FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Barnett, PG Singh, SP Bern, C Hightower, AW Sundar, S AF Barnett, PG Singh, SP Bern, C Hightower, AW Sundar, S TI Virgin soil: The spread of visceral leishmaniasis into Uttar Pradesh, India SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID KALA-AZAR; NEPAL AB We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and risk factors in two villages in Uttar Pradesh, India reported to have had a recent outbreak. In 245 households with 2,203 people, we detected 3 current VL cases, 32 past cases, and 8 VL deaths since 2001 (annual incidence = 6 per 1,000). Risk factors included living in the same household as a VL case (odds ratio [OR] = 76, P < 0.0005 in one village and OR = 22, P < 0.0005 in the other village), sleeping downstairs and outside in the summer (OR = 4.7, P = 0.004), and an age >= 15 years old (OR = 2.9, P = 0.024). Increasing cattle density was a risk factor in one village but not the other. We were not able to determine the route by which VL entered the villages. Our data demonstrate a new spread of VL in previously unaffected areas. We recommend carefully supervised spraying with DDT, surveillance to pinpoint other affected villages, and efforts to increase availability of diagnostic and treatment facilities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Med, Inst Med Sci, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Community Med, Inst Med Sci, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. MSF Holland, NL-1014 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Barnett, PG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cxb9@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 73 IS 4 BP 720 EP 725 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 973UR UT WOS:000232548600015 PM 16222016 ER PT J AU Fox, LM Wilson, SF Addiss, DG Louis-Charles, J De Rochars, MVB Lammie, PJ AF Fox, LM Wilson, SF Addiss, DG Louis-Charles, J De Rochars, MVB Lammie, PJ TI Clinical correlates of filarial infection in Haitian children: An association with interdigital lesions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; BRUGIAN FILARIASIS; ATHLETES FOOT; ACUTE ADENOLYMPHANGITIS; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; LOCAL TREATMENT; ACUTE ATTACKS; AFFECTED LIMB; LYMPHEDEMA AB To assess clinical findings associated with Wuchereria bancrofti infection, 192 school children in a filariasis-endemic area of Haiti underwent physical and ultrasonographic examinations and testing for circulating filarial antigen (CFA). The CFA-positive children were more likely than CFA-negative children to have severe interdigital lesions (>= 1 macerated lesion with involvement of >= 4 toe web spaces) (P < 0.0001) and inguinal (P = 0.003) or crural (P = 0.004) lymph node pathology. In multivariate analysis, CFA positivity remained a significant predictor for severe interdigital lesions (P = 0.006) and inguinal lymph node pathology (P = 0.05). Ultrasound detected adult worms and lymphangectasia (diameter = 2.0-4.0 mm) in 11 (10.8%) CFA-positive children. Among CFA-positive children, ultrasonographic detection of adult worms was associated with inguinal (P = 0.01) and crural (P = 0.004) lymph node pathology and advanced pubertal stage (sexual maturity rating = 3-5) (P = 0.02). This is the first study to associate interdigital lesions with filarial infection in children. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hop St Croix, Filariasis Program, Leogane, Haiti. RP Fox, LM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, 85 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM leanne.fox@childrens.harvard.edu NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 73 IS 4 BP 759 EP 765 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 973UR UT WOS:000232548600021 PM 16222022 ER PT J AU della Garza, Y Graviss, EA Daver, NG Gambarin, KJ Shandera, WX Schantz, PM White, C AF della Garza, Y Graviss, EA Daver, NG Gambarin, KJ Shandera, WX Schantz, PM White, C TI Epidemiology of neurocysticercosis in Houston, Texas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LOS-ANGELES COUNTY; CYSTICERCOSIS; INFECTIONS AB We identified 114 patients with neurocysticercosis admitted to Ben Taub General Hospital in Houston, Texas between January 1994 and June 1997. Most of these patients were born in Mexico (78%) or Central America (16%), but 6% were born in the United States. Review of neurology clinic records identified 54 patients diagnosed with neurocysticercosis, representing 2% of all neurology clinic patients and 16% of all Hispanics diagnosed with seizures. Forty-one patients were interviewed and all reported significant risk factors for infection, including ingestion of undercooked pork, pig husbandry, immigration from and frequent travel to villages in disease-endemic areas, or personal/family history of taeniasis. Among Mexican immigrants, most were born in rural areas in Central (31%) or north central Mexico (38%). Significantly fewer of the patients were from the border states (15%). The median period from immigration to diagnosis was 58 months, but it was 28 months for the 13 patients who had not left the United States after immigration. Although neurocysticercosis is being diagnosed with increasing frequency in the United States, acquisition of infection is still strongly associated with pig husbandry in rural Latin America, with little evidence of local transmission. Even among urban immigrants to the United States and United States-born cases, there is close ongoing contact with disease-endemic villages. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ben Taub Gen Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Neurol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP White, C (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Infect Dis, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM arthurw@bcm.tmc.edu OI White, A Clinton/0000-0002-9668-4632 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 73 IS 4 BP 766 EP 770 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 973UR UT WOS:000232548600022 PM 16222023 ER PT J AU Scheel, CM Khan, A Hancock, K Garcia, HH Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW AF Scheel, CM Khan, A Hancock, K Garcia, HH Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Serodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis using synthetic 8-kD proteins: Comparison of assay formats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TAENIA-SOLIUM; IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; IMMUNOBLOT ASSAY; CYSTICERCOSIS; ANTIGENS; ANTIBODIES; EPILEPSY; OPTIMIZATION AB The assay of choice for serological detection of cysticercosis in humans and pigs is the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB), a Western blot assay that relies on the use of seven lentil-lectin-purified glycoproteins (LLGPs) derived from Taenia solium metacestodes. The EITB is has a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 100% in detecting cysticercosis, yet scarcity of native source material and the labor-intensive process of metacestode purification hinder its practicality. These limitations have necessitated the reproduction of the EITB antigens in synthetic forms. Four chemically synthesized LLGP antigens, TS14, TS18var1, TSRS1, and TSRS2var1, were assayed individually by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot for immunoreactivity against a large cohort of sera from clinically defined neurocysticercosis patients. The sensitivity and specificity of all four of these antigens using the ELISA format were well below the standards set by the LLGP EITB, whereas results of the Western blot format closely mirrored those of the LLGP EITB. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Dept Transmissible Dis, Lima, Peru. Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Pathol, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Scheel, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 23,Room 1003,Mailstop F-13,4770 Buford Highw, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cmscheel@aol.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 P01 AI51976-01, U01 AI35894]; Wellcome Trust NR 23 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 73 IS 4 BP 771 EP 776 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 973UR UT WOS:000232548600023 PM 16222024 ER PT J AU Ye, XY Zsuzsanna, K Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Ye, XY Zsuzsanna, K Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Quantification of urinary conjugates of bisphenol A, 2,5-dichlorophenol, and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone in humans by online solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glucuronide; sulfate; metabolism; exposure; biomonitoring ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IN-VITRO; 1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE; METABOLITES; RATS; ESTROGENICITY; CHEMICALS; BENZOPHENONE-3; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIZATION AB Urinary concentrations of phenols or their metabolites have been used as biomarkers to assess the prevalence of exposure to these compounds in the general population. Total urinary concentrations, which include both free and conjugated (glucuronide and sulfated) forms of the compounds, are usually reported. From a toxicologic standpoint, the relative concentrations of the free species compared with their conjugated analogs can be important because conjugation may reduce the potential biologic activity of the phenols. In this study, we determined the percentage of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of three phenolic compounds, bisphenol A (BPA), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (benzophenone-3, BP-3) in 30 urine samples collected between 2000 and 2004 from a demographically diverse group of anonymous adult volunteers. We used a sensitive on-line solid phase extraction-isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. These three phenols were detected frequently in the urine samples tested. Only small percentages of the compounds (9.5% for BPA, and 3% for 2,5-DCP and BP3) were excreted in their free form. The percentage of the sulfate conjugate was about twice that of the free compound. The glucuronide conjugate was the major metabolite, representing 69.5% (BPA), 89% (2,5-DCP), and 84.6% (BP-3) of the total amount excreted in urine. These results are in agreement with those reported before which suggested that BPA-glucuronide was an important BPA urinary metabolite in humans. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the distribution of urinary conjugates of BP-3 and 2,5-DCP in humans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 29 TC 128 Z9 136 U1 4 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 383 IS 4 BP 638 EP 644 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-0019-4 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 986NV UT WOS:000233457900012 PM 16132150 ER PT J AU Kalb, SR Goodnough, MC Malizio, CJ Pirkle, JL Barr, JR AF Kalb, SR Goodnough, MC Malizio, CJ Pirkle, JL Barr, JR TI Detection of botulinum neurotoxin A in a spiked milk sample with subtype identification through toxin proteomics SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; FOODBORNE BOTULISM; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FOOD SAMPLES; PCR AB Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) causes the disease botulism, which can be lethal if untreated. Rapid determination of exposure to BoNT is an important public health goal. Previous work in our laboratory focused on the development of Endopep-MS, a mass spectrometry-based endopeptidase method for detecting and differentiating BoNT in buffer. This method can rapidly determine the presence of BoNT in a sample and differentiate the toxin type of BoNT present but does not yield additional information about the subtype. We now describe here the application of Endopep-MS to detect BoNT A in a spiked milk sample. This work also describes subtype identification achieved through mass spectrometric analysis of the protein toxin itself and does not require the presence of DNA from the toxin-producing bacteria. Tryptic digests of A1 and A2 subtypes of BoNT were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and peptides unique to either the A1 or A2 subtype were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry analysis to confirm their identities. Finally, subtype identification through mass spectrometric analysis was performed on BoNT A isolated from spiked milk. In its entirety, this method would allow for analysis of BoNT with toxin type identification in a few hours and subtype identification within 24 h. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subs & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subs & Dis Registry, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov OI Kalb, Suzanne/0000-0002-8067-136X NR 25 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 19 BP 6140 EP 6146 DI 10.1021/ac0511748 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 972HA UT WOS:000232443700017 PM 16194071 ER PT J AU Parkin, MC Wei, H O'Callaghan, JP Kennedy, RT AF Parkin, MC Wei, H O'Callaghan, JP Kennedy, RT TI Sample-dependent effects on the neuropeptidome detected in rat brain tissue preparations by capillary liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IN-VIVO; MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; MICRODIALYSIS SAMPLES; ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDES; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; MALDI MS; IDENTIFICATION; PRECURSOR; FRAGMENTATION; DISSOCIATION AB The effect of sample extraction and preparation on neuropeptidomic analysis of brain tissue by capillary liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was investigated. In agreement with previous reports, analysis of peptide extracts of brain tissue from animals sacrificed by microwave irradiation, which fixes tissue, allows identification of neuronally derived peptides whereas similar analysis of tissue from animals sacrificed without fixation does not. A comparison of a physical method for cell lysis (sonication) to physical combined with chemical cell lysis (sonication with detergent treatment) revealed that the latter method increased the number of neuronally derived peptides positively identified by similar to 3-fold, from 16 to 44, for analysis of microwave-fixed rat striatum. Use of synaptosome preparations also allowed detection of neuronally derived peptides (23 positively identified) without a requirement of microwave fixation, suggesting that this method may be a useful alternative for sample preparation. Although numerous peptides were identified in these experiments, several known neuropeptides were not detected including neuropeptide Y and neurotensin. Chemical properties such as hydrophobicity and atypical gas-phase fragmentation were found to account for the inability to detect these peptides. These results suggest that further improvement in sample preparation and automated spectral interpretation are needed to provide better coverage of neuropeptides in mammalian tissues. A total of 39 novel neuronally dervived peptides, including some originating from proenkephalin and phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein, were identified in striatum and synaptosome. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Pharmacol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TMBB, HELD, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Kennedy, RT (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rtkenn@umich.edu RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Kennedy, Robert/G-9095-2016 OI Kennedy, Robert/0000-0003-2447-7471 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS38476] NR 45 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 19 BP 6331 EP 6338 DI 10.1021/ac050712d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 972HA UT WOS:000232443700042 PM 16194096 ER PT J AU Wheaton, AG Blanck, HM Gizlice, Z Reyes, M AF Wheaton, AG Blanck, HM Gizlice, Z Reyes, M TI Medicinal herb use in a population-based survey of adults: prevalence and frequency of use, reasons for use, and use among their children SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbal medicine; epidemiology; population surveillance; children ID INCREASING PHYSICIAN AWARENESS; CASE-BASED TUTORIAL; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; COMMON USES; COMPLEMENTARY; THERAPIES; CONTRAINDICATIONS; PEDIATRICS AB PURPOSE: There is sparse population-based data on health factors related to medicinal herb use and use of medicinal herbs in children. For a sample of American adults, we estimated the prevalence and frequency of medicinal herb use, factors related to use, reasons for use, patient-physician discussion, and the proportion of respondents who gave herbs to their children. METHODS: The data used in this study was from the 2001 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a population-based telephone survey of English-speaking adults (n = 2982). RESULTS: Approximately 20% of respondents reported using medicinal herbs in the past year. Of these, 34% reported discussion of herb use with a physician; 69% reported taking herbs to maintain health, 20% to prevent illness, and 11% to treat illness. Of the total sample, 7% reported using herbs everyday and 5% of the respondents reported giving their children herbal medicines in the past year. CONCLUSIONS: Medicinal herb use is common in this population sample. The lack of discussion between users and their physicians highlights the importance of patient-physician communication to avoid possible herb-drug interactions and surgical complications. Herb use appears to be a popular strategy for maintaining health. Children may he vulnerable to herbal toxicity and therefore clinicians need to know about their medicinal herb use and counsel appropriately. C1 CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. N Carolina State Hlth Dept, Raleigh, NC USA. Emory Univ, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hblanck@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 15 IS 9 BP 678 EP 685 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.09.002 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 969NF UT WOS:000232240200003 PM 16157255 ER PT J AU Tobias, HJ Schafer, MP Pitesky, M Fergenson, DP Horn, J Frank, M Gard, EE AF Tobias, HJ Schafer, MP Pitesky, M Fergenson, DP Horn, J Frank, M Gard, EE TI Bioaerosol mass spectrometry for rapid detection of individual airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra particles SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; MYCOLIC ACIDS; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; BACTERIA; CLASSIFICATION; IONIZATION; DIAGNOSIS; SURVIVAL; IDENTIFICATION AB Single-particle laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, in the form of bioaerosol mass spectrometry (BAMS), was evaluated as a rapid detector for individual airborne, micron-sized, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra particles, comprised of a single cell or a small number of clumped cells. The BAMS mass spectral signatures for aerosolized M. tuberculosis H37Ra particles were found to be distinct from M. smegmatis, Bacillus atrophaeus, and B. cereus particles, using a distinct biomarker. This is the first time a potentially unique biomarker was measured in M. tuberculosis H37Ra on a single-cell level. In addition, M. tuberculosis H37Ra and M. smegmatis were aerosolized into a bioaerosol chamber and were sampled and analyzed using BAMS, an aerodynamic particle sizer, a viable Anderson six-stage sampler, and filter cassette samplers that permitted direct counts of cells. In a background-free environment, BAMS was able to sample and detect M. tuberculosis H37Ra at airborne concentrations of > 1 M. tuberculosis H37Ra-containing particles/liter of air in 20 min as determined by direct counts of filter cassette-sampled particles, and concentrations of > 40 M. tuberculosis H37Ra CFU/Iiter of air in 1 min as determined by using viable Andersen six-stage samplers. This is a first step toward the development of a rapid, stand-alone airborne M. tuberculosis particle detector for the direct detection of M. tuberculosis bioaerosols generated by an infectious patient. Additional instrumental development is currently under way to make BAMS useful in realistic environmental and respiratory particle backgrounds expected in tuberculosis diagnostic scenarios. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Gard, EE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-452,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gard2@llnl.gov RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 49 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 6086 EP 6095 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.10.6086-6095.2005 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 973DV UT WOS:000232504000052 PM 16204525 ER PT J AU Carmichael, SL Shaw, GM Laurent, C Croughan, MS Olney, RS Lammer, EJ AF Carmichael, SL Shaw, GM Laurent, C Croughan, MS Olney, RS Lammer, EJ CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Maternal progestin intake and risk of hypospadias SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; LUTEAL-PHASE SUPPORT; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; ETIOLOGIC FACTORS; EARLY-PREGNANCY; TRENDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; MINNESOTA; ESTROGENS AB Background: Previous studies have suggested that maternal intake of progestins during early pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of hypospadias. Progesterone and its derivatives are commonly prescribed during early pregnancy, for example, in cases of luteal phase dysfunction and in conjunction with ovulation stimulation drugs. Objective: To examine whether risk of hypospadias was associated with periconceptional progestin intake. Design and Setting: The National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based, multistate, case-control study including deliveries that had estimated due dates from October, 1997 to December, 2000. Participants: Participation in the study was 71% among case mothers and 68% among control mothers. This analysis included 502 subjects diagnosed with second- or third-degree hypospadias (ie, the urethra opened at the penile shaft, scrotum, or perineum) and 1286 male, live-born, nonmalformed control subjects. Results: Forty-two case mothers (8.4%) and 31 control mothers (2.4%) reported any pregnancy-related progestin intake from 4 weeks before through 14 weeks after conception, resulting in an odds ratio of 3.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-6.0). Analyses stratified by several potential covariates also suggested elevated risks. For example, among the 10 cases and 13 controls who did not report any fertility-related procedures or treatments other than progestins, the odds ratio was 2.2 (95% CI, 1.0-5.0). Progestin intake for the purpose of contraception was not associated with increased risk. Conclusion: This study found that pregnancy-related intake of progestins was associated with increased hypospadias risk. C1 Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Dimes Birth Defect Fdn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Carmichael, SL (reprint author), Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Dimes Birth Defect Fdn, 1917 5th St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sca@cbmdp.org RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50 CCU 913241] NR 46 TC 68 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 159 IS 10 BP 957 EP 962 DI 10.1001/archpedi.159.10.957 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 970PL UT WOS:000232322000008 PM 16203941 ER PT J AU Winthrop, KL Siegel, JN Jereb, J Taylor, Z Iademarco, MF AF Winthrop, KL Siegel, JN Jereb, J Taylor, Z Iademarco, MF TI Tuberculosis associated with therapy against tumor necrosis factor alpha SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Editorial Material ID EARLY RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; METHOTREXATE; INFLIXIMAB; ETANERCEPT; COMBINATION; MANAGEMENT; INHIBITORS; INFECTION; PLACEBO C1 US FDA, CDER, ODE VI, DTBIMP, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Siegel, JN (reprint author), US FDA, CDER, ODE VI, DTBIMP, HFD-108,5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. EM siegelj@cber.fda.gov NR 29 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 52 IS 10 BP 2968 EP 2974 DI 10.1002/art.21382 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 973UT UT WOS:000232548800003 PM 16200576 ER PT J AU Hutwagner, L Barson, JV AF Hutwagner, L Barson, JV TI Use of the early aberration reporting system (EARS) for detection of bioterrorism agent attacks SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hutwagner, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1001 EP 1002 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 970YE UT WOS:000232347500016 PM 16235888 ER PT J AU Yan, KX Liu, BC Shi, XL You, BR Xu, M AF Yan, KX Liu, BC Shi, XL You, BR Xu, M TI Role of cyclinD1 and CDK4 in the carcinogenesis induced by silica SO BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE CyclinD1; CDK4; antisense RNA; silica; carcinogenesis ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CELL-PROLIFERATION; D1 OVEREXPRESSION; BREAST-CANCER; FREE-RADICALS; LUNG-CANCER; EXPRESSION; ASSOCIATION; CYCLE; DNA AB Objective: To study the role of cyclinD1 and CDK4 in malignant transformation of human fetal lung diploid fibroblast cell line (2BS) induced by silica. Methods: Recombination vectors with sense and antisense pXJ41-cyclinDl and pXJ41-CDK4 were constructed, and then transfected into the malignant transformed cells induced by silica, respectively. At the same time, pXJ41-neo was used as the control. Results: During the progress of the malignant transformation of 2BS cells induced by silica, cyclinD1 and CDK4 were overexpressed. Antisense RNA suppressed cyclinD1 and CDK4 gene expression in the antisense pXJ41-cyclinDl and pXJ41-CDK4 transfected cells. Antisense RNA led to cell cycle arrest, resulting in lengthened G1 phase (the percentages of cells in the G1 phase changed from 45.1% to 52.7% and 58.0% for cyclinD1 and CDK4 transfected cells, respectively), and eventually attenuated the increase of the proliferation of malignant transformed cells induced by silica. Compared with malignant transformed cells induced by silica, cells transfected with antisense pXJ41-cyclinD1 and pXJ41-CDK4 showed obviously reduced growth rates. On the 8th day, the suppression rates were 58.69 and 77.43% (the growth rate of malignant transformed cells induced by silica was 100%), doubling time changed from 21.0 h to 31.4 h and 21.0 h to 42.7 h, respectively, the growth capacities on soft agar of cells transfected by antisense pXJ41-cyclinD1 and pXJ41-CDK4 decreased obviously. Conclusion: CyclinD1 and CDK4 play an important role in maintaining transformed phenotype of the cancer cells. C1 Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Hlth & Poisons Control, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Liu, BC (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Hlth & Poisons Control, 29 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM bcliu@263.net RI Shi, Xianglin/B-8588-2012 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE ACAD PREVENTIVE MEDICINE PI ORLANDO PA C/O ACADEMIC PRESS INC, 6277 SEA HARBOR DR, ORLANDO, FL 32887-4900 USA SN 0895-3988 J9 BIOMED ENVIRON SCI JI Biomed. Environ. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 18 IS 5 BP 286 EP 296 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 975GY UT WOS:000232650200002 PM 16370310 ER PT J AU Siffel, C Alverson, CJ Correa, A AF Siffel, C Alverson, CJ Correa, A TI Analysis of seasonal variation of birth defects in Atlanta SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; monthly rates; seasonality; Hewitt-Rogerson test; Walter-Elwood test AB BACKGROUND: Compared with analyses of temporal trends, analyses of seasonal variations in the prevalence of birth defects have been more limited and have provided less consistent information. Possible reasons for this lack of consistency in findings include differences in populations, underlying factors, seasons or climates, and methods of ascertainment and analysis between studies. This study examines possible seasonal variation in the prevalence of selected birth defects in a defined study Population using graphical displays and three statistical methods. METHODS: Cases were infants and fetal deaths in nine birth defect groups born to residents of mothers in five counties of metropolitan Atlanta during the period of 1978-2001 and ascertained by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program. These birth defect groups were anencephaly, spina bifida, total neural tube defects, cleft palate, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, anomalies of the pulmonary valve, anomalies of the aortic valve, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and congenital dislocation of the hip. We pooled monthly case counts and calculated monthly rates for each of these birth defect groups for five different birth periods: 1978-2001, 1978-1989, 1990-2001, 1990-1994, and 1995-2001. We applied the Cochran-Armitage test for trend to rule out homogeneity in pooled monthly rates. Data for each defect group were examined for possible seasonal (i.e., cyclical) variation overall and within the cited birth periods using the Hewitt-Rogerson test and the Walter-Elwood test. RESULTS: Graphical analyses of the pooled monthly rates showed no apparent seasonal patterns for any of the nine defect groups examined. Statistical tests for seasonality suggested possible seasonality for three defect groups: the Hewitt-Rogerson test was statistically significant for anencephaly (peak March-August, p=0.048), while the Walter-Elwood test was significant for anomalies of the pulmonary valve (peak September, p=0.02), and anomalies of the aortic valve (peak July, p=0.039). With both methods, the results appeared to be influenced by the choice of time (i.e., birth) period. Results for anomalies of the pulmonary valve were statistically significant and more consistent with all tests in most of the time periods examined. CONCLUSIONS: Graphical analyses and basic statistical tests for seasonality showed no consistent evidence of seasonality for any of the nine defect groups examined, except for anomalies of the pulmonary valve. The two basic statistical methods coupled by a trend test for exploring seasonal patterns of the prevalence of birth defects can be useful for preliminary analyses of possible seasonal patterns. However, these methods have some limitations: (1) an assumption of no strong temporal trend over the study years, and (2) the results can vary by time period chosen. For specific hypotheses regarding seasonality, a more robust analytical approach such as time-series analysis might be more appropriate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Siffel, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM csiffel@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 73 IS 10 BP 655 EP 662 DI 10.1002/bdra.20207 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 980OP UT WOS:000233028100004 PM 16240376 ER PT J AU Canfield, MA Collins, JS Botto, LD Williams, LJ Mai, CT Kirby, RS Pearson, K Devine, O Mulinare, J AF Canfield, MA Collins, JS Botto, LD Williams, LJ Mai, CT Kirby, RS Pearson, K Devine, O Mulinare, J CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Net TI Changes in the birth prevalence of selected birth defects after grain fortification with folic acid in the United States: Findings from a multi-state population-based study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND: Observational studies and clinical trials have suggested that periconceptional use of folic acid can reduce the risk of birth defects other than neural tube defects (NTDs). Using data reported by states to the National Birth Defects Prevention Network, we examined whether folic acid fortification might have decreased the prevalence of other specific birth defects. METHODS: For each of 16 birth defect categories selected for study, birth prevalence for two time periods was calculated with data submitted from a number of states in 1995-1996 ("pre- fortification") and 1999-2000 ("post-fortification"). Changes in birth prevalence between the two time periods were assessed by calculating prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each defect, and compared by maternal race/ethnicity and availability of prenatally diagnosed cases. RESULTS: We confirmed previously reported reductions in the birth prevalence of NTDs. In addition, we found modest, yet statistically significant, decreases in the birth prevalence for transposition of the great arteries (12%), cleft palate only (12%), pyloric stenosis (5%), upper limb reduction defects (11%), and omphalocele (21%). More substantial subgroup decreases were observed for renal agenesis among programs that conduct prenatal surveillance (28%), for common truncus among Hispanics (45%), and for upper limb reduction defects among Hispanics (44%). There were modest yet significant increases in the prevalence of obstructive genitourinary defects (12%) and Down syndrome (7%), but not among programs conducting prenatal surveillance for these defects. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest some modest benefit from the folic acid fortification on the prevalence of a number of non-NTD birth defects. C1 Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Greenwood Genet Ctr, JC Self Res Inst Human Genet, Greenwood, SC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nat Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Canfield, MA (reprint author), Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, 1100 W 49th St, Austin, TX 78756 USA. EM mark.canfield@dshs.state.tx.us NR 37 TC 124 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 73 IS 10 BP 679 EP 689 DI 10.1002/bdra.20210 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 980OP UT WOS:000233028100007 PM 16240378 ER PT J AU Wang, MC Bachrach, LK Van Loan, M Hudes, M Flegal, KM Crawford, PB AF Wang, MC Bachrach, LK Van Loan, M Hudes, M Flegal, KM Crawford, PB TI The relative contributions of lean tissue mass and fat mass to bone density in young women SO BONE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Congress of Nutrition CY OCT 27-31, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA DE fat mass; lean tissue mass; bone density; ethnically diverse; young women ID BODY-COMPOSITION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MINERAL DENSITY; FOREARM FRACTURES; PREPUBERTAL GIRLS; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; OBESE CHILDREN; MEN; DETERMINANTS; LEPTIN AB Although obesity is associated with increased risk of many chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer, there is little evidence to suggest that obesity increases risk of osteoporosis. In fact, both weight and body mass index (BMI) are positive predictors of bone mass in adults, suggesting that those who are overweight or obese may be at lower risk of osteoporosis. However, recent evidence suggests that in children and adolescents, obesity may be associated with lower rather than higher bone mass. To understand the relation of fat mass to bone mass, we examined data gathered from an ethnically diverse group of 921 young women, aged 20-25 years (3 17 African Americans, 154 Asians, 322 Caucasians, and 128 Latinas) to determine how fat mass (FM) as well as lean tissue mass (LTM) is associated with bone mass. Bone mass, FM, and LTM were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE Lunar Corp, Madison, WI). Bone mass was expressed as bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm(2)) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD; g/cm(3)) for the spine and femoral neck, and as BMD and bone mineral content (BMC; g) for the whole body. Regression techniques were used to examine the following: (1) in separate equations, the associations of LTM and FM with each bone mass parameter; and (2) in the same equation, the independent contributions of LTM and FM to bone mass. LTM and FM were positively correlated with BMD at all skeletal sites, When the contributions of FM and LTM were examined simultaneously, both FM and LTM continued to be positively associated with bone mass parameters but the effect of FM was noted to be smaller than that of LTM. We conclude that in young women, LTM has a greater effect than fat mass on bone density per kg of tissue mass. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Unit C, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Dept Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wang, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Unit C, 2180 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM maywang@berkeley.edu OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N0-HC 55023-26, UO1-HL48941-44]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD36590] NR 33 TC 139 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD OCT PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 474 EP 481 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2005.04.038 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 969VX UT WOS:000232264800006 PM 16040285 ER PT J AU Zurovac, D Ndhlovu, M Rowe, AK Hamer, DH Thea, DM Snow, RW AF Zurovac, D Ndhlovu, M Rowe, AK Hamer, DH Thea, DM Snow, RW TI Treatment of paediatric malaria during a period of drug transition to artemether-lumefantrine in Zambia: cross sectional study SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; OUTPATIENT HEALTH FACILITIES; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; CHILDREN; AFRICA; POLICY; CHLOROQUINE; AMODIAQUINE; ARTESUNATE; PREDICTORS AB Objective To evaluate treatment practices for uncomplicated malaria after the policy change from chloroquine to sulfadoxine-pyrimediamine and to artemether-lumefantrine in Zambia. Design Cross sectional survey. Setting Outpatient departments of all government and mission facilities in four districts in Zambia. Participants 944 children with uncomplicated malaria seen by 103 health workers at 94 health facilities. Main outcome measures Antimalarial prescriptions in accordance with national guidelines and influence of factors on health workers' decision to prescribe artemether-lumefantrine. Results Artemether-lumefantrine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and chloroquine were available, respectively, at 48 (51%), 94 (100%), and 71 (76%) of the 94 facilities. Of 944 children with uncomplicated malaria, only one child (0.1%) received chloroquine. Among children weighing less than 10 kg, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was commonly prescribed in accordance with guidelines (439/550, 79.8%). Among the children weighing 10 kg or more, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was commonly prescribed (266/394,68%), whereas recommended artemether-lumefantrine was prescribed for only 42/394 (11%) children. Among children weighing 10 kg or more seen at facilities where artemether-lumefantrine was available, the same pattern was observed: artemether-lumefantrine was prescribed for only 42/192 (22%) children and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine remained the drug of choice (103/192, 54%). Programmatic activities such as in-service training and provision of job aids did not seem to influence the prescribing of artemether-lumefantrine. Conclusion Although the use of chloroquine for uncomplicated malaria was succesfully discontinued in Zambia, the change of drug policy towards artemether-lumefantrine does not necessarily translate into adequate use of this drug at the point of care. C1 KEMRI Wellcome Trust Collaborat Programme, Ctr Geog Med, Malaria Publ Hlth & Epidemiol Grp, Nairobi, Kenya. Chainama Hills Coll Hosp Hlth Sci, Lusaka, Zambia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Zurovac, D (reprint author), KEMRI Wellcome Trust Collaborat Programme, Ctr Geog Med, Malaria Publ Hlth & Epidemiol Grp, POB 43640,00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. EM dzurovac@wtnairobi.mimcom.net FU Wellcome Trust [058992, ] NR 23 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 331 IS 7519 BP 734 EP 737 DI 10.1136/bmj.331.7519.734 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 971XB UT WOS:000232417100019 PM 16195289 ER PT J AU Coates, RJ Given, LS Lee, NC Colditz, G AF Coates, RJ Given, LS Lee, NC Colditz, G TI A collaborative, comprehensive approach to fulfilling the promise of cancer prevention and control SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harvard Ctr Canc Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Coates, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,NE K-52, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 SU 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1007/s10552-005-0489-x PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 990GP UT WOS:000233731500001 PM 16208569 ER PT J AU Given, LS Black, B Lowry, G Huang, P Kerner, JF AF Given, LS Black, B Lowry, G Huang, P Kerner, JF TI Collaborating to conquer cancer: a comprehensive approach to cancer control SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Comprehensive Approaches to Cancer Control CY SEP, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA DE comprehensive cancer control; cancer burden; national cancer partners AB Despite substantial contributions on the part of public, non-profit, and private sector organizations, the burden of cancer in the United States remains high. As public health organizations, particularly county, state, tribal, and territorial health departments, try to reduce the significant burden of cancer, they face additional issues that make it difficult to address cancer in a comprehensive way. These challenges along with the need to accelerate progress in reducing the U.S. cancer burden, prompted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and its national partners to begin to work together to further define and describe comprehensive cancer control (CCC) as an approach to reducing the burden of cancer. CCC is defined as "an integrated and coordinated approach to reducing cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality through prevention, early detection, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliation." This article describes the national effort to support comprehensive cancer control, outlines national and state level success in comprehensive cancer control, and provides a call to action to public, private, and non-profit organizations, governments of all levels, and individuals to renew their commitments to reducing the burden of cancer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Serv Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Serv Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Olympia, WA USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Hlth Promot Unit, Austin, TX USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Given, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Serv Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lgiven@cdc.gov OI Kerner, Jon/0000-0002-8792-3830 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 SU 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s10552-005-0499-8 PG 12 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 990GP UT WOS:000233731500002 PM 16208570 ER PT J AU Black, BL Cowens-Alvarado, R Gershman, S Weir, HK AF Black, BL Cowens-Alvarado, R Gershman, S Weir, HK TI Using data to motivate action: the need for high quality, an effective presentation, and an action context for decision-making SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Comprehensive Approaches to Cancer Control CY SEP, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA DE comprehensive cancer control; action context; outcomes; intervention ID CANCER AB Three common barriers to the effective use of data to inform decisions and motivate action for the planning of cancer control are (1) failure to recognize the availability of high-quality data, (2) not presenting the data in a compelling format, and (3) failing to place the data in a historical and action context. Overcoming these barriers will go a long way toward demonstrating that high-quality data can be used to accomplish the desired outcomes in a Comprehensive Cancer Control (CCC) program. The article identifies existing sources of high-quality data, provides examples of effective presentation, and discusses successes in using data for program planning and implementation. The paper is not meant to provide a comprehensive discussion of using data for decision making, instead providing options to help key CCC stakeholders improve the effectiveness of their decisions as CCC plans are developed and implemented. C1 Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Massachusetts Canc Registry, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Black, BL (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, 1599 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM bblack@cancer.org NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 SU 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10552-005-0457-5 PG 11 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 990GP UT WOS:000233731500003 PM 16208571 ER PT J AU Kerner, JF Guirguis-Blake, J Hennessy, KD Brounstein, PJ Vinson, C Schwartz, RH Myers, BA Briss, P AF Kerner, JF Guirguis-Blake, J Hennessy, KD Brounstein, PJ Vinson, C Schwartz, RH Myers, BA Briss, P TI Translating research into improved outcomes in comprehensive cancer control SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Comprehensive Approaches to Cancer Control CY SEP, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA DE dissemination; implementation; knowledge transfer; comprehensive cancer control ID PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; INTERVENTIONS; CHALLENGES; PROGRAM; CARE AB A key question in moving comprehensive cancer control (CCC) plans into action is, to what extent should the knowledge gained from investments in cancer prevention and control research influence the actions taken by states, tribes, and territories during implementation? Underlying this 'should' is the assumption that evidence-based approaches (i.e., a public health or clinical intervention or policy that has resulted in improved outcomes when scientifically tested), when implemented in a real-world setting, will increase the likelihood of improved outcomes. This article elucidates the barriers and opportunities for integrating science with practice across the cancer control continuum. However, given the scope of CCC and the substantial investment in generating new knowledge through science, it is difficult for any one agency, on its own, to make a sufficient investment to ensure new knowledge is translated and implemented at a national, state, or local level. Thus, if greater demand for evidence-based interventions and increased resources for adopting them are going to support the dissemination initiatives described herein, new interagency partnerships must be developed to ensure that sufficient means are dedicated to integrating science with service. Furthermore, for these collaborations to increase both in size and in frequency, agency leaders must clearly articulate their support for these collaborative initiatives and explicitly recognize those collaborative efforts that are successful. In this way, the whole (in this context, comprehensive cancer control) can become greater than the sum of its parts. C1 NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. Amer Canc Soc, Framingham, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kerner, JF (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, 6130 Execut Blvd,EPN 6144, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kernerj@mail.nih.gov OI Kerner, Jon/0000-0002-8792-3830 NR 30 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 SU 1 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s10552-005-0488-y PG 14 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 990GP UT WOS:000233731500004 PM 16208572 ER PT J AU Hayes, N Rollins, R Weinberg, A Brawley, O Baquet, C Kaur, JS Palafox, NA AF Hayes, N Rollins, R Weinberg, A Brawley, O Baquet, C Kaur, JS Palafox, NA TI Cancer-related disparities: weathering the perfect storm through comprehensive cancer control approaches SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Comprehensive Approaches to Cancer Control CY SEP, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA DE cancer-related disparities; comprehensive approaches to eliminate cancer-related disparities; health disparities in cancer; CCC to eliminate disparities ID PROGRAM; STATISTICS; SURVIVAL; RACE AB During the last two decades extraordinary progress in developing and using effective cancer prevention strategies, early detection interventions, and cancer treatments has been made. This progress has resulted in an overall decline in mortality rates for all cancers combined. Nonetheless, cancer is the second most common cause of death in the United States. Although cancer is a diagnosis that many survive, cancer experiences across populations may vary considerably. These differences in cancer experiences have created an unequal disease burden that presents distinct professional and moral challenges to our nation. Many cancer control plans suggest specific strategies that prioritize eliminating cancer-related disparities. This article describes certain cancer-related disparities in the United Sates and gives several examples of how communities and disenfranchised populations are using comprehensive cancer control (CCC) approaches to eliminate these disparities. One or two interventions are highlighted in each example. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hayes, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nhh1@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 SU 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s10552-005-0487-z PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 990GP UT WOS:000233731500005 PM 16208573 ER PT J AU Pollack, LA Greer, GE Rowland, JH Miller, A Doneski, D Coughlin, SS Stovall, E Ulman, D AF Pollack, LA Greer, GE Rowland, JH Miller, A Doneski, D Coughlin, SS Stovall, E Ulman, D TI Cancer survivorship: a new challenge in comprehensive cancer control SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Comprehensive Approaches to Cancer Control CY SEP, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA DE neoplasms/epidemiology; public health practice; quality of life; survivors ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SURVIVAL RATES; SOCIETY GUIDE; LUNG-CANCER; HEALTH; CARE; DIAGNOSIS; NUTRITION; MORTALITY; PROSTATE AB Cancer survivors are a growing population in the United States because of earlier cancer diagnosis, the aging of society, and more effective risk reduction and treatment. Concerns about the long-term physical, psychosocial, and economic effects of cancer treatment on cancer survivors and their families are increasingly being recognized and addressed by public, private, and non-profit organizations. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how survivorship fits within the framework of comprehensive cancer control. We summarize three national reports on cancer survivorship and highlight how various organizations and programs are striving to address the needs of cancer survivors through public health planning, including the challenges these groups face and the gaps in knowledge and available services. As cancer survivorship issues are being recognized, many organizations have objectives and programs to address concerns of those diagnosed with cancer. However, better coordination and dissemination may decrease overlap and increase the reach of efforts and there is limited evidence for the effectiveness and impact of these efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Off Canc Survivorship, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Coalit Canc Survivorship, Silver Spring, MD USA. Lance Armstrong Fdn, Austin, TX USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Pollack, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lpollack@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 SU 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s10552-005-0452-x PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 990GP UT WOS:000233731500006 PM 16208574 ER PT J AU Selig, WKD Jenkins, KL Reynolds, SL Benson, D Daven, M AF Selig, WKD Jenkins, KL Reynolds, SL Benson, D Daven, M TI Examining advocacy and comprehensive cancer control SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Comprehensive Approaches to Cancer Control CY SEP, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA DE advocacy; cancer; partners; policy AB The effectiveness of advocacy has been well documented and its use established as a common practice in furthering sound public health policy and practices. Efforts are underway to explain how advocacy has supported, shaped and influenced public policy concerning - and the growth and development of - comprehensive cancer control initiatives. The objective of this paper is to assess the history, current role and future of advocacy as a means of articulating the value of, and furthering, comprehensive cancer control practices. Comprehensive cancer control is approaching a critical moment in its development, and a unified approach is necessary to achieve common goals. A call to action for supporting and contributing to the success of a comprehensive approach to cancer control is more important today than it was 11 years ago. Advocacy is an essential strategy in that call to action. C1 Amer Canc Soc, Natl Govt Relat Dept, Washington, DC 20004 USA. Chron Dis Directors Assoc, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Selig, WKD (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Natl Govt Relat Dept, 901 E St NW,Suite 500, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM wselig@cancer.org NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 SU 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s10552-005-0485-1 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 990GP UT WOS:000233731500007 PM 16208575 ER PT J AU Rochester, P Chapel, T Black, B Bucher, J Housemann, R AF Rochester, P Chapel, T Black, B Bucher, J Housemann, R TI The evaluation of comprehensive cancer control efforts: useful techniques and unique requirements SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Comprehensive Approaches to Cancer Control CY SEP, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA DE cancer control; community planning; evaluation; stakeholders AB This article discusses evaluation of comprehensive cancer control efforts as developed in the United States by involved partners at all levels - community, regional, state, tribal, territorial, and national. Evaluation of comprehensive cancer control can concern the evaluation of a program, a plan or activities from a plan. In its development, it is grounded in both theory and practice, and the results are used in program development and implementation to document activities, inform decision making, and demonstrate accountability. Various types of evaluation have been shown to be important. Challenges to evaluating comprehensive cancer control include incorporating and working with a broad group of stakeholders; developing an agreed upon plan and evaluation, ensuring the necessary infrastructure for overseeing, facilitating, and disseminating results of evaluations; conceptualizing and communicating desired changes; and potentially implementing (and evaluating) programs at the community, regional, tribal, territorial, state, or national level. Using the CDC Framework for Evaluation, selected examples of state program evaluations are presented. These examples show the use of both process and outcome evaluations to illustrate programmatic improvement and the accomplishment of proposed objectives. As evaluation of comprehensive cancer control continues to be developed and results communicated, our ability to evaluate comprehensive cancer control programs increases and the growth of comprehensive cancer control efforts are encouraged. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Natl Home Off, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Penn Div, Hershey, PA USA. Amer Canc Soc, New England Div, Meriden, CT USA. RP Rochester, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS K-57,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM prochester@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 SU 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s10552-005-0510-4 PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 990GP UT WOS:000233731500008 PM 16208576 ER PT J AU True, S Kean, T Nolan, PA Haviland, ES Hohman, K AF True, S Kean, T Nolan, PA Haviland, ES Hohman, K TI In conclusion: the promise of comprehensive cancer control SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Comprehensive Approaches to Cancer Control CY SEP, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA DE cancer control successes; comprehensive cancer control AB The Promise of Comprehensive Cancer Control Operationally, comprehensive cancer control (CCC) brings together diverse experts and interested partners to review together the cancer experience of their community, to identify key areas in need of improvement, to develop collaborative approaches to address individual and system changes and strategies to meet the needs of the population, and to combine resources - fiscal, relational, and intellectual - to maximize positive outcomes. Specific positive outcomes related to CCC are as follows: Comprehensive cancer plans; A cadre of collaborating partners; Support for the continuum of cancer-related functions and needs; New opportunities to learn and build skills; Coordinated appeals for federal, state, and private resources; Combined strategies to address major system changes that individual programs could not hope to address on their own; and Greater impact than single programs or partners could accomplish alone. A number of factors can at times impede success: Sustainability; Resources; and Competition. Continuing the extraordinary progress of the past 5 years will fundamentally alter the trajectory of cancer and the burden of this disease in the United States. The readers are challenged to add their voices, skills, resources, perspectives, connections, and passion to this remarkable effort. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Strateg Hlth Concepts, Denver, CO USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Canc Prevent & Control Sect, Lansing, MI USA. RP True, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SMT7@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 SU 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s10552-005-0491-3 PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 990GP UT WOS:000233731500009 PM 16208577 ER PT J AU Holguin, F Folch, E Redd, SC Mannino, DA AF Holguin, F Folch, E Redd, SC Mannino, DA TI Comorbidity and mortality in COPD-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1979 to 2001 SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE COPD; comorbidity; in-hospital morality ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; AIRWAY-OBSTRUCTION; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DEATH AB Study objectives: COPD is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the United States, yet little is known about the prevalence of comorbid conditions and mortality in hospitalized patients with COPD. Design: From the National Hospital Discharge Survey,, 1979 to 2001, we evaluated whether or not COPD in adults >= 25 years old is associated with increased prevalence and in-hospital mortality of several comorbidities. Results: During 1979 to 2001, there were an estimated total of 47,404,700 hospital discharges (8.5% of all hospitalizations in adults > 25 years old) of patients with COPD; 37,540,374 discharges (79.2%) were made with COPD as a secondary diagnosis, and 9,864,278 discharges (20.8%) were made with COPD as the primary diagnosis. The prevalence and in-hospital mortality for pneumonia, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, thoracic malignancies, and respiratory failure were larger in hospital discharges with any mention of COPD. Conclusions: In a nationally, representative sample of hospitalizations, any, mention of COPD in the discharge diagnosis is associated with higher hospitalization prevalence and in-hospital mortality from other comorbidities. These results highlight the fact that the burden of disease associated with COPD is likely underestimated. C1 CDC, NCEH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Holguin, F (reprint author), CDC, NCEH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fch5@cdc.gov OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 19 TC 194 Z9 200 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 2005 VL 128 IS 4 BP 2005 EP 2011 DI 10.1378/chest.128.4.2005 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 975RK UT WOS:000232679400020 PM 16236848 ER PT J AU Henneberger, PK Olin, AC Andersson, E Hagberg, S Toren, K AF Henneberger, PK Olin, AC Andersson, E Hagberg, S Toren, K TI The incidence of respiratory symptoms and diseases among pulp mill workers with peak exposures to ozone and other irritant gases SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE asthma; irritant gases; occupation; ozone ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; EXHALED NITRIC-OXIDE; ADULT-ONSET ASTHMA; BLEACHERY WORKERS; LUNG-FUNCTION; GASSING INCIDENTS; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; AIR-QUALITY; ASSOCIATION; HEALTH AB Objectives: Pulp mills in Sweden started to use ozone as a bleaching agent in the early 1990s. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the incidence of selected respiratory outcomes was associated with peak exposures to ozone or other irritant gases (ie, chlorine dioxide [ClO2] or sulfur dioxide [SO2]) used in these mills. Methods: Bleachery workers (n = 245) from three pulp mills where ozone was used participated in surveys in the mid- to late-1990s. Comparison workers (n = 80) were from two adjacent paper mills. The person-time at risk was calculated for each participant, covering the period of employment when ozone was used. Data were collected by questionnaire, and a peak exposure was defined as a self-reported exposure to an irritant gas resulting in acute respiratory symptoms. The outcomes analyzed were self-reports of physician-diagnosed asthma, attacks of wheeze, and chronic bronchitis (ie, chronic cough with phlegm). Participants also reported when the peak exposures and outcomes occurred. Results: Based on proportional hazards regression (controlling for gender, age, cigarette smoking, atopy, and peak irritant exposures that occurred before follow-up), workers who reported both ozone and ClO2/SO2 peak exposures had elevated hazard ratios (HRs) for all three outcomes. Those who reported only ozone peak exposures had elevated HRs of 6.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 36.3) for asthma and 3.3 (95% CI, 1.1 to 10.2) for attacks of wheeze but no increase in risk for chronic bronchitis. Workers with only ClO2/SO2 peak exposures had elevated HRs for attacks of wheeze (HR, 7.5; 95% CI, 1.9 to 29.3) and chronic bronchitis (HR, 22.9; 95% CI, 4.5 to 118.2) but not for asthma. Conclusions: These findings suggest the need for additional efforts to prevent peak exposures in pulp-bleaching operations. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Environm & Occupat Med Sect, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sect Allergol, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Henneberger, PK (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, MS-H2800,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM pkh0@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 2005 VL 128 IS 4 BP 3028 EP 3037 DI 10.1378/chest.128.4.3028 PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 975RK UT WOS:000232679400155 PM 16236983 ER PT J AU Scott, JAG Mlacha, Z Nyiro, J Njenga, S Lewa, P Obiero, J Otieno, H Sampson, JS Carlone, GM AF Scott, JAG Mlacha, Z Nyiro, J Njenga, S Lewa, P Obiero, J Otieno, H Sampson, JS Carlone, GM TI Diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease among children in Kenya with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin G antibodies to pneumococcal surface adhesin A SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINARY ANTIGEN TEST; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; OTITIS-MEDIA; PROTEIN PSAA; CARRIAGE; IMMUNIZATION; PNEUMOLYSIN; TRIAL; MICE AB Diagnostic techniques for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children are insensitive and underestimate both the burden of disease and the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV). Consequently, there is little demand for the highly effective PCV outside the United States and Europe. In Kenya, diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults was achieved with a sensitivity of 0.70 and a specificity of 0.98 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) of paired plasma samples for immunoglobulin G (IgG) to pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA). We aimed to validate the same technique in children. We assayed paired blood samples from 98 children with IPD, 95 age-matched children with malaria/anemia, and 97 age-matched healthy controls by using an ELISA for anti-PsaA IgG. Sensitivity and specificity were determined in IPD patients and healthy controls. Specificity (0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 0.99) and sensitivity (0.42; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.52) were optimized at a 2.7-fold rise in anti-PsaA antibody concentration. Sensitivity was improved to a maximum of 0.50 by restricting testing to children of < 2 years old, by excluding IPD patients who were not sampled on the first day of presentation, and by incorporating high existing antibody concentrations in the analysis. Assay performance was independent of nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci at recruitment. This assay improves on existing diagnostic tools for IPD in children but would still leave over half of all cases undetected in epidemiological studies. Effective diagnosis of pneumococcal disease in children is urgently required but poorly served by existing technology. C1 Wellcome Trust KEMRI, Ctr Geog Med Res, Kilifi, Kenya. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Immunol Lab, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Scott, JAG (reprint author), Wellcome Trust KEMRI, Ctr Geog Med Res, POB 230, Kilifi, Kenya. EM ascott@ikilifi.net FU Wellcome Trust [081835, 061089] NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1195 EP 1201 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.10.1195-1201.2005 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 974CU UT WOS:000232569700010 PM 16210483 ER PT J AU Bieging, KT Rajam, G Holder, P Udoff, R Carlone, GA Romero-Steiner, S AF Bieging, KT Rajam, G Holder, P Udoff, R Carlone, GA Romero-Steiner, S TI Fluorescent multivalent opsonophagocytic assay for measurement of functional antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHILDREN; INFANTS; EFFICACY; DISEASE AB We developed fluorescent mono- and multivalent opsonophagocytic assays (fOPA and fmOPA, respectively) specific for seven Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F). Bacterial survival was quantitated with alamar blue, a fluorescent metabolic indicator. Both fOPA and fmOPA allow for determination of viability endpoints for up to seven serotypes with high levels of agreement to the reference method. The fmOPA eliminates colony counting, reduces serum volume, and produces results in 1 day. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Immunol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Romero-Steiner, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Immunol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, MS A-36,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Ssteiner@cdc.gov OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1238 EP 1242 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.10.1238-1242.2005 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 974CU UT WOS:000232569700017 PM 16210490 ER PT J AU Skogstrand, K Thorsen, P Norgaard-Pedersen, B Schendel, DE Sorensen, LC Hougaard, DM AF Skogstrand, K Thorsen, P Norgaard-Pedersen, B Schendel, DE Sorensen, LC Hougaard, DM TI Simultaneous measurement of 25 inflammatory markers and neurotrophins in neonatal dried blood spots by immunoassay with xMAP technology SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ASSAYS; WHITE-MATTER LESIONS; CEREBRAL-PALSY; PRETERM INFANTS; HUMAN CYTOKINES; PERIVENTRICULAR LEUKOMALACIA; CORD BLOOD; SERUM; NEWBORN; INTERLEUKIN-6 AB Background: Inflammatory reactions and other events in early life may be part of the etiology of late-onset diseases, including cerebral palsy, autism, and type I diabetes. Most neonatal screening programs for congenital disorders are based on analysis of dried blood spot samples (DBSS), and stored residual DBSS constitute a valuable resource for research into the etiology of these diseases. The small amount of blood available, however, limits the number of analytes that can be determined by traditional immunoassay methodologies. Methods: We used new multiplexed sandwich immunoassays based on flowmetric Luminex (R) xMAP technology to measure inflammatory markers and neutrophins in DBSS. Results: The high-capacity 25-plex multianalyte method measured 23 inflammatory and trophic cytokines, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), and C-reactive. protein in two 3.2-mm punches from DBSS. It also measured 26 cytokines and TREM-1 in serum. Standards Recovery in the 25-plex method were 90%-161% (mean, 105%). The low end of the working range for all 25 analytes covered concentrations found in DBSS from healthy newborns. Mean recovery of exogenous analytes added at physiologic concentrations in DBSS models was 174%, mean intra- and interassay CVs were 6.2% and 16%, respectively, and the mean correlation between added and measured analytes was r(2) = 0.91. In DBSS routinely collected on days 5-7 from 8 newborns with documented inflammatory reactions at birth, the method detected significantly changed concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. Measurements on DBSS stored at -24 degrees C for > 20 years showed that most cytokines are detectable in equal concentrations over time. Conclusions: The method can reliably measure 25 inflammatory markers and growth factors in DBSS. It has a large potential for high-capacity analysis of DBSS in epidemiologic case-control studies and, with further refinements, in neonatal screening. (c) 2005 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Aarhus, NANEA, Aarhus, Denmark. Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Aarhus, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Copenhagen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Hvidovre, Denmark. RP Hougaard, DM (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM dh@ssi.dk OI Skogstrand, Kristin/0000-0002-0026-3711 NR 62 TC 176 Z9 180 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 51 IS 10 BP 1854 EP 1866 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2005.052241 PG 13 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 968YE UT WOS:000232198600016 PM 16081507 ER PT J AU Baggett, HC Rhodes, JC Fridkin, SK Quinn, CP Hageman, JC Friedman, CR Dykewicz, CA Semenova, VA Romero-Steiner, S Elie, CM Jernigan, JA AF Baggett, HC Rhodes, JC Fridkin, SK Quinn, CP Hageman, JC Friedman, CR Dykewicz, CA Semenova, VA Romero-Steiner, S Elie, CM Jernigan, JA TI No evidence of a mild form of inhalational Bacillus anthracis infection during a bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax outbreak in Washington, DC, in 2001 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 24-27, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; ANTIBODIES; WORKERS AB Background. The mail-related dispersal of Bacillus anthracis spores in the Washington, D. C., area during October 2001 resulted in 5 confirmed cases of inhalational anthrax. We identified an additional 144 ill persons who were potentially exposed to aerosolized spores and whose symptoms were compatible with early inhalational anthrax but whose clinical course and nonserologic laboratory evaluation revealed no evidence for B. anthracis infection. We hypothesized that early antibiotic use could have decreased the sensitivity of diagnostic tests or that bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax may include mild disease. Methods. Eligible patients included those with illness compatible with early inhalational anthrax who had potential exposure to B. anthracis. Patient serum samples were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against B. anthracis protective antigen (PA) using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (sensitivity, 97.6%). Results. Of the 144 eligible patients, 66 (46%) had convalescent-phase serum samples available for testing; 29 (44%) worked in an area considered to pose a high risk of exposure to B. anthracis spores. Of the 37 patients who worked in areas that did not meet the definition of high-risk exposure, 23 (62%) worked in United States postal or other government facilities in which exposure was plausible but not documented. None of the 66 patients with convalescent-phase serum samples showed evidence of an anti-PA IgG serologic response to B. anthracis. Conclusions. These data suggest that a mild form of inhalational anthrax did not occur and that surveillance for moderate or severe illness was adequate to identify all inhalational anthrax cases resulting from the Washington, D.C., bioterrorism-related anthrax exposures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baggett, HC (reprint author), CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, MS-E03,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hbaggett@cdc.gov OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 7 BP 991 EP 997 DI 10.1086/432937 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 961WM UT WOS:000231692500010 PM 16142664 ER PT J AU Kuno, G Chang, GJJ AF Kuno, G Chang, GJJ TI Biological transmission of arboviruses: Reexamination of and new insights into components, mechanisms, and unique traits as well as their evolutionary trends SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS CELLS; SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN NSS AB Among animal viruses, arboviruses are unique in that they depend on arthropod vectors for transmission. Field research and laboratory investigations related to the three components of this unique mode of transmission, virus, vector, and vertebrate host, have produced an enormous amount of valuable information that may be found in numerous publications. However; despite many reviews on specific viruses, diseases, or interests, a systematic approach to organizing the available information on all facets of biological transmission and then to interpret it in the context of the evolutionary process has not been attempted before. Such an attempt in this review clearly demonstrates tremendous progress made worldwide to characterize the viruses, to comprehend disease transmission and pathogenesis, and to understand the biology of vectors and their role in transmission. The rapid progress in molecular biologic techniques also helped resolve many virologic puzzles and yielded highly valuable data hitherto unavailable, such as characterization of virus receptors, the genetic basis of vertebrate resistance to viral infection, and phylogenetic evidence of the history of host range shifts in arboviruses. However, glaring gaps in knowledge of many critical subjects, such as the mechanism of viral persistence and the existence of vertebrate reservoirs, are still evident. Furthermore, with the accumulated data, new questions were raised, such as evolutionary directions of virus virulence and of host range. Although many fundamental questions on the evolution of this unique mode of transmission remained unresolved in the absence of a fossil record, available observations for arboviruses and the information derived from studies in other fields of the biological sciences suggested convergent evolution as a plausible process. Overall, discussion of the diverse range of theories proposed and observations made by many investigators was found to be highly valuable for sorting out the possible mechanism (s) of the emergence of arboviral diseases. C1 CDC, Arboviral Dis BrNCH, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Kuno, G (reprint author), CDC, Arboviral Dis BrNCH, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM gok1@cdc.gov NR 359 TC 108 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 608 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.18.4.608-637.2005 PG 32 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 979SW UT WOS:000232966100002 PM 16223950 ER PT J AU Parola, P Paddock, CD Raoult, D AF Parola, P Paddock, CD Raoult, D TI Tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: Emerging diseases challenging old concepts SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SPOTTED-FEVER-GROUP; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RHIPICEPHALUS-SANGUINEUS TICKS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; MEMBRANE PROTEIN ROMPB; IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; THAI-MYANMAR BORDER; MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK; FRENCH-WEST-INDIES; REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA AB During most of the 20th cenury, the epidemiology, of tick-borne rickettsioses could be summarized as the occurrence of a single pathogenic rickettsia on each continent. An element of this paradigm suggested that the many other characterized and noncharacterized rickettsiae isolated from ticks were not pathogenic to humans. In this context, it was considered that relatively few tick-borne rickettsiae caused human disease. This concept was modified extensively from 1984 through 2005 by the identification of at least 11hitherto unavailable, such as characterization of virus receptors, the genetic basis of vertebrate resistance to viral infection, and phylogenetic evidence of the history of host range shifts in arboviruses. However, glaring gaps in knowledge of many critical subjects, such as the mechanism of viral persistence and the existence of vertebrate reservoirs, are still evident. Furthermore, with the accumulated data, new questions were raised, such as evolutionary directions of virus virulence and of host range. Although many fundamental questions on the evolution of this unique mode of transmission remained unresolved in the absence of a fossil record, available observations for arboviruses and the information derived from studies in other fields of the biological sciences suggested convergent evolution as a plausible process. Overall, discussion of the diverse range of theories proposed and observations made by many investigators was found to be highly valuable for sorting out the possible mechanism (s) of the emergence of arboviral diseases. additional rickettsial species or subspecies that cause tick-borne rickettsioses around the world. Of these agents, seven were initially isolated from ticks, often years or decades before a definitive association with human disease was established. We present here the tick-borne rickettsioses described through 2005 and focus on the epidemiological circumstances that have played a role in the emergence of the newly recognized diseases. C1 Univ Aix Marseille 2, Fac Med, CNRS, UMR 6020,Unite Rickettsies,IFR 48, F-13385 Marseille, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Raoult, D (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 2, Fac Med, CNRS, UMR 6020,Unite Rickettsies,IFR 48, 27 Bd Jean Moilin, F-13385 Marseille, France. EM Didier.Raoult@medecine.univ-mrs.fr NR 376 TC 476 Z9 508 U1 10 U2 31 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 EI 1098-6618 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 719 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.18.4.719-756.2005 PG 39 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 979SW UT WOS:000232966100007 PM 16223955 ER PT J AU Armour, TA Norris, SL Jack, L Zhang, X Fisher, L AF Armour, TA Norris, SL Jack, L Zhang, X Fisher, L TI The effectiveness of family interventions in people with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review SO DIABETIC MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE diabetes mellitus; family interventions; meta-analysis; systematic review ID INITIAL MANAGEMENT REGIMEN; BEHAVIOR-THERAPY; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SOCIAL SITUATION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; EDUCATION; SUPPORT AB Aims To conduct a systematic review of reports of published literature to assess which family interventions are effective in improving diabetes-related outcomes in people with diabetes and family members (blood or non-blood relatives) residing in their homes., Methods We searched computerized bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, WOS, ERIC, Cochrane, CDP, and SocAbs) for randomized clinical trials published in any language that evaluated the effectiveness of family-based interventions with no age restriction. Only studies focused on interventions in young populations (< 18 years) and involving a parent were combined in a meta-analysis for glycated haemoglobin (GHb) using DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. Effect sizes for knowledge outcomes were estimated using the Cohen's d (standardized mean differences) formula. Results Our searches identified 19 randomized controlled trials. Positive effect sizes of family interventions on knowledge for five studies (N = 217) were demonstrated {0.94 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67,1.82]). A beneficial effect of interventions on GHb for eight studies (N = 505) was also observed using meta-analysis [-0.6 (95% CI-1.2,-0.1)]. Conclusions Evidence suggests that family interventions in family or household members of people with diabetes may be effective in improving diabetes-related knowledge and glycaemic control. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Family & Community Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Armour, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tha1@cdc.gov OI Horsley, Tanya/0000-0002-1256-9582 NR 46 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0742-3071 J9 DIABETIC MED JI Diabetic Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1295 EP 1305 DI 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01618.x PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 970JN UT WOS:000232304100002 PM 16176186 ER PT J AU Aubin, JT Azebi, S Balish, A Banks, J Bhat, N Bright, RA Brown, I Buchy, P Burguiere, AM Chen, HI Cheng, P Cox, NJ Crosier, A Curns, A Cuvelier, F Deng, GH Desheva, J Desvaux, S Diep, NH Donis, RO Douglas, A Dowell, SF Dung, NT Edwards, L Fukuda, K Garten, R Govorkova, E Gregory, V Hampson, A Hanh, NTH Harper, S Hay, A Hoffmann, E Hulse, D Imai, M Itamura, S Jadhao, S Jeannin, P Kang, C Katz, J Kim, JH Klimov, A Kwon, YK Lee, CW Lien, PS Li, YB Lim, W Lin, YP Lindstom, S Loftin, L Mabry, J Mai, LQ Maines, T Manuguerra, JC Mase, M Matsuoka, Y McCarron, M Medina, MJ Nguyen, D Ninomiya, A Obuchi, M Odagiri, T Peiris, M Perdue, ML Reynes, JM Robertson, J Rousseaux, C Saito, T Sangkitporn, S Shaw, M Simmerman, JM Slomka, M Smith, C Sorn, S Spackman, E Stohr, K Suarez, DL Sung, HW Swayne, DE Tardy-Panit, M Tashiro, M Thawatsupha, P Tumpey, T Uyeki, T Van Tu, P van der Werf, S Vong, S Webby, R Webster, R Wood, J Xu, XY Yi, G Zhang, WQ AF Aubin, JT Azebi, S Balish, A Banks, J Bhat, N Bright, RA Brown, I Buchy, P Burguiere, AM Chen, HI Cheng, P Cox, NJ Crosier, A Curns, A Cuvelier, F Deng, GH Desheva, J Desvaux, S Diep, NH Donis, RO Douglas, A Dowell, SF Dung, NT Edwards, L Fukuda, K Garten, R Govorkova, E Gregory, V Hampson, A Hanh, NTH Harper, S Hay, A Hoffmann, E Hulse, D Imai, M Itamura, S Jadhao, S Jeannin, P Kang, C Katz, J Kim, JH Klimov, A Kwon, YK Lee, CW Lien, PS Li, YB Lim, W Lin, YP Lindstom, S Loftin, L Mabry, J Mai, LQ Maines, T Manuguerra, JC Mase, M Matsuoka, Y McCarron, M Medina, MJ Nguyen, D Ninomiya, A Obuchi, M Odagiri, T Peiris, M Perdue, ML Reynes, JM Robertson, J Rousseaux, C Saito, T Sangkitporn, S Shaw, M Simmerman, JM Slomka, M Smith, C Sorn, S Spackman, E Stohr, K Suarez, DL Sung, HW Swayne, DE Tardy-Panit, M Tashiro, M Thawatsupha, P Tumpey, T Uyeki, T Van Tu, P van der Werf, S Vong, S Webby, R Webster, R Wood, J Xu, XY Yi, G Zhang, WQ CA World Hlth Org Global Influenza Pr TI Evolution of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in Asia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; REVERSE GENETICS; 8 PLASMIDS; HEMAGGLUTININ; GENERATION; VACCINES; SYSTEM; TRANSMISSION; OSELTAMIVIR; RESCUE AB An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) has recently spread to poultry in 9 Asian countries. H5N1 infections have caused >= 52 human deaths in Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia from January 2004 to April 2005. Genomic analyses of H5N1 isolates from birds and humans showed 2 distinct clades with a nonoverlapping geographic distribution. All the viral genes were of avian influenza origin, which indicates absence of reassortment with human influenza viruses. All human H5N1 isolates tested belonged to a single clade and were resistant to the adamantane drugs but sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors. Most H5N1 isolates from humans were antigenically homogeneous and distinct from avian viruses circulating before the end of 2003. Some 2005 isolates showed evidence of antigenic drift. An updated nonpathogenic H5N1 reference virus, lacking the polybasic cleavage site in the hemagglutinin gene, was produced by reverse genetics in anticipation of the possible need to vaccinate humans. C1 WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Donis, RO (reprint author), NCID, Influenza Branch, DVRD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop G16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rdonis@cdc.gov RI Brown, Ian/E-1119-2011; Slomka, Marek/D-8012-2011; Reynes, Jean-Marc/M-6108-2014; Desheva, Yulia/I-1493-2013 OI Desheva, Yulia/0000-0001-9794-3520 NR 39 TC 259 Z9 275 U1 1 U2 22 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1515 EP 1521 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 968VW UT WOS:000232192000003 ER PT J AU Muwonge, A Nanyunja, M Rota, PA Bwogi, J Lowe, L Liffick, SL Bellini, WJ Sylvester, S AF Muwonge, A Nanyunja, M Rota, PA Bwogi, J Lowe, L Liffick, SL Bellini, WJ Sylvester, S TI New measles genotype, Uganda SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; WEST-AFRICA; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION AB We report the first genetic characterization of wildtype measles viruses from Uganda. Thirty-six virus isolates from outbreaks in 6 districts were analyzed from 2000 to 2002. Analyses of sequences of the nucleoprotein (N) and hemagglutinin (H) genes showed that the Ugandan isolates were all closely related, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these viruses were members of a unique group within clade D. Sequences of the Ugandan viruses were not closely related to any of the World Health Organization reference sequences representing the 22 currently recognized genotypes. The minimum nucleotide divergence between the Ugandan viruses and the most closely related reference strain, genotype D2, was 3.1% for the N gene and 2.6% for the H gene. Therefore, Ugandan viruses should be considered a new, proposed genotype (d10). This new sequence information will expand the utility of molecular epidemiologic techniques for describing measles transmission patterns in eastern Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. WHO, Kampala, Uganda. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM prota@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1522 EP 1526 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 968VW UT WOS:000232192000004 PM 16318690 ER PT J AU Barr, JR Moura, H Boyer, AE Woolfitt, AR Kalb, SR Pavlopoulos, A McWilliams, LG Schmidt, JG Martinez, RA Ashley, DL AF Barr, JR Moura, H Boyer, AE Woolfitt, AR Kalb, SR Pavlopoulos, A McWilliams, LG Schmidt, JG Martinez, RA Ashley, DL TI Botulinum neurotoxin detection and differentiation by mass spectrometry SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; B NEUROTOXIN; IN-VITRO; ENDOPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY; MOUSE BIOASSAY; SEROTYPE-B; SUBSTRATE; TOXIN; FOODS AB Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are proteases that cleave specific cellular proteins essential for neurotransmitter release. Seven BoNT serotypes (A-G) exist-, 4 usually cause human botulism (A, B, E, and F). We developed a rapid, mass spectrometry-based method (Endopep-MS) to detect and differentiate active BoNTs A, B, E, and F. This method uses the highly specific protease activity of the toxins with target peptides specific for each toxin serotype. The product peptides derived from the endopeptidase activities of BoNTs are detected by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In buffer, this method can detect toxin equivalents of as little as 0.01 mouse lethal dose (MLD)(50) and concentrations as low as 0.62 MLD50/mL. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying active toxin, where the amount of toxin can be correlated to the amount of product peptides, is also described. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov OI Schmidt, Jurgen/0000-0002-8192-9940 NR 17 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 10 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1578 EP 1583 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 968VW UT WOS:000232192000013 PM 16318699 ER PT J AU Harcourt, BH Lowe, L Tamin, A Liu, X Bankamp, B Bowden, N Rollin, PE Comer, JA Ksiazek, TG Hossain, MJ Gurley, ES Breiman, RF Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Harcourt, BH Lowe, L Tamin, A Liu, X Bankamp, B Bowden, N Rollin, PE Comer, JA Ksiazek, TG Hossain, MJ Gurley, ES Breiman, RF Bellini, WJ Rota, PA TI Genetic characterization of Nipah virus, Bangladesh, 2004 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FLYING-FOXES; IDENTIFICATION; PARAMYXOVIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS; MALAYSIA; DOMAINS AB Until 2004, identification of Nipah virus (NV)-like outbreaks in Bangladesh was based on serology. We describe the genetic characterization of a new strain of NV isolated during outbreaks in Bangladesh (NV-B) in 2004, which confirms that NV was the etiologic agent responsible for these outbreaks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ICDDR B, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop C22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM prota@cdc.gov RI Gurley, Emily/B-7903-2010 OI Gurley, Emily/0000-0002-8648-9403 NR 16 TC 107 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 9 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1594 EP 1597 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 968VW UT WOS:000232192000016 PM 16318702 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Laosiritaworn, Y Pattanasin, S Prapasiri, P Dowell, SF AF Olsen, SJ Laosiritaworn, Y Pattanasin, S Prapasiri, P Dowell, SF TI Poultry-handling practices during avian influenza outbreak, Thailand SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A H5N1; HONG-KONG; INFECTION; RISK AB With poultry outbreaks of avian influenza H5N1 continuing in Thailand, preventing human infection remains a priority. We surveyed residents of rural Thailand regarding avian influenza knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Results suggest that public education campaigns have been effective in reaching those at greatest risk, although some high-risk behavior continues. C1 Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Amer Embassy, CDC, Box 68, APO, AP 96546 USA. EM SOlsen@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1601 EP 1603 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 968VW UT WOS:000232192000018 PM 16318704 ER PT J AU Massung, RF Courtney, JW Hiratzka, SL Pitzer, VE Smith, G Dryden, RL AF Massung, RF Courtney, JW Hiratzka, SL Pitzer, VE Smith, G Dryden, RL TI Anaplasma phagocytophilum in white-tailed deer SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; AGENT; CONNECTICUT; WISCONSIN; INFECTION; MOUSE; MODEL AB We examined the reservoir potential of white-tailed deer for Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Results suggest that white-tailed deer harbor a variant strain not associated with human infection, but contrary to published reports, white-tailed deer are not a reservoir for strains that cause human disease. These results will affect surveillance studies of vector and reservoir populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington & Jefferson Coll, Washington, PA USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfm2@cdc.gov OI Pitzer, Virginia/0000-0003-1015-2289 NR 13 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1604 EP 1606 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 968VW UT WOS:000232192000019 PM 16318705 ER PT J AU Hannah, EL Angulo, FJ Johnson, JR Haddadin, B Williamson, J Samore, MH AF Hannah, EL Angulo, FJ Johnson, JR Haddadin, B Williamson, J Samore, MH TI Drug-resistant Escherichia coli, rural Idaho SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; HEALTH CONSEQUENCES; VETERINARY USE; BACTERIA; EMERGENCE; ANIMALS; POULTRY; HUMANS AB Stool carriage of drug-resistant Escherichia coli in home-living residents of a rural community was examined. Carriage of nalidixic acid-resistant E coli was associated with recent use of antimicrobial agents in the household. Household clustering of drug-resistant E. coli was observed. Most carriers of drug-resistant E. coli lacked conventional risk factors. C1 Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Vet Adm Salt Lake City, Hlth Care Syst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Hannah, EL (reprint author), 30 North 1900 East,Room AC230A, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM lee.hannah@safelink.net FU DRS NIH HHS [RS1 CCR820631] NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1614 EP 1617 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 968VW UT WOS:000232192000022 PM 16318708 ER PT J AU Huhn, GD Gross, C Schnurr, D Preas, C Yagi, S Reagan, S Paddock, C Passaro, D Dworkin, MS AF Huhn, GD Gross, C Schnurr, D Preas, C Yagi, S Reagan, S Paddock, C Passaro, D Dworkin, MS TI Myocarditis outbreak among adults, Illinois 2003 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY; CARDIOMYOPATHY; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN AB An outbreak of myocarditis occurred among adults in Illinois in 2003. Diagnostic testing of myocardial tissues from 3 patients and comprehensive tests for enterovirus and adenovirus of other specimens from patients were inconclusive. Appropriate specimen collection from patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy and further enhancement of diagnostic techniques are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Kane Cty Hlth Dept, Aurora, IL USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Huhn, GD (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 600 S Paulina St,Suite 140 ACFAC, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM Gregory_Huhn@rush.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1621 EP 1624 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 968VW UT WOS:000232192000024 PM 16318710 ER PT J AU Panella, NA Burkhalter, KL Langevin, SA Brault, AC Schooley, LM Biggerstaff, BJ Nasci, RS Komar, N AF Panella, NA Burkhalter, KL Langevin, SA Brault, AC Schooley, LM Biggerstaff, BJ Nasci, RS Komar, N TI Rapid West Nile virus antigen detection SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD-COLLECTED MOSQUITOS; UNITED-STATES; ASSAY; BIRDS AB We compared the VecTest WNV antigen assay with standard methods of West Nile virus (WNV) detection in swabs from American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). The VecTest detected WNV more frequently than the plaque assay and was comparable to a TaqMan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Panella, NA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM nap4@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1633 EP 1635 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 968VW UT WOS:000232192000027 PM 16318713 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Of tidal waves and human frailty SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1653 EP 1654 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 968VW UT WOS:000232192000039 PM 16355513 ER PT J AU Fenske, RA Bradman, A Whyatt, RM Wolff, MS Barr, DB AF Fenske, RA Bradman, A Whyatt, RM Wolff, MS Barr, DB TI Lessons learned for the assessment of children's pesticide exposure: Critical sampling and analytical issues for future studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE children; exposure; GPS; organophosphates; pesticides ID CONTEMPORARY-USE PESTICIDES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; WASHINGTON-STATE; URINE SAMPLES; POTENTIAL BIOMARKER; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; METABOLITE LEVELS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; URBAN AB In this article we examine sampling strategies and analytical methods used in a series of recent studies of children's exposure to pesticides that may prove useful in the design and implementation of the National Children's Study. We focus primarily on the experiences of four of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/ Children's Centers and include University of Washington studies that predated these centers. These studies have measured maternal exposures, perinatal exposures, infant and toddler exposures, and exposure among young children through biologic monitoring, personal sampling, and environmental monitoring. Biologic monitoring appears to be the best available method for assessment of children's exposure to pesticides, with some limitations. It is likely that a combination of biomarkers, environmental measurements, and questionnaires will be needed after careful consideration of the specific hypotheses posed by investigators and the limitations of each exposure metric. The value of environmental measurements, such as surface and toy wipes and indoor air or house dust samples, deserves further investigation. Emphasis on personal rather than environmental sampling in conjunction with urine or blood sampling is likely to be most effective at classifying exposure. For infants and young children, ease of urine collection (possible for extended periods of time) may make these samples the best available approach to capturing exposure variability of nonpersistent pesticides; additional validation studies are needed. Saliva measurements of pesticides, if feasible, would overcome the limitations of urinary metabolite-based exposure analysis. Global positioning system technology appears promising in the delineation of children's time-location patterns. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fenske, RA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Box 357234, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rfenske@u.washington.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES009584, ES009600, ES009601, ES009605, P01 ES009584, P01 ES009600, P01 ES009601, P01 ES009605]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U07/CCU012926] NR 47 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 15 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 113 IS 10 BP 1455 EP 1462 DI 10.1289/ehp.7674 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 970GF UT WOS:000232292600057 PM 16203262 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Needham, LL AF Barr, DB Needham, LL TI Missing link: Barr and Needham respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID HERBICIDES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 113 IS 10 BP A652 EP A653 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 970GF UT WOS:000232292600004 ER PT J AU Dayan, GH Panero, MS Urquiza, A Molina, M Prieto, S Perego, MD Scagliotti, G Galimberti, D Carroli, G Wolff, C Bi, D Bellini, W Icenogle, J Reef, S AF Dayan, GH Panero, MS Urquiza, A Molina, M Prieto, S Perego, MD Scagliotti, G Galimberti, D Carroli, G Wolff, C Bi, D Bellini, W Icenogle, J Reef, S TI Rubella and measles seroprevalence among women of childbearing age, Argentina, 2002 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION; POPULATION; VIRUS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBODIES; PROGRAMS; IMMUNITY AB To assess rubella and measles susceptibility among women of childbearing age we conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study in four cities and one rural area in Argentina. A convenience sample of women aged 15-49 years seeking care in public health-care institutions was selected (n = 2804). Serum specimens were tested for rubella and measles IgG antibody titres. The overall susceptibility to rubella and measles was 8(.)8 and 12(.)5% respectively. Seroprevalence differences were found for both rubella (P < 0(.)001) and measles (P = 0(.)002) across sites. Rubella seroprevalence was higher in women aged >= 40 years than in younger women (P = 0(.)04). Measles seroprevalence tended to increase with age (P < 0(.)001). Approximately 15% of women aged 15-29 years were not immune to measles. No risk factors were associated with rubella seronegativity; however, age (P < 0(.)001) and having less than four pregnancies (P < 0(.)001) were factors associated with measles seronegativity. Our findings support the introduction of supplemental immunization activities targeting adolescents and young adults to prevent congenital rubella syndrome and measles outbreaks over time. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Vigi A Program, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Direct Primary Care, Salta, Argentina. Lagomaggiore Hosp, Mendoza, Argentina. Scaravelli Hosp, Mendoza, Argentina. Sarda Matern Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Pirovano Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Alvarez Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Martin Matern Hosp, Rosario, Argentina. Minist Hlth, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dayan, GH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gdayan@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 861 EP 869 DI 10.1017/S0950268805004437 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 974HH UT WOS:000232581600012 PM 16181506 ER PT J AU Gessner, BD Castrodale, L Soriano-Gabarro, M AF Gessner, BD Castrodale, L Soriano-Gabarro, M TI Aetiologies and risk factors for neonatal sepsis and pneumonia mortality among Alaskan infants SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCUS; EARLY-ONSET SEPSIS; INTRAPARTUM ANTIBIOTICS; DISEASE; INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTION; AMPICILLIN; ORGANISMS; ATLANTA AB We evaluated all fatal neonatal sepsis and pneumonia cases occurring in Alaska during 1992-2000. Risk factors were evaluated using a database of all births occurring during the study period. Of 32 cases, group B streptococcus (GBS) was isolated from 21% (all < 7 days of age), Candida spp. from 19% (all > 7 days of age), non-GBS Gram-positive bacteria from 50% (53% < 7 days of age), and Gram-negative infections from 38% (58% < 7 days of age). Infants born at < 37 weeks gestation accounted for 72% of cases and had an increased risk of GBS [rate ratio (RR) 9(.)1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2(.)0-41] and non-GBS (RR 40, 95% CI 16-101) disease. Neonatal sepsis mortality has become an outcome concentrated among pre-term infants. Aetiologies include GBS during the early neonatal period, Candida spp. during the late neonatal period, and other bacteria during both periods. C1 Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gessner, BD (reprint author), Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, POB 240249,3601 C St, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. EM Brad_Gessner@health.state.ak.us FU PHS HHS [H18 MC-00004-11] NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 877 EP 881 DI 10.1017/S0950268805004449 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 974HH UT WOS:000232581600014 PM 16181508 ER PT J AU Beghi, E Berg, A Carpio, A Forsgren, L Hesdorffer, DC Hauser, WA Malmgren, K Shinnar, S Temkin, N Thurman, D Tomson, T AF Beghi, E Berg, A Carpio, A Forsgren, L Hesdorffer, DC Hauser, WA Malmgren, K Shinnar, S Temkin, N Thurman, D Tomson, T TI Comment on epileptic seizures and epilepsy: Definitions proposed by the international league against epilepsy (ILAE) and the international bureau for epilepsy (IBE) SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Letter ID 1ST UNPROVOKED SEIZURE; CHILDREN C1 Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Milan, Italy. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador. Umea Univ, Umea, Sweden. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Beghi, E (reprint author), Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Milan, Italy. NR 7 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD OCT PY 2005 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1698 EP 1699 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.00273_1.x PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 966FP UT WOS:000232005800023 PM 16190948 ER PT J AU Halperin, T Yavzori, M Amitai, A Klement, E Kayouf, R Grotto, I Huerta, M Hadley, LA Monroe, SS Cohen, D Orr, N AF Halperin, T Yavzori, M Amitai, A Klement, E Kayouf, R Grotto, I Huerta, M Hadley, LA Monroe, SS Cohen, D Orr, N TI Molecular analysis of noroviruses involved in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in military units in Israel, 1999-2004 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; TRANSMISSION; STRAIN; GENES AB The study presented here was conducted to determine the genetic properties of noroviruses (NoVs) identified between 1999 and 2004 in army recruits with acute gastroenteritis. Partial sequence analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene revealed the presence of two major sub-genogroups, all of which were related to genogroup II of NoV. Serological analysis using recombinant antigens confirmed this observation. Local strains associated with a 1999 outbreak were closely related to GII-6 strains, while those identified later were very closely related to GII-4 strains. GII-4 strains were also associated with an outbreak in civilian nursing homes in Israel in 2002 and samples from this outbreak were included in this study for comparison. This is the first report describing the molecular properties of NoV strains associated with diarrhea-related morbidity in Israel. C1 Israel Def Forces Med Corps, Ctr Vaccine Dev & Evaluat, Tel Hashomer, Israel. Minist Hlth, Tel Aviv Dist Hlth Off, Tel Aviv, Israel. Israel Def Forces Med Corps, Army Hlth Branch, Tel Hashomer, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Halperin, T (reprint author), Israel Def Forces Med Corps, Ctr Vaccine Dev & Evaluat, MPO Box 02149 IDF, Tel Hashomer, Israel. EM tamarh@bechora.co.il RI Grotto, Itamar/F-2028-2012; OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 24 IS 10 BP 697 EP 700 DI 10.1007/s10096-005-0002-1 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 985QI UT WOS:000233392600010 PM 16231127 ER PT J AU Gissler, M Berg, C Bouvier-Colle, MH Buekens, P AF Gissler, M Berg, C Bouvier-Colle, MH Buekens, P TI Injury deaths, suicides and homicides associated with pregnancy, Finland 1987-2000 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE birth; external cause of death; induced abortion; register linkage study; spontaneous abortion ID INDUCED-ABORTION; VIOLENT DEATHS; DATA QUALITY; MORTALITY; REGISTER; LINKAGE AB Background: Only few studies have been carried out on the relationship between pregnancy and deaths from external causes. Methods: Information on deaths from external causes among women aged 15 - 49 years in Finland in 1987 - 2000 ( n= 5299) was linked to three national health registers to identify pregnancy- associated deaths ( n= 212). Results: The mortality rate for women during pregnancy and within 1 year of pregnancy termination from external causes was lower than mortality from external causes among non- pregnant women ( relative risk 0.79; 95% confidence interval 0.69 - 0.91). Owing to elevated suicide and homicide rates, however, an increased risk was observed for women after abortions, especially in the age group of 15 - 24 years. Conclusions: The low rate of deaths from external causes suggests the protective effect of childbirth, but the elevated risk after a terminated pregnancy needs to be recognized in the provision of health care and social services. C1 Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth, STAKES, Informat Div, Helsinki 00531, Finland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. INSERM, U149, Epidemiol Res Unit Perinatal & Women Hlth, Paris, France. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Gissler, M (reprint author), Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth, STAKES, Informat Div, POB 220, Helsinki 00531, Finland. EM mika.gissler@stakes.fi NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1101-1262 J9 EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Eur. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 459 EP 463 DI 10.1093/eurpub/cki042 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 974MH UT WOS:000232595200007 PM 16051655 ER PT J AU Wilson, RS Scherr, PA Bienias, JL AF Wilson, RS Scherr, PA Bienias, JL TI Socioeconomic characteristics of the community in childhood and cognition in old age SO EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INCIDENT ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RISK; POPULATION; EDUCATION; DECLINE; ASSOCIATION; PRONENESS; DISTRESS; HEALTH AB We examined the relation of early life socioeconomic circumstances to cognition in older residents of a biracial urban community. Participants had brief cognitive testing three times at approximately 3-year intervals. At baseline, information about early life household and county socioeconomic level was collected. In mixed-effects models adjusted for age, sex, race, and education, both early life household and county socioeconomic levels were positively associated with baseline level of cognition but unrelated to cognitive decline. The results suggest that socioeconomic conditions in early life are associated with level of cognitive function in old age but not with rate of cognitive decline. C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Armour Acad Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Inst Hlth Aging, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Wilson, RS (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Armour Acad Ctr, 600S Paulina,Suite 1038, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM rwilson@rush.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10161, AG11101]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES10902] NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-073X J9 EXP AGING RES JI Exp. Aging Res. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 393 EP 407 DI 10.1080/03610730500206683 PG 15 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology GA 961UV UT WOS:000231688200002 PM 16147459 ER PT J AU Seeff, LC Tangka, FKL AF Seeff, LC Tangka, FKL TI Can we predict the outcomes of national colorectal cancer screening and can predictions help us plan? SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ENDOSCOPIC CAPACITY; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; POPULATION; GUIDELINES; UPDATE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Seeff, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lvs3@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 129 IS 4 BP 1339 EP 1342 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.048 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 974IX UT WOS:000232586000021 PM 16230085 ER PT J AU Chen, B O'Connell, CD Boone, DJ Amos, JA Beck, JC Chan, MM Farkas, DH Lebo, RV Richards, CS Roa, BB Silverman, LM Barton, DE Bejjani, BA Belloni, DR Bernacki, SH Caggana, M Charache, P Dequeker, E Ferreira-Gonzalez, A Friedman, KJ Greene, CL Grody, WW Highsmith, WE Hinkel, CS Kalman, LV Lubin, IM Lyon, E Payne, DA Pratt, VM Rohlfs, E Rundell, CA Schneider, E Willey, AM Williams, LO Willey, JC Winn-Deen, ES Wolff, DJ AF Chen, B O'Connell, CD Boone, DJ Amos, JA Beck, JC Chan, MM Farkas, DH Lebo, RV Richards, CS Roa, BB Silverman, LM Barton, DE Bejjani, BA Belloni, DR Bernacki, SH Caggana, M Charache, P Dequeker, E Ferreira-Gonzalez, A Friedman, KJ Greene, CL Grody, WW Highsmith, WE Hinkel, CS Kalman, LV Lubin, IM Lyon, E Payne, DA Pratt, VM Rohlfs, E Rundell, CA Schneider, E Willey, AM Williams, LO Willey, JC Winn-Deen, ES Wolff, DJ TI Developing a sustainable process to provide quality control materials for genetic testing SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE genetic testing; quality assurance; quality control; quality control materials; reference materials ID PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; RECOMMENDATIONS; ASSURANCE; SAMPLES AB Purpose: To provide a summary of the outcomes of two working conferences organized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to develop recommendations for practical, sustainable mechanisms to make quality control (QC) materials available to the genetic testing community. Methods: Participants were selected to include experts in genetic testing and molecular diagnostics from professional organizations, government agencies, industry, laboratories, academic institutions, cell repositories, and proficiency testing (PT)/external Quality Assessment (EQA) programs. Current efforts to develop QC materials for genetic tests were reviewed; key issues and areas of need were identified; and workgroups were formed to address each area of need and to formulate recommendations and next steps. Results: Recommendations were developed toward establishing a sustainable process to improve the availability of appropriate QC materials for genetic testing, with an emphasis on molecular genetic testing as an initial step. Conclusions: Improving the availability of appropriate QC materials is of critical importance for assuring the quality of genetic testing, enhancing performance evaluation and PT/EQA programs, and facilitating new test development. To meet the needs of the rapidly expanding capacity of genetic testing in clinical and public health settings, a comprehensive, coordinated program should be developed. A Genetic Testing Quality Control Materials Program has therefore been established by CDC in March 2005 to serve these needs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chen, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop G-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Highsmith, William/B-6175-2008; Barton, David/B-9460-2008; OI Barton, David E/0000-0002-2031-9719 NR 38 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 7 IS 8 BP 534 EP 549 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000183043.94406.81 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 979WB UT WOS:000232974600003 PM 16247292 ER PT J AU Plowden, J AF Plowden, J TI Impaired antigen-induced CD8+T cell clonal expansion in aging is due to defects in antigen presenting cell function SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 SI 2 BP 50 EP 50 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 988QF UT WOS:000233615000131 ER PT J AU McCann, J Hebert, L Bienias, J Evans, D Scherr, P AF McCann, J Hebert, L Bienias, J Evans, D Scherr, P TI Racial differences in daily patterns of salivary cortisol SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rush Univ, Ctr Med, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 SI 2 BP 76 EP 76 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 988QF UT WOS:000233615000207 ER PT J AU Lyons, S AF Lyons, S TI Continence care in nursing homes: Interdisciplinary team practice models SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, Dhhs, Cdc,Nchs,Ovh, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 SI 2 BP 147 EP 147 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 988QF UT WOS:000233615000381 ER PT J AU Stevens, J AF Stevens, J TI Costs of fatal and nonfatal fall injuries among older adults in the United States, 2000 SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 SI 2 BP 167 EP 167 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 988QF UT WOS:000233615000433 ER PT J AU McGuire, L Ajani, U Ford, E AF McGuire, L Ajani, U Ford, E TI Alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning: Findings from the second longitudinal study of aging SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 SI 2 BP 361 EP 361 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 988QF UT WOS:000233615001056 ER PT J AU Skarupski, K de Leon, CM Bienias, J Scherr, P Zack, M Moriarty, D Evans, D AF Skarupski, K de Leon, CM Bienias, J Scherr, P Zack, M Moriarty, D Evans, D TI Black-white differences in health-related quality of life among older adults SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 SI 2 BP 505 EP 506 PG 2 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 988QF UT WOS:000233615001440 ER PT J AU Han, B Remsburg, R AF Han, B Remsburg, R TI Agency ownership, patient payment source, and length of service in home care between 1991 and 2000 SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 SI 2 BP 589 EP 589 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 988QF UT WOS:000233615001671 ER PT J AU Decker, F AF Decker, F TI Prediction of nursing home deficiencies by facility ownership, occupancy rate, bed size, and Medicaid utilization SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Long Term Care Stat Branch, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 SI 2 BP 634 EP 634 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 988QF UT WOS:000233615001786 ER PT J AU Bernstein, A Remsburg, R AF Bernstein, A Remsburg, R TI Health care services utilization among older adults with and without dementia SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCHS, CDC, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 SI 2 BP 672 EP 672 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 988QF UT WOS:000233615001871 ER PT J AU Krawczynski, K Bartosch, B Meunier, JC Basham, L Culver, D Lavillette, D Kamili, S Cosset, FL Fattom, A AF Krawczynski, K Bartosch, B Meunier, JC Basham, L Culver, D Lavillette, D Kamili, S Cosset, FL Fattom, A TI Pathogenetic significance of neutralizing anti-HCV antibodies in acute and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of chimpanzees treated with hyperimmune anti-HCV (Civacir (TM)) SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 11-15, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 NCID, CCID, CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Nabi Pharmaceut Inc, Rockville, MD USA. CDC, DVH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 SU 1 BP 277A EP 277A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 972VC UT WOS:000232480300200 ER PT J AU Bessone, FO Campodonico, ME Paez, M Acosta, F Spoletti, MJ Fay, FF Reggiardo, V Guerrina, C Godoy, A Camacho, GG Fields, H Vorobioff, J Fay, O Tanno, H AF Bessone, FO Campodonico, ME Paez, M Acosta, F Spoletti, MJ Fay, FF Reggiardo, V Guerrina, C Godoy, A Camacho, GG Fields, H Vorobioff, J Fay, O Tanno, H TI Outbreak of fulminant hepatitis associated with a precore mutant HBV strain in hemodialysis patients SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 11-15, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Univ Rosario Med Sch, Rosario, Argentina. CIBIC SA, Rosario, Argentina. Ctr Technol Publ Hlth, Rosario, Argentina. CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. UNR, Ctr Technol Publ Hlth, Rosario, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 SU 1 BP 363A EP 363A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 972VC UT WOS:000232480300418 ER PT J AU Bruce, M Bruden, D McMahon, B Christensen, C Homan, C Sullivan, D Deubner, H Hennessy, T Williams, J Livingston, S Gretch, D AF Bruce, M Bruden, D McMahon, B Christensen, C Homan, C Sullivan, D Deubner, H Hennessy, T Williams, J Livingston, S Gretch, D TI Clinical significance of elevated alpha-fetoprotein in Alaska native patients with chronic hepatitis SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 11-15, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 CDC, Arct Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 SU 1 BP 550A EP 551A PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 972VC UT WOS:000232480301441 ER PT J AU Christensen, C Bruden, D Lvingston, S Williams, J Homan, C Sullivan, D Gretch, D McMahon, B AF Christensen, C Bruden, D Lvingston, S Williams, J Homan, C Sullivan, D Gretch, D McMahon, B TI Hepatitis C treatment results in an Alaska native/American Indian population SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 11-15, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 ANTHC, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. CDC, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. ANMC, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 SU 1 BP 654A EP 655A PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 972VC UT WOS:000232480302224 ER PT J AU Nainan, OV Alter, MJ Gao, FX Xia, GL McQuillan, G Margolis, HS AF Nainan, OV Alter, MJ Gao, FX Xia, GL McQuillan, G Margolis, HS TI Hepatitis C virus genotypes and viral concentrations in participants from a general population survey in the United States SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 11-15, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 SU 1 BP 660A EP 660A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 972VC UT WOS:000232480302238 ER PT J AU Livingston, S Simonetti, J Bulkow, L Homan, C Snowball, M Hurlburt, K Williams, J McMahon, B AF Livingston, S Simonetti, J Bulkow, L Homan, C Snowball, M Hurlburt, K Williams, J McMahon, B TI The relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype and hepatitis B E antigen (HBeAg) status in a cohort of Alaska natives SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 11-15, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. CDC, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 SU 1 BP 709A EP 709A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 972VC UT WOS:000232480302352 ER PT J AU Eagle, ARR Hanson, RL Jiang, WP Han, XL Matters, GL Imperatore, G Knowler, WC Bond, JS AF Eagle, ARR Hanson, RL Jiang, WP Han, XL Matters, GL Imperatore, G Knowler, WC Bond, JS TI Meprin beta metalloprotease gene polymorphisms associated with diabetic nephropathy in the Pima Indians SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROLASE HUMAN MEPRIN; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; PAIR ANALYSIS; CELL-SURFACE; CANCER-CELLS; KIDNEY; SUBUNITS; DISEASE; MOUSE AB There is evidence that susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy has a significant genetic component. This investigation tested the hypothesis that variations in the structural or regulatory regions of the MEP1B gene are related to susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in the Pima Indian population. The structure of the human MEP1B gene on chromosome 18 was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Samples from 154 diabetic individuals were analyzed for polymorphisms. These individuals belonged to 65 sibships with at least one sibling pair discordant for diabetic nephropathy. Approximately half of the individuals had diabetic nephropathy. Of the 154 samples, there were 91 discordant sibling pairs. Sequencing revealed 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MEP1B gene. SNPs 1-5 were in the 5' region upstream of the start site for transcription; SNPs 6, 7, 9, 11-15, 17, and 19 were within introns; SNPs 8, 10, 16, and 18 were in exons 4, 9, 12, and 14. SNP 18 was the only one that results in an amino acid change (proline to leucine in the cytoplasmic tall). No overall associations were found for individual SNPs. Within-family association tests found significant results for SNPs 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 18, and 19 such that the more common allele was more frequently observed in those with nephropathy than in their unaffected siblings. The present study demonstrates significant within family association for SNPs in MEP1B gene with diabetic nephropathy. These results could be explained by functional effects of one or more of these SNPs or by linkage disequilibrium with a nearby functional locus. C1 Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Phoenix, AZ 85014 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. R&D Syst Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55413 USA. CDC, NCCDPHP, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bond, JS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, H171, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM jbond@psu.edu RI Hanson, Robert/O-3238-2015 OI Hanson, Robert/0000-0002-4252-7068 NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-6717 J9 HUM GENET JI Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 118 IS 1 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s00439-005-0019-7 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 984WM UT WOS:000233338100002 ER PT J AU Aldoory, L Bonzo, S AF Aldoory, L Bonzo, S TI Using communication theory in injury prevention campaigns SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID BICYCLE HELMET USE; HEALTH BELIEF MODEL; FIRST-AID; PROGRAM; COMMUNITY; CHILDREN; SAFETY; FAMILIES; IMPACT; POPULATION C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Commun, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aldoory, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Commun, 2130 Skinner Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM laldoory@umd.edu NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 260 EP 263 DI 10.1136/ip.2004.007104 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 970EZ UT WOS:000232289300004 PM 16203832 ER PT J AU Warner, M Schenker, N Heinen, MA Fingerhut, LA AF Warner, M Schenker, N Heinen, MA Fingerhut, LA TI The effects of recall on reporting injury and poisoning episodes in the National Health Interview Survey SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RATES; CHILDREN AB Objective: To examine effects of length of time between injury or poisoning and interview on the number of reported injury and poisoning episodes in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). ( Hereinafter, both injuries and poisonings will be referred to as "injuries''.) Design: The NHIS collects data continuously on medically attended injuries occurring to family members during the three months before interview. Time between injury and interview was established by subtracting the reported injury date from the interview date. Values were multiply imputed for the 25% of the episodes for which dates were only partially reported. Main outcome measures: An analysis of mean square error (MSE) was used to quantify the extent of errors in estimated annual numbers of injuries and to compare the contributions of bias and variance to these errors. Results: The lowest estimated MSEs for annualized estimates for all injuries and for less severe injuries were attained when the annualized estimates were based on 3-6 elapsed cumulative weeks between injury and interview. The average weighted number of injuries reported per week per year was 8% lower in later weeks (weeks 6-13) than in earlier weeks (weeks 1-5) for all episodes, and 24% lower in later weeks than in earlier weeks for contusions/superficial injuries, with both differences being statistically significant. For fractures, however, the averages in the two periods were statistically similar. Conclusions: The error associated with the estimated annual number of injuries was large with a three month reference period for all injuries and for less severe injuries. Limiting analysis to episodes with up to five weeks between injury and interview has statistical, intuitive, and analytic appeal for all injuries and for less severe injuries. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Res & Methodol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. No New England Poison Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Warner, M (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM mwarner@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 282 EP 287 DI 10.1136/ip.2004.006965 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 970EZ UT WOS:000232289300008 PM 16203836 ER PT J AU Pelletier, AR Gilchrist, J AF Pelletier, AR Gilchrist, J TI Roller coaster related fatalities, United States, 1994-2004 SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID INJURY AB Objective: To determine the number of fatalities related to roller coasters and examine factors common to multiple incidents. Methods: A case was defined as the death of a person, which was associated with a roller coaster in the United States between 15 May 1994 and 14 May 2004. Cases were identified from four data sources: ( 1) Consumer Product Safety Commission, (2) Lexis-Nexis, (3) Medline, and (4) Saferparks. Results: Forty people, ranging in age from 7 to 77 years, were killed in 39 separate incidents. Twenty nine (73%) deaths occurred among roller coaster patrons. Eleven fatalities resulted from external causes related to injuries from falls or collisions. Eighteen people died from medical conditions that might have been caused or exacerbated by riding a roller coaster; 15 were the result of intracranial hemorrhages or cardiac problems. Eleven (28%) deaths involved employees; all were caused by injuries. Conclusions: Approximately four deaths annually in the United States are associated with roller coasters. Prevention of roller coaster fatalities is dependent on establishing an effective surveillance system for amusement ride injuries, engineering rides to better protect both patrons and employees, improving training and supervision of employees regarding safety precautions, and posting cautionary notices near roller coasters for people with specified medical conditions. Further research is needed on roller coaster related deaths resulting from intracranial hemorrhages and cardiac problems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Partnerships, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pelletier, AR (reprint author), Maine Dept Human Serv, Bur Hlth, 286 Water St,Key Plaza,8th Floor,11 State House S, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. EM arp1@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 309 EP 312 DI 10.1136/ip.2005.008425 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 970EZ UT WOS:000232289300013 PM 16203841 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Friedman, JM Little, J Flanders, WD AF Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Friedman, JM Little, J Flanders, WD TI How many genes underlie the occurrence of common complex diseases in the population? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; aetiology; genes; population attributable fraction ID MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION; GENOMICS RESEARCH; PUBLIC-HEALTH; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; VARIANTS; VALIDITY; CANCER AB Background Most common human diseases are due to complex interactions among multiple genetic variants and environmental risk factors. There is debate over whether variants of a relatively small number of genes, each with weak or modest individual effects, account for a large proportion of common diseases in the population, or whether a large number of rare variants with large effects underlie genetic susceptibility to these diseases. It is not clear how many genes are necessary to account for an appreciable population-attributable fraction of these diseases. Methods In this analysis, we estimated the number of disease susceptibility genes needed to account for varying population attributable fractions of a common complex disease, taking into account the genotype prevalence, risk ratios for individual genes, and the model of gene-gene interactions (additive or multiplicative). Results Very large numbers of rare genotypes (e.g. those with frequencies of 1 per 5000 or less) are needed to explain 50% of a common disease in the population, even if the individual risk ratios are large (RR = 10-20). On the other hand, only similar to 20 genes are usually needed to explain 50% of the burden of a disease in the population if the predisposing genotypes are common (>= 25%), even if the individual risk ratios are relatively small (RR = 1.2-1.5). Conclusions Our results suggest that a limited number of disease susceptibility genes with common variants can explain a major proportion of common complex diseases in the population. Our findings should help focus the search for common genetic variants that provide the most important predispositions to complex human diseases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM qay0@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1129 EP 1137 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi130 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 974MB UT WOS:000232594600031 PM 16043441 ER PT J AU Douketis, JD Macie, C Thabane, L Williamson, DF AF Douketis, JD Macie, C Thabane, L Williamson, DF TI Systematic review of long-term weight loss studies in obese adults: clinical significance and applicability to clinical practice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Review DE overweight; weight reduction ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; VERTICAL BANDED GASTROPLASTY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; Y GASTRIC BYPASS; AGED 40-64 YEARS; MORBID-OBESITY; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB BACKGROUND: Obesity is a common health problem that requires a long-term care approach. We systematically reviewed long-term (>= 2y) studies investigating dietary/lifestyle, pharmacologic, and surgical weight loss methods to assess (1) weight loss efficacy, defined by absolute weight loss and the proportion of subjects with >= 5% weight loss, ( 2) effects of weight loss on cardiovascular risk factors, and ( 3) applicability of findings from studies to everyday clinical practice. METHODS: The MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials databases were searched for studies investigating the long-term efficacy of weight loss methods in overweight and obese adults. Data were extracted for (i) weight loss after 1y ( pharmacologic studies only), 2y, 3y, and 4y, (ii) proportion of subjects with >= 5% weight loss at the end of follow-up, and (iii) changes (end-of follow-up minus baseline values) in blood lipids, fasting blood glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. RESULTS: Dietary/lifestyle therapy provides < 5 kg weight loss after 2-4 y, pharmacologic therapy provides 5-10 kg weight loss after 1-2 y, and surgical therapy provides 25-75 kg weight loss after 2-4 y. Weight loss of >= 5% baseline weight is not consistently associated with improvements in cardiovascular risk factors and these benefits appear to be intervention specific and occur mainly in people with concomitant cardiovascular risk factors. Weight loss studies have methodologic limitations that restrict the applicability of findings to unselected obese people assessed in everyday clinical practice. These limitations include an inadequate study duration, large proportions of subjects lost to follow-up, a lack of an appropriate usual care group, and a lack of reporting of outcomes in high-risk subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary/lifestyle and pharmacologic weight loss interventions provide modest weight loss, and may improve markers of cardiovascular risk factors although these benefits occur mainly in patients with cardiovascular risks. Studies investigating weight loss have methodologic limitations that restrict the applicability of findings to obese patients assessed in clinical practice. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Douketis, JD (reprint author), St Josephs Hosp, Room F-541,50 Charlton Ave E, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada. EM jdouket@mcmaster.ca NR 119 TC 254 Z9 259 U1 4 U2 31 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1153 EP 1167 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802982 PG 15 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 963FV UT WOS:000231790100002 PM 15997250 ER PT J AU Johnson, VJ Yucesoy, B Luster, MI AF Johnson, VJ Yucesoy, B Luster, MI TI Prevention of IL-1 signaling attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a murine model of toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toluene diisocyanate; occupational asthnia; IL-1; IL-1 receptor type I; IL-1 beta; IL-1 alpha; TDI ID DEPENDENT ANTIBODY-PRODUCTION; EOSINOPHILIC INFLAMMATION; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; ADHESION MOLECULES; T-CELLS; MICE; SENSITIZATION; INHIBITION; INDUCTION; MIGRATION AB Background: IL-1 is a pleotropic cytokine that has been shown to play a prominent role in asthma induced by large molecular-weight proteins. Increased IL-1 inummostaining in the submucosa of patients with toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma has also been observed, suggesting that this cytokine might also be important in asthma associated with low-molecular-weight chemicals. Objective: We sought to determine the role of IL-1 signaling in airway reactivity and inflammation by using a marine model of TDI-induced asthma. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were exposed to TDI by means of vapor inhalation (20 ppb; 4 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 6 weeks) and then challenged 2 weeks later by inhalation with 20 ppb TDI vapor for 1 hour. Results: Sensitized-challenged mice showed increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), increased levels of TDI-specific IgG(1) antibodies, airway epithelial thickening, inflammation consisting of infiltrating lymphocytes and eosinophils, and increased mRNA expression of IL-4, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in the lung. Prevention of IL-1 signaling through deletion of the IL-1 receptor type I or administration of neutralizing antibodies to both IL-1P and IL-1 alpha abrogated the development of TDI-induced asthma. A partial reduction in AHR and TDI-specific IgG(1) levels was observed in mice administered anti-IL-1p, whereas anti-IL-1 alpha had no effect on either parameter. Antibodies to IL-1 beta or IL-1 alpha alone blocked airway inflammation and the expression of IL-4 and adhesion molecules in the lung. Conclusions: These results suggest that IL-1 signaling is critical for AHR and airway inflammation, with wIL-1 beta and IL-1 alpha having unique and overlapping roles in TDI-induced occupational asthma. C1 NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Johnson, VJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop 3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM vjohnson3@cdc.gov RI Johnson, Victor/A-7910-2009; Yucesoy, Berran/B-4497-2009 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES0001-06] NR 31 TC 45 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 116 IS 4 BP 851 EP 858 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.07.008 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 017IF UT WOS:000235686600020 PM 16210060 ER PT J AU Johnson, BW Russell, BJ Lanciotti, RS AF Johnson, BW Russell, BJ Lanciotti, RS TI Serotype-specific detection of dengue viruses in a fourplex real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; RAPID DETECTION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; AMPLIFICATION ASSAYS; WEST-NILE; DIAGNOSIS; TYPE-1; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The dengue (DEN) viruses are positive-strand RNA viruses in the genus Flavivirus. Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome are important human arboviral diseases caused by infection with one of four closely related but serologically distinct DEN viruses, designated DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4 viruses. All four DEN serotypes are currently cocirculating throughout the subtropics and tropics, and genotypic variation occurs among isolates within a serotype. A real-time quantitative nucleic acid amplification assay has been developed to detect viral RNA of a single DEN virus serotype. Each primer-probe set is DEN serotype specific, yet detects all genotypes in a panel of 7 to 10 representative isolates of a serotype. In single reactions and in fourplex reactions (containing four primer-probe sets in a single reaction mixture), standard dilutions of virus equivalent to 0.002 PFU of DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4 viruses were detected; the limit of detection of DEN-1 virus was 0.5 equivalent PFU. Singleplex and fourplex reactions were evaluated in a panel of 40 viremic serum specimens with 10 specimens per serotype, containing 0.002 to 6,000 equivalent PFU/reaction (0.4 to 1.2 x 10(6) PFU/ml). Viral RNA was detected in all viremic serum specimens in singleplex and fourplex reactions. Thus, this serotype-specific, fourplex real-time reverse transcriptase PCR nucleic acid detection assay can be used as a method for differential diagnosis of a specific DEN serotype in viremic dengue patients and as a tool for rapid identification and serotyping of DEN virus isolates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diagnost & Reference Lab, Arbovitrus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Johnson, BW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diagnost & Reference Lab, Arbovitrus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM bfj9@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 147 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 43 IS 10 BP 4977 EP 4983 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.10.4977-4983.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 976VV UT WOS:000232762500008 PM 16207951 ER PT J AU Johnson, AS Tarr, CL Brown, BH Birkhead, KM Farmer, JJ AF Johnson, AS Tarr, CL Brown, BH Birkhead, KM Farmer, JJ TI First case of septicemia due to a strain belonging to enteric group 58 (Enterobacteriaceae) and its designation as Averyella dalhousiensis gen. nov., sp nov., based on analysis of strains from 20 additional cases SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; IDENTIFICATION; SEPSIS; HUB; INFECTION; COMPUTER; BACTERIA AB When enteric group 58 was first described as a distinct new group of Enterobacteriaceae in 1985, there were only five known human isolates: four from wounds and one from feces. In 1996, we investigated the first blood isolate of enteric group 58, a case of sepsis in a 33-year-old woman receiving total parenteral nutrition. Fifteen additional clinical isolates have since been identified at CDC, including several recognized from a collection of "unidentified" strains dating back to 1973. All strains were characterized with a standard set of 49 biochemical tests used for Enterobacteriaceae, and the results were analyzed to determine phenotypic relatedness and best taxonomic fit. Antibiograms were determined as a taxonomic tool. Original identifications provided by submitting laboratories encompassed a wide variety of Enterobacteriaceae, including 14 species in eight genera, the most common being Enterobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Serratia spp., Kluyvera spp., or Escherichia spp. Enteric group 58 strains have been most frequently isolated from traumatic injuries, fractures, and wounds and rarely from feces. Defining its clinical significance and distinguishing infection from colonization requires further study, but our case report indicates that serious systemic infection can occur. The vernacular name enteric group 58 was used from 1985 to 2004. In this paper, we formally name it Averyella dalhousiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., on the basis of its unique phenotype and its unique 16S rRNA gene sequence. These data indicate that enteric group 58 is not closely related to any of the existing genera or species of Enterobacteriaceae. The type strain is designated CDC9501-97, and a phenotypic definition is given based on all 21 strains. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Med & Pathol & Lab Med, Queen Elizabeth II Hlth Sci Ctr, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Battelle Sci & Technol Int Chem & Environm Techno, Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta Analyt Chem Grp, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. RP Johnson, AS (reprint author), Peter Lougheed Ctr, Dept Med, 3500-26th Ave NE, Calgary, AB T1Y 6J4, Canada. EM asjohnson_@hotmail.com NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 43 IS 10 BP 5195 EP 5201 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.10.5195-5201.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 976VV UT WOS:000232762500040 PM 16207983 ER PT J AU Ghanem, KG Johnson, RE Koumans, EH Marrazzo, JM Markowitz, LE AF Ghanem, KG Johnson, RE Koumans, EH Marrazzo, JM Markowitz, LE TI Cervical specimen order and performance measures of Chlamydia trachomatis diagnostic testing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID AMPLIFICATION TESTS; DNA-PROBE; WOMEN; INFECTION AB The orders of three endocervical specimens of 3,561 women for Chlamydia trachomatis testing were randomized to determine whether test performance measures of two nucleic acid amplification tests and a DNA probe were affected by swab order. Specimen collection order did not appear to affect the diagnostic accuracy of these tests. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ghanem, KG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 4940 Eastern Ave,B3 North, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM kghanem@jhmi.edu OI Marrazzo, Jeanne/0000-0002-9277-7364 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 43 IS 10 BP 5295 EP 5297 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.10.5295-5297.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 976VV UT WOS:000232762500058 PM 16208001 ER PT J AU Priest, JW Bern, C Roberts, JM Kwon, JP Lescano, AG Checkley, W Cabrera, L Moss, DM Arrowood, MJ Sterling, CR Gilman, RH Lammie, PJ AF Priest, JW Bern, C Roberts, JM Kwon, JP Lescano, AG Checkley, W Cabrera, L Moss, DM Arrowood, MJ Sterling, CR Gilman, RH Lammie, PJ TI Changes in serum immunoglobulin g levels as a marker for Cryptosporidium sp infection in Peruvian children SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; G ANTIBODIES; PARVUM; SPECIMENS; ANTIGENS AB In a retrospective analysis, we assessed the usefulness of two serologic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays as epidemiologic tools for the detection of cryptosporidiosis episodes in children from a Peruvian community. The incidence rate determined by the serologic assay was higher than the rate determined by stool microscopy (0.77 versus 0.41 infection/child-year of surveillance). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Priest, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jpriest@cdc.gov RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X FU NIAID NIH HHS [1P01-AI51976, U01 AI035894, UA01-AI035894, P01 AI051976] NR 10 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 43 IS 10 BP 5298 EP 5300 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.10.5298-5300.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 976VV UT WOS:000232762500059 PM 16208002 ER PT J AU Perz, JF Craig, AS Stratton, CW Bodner, SJ Phillips, WE Schaffner, W AF Perz, JF Craig, AS Stratton, CW Bodner, SJ Phillips, WE Schaffner, W TI Pseudomonas putida septicemia in a special care nursery due to contaminated flush solutions prepared in a hospital pharmacy SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE; STERILE PREPARATIONS; BENZYL ALCOHOL; INFECTION; MORTALITY; INFANTS AB Pseudomonas putida bloodstream infections were reported in two preterm neonates from a special care nursery. An unopened container of preservative-free heparin flush, compounded several weeks earlier in the hospital pharmacy and from the same batch that was administered to the patients, grew P. putida with a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern identical to that of the patients' isolates. Intrinsic contamination was ruled out by the absence of similar reports from other hospitals and by sterility testing of unopened stock solutions. We investigated the in vitro persistence of P. putida in heparinized saline: even under refrigerated conditions, inocula of 10(2) and 10(3) CFU/ml exhibited growth at 21 and 35 days, respectively. These findings highlight the need for compliance with current standards of aseptic technique and quality assurance during the preparation of compounded sterile products. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, State Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Centennial Med Ctr, Microbiol Lab, Nashville, TN USA. RP Perz, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jperz@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 43 IS 10 BP 5316 EP 5318 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.10.5316-5318.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 976VV UT WOS:000232762500064 PM 16208007 ER PT J AU Loparev, VN Schmid, DS Sauerbrei, A AF Loparev, VN Schmid, DS Sauerbrei, A TI Stable and consistent genetic profile of Oka varicella vaccine virus is not linked with appearance of infrequent breakthrough cases postvaccination - Authors' reply SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Jena, Inst Virol & Therapy, D-07740 Jena, Germany. RP Loparev, VN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 43 IS 10 BP 5416 EP 5417 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 976VV UT WOS:000232762500099 ER PT J AU Jiang, BM Wang, YH Glass, RI Fang, ZY AF Jiang, BM Wang, YH Glass, RI Fang, ZY TI The evolution of human group B rotaviruses: Correction and an update SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE group B rotavirus; ADRV; CAL ID ADULT DIARRHEA ROTAVIRUS; PROTEINS; CALCUTTA; INDIA AB The Chinese adult diarrhea rotavirus (ADRV) and the Indian CAL strains of human group B rotaviruses were reported to be conserved in genes encoding structural proteins but divergent in NSP2 and NSP3 genes, raising the questions about the origin and the evolution of these strains. We repeated sequencing of the ADRV NSP2 and NSP3 genes and demonstrated high amino acid sequence identities with the CAL NSP2 and NSP3. Here we report the consequences of publishing and interpreting incorrect nucleotide sequences and provide evidence that the ADRV and CAL strains have evolved from a common ancestor. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Jiang, BM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bjiang@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 158 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2005.05.009 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 972FQ UT WOS:000232440000014 PM 16054865 ER PT J AU Blicher, B Joshipura, K Eke, P AF Blicher, B Joshipura, K Eke, P TI Validation of self-reported periodontal disease: A systematic review SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE systematic review; self-report; validity; periodontal disease; gingivitis ID RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS; ORAL-HEALTH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; GINGIVAL HEALTH; CLINICAL-TRIALS; DENTAL RESEARCH; RELATIVE RISK; VALIDITY AB Self-report is an efficient and accepted means of assessing many population characteristics, risk factors, and diseases, but has rarely been used for periodontal disease ( chronic periodontitis). The availability of valid self-reported measures of periodontal disease would facilitate epidemiologic studies on a much larger scale, allow for integration of new studies of periodontal disease within large ongoing studies, and facilitate lower-cost population surveillance of periodontitis. Several studies have been conducted to validate self-reported measures for periodontal disease, but results have been inconsistent. In this report, we conducted a systematic review of the validation studies. We reviewed the 16 studies that assessed the validity of self-reported periodontal and gingivitis measures against clinical gold standards. Seven of the studies included self-reported measures specific to gingivitis, four included measures only for periodontitis, and five included both gingivitis and periodontal measures. Three of the studies used a self-assessment method where they provided the patient with a detailed manual for performing a self-exam. The remaining 13 studies asked participants to self-report symptoms, presence of periodontal disease itself, or their recollection of a dental health professional diagnosing them or providing treatment for periodontal disease. The review indicates that some measures showed promise, but results varied across populations and self-reported measures. One example of a good measure is, "Has any dentist/hygienist told you that you have deep pockets?", which had a sensitivity of 55%, a specificity of 90%, positive predictive value of 77%, and negative predictive value of 75% against clinical pocket depth. Higher validity could be potentially obtained by the use of combinations of several self-reported questions and other predictors of periodontal disease. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Oral Hlth Policy & Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Joshipura, K (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Oral Hlth Policy & Epidemiol, 188 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kjoshipura@hsdm.harvard.edu FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DEO7151] NR 45 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 84 IS 10 BP 881 EP 890 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 966YY UT WOS:000232059900003 PM 16183785 ER PT J AU Green, LR Selman, C Scallan, E Jones, TF Marcus, R AF Green, LR Selman, C Scallan, E Jones, TF Marcus, R CA EHS-NET Population Survey Working Grp TI Beliefs about meals eaten outside the home as sources of gastrointestinal illness SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FOODNET SITES; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTIONS; EDUCATION AB In a 2002 telephone survey of 16,435 randomly selected U.S. residents, respondents answered several questions about their beliefs concerning sources of gastrointestinal illness. Of those who had experienced vomiting or diarrhea in the month before their telephone interview, 22% believed the source of their gastrointestinal illness was a meal eaten outside the home. III respondents who had diarrhea but not vomiting and who did not miss work because of their illness were more likely to believe the illness resulted from a specific outside meal. III respondents attributed their illness to a specific outside meal for several reasons, including symptom timing (43%) and illness of their meal companions (6%). Eight percent of ill respondents reported their illness to a health department or the restaurant suspected of causing the illness. Those with vomiting and those who missed work or activities because of their illness were more likely to report their illness. Most respondents (54%) who attributed their illness to a specific outside meal said their illness symptoms began within a short time (5 h) of eating that meal. The foodborne illnesses for which this is a likely time frame typically are associated with vomiting, but respondents with vomiting did not report a shorter symptom onset than respondents without vomiting. These findings suggest that ill respondents may have the misconception that foodborne illness symptoms typically occur shortly after ingestion of contaminated food. Results suggest that education efforts should focus on the nature and timing of foodbome illness symptoms and the importance of reporting suspected foodbome illnesses. C1 RTI Int, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Green, LR (reprint author), RTI Int, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lrg0@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 68 IS 10 BP 2184 EP 2189 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 971UF UT WOS:000232409600027 PM 16245727 ER PT J AU Likos, AM Sammons, SA Olson, VA Frace, AM Li, Y Olsen-Rasmussen, M Davidson, W Galloway, R Khristova, ML Reynolds, MG Zhao, H Carroll, DS Curns, A Formenty, P Esposito, JJ Regnery, RL Damon, IK AF Likos, AM Sammons, SA Olson, VA Frace, AM Li, Y Olsen-Rasmussen, M Davidson, W Galloway, R Khristova, ML Reynolds, MG Zhao, H Carroll, DS Curns, A Formenty, P Esposito, JJ Regnery, RL Damon, IK TI A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEMENT-CONTROL PROTEIN; VACCINIA VIRUS; HOST-RANGE; RABBITPOX VIRUS; GENE ENCODES; ENHANCED NEUTRALIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HUMAN INFECTION; DNA; COWPOX AB Human monkeypox was first recognized outside Africa in 2003 during an outbreak in the USA that was traced to imported monkeypox virus (MPXV)-infected West African rodents. Unlike the smallpox-like disease described in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; a Congo Basin country), disease in the USA appeared milder. Here, analyses compared clinical, laboratory and epidemiological features of confirmed human monkeypox case-patients, using data from outbreaks in the USA and the Congo Basin, and the results suggested that human disease pathogenicity was associated with the viral strain. Genomic sequencing of USA, Western and Central African MPXV isolates confirmed the existence of two MPXV clades. A comparison of open reading frames between MPXV clades permitted prediction of viral proteins that could cause the observed differences in human pathogenicity between these two clades. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis and clinical and epidemiological properties of MPXV can improve monkeypox prevention and control. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Damon, IK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM iad7@cdc.gov NR 72 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 86 BP 2661 EP 2672 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81215-0 PN 10 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 971LN UT WOS:000232385700002 PM 16186219 ER PT J AU Anderton, JP Valdiserri, RO AF Anderton, JP Valdiserri, RO TI Combating syphilis and HIV among users of Internet chatrooms SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB The recent resurgence of syphilis among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and concerns about a potential increase in HIV incidence have sparked public health authorities to search for new approaches to address this converging problem. Epidemiologic investigations suggest that the Internet plays an important role in facilitating syphilis outbreaks. The experience of this pilot will help the public health community learn more about how to reach targeted online audiences, and will contribute toward understanding the role of the Internet in risk reduction strategies aimed at persons who use the Internet to meet sex partners. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderton, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JAnderton@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD OCT-NOV PY 2005 VL 10 IS 7 BP 665 EP 671 DI 10.1080/10810730500269007 PG 7 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 981VA UT WOS:000233114900007 PM 16278202 ER PT J AU Hammerschlag, MR Apfalter, P Boman, J Tondella, ML Gaydos, C AF Hammerschlag, MR Apfalter, P Boman, J Tondella, ML Gaydos, C TI The role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in multiple sclerosis: Real or fictitious? SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INFECTION; FLUID C1 Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. Vienna Gen Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, Vienna, Austria. Umea Univ, Dept Virol, Umea, Sweden. RP Hammerschlag, MR (reprint author), Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Box 49,450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. EM mhammerschlag@downstate.edu RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 7 BP 1305 EP 1307 DI 10.1086/466533 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 960WK UT WOS:000231623700027 PM 16136478 ER PT J AU Wei, H Dean, SL Parkin, MC Nolkrantz, K O'Callaghan, JP Kennedy, RT AF Wei, H Dean, SL Parkin, MC Nolkrantz, K O'Callaghan, JP Kennedy, RT TI Microscale sample deposition onto hydrophobic target plates for trace level detection of neuropeptides in brain tissue by MALDI-MS SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry; neuropeptides; microwave-fixed brain tissue; octadecanethiol self-assembled monolayer; nanocolumn ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COMPLEX PEPTIDE MIXTURES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATTOMOLE DETECTION; SINGLE NEURONS; SUBSTANCE-P; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS; TOF; PURIFICATION AB A sample preparation method that combines a modified target plate with a nanoscale reversed-phase column (nanocolumn) was developed for detection of neuropeptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A gold-coated MALDI plate was modified with an octadecanethiol (ODT) self-assembled monolayer to create a hydrophobic surface that could concentrate peptide samples into a similar to 200-500-mu m diameter spot. The spot sizes generated were comparable to those obtained for a substrate patterned with 200-mu m hydrophilic spots on a hydrophobic substrate. The sample spots on the ODT-coated plate were 100-fold smaller than those formed on an unmodified gold plate with a 1-mu l sample and generated 10 to 50 times higher mass sensitivity for peptide standards by MALDI-TOF MS. When the sample was deposited on an ODT-modified plate from a nanocolumn, the detection limit for peptides was as low as 20 pM for 5-mu l samples corresponding to 80 amol deposited. This technique was used to analyze extracts of microwave-fixed tissue from rat brain striatum. Ninety-eight putative peptides were detected including several that had masses matching neuropeptides expected in this brain region such as substance P, rimorphin, and neurotensin. Twenty-three peptides had masses that matched peaks detected by capillary liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization MS.(1,2) Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. HELD, TMBB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Pharmacol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kennedy, RT (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, 930 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rtkenn@umich.edu RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Kennedy, Robert/G-9095-2016 OI Kennedy, Robert/0000-0003-2447-7471 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01EB003320] NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1338 EP 1346 DI 10.1002/jms.916 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 980LL UT WOS:000233019900008 PM 16217843 ER PT J AU Palacios, G Oberste, MS AF Palacios, G Oberste, MS TI Enteroviruses as agents of emerging infectious diseases SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Review DE emerging infectous disease; enterovirus ID CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUS; NEUROGENIC PULMONARY-EDEMA; POLIOMYELITIS-LIKE DISEASE; ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; B COXSACKIE-VIRUSES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; WILD POLIOVIRUS; MOUTH-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES AB Although the enteroviruses as a group are ubiquitous and not normally considered as "emerging pathogens," the many different serotypes circulate at different frequencies in any given year and the prevalence of a given serotype may fluctuate wildly from year to year. As a result, several enterovirus serotypes have been associated with the emergence of specific diseases ( for example, pandemic acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis) and specific serotypes have emerged to cause outbreaks of major public health concern. Enterovirus 71 is a recognized cause of epidemic severe central nervous system disease in Southeast Asia. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis was a newly described disease in the 1970s associated with emergence of enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus A24 variant. In addition, the impending eradication of poliovirus and some of the challenges currently faced by the eradication program present the possibility that poliomyelitis could emerge in the posteradication era. These links between enterovirus infections and emerging diseases are reviewed. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Jerome L & Dawn Greene Infect Dis Lab, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virases Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Palacios, G (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Jerome L & Dawn Greene Infect Dis Lab, 722 W 168th St,Floor 18, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM gp2050@columbia.edu RI Palacios, Gustavo/I-7773-2015 OI Palacios, Gustavo/0000-0001-5062-1938 NR 128 TC 110 Z9 118 U1 6 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 424 EP 433 DI 10.1080/13550280591002531 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 984VV UT WOS:000233334500003 PM 16287683 ER PT J AU Bellini, WJ Harcourt, BH Bowden, N Rota, PA AF Bellini, WJ Harcourt, BH Bowden, N Rota, PA TI Nipah virus: An emergent paramyxovirus causing severe encephalitis in humans SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Review DE emerging infectious disease; encephalitis; fruit bats; Nipah virus; paramyxovirus ID MEMBRANE-FUSION TROPISM; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE-VIRUS; HENDRA-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; V-PROTEIN; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; NUCLEAR ACCUMULATION; EQUINE MORBILLIVIRUS; PREVENTING STAT1; FLYING-FOXES AB Nipah virus is a recently emergent paramyxovirus that is capable of causing severe disease in both humans and animals. The first outbreak of Nipah virus occurred in Malaysia and Singapore in 1999 and, more recently, outbreaks were detected in Bangladesh. In humans, Nipah virus causes febrile encephalitis with respiratory syndrome that has a high mortality rate. The reservoir for Nipah virus is believed to be fruit bats, and humans are infected by contact with infected bats or by contact with an intermediate animal host such as pigs. Person to person spread of the virus has also been described. Nipah virus retains many of the genetic and biologic properties found in other paramyxoviruses, though it also has several unique characteristics. However, the virologic characteristics that allow the virus to cause severe disease over a broad host range, and the epidemiologic, environmental and virologic features that favor transmission to humans are unknown. This review summarizes what is known about the virology, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and control of this novel pathogen. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bellini, WJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C-22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wbellini@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 481 EP 487 DI 10.1080/13550280500187435 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 984VV UT WOS:000233334500010 PM 16287690 ER PT J AU Moyer, ES Heitbrink, WA Jensen, PA AF Moyer, ES Heitbrink, WA Jensen, PA TI Test for the integrity of environmental tractor cab filtration systems SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE agricultural workers; environmental enclosures; tractor cabs AB Cab filtration systems can be used to protect vehicle operators from hazardous air contaminants. In a cab filtration system, a fan draws air through filters and pressurizes the cab with this filtered air. This article describes the application of a low-cost, optical particle counter to evaluate the performance of tractor cab filtration systems. The tractors were equipped with environmental enclosures to protect the operators from pesticide exposures that occur during air blast spraying in orchards. Prior to testing, all environmental tractor cabs underwent a complete maintenance overhaul followed by a careful inspection by the manufacturer's field representative. Aspart of this maintenance effort, 13 tractors with cab filtration systems were tested in an enclosure. A Met One model 227B two-channel optical particle counter was used to measure the aerosol concentration outside and inside the cab. Ambient aerosol and/or aerosol generated by burning incense sticks were used to challenge the stationary cab filtration system in an enclosure. The ratio of the outside to inside concentration (Co/Ci) is the exposure reduction attained by the cab system. Alternatively, the inside concentration divided by the outside concentration times 100 (Ci/Co x 100) gives the percent penetration. All 13 tractors were tested for leak sites. Leak sites were identified and sealed. This process was repeated until each cab showed an exposure reduction ratio Co/Ci of at least 50 (aerosol penetration into the cab Ci/Co x 100 was less than 2%) at the 0.3-0.5 mu m particle size interval. C1 US Dept HHS, Div Resp Dis Studies, Lab Res Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moyer, ES (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Resp Dis Studies, Lab Res Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop H2800-4, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM esm2@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 2 IS 10 BP 516 EP 523 DI 10.1080/15459620500297519 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 972SD UT WOS:000232472600008 PM 16183625 ER PT J AU Greiling, AK Boss, LP Wheeler, LS AF Greiling, AK Boss, LP Wheeler, LS TI A preliminary investigation of asthma mortality in schools SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PEDIATRIC ASTHMA; DEATHS; INHALERS; VICTORIA; TRENDS AB Although asthma deaths in children are rare, most asthma deaths should be preventable. No information has been identified in the professional literature addressing the occurrence of asthma deaths in schools. This investigation identified asthma deaths that occurred in US schools between 1990 and 2003 and the circumstances surrounding those deaths. Data were obtained through newspaper articles in the LexisNexis database and death certificates. Between 1990 and 2003, 38 asthma school deaths were reported. Eighteen (47%) identified deaths occurred among black children and 12 (31%) among white. Twenty-seven (72%) of the deaths occurred among teens. Of the fatal asthma attacks, 16 (42%) occurred while the children were participating in a physically active event. Twelve (31%) children died while waiting for medical assistance. Due to the nature of these data, inferences may be subject to source bias. For the identified asthma deaths, key findings include the following: (1) most deaths occurred in teens and high school students; (2)frequently, the precipitating event was related in time to exercise; and (3) a delayed response or hesitancy of school staff to provide medical assistance may have contributed to some of the deaths. Although few school-related asthma deaths are reported each year, the true number is unknown. Key factors in managing the disease and preventing asthma deaths and exacerbations in schools include identification of students with diagnosed asthma, communication with parents and health care providers, removal of triggers in the immediate school environment, and maximizing access to needed medications. C1 Multnomah Cty Hlth Dept, Div Environm Hlth Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Greiling, AK (reprint author), Multnomah Cty Hlth Dept, Div Environm Hlth Serv, 727 NE 24th St, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM agreiling@cdc.gov; lpbl@cdc.gov; lswheeler@aap.net NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2005 VL 75 IS 8 BP 286 EP 290 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2005.00039.x PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 967JP UT WOS:000232087800002 PM 16179078 ER PT J AU Bazzano, LA Serdula, M Liu, SM AF Bazzano, LA Serdula, M Liu, SM TI Prevention of type 2 diabetes by diet and lifestyle modification SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE type 2 diabetes mellitus; coronary heart disease; lifestyle; prevention ID WHOLE-GRAIN INTAKE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; US MALE PHYSICIANS; AGED JAPANESE MEN; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION AB Diabetes mellitus is an epidemic of our time. This disease affect,, nearly 150 million adults worldwide and nearly 11 million in the United States in 2000. Because of the prevalence of obesity and diabetes and associated vascular complications, preventing even a small proportion of cases would save thousands of lives and billions of dollars in healthcare costs and lost productivity. Researchers haw made great Strides In Identifying many lifestyle and dietary factors associated with diabetes, but Solidifying the scientific basis for prevention;full control of this disease as well as implementation at a national level remains a difficult challenge, The literature on the influence of diet and lifestyle in the development of diabetes is reviewed here,with emphasis on epidemiologic data. We outline a systematic approach to primary and secondary prevention of this disease by evaluating and prioritizing risk factors for which intervention is effective and developing a framework for application of intervention strategies, Effective interventions must target not only life affected individuals hut also families. workplaces, schools and communities, Prevention of this devastating disease calls for file identification of culture-sensitive measures that can lie applied to the population ill general and Some high-risk minority groups in particular. Key teaching points Prevalence of diabetes is rising to epidemic proportions and costs US society billions of dollars per year. Modifiable risk factors for diabetes include obesity, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, physical inactivity and dietary factors, such as glycemic load. intake of fat, fiber, and whole-grain foods. Disease prevention must identify culturally sensitive measures that can be applied to the population in general and to specific high-risk minority groups in particular. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Liu, SM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, 900 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM siminliu@hsph.harvard.edu RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 101 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 310 EP 319 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 967ER UT WOS:000232074800002 PM 16192254 ER PT J AU Wang, ZW Sarmento, L Wang, YH Li, XQ Dhingra, V Tseggai, T Jiang, BM Fu, ZF AF Wang, ZW Sarmento, L Wang, YH Li, XQ Dhingra, V Tseggai, T Jiang, BM Fu, ZF TI Attenuated rabies virus activates, while pathogenic rabies virus evades, the host innate immune responses in the central nervous system SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID V-PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BORNA-DISEASE; JAK-STAT; INTERFERON; APOPTOSIS; GLYCOPROTEIN; INFECTION AB Rabies virus (RV) induces encephalomyelitis in humans and animals. However, the pathogenic mechanism of rabies is not fully understood. To investigate the host responses to RV infection, we examined and compared the pathology, particularly the inflammatory responses, and the gene expression profiles in the brains of mice infected with wild-type (wt) virus silver-haired bat RV (SHBRV) or laboratory-adapted virus B2C, using a mouse genomic array (Affymetrix). Extensive inflammatory responses were observed in animals infected with the attenuated RV, but little or no inflammatory responses were found in mice infected with wt RV. Furthermore, attenuated RV induced the expression of the genes involved in the innate immune and antiviral responses, especially those related to the alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) signaling pathways and inflammatory chemokines. For the IFN-alpha/beta signaling pathways, many of the interferon regulatory genes, such as the signal transduction activation transducers and interferon regulatory factors, as well as the effector genes, for example, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and myxovirus proteins, are highly induced in mice infected with attenuated RV. However, many of these genes were not up-regulated in mice infected with wt SHBRV. The data obtained by microarray analysis were confirmed by real-time PCR. Together, these data suggest that attenuated RV activates, while pathogenic RV evades, the host innate immune and antiviral responses. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fu, ZF (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, 501 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhenfu@vet.uga.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI051560, AI-051560] NR 54 TC 119 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 79 IS 19 BP 12554 EP 12565 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.19.12554-12565.2005 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 966AR UT WOS:000231992500044 PM 16160183 ER PT J AU Yang, CF Chen, HY Jorba, J Sun, HC Yang, SJ Lee, HC Huang, YC Lin, TY Chen, PJ Shimizu, H Nishimura, Y Utama, A Pallansch, M Miyamura, T Kew, O Yang, JY AF Yang, CF Chen, HY Jorba, J Sun, HC Yang, SJ Lee, HC Huang, YC Lin, TY Chen, PJ Shimizu, H Nishimura, Y Utama, A Pallansch, M Miyamura, T Kew, O Yang, JY TI Intratypic recombination among lineages of type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus emerging during chronic infection of an immunodeficient patient SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; ATTENUATION PHENOTYPE; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS TYPE-1; SABIN STRAIN; DEOXYINOSINE RESIDUES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; CODON DEGENERACY AB We determined the complete genomic sequences of nine type 1 immunodeficient vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) isolates obtained over a 337-day period from a poliomyelitis patient from Taiwan with common variable immunodeficiency. The iVDPV isolates differed from the Sabin type I oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) strain at 1.84% to 3.15% of total open reading frame positions and had diverged into at least five distinct lineages. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the chronic infection was initiated by the fifth and last OPV dose, given 567 days before onset of paralysis, and that divergence of major lineages began very early in the chronic infection. Key determinants of attenuation in Sabin I had reverted in the iVDPV isolates, and representative isolates of each lineage showed increased neurovirulence for PVR-Tg21 transgenic mice. None of the isolates had retained the temperature-sensitive phenotype of Sabin 1. All isolates were antigenic variants of Sabin 1, having multiple amino acid substitutions within or near neutralizing antigenic sites 1, 2, and 3a. Antigenic divergence of the iVDPV variants from Sabin I followed two major independent evolutionary pathways. The emergence of distinct coreplicating lineages suggests that iVDPVs can replicate for many months at separate sites in the gastrointestinal tract. Some isolates had mosaic genome structures indicative of recombination across and within lineages. iVDPV excretion apparently ceased after 30 to 35 months of chronic infection. The appearance of a chronic VDPV excretor in a tropical, developing country has important implications for the strategy to stop OPV immunization after eradication of wild polioviruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Res & Diagnost, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Chang Gung Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Clin Med, Taipei 110, Taiwan. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 2, Tokyo 2080011, Japan. RP Yang, JY (reprint author), 161 Kun Yang St, Taipei 115, Taiwan. EM jyyang@cdc.gov.tw NR 92 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 79 IS 20 BP 12623 EP 12634 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.20.12623-12634.2005 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 969OI UT WOS:000232243200002 PM 16188964 ER PT J AU Cummins, JE Boneva, RS Switzer, WM Christensen, LL Sandstrom, P Heneine, W Chapman, LE Dezzutti, CS AF Cummins, JE Boneva, RS Switzer, WM Christensen, LL Sandstrom, P Heneine, W Chapman, LE Dezzutti, CS TI Mucosal and systemic antibody responses in humans infected with simian foamy virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV; IGA; IDENTIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; MONKEYS; ANTIGEN; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; SPECIMENS; PROTEINS AB Simian foamy virus (SFV) infection and the subsequent immune response are not well characterized. Blood plasma, saliva, and urine were obtained from four humans and nine chimpanzees persistently infected with chimpanzee-type SFV for an unknown length of time. SFV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, but not IgA antibodies, against the Gag and Bet proteins were detected, by Western blotting, in all sample types from infected humans and chimpanzees. Overall, chimpanzee samples had higher anti-SFV IgG titers than humans. These results provide a first comparative evaluation of SFV-specific host mucosal humoral immunity in infected humans and chimpanzees that is characterized by a predominant IgG response and a virtually absent IgA response. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Canada, Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Bur HIV AIDS STD & TB, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RP Cummins, JE (reprint author), So Res Inst, 431 Aviat Way, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM cummins@sri.org OI Christensen, Logan/0000-0001-5736-8437 FU NICHD NIH HHS [5 F32 HD40727, F32 HD040727] NR 30 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 79 IS 20 BP 13186 EP 13189 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.20.13186-13189.2005 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 969OI UT WOS:000232243200058 PM 16189020 ER PT J AU Cooper, CP Saraiya, M McLean, TA Hannan, J Liesmann, JM Rose, SW Lawson, HW AF Cooper, CP Saraiya, M McLean, TA Hannan, J Liesmann, JM Rose, SW Lawson, HW TI Pap test intervals used by physicians serving low-income women through the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SCREENING PRACTICES; FOCUS GROUPS; NEOPLASIA AB The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP), administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), provides breast and cervical cancer screening to low-income women who are uninsured or underinsured. For women with three consecutive annual Pap tests with normal findings, the NBCCEDP supports extending the screening interval to every 3 years. Thirteen telephone focus groups were conducted with physician providers in 17 states and the District of Columbia to investigate familiarity with NBCCEDP's triennial Pap test policy, the Pap test intervals actually used, and the factors influencing screening interval selection. No participants were familiar with NBCCEDP's triennial Pap test policy, and none reported routinely extending the screening interval after three consecutive annual Pap tests with normal findings. Two patterns of screening interval use were reported: annual screeners continued performing yearly Pap tests, and selective extended screeners offered an extended interval to select patients. Annual and selective extended screeners reported that both unique and common factors influenced the screening intervals they used. The NBCCEDP has established its cancer screening priorities to focus limited resources on the goal of providing services to eligible women who have rarely or never been screened. Increased efforts are needed to educate physicians about the science supporting an extended Pap screening interval and overcome the barriers associated with its adoption. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mail Stop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM yzs2@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD OCT PY 2005 VL 14 IS 8 BP 670 EP 678 DI 10.1089/jwh.2005.14.670 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 984FQ UT WOS:000233288300001 PM 16232098 ER PT J AU McCree, DH Dempsey, AF AF McCree, DH Dempsey, AF TI Psychological impact of human papillomavirus and Pap testing in adolescents and young women SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID CERVICAL NEOPLASIA; NATURAL-HISTORY; INFECTION; CANCER; CYTOLOGY; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Robert Wood Johnson Clin Scholars Program, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA USA. RP McCree, DH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zyr1@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD OCT PY 2005 VL 14 IS 8 BP 742 EP 744 DI 10.1089/jwh.2005.14.742 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 984FQ UT WOS:000233288300010 PM 16232107 ER PT J AU Boone, J AF Boone, J TI A history of the QC gap in the clinical laboratory SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quality Control for the Future CY MAR 18, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Clin & Lab Standards Inst C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Partnerships, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boone, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Partnerships, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,D-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 36 IS 10 BP 611 EP 613 DI 10.1309/MXNDJG6RWGX44T2W PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 980GJ UT WOS:000233002200024 ER PT J AU Bright, RA Medina, MJ Xu, XY Perez-Oronoz, G Wallis, TR Davis, XHM Povinelli, L Cox, NJ Klimov, AI AF Bright, RA Medina, MJ Xu, XY Perez-Oronoz, G Wallis, TR Davis, XHM Povinelli, L Cox, NJ Klimov, AI TI Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005: a cause for concern SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID H5N1 INFLUENZA; NURSING-HOMES; AMANTADINE; RIMANTADINE; EMERGENCE; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; PROPHYLAXIS; THAILAND AB Background Adamantanes have been used to treat influenza A virus infections for many years. Studies have shown a low incidence of resistance to these drugs among circulating influenza viruses; however, their use is rising worldwide and drug resistance has been reported among influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from poultry and human beings in Asia. We sought to assess adamantane resistance among influenza A viruses isolated during the past decade from countries participating in WHO's global influenza surveillance network. Methods We analysed data for influenza field isolates that were obtained worldwide and submitted to the WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between Oct 1, 1994, and Mar 31, 2005. We used pyrosequencing, confirmatory sequence analysis, and phenotypic testing to detect drug resistance among circulating influenza A H3N2 (n=6524), H1N1 (n=589), and H1N2 (n=83) viruses. Findings More than 7000 influenza A field isolates were screened for specific aminoacid substitutions in the M2 gene known to confer drug resistance. During the decade of surveillance a significant increase in drug resistance was noted, from 0.4% in 1994-1995 to 12.3% in 2003-2004. This increase in the proportion of resistant viruses was weighted heavily by those obtained from Asia with 61% of resistant viruses isolated since 2003 being from people in Asia. Interpretation Our data raise concerns about the appropriate use of adamantanes and draw attention to the importance of tracking the emergence and spread of drug-resistant influenza A viruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bright, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rbright@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 422 Z9 482 U1 11 U2 33 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9492 BP 1175 EP 1181 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67338-2 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 970LK UT WOS:000232311300027 PM 16198766 ER PT J AU Wondji, C Simard, F Lehmann, T Fondjo, E Same-Ekobo, S Fontenille, D AF Wondji, C Simard, F Lehmann, T Fondjo, E Same-Ekobo, S Fontenille, D TI Impact of insecticide-treated bed nets implementation on the genetic structure of Anopheles arabiensis in an area of irrigated rice fields in the Sahelian region of Cameroon SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles arabiensis; Cameroon; effective population size; ITNs; malaria; microsatellite ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; PERMETHRIN-IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; GAMBIAE COMPLEX; MALARIA VECTOR; WEST-AFRICA; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; TEMPORAL CHANGES; DRY SEASON; DIFFERENTIATION; KENYA AB Variation at 12 microsatellite loci was investigated to assess the impact of the implementation of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) on the genetic structure of Anopheles arabiensis in Simatou, a village surrounded by irrigated rice fields in the Sahelian area of Cameroon. The An. arabiensis population of Simatou was sampled twice before ITN implementation, and twice after. Effective population size estimates (N-e) were similar across each time point, except for the period closely following ITN introduction where a nonsignificant reduction was recorded. Hence, we believe that ITN implementation resulted in a temporary bottleneck, rapidly followed by a demographic expansion. The genetic diversity of the population was not significantly affected since different genetic parameters (allele number, observed and expected heterozygosities) remained stable. Low estimates of genetic differentiation between the populations from Simatou and Lagdo, separated by 300 km, suggested extensive gene flow among populations of An. arabiensis in the Sahelian region of Cameroon. A decrease in the susceptibility to deltamethrin was observed following ITN introduction, but no kdr mutation was detected and a metabolic resistance mechanism is probably involved. The temporary effect of ITNs on the genetic structure of An. arabiensis population suggests that, to optimize the success of any control programme of this species based on ITNs, the control area should be very large and the programme should be implemented for a long period of time. C1 OCEAC, LRP, Yaounde, Cameroon. IRD, UR016, Yaounde, Cameroon. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30041 USA. Ministere Salud Publ, Programme Natl Lutte Contre Paludisme, Yaounde, Cameroon. Univ Yaounde I, Fac Med & Sci Biomed, Yaounde, Cameroon. IRD, LIN, UR016, F-34394 Montpellier, France. RP Wondji, C (reprint author), Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Vector Res Grp, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. EM c.s.wondji@liverpool.ac.uk RI FONTENILLE, didier/G-4091-2013; SIMARD, Frederic/J-9489-2016 OI SIMARD, Frederic/0000-0002-2871-5329 NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 14 IS 12 BP 3683 EP 3693 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02699.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 968ED UT WOS:000232143800005 PM 16202089 ER PT J AU Bernert, JT Jain, RB Pirkle, JL Wang, LQ Miller, BB Sampson, EJ AF Bernert, JT Jain, RB Pirkle, JL Wang, LQ Miller, BB Sampson, EJ TI Urinary tobacco-specific nitrosamines and 4-aminobiphenyl hemoglobin adducts measured in smokers of either regular or light cigarettes SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LUNG CARCINOGEN 4-(METHYLNITROSAMINO)-1-(3-PYRIDYL)-1-BUTANONE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SERUM COTININE LEVELS; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; BLADDER-CANCER RISK; WHITE SMOKERS; US POPULATION; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE AB Cigarette brands may differ in their reported yields of "tar" as determined by the Federal Trade Commission smoking-machine method. Brands with relatively lower tar and nicotine yields often are described as light cigarettes. Smokers of light cigarettes generally maintain a nicotine intake comparable to that of smokers of regular cigarettes through compensatory smoking behaviors, but similar data have not been reported for carcinogen biomarkers. In the present study we measured serum cotinine concentrations (a marker of nicotine exposure), urinary levels of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL, a tobacco-specific nitrosamine [TSNA]), and hemoglobin adducts of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) in 150 smokers of either regular or light cigarettes. The TSNA and aromatic amines are known carcinogens in tobacco smoke. Multiple regression models were developed for each of the analytes and used to calculate adjusted geometric means. We found no significant differences in the levels of these biomarkers between customary users of light and regular cigarettes. Thus the concentrations of the carcinogen biomarkers NNAL and 4-ABP in the smokers who regularly smoked light cigarettes were essentially the same as those in the smokers who chose regular cigarettes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bernert, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jtb2@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 7 IS 5 BP 729 EP 738 DI 10.1080/14622200500259762 PG 10 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 982CD UT WOS:000233134600004 PM 16191744 ER PT J AU Deneux-Tharaux, C Berg, C Bouvier-Colle, MH Gissler, M Harper, M Nannini, A Alexander, S Wildman, K Breart, G Buekens, P AF Deneux-Tharaux, C Berg, C Bouvier-Colle, MH Gissler, M Harper, M Nannini, A Alexander, S Wildman, K Breart, G Buekens, P TI Underreporting of pregnancy-related mortality in the United States and Europe SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL MORTALITY; DEATHS; CARE; SURVEILLANCE; FINLAND; FRANCE; WOMEN; CITY AB OBJECTIVE: Available maternal mortality statistics do not allow valid international comparisons. Our objective was to uniformly measure underreporting of mortality from pregnancy in official statistics from selected regions within the U.S. and Europe, and to provide comparable revised profiles of pregnancy-related mortality. METHODS: We developed a standardized enhanced method to uniformly identify and classify pregnancy-associated deaths from 2 U.S. states, Massachusetts and North Carolina, and 2 European countries, Finland and France, for the years 1999-2000. Identification method included the use of all data available from the death certificate as well as computerized linkage of births and deaths registers. All cases were reviewed and classified by an international panel of experts. RESULTS: Four-hundred-and-four pregnancy-associated deaths were identified and reviewed. Underestimation of mortality causally related to pregnancy based on International Classification of Diseases cause-of-death codes alone varied from 22% in France to 93% in Massachusetts. Underreporting was greater in the regions with lower initial maternal mortality ratios. The distribution of causes of pregnancy-related mortality was specific to each region. The leading causes of death were cardiovascular conditions in Massachusetts; hemorrhage, pregnancy-induced, hypertension, and peripartum cardiomyopathy in North Carolina; noncardiovascular medical conditions in Finland; and hemorrhage in France. CONCLUSION: This study shows the limitations of maternal mortality statistics based on International Classification of Diseases cause-of-death codes alone. Linkage of births and deaths registers should routinely be used in the ascertainment of pregnancy-related deaths. In addition, extension of the definition of a maternal death should be considered. Beyond pregnancy-related mortality ratios, considering the specific distribution of causes-of-death is important to define prevention strategies. C1 INSERM, U149, Epidemiol Res Unit Perinatal & Womens Hlth, Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth, STAKES, Helsinki, Finland. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Reprod Hlth Unit, Sch Publ Hlth, Brussels, Belgium. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Deneux-Tharaux, C (reprint author), Matern Hop Tenon, INSERM, U149, 4 Rue Chine, F-75020 Paris, France. EM catherine.deneux@tnn.aphp.fr RI Deneux-Tharaux, Catherine/R-1111-2016 OI Deneux-Tharaux, Catherine/0000-0002-6561-3321 NR 35 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 106 IS 4 BP 684 EP 692 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000174580.24281.e6 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 969GF UT WOS:000232221400004 PM 16199622 ER PT J AU Antao, VCD Petsonk, EL Sokolow, LZ Wolfe, AL Pinheiro, GA Hale, JM Attfield, MD AF Antao, VCD Petsonk, EL Sokolow, LZ Wolfe, AL Pinheiro, GA Hale, JM Attfield, MD TI Rapidly progressive coal workers' pneumoconiosis in the United States: geographic clustering and other factors SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MINERS; EXPOSURE AB Background: Despite significant progress made in reducing dust exposures in underground coal miners in the United States, severe cases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), including progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), continue to occur among coal miners. Aims: To identify US miners with rapidly progressive CWP and to describe their geographic distribution and associated risk factors. Methods: Radiographic evidence of disease progression was evaluated for underground coal miners examined through US federal chest radiograph surveillance programmes from 1996 to 2002. A case of rapidly progressive CWP was defined as the development of PMF and/or an increase in small opacity profusion greater than one subcategory over five years. County based prevalences were derived for both CWP and rapidly progressive cases. Results: A total of 886 cases of CWP were identified among 29 521 miners examined from 1996 to 2002. Among the subset of 783 miners with CWP for whom progression could be evaluated, 277 (35.4%) were cases of rapidly progressive CWP, including 41 with PMF. Miners with rapidly progressive CWP were younger than miners without rapid progression, were more likely to have worked in smaller mines (, 50 employees), and also reported longer mean tenure in jobs involving work at the face of the mine ( in contrast to other underground mining jobs), but did not differ with respect to mean underground tenure. There was a clear tendency for the proportion of cases of rapidly progressive CWP to be higher in eastern Kentucky, and western Virginia. Conclusions: Cases of rapidly progressive CWP can be regarded as sentinel health events, indicating inadequate prevention measures in specific regions. Such events should prompt investigations to identify causal factors and initiate appropriate additional measures to prevent further disease. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biolntelligence Ctr, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Antao, VCD (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM VAntao@cdc.gov RI Antao, Vinicius/B-5395-2013 OI Antao, Vinicius/0000-0002-8201-9973 NR 17 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 62 IS 10 BP 670 EP 674 DI 10.1136/oem.2004.019679 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 965OO UT WOS:000231960200003 PM 16169911 ER PT J AU Hnizdo, E Yu, L Freyder, L Attfield, M Lefante, J Glindmeyer, HW AF Hnizdo, E Yu, L Freyder, L Attfield, M Lefante, J Glindmeyer, HW TI The precision of longitudinal lung function measurements: monitoring and interpretation SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; PULMONARY-FUNCTION DATA; SPIROMETRY; VARIABILITY; RELIABILITY; PROGRAMS; HEALTH; ISSUES AB Background: The efficacy of decision making based on longitudinal spirometric measurements depends critically on the precision of the available data, which is determined by the magnitude of the within-person variation. Aims: Firstly, to describe and investigate two statistical methods - a pairwise estimate of within-person standard deviation s(p) and the reliability coefficient G - for use in the monitoring of precision of longitudinal measurements of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Secondly, to investigate the effect of longitudinal data precision on the detectable excess rate of decline in FEV1. Methods: The authors "monitored'' retrospectively on a yearly basis the magnitude of the within-person variation sp and the coefficient G in 11 workplace based spirometric monitoring programmes conducted from 1987 to 2001 on 12 729 workers in various industrial plants. Results: The plant-specific mean values (s) over bar (p) ( range 122 - 166 ml) and (G) over bar (range 0.88 - 0.95), averaged over all years of follow up, correlated well with the plant-specific within-person standard deviation s(r) ( range 130 - 177 ml) estimated from all longitudinal data. The correlations were 0.90 for (s) over bar (p) and 0.68 for (G) over bar. The average precision of the longitudinal FEV1 measurements affected the duration of follow up needed to identify a "true'' excess rate of decline in FEV1 in an individual. Conclusions: The results show that monitoring of longitudinal spirometry data precision ( 1) allows that data precision can be improved or maintained at levels that allow individuals with a rapid decline to be identified at an earlier age; and ( 2) attaches a measure of precision to the data on which decision making is based. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Constella Hlth Sci, Morgantown, WV USA. Tulane Med Sch, Dept Med, Sect Pulm Crit Care & Environm Med, New Orleans, LA USA. Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Biostat, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Hnizdo, E (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ehnizdo@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 62 IS 10 BP 695 EP 701 DI 10.1136/oem.2004.018424 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 965OO UT WOS:000231960200007 PM 16169915 ER PT J AU Gilbert, LK Bulger, J Scanlon, K Moyer, L AF Gilbert, LK Bulger, J Scanlon, K Moyer, L TI Viral hepatitis prevention education: what do people and providers need to know? SO PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE viral hepatitis prevention; health education; public health; health communication AB Although hepatitis has been on the decline overall, tens of thousands of new infections are still projected for the coming years. Few studies have investigated the basic (core) educational concepts that are essential to understanding viral hepatitis. This study surveyed three categories of people: (hepatitis 'experts', healthcare providers, and patients) to gather ideas for core concepts for two populations (healthcare providers and patients). The first round of data collection generated ideas for concepts and the second round provided rank orderings. Statistical analyses standardized the suggestions, and provided a numerical system of inclusion and exclusion of concepts. From this process, four lists of core concepts were compiled: hepatitis A, B, and C (individually) for healthcare providers, and hepatitis A, 13, and C (combined) for patients. These concepts are useful for educators, nurses and trainers in designing hepatitis prevention materials, counseling patients about hepatitis prevention, and teaching healthcare providers about hepatitis prevention. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ASHA, Res Hlth Promot & Evaluat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gilbert, LK (reprint author), ASHA, Res Hlth Promot & Evaluat, POB 13827, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM lisgil@ashastd.org FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50 CCU418796.01-02] NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0738-3991 J9 PATIENT EDUC COUNS JI Patient Educ. Couns. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 59 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.pec.2004.09.007 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 978GD UT WOS:000232860700006 PM 16198218 ER PT J AU Cohen, AL Christakis, DA Rivara, FP Davis, R AF Cohen, AL Christakis, DA Rivara, FP Davis, R TI Compliance with guidelines for the medical care of first urinary tract infections in infants - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cohen, AL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2005 VL 116 IS 4 BP 1052 EP 1052 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-1608 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 970FD UT WOS:000232289700043 ER PT J AU Dayan, GH Iskander, J Glasser, J English-Bullard, R Fullerton, KE Chen, R AF Dayan, GH Iskander, J Glasser, J English-Bullard, R Fullerton, KE Chen, R TI Tracking vaccine lot lifecycles using reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE vaccine; lot; lifecycle; adverse; event; reporting ID INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; CUTTER INCIDENT; SAFETY; POLIOMYELITIS AB Purpose There is currently no systematically available information on how rapidly a specific lot of vaccine is used once distributed. We used data from reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) to develop a proxy means of surveillance for the lifecycle of selected vaccine lots. Methods A convenience sample, consisting of selected lots of: diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Hepatitis B, and varicella vaccines, was selected for lifecycle analysis. Assuming that circulation of a vaccine lot is proportional to vaccine-specific adverse event (AE) reporting for that vaccine type, we constructed Gamma distributed usage models and compared them with lot-specific VAERS reports to estimate the actual lifecycle of lots in the system. Results Evidence of lot circulation was detected within 1-2 months, and a peak was observed 3-4 months after the vaccine release date for most of the study vaccines. Ninety percent of the vaccine doses in each lot were estimated to be used within 5-9 months of distribution. The length of time a vaccine lot was in use ranged from 5 to 17 months from earliest vaccination date. Conclusions Our modeled and inferred administration of the selected lots of different vaccines were concordant. This method may be useful for spatial and temporal tracking of vaccine lot utilization. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Off Informat Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dayan, GH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gdayan@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 14 IS 10 BP 671 EP 676 DI 10.1002/pds.1070 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 975NE UT WOS:000232668400001 PM 15662715 ER PT J AU Adekoya, N AF Adekoya, N TI Patients seen in emergency departments who had a prior visit within the previous 72 h - National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2002 SO PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE emergency departments; infectious diseases; return visits ID COSTS AB Objective: This study characterized emergency department (ED) visits of patients who had received services in an ED within the previous 72 h. Methods: ED data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were analysed for: (a) infectious-disease-related visits; (b) infectious-disease-related return visits; and (c) return visits reported within the previous 72 h for all. visits. Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of hospital EDs and were weighted to generate national estimates. Results: In 2002, an estimated 20.5 million ED visits occurred in the USA for infectious diseases, for a visit rate of 73/1000 people. A total of 3.5 million total return visits to EDs occurred within 72 h, and 67% were for follow-up visits. An estimated 625,280 return visits were for infectious diseases (18% of total ED return visits); 72% of these were for follow-up services. For total visits and infectious-disease-related visits, the majority of return visits were reported among those aged 25-44 years and among females. Discussion: Approximately seven of every 10 return visits to EDs in 2002 were for follow-up services, and no difference existed in the percentage of return visits for infectious diseases compared with total visits. A health services implication exists for treating this percentage of patients in EDs when primary care practitioners should be the point of contact. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Institute of Public Health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Adekoya, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, MS-E91,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nba7@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0033-3506 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH JI Public Health PD OCT PY 2005 VL 119 IS 10 BP 914 EP 918 DI 10.1016/j.puhe.2005.03.006 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 968OJ UT WOS:000232171500010 PM 16054180 ER PT J AU Oberste, AS Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, AS Pallansch, MA TI Enterovirus molecular detection and typing SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enterovirus; molecular diagnostics; reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; nucleic acid sequence-based amplification; serotype ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID SPECIMENS; REAL-TIME PCR; SEQUENCE-BASED AMPLIFICATION; LIQUID-PHASE HYBRIDIZATION; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE-PCR; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; RT-PCR; ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS; RAPID DIAGNOSIS AB Cell culture and neutralization have been considered the gold standard for enterovirus detection and identification for more than 50 years, but molecular amplification technologies are rapidly replacing the traditional methods in clinical and public health laboratories. Assays based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or nucleic acid sequence-based amplification may be used to detect enterovirus genome in all types of clinical specimens. More recently, nucleotide sequence has been used as a surrogate for antigenic typing (determination of serotype) by targeting parts of the enterovirus capsid-coding region that contain serotype-specific neutralization epitopes. This review will describe the molecular methods currently being used to diagnose enterovirus infection and disease, starting with the broadest level (family/genus detection) and proceeding through species/serotype identification to genotyping and molecular epidemiology. The commonly used molecular assays are usually more sensitive and more specific than cell culture and antigenic typing. They can reduce the turnaround time for testing of clinical diagnostic specimens to a clinically relevant timeframe and should supplant culture/neutralization as the gold standard in the near future. However, further evaluation and, in particular, more rigorous validation are required before a molecular diagnostic standard can be established. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 CLifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov NR 96 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0954-139X J9 REV MED MICROBIOL JI Rev. Med. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 IS 4 BP 163 EP 171 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 010UR UT WOS:000235223900005 ER PT J AU Peterman, TA Kahn, RH Ciesielski, CA Furness, BW Schillinger, JA Gunn, RA Taylor, M Berman, SM AF Peterman, TA Kahn, RH Ciesielski, CA Furness, BW Schillinger, JA Gunn, RA Taylor, M Berman, SM TI Misclassification of stages of syphilis - Authors' reply SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 BP 647 EP 647 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000179891.43128.6d PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 972NW UT WOS:000232461500013 ER PT J AU Blank, S Gallagher, K Washburn, K Rogers, M AF Blank, S Gallagher, K Washburn, K Rogers, M TI Reaching out to boys at bars: Utilizing community partnerships to employ a wellness strategy for syphilis control among men who have sex with men in New York city SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National STD Prevention Conference 2004 CY MAR 08-11, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP STD ID DRUG-USE; HEALTH; ASSOCIATION; ALCOHOL AB Objective: To explore the impact of a holistic approach for syphilis control to improve the sexual health and well-being of men who have sex with men (MSM). Goal: The New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene (NYC DOHMH) developed Hot Shot! to address a variety of general MSM health issues, including syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency virus. Results: Between November 2003 and June 2004, 9 Hot Shot! events were held throughout NYC. Services delivered at events included STD/HIV screening; relevant adult vaccinations, cardiovascular health screenings; and mental health, tobacco, and other drug use assistance. Of 1634 attendees, 445 persons accessed >= 1 service; 4 persons were newly diagnosed with syphilis and 7 with HIV. Conclusions: The Hot Shot! approach to syphilis control can facilitate STD education, screening, and treatment of MSM while addressing comprehensive health issues. Future integrated health service delivery programs may be more successful by using stable venues for events to ensure continuity of care for MSM. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, 125 Worth St,CN 73, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM sblank@health.nyc.gov NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 SU S BP S65 EP S72 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000175401.37527.de PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 973PR UT WOS:000232535600012 PM 16205296 ER PT J AU Buchacz, K Greenberg, A Onorato, I Janssen, R AF Buchacz, K Greenberg, A Onorato, I Janssen, R TI Syphilis epidemics and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence among men who have sex with men in the United States: Implications for HIV prevention SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; RISK BEHAVIOR; SAN-FRANCISCO; HIV-1-INFECTED MEN; TYPE-1 HIV-1; VIRAL LOAD; TRANSMISSION AB Recent outbreaks of syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) in major cities in the United States and reported increases in sexual risk behavior have raised concerns about potential increases in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. The majority of MSM who have early syphilis are HIV infected; in preliminary studies, rates of recent HIV infection among them are also high. Data from San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Seattle-King County, however, suggest no temporal increases in HIV incidence among MSM seeking HIV testing at select large public sites during the syphilis outbreaks. Because most HIV incidence and behavioral data are from large metropolitan areas with large gay populations and well-established HIV epidemics, we do not know Whether, nationally, incidence of HIV infection among MSM has been increasing, decreasing, or stable during syphilis outbreaks. Further studies of HIV incidence in larger and smaller cities with different maturities of HIV epidemic are warranted. Comprehensive and integrated HIV/STD prevention and control efforts are also needed to halt the spread of syphilis and reduce HIV transmission among gay and bisexual men. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Buchacz, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acu7@cdc.gov NR 75 TC 47 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 SU S BP S73 EP S79 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000180466.62579.4b PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 973PR UT WOS:000232535600013 PM 16205297 ER PT J AU Ciesielski, C Kahn, CH Taylor, M Gallagher, K Prescott, LJ Arrowsmith, S AF Ciesielski, C Kahn, CH Taylor, M Gallagher, K Prescott, LJ Arrowsmith, S TI Control of syphilis outbrearks in men who have sex with men: The role of screening in nonmedical settings SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PARTNER NOTIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; LOS-ANGELES; PREVENTION; INFECTION; COST; TRANSMISSION; GONORRHEA; HOUSTON AB Objective: To quantify the scope and yield of targeted syphilis screening in nonmedical settings in 7 US cities affected by recent syphilis outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Data were collected from syphilis screening activities targeting MSM between 1999 and 2004, conducted in bathhouses or other commercial sex. venues, MSM-oriented bars, mobile vans, and other nonmedical settings by the public health departments of Chicago, Houston, Miami/Fort Lauderdale, Los Angeles, NY, and San Francisco. Results: Of 14,143 syphilis screening tests (STS) conducted during community outreach campaigns at a variety of MSM oriented venues, 132 (0.9%) new cases of syphilis were identified. I One hundred five (0.8%) new cases of early syphilis were found, including 23 cases of symptomatic syphilis. Screening in jails produced the highest prevalence of early syphilis (1.3%, 51 cases/3853 STS), followed by sex venues, including bathhouses (1.2%, 29 cases/2511 STS). Conclusions: These data suggest that even nontraditional, highly targeted screening programs conducted during outbreak situations do not detect many persons with syphilis, even though many of the screening venues were locations where men with syphilis met their sex partners. The low prevalence of infectious syphilis identified during these screening events suggests that the direct impact of these programs on decreasing syphilis transmission may be negligible. However, the secondary benefits, such as increasing awareness of syphilis and prompting earlier treatment due to symptom recognition, may be substantial. C1 Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, STD HIV Prevent & Care Program, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeled Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Houston Dept Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. RP Ciesielski, C (reprint author), Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, STD HIV Prevent & Care Program, 530 E 31st St,2nd Floor, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM Ciesielski_Carol@cdph.org NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 SU S BP S37 EP S42 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000181148.80193.91 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 973PR UT WOS:000232535600007 PM 16205290 ER PT J AU Douglas, JM Peterman, TA Fenton, KA AF Douglas, JM Peterman, TA Fenton, KA TI Syphilis among men who have sex with men: Challenges to syphilis elimination in the United States SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BISEXUAL MEN; YOUNG GAY; HIV; OUTBREAK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Douglas, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jyd3@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 SU S BP S80 EP S83 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000180571.48799.8d PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 973PR UT WOS:000232535600014 PM 16205298 ER PT J AU Hogben, M Paffel, J Broussard, D Wolf, W Kenney, K George, D Samoff, E AF Hogben, M Paffel, J Broussard, D Wolf, W Kenney, K George, D Samoff, E TI Syphilis partner notification with men who have sex with men: A review and commentary SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; HIV AB Background: Eight US cities experienced large outbreaks of syphilis among men having sex with men (MSM), beginning during 2000-2001. Provider-assisted partner notification via disease intervention specialists has traditionally composed a large part of syphilis control efforts. Objectives: Report current effectiveness of syphilis partner notification for MSM and identify related problems and solutions. Result: One thousand five hundred seventeen MSM diagnosed with syphilis claimed 10,254 sex partners. Many claimed anonymous partners (median = 65%), or provided insufficient locating information.(median = 42%). Median cases found per index case were 0.09 (total = 116), although an additional 197 partners had been previously treated. Principal impediments to partner notification fell into 3 areas: (1) diagnosis outside health department settings delayed interviews, (2) partners were often anonymous, and (3) mistrust among MSM, public health professionals, and health care providers in private settings. Conclusions: Characteristics of the current outbreaks among MSM make traditional partner notification more difficult than in the past. Some modifications, complements, and even alternatives to partner notification are either planned or in operation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Houston Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bur HIV STD Prevent, Houston, TX USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhogben@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 SU S BP S43 EP S47 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000180565.54023.bf PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 973PR UT WOS:000232535600008 PM 16205292 ER PT J AU McFarlane, M Kachur, R Klausner, JD Roland, E Cohen, M AF McFarlane, M Kachur, R Klausner, JD Roland, E Cohen, M TI Internet-based health promotion and disease control in the 8 cities: Successes, barriers, and future plans SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; SYPHILIS; PREVENTION; OUTBREAK; HIV; MEN; SEX AB Objectives: The objective of this paper is to provide a detailed description of Internet-based sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus prevention in the 8 US cities most affected by syphilis in men who have sex with men. Goal: By reviewing the efforts under way in these 8 cities, we will understand the barriers and facilitators associated with Internet-based prevention efforts. Study: This is a review of Internet activities taking place in 8 major US cities. Results: Efforts in the 8 cities vary, with some cities reporting little or no Internet-based prevention activities. Other cities have attempted banner advertising, online outreach, online partner notification, online laboratory slips for syphilis testing, and auditorium-style chat sessions. Conclusion: Though a number of policy-related barriers prevent some cities from engaging in Internet-based prevention, these activities are clearly important to the overall prevention effort. In order to surmount local policy barriers, it is essential to obtain evaluation data from the programs initiated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. San Francisco Dept Hlth, STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. United Fdn AIDS, Miami, FL USA. Montrose Clin, Houston, TX USA. RP McFarlane, M (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM xzm3@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 SU S BP S60 EP S64 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000180464.77968.e2 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 973PR UT WOS:000232535600011 PM 16205295 ER PT J AU Peterman, TA Collins, DE Aral, SO AF Peterman, TA Collins, DE Aral, SO TI Responding to the epidemics of syphilis among men who have sex with men: Introduction to the special issue SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tap1@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 SU S BP S1 EP S3 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000180454.23228.80 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 973PR UT WOS:000232535600001 PM 16205285 ER PT J AU Peterman, TA Heffelfinger, JD Swint, EB Groseclose, SL AF Peterman, TA Heffelfinger, JD Swint, EB Groseclose, SL TI The changing epidemiology of syphilis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UNITED-STATES; RISK BEHAVIOR; HIV EPIDEMIC; MEN; GONORRHEA; SEX; TRENDS; INCREASES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tap1@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 SU S BP S4 EP S10 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000180455.79024.e9 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 973PR UT WOS:000232535600002 PM 16205291 ER PT J AU Schmitt, K Bulecza, S George, D Burns, TE Jordahl, L AF Schmitt, K Bulecza, S George, D Burns, TE Jordahl, L TI Florida's multifaceted response for increases in syphilis among MSM: The Miami-Ft. Lauderdale initiative SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV; RISK AB After many years of declining rates, it became apparent in 1999 that syphilis cases were on the rise in Florida. Data analysis identified that the outbreak was predominately contained in Miami and Ft. Lauderdale and among men who have sex with men. An in-depth investigation was undertaken to identify the risk factors, the best way to attack the outbreak, and how to build sustainability into implemented strategies. After thorough review of the data and extensive dialogue with local public health and community participants, the Bureau of STD Prevention & Control developed initiatives that focused public awareness through print, radio, and television media resources; expanded access to men's health services; and enhanced education/training for public and private health care providers, STD program field staff, and community representatives. This initiative has resulted in unprecedented community involvement in syphilis control efforts. C1 Florida Dept Hlth, Bur STD Prevent & Control, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Miami, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Miami, FL USA. RP Schmitt, K (reprint author), Florida Dept Hlth, Bur STD Prevent & Control, 4052 Bald Cypress Way,BIN A-19, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. EM karla_schmitt@doh.state.fl.us NR 5 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 SU S BP S19 EP S23 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000180459.61712.bd PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 973PR UT WOS:000232535600004 PM 16205287 ER PT J AU Taylor, M Prescott, L Brown, J Wong, W Allen, M Broussard, D Jordahl, L Kerndt, P AF Taylor, M Prescott, L Brown, J Wong, W Allen, M Broussard, D Jordahl, L Kerndt, P TI Activities to increase provider awareness of early syphilis in men who have sex with men in 8 cities, 2000-2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Objective: Describe provider awareness campaigns undertaken in response to syphilis epidemics among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Descriptive data from 8 cities facing MSM syphilis epidemics was compiled. Results: Provider awareness efforts included medical alerts, provider visits, lectures to providers on symptom recognition and treatment, and ongoing provision of syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) morbidity information through mailings, visits, and e-mail communications. Increases in private provider reporting of syphilis cases followed provider visits in Atlanta and overall provider education efforts in New York City. Decreases in reporting delays and increases in physician calls to the STD program were reported in San Francisco following provider syphilis lectures. Increases in provider participation in community action meetings followed provider awareness efforts in Houston, Chicago, and Miami. Conclusions: Various methods were used to increase provider awareness of syphilis in these 8 cities. The cost and impact of these activities merits more formal evaluation to determine their contribution to syphilis control in MSM. C1 Los Angeles Cty STD Program, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Houston STD Prevent Program, Houston, TX USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur STD Control, New York, NY USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco City Clin, San Francisco, CA USA. Fulton Cty STD Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, STD Control Program, Chicago, IL USA. State Florida Dept Hlth, Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, STD Program, Miami, FL USA. RP Taylor, M (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty STD Program, 2615 S Grand Ave,Room 500, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. EM taylonn@azdhs.