cells, was infused into the patient after nonmyeloablative conditioning. Serial clinical, virologic, immunologic, and hematologic evaluations were performed. Results. A 38-year-old male with advanced AIDS, who had failed to respond to triple-drug antiretroviral therapy, underwent baboon BMT in 1995. The patient tolerated the procedure without complication. Baboon cells were detected in the peripheral blood on days 5 and 13 after transplantation. Baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) was detected on day 5 but not subsequently. Antibody to BaEV was not detected. HIV-1 viral load declined 1.5 log and remained low until 11 months. The patient improved clinically, and no adverse events occurred. The patient is alive 8 years after the procedure. Conclusions. Baboon BMT to treat AIDS was attempted using nonmyeloablative conditioning and resulted in transient microchimerism and clinical and virologic improvements. Long-term improvement was not achieved; however, no adverse events occurred, and no evidence of transmission of xenogeneic infections was found. C1 Univ Louisville, Inst Cellular Therapeut, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. CDC, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div Aids STD TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Canada, Natl HIV & Retrovirol Labs, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Alta Bates Comprehens Canc Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Hematol & Oncol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Ildstad, ST (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Inst Cellular Therapeut, Baxer I Biomed Res Bldg,570 S Preston St,Suite 40, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM stilds01@louisville.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RROO083-84]; NIAID NIH HHS [K08 AI 01437-03, P30 AI 27763-11] NR 39 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1582 EP 1589 DI 10.1097/01.TP.0000141365.41365.23479.4E PG 8 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 879FQ UT WOS:000225702200003 PM 15591945 ER PT J AU Granowitz, EV Srinivasan, A Clynes, ND AF Granowitz, EV Srinivasan, A Clynes, ND TI Using the internet to identify infectious-disease outbreaks SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID SOCIETY-OF-AMERICA; NETWORK C1 Baystate Med Ctr, Springfield, MA 01199 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Granowitz, EV (reprint author), Baystate Med Ctr, Springfield, MA 01199 USA. EM eric.granowitz@bhs.org NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 24 BP 2558 EP 2559 DI 10.1056/NEJM200412093512422 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 877TE UT WOS:000225593100032 PM 15590966 ER PT J AU Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS AF Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS TI Amebae and ciliated protozoa as causal agents of waterborne zoonotic disease SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE free-living amebae; amebic encephalitis; amebic keratitis; amebic dysentery; balantidiasis; Acanthamoeba; Balamuthia; Naegleria fowleri; Entamoeba histolytica; Balantidium coli ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; ACANTHAMOEBA-KERATITIS; ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; OPPORTUNISTIC AMEBAS; CUTANEOUS AMEBIASIS; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA AB The roles free-living amebae and the parasitic protozoa Entamoeba histolytica and Balantidium coli play as agents of waterborne zoonotic diseases are examined. The free-living soil and water amebae Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp., and Balamuthia mandrillaris are recognized etiologic agents of mostly fatal amebic encephalitides in humans and other animals, with immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts among the victims. Acanthamoeba spp. are also agents of amebic keratitis. Infection is through the respiratory tract, breaks in the skin, or by uptake of water into the nostrils, with spread to the central nervous system. E. histolytica and B. coli are parasitic protozoa that cause amebic dysentery and balantidiasis, respectively. Both intestinal infections are spread via a fecal-oral route, with cysts as the infective stage. Although the amebic encephalitides can be acquired by contact with water, they are not, strictly speaking, waterborne diseases and are not transmitted to humans from animals. Non-human primates and swine are reservoirs for E. histolytica and B. coli, and the diseases they cause are acquired from cysts, usually in sewage-contaminated water. Amebic dysentery and balantidiasis are examples of zoonotic waterborne infections, though human-to-human transmission can occur. The epidemiology of the diseases is examined, as are diagnostic procedures, anti-microbial interventions, and the influence of globalization, climate change, and technological advances on their spread. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM fschuste@dhs.ca.gov NR 96 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 91 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.019 PG 30 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 880XY UT WOS:000225824800007 PM 15567581 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, BH Euler, G AF Bardenheier, BH Euler, G CA CDC TI Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage among persons aged >= 65 years and persons aged 18-64 years with diabetes or asthma - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1007-1012, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Immunizat Svcs Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Eidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bardenheier, BH (reprint author), Immunizat Svcs Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 22 BP 2715 EP 2716 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 877CY UT WOS:000225546600008 ER PT J AU Elsayed, EA Mousa, N Dabbagh, A El-Bushra, H Mahoney, F Haithami, S El-Sakka, H Sabitenelli, G Agbo, S Nandy, R Cairns, L AF Elsayed, EA Mousa, N Dabbagh, A El-Bushra, H Mahoney, F Haithami, S El-Sakka, H Sabitenelli, G Agbo, S Nandy, R Cairns, L CA CDC TI Emergency measles control activities - Darfur, Sudan, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 