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 SU S BP S24 EP S29 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000180460.68191.ab PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 973PR UT WOS:000232535600005 PM 16205288 ER PT J AU Taylor, M Montoya, JA Cantrell, R Mitchell, SJ Williams, M Jordahl, L Freeman, M Brown, J Broussard, D Roland, E AF Taylor, M Montoya, JA Cantrell, R Mitchell, SJ Williams, M Jordahl, L Freeman, M Brown, J Broussard, D Roland, E TI Interventions in the commercial sex industry during the rise in syphilis rates among men who have sex with men (MSM) SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; SAN-FRANCISCO; BISEXUAL MEN; HIV RISK; GAY; BEHAVIOR; INCREASES; PARTNERS; INTERNET; WORKERS AB Objective: Describe sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus prevention interventions targeting men who have sex with men (MSM) in commercial sex venues (CSV). Study: Compilation of descriptive and evaluation data from the CDC 8-city MSM Syphilis Response on interventions conducted in bathhouses/sex clubs, circuit parties, the Internet, male sex workers, and the adult film industry. Results: Interventions in the commercial sex industry (CSI) often involved multiple collaborative efforts between public health departments (PHD), community-based organizations (CBO), and CSV owners and managers. Education and condoms were provided at multiple venues, including circuit parties, bathhouses, and sex clubs. CBO staff reported one-on-one street and CSV outreach to engage MSM at risk. Evaluation data demonstrate that MSM exposed to media campaigns were more aware of syphilis and more likely to have been tested for syphilis than MSM who did not see the campaigns. Conclusions: PHD and CBO are using multiple means of rea ching MSM in the CSI. Evaluations are needed to determine which of these efforts decreases syphilis transmission. C1 Los Angeles Cty STD Program, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Los Angeles, CA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Houston, TX USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, New York, NY USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, STD Control Program, Chicago, IL USA. Montrose Clin, Houston, TX USA. RP Taylor, M (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty STD Program, Dept Hlth Serv, 2615 S Grand Ave,Room 500, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. EM metaylor@dhs.co.la.ca.us NR 34 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 SU S BP S53 EP S59 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000180453.31255.2d PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 973PR UT WOS:000232535600010 PM 16205294 ER PT J AU Gimnig, JE Lindblade, KA Mount, DL Atieli, FK Crawford, S Wolkon, A Hawley, WA Dotson, EM AF Gimnig, JE Lindblade, KA Mount, DL Atieli, FK Crawford, S Wolkon, A Hawley, WA Dotson, EM TI Laboratory wash resistance of long-lasting insecticidal nets SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria prevention; long-lasting insecticide-treated bednets; wash resistance AB Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) may eliminate the need for retreatment of mosquito nets used for the control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases. The efficacy of LLINs after repeated washing under laboratory conditions has been used to predict long-lasting efficacy under field conditions. We evaluated under laboratory conditions the wash resistance of two LLINs (PermaNet (R) 1.0, Vestergaard-Frandsen, Denmark; Olyset (R), Sumitomo Chemical Co., Japan), two candidate LLINs (Dawa (R), Siamdutch Mosquito Netting Co., Thailand; Insector, Athanor, France) and a net treated with a process designed to increase its wash resistance and compared them with conventionally treated nets (deltamethrin, 25 mg/m(2)). Nets of all six types were washed using a standard protocol and tested weekly using WHO cone bioassays with Anopheles gambiae (Kisumu strain). The PermaNet (R) 1.0 was the most wash resistant with > 50% mosquito mortality in WHO cone bioassays after as many as 20 washes. The Dawa (R) net also retained some activity after repeated washing but exhibited wide variation in insecticide retention and biological activity. The remaining nets lost > 90% of their biological activity after six washes as measured by 24-h mortality of A. gambiae in WHO cone tests. After 20 washes, all nets lost > 50% of their initial insecticide concentrations except for the Olyset (R) net. After 20 washes, nets were heated for 4 h at 60 degrees C to determine whether biological activity could be restored by heat-assisted regeneration. Only the Olyset (R) net was regenerated by heating, with average mosquito mortality and knockdown in WHO cone tests rising to > 90% after heating for 4 h at 60 degrees C. However, regeneration of the biological activity of Olyset (R) nets that had been washed three times did not occur at 30 degrees C or 35 degrees C after 12 weeks. The wash resistance of these LLINs corresponded well to their retention of biological activity observed in a field trial, suggesting that wash resistance may be a good predictor of the longevity of insecticidal activity of LLINs under field conditions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Gimnig, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F42,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jgimnig@cdc.gov; kil2@cdc.gov; dmount@cdc.gov; fatieli@cdc.gov; svyrostek@cdc.gov; awolkon@cdc.gov; whawley@cdc.gov; edotson@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD OCT PY 2005 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1022 EP 1029 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01481.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 967OP UT WOS:000232101000011 PM 16185237 ER PT J AU Sanchez, A Rollin, PE AF Sanchez, A Rollin, PE TI Complete genome sequence of an Ebola virus (Sudan species) responsible for a 2000 outbreak of human disease in Uganda SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ebola; Sudan; filovirus; virus; genome; RNA ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MARBURG VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; VIRION GLYCOPROTEINS; VP40 PROTEIN; VP35; TRANSCRIPTION; FILOVIRUSES; ANTAGONIST; RESTON AB The entire genomic RNA of the Gulu (Uganda 2000) strain of Ebola virus was sequenced and compared to the genomes of other filoviruses. This data represents the first comprehensive genetic analysis for a representative isolate of the Sudan species of Ebola virus. The genome organization of the Sudan species is nearly identical to that of the Zaire species, but the presence of a gene overlap (between GP and VP30 genes) and a longer trailer sequence distinguish it from that of the Reston species. As has been observed with other filoviruses, stemloop structures were predicted to form at the 5' end of Ebola Sudan mRNA molecules, and the genomic RNA termini showed a high degree of sequence complimentarily. Comparisons of the amino acid sequences of encoded gene products shows that there is a comparable level of identity or similarity between Ebola virus species, with Sudan and Zaire actually showing a slightly closer relationship to the Reston species than to one another. These comparisons also indicated that the VP24 is the most conserved Ebola virus protein (followed closely by the VP40 and L proteins), while the GP is the least conserved gene product. The most divergent regions were seen in the C-terminus of GP1 (mucin-like region) and within the C-terminal third of the nucleoprotein sequence. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sanchez, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Bldg 15,Room SB611,Mail Stop G, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ASanchez1@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 23 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 113 IS 1 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.03.028 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 966LU UT WOS:000232022200002 PM 16139097 ER PT J AU Kline, RL Regnery, RL Armstrong, GL Damon, IK AF Kline, RL Regnery, RL Armstrong, GL Damon, IK TI Stability of diluted smallpox vaccine under simulated clinical conditions SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccinia; smallpox vaccine; vaccine stability AB Context: During a mass smallpox immunization campaign, vaccine may be exposed to ambient temperatures for extended periods of time. Objective: To determine the viability of undiluted and 5 x diluted DryVax smallpox vaccine after cycling vaccine in and out of refrigeration for 2 weeks, as might occur during an immunization campaign. Design: Two vials of Dryvax vaccine were reconstituted as per manufacturer's instructions (1 x) and two vials were reconstituted using 5 x the recommended diluent (5 x). Every 12 h over 2 weeks, vials were cycled between refrigeration and room temperature (1 x -RT, 5 x -RT) or ice bath (1 x -cold, 5 x -cold). Each vial was sampled in triplicate at time of reconstitution and thereafter at 24 or 48 h intervals. Main outcome measures: Viability measured by viral plaque forming Units per ml (pfu/ml). Results: All four vaccine vials showed a decline in virus titer over the 2-week period but remained well above 10(7) pfu/ml. Compared with titers on the day of reconstitution (day 0), titers at the end of the study (day 14) had declined by 0.4-0.6 log in all vials (Table 1). Linear regression analysis suggested that decay in viral titer occurred more rapidly in vials exposed to room temperature compared with vials kept on ice and in vaccine diluted 1 x compared with vaccine diluted 5 x. Conclusions: After 2 weeks, viability was greater than 10(7) pfu/ml, the titer suggested by Frey et al. as necessary to ensure successful vaccination in more than 97% of vaccinees. When removed from refrigeration, keeping the vaccine on ice lowers the decline in titer. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Damon, IK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-43 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM idamon@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 30 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 41 BP 4944 EP 4946 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.05.016 PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 968UZ UT WOS:000232189500008 PM 16005123 ER PT J AU Jones, JF Kulkarni, PS Butera, ST Reeves, WC AF Jones, JF Kulkarni, PS Butera, ST Reeves, WC TI GB virus-C - a virus without a disease: We cannot give it chronic fatigue syndrome SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-G VIRUS; INFECTION; ASSOCIATION; PERSISTENCE; ANTIBODY; ABSENCE AB Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness in search of an infectious etiology. GB virus-C (GBV-C) virus is a flavivirus with cell tropism and host defense induction qualities compatible with a role in producing the syndrome. The GBV-C genome is detectable in 4% of the population and 12% of the population is seropositive. The present study evaluated the association between infection with GBV and CFS. Methods: We used a commercial EIA to detect antibodies against the GBV-C E2 protein and a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay to detect active GBV-C infection. Sera were from a case control study of CFS in Atlanta, Georgia. The Fisher's exact two-tailed test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Two of 12 CFS patients and one of 21 controls were seropositive for prior GBV-C infection and one control had viral RNA detected, indicating active infection. The results are not statistically different. Conclusion: We found no evidence that active or past infection with GBV is associated with CFS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jones, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jaj9@cdc.gov; pgk7@cdc.gov; stb3@cdc.gov; wcr1@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD SEP 28 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 78 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-5-78 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 974OG UT WOS:000232600700001 PM 16191201 ER PT J AU Sniffen, JC Cooper, TW Johnson, D Blackmore, C Patel, P Harduar-Morano, L Sanderson, R Ourso, A Granger, K Schulte, J Ferdinands, JM Moolenaar, RL Dunn, K Damon, S Van Sickle, D Chertow, D AF Sniffen, JC Cooper, TW Johnson, D Blackmore, C Patel, P Harduar-Morano, L Sanderson, R Ourso, A Granger, K Schulte, J Ferdinands, JM Moolenaar, RL Dunn, K Damon, S Van Sickle, D Chertow, D TI Carbon monoxide poisoning from hurricane-associated use of portable generators - Florida, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 697-700, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Florida Hosp, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sniffen, JC (reprint author), Florida Hosp, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. RI Dunn, Kevin/I-2195-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 28 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 12 BP 1482 EP 1483 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 967TF UT WOS:000232113400007 ER PT J AU Bailey, MA Glover, R Huang, Y AF Bailey, MA Glover, R Huang, Y TI Epidemiologic assessment of the impact of four hurricanes - Florida, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 693-697, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Florida Dept Hlth, Div Dis Control, Bur Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bailey, MA (reprint author), Florida Dept Hlth, Div Dis Control, Bur Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 28 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 12 BP 1484 EP 1485 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 967TF UT WOS:000232113400008 ER PT J AU Darling, N Santibanez, T Santoli, J AF Darling, N Santibanez, T Santoli, J TI National, state, and urban area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 717, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Darling, N (reprint author), CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Darling, Nancy/A-2950-2008 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 28 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 12 BP 1485 EP 1486 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 967TF UT WOS:000232113400009 ER PT J AU Thompson, WW Shay, DK Weintraub, E Brammer, L Cox, NJ Fuhuda, K AF Thompson, WW Shay, DK Weintraub, E Brammer, L Cox, NJ Fuhuda, K TI Influenza vaccination among the elderly in the United States SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID MORTALITY; IMPACT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thompson, WW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wct2@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD SEP 26 PY 2005 VL 165 IS 17 BP 2038 EP 2039 DI 10.1001/archinte.165.17.2038-b PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 967SZ UT WOS:000232112800018 PM 16186478 ER PT J AU Van Loock, M Verminnen, K Messmer, TO Volckaert, G Goddeeris, BM Vanrompay, D AF Van Loock, M Verminnen, K Messmer, TO Volckaert, G Goddeeris, BM Vanrompay, D TI Use of a nested PCR-enzyme immunoassay with an internal control to detect Chlamydophila psittaci in turkeys SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROCESSING PLANT; ORNITHOSIS; PNEUMONIAE; OUTBREAK; WORKERS; SAMPLES; BIRDS AB Background: Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydophila psittaci, an important turkey respiratory pathogen, is difficult. To facilitate the diagnosis, a nested PCR-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) was developed to detect the Cp. psittaci outer membrane protein A ( ompA) gene in pharyngeal swabs. Methods: The fluorescein-biotin labelled PCR products were immobilized on streptavidin-coated microtiter plates and detected with anti-fluorescein peroxidase conjugate and a colorimetric substrate. An internal inhibition control was included to rule out the presence of inhibitors of DNA amplification. The diagnostic value of the ompA nested PCR-EIA in comparison to cell culture and a 16S-rRNA based nested PCR was assessed in pharyngeal turkey swabs from 10 different farms experiencing respiratory disease. Results: The sensitivity of the nested PCR-EIA was established at 0.1 infection forming units (IFU). Specificity was 100%. The ompA nested PCR-EIA was more sensitive than the 16S-rRNA based nested PCR and isolation, revealing 105 out of 200 ( 52.5%) positives against 13 and 74 for the latter two tests, respectively. Twenty-nine (23.8%) out of 122 ompA PCR-EIA negatives showed the presence of inhibitors of DNA amplification, although 27 of them became positive after diluting (1/ 10) the specimens in PCR buffer or after phenol-chloroform extraction and subsequent ethanol precipitation. Conclusion: The present study stresses the need for an internal control to confirm PCR true-negatives and demonstrates the high prevalence of chlamydiosis in Belgian turkeys and its potential zoonotic risk. The ompA nested PCR-EIA described here is a rapid, highly sensitive and specific diagnostic assay and will help to facilitate the diagnosis of Cp. psittaci infections in both poultry and man. C1 Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Biosyst, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. State Univ Ghent, Dept Mol Biotechnol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. State Univ Ghent, Dept Virol Parasitol & Immunol, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. RP Goddeeris, BM (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Biosyst, KAsteelpk Arenberg 30, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. EM marnix.van.loock@pandora.be; Kristel.Verminnen@UGent.be; TMessmer@cdc.gov; Guido.Volckaert@biw.kuleuven.be; Bruno.Goddeeris@biw.kuleuven.be; Daisy.Vanrompay@UGent.be RI Goddeeris, Bruno/L-2440-2015 OI Goddeeris, Bruno/0000-0003-3729-7592 NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD SEP 26 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 76 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-5-76 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 973JL UT WOS:000232518600002 PM 16185353 ER PT J AU Warny, M Pepin, J Fang, A Killgore, G Thompson, A Brazier, J Frost, E McDonald, LC AF Warny, M Pepin, J Fang, A Killgore, G Thompson, A Brazier, J Frost, E McDonald, LC TI Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID BINARY TOXIN; ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; PATHOGENICITY LOCUS; GENES; TOXINOTYPES; POLYMORPHISM AB Background Toxins A and B are the primary virulence factors of Clostridium difficile. Since 2002, an epidemic of C difficile-associated disease with increased morbidity and mortality has been present in Quebec province, Canada. We characterised the dominant strain of this epidemic to determine whether it produces higher amounts of toxins A and B than those produced by non-epidemic strains. Methods We obtained isolates from 124 patients from Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke in Quebec. Additional isolates from the USA, Canada, and the UK were included to increase the genetic diversity of the toxinotypes tested. Isolate characterisation included toxinotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PCR ribotyping, detection of a binary toxin gene, and detection of deletions in a putative negative regulator for toxins A and B (tcdC). By use of an enzyme-linked immunoassay, we measured the in-vitro production of toxins A and B by epidemic strain and non-dominant strain isolates. Findings The epidemic strain was characterised as toxinotype III, North American PFGE type 1, and PCR-ribotype 027 (NAP1/027). This strain carried the binary toxin gene cdtB and an 18-bp deletion in tcdC. We isolated this strain from 72 patients with C difficile-associated disease (58 [67%] of 86 with health-care-associated disease; 14 [37%] of 38 with community-acquired disease). Peak median (IQR) toxin A and toxin B concentrations produced in vitro by NAP1/027 were 16 and 23 times higher, respectively, than those measured in isolates representing 12 different PFGE types, known as toxinotype 0 (toxin A, median 848 mu g/L [IQR 504-10221 vs 54 mu g/L [23-203]; toxin B, 180 mu g/L [137-210] vs 8 mu g/L [5-25]; p< 0.0001 for both toxins). Interpretation The severity of C difficile-associated disease caused by NAP1/027 could result from hyperproduction of toxins A and B. Dissemination of this strain in North America and Europe could lead to important changes in the epidemiology of C difficile-associated disease. C1 Acambis Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Microbiol Cardiff Univ Hosp Wales, Natl Publ Hlth Serv Wales, Anaerobe Reference Lab, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. RP Warny, M (reprint author), Acambis Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM michel.warny@acambis.com OI Frost, Eric/0000-0001-8958-4388 NR 31 TC 819 Z9 845 U1 6 U2 43 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 24 PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9491 BP 1079 EP 1084 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67420-X PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 967TL UT WOS:000232114000025 PM 16182895 ER PT J AU Washington, ML Humiston, SG Fauerbach, PB Glezen, WP Black, S Shinefield, H Pulley, J AF Washington, ML Humiston, SG Fauerbach, PB Glezen, WP Black, S Shinefield, H Pulley, J TI Personnel time-motion study of intranasal influenza vaccination in healthy children SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE time and motion study; influenza; feasibility study; intranasal vaccine ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; HOSPITALIZATIONS; EPIDEMICS; VISITS; SPENT; CARE AB Vaccinating millions of Americans depends, in part, on short vaccination times. During two intranasal influenza vaccine trials, times for six vaccination steps were recorded for 497 children. The total of mean times for the steps was 115 s, almost half spent explaining the vaccine and intranasal delivery. Intranasal influenza vaccination time showed little variation by patient age, was comparable to reported intramuscular vaccination times, and was a small fraction of the visit time. Total family visit time decreased by 64 s if the youngest child was receiving a second dose. Alternative delivery systems (e.g., group visits) are needed to take advantage of short vaccination times. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Emergency Med, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Healthworcs, Madison, WI USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Inst Vaccine & Pharmacol Res, San Francisco, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Medimmune Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Washington, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E52, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM MWashington@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 23 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 40 BP 4879 EP 4885 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.05.006 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 969FG UT WOS:000232218600009 PM 16005551 ER PT J AU Snyder, JA AF Snyder, JA TI Carboxylate binding to Be2+ in proteins and influence of the dielectric environment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID BROWNIAN DYNAMICS PROGRAM; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTROSTATICS; SIMULATIONS; DIFFUSION; BERYLLIUM AB To gain insight into the interaction of Be2+ ions with negatively charged protein residues, the free energy changes associated with the replacement of water molecules in the first hydration shell of Be(H2O)(2+)(4) with one and two acetate anions were computed for the gas phase reactions using ab initio methods at the MP2 and DFT-B3LYP computational levels. Both unidentate and bidentate modes of coordination of the carboxylate group with the Be2+ ion are considered. Continuum dielectric calculations were then performed to estimate the corresponding. free energy changes in several environments of varying dielectric strength. Environments with dielectric constants of 2 and 4, which represent a protein interior, and 78, which corresponds to water, were used. It is found that the free energy changes for the substitution reactions decrease in magnitude with increasing dielectric strength, in agreement with similar results reported for Mg2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+ (Dudev et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 3692). However, unlike Mg2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+, the free energy change for single-anion or concerted two-anion substitution reactions with Be(H2O)(2+)(4) remains negative and indicates the reactions are still favorable in the high dielectric aqueous environment. It is also found that the unidentate mode of binding is favored over the bidentate mode, and this is attributed, in part, to the introduction of hydrogen bonds between one carboxylate oxygen and a water molecule within the cluster when unidentate binding with Be2+ is involved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Snyder, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM zyu4@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 22 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 37 BP 17757 EP 17761 DI 10.1021/jp050614w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 964ZZ UT WOS:000231920800056 PM 16853271 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL AF Gerberding, JL TI Protecting health - The new research imperative SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Jgerberding@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 21 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 11 BP 1403 EP 1406 DI 10.1001/jama.294.11.1403 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 965YW UT WOS:000231987800017 PM 16174702 ER PT J AU Rowe, AK de Savigny, D Lanata, CF Victora, CG AF Rowe, AK de Savigny, D Lanata, CF Victora, CG TI How can we achieve and maintain high-quality performance of health workers in low-resource settings? SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; DRUG-USE; CHILDHOOD ILLNESS; CARE; FACILITIES; MANAGEMENT; CHILDREN; KNOWLEDGE AB In low and middle income countries, health workers are essential for the delivery of health interventions. However, inadequate health-worker performance is a very widespread problem. We present an overview of issues and evidence about the determinants of performance and strategies for improving it. Health-worker practices are complex behaviours that have many potential influences. Reviews of intervention studies in low and middle income countries suggest that the simple dissemination of written guidelines is often ineffective, that supervision and audit with feedback is generally effective, and that multifaceted interventions might be more effective than single interventions. Few interventions have been evaluated with rigorous cost-effectiveness trials, and such studies are urgently needed to guide policy. We propose an international collaborative research agenda to generate knowledge about the true determinants of performance and about the effectiveness of strategies to improve performance. Furthermore, we recommend that ministries of health and international organisations should actively help translate research findings into action to improve health-worker performance, and thereby improve health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. Tanzania Minist Hlth, Tanzania Essential Hlth Intervent Project, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Inst Invest Nutr, Lima, Peru. Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM axr9@cdc.gov RI Epidemiologicas, Centro de pesquisas /D-4561-2013; Victora, Cesar/D-4476-2013; OI Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180 NR 79 TC 386 Z9 388 U1 3 U2 35 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 17 PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9490 BP 1026 EP 1035 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67028-6 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 965MZ UT WOS:000231955900038 PM 16168785 ER PT J AU Law, DCG Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW Dunson, DB Longnecker, MP AF Law, DCG Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW Dunson, DB Longnecker, MP TI Maternal serum levels of polychlorinated Biphenyls and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and time to pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene; fertility; fertilization; hydrocarbons; chlorinated; polychlorinated biphenyls; pregnancy; reproduction ID PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; CONTAMINATED SPORT FISH; HUMAN FOLLICULAR-FLUID; BREAST-FEEDING WOMEN; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; LAKE-ONTARIO; RISK-FACTOR; HUMAN-MILK; CONSUMPTION AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), once used widely in transformers and other applications, and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), the main metabolite of the pesticide 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), are hormonally active agents. Changes in menstrual cycle functioning associated with PCBs and DDE, and increased odds of spontaneous abortion associated with DDE, suggest that these compounds could affect fertility. The authors investigated the association between PCB and DDE exposure and time to pregnancy by using serum levels measured in 390 pregnant women in the Collaborative Perinatal Project enrolled at 12 study centers in the United States from 1959 to 1965. They estimated adjusted fecundability odds ratios by using Cox proportional hazards modeling for discrete time data. Compared with time to pregnancy for women in the lowest exposure category (PCBs < 1.24 mu g/liter, DDE < 14 mu g/liter), time to pregnancy increased for women in the highest exposure category in terms of both PCBs (fecundability odds ratio for PCBs >= 5.00 mu g/liter = 0.65, 95% confidence interval: 0.36, 1.18) and DDE (fecundability odds ratio for DDE >= 60 mu g/liter = 0.65, 95% confidence interval: 0.32, 1.31). Overall, time to pregnancy increased with increasing serum PCB levels but was less suggestive of an association with DDE. Both trends were imprecise and attenuated when expressed on a lipid basis. Overall, evidence of an association between PCB or DDE exposure and time to pregnancy was weak and inconclusive. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. Warren Wilson Coll, Dept Chem, Asheville, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 111 TW Alexander Dr,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM longnec1@niehs.nih.gov OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 74 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 6 BP 523 EP 532 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi240 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 961XL UT WOS:000231695000005 PM 16093292 ER PT J AU Kuklenyik, Z Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Kuklenyik, Z Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Measurement of 18 perfluorinated organic acids and amides in human serum using on-line solid-phase extraction SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SURFACE-WATER SAMPLES; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION; RIVER; RAT; PERFLUOROCHEMICALS; FLUOROCHEMICALS; PREGNANCY AB We have developed an on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) method coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/ MS) for measuring trace levels of 18 perfluorinated chemicals (3 perfluorosulfonates, 8 perfluorocarboxylates, 7 perfluorosulfonamides) in serum. Without protein precipitation, only dilution with 0.1 M formic acid, one aliquot of 100 mu L of serum was injected into a commercial column switching system that allowed for concurrent SPE and HPLC-MS/MS acquisition. First, the analytes were concentrated on a C18 SPE column. Then, this column was placed automatically in front of a C8 analytic HPLC column for chromatographic separation of the analytes. Detection and quantification were done using negative-ion TurbolonSpray ionization, a variant of electrospray ionization, MS/MS. Excellent recovery was achieved for all analytes including the volatile sulfonamide derivatives that could not be determined before using traditional offline SPE methods. The high throughput and low limits of detection (0.05-0.8 ng/mL) using a small sample volume (100 mu L of serum) and isotope dilution quantification make this method suitable for large-scale epidemiologic studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kuklenyik, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ZKuklenyik@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 35 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 18 BP 6085 EP 6091 DI 10.1021/ac050671l PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 964ZL UT WOS:000231919400040 PM 16159145 ER PT J AU Bauer, HM Mark, KE Samuel, M Wang, SA Weismuller, P Moore, D Gunn, RA Peter, C Vannier, A DeAugustine, N Klausner, JD Knapp, JS Bolan, G AF Bauer, HM Mark, KE Samuel, M Wang, SA Weismuller, P Moore, D Gunn, RA Peter, C Vannier, A DeAugustine, N Klausner, JD Knapp, JS Bolan, G TI Prevalence of and associated risk factors for fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in California, 2000-2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; UNITED-STATES; EMERGENCE; CIPROFLOXACIN; SURVEILLANCE; HAWAII; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; SPREAD AB Background. Rates of fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (QRNG) are increasing worldwide and in California. Methods. As a supplement to established surveillance, the investigation of QRNG in California included expanded surveillance in southern California, with in-depth interviews of patients (who had QRNG during the period of January 2001 - June 2002) and a cross-sectional study of patients at 4 sexually transmitted diseases clinics with gonococcal isolates that underwent susceptibility testing (for the period of July 2001 - June 2002). Results. The rate of QRNG increased from < 1% in 1999 to 20.2% in the second half of 2003. The 2001 - 2002 expanded surveillance demonstrated that 66 (4.9%) of 1355 isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones; the majority of these infections occurred after August 2001. Cross-sectional analysis of 952 patients with gonorrhea revealed that the prevalence of QRNG varied geographically during 2001 - 2002, with the highest rate being in southern California (8.9%) and the lowest being in San Francisco (3.6%). The QRNG prevalence was 8.6% among men who have sex with men (MSM), 5.1% among heterosexual men, and 4.3% among women. Although risk factors for QRNG varied by clinic, multivariate analysis demonstrated independent associations with race/ethnicity, recent antibiotic use, and MSM. Conclusions. The emergence and spread of QRNG in California appeared to evolve from sporadic importation to endemic transmission among both MSM and heterosexuals. Monitoring of both the prevalence of and risk factors for QRNG infections is critical for making treatment recommendations and for developing interventions to interrupt transmission. C1 State Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sexually Transmitted Dis Control Branch, Oakland, CA USA. Cty Orange Hlth Care Agcy, Santa Ana, CA USA. Orange Cty Publ Hlth Lab, Santa Ana, CA USA. San Diego Cty Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. So Calif Permanente Reg Reference Labs, Los Angeles, CA USA. City Long Beach Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Long Beach, CA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bauer, HM (reprint author), State Calif Dept Hlth Serv, STD Control Branch, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,2nd Fl, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM Hbauer@dhs.ca.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [H25/CCH904362] NR 47 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP 795 EP 803 DI 10.1086/432801 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 956QB UT WOS:000231313800005 PM 16107976 ER PT J AU Belay, ED Holman, RC Schonberger, LB AF Belay, ED Holman, RC Schonberger, LB TI Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease surveillance and diagnosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Belay, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM EBelay@cdc.gov RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP 834 EP 836 DI 10.1086/432726 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 956QB UT WOS:000231313800011 PM 16107982 ER PT J AU Gaynes, R Edwards, JR AF Gaynes, R Edwards, JR CA Natl Nosocomial Infections TI Overview of nosocomial infections caused by gram-negative bacilli SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2004 CL Washington, DC ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII; SURVEILLANCE; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; PREVALENCE; STATES AB We analyzed data from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System from 1986 - 2003 to determine the epidemiology of gram-negative bacilli in intensive care units (ICUs) for the most frequent types of hospital-acquired infection: pneumonia, surgical site infection (SSI), urinary tract infection (UTI), and bloodstream infection ( BSI). We analyzed 1410,000 bacterial isolates associated with hospital-acquired infections in ICUs during 1986 - 2003. In 2003, gram-negative bacilli were associated with 23.8% of BSIs, 65.2% of pneumonia episodes, 33.8% of SSIs, and 71.1% of UTIs. The percentage of BSIs associated with gram-negative bacilli decreased from 33.2% in 1986 to 23.8% in 2003. The percentage of SSIs associated with gram-negative bacilli decreased from 56.5% in 1986 to 33.8% in 2003. The percentages pneumonia episodes and UTIs associated with gram-negative bacilli remained constant during the study period. The proportion of ICU pneumonia episodes associated with Acinetobacter species increased from 4% in 1986 to 7.0% in 2003 (P < .001, by the Cochran-Armitage chi(2) test for trend). Significant increases in resistance rates were uniformly seen for selected antimicrobial-pathogen combinations. Gram-negative bacilli are commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections in ICUs. The proportion of Acinetobacter species associated with ICU pneumonia increased from 4% in 1986 to 7.0% in 2003. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaynes, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rpg1@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 574 Z9 617 U1 6 U2 44 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP 848 EP 854 DI 10.1086/432803 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 956QB UT WOS:000231313800015 PM 16107985 ER PT J AU Gilbert, PB Ackers, ML Berman, PW Francis, DP Popovic, V Hu, DJ Heyward, WL Sinangil, F Shepherd, BE Gurwith, M AF Gilbert, PB Ackers, ML Berman, PW Francis, DP Popovic, V Hu, DJ Heyward, WL Sinangil, F Shepherd, BE Gurwith, M TI HIV-1 virologic and immunologic progression and initiation of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-1 - Infected subjects in a trial of the efficacy of recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIDS Vaccine 2003 Conference CY SEP 18-21, 2003 CL New York, NY ID ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SURROGATE END-POINTS; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; AIDS VACCINE; VIRAL LOAD; RHESUS-MONKEYS; RNA LEVELS; PROGNOSTIC MARKERS; CUBIC MILLIMETER AB The first trial of the efficacy of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 vaccine was conducted in North America and The Netherlands between 1998 and 2003. This multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine included 5403 initially HIV-negative volunteers who were monitored for 3 years. The 368 subjects who acquired HIV-1 infection were monitored for 2 years by use of the following postinfection end points: plasma HIV-1 RNA level (viral load), CD4(+) lymphocyte count, initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and HIV-1-related clinical outcomes. This article reports the study results that pertain to the effect of vaccination on the postinfection end points. The time until initiation of ART and the time until virologic failure or initiation of ART were similar in the vaccine arm and the placebo arm. The pre-ART viral load and CD4(+) lymphocyte count trajectories were also comparable between the groups. Evidently, the vaccine did not affect HIV-1 disease progression. C1 VaxGen, Brisbane, CA 94005 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Stat Ctr HIV AIDS Res & Prevent, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Global Solut Infect Dis, Brisbane, CA USA. Quattro Clin Res, Oakland, CA USA. Janssen Ortho, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Gurwith, M (reprint author), VaxGen, 1000 Marina Blvd, Brisbane, CA 94005 USA. EM mgurwith@vaxgen.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 R01 AI054165-01] NR 54 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 6 BP 974 EP 983 DI 10.1086/432734 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 960WJ UT WOS:000231623600006 PM 16107949 ER PT J AU Ellenberger, D Wyatt, L Li, B Buge, S Lanier, N Rodriguez, IV Sariol, CA Martinez, M Monsour, M Vogt, J Smith, J Otten, R Montefiori, D Kraiselburd, E Moss, B Robinson, H McNicholl, J Butera, S AF Ellenberger, D Wyatt, L Li, B Buge, S Lanier, N Rodriguez, IV Sariol, CA Martinez, M Monsour, M Vogt, J Smith, J Otten, R Montefiori, D Kraiselburd, E Moss, B Robinson, H McNicholl, J Butera, S TI Comparative immunogenicity in rhesus monkeys of multi-protein HIV-1 (CRF02_AG) DNA/MVA vaccines expressing mature and immxature VLPs SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunogenicity; rhesus monkeys; CRF02_AG ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; ANKARA BOOST REGIMEN; DNA VACCINATION; GAG-POL; GENETIC IMMUNIZATION; VIRAL REPLICATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CELL RESPONSES; MVA VACCINES AB We developed an AIDS vaccine for Western and West-Central Africa founded on HIV-1 subtype CRF02_AG. Rhesus macaques were primed with Gag-Pol-Env-expressing plasmid DNA and boosted with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA), expressing matched proteins. Two DNA vaccine constructs (ICI-90 and IC48) that differed by point mutations in gag and pol were compared. ICI-90 produces primarily immature (core comprises unprocessed Pr55Gag) HIV-Iike particles (VLPs) and IC48 produces mature VLP with processed Pr55Gag, immature VLP, and intracellular protein aggregates. Both vaccines raised significant cellular responses for Gag, Pol, and Env. Approximate twofold higher ELISPOT responses to Gag and Env epitopes were observed for IC48 animals than for IC1-90 animals at the peak post-MVA effector (P = 0.028) and late memory (P = 0.051) phases, respectively. Greater breadth for IC48-primed animals was observed than for ICI-90-primed animals at peak response (P = 0.03). Our results indicated that the vaccines elicited high frequency T cell responses and primed anti-Env antibody. They also Suggest that expression of different forms of VLP has a significant effect on elicited cellular and Immoral immunity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Stat & Data Management Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Preven, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, Viral Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Caribbean Primate Res Ctr, Unit Comparat Med, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Caribbean Primate Res Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Med Zool, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Ellenberger, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Mail Stop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dellenberger@cdc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [P40 RR03650] NR 47 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 340 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2005.06.014 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 960ZJ UT WOS:000231631400003 PM 16023165 ER PT J AU Chen, NH Li, GY Liszewski, MK Atkinson, JP Jahrling, PB Feng, ZH Schriewer, J Buck, C Wang, CL Lefkowitz, EJ Esposito, JJ Harms, T Damon, IK Roper, RL Upton, C Buller, RML AF Chen, NH Li, GY Liszewski, MK Atkinson, JP Jahrling, PB Feng, ZH Schriewer, J Buck, C Wang, CL Lefkowitz, EJ Esposito, JJ Harms, T Damon, IK Roper, RL Upton, C Buller, RML TI Virulence differences between monkeypox virus isolates from West Africa and the Congo basin SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE monkeypox; genomic sequences; genetic diversity; virulence genes; non-human primates ID COMPLEMENT CONTROL PROTEINS; INFLAMMATION MODULATORY PROTEIN; HOST-RANGE GENE; VACCINIA VIRUS; ECTROMELIA VIRUS; DNA-SEQUENCE; B13R SPI-2; INFECTION; GENOME; PATHOGENESIS AB Studies indicate that West African and Congo basin isolates of monkeypox virus (MPXV) are genetically distinct. Here, we show Congo basin MPXV-ZAI-V79 is more virulent for cynomolgus monkeys as compared to presumed West African MPXV-COP-58. This finding may explain the lack of case-fatalities in the U.S. 2003 monkeypox outbreak, which was caused by a West African virus. Virulence differences between West African and Congo basin MPXV are further supported by epidemiological analyses that observed a similar prevalence of antibodies in non-vaccinated humans in both regions, while > 90% of reported cases occurred in the Congo basin, and no fatal cases were observed outside of this region. To determine the basis for this difference in virulence, we sequenced the genomes of one human West African isolate, and two presumed West African isolates and compared the sequences to Congo basin MPXV-ZAI-96-I-16. The analysis identified DIOL, D14L, B10R, B14R, and B19R as possible virulence genes, with D14L (ortholog of vaccinia complement protein) as a leading candidate. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 St Louis Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Rheumatol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Headquarters, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. ATCC, Virol Collect, Manassas, VA 20108 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. RP Buller, RML (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, M432,1402 S Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM bullerrm@slu.edu RI Upton, Chris/A-4670-2008; OI Lefkowitz, Elliot/0000-0002-4748-4925; Upton, Chris/0000-0002-9019-8967; Roper, Rachel/0000-0001-6971-7745 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI48653-02, U01 AI48706, U54 AI057160] NR 61 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 340 IS 1 BP 46 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2005.05.030 PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA 960ZJ UT WOS:000231631400005 PM 16023693 ER PT J AU Chriqui, J O'Connor, J Babb, S Blair, NA Vaughn, G MacNeil, A AF Chriqui, J O'Connor, J Babb, S Blair, NA Vaughn, G MacNeil, A CA CDC TI State smoking restrictions for private-sector worksites, restaurants, and bars - United States, 1998 and 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 649-653, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID WORKPLACE; POLICIES; EXPOSURE C1 May aTech Corp, Silver Spring, MD USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chriqui, J (reprint author), May aTech Corp, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 14 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 10 BP 1202 EP 1204 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 963UI UT WOS:000231831200008 ER PT J AU Lu, PJ Singleton, JA Rangel, MC Wortley, PM Bridges, CB AF Lu, PJ Singleton, JA Rangel, MC Wortley, PM Bridges, CB TI Influenza vaccination trends among adults 65 years or older in the United States, 1989-2002 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE RATES; HIGH-RISK ADULTS; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; ELDERLY PERSONS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; COMMUNITY; EFFICACY; COST; CARE; QUESTIONNAIRE AB Background: Influenza vaccination of elderly individuals (65 years or older) has been recommended in the United States since 1961, and consistent surveillance of vaccine use has been conducted since 1989. We examined national trends in influenza vaccination coverage in the United States from 1989 to 2002 among noninstitutionalized elderly individuals and identified factors associated with receipt of influenza vaccine. Methods: We analyzed data from the 1989-2002 National Health Interview Surveys, weighted to reflect the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population to determine self-reported levels of influenza vaccination. We conducted multivariable logistic regression modeling of 2002 data to identify factors independently associated with self-reported influenza vaccination. Results: Among the elderly, influenza vaccination coverage increased from 30.5% in 1989 to 65.6% in 2002, with only a 2.4% increase from 1997 to 2002. In 2002, coverage remained lower for the non-Hispanic black (49.6%) and Hispanic (48.5%) populations compared with non-Hispanic whites (68.6%). Characteristics associated with a lower likelihood of influenza vaccination included fewer than 4 physician contacts in the past year and whether a person (1) was divorced or separated, (2) was non-Hispanic black or Hispanic, (3) had no regular physician, and (4) had less than a high school education. Individuals with chronic medical conditions and those 75 years or older were more likely to be vaccinated. Conclusions: By 1997, influenza vaccination coverage exceeded the Healthy People 2000 objective of 60% for the elderly overall, but even by 2002, this objective was still not achieved in the elderly black and Hispanic populations. Vaccination coverage seems to be leveling off, and innovative initiatives are needed to reach the Healthy People 2010 target of 90%, especially among racial and ethnic minorities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS & Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Lu, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM plu@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD SEP 12 PY 2005 VL 165 IS 16 BP 1849 EP 1856 DI 10.1001/archinte.165.16.1849 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 963VS UT WOS:000231834900006 PM 16157828 ER PT J AU Kuiken, T Leighton, FA Fouchier, RAM LeDuc, JW Peiris, JSM Schudel, A Stohr, K Osterhaus, ADME AF Kuiken, T Leighton, FA Fouchier, RAM LeDuc, JW Peiris, JSM Schudel, A Stohr, K Osterhaus, ADME TI Public health - Pathogen surveillance in animals SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SARS CORONAVIRUS; DISEASES; WILDLIFE C1 Erasmus MC, Dept Virol, NL-3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands. Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Microbiol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. World Org Anim Hlth, Paris, France. World Hlth Org, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Osterhaus, ADME (reprint author), Erasmus MC, Dept Virol, NL-3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM a.osterhaus@erasmusmc.nl RI Fouchier, Ron/A-1911-2014 OI Fouchier, Ron/0000-0001-8095-2869 NR 15 TC 116 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 9 PY 2005 VL 309 IS 5741 BP 1680 EP 1681 DI 10.1126/science.1113310 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 963WK UT WOS:000231836700028 PM 16150997 ER PT J AU Schwartzman, K Oxlade, O Barr, RG Grimard, F Acosta, I Baez, J Ferreira, E Melgen, RE Morose, W Salgado, AC Jacquet, V Maloney, S Laserson, K Mendez, AP Menzies, D AF Schwartzman, K Oxlade, O Barr, RG Grimard, F Acosta, I Baez, J Ferreira, E Melgen, RE Morose, W Salgado, AC Jacquet, V Maloney, S Laserson, K Mendez, AP Menzies, D TI Domestic returns from investment in the control of tuberculosis in other countries SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SOUTHEAST-ASIAN REFUGEES; UNITED-STATES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; IMMIGRANTS; HEALTH; ADULTS; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE AB BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that investments to improve the control of tuberculosis in selected high-incidence countries would prove to be cost saving for the United States by reducing the incidence of the disease among migrants. METHODS: Using decision analysis, we estimated tuberculosis-related morbidity, mortality, and costs among legal immigrants and refugees, undocumented migrants, and temporary visitors from Mexico after their entry into the United States. We assessed the current strategy of radiographic screening of legal immigrants plus current tuberculosis-control programs alone and with the addition of either U.S>funded expansion of the strategy of directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS), in Mexico or tuberculin skin testing to screen legal immigrants from Mexico. We also examined tuberculosis-related outcomes among migrants from Haiti and the Dominican Republic using the same three strategies. RESULTS: As compared with the current strategy, expanding the DOTS program in Mexico at a cost to the United States of $34.9 million would result in 2591 fewer cases of tuberculosis in the United States, with 349 fewer deaths from the disease and net discounted savings of $108 million over a 20-year period. Adding tuberculin skin testing to radiographic screening of legal immigrants from Mexico would result in 401 fewer cases of tuberculosis in the United States but would cost an additional $329 million. Expansion of the DOTS program would remain cost saving even if the initial investment were doubled, if the United States paid for all antituberculosis drugs in Mexico, or if the decline in the incidence of tuberculosis in Mexico was less than projected. A $9.4 million investment to expand the DOTS program in Haiti and the Dominican Republic would result in net U.S. savings of $20 million over a 20-year period. CONCLUSIONS: U.S-funded efforts to expand the DOTS program in Mexico, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic could reduce tuberculosis-related morbidity and mortality among migrants to the United States, producing net cost savings for the United States. C1 McGill Univ, Montreal Chest Inst, Resp Epidemiol Unit, Montreal, PQ H2X 2P4, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Econ, Montreal, PQ H2X 2P4, Canada. Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Natl TB Control Program, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Ctr Nacl Invest Salud Materno Infantil, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Natl TB Act Program, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Natl TB Control Program, Port Au Prince, Haiti. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Menzies, D (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal Chest Inst, Resp Epidemiol Unit, 3650 St Urbain,Rm K1-24, Montreal, PQ H2X 2P4, Canada. EM dick.menzies@mcgill.ca NR 63 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 20 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 8 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 10 BP 1008 EP 1020 DI 10.1056/NEJMsa043194 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 961YQ UT WOS:000231698200006 PM 16148286 ER PT J AU Willoughby, RE Rupprecht, CE AF Willoughby, RE Rupprecht, CE TI Survival after treatment of rabies - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Willoughby, RE (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM rewillou@mail.mcw.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 8 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 10 BP 1069 EP 1069 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 961YQ UT WOS:000231698200022 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH Robinson, TN AF Dietz, WH Robinson, TN TI Overweight children and adolescents - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; OBESITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 8 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 10 BP 1070 EP 1071 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 961YQ UT WOS:000231698200027 ER PT J AU Martin, MJ Rayner, JC Gagneux, P Barnwell, JW Varki, N AF Martin, MJ Rayner, JC Gagneux, P Barnwell, JW Varki, N TI Evolution of human-chimpanzee differences in malaria susceptibility: Relationship to human genetic loss of N-glycolylneuraminic acid SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE human origins; Plasmodium; sialic acids; primates; Aotus ID DUFFY BINDING-PROTEIN; NONHUMAN SIALIC-ACID; BLOOD-GROUP ANTIGENS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GLYCOPHORIN-A; ERYTHROCYTE INVASION; SEQUENCES; SELECTION; PARASITE; RECEPTOR AB Chimpanzees are the closest evolutionary cousins of humans, sharing > 99% identity in most protein sequences. Plasmodium falciparum is the major worldwide cause of malaria mortality. Plasmodium reichenowi, a morphologically identical and genetically very similar parasite, infects chimpanzees but not humans. Conversely, experimental P. falciparum infection causes brief moderate parasitization and no severe infection in chimpanzees. This surprising host specificity remains unexplained. We modified and enhanced traditional methods for measuring sialic acid (Sia)dependent recognition of glycophorins by merozoite erythrocyte-binding proteins, eliminating interference caused by endogenous Sias on transfected cells, and by using erythroleukemia cells to allow experimental manipulation of Sia content. We present evidence that these remarkable differences among such closely related host-parasite pairs is caused by species-specific erythrocyte-recognition profiles, apparently related to the human-specific loss of the common primate Sia N-glycolylneuraminic acid. The major merozoite-binding protein erythrocyte-binding antigen-175 of P. falciparum apparently evolved to take selective advantage of the excess of the Sia N-acetylneuraminic acid (the precursor of N-glycolyineuraminic acid) on human erythrocytes. The contrasting preference of P. reichenowi erythrocyte-binding antigen-175 for N-glycolyineuraminic acid is likely the ancestral condition. The surprising ability of P. falciparum to cause disease in New World Aotus monkeys (geographically isolated from P. falciparum until arrival of peoples from the Old World) can be explained by parallel evolution of a human-like Sia expression pattern in these distantly related primates. These results also have implications for the prehistory of hominids and for the genetic origins and recent emergence of P. falciparum as a major human pathogen. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Glycobiol Res & Training Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Zool Soc San Diego, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Varki, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Glycobiol Res & Training Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM a1varki@ucsd.edu OI Rayner, Julian/0000-0002-9835-1014 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM32373, R01 GM032373, R37 GM032373] NR 62 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 6 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 36 BP 12819 EP 12824 DI 10.1073/pnas.0503819102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 962FP UT WOS:000231716700033 PM 16126901 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Otieno, PO Slutsker, L Keswick, BH Rosen, DH Hoekstra, RM Vulule, JM Luby, SP AF Crump, JA Otieno, PO Slutsker, L Keswick, BH Rosen, DH Hoekstra, RM Vulule, JM Luby, SP TI Household based treatment of drinking water with flocculant-disinfectant for preventing diarrhoea in areas with turbid source water in rural western Kenya: cluster randomised controlled trial SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TREATED BED NETS; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; SAFE STORAGE; MORTALITY; INTERVENTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EFFICACY; STRATEGY; CHILDREN; QUALITY AB Objective To compare the effect on prevalence of diarrhoea and mortality of household based treatment of drinking water with flocculant-disinfectant, sodium hypochlorite, and standard practices in areas with turbid water source in Africa. Design Cluster randomised controlled trial over 20 weeks. Setting Family compounds, each containing several houses, in rural western Kenya. Participants 6650 people in 605 family compounds. Intervention Water treatment: flocculant-disinfectant, sodium hypochlorite, and usual practice (control). Main outcome measures Prevalence of diarrhoea and all cause mortality. Escherichia coli concentration, free residual chlorine concentration, and turbidity in household drinking water as surrogates for effectiveness of water treatment. Results In children < 2 years old, compared with those in the control compounds, the absolute difference in prevalence of diarrhoea was -25% in the flocculant-disinfectant arm (95% confidence interval -40 to -5) and -17% in the sodium hypochlorite arm (-34 to 4). In all age groups compared with control, the absolute difference in prevalence was - 19% in the flocculant-disinfectant arm (-34 to -2) and - 26% in the sodium hypochlorite arm (-39 to -9). There were significantly fewer deaths in the intervention compounds than in the control compounds (relative risk of death 0.58, P = 0.036). Fourteen per cent of water samples from control compounds had E coli concentrations < I CFU/100 ml compared with 82% in flocculant-disinfectant and 78% in sodium hypochlorite compounds. The mean turbidity of drinking water was 8 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) in flocculant-disinfectant households, compared with 55 NTU in the two other compounds (P < 0.001). Conclusions In areas of turbid water, flocculant-disinfectant was associated with a significant reduction in diarrhoea among children < 2 years. This health benefit, combined with a significant reduction in turbidity, suggests that flocculant-disinfectant is well suited to areas with highly contaminated and turbid water. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrhoeal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. Procter & Gamble Co, Hlth Sci Inst, Mason, OH 45040 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol Control & Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Crump, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrhoeal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcrump@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 21 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD SEP 3 PY 2005 VL 331 IS 7515 BP 478 EP 481 DI 10.1136/bmj.38512.618681.E0 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 963RA UT WOS:000231820400013 PM 16046440 ER PT J AU Otten, M Kezaala, R Fall, A Masresha, B Martin, R Cairns, L Eggers, R Biellik, R Grabowsky, M Strebel, P Okwo-Bele, JM Nshimirimana, D AF Otten, M Kezaala, R Fall, A Masresha, B Martin, R Cairns, L Eggers, R Biellik, R Grabowsky, M Strebel, P Okwo-Bele, JM Nshimirimana, D TI Public-health impact of accelerated measles control in the WHO African Region 2000-03 SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB Background In 2000, the WHO African Region adopted a plan to accelerate efforts to lower measles mortality with the goal of decreasing the number of measles deaths to near zero. By June, 2003, 19 African countries had completed measles supplemental immunisation activities (SIA) in children aged 9 months to 14 years as part of a comprehensive measles-control strategy.. We assessed the public-health impact of these control measures by use of available surveillance data. Methods We calculated percentage decline in reported measles cases during 1-2 years after SIA, compared with 6 years before SIA. On the basis of data from 13 of the 19 countries, we assumed that the percentage decline in measles deaths equalled that in measles cases. We also examined data on routine and SIA measles vaccine coverage, measles case-based surveillance, and suspected measles outbreaks. Findings Between 2000 and June, 2003, 82.1 million children were targeted for vaccination during initial SIA in 12 countries and follow-up SIA in seven countries. The average decline in the number of reported measles cases was 91%. In 17 of the 19 countries, measles case-based surveillance confirmed that transmission of measles virus, and therefore measles deaths, had been reduced to low or very low rates. The total estimated number of deaths averted in the year 2003 was 90 043. Between 2000 and 2003 in the African Region as a whole, we estimated that the percentage decline in annual measles deaths was around 20% (90 043 of 454 000). Interpretation The burden of measles in sub-Saharan Africa can be reduced to very low levels by means of appropriate strategies, resources, and personnel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Measles Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Reg Off Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. WHO, Reg Off Africa, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. WHO, Reg Off Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. Amer Red Cross, Washington, DC 20006 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Otten, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Measles Branch, Global Immunizat Div, MS E05,1600 Clifton, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM motten@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 3 PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9488 BP 832 EP 839 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67216-9 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 960XR UT WOS:000231627000028 PM 16139658 ER PT J AU Buchacz, K McFarland, W Kellogg, TA Loeb, L Holmberg, SD Dilley, J Klausner, JD AF Buchacz, K McFarland, W Kellogg, TA Loeb, L Holmberg, SD Dilley, J Klausner, JD TI Amphetamine use is associated with increased HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in San Francisco SO AIDS LA English DT Article ID BISEXUAL MEN; GAY; RISK; INFECTION; VIAGRA AB We examined the association between amphetamine use and HIV incidence for 2991 men who have sex with men (MSM) who tested anonymously for HIV in San Francisco. HIV incidence among 290 amphetamine users was 6.3% per year (95% CI 1.9-10.6%), compared with 2.1% per year (95% Cl 1.3-2.9%) among 2701 non-users (RR 3.0, 95% Cl 1.4-6.5). HIV prevention programmes in San Francisco should include efforts to reduce amphetamine use and associated high-risk sexual behaviors. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Hlth Project, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Buchacz, K (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 11 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 2 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 13 BP 1423 EP 1424 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000180794.27896.fb PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 970MK UT WOS:000232314100011 PM 16103774 ER PT J AU Aidala, A Cross, JE Stall, R Harre, D Sumartojo, E AF Aidala, A Cross, JE Stall, R Harre, D Sumartojo, E TI Housing status and HIV risk behaviors: Implications for prevention and policy SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIDS Housing Conference CY 2003 CL Washington, DC DE HIV/AIDS; homelessness; risk behavior; drug use; sex practice ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS; SEVERE MENTAL-ILLNESS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; HOMELESS MEN; SEXUAL RISK; TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; SAN-FRANCISCO; UNITED-STATES AB This paper examines housing as a contextual factor affecting drug and sexual risk behaviors among HIV positive people using pooled interview data from 2149 clients presenting for services at 16 medical and social service agencies participating in a multi-site evaluation study. The odds of recent drug use, needle use or sex exchange at the baseline interview was 2-4 times as high among the homeless and unstably housed compared to persons with stable housing. Follow-up data collected 6-9 months after baseline showed that change in housing status was associated with change in risk behaviors. Persons whose housing status improved between baseline and follow-up significantly reduced their risks of drug use, needle use, needle sharing and unprotected sex by half in comparison to individuals whose housing status did not change. In addition, for clients whose housing status worsened between baseline and follow-up, their odds of recently exchanging sex was over five times higher than for clients whose housing status did not change. The provision of housing is a promising structural intervention to reduce the spread of HIV. C1 Columbia Univ, Ctr Appl Publ Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Off HIV AIDS Housing, Washington, DC 20410 USA. RP Aidala, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Appl Publ Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 722 W 168th St,Suite 1119, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM aaa1@columbia.edu NR 92 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 9 IS 3 BP 251 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s10461-005-9000-7 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 980CE UT WOS:000232990700001 PM 16088369 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Haldeman, GA Croft, JB Giles, WH Mensah, GA AF Brown, DW Haldeman, GA Croft, JB Giles, WH Mensah, GA TI Racial or ethnic differences in hospitalization for heart failure among elderly adults: Medicare, 1990 to 2000 SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-CARE; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; OLDER-ADULTS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; TRENDS; RACE; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; RATES AB Background Little is known about. racial or ethnic differences in hospitalizations for heart failure (HF), the most common hospital diagnosis for Medicare enrollees. Methods Using data from the Medicare Provider Analysis Record (1990-2000), we analyzed data for Medicare beneficiaries aged >= 65 years who were hospitalized with a first-listed diagnosis of HF (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 428). We assessed racial/ethnic differences in annual prevalences and discharge outcomes for patients hospitalized in 2000. Results Prevalence of HF hospitalization increased over the 10-year period for white, black, Hispanic, and Asian enrollees. Prevalence was highest among those aged >= 85 years; the age-adjusted prevalence was greater among men than women. Compared with white enrollees in 2000, the likelihood of a HF hospitalization was 1.5 times greater among black enrollees, 1.2 times greater among Hispanic enrollees, and 0.5 times less likely among Asian enrollees after adjustment for age and sex (P<.05 for all). Compared with white patients hospitalized with HF, black and Hispanic (but not Asian) patients were less likely than white patients to die in a hospital. A greater proportion of black, Hispanic, and Asian patients were discharged to home than white patients during 2000. Conclusion Prevalence of HF hospitalization was highest among black and Hispanic Medicare enrollees. Because Hispanic Americans and the elderly are the fastest-growing segments of the US population, HF will increase in importance as a public health concern and will require increased focus on culturally competent prevention and treatment strategies in the next decade. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Inst Womens Hlth, Miami, FL USA. RP Croft, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-47,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbc0@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 52 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 150 IS 3 BP 448 EP 454 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.11.010 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 970WQ UT WOS:000232343500016 PM 16169322 ER PT J AU Comstock, RD Mallonee, S Kruger, E Rayno, K Vance, A Jordan, F AF Comstock, RD Mallonee, S Kruger, E Rayno, K Vance, A Jordan, F TI Epidemiology of homicide-suicide events - Oklahoma, 1994-2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE homicide; suicide; medical examiner; violence; violent deaths ID MURDER-SUICIDE; DYADIC DEATH; VIOLENT DEATH; TYPOLOGY; QUEBEC AB In Oklahoma, all nonnatural deaths must be reported to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (ME), whose trained investigators report cause of death using a centralized, statewide, standardized reporting system. The purpose of this study was to determine temporal trends of Oklahoma homicide-suicide events and characterize the epidemiology of these events. By reviewing all ME reports of homicides and suicides from 1994 through 2001, we identified 73 homicide-suicide events resulting in 73 suicides and 89 homicides. Suicidal perpetrators of homicide-suicide events were most often white men aged :30 years who killed a current or ex-spouse or intimate partner. Homicide victims tended to be younger women the same race as their killer. Firearrns were the predominant method of death in both homicides and suicides, with handguns used most frequently. Divorce/estrangement was the main contributing factor to these events, and the most common relationship type was possessive. The existence of a statewide, centralized, and computerized ME system and the ability to access the detailed information in the ME narratives were critical to identifying homicide-suicide events and obtaining the type of detailed information necessary to fully investigate these events. C1 Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Injury Prevent Serv, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Off Chief Med Examiner, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Comstock, RD (reprint author), Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, 700 Childrens Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. EM comstocd@pediatrics.ohio-state.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U17/CCU617756] NR 39 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1097/01.paf.0000160681.40587.d3 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 961DN UT WOS:000231642200005 PM 16121077 ER PT J AU Eloubeidi, MA Shipp, M Desmond, R Boone, T Weissman, N Nadel, M Fouad, M AF Eloubeidi, MA Shipp, M Desmond, R Boone, T Weissman, N Nadel, M Fouad, M TI Primary care physicians knowledge and practices regarding colorectal cancer screening in Alabama SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 Univ Alabama, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Div Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 100 IS 9 SU S MA 1067 BP S388 EP S388 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 964BK UT WOS:000231853502324 ER PT J AU Drilea, SK Reid, BC Li, CH Hyman, JJ Manski, RJ AF Drilea, SK Reid, BC Li, CH Hyman, JJ Manski, RJ TI Dental visits among smoking and nonsmoking US adults in 2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE dental visits; smoking; oral diseases; dental care; health education ID TOOTH LOSS; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ORAL-CANCER; RISK; TOBACCO AB Objective: To examine dental visits among smoking and nonsmoking adults in a nationally representative sample. Methods: Logistic regression analysis was performed, using a sample of 15,250 US adults from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component 2000. Results: Currentsmokers were less likely to report dental visits (32.9%) than were nonsmokers (45.0%) during 2000. Differ- ences were statistically significant even after accounting for other predictors of dental care use. Conclusions: Efforts to optimize the oral health of smokers and reduce serious oral diseases may benefit from addressing this lower use of dental services among smokers. C1 NIDCR, CDC, Data Resource Ctr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Hlth Promot & Policy, Hlth Serv Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Hlth Promot & Policy, Hlth Serv Res Div, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Drilea, SK (reprint author), NIDCR, CDC, Data Resource Ctr, 2101 Gaither Rd,Suite 600, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM susan.drilea@ngc.com NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 462 EP 471 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 958XK UT WOS:000231481300009 PM 16201863 ER PT J AU Dannenberg, AL Cramer, TW Gibson, CJ AF Dannenberg, AL Cramer, TW Gibson, CJ TI Assessing the walkability of the workplace: A new audit tool SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE walking; prevention research; audit tool; environment ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; INSTRUMENTS; WALKING AB Purpose. Walking can be incorporated into most people's daily routines if the process is made convenient by a well-designed built environment. Walkability rarely is assessed in the workplace, where adults spend much of their time. Methods. From existing tools, we developed an instrument to audit walkability at a single government agency's facilities, which were located in multiple states. We used a five-point scale to evaluate nine elements Of walkability: pedestrianjacililies, pedestrian-vehicle conflicts, crosswalks, route maintenance, walkway width, roadway buffer, universal accessibility, aesthetics, and shade. Weighted scores ranged from 20 to 39 (poor), to 40 to 69 (fair), to 70 to 100 (good). Results. Of 79 walking route segments surveyed on 10 agency campuses, 34% were rated poor, 32% Jab, and 34% good. Repeat assessment of 20 walking route segments by three independent observers yielded similar scores. Conclusion. Facility planners may find this walkability instrument useful in identifying and eliminating barriers to convenient walking opportunities in workplaces such as office parks and university campuses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Dannenberg, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acd7@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 962DK UT WOS:000231711000008 PM 16171160 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, E Fiebelkorn, IC Wang, GJ AF Finkelstein, E Fiebelkorn, IC Wang, GJ TI The costs of obesity among full-time employees SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE obesity, cost, employer, prevention research; manuscript format : research; research purpose : modeling/ relationship testing; study design : quasi-experimental; outcome measure : absenteeism and other financial/economic; setting : workplace; health focus : weight control; strategy : policy; target population : adults; target population circumstances : education/ income level, geographic location, and race/ethnicity ID WEIGHT; HEIGHT AB Purpose. To quantify annual costs attributable to obesity, including both increased medical expenditures and absenteeism, separately for overweight and three categories of obesity (i.e., obesity grades I, II, and III) among men and women with full-time employment. Design. Standard econometric methods were used to separately estimate overweight and obesity-attributable medical expenditures and absenteeism. Setting. The civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Sample. Two nationally representative and publicly available datasets (with response rates of at least 60%) were restricted to participants 18 to 64 years old and employed full-time for the entire year The final datasets used to estimate obesity-attributable medical expenditures and absenteeism included 20,329 and 25,427 adults, respectively. Measures. Annual medical expenditures and missed work days due to illness or injury. Analysis Results. Overweight and obesity-attributable costs range, from $175 per year for overweight male employees to $2485 per year for grade-II obese female employees. The costs of obesity (excluding overweight) at a firm with 1000 employees are estimated to be $285, 000 per year Conclusions. Obesity results in significant increases in medical expenditures and absenteeism among full-time employees. Approximately 30% of the total costs result from increased absenteeism, and although those with grade-III obesity represent only 3% of the employed population, they account for 21% of the costs due to obesity. These estimates do not consider other potential costs associated with obesity, including disability and presenteeism. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Finkelstein, E (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, Hobbs Bldg,3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM finkelse@rti.org NR 14 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 962DK UT WOS:000231711000009 PM 16171161 ER PT J AU Park, RM Ahn, YS Stayner, LT Kang, SK Jang, JK AF Park, RM Ahn, YS Stayner, LT Kang, SK Jang, JK TI Mortality of iron and steel workers in Korea SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE developing country; iron and steel industry; retrospective cohort study; mortality; healthy worker effect; stainless steel; fatal work injury ID PLANT WORKERS; CANCER RISKS; LUNG-CANCER; COKE PLANT; COHORT; DISEASES; ANSHAN; CHINA AB Background The mortality experience of iron and steel workers from modem plants in developing countries has not been extensively described. Methods Mortality at two Korean iron and steel manufacturing complexes was analyzed using Poisson regression methods with both direct and indirect standardization. Work histories were linked with a national mortality registry. Workers (44,974) hired beginning in 1968 were followed from 1992 to 2001. Results The 806 deaths observed during 10 years of follow-up comprised 2% of the population at risk and represented a large healthy worker effect (HWE) for all causes (SMR = 0.59, 95% CI= 0.55-0.63) and for cancer (SMR = 0.79, 95% CI= 0.70-0.90). Mortality at subsidiaries was considerably higher than at the parent plants (SRR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.47-1.99). Relative mortality rates declined with employment duration: > 20 years had significantly reduced mortality (SRR = 0.59, 95% CI= 0.43-0.82) compared to duration < 1 year (test for trend: P = 0.0006). Fatal injury deaths in the first year were highly elevated (SMR = 3.10, 95% CI = 2.17-4.26) declining to less than that expected after 5 years. Cancer mortality was elevated in stainless steel production (SRR = 3.26, 95% CI= 1.37-6.49) and overall mortality was elevatedfor work in plant maintenance departments (SRR=1.17, 95% CI=1.00-1.37), particularly for fatal injuries (SRR=1.67, 95% CI=1.29-2.14). All-cause mortality increased with employment duration in the steel-production departments, as did fatal injuries in material handlingl construction. Conclusions This steelworker cohort exhibits excess mortality in some process areas. More detailed retrospective exposure assessment and future follow-up of this cohort will better define health risks in the modern iron and steel manufacturing. C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Korea Occupat Safety & Hlth Agcy, Inchon, South Korea. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Park, RM (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS C-15,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rhp9@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.1002/ajim.20197 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 960SS UT WOS:000231614100005 PM 16094610 ER PT J AU Brinsley, K Sinkowitz-Cochran, R Cardo, D AF Brinsley, K Sinkowitz-Cochran, R Cardo, D CA CDC Campaign Prevent Antimicrobial TI An assessment of issues surrounding implementation of the Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Background: The Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings was developed through 9 research projects: 1 to determine the name and image, 5 to test the 12-step programs, and 3 to evaluate the Campaign. This report analyzes data from 9 projects and reports key findings. Methods: Data from the 9 projects were analyzed by 4 topics: perceptions of the problem of antimicrobial resistance, barriers to preventing antimicrobial resistance, most and least important steps and strategies, and preferences for materials and information sources. Results: Data from 21 in-depth interviews, 19 focus groups, and 3 surveys were analyzed. A total of 695 clinicians participated: 564 (81.2%) were physicians; 98 (14.1%) were nurses; and 33 (4.7%) were other healthcare professionals. Differences by both occupation and medical specialty area were observed. A majority of participants agreed that antimicrobial resistance is a problem nationally, whereas fewer agreed that it is a problem in their institution or practice. Of the Campaign's 4 strategies, "Diagnose and Treat Infection Effectively" and "Use Antimicrobials Wisely" were considered most important, whereas "Prevent Infection" and "Prevent Transmission" were considered least important. Frequently cited preferences for materials included posters and professional resources such as journal articles and presentations at conferences or annual meetings of professional societies. Conclusion: The findings highlight important issues that could influence the success of implementation of the Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings. Tailoring the campaign messages and supporting materials to individual institutions or clinician types are encouraged to address or acknowledge these issues and facilitate behavior change. C1 CDCP, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brinsley, K (reprint author), CDCP, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aof4@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD SEP PY 2005 VL 33 IS 7 BP 402 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.05.007 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 966RA UT WOS:000232037400005 PM 16153487 ER PT J AU Werler, MM Mitchell, AA Hernandez-Diaz, S Honein, MA AF Werler, MM Mitchell, AA Hernandez-Diaz, S Honein, MA CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention TI Use of over-the-counter medications during pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; medication; epidemiology ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; EMBRYOPATHY; DRUGS; ACID AB Objective: The most common medications used in pregnancy are nonprescription or over-the-counter medications, although there has been little research on their risks or safety. We describe the patterns of over-the-counter medication use among pregnant women. Study design: Data were collected in 2 case-control studies of birth defects: the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study (BDS) and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). Results: Among 7563 mothers of malformed and nonmalformed offspring in the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study and 2970 mothers of nonmalformed offspring in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and pseudoephedrine were used by at least 65%, 18%, and 15%, respectively. Among women in the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study, the use in pregnancy of aspirin and chlorpheniramine decreased from 1976 to 2004 and of ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine, diphenhydramine, dextromethorphan, and guaifenesin increased. Among women in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, the use of acetaminophen, pseudoephedrine, diphenhydramine, and guaifenesin was higher during pregnancy than before pregnancy. Conclusion: Findings show that over-the-counter medications are used by most pregnant women. Studies that examine specific over-the-counter medications in relation to specific birth defects are necessary to better inform pregnant women about risks and safety. (c) 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Werler, MM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, 1010 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM mwerler@slone.bu.edu RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 NR 12 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 17 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 193 IS 3 BP 771 EP 777 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.010 PN 1 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 966IM UT WOS:000232013300026 PM 16150273 ER PT J AU Berry, RJ AF Berry, RJ TI Impact of ovarian stimulation on studies of twinning SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PREGNANCY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Berry, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RJBerry@cdc.gov OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 193 IS 3 BP 1287 EP 1288 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.119 PN 2 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 966IQ UT WOS:000232013700071 PM 16157155 ER PT J AU Huisa, BN Menacho, LA Rodriguez, S Bustos, JA Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW Gonzalez, AE Garcia, HH AF Huisa, BN Menacho, LA Rodriguez, S Bustos, JA Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW Gonzalez, AE Garcia, HH CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Taeniasis and cysticercosis in housemaids working in affluent neighborhoods in Lima, Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; ORTHODOX JEWISH-COMMUNITY; SOLIUM TAENIASIS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; SEROPREVALENCE; VILLAGE; MEXICO AB Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is endemic in most developing countries, where it is an important cause of epileptic seizures and other neurologic symptoms. In industrialized countries, cysticercosis results from travel or immigration of tapeworm carriers from endemic areas. In both endemic and nonendemic countries, housemaids commonly immigrate from cysticercosis-endemic areas and can transmit the infection if they carry the adult tapeworm. Between July 2001 and July 2002, 1,178 housemaids (961 of them work in the top five most affluent districts of Lima, a metropolis of 8 million inhabitants considered nonendemic for cysticercosis) were evaluated for serum antibodies to Taenia solium and stool microscopy for taeniasis and cysticercosis. The serosurvey revealed a prevalence of cysticercosis-specific antibodies of 14.6% (95% CI 12.6-16.6%), and stool microscopy detected 12 T solium tapeworm carriers, for a prevalence of taeniasis of 1.2% (95% CI: 0.6-1.8%). A nonrandom sample of 26 seropositive housemaids was examined by brain CT and 50% of them had brain lesions compatible with neurocysticercosis, mainly calcifications. From the families who used a tapeworm-carrier housemaid, cysticercosis antibodies were detected in 6 (23%) of 26 persons who agreed to participate. One seropositive member of the employer families was symptomatic for seizures and had brain calcifications. The prevalence of tapeworm infections in this housemaid group is similar to levels in endemic areas, constituting a source of neurocysticercosis infection. C1 Inst Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima 1, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Sch Med, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Sch Sci, Dept Microbiol, RHG HHG, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Publ Hlth, Lima 14, Peru. RP Garcia, HH (reprint author), Inst Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Jr Ancash 1271,Barrios Altos, Lima 1, Peru. EM hgarcia@jhsph.edu NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 73 IS 3 BP 496 EP 500 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 965ZX UT WOS:000231990500006 PM 16172470 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, AE Lopez-Urbina, T Tsang, BY Gavidia, CM Garcia, HH Silva, ME Ramos, DD Manzanedo, R Sanchez-Hidalgo, L Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW AF Gonzalez, AE Lopez-Urbina, T Tsang, BY Gavidia, CM Garcia, HH Silva, ME Ramos, DD Manzanedo, R Sanchez-Hidalgo, L Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Short report: Secondary transmission in porcine cysticercosis: Description and their potential implications for control sustainability SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is one of few potentially eradicable infectious diseases and is the target of control programs in several countries. The larval stage of this zoonotic cestode invades the human brain and is responsible for most cases of adult-onset epilepsy in the world. The pig is the natural intermediate host, harboring the larvae or cysticerci. Our current understanding of the life cycle implicates humans as the only definitive host and tapeworm carrier (developing taeniasis) and thus the sole source of infective eggs that are responsible for cysticercosis in both human and pigs through oral-fecal transmission. Here we show evidence of an alternative pig-to-pig route of transmission, previously not suspected to exist. In a series of four experiments, naive sentinel pigs were exposed to pigs that had been infected orally with tapeworm segments (containing infective eggs) and moved to a clean environment. Consistently in all four experiments, at least one of the sentinel pigs became seropositive or infected with parasite cysts with much lower cyst burdens than did primarily infected animals. Second-hand transmission of Taenia solium eggs could explain the overdispersed pattern of porcine cysticercosis, with few pigs harboring heavy parasite burdens and many more harboring small numbers of parasites. This route of transmission opens new avenues for consideration with respect to control strategies. C1 Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 3, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Inst Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gonzalez, AE (reprint author), Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Av Circunvalac S-N,Salamanca Monterrico, Lima 3, Peru. EM emico@terra.com.pe OI Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 FU FIC NIH HHS [TW05562]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI51976, U01 AI35894]; Wellcome Trust NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 73 IS 3 BP 501 EP 503 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 965ZX UT WOS:000231990500007 PM 16172471 ER PT J AU Hamel, MJ Holtz, T Mkandala, C Kaimila, N Chizani, N Bloland, P Kublin, J Kazembe, P Steketee, R AF Hamel, MJ Holtz, T Mkandala, C Kaimila, N Chizani, N Bloland, P Kublin, J Kazembe, P Steketee, R TI Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus erythromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in children with integrated management of childhood illness dual classifications of malaria and pneumonia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; MALAWIAN CHILDREN; IN-VIVO; CHLOROQUINE; COTRIMOXAZOLE; TRANSMISSION; SULPHADOXINE/PYRIMETHAMINE; GAMETOCYTEMIA; SENSITIVITY; ARTESUNATE AB In Malawi, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TS) is the recommended first-line treatment for children with Integrated Management of Childhood Illness dual classifications of malaria and pneumonia, and sulfadoxine-pyrimethyamine (SP) plus five days of treatment with erythromycin (SP plus E) is the recommended second-line treatment. Using a 14-day, modified World Health Organization protocol, children with dual IMCI classifications of malaria and pneumonia with Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia were randomized to receive TS or SP plus E. Clinical and parasitologic responses and gametocytemia prevalence were obtained. A total of 87.2% of children receiving TS and 80.0% receiving SP plus E reached adequate clinical and parasitologic responses (ACPRs) (P = 0.19). Severely malnourished children were less likely to achieve ACPRs than those better nourished (relative risk = 3.34, P = 0.03). Day 7 gametocyte prevalence was 55% and 64% among children receiving TS and SP plus E, respectively (P = 0.19). Thus, TS and SP plus E remain efficacious treatment of P. falciparum malaria in this setting. However, patient adherence and effectiveness of five days of treatment with TS is unknown. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Malawi Minist Hlth & Populat, Lilongwe, Malawi. Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiat, Blantyre, Malawi. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Hamel, MJ (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Res Stn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Unit 64112, APO, AE 09831 USA. EM mhamel@ke.cdc.gov; tholtz@cdc.gov; cmkandala@yahoo.com; nkaimila@cdcmalaria.org; nchisani@cdcmalaria.org; pbloland@cdc.gov; jkublin@fhcrc.org; pnkazembe@malawi.net; ris1@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 73 IS 3 BP 609 EP 615 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 965ZX UT WOS:000231990500027 PM 16172491 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Galland, GG Williams, A Nace, D Williams, T Barnwell, JW AF Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Galland, GG Williams, A Nace, D Williams, T Barnwell, JW TI Plasmodium simium and Saimiri boliviensis as a model system for testing candidate vaccines against Plasmodium vivax SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE ANTIGEN CONSTRUCT; SALVADOR I-STRAIN; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; IRRADIATED SPOROZOITES; MALARIA PARASITE; MONKEYS; IMMUNIZATION; TRANSMISSION; ANOPHELES AB Observations on Plasmodium simium infections in Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis monkeys suggest that this host-parasite combination would be a suitable model for the testing of candidate vaccines against Plasmodium vivax. To evaluate the normal course of infections, parasitemia in 52 splenectomized S. boliviensis boliviensis monkeys infected with P. simium were analyzed. The mean maximum parasite count for 31 monkeys after injection with trophozoite-infected erythrocytes was 77,580/mu L. Twenty-one monkeys were infected via sporozoites, and prepatent periods ranged from 14 to 24 days with a median of 15 days. The mean maximum parasite count was 29,234/mu L. The mean maximum parasite count for monkeys previously infected with Old World P. vivax was 26,337/mu L versus 56,362/mu L for those previously infected with New World P. vivax, possibly suggesting a closer antigenic relationship between P. simium and the Old World parasites. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mail Stop F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 73 IS 3 BP 644 EP 648 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 965ZX UT WOS:000231990500032 PM 16172496 ER PT J AU B'Hymer, C Butler, MA Cheever, KL AF B'Hymer, C Butler, MA Cheever, KL TI A comparison and evaluation of analysis procedures for the quantification of (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid in urine SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glycol ethers; alkoxyacetic acids; 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol; urinary biomarkers ID GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALKOXYACETIC ACIDS; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; ACETIC-ACID; METABOLITES; RAT; 2-BUTOXYETHANOL; ENANTIOMERS AB Several extraction and derivatization procedures were evaluated for the quantification of (2-methoxyethoxy) acetic acid (MEAA) in urine. MEAA is a metabolite and a biomarker for exposure to 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol, a glycol ether with widespread use in various industrial applications and the specific use as an anti-icing additive in the military jet fuel formulation JP-8. Quantification of glycol ether biomarkers is an active area Of Current analytical research. Various sample preparation procedures were evaluated; liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using ethyl acetate yielded the highest recovery, and solid-phase extraction (SPE) gave low recovery of MEAA. Two derivatization procedures were thoroughly investigated and validated. Silylation of MEAA with N-methyl-N-[tert-butyldimethylsilyl]trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) was one approach, and esterification of MEAA using ethanol was the other. Quantification was by means of a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a mass spectrometer for a detector and using a polydimethylsiloxane (HP-1) capillary column. Deuterated 2-butoxyacetic acid (d-BAA) was used as an internal standard. Recovery studies of spiked human urine demonstrated the accuracy and precision for both procedures. The limit of detection (LOD) and other figures of merit for both derivatization procedures will be discussed in detail. Applications of these analysis procedures are also discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Taft Lab,US Dept HHS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP B'Hymer, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Taft Lab,US Dept HHS, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cbhymer@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 383 IS 2 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-0048-z PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 980IO UT WOS:000233012400007 PM 16158298 ER PT J AU Oliver, B Gross, EA AF Oliver, B Gross, EA TI Legionnaires disease associated with potable water in a Hotel - Ocean City, MD, October 2003 to February 2004 SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Maricopa Cty Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Oliver, B (reprint author), Maricopa Cty Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 BP 288 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.06.006 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 960ZT UT WOS:000231632400015 PM 16130210 ER PT J AU Roberts, RR Einstein, A Gore, R Ahmad, I Kampe, LM Cohen, N AF Roberts, RR Einstein, A Gore, R Ahmad, I Kampe, LM Cohen, N TI Applying cost-benefit theory to public health syndrome surveillance programs SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-College-Emergency-Physicians-Research Forum CY SEP 26-27, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys Res C1 Stroger Hosp Cook Cty, Chicago, IL USA. Cook Cty Emergency Med Residency, Chicago, IL USA. CDC, Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 SU S BP S25 EP S25 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 962OB UT WOS:000231741000084 ER PT J AU Roberts, RR Einstein, A Ahmad, I Gore, R Kampe, LM Cohen, N Diaz, P AF Roberts, RR Einstein, A Ahmad, I Gore, R Kampe, LM Cohen, N Diaz, P TI Improving syndrome surveillance case definitions and outcomes by using existing data SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-College-Emergency-Physicians-Research Forum CY SEP 26-27, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys Res C1 Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Cook Cty Emergency Med Residency, Chicago, IL USA. CDC, Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 SU S BP S24 EP S24 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 962OB UT WOS:000231741000081 ER PT J AU Kung, HC Pearson, JL Wei, R AF Kung, HC Pearson, JL Wei, R TI Substance use, firearm availability, depressive symptoms, and mental health service utilization among white and African American suicide decedents aged 15 to 64 years SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE suicide; risk factors; race ID MORTALITY FOLLOWBACK SURVEY; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; COCAINE; PREVENTION; SMOKING; GENDER; OLDER; RACE; LIFE AB PURPOSE: We investigated whether the substance use problems of excessive alcohol consumption and marijuana use, firearm availability, depressive symptoms, and mental health service utilization, differed among white and African American suicide decedents compared with natural cause-of-death decedents. METHODS: The subjects were a representative sample of 22,957 deceased individuals aged 15 years or older from the 1993 US National Mortality Followback Survey (NMFS). A matched case-control study was constructed for suicide decedents aged 15 to 64 years, with natural death controls frequency matched to cases by age and gender. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations of risk factors with suicide by race. RESULTS: When compared with natural causes of death, suicide deaths among white decedents were associated with use of mental health services, heavy drinking, marijuana use, depression symptoms, and firearm availability. Suicides by African American decedents were associated only with use of mental health services, marijuana, and firearm availability. The interaction of mental health service use and marijuana use was significant only for white suicide decedents. CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the limited understanding of how risk factors unique to suicide differ, and possibly interact, among African American and white decedents. Similarities and differences in risk factors should be considered in suicide prevention planning efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Kung, HC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 7813, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM hckO@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 8 BP 614 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.09.011 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963MG UT WOS:000231807800009 PM 16118006 ER PT J AU Praska, JL Kripalani, S Seright, AL Jacobson, TA AF Praska, JL Kripalani, S Seright, AL Jacobson, TA TI Identifying and assisting low-literacy patients with medication use: A survey of community pharmacies SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE adherence; compliance; health literacy ID FUNCTIONAL HEALTH LITERACY; PHYSICIAN COMMUNICATION; ADHERENCE; SKILLS; INSTRUCTIONS; MORTALITY; WORK AB BACKGROUND: Nearly one-half of adult Americans have limited functional literacy skills. Low patient literacy is associated with poor medication adherence and health outcomes. However, little is known about how pharmacies address literacy-related needs among patrons. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency with which pharmacies identify and provide appropriate assistance to patients with limited literacy skills and provide specific recommendations to help improve pharmacists' recognition of low health literacy, as well as strategies to improve adherence in this population. METHODS: Through a telephone-based survey of Atlanta-area pharmacies, we obtained information on (1) whether the pharmacy attempted to identify patients with limited literacy skills, (2) what measures were taken by the pharmacy to optimize the health care of low-literacy patients, especially with regard to medication adherence, and (3) what services the pharmacy offered to improve adherence in general. RESULTS: The response rate among eligible pharmacies was 96.8% (N = 30). Only 2 (7%) pharmacies reported attempting to identify literacy-related needs among their patrons. One of these facilities provided additional verbal counseling to assist low-literacy patients, and the other pharmacy involved family members, provided verbal counseling, and had patients repeat instructions to confirm comprehension. Most pharmacies reported availability of adherence aids that could help low-literacy patients if such patients were identified and targeted to receive additional assistance. These included verbal and written counseling (offered at 73% of pharmacies), packaging or organizing aids (27%), refill services (17%), and graphic or multimedia aids (13%). CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacies infrequently attempt to identify and assist patients with limited literacy skills. C1 Dept Vet Affairs, Pharm Serv 119, Denver, CO 80220 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Praska, JL (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs, Pharm Serv 119, 1055 Clermont St, Denver, CO 80220 USA. EM jessica.praska@med.va.gov OI Jacobson, Terry/0000-0002-9926-2179 FU NCRR NIH HHS [K12 RR017643]; NHLBI NIH HHS [1 K23 HL077597] NR 30 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 7 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1441 EP 1445 DI 10.1345/aph.1G094 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 954TF UT WOS:000231177100007 PM 16046489 ER PT J AU Kirk, JK Bell, RA Bertoni, AG Arcury, TA Quandt, SA Goff, DC Narayan, KMV AF Kirk, JK Bell, RA Bertoni, AG Arcury, TA Quandt, SA Goff, DC Narayan, KMV TI Ethnic disparities: Control of glycemia, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol among US adults with type 2 diabetes SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th National Conference on Chronic Disease Prevention and Control CY MAR 01-03, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA DE diabetes; ethnicity; quality-of-care measures ID URBAN AFRICAN-AMERICANS; DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; INTERTRIBAL HEART PROJECT; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; MANAGED-CARE AB OBJECTIVE: To examine ethnic disparities in the quality of diabetes care among adults with diabetes in the US through a systematic qualitative review. DATA SOURCES: Material published in the English language was searched from 1993 through June 2003 using PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, the Cochrane Library, Combined Health Information Database, and Education Resources Information Center. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies of patients with diabetes in which at least 50% of study participants were ethnic minorities and studies that made ethnic group comparisons were eligible. Research on individuals having prediabetes, those < 18 years of age, or women with gestational diabetes were excluded. Reviewers used a reproducible search strategy. A standardized abstraction and grading of articles for publication source and content were used. Data on glycemia, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were extracted in patients with diabetes. A total of 390 studies were reviewed, with 78 meeting inclusion criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS: Ethnic minorities had poorer outcomes of care than non-Hispanic whites. These disparities were most pronounced for glycemic control and least evident for LDL-C control. Most studies showed blood pressure to be poorly controlled among ethnic minorities. CONCLUSIONS: Control of risk factors for diabetes (glycemia, blood pressure, LDL-C) is challenging and requires routine assessment. These findings indicate that additional efforts are needed to promote diabetes quality of care among minority populations. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci & Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kirk, JK (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM jkirk@wfubmc.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-0778] NR 97 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 9 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1489 EP 1501 DI 10.1345/aph.1E685 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 954TF UT WOS:000231177100015 PM 16076917 ER PT J AU Plemper, RK Doyle, J Sun, AM Prussia, A Cheng, LT Rota, PA Liotta, DC Snyder, JP Compans, RW AF Plemper, RK Doyle, J Sun, AM Prussia, A Cheng, LT Rota, PA Liotta, DC Snyder, JP Compans, RW TI Design of a small-molecule entry inhibitor with activity against primary measles virus strains SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PARAMYXOVIRUS FUSION; POTENT INHIBITORS; CELLULAR RECEPTOR; VIRAL FUSION; PROTEIN; VACCINE; HEMAGGLUTININ; POPULATION; INFECTION; PEPTIDES AB The incidence of measles virus (MV) infection has been significantly reduced in many nations through extensive vaccination; however, the virus still causes significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Measles outbreaks also occur in some developed countries that have failed to maintain high vaccine coverage rates. While vaccination is essential in preventing the spread of measles, case management would greatly benefit from the use of therapeutic agents to lower morbidity. Thus, the development of new therapeutic strategies is desirable. We previously reported the generation of a panel of small-molecule MV entry inhibitors. Here we show that our initial lead compound, although providing proof of concept for our approach, has a short half-life (< 16 h) under physiological conditions. In order to combine potent antiviral activity with increased compound stability, a targeted library of candidate molecules designed on the structural basis of the first lead has been synthesized and tested against MV. We have identified an improved lead with low toxicity and high stability (half-life >> 16 h) that prevents viral entry and hence infection. This compound shows high MV specificity and strong activity (50% inhibitory concentration = 0.6 to 3.0 mu M, depending on the MV genotype) against a panel of wild-type MV strains representative of viruses that are currently endemic in the field. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Plemper, RK (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 3086 Rollins Res Ctr,1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM rplempe@emory.edu RI Compans, Richard/I-4087-2013 OI Compans, Richard/0000-0003-2360-335X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI057157, R21 AI056179, 1R21AI056179-01A2, R21 AI056179-01A2, U54 AI057157]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U38/CCU423095] NR 38 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 49 IS 9 BP 3755 EP 3761 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.9.3755-3761.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 959TT UT WOS:000231542900023 PM 16127050 ER PT J AU Rice, EW Adcock, NJ Sivaganesan, M Rose, LJ AF Rice, EW Adcock, NJ Sivaganesan, M Rose, LJ TI Inactivation of spores of Bacillus anthracis Sterne, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis by chlorination SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; AGENTS AB Three species of Bacillus were evaluated as potential surrogates for Bacillus anthracis for determining the sporicidal activity of chlorination as commonly used in drinking water treatment. Spores of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were found to be an appropriate surrogate for spores of B. anthracis for use in chlorine inactivation studies. C1 US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rice, EW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, 26 WML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rice.gene@epa.gov NR 12 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 BP 5587 EP 5589 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.9.5587-5589.2005 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 964RE UT WOS:000231897400082 PM 16151153 ER PT J AU Jin, L Rima, B Brown, D Orvell, C Tecle, T Afzal, M Uchida, K Nakayama, T Song, JW Kang, C Rota, PA Xu, W Featherstone, D AF Jin, L Rima, B Brown, D Orvell, C Tecle, T Afzal, M Uchida, K Nakayama, T Song, JW Kang, C Rota, PA Xu, W Featherstone, D TI Proposal for genetic characterisation of wild-type mumps strains: Preliminary standardisation of the nomenclature SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; HYDROPHOBIC PROTEIN GENE; SH GENE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; VIRUS GENOTYPES; IDENTIFICATION; OUTBREAK; JAPAN; SPECIMENS AB Though mumps virus (MuV) is a monotypic virus, genetic variation between strains has been described. Viruses have been placed into genotypes designated A-L based on the nucleotide sequence of the small hydrophobic (SH) gene, which is the most variable gene in the mumps genome. Molecular characterisation of MuV is an important component of mumps surveillance because it can help identify the transmission pathways of the virus as well as distinguish between wild-type and vaccine strains. Here, we propose a standardized nomenclature and an analysis protocol for the genetic characterisation of mumps strains to facilitate expansion of molecular epidemiological studies. In addition to assigning standard reference strains for the recognized genotypes of MuV, a convention is proposed for naming for strains and criteria to designate a new genotype. C1 Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Virus Reference Dept, London NW9 5HT, England. Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Med Biol, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. Huddinge Univ Hosp, Div Clin Virol, Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Div Virol, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Saitama Inst Publ Hlth, Virus Div, Saitama, Japan. Kitasato Inst Life Sci, Lab Viral Infect, Tokyo, Japan. Korea Univ, Coll Med, Inst Viral Dis, Dept Microbiol, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Natl Inst Hlth, Lab Resp Viruses, Seoul, South Korea. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Virol Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Lab Measles, Beijing, Peoples R China. World Hlth Org, Dept Immunisat Vaccines & Biol, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Jin, L (reprint author), Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Virus Reference Dept, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5HT, England. EM li.jin@hpa.org.uk NR 23 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 150 IS 9 BP 1903 EP 1909 DI 10.1007/s00705-005-0563-4 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 966JB UT WOS:000232014900014 PM 15959834 ER PT J AU Bolen, J Sniezek, J Adams, M Helmick, C Brady, T SAcks, J AF Bolen, J Sniezek, J Adams, M Helmick, C Brady, T SAcks, J TI Receipt of clinical preventive services among people 50 years and older with and without arthritis, 30 states, 2002 SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 12-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. On Target Hlth Data, Hartford, CT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 9 SU S BP S729 EP S729 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 969BG UT WOS:000232207803512 ER PT J AU Brady, TJ Wilcox, S Ananian, CD Abbott, J Vrazel, J Ramsey, C Sharpe, PA AF Brady, TJ Wilcox, S Ananian, CD Abbott, J Vrazel, J Ramsey, C Sharpe, PA TI Understanding barriers to exercise among people with arthritis. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 12-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 9 SU S BP S678 EP S678 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 969BG UT WOS:000232207803377 ER PT J AU Elliott, AL Fang, F Kraus, VB Renner, JB Helmick, C Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM AF Elliott, AL Fang, F Kraus, VB Renner, JB Helmick, C Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM TI Association of symptoms and signs of hand osteoarthritis with hip and knee osteoarthritis in African-Americans and Caucasians. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 12-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 9 SU S BP S515 EP S515 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 969BG UT WOS:000232207802389 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Sacks, JJ Helmick, CG Murphy, L Bolen, J Sniezek, JE AF Hootman, JM Sacks, JJ Helmick, CG Murphy, L Bolen, J Sniezek, JE TI Joints involved, severe pain, activity limitation and doctor-diagnosed arthritis among adults with chronic joint symptoms, United States, 2002. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 12-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 9 SU S BP S658 EP S658 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 969BG UT WOS:000232207803320 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Shih, M Brady, TJ AF Hootman, JM Shih, M Brady, TJ TI Prevalence and correlates of sleep impairment among adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis, United States, 2002. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 12-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 9 SU S BP S714 EP S714 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 969BG UT WOS:000232207803474 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Fang, F Arab, L Morris, J Renner, J Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC AF Jordan, JM Fang, F Arab, L Morris, J Renner, J Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC TI Low selenium levels are associated with increased risk for osteoarthritis of the knee. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 12-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 UNC, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 9 SU S BP S455 EP S455 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 969BG UT WOS:000232207802218 ER PT J AU Murphy, L Cisternas, M Yelin, E Helmick, C AF Murphy, L Cisternas, M Yelin, E Helmick, C TI Validity of self-reported arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in a US population health survey. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 12-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ovat Res Grp, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 9 SU S BP S466 EP S466 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 969BG UT WOS:000232207802248 ER PT J AU Murphy, L Joanne, J Schwartz, T Koch, G Helmick, C AF Murphy, L Joanne, J Schwartz, T Koch, G Helmick, C TI Racial differences in the lifetime risk of symptomatic knee OA. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 12-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RI Schwartz, Todd/D-4995-2012 OI Schwartz, Todd/0000-0002-0232-2543 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 9 SU S BP S457 EP S457 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 969BG UT WOS:000232207802223 ER PT J AU Townes, J Sobel, J Swanson, E Smith, K Krug, H Wagner, M Barkhuizen, A Thompson, M Deodhar, A AF Townes, J Sobel, J Swanson, E Smith, K Krug, H Wagner, M Barkhuizen, A Thompson, M Deodhar, A TI Incidence of gastroenteritis-associated reactive arthritis in Minnesota and Oregon: A population-based study SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 12-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Va Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 9 SU S BP S734 EP S734 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 969BG UT WOS:000232207803524 ER PT J AU Andresen, PR Ramachandran, G Pai, P Maynard, A AF Andresen, PR Ramachandran, G Pai, P Maynard, A TI Women's personal and indoor exposures to PM2.5 in Mysore, India: Impact of domestic fuel usage SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE women's exposures; domestic fuel combustion; indoor air pollution; exposure assessment; cooking fuels; PM2.5 ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; OUTDOOR; HEALTH; FINE; MATTER; VARIABILITY; COMBUSTION; PARTICLES; MORTALITY AB In traditional societies, women are more likely to be adversely affected by exposures to fine particulates from domestic fuel combustion due to their role in the family as the primary cooks. In this study, 24-h gravimetric personal and indoor PM2.5 exposures were measured for 15 women using kerosene and another 15 women using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as their main cooking fuel in Mysore, India. The women also answered a detailed questionnaire regarding their residential housing characteristics, health status, cooking practices and socioeconomic status. Repeated measurements were obtained during two seasons. The main objective of this study was to determine whether exposures to PM2.5 differed according to fuel usage patterns. A repeated-measures general linear model (GLM) was used to analyze the data. Women using kerosene as their primary cooking fuel had significantly higher exposures. During summer, the arithmetic mean ( standard error) for kerosene users personal exposure was 111 +/- 13 and 71 +/- 15 mu g m(-3) for LPG users. Kerosene users had higher exposures in winter (177 +/- 21 mu g m-3) compared to summer exposures. However, for LPG users there was no difference in their seasonal geometric mean exposures at 71 +/- 13 mu g m(-3). Indoor concentrations followed similar patterns. In summer, kerosene-using households had an arithmetic mean concentration of 98 +/- 9 mu g m(-3) and LPG-using households had an arithmetic mean concentration of 71 +/- 9 mu g m(-3). Winter concentrations were significantly higher than summer concentrations for kerosene users (155 +/- 13 mu g m(-3)) Again, LPG users showed only slightly higher indoor concentrations (73 +/- 6 mu g m(-3)) than kerosene users. Socioeconomic status, age, season and income were significant predictors of cooking fuel choice. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Mysore, Dept Environm Sci, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India. Ctr Dis Control, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Andresen, PR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Room E5620 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM pandrese@jhsph.edu OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 30 BP 5500 EP 5508 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.004 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971PC UT WOS:000232395400008 ER PT J AU Allen, AS Satten, GA Tsiatis, AA AF Allen, AS Satten, GA Tsiatis, AA TI Locally-efficient robust estimation of haplotype-disease association in family-based studies SO BIOMETRIKA LA English DT Article DE family-based association study; haplotype; nuisance parameter ID FREQUENCIES; POPULATION; GENETICS AB Modelling human genetic variation is critical to understanding the genetic basis of complex disease. The Human Genome Project has discovered millions of binary DNA sequence variants, called single nucleotide polymorphisms, and millions more may exist. As coding for proteins takes place along chromosomes, organisation of polymorphisms along each chromosome, the haplotype phase structure, may prove to be most important in discovering genetic variants associated with disease. As haplotype phase is often uncertain, procedures that model the distribution of parental haplotypes can, if this distribution is misspecified, lead to substantial bias in parameter estimates even when complete genotype information is available. Using a geometric approach to estimation in the presence of nuisance parameters, we address this problem and develop locally-efficient estimators of the effect of haplotypes on disease that are robust to incorrect estimates of haplotype frequencies. The methods are demonstrated with a simulation study of a case-parent design. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Allen, AS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM andrew.s.allen@duke.edu; gsatten@cdc.gov; tsiatis@stat.ncsu.edu NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3444 J9 BIOMETRIKA JI Biometrika PD SEP PY 2005 VL 92 IS 3 BP 559 EP 571 DI 10.1093/biomet/92.3.559 PG 13 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 959NL UT WOS:000231524600005 ER PT J AU Gaynor, BD Chidambaram, JD Cevallos, V Miao, Y Miller, K Jha, HC Bhatta, RC Chaudhary, JSP Holm, SO Whitcher, JP Holbrook, KA Fry, AM Lietman, TM AF Gaynor, BD Chidambaram, JD Cevallos, V Miao, Y Miller, K Jha, HC Bhatta, RC Chaudhary, JSP Holm, SO Whitcher, JP Holbrook, KA Fry, AM Lietman, TM TI Topical ocular antibiotics induce bacterial resistance at extraocular sites SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; NASOPHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS; AZITHROMYCIN DISTRIBUTION; PSEUDOMONAS KERATITIS; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; TRACHOMA; NEPAL; TRANSPORT; CARRIAGE; THERAPY AB Aim: To compare the prevalence of antibiotic resistance found in nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae between villages treated with topical tetracycline or systemic azithromycin as part of a trachoma control programme. Methods: All children aged 1 - 10 years were offered either single dose oral azithromycin treatment ( 20 mg/ kg) or a course of topical 1% tetracycline ointment, depending on the area. Treatment was given annually for 3 years. Six months after the third annual treatment in each village, children were surveyed for nasopharyngeal carriage of S pneumoniae and resistance was determined using broth dilution MIC technique. Children in two additional villages, which had not yet been treated, were also surveyed. Results: Nasopharyngeal carriage of S pneumoniae was similar in the tetracycline treated, azithromycin treated, and untreated areas ( p = 0.57). However, resistance to tetracycline and azithromycin was distributed differently between the three areas ( p = 0.004). The village treated with topical tetracycline had a higher prevalence of tetracycline resistance than the other villages ( p = 0.010), while the oral azithromycin treated village had a higher prevalence of macrolide resistance than the other villages ( p = 0.014). Conclusions: Annual mass treatment with oral azithromycin may alter the prevalence of drug resistant S pneumoniae in a community. Surprisingly, topical tetracycline may also increase nasopharyngeal pneumococcal resistance. Topical antibiotics may have an effect on extraocular bacterial resistance. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Ophthalmol, FI Proctor Fdn, WHO Collaborating Ctr Prevent Blindness, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Global Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Geta Eye Hosp, Geta, Nepal. Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lietman, TM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Ophthalmol, FI Proctor Fdn, WHO Collaborating Ctr Prevent Blindness, 95 Kirkham St,Room 307, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM TML@itsa.ucsf.edu OI Chidambaram, Jaya/0000-0001-5438-2858 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI55752-01] NR 23 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0007-1161 J9 BRIT J OPHTHALMOL JI Br. J. Ophthalmol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 89 IS 9 BP 1097 EP 1099 DI 10.1136/bjo.2005.068981 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 956PW UT WOS:000231313300008 PM 16113356 ER PT J AU Koval, JJ Aubut, JAL Pederson, LL O'Hegarty, M Chan, SSH AF Koval, JJ Aubut, JAL Pederson, LL O'Hegarty, M Chan, SSH TI The potential effectiveness of warning labels on cigarette packages - The perceptions of young adult Canadians SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE LA English DT Article DE smoking; product labelling; statistics ID TOBACCO CONTROL; SMOKING; STUDENTS; POLICIES; TAXES; YOUTH AB Background: Since 1989 when health warning labels appeared on Canadian cigarette packages, the labels have changed from text only covering less than one quarter of the package to text and graphics covering over half the package. This study examines how Canadians in their 20s feel about the current graphic warning labels and their potential to prevent smoking and encourage quitting. Methods: Participants between 20 and 24 years of age were part of a 10-year cohort study begun when the group was in Grade 6, with the purpose of examining factors that may affect smoking. Five questions about warning labels were added to the 2002 questionnaire requesting information on perceptions of the labels and their potential impact on smoking behaviours of young adults. One item had been included in previous questionnaires. Results: 32.8% (n=1267) of the respondents were smokers, with males (35.6%) being more likely to smoke than females (30.4%). Current smokers were less likely than experimental/ex-smokers to believe that warning labels with stronger messages would make people their age less likely to smoke. Female current smokers were more likely to think about quitting. Conclusion: Despite the efforts taken in developing the labels, some young adults are skeptical about their effects. Warning labels may have to be modified to target issues that are relevant to young adults; gender differences are important in this modification. Warning labels can offer an additional component to a comprehensive tobacco control program, in that they provide health information. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. Res Triangle Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koval, JJ (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. EM jkoval@biostats.uwo.ca NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 1565 CARLING AVE, SUITE 400, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 8R1, CANADA SN 0008-4263 J9 CAN J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Can. J. Public Health-Rev. Can. Sante Publ. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 96 IS 5 BP 353 EP 356 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 971VD UT WOS:000232412000008 PM 16238153 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Kottiri, BJ Leadbetter, S Blackman, D Thompson, T McKenna, MT Stallings, FL AF Saraiya, M Kottiri, BJ Leadbetter, S Blackman, D Thompson, T McKenna, MT Stallings, FL TI Total and percent free prostate-specific antigen levels among US men, 2001-2002 SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; REFERENCE RANGES; UNITED-STATES; PSA LEVELS; WHITE MEN; CANCER; ESTABLISHMENT; NG/ML AB Background: Because total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and, more recently, the percent free PSA are used to screen men for prostate cancer, population-based, age- and race specific distributions are needed of both PSA tests among American men to estimate the effect of lowering the PSA threshold or widespread introduction of the free PSA test as an additional screening test. Methods: We did PSA assays on serum samples from men of ages 40 years and older (n = 1,320) who participated in the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results: About 6.1% (95% confidence interval, 4.7-7.7%), corresponding to an estimated 3.4 million (range, 2.7-4.3 million) men nationwide, ages 40 years and older, had a total PSA of > 4.0 ng/mL. Among men ages 50 to 69 years old, the age group for which PSA testing is most prevalent, 5.4% or an estimated 900,000 to 2 million men had a total PSA of > 4.0 ng/mL. An equal number had a total PSA between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/mL and a percent free PSA of < 25%. Approximately 27% of men in this age group, corresponding to a range of 5.7 to 8.1 million men, had a total PSA < 2.5 ng/mL and a percent free PSA of < 25%. Conclusion: The effect of lowering the total PSA threshold or introducing another screening test is significant. Provision of the number of U.S. men with certain total PSA and percent free PSA values may help guide prostate cancer public health policy and screening practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Nutr Examinat Survey, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM msaraiya@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 14 IS 9 BP 2178 EP 2182 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0206 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 965SU UT WOS:000231971400021 PM 16172229 ER PT J AU Romero-Steiner, S Holder, PF de Leon, PG Spear, W Hennessy, TW Carlone, GM AF Romero-Steiner, S Holder, PF de Leon, PG Spear, W Hennessy, TW Carlone, GM TI Avidity determinations for Haemophilus influenzae type b anti-polyribosylribitol phosphate antibodies SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATE VACCINES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; THIOCYANATE ELUTION; IMMUNOGENICITY; POLYSACCHARIDE; IMMUNIZATION; INFANTS; ELISA AB Determination of antibody avidity measurements can be difficult in human serum depending on the population evaluated. We evaluated three approaches for the determination of antibody avidity for immunoglobulin G (IgG). These approaches were (i) elution of bound antibody with increasing concentrations of a chaotropic agent using a single serum dilution, (ii) binding interference of multiple serum dilutions by a single concentration of a chaotrope, and (iii) elution of multiple serum dilutions by a single concentration of a chaotrope. Parameters that affect the determination of avidity measurements and their limitations were evaluated with pre- and post-Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination sera (n = 89). We determined that elution of low-avidity antibodies present in multiple dilutions of the serum sample by a single concentration of a chaotrope (0.15 M sodium thiocyanate [NaSCN]) was optimal for the determination of avidity measurements throughout a wide range of IgG concentrations (0.94 to 304.6 mu g/ml). The percent reduction in concentration as determined by the elution assay with 0.15 M NaSCN correlated highly (r = 0.84) with weighted averages obtained by an elution assay with multiple solutions of NaSCN. The correlation (r = 0.57) between elution and binding interference, when a single concentration of a chaotrope was used, was lower than the correlation between the two elution methods (r = 0.84). We found that the serum dilution, the heterogeneity of