897-899, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Fed Minst Hlth Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Cairo, Egypt. UNICEF, Khartoum, Sudan. CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Elsayed, EA (reprint author), Fed Minst Hlth Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 22 BP 2716 EP 2718 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 877CY UT WOS:000225546600009 ER PT J AU Fischer, TK Bresee, JS Glass, RI AF Fischer, TK Bresee, JS Glass, RI TI Rotavirus vaccines and the prevention of hospital-acquired diarrhea in children SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Immunological Approaches Against Nosocomial Infections CY NOV 19-21, 2003 CL Les Pensieres, FRANCE SP Merieux Fdn DE rotavirus; gastroenteritis; vaccine; nosocomial; intra-hospital-acquired ID GENERAL PEDIATRIC UNIT; NOSOCOMIAL ROTAVIRUS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; EFFICACY; INFECTION; INFANTS; IMPACT; SAFETY; OUTBREAK AB Rotavirus, the major cause of severe acute dehydrating gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years of age, is responsible for an estimated 20-50% of all hospitalizations for diarrhea and approximately 440,000 deaths annually, primarily in the developing world. Rotavirus vaccines are considered the most promising means for disease prevention. While the prime rationale for developing rotavirus vaccines has been the enormous burden of rotavirus infection leading to severe and fatal disease, a secondary benefit may be the prevention of nosocomial rotavirus diarrhea. We have reviewed the burden of intra-hospital-acquired rotavirus infections from several countries and found that in the United States alone, as many as 25% of rotavirus hospitalizations or approximately 16,000-18,000 hospitalizations each year might be due to rotavirus infections acquired within hospitals. To countries with low rotavirus-associated mortality, prevention of these infections and the resulting economic savings therefore represent an important secondary goal. Several rotavirus vaccines are in development, and two candidates are currently being tested in large-scale safety and efficacy trials. Development of safe and effective rotavirus vaccines will protect children worldwide against the severe consequences of rotavirus infections including prolonged hospitalizations for nosocomially acquired infections. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fischer, TK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM thf7@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 6 PY 2004 VL 22 SU 1 BP S49 EP S54 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.08.017 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 884QG UT WOS:000226100200010 PM 15576202 ER PT J AU McAuliffe, J Vogel, L Roberts, A Fahle, G Fischer, S Shieh, WJ Butler, E Zaki, S Claire, MS Murphy, B Subbarao, K AF McAuliffe, J Vogel, L Roberts, A Fahle, G Fischer, S Shieh, WJ Butler, E Zaki, S Claire, MS Murphy, B Subbarao, K TI Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE replication; SARS; respiratory tract ID FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; VIRUS-INFECTION; PRIMATE MODEL; PATHOGENESIS; IDENTIFICATION; VACCINE AB SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) administered intranasally and intratracheally to rhesus, cynomolgus and African Green monkeys (AGM) replicated in the respiratory tract but did not induce illness. The titer of serum neutralizing antibodies correlated with the level of virus replication in the respiratory tract (AGM>cynomolgus>rhesus). Moderate to high titers of SARS-CoV with associated interstitial pneumonitis were detected in the lungs of AGMs on day 2 and were resolving by day 4 post-infection. Following challenge of AGMs 2 months later, virus replication was highly restricted and there was no evidence of enhanced disease. These species will be useful for the evaluation of the immunogenicity of candidate vaccines, but the lack of apparent clinical illness in all three species, variability from animal to animal in level of viral replication, and rapid clearance of virus and pneumonitis in AGMs must be taken into account by investigators considering the use of these species in efficacy and challenge studies. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Microbiol Serv, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bioqual Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 50,Room 6132,50 South Dr,MSC 8007, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ksubbarao@niaid.nih.gov NR 21 TC 96 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 5 PY 2004 VL 330 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.09.030 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 872GL UT WOS:000225195600002 PM 15527829 ER PT J AU Mollica, RF Cardozo, BL Osofsky, HJ Raphael, B Ager, A Salama, P AF Mollica, RF Cardozo, BL Osofsky, HJ Raphael, B Ager, A Salama, P TI Mental health in complex emergencies SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; EYE-MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION; NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; POLITICAL VIOLENCE; FUNCTIONAL HEALTH; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; BOSNIAN REFUGEES; BORDER CAMPS; PRIMARY-CARE AB Mental health is becoming a central issue for public health complex emergencies. In this review we present a culturally valid mental health action plan based on scientific evidence that is capable of addressing the mental health effects of complex emergencies. A mental health system of primary care providers, traditional healers, and relief workers, if properly trained and supported, can provide cost-effective, good mental health care. This plan emphasises the need for standardised approaches to the assessment, monitoring, and outcome of all related activities. Crucial to the improvement of outcomes during crises and the availability to future emergencies of lessons learned from earlier crises is the regular dissemination of the results achieved with the action plan. A research agenda is included that should, in time, fill knowledge gaps and reduce the negative mental health effects of complex emergencies. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Harvard Program Refugee Trauma, Cambridge, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Reguee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. New S Wales Hlth Dept, Ctr Mental Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Ctr Int Hlth Studies, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. UNICEF, Kabul, Afghanistan. RP Mollica, RF (reprint author), Harvard Program Refugee Trauma, 22 Putnam Ave 2nd Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM rmollica@partners.org NR 145 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 4 U2 17 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 4 PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9450 BP 2058 EP 2067 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17519-3 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 876KM UT WOS:000225495700030 PM 15582064 ER PT J AU Thompson, WW DeStefano, F Chen, R AF Thompson, WW DeStefano, F Chen, R TI Letter to the editor SO VACCINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Immunizat Safety Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thompson, WW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Immunizat Safety Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wct2@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 281 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.002 PG 2 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 880HC UT WOS:000225778600003 PM 15530668 ER PT J AU Fleischauer, AT Silk, BJ Schumacher, M Komatsu, K Santana, S Vaz, V Wolfe, M Hutwagner, L Cono, J Berkelman, R Treadwell, T AF Fleischauer, AT Silk, BJ Schumacher, M Komatsu, K Santana, S Vaz, V Wolfe, M Hutwagner, L Cono, J Berkelman, R Treadwell, T TI The validity of chief complaint and discharge diagnosis on emergency department-based syndromic surveillance SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bioterrorism preparedness; syndromic surveillance; emergency departments; chief complaint; discharge diagnosis; evaluation ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; SYSTEMS AB Objective: Emergency department (ED)-based syndromic surveillance systems are being used by public health departments to monitor for outbreaks of infectious diseases, including bioterrorism; however, few systems have been validated. The authors evaluated a "drop-in" syndromic surveillance system by comparing syndrome categorization in the ED with chief complaints and ED discharge diagnoses from medical record review. Methods: A surveillance form was completed for each ED visit at 15 participating Arizona hospitals between October 27 and November 18, 2001. Each patient visit was assigned one of ten clinical syndromes or "none." For six of 15 EDs, K statistics were used to compare syndrome agreement between surveillance forms and syndrome categorization with chief complaint and ED discharge diagnosis from medical record review. Results: Overall, agreement between surveillance forms and ED discharge diagnoses (kappa = 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52 to 0.59) was significantly higher than between surveillance forms and chief complaints (K = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.44 to 0.52). Agreement between chief complaints and ED discharge diagnoses was poor for respiratory tract infection with fever (kappa =0.33; 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.39). Furthermore, pediatric chief complaints showed lower agreement for respiratory tract infection with fever when compared with adults (kappa = 0.34 [95% CI = 0.20 to 0.47] vs. K = 0.44 [95% CI = 0.28 to 0.59], respectively). Conclusions: In general, this syndromic surveillance system classified patients into appropriate syndrome categories with fair to good agreement compared with chief complaints and discharge diagnoses. The present findings suggest that use of ED discharge diagnoses, in addition to or instead of chief complaints, may increase surveillance validity for both automated and drop-in syndromic surveillance systems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness & Res, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Maricopa Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol Biodef Preparedness & Response, Phoenix, AZ USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Epidemiol Sect, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fleischauer, AT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alf6@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1262 EP 1267 DI 10.1197/j.aem.2004.07.013 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 876XE UT WOS:000225531300002 PM 15576514 ER PT J AU Boone, DJ AF Boone, DJ TI Is it safe to have a laboratory test? SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Quality in the Spotlight in Medical Laboratories CY MAR 18-19, 2004 CL Antwerp, BELGIUM DE medical errors; laboratory mistakes; quality Institute; Institute for Quality in Laboratory Medicine; patient safety; improving laboratory services ID MEDICAL ERRORS; HEALTH-CARE; QUALITY AB A recent US Institute of Medicine report indicated that up to 98,000 deaths and more than 1 million injuries occur each year in the United States due to medical errors. These include diagnostic errors, such as an "error or delay in diagnosis, failure to employ indicated tests" and the "use of outmoded tests." Laboratory tests provide up to 80% of the information used by physicians to make important medical decisions, therefore it is important to determine how often laboratory testing mistakes occur, whether they cause patient harm, where they are most likely to occur in the testing process, and how to prevent them from occurring. A review of the literature and a US Quality Institute Conference in 2003 indicates that errors in laboratory medicine occur most often in the preanalytical and post-analytical steps in the testing process, but most of the quality improvement efforts focus on improving the analytical process. Measures must be developed and employed to reduce the potential for mistakes in laboratory medicine, including better indicators for the quality of laboratory service. Users of laboratory services must be linked with the laboratory's information system to assist them with decisions about test ordering, patient preparation, and test interpretation. Quality assessment efforts need to be expanded beyond external quality assessment programs to encompass the detection of non-analytical mistakes and improving communication between the users of and providers of laboratory services. The actual number of mistakes in laboratory testing is not fully recognized, because no widespread process is in place to either determine how often mistakes occur or to systematically eliminate sources of error. We also tend to focus on mistakes that result in adverse events, not the near misses that cause no observable harm. The users of laboratory services must become aware of where testing mistakes can occur and actively participate in designing processes to prevent mistakes. Most importantly, healthcare institutions need to adopt a culture of safety, which is implemented at all levels of the organization. This includes establishing closer links between providers of laboratory services and others in the healthcare delivery system. This was the theme of a 2003 Quality Institute Conference aimed at "making the laboratory a key partner in patient safety." Plans to create a permanent public - private partnership, called the Institute for Quality in Laboratory Medicine, whose mission is to promote improvements in the use of laboratory tests and laboratory services are underway. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Boone, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, 4770 Buford Highway MS-G25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dboone@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s00769-004-0855-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 876VJ UT WOS:000225526200003 ER PT J AU Miller, LC Murphy, ST Clark, LF Hamburger, M Moore, J AF Miller, LC Murphy, ST Clark, LF Hamburger, M Moore, J TI Hierarchical messages for introducing multiple HIV prevention options: Promise and pitfalls SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; METHODS WOMEN; SEX WORKERS; CONDOM USE; FEMALE CONDOM; NONOXYNOL-9; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; PROTECTION AB dn battling HIV, many interventionists advocate the use of hierarchical messages that present multiple prevention options in order of decreasing effectiveness. The purpose of the present study was to determine if hierarchical messages provide women with additional prevention options without reducing the perceived efficacy of and willingness to use the primary method mentioned (in this case, male condoms). African American and Mexican American women between 18 and 32 years of age (n = 112) at risk for HIV were randomly assigned to receive either a male-condom-only message (use male condoms) or a hierarchical message (use male condoms; if not, use female condoms; if not, use spermicide). Compared with women in the male-condom-only condition, a significantly smaller percentage of women who received the hierarchical message perceived male condoms as highly effective against HIV. Women currently not using male condoms who received the hierarchical, rather than the male-condom-only, message were less likely to consider using male condoms in the future. Among current male condom users, however, the hierarchical message did not influence intent to use male condoms. These data point to the need for examining both the intended and unintended effects of hierarchical health care messages. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. CDCP, Program Evaluat Res Branch, Div HIV Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Program Evaluat Res Branch, Div AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Miller, LC (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Annenberg Sch Commun, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM lmiller@rcf.usc.edu RI Miller, Lynn/E-8101-2010 OI Miller, Lynn/0000-0003-3379-3564 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 370 SEVENTH AVE, SUITE 1200, NEW YORK, NY 10001-1020 USA SN 0899-9546 EI 1943-2755 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 509 EP 525 DI 10.1521/aeap.16.6.509.53788 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 884CH UT WOS:000226061700003 PM 15585428 ER PT J AU Deloria-Knoll, M Chmiel, JS Moorman, AC Wood, KC Holmberg, SD Palella, FJ AF Deloria-Knoll, M Chmiel, JS Moorman, AC Wood, KC Holmberg, SD Palella, FJ CA HOPS Investigators TI Factors related to and consequences of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in an ambulatory HIV-infected patient cohort SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID OUTCOMES AB In a confidential medication adherence questionnaire completed by 255 participants in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) between March and November 1999, 33% reported skipping antiretroviral doses within the previous 3 days. The respondents, with a median age of 41, were predominantly male (86%), white (62%), and highly educated (33% had some post-high school training but no college degree and 39% had a college degree; only 11% had less than a high school diploma). Twenty-one percent had a history of injection drug use, 12% were unemployed, and 18% had Medicaid insurance. Questions about difficulty taking antiretroviral medications or drug holidays identified an additional 16% of patients experiencing adherence problems and explained significantly more of the failure to achieve undetectable viral loads than simply querying about skipped doses. C1 Northwestern Univ, Div Infect Dis, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. RP Palella, FJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Div Infect Dis, Feinberg Sch Med, 676 N St Clair,Suite 200, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM f-palella@northwestern.edu NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 12 BP 721 EP 727 DI 10.1089/apc.2004.18.721 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 885MB UT WOS:000226159900006 PM 15659883 ER PT J AU Smith, JM Amara, RR Campbell, D Xu, Y Patel, M Sharma, S Butera, ST Ellenberger, DL Yi, H Chennareddi, L Herndon, JG Wyatt, LS Montefiori, D Moss, B McClure, HM Robinson, HL AF Smith, JM Amara, RR Campbell, D Xu, Y Patel, M Sharma, S Butera, ST Ellenberger, DL Yi, H Chennareddi, L Herndon, JG Wyatt, LS Montefiori, D Moss, B McClure, HM Robinson, HL TI DNA/MVA vaccine for HIV type 1: Effects of codon-optimization and the expression of aggregates or virus-like particles on the immunogenicity of the DNA prime SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; AIDS VACCINE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; MUCOSAL CHALLENGE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; VIRAL ESCAPE; MEMORY; PROTECTION AB Recently, a vaccine consisting of DNA priming followed by boosting with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) has provided long-term protection of rhesus macaques against a virulent challenge with a chimera of simian and human immunodeficiency viruses. Here, we report studies on the development of the DNA component for a DNA/MVA HIV vaccine for humans. Specifically, we assess the ability of a codon-optimized Gag-expressing DNA and two noncodon-optimized Gag - Pol - Env-expressing DNAs to prime the MVA booster dose. The codon-optimized DNA expressed virus-like particles (VLPs), whereas one of the noncodon-optimized DNAs expressed VLPs and the other expressed aggregates of HIV proteins. The MVA boost expressed Gag - Pol and Env and produced VLPs. Immunogenicity studies in macaques used one intramuscular prime with 600 mug of DNA and two intramuscular boosts with 1 x 10(8) pfu of MVA at weeks 8 and 30. The codon-optimized and noncodon-optimized DNAs proved similar in their ability to prime anti-Gag T cell responses. The aggregate and VLP-expressing Gag - Pol - Env DNAs also showed no significant differences in their ability to prime anti-Env Ab responses. The second MVA booster dose did not increase the peak CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, but increased anti-Env Ab titers by 40- to 90-fold. MVA-only immunizations elicited 10 - 100 times lower frequencies of T cells and 2 - 4 lower titers of anti-Env Ab than the Gag - Pol - Env DNA/MVA immunizations. Based on the breadth of the T cell response and a trend toward higher titers of anti-Env Ab, we are moving forward with human trials of the noncodon-optimized VLP-expressing DNA. C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Electron Microscope Core, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NIAID, Viral Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Robinson, HL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd,Box 129, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM hrobins@rmy.emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI49364]; NIDA NIH HHS [P30 DA 12121] NR 30 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1335 EP 1347 DI 10.1089/aid.2004.20.1335 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 883XN UT WOS:000226049200008 PM 15650426 ER PT J AU Painter, TM AF Painter, TM TI Natural resource conflict management case studies: An analysis of power, participation and protected areas. SO AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Painter, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE SUITE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0002-7294 J9 AM ANTHROPOL JI Am. Anthropol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 106 IS 4 BP 754 EP 755 DI 10.1525/aa.2004.106.4.754 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 874WM UT WOS:000225381200023 ER PT J AU Weisberg, P Scanlon, KS Li, RW Cogswell, ME AF Weisberg, P Scanlon, KS Li, RW Cogswell, ME TI Nutritional rickets among children in the United States: review of cases reported between 1986 and 2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vitamin D and Health in the 21st Century CY OCT 09-10, 2003 CL Bethesda, MD SP NCI, NIH, DHHS, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, USDA Agr Res Serv, NIAMS, DNRC, NIDDK, ORWH, Coca Cola N Amer, Natl Dairy Council DE vitamin D deficiency; rickets; breast-feeding; case reports; children; African American children ID VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; BREAST-FED INFANTS; HUMAN-MILK; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; FOOD AB Reports of hypovitaminosis D among adults in the United States have drawn attention to the vitamin D status of children. National data on hypovitaminosis D among children are not yet available. Reports from 2000 and 2001 of rickets among children living in North Carolina, Texas, Georgia, and the mid-Atlantic region, however, confirmed the presence of vitamin D deficiency among some US children and prompted new clinical guidelines to prevent its occurrence. We reviewed reports of nutritional rickets among US children < 18 y of age that were published between 1986 and 2003. We identified 166 cases of rickets in 22 published studies. Patients were 4-54 mo of age, although in 17 studies the maximal age was < 30 mo. Approximately 83% of children with rickets were described as African American or black, and 96% were breast-fed. Among children who were breast-fed, only 5% of records indicated vitamin D supplementation during breast-feeding. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recently recommended a minimal intake of 200 IU/d vitamin D for all infants, beginning in the first 2 mo of life. AAP recommends a vitamin D supplement for breast-fed infants who do not consume at least 500 mL of a vitamin D-fortified beverage. Given our finding of a disproportionate number of rickets cases among young, breast-fed, black children, we recommend that education regarding AAP guidelines emphasize the higher risk of rickets among these children. Education should also emphasize the importance of weaning children to a diet adequate in both vitamin D and calcium. C1 CDCP, Maternal Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Scanlon, KS (reprint author), CDCP, Maternal Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kscanlon@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 80 IS 6 SU S BP 1697S EP 1705S PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 879ID UT WOS:000225708700004 PM 15585790 ER PT J AU Caruso, CC Lusk, SL Gillespie, BW AF Caruso, CC Lusk, SL Gillespie, BW TI Relationship of work schedules to gastrointestinal diagnoses, symptoms, and medication use in auto factory workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE shift work; overtime; work hours; work schedule; circadian rhythms; sleep; gastrointestinal diseases; digestive system diseases; work schedule tolerance; workload; occupational diseases; occupational exposure ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SHIFT WORK; OVERTIME WORK; RISK-FACTORS; PROCESSING INDUSTRY; DIABETES-MELLITUS; AIRCRAFT NOISE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; JAPANESE MEN; HEALTH AB Background Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are common in shift workers. This study examines the relationship between work schedules and GI symptoms, medications, and diagnoses. Methods In a cross-sectional survey of 343 US auto factory workers, four work schedule variables were examined: assigned shift, number of hours worked, number of night hours, and schedule variability. Multiple regression tested the relationship between GI outcomes and work schedule variables while controlling for covariates. Results The evening shift was associated with more GI symptoms and GI diagnoses. Unexpectedly, more consistent work times were associated with having a GI diagnosis. As schedule variability increased the probability of GI medication use increased in low noise exposure. Conclusion Findings suggest that evening shift and widely varying work start and end times may increase risks for GI disturbances. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Stat Consultat & Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Caruso, CC (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ccaruso@cdc.gov NR 65 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 46 IS 6 BP 586 EP 598 DI 10.1002/ajim.20099 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 876XS UT WOS:000225532700004 PM 15551368 ER PT J AU Taylor, L Ashley, K Jones, RL Deddens, JA AF Taylor, L Ashley, K Jones, RL Deddens, JA TI Field evaluation of a portable blood lead analyzer in workers living at a high altitude: A follow-up investigation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE anodic stripping voltammetry; blood lead analysis; high-altitude population; instrument evaluation; occupational lead exposure; smelter ID HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION AB Background Field-portable instruments can offer expeditious analytical results to health professionals infield settings and in areas lacking laboratory infrastructure. This study further evaluated an electroanalytical field-portable instrument, which rapidly analyzes blood lead concentrations. Methods A portable anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) instrument was evaluated utilizing paired samples from 243 employees working at an elevation of approximately 3,800 meters in Peru. Each worker donated two venous blood samples, one of which was analyzed by the ASV device and the other by a reference analytical method, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Results According to the GFAAS results, the mean blood lead concentration measured was 46(+/-16) mug/dl; this was significantly greater than the mean ASV measurement of 32(+/-11) mug/dl (paired t-test; P < 0.0001). The accuracy of the ASV estimation decreased as the measured blood lead concentration increased. Conclusions The results from this investigation were significantly different from the previous study, which was conducted near sea level. The exact causes for the discrepancies between the portable ASV results from the two studies are unclear but are thought to be related to differences in blood chemistry between the Midwestern United States and Peruvian Andes worker cohorts. Portable ASV blood lead measurements from populations living at high altitudes should be viewed with caution. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 CDC, NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, US DHHS, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Taylor, L (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM LTaylor@cdc.gov RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 46 IS 6 BP 656 EP 662 DI 10.1002/ajim.20096 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 876XS UT WOS:000225532700011 PM 15551370 ER PT J AU Joseph, HA Shrestha-Kuwahara, R Lowry, D Lambert, LA Panlilio, AL Raucher, BG Holcombe, JM Poujade, J Rasmussen, DM Wilce, M AF Joseph, HA Shrestha-Kuwahara, R Lowry, D Lambert, LA Panlilio, AL Raucher, BG Holcombe, JM Poujade, J Rasmussen, DM Wilce, M TI Factors influencing health care workers' adherence to work site tuberculosis screening and treatment policies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; US HOSPITALS; FOLLOW-UP; PHYSICIANS; INFECTION; PREVENTION; GUIDELINES; OUTBREAK; THERAPY AB Background: Despite the known risk of tuberculosis (TB) to health care workers (HCWs), research suggests that many are not fully adherent with local TB infection control policies. The objective of this exploratory study was to identify factors influencing HCWs' adherence to policies for routine tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI). Methods: Sixteen focus groups were conducted with clinical and nonclinical staff at 2 hospitals and 2 health departments. Participants were segmented by adherence to TST or LTBI treatment policies. In-depth, qualitative analysis was conducted to identify facilitators and barriers to adherence. Results: Among all focus groups, common themes included the perception that the TST was mandatory, the belief that conducting TSTs at the work site facilitated adherence, and a general misunderstanding about TB epidemiology and pathogenesis. Adherent groups more commonly mentioned facilitators, such as the perception that periodic tuberculin skin testing was protective and the employee health (EH) provision of support services. Barriers, such as the logistic difficulty in obtaining the TST, the perception that LTBI treatment was harmful, and a distrust of EH, emerged consistently in nonadherent groups. Conclusions: This information may be used to develop more effective interventions for promoting HCW adherence to TB prevention policies. informed efforts can be implemented in coordination with reevaluations of infection control and EH programs that may be prompted by the publication of the revised TB infection control guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2005. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DTBE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Dept Infect Control, New York, NY 10003 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Bur TB & Refugee Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. Multnomah Cty Hlth Dept, Portland, OR USA. St Lukes Hosp, Employee Hlth Serv, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Joseph, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DTBE, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM HJosephI@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 2004 VL 32 IS 8 BP 456 EP 461 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.06.004 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 878DZ UT WOS:000225628000006 PM 15573052 ER PT J AU Rein, DB Anderson, LA Irwin, KL AF Rein, DB Anderson, LA Irwin, KL TI Mental health disorders and sexually transmitted diseases in a privately insured population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article DE \ ID PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; RISK BEHAVIOR; MANAGED CARE; HIV; ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION; COST; INTERVENTION AB Objectives: To consider whether patients who use mental health services in privately insured settings are also more likely to have received sexually transmitted disease (STD) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses and whether this relationship extends to patients with milder mental health disorders. Methods: Using frequency tables stratified by age and sex, a logistic regression model, and difference of means tests, we examined the relationship between mental health claims and STDs in a sample of 289 604 privately insured people across the United States. Results: Patients with mental health claims were more than twice as likely as other patients to have an STD claim in the same year after controlling for confounding factors (odds ratio, 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 2.11-2.58). This relationship held for severe and milder mental health diagnoses, for male and female patients, and in each age category from 15 to 44 years. Among women, patients aged 20 to 24 years with a mental health claim had the highest predicted probability of STD diagnoses (3.0%); among men, patients aged 25 to 29 years with a mental health claim had the highest predicted probability of STD diagnoses (1.2%). Conclusions: In this population, patients with mental health claims were more likely to also have claims with diagnoses for STDs than patients without mental health claims, and this relationship applied to severe and milder mental health disorders. This suggests that people with mental health disorders in privately insured populations may benefit from routine STD risk assessments to identify high-risk patients for referral to cost-effective, preventive services. C1 RTI Int, Div Hlth Econ Res, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rein, DB (reprint author), RTI Int, Div Hlth Econ Res, 2951 Flowers Rd S,Suite 119, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM drein@rti.org NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 917 EP 922 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 878DW UT WOS:000225627700003 PM 15617367 ER PT J AU Lashley, S Calafat, A Barr, D Ledoux, T Hore, P Lake, M Robson, M Smulian, J AF Lashley, S Calafat, A Barr, D Ledoux, T Hore, P Lake, M Robson, M Smulian, J TI Endocrine disruptors in the maternal and fetal compartments SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY FEB 09-12, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Robert Wood Johnson Univ Hosp, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Div Sci & Res, Risk Assessment & Toxicol Sect, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 191 IS 6 SU S MA 488 BP S140 EP S140 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.390 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 882FW UT WOS:000225925500482 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Glanz, K Briss, PA Nichols, P White, C Das, D Smith, SJ Tannor, B Hutchinson, AB Wilson, KM Gandhi, N Lee, NC Rimer, B Coates, RC Kerner, JF Hiatt, RA Buffler, P Rochester, P AF Saraiya, M Glanz, K Briss, PA Nichols, P White, C Das, D Smith, SJ Tannor, B Hutchinson, AB Wilson, KM Gandhi, N Lee, NC Rimer, B Coates, RC Kerner, JF Hiatt, RA Buffler, P Rochester, P TI Interventions to prevent skin cancer by reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiation - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SUN-PROTECTION BEHAVIORS; CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTH-EDUCATION PROGRAM; BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; POOL COOL PROGRAM; SUNSCREEN USE; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; OUTDOOR WORKERS AB The relationship between skin cancer and ultraviolet radiation is well established. Behaviors such as seeking shade, avoiding sun exposure during peak hours of radiation, wearing protective clothing, or some combination of these behaviors can provide protection. Sunscreen use alone is not considered an adequate protection against ultraviolet radiation. This report presents the results of systematic reviews of effectiveness, applicability, other harms or benefits, economic evaluations, and barriers to use of selected interventions to prevent skin cancer by reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The Task Force on Community Preventive Services found that education and policy approaches to increasing sun-protective behaviors were effective when implemented in primary schools and in recreational or tourism settings, but found insufficient evidence to determine effectiveness when implemented in other settings, such as child care centers, secondary schools and colleges, and occupational settings. They also found insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of interventions oriented to healthcare settings and providers, media campaigns alone, interventions oriented to parents or caregivers of children, and community-wide multicomponent interventions. The report also provides suggestions for areas for future research. (C) 2004 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NCI, NIH, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MSaraiya@cdc.gov OI Kerner, Jon/0000-0002-8792-3830 NR 252 TC 197 Z9 203 U1 12 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 422 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.08.009 PG 45 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 872KF UT WOS:000225205400011 PM 15556744 ER PT J AU Fielding, JE Clark, NM Clymer, J Dickersin, K Hinman, AR Johnson, RL Land, GH Nolan, PA Plough, AL Pronk, NP Richling, DE Rimer, BK Teutsch, SM Lawrence, RS McGinnis, JM Novick, LF Evans, CA Brownson, R Buffler, PA England, MJ Fleming, DW Fullilove, MT Guerra, FA Isham, GJ Mahan, CS Mullen, PD Scrimshaw, SC Thompson, RS AF Fielding, JE Clark, NM Clymer, J Dickersin, K Hinman, AR Johnson, RL Land, GH Nolan, PA Plough, AL Pronk, NP Richling, DE Rimer, BK Teutsch, SM Lawrence, RS McGinnis, JM Novick, LF Evans, CA Brownson, R Buffler, PA England, MJ Fleming, DW Fullilove, MT Guerra, FA Isham, GJ Mahan, CS Mullen, PD Scrimshaw, SC Thompson, RS CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Recommendations to prevent skin cancer by reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUN PROTECTION; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fielding, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 467 EP 470 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.08.003 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 872KF UT WOS:000225205400012 ER PT J AU Kachur, SP Khatib, RA Kaizer, E Fox, SS Abdulla, SM Bloland, PB AF Kachur, SP Khatib, RA Kaizer, E Fox, SS Abdulla, SM Bloland, PB TI Adherence to antimalarial combination therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artesunate in rural Tanzania SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HOME TREATMENT; UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA; CHILDREN; CHLOROQUINE; DRUGS; EFFICACY; TRIAL; ARTEMISININ AB Artemisinin-containing antimalarial combination therapies are recommended to confront drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Among the questions surrounding whether these complex multidose treatments will be practical is to what extent patients complete the recommended doses. Combination therapy through coadministration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus artesunate was introduced as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in one district in Tanzania. Interventions to optimize correct use were also implemented. We observed 453 patient encounters at one health facility and recorded key practices as health workers dispensed the combination. A total of 253 patients were followed-up at 24 or 48 hours. Complete adherence measured at 48 hours reached 75.0%, based on self-report and tablet counts. This is substantially better than reported elsewhere and compares favorably with intervention studies to optimize adherence to chloroquine. Counseling about what to do if a patient vomits appears to have been an independent risk factor for nonadherence. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Malaria Case Management Unit,Ctr Dis Control & Pr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Program, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Kachur, SP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Malaria Case Management Unit,Ctr Dis Control & Pr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM skachur@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 71 IS 6 BP 715 EP 722 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 884ZN UT WOS:000226125300005 PM 15642960 ER PT J AU Mwinzi, PNM Karanja, DMS Kareko, I Magak, PW Orago, ASS Colley, DG Secor, WE AF Mwinzi, PNM Karanja, DMS Kareko, I Magak, PW Orago, ASS Colley, DG Secor, WE TI Short report: Evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in persons co-infected with Schistosoma mansoni and human immunodeficiency virus 1 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HEPATOSPLENIC DISEASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES AB To investigate whether infection with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) affects fibrosis development in patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni, we evaluated schistosomiasis-induced pathology in the livers of Kenyan patients co-infected with HIV-1. Compared with persons with schistosomiasis alone (n = 58), there were no significant differences in distribution of ultrasound-detectable pathology in persons with HIV-1 co-infection (n = 23). Similarly, serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were not significantly different in HIV-1+ individuals. Hepatic fibrosis was associated with significantly decreased CD4+ T cell counts, even in the absence of HIV-1 infection. These data suggest that HIV-1 co-infection does not significantly alter the proportion of patients experiencing schistosomiasis-induced fibrosis, but pathology associated with S. mansoni infections leads to CD4+ T cell reductions and thereby may exacerbate the effects of HIV-1 in co-infected individuals. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Clin Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. EM was4@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 71 IS 6 BP 783 EP 786 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 884ZN UT WOS:000226125300017 PM 15642972 ER PT J AU Chen, YH Tenover, FC Koehler, TM AF Chen, YH Tenover, FC Koehler, TM TI beta-lactamase gene expression in a penicillin-resistant Bacillus anthracis strain SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; STREPTOMYCES-CACAOI; CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX; TOXIN GENE; TRANSCRIPTION; REGULATOR; PROTEIN; BLAL AB Expression of the bla1 and bla2 genes in an archetypal Bacillus anthracis strain is insufficient for penicillin resistance. In a penicillin-resistant clinical isolate, both genes are highly transcribed, but bla1 is the major contributor to high-level resistance to ampicillin. Differential expression of the bla genes is dependent upon strain background. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koehler, TM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, 6431 Fannin St,JFB 1-765, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM theresa.m.koehler@uth.tmc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI033537, AI33537] NR 36 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 12 BP 4873 EP 4877 DI 10.1128/AAC.48.12.4873-4877.2004 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 876CW UT WOS:000225474500054 PM 15561870 ER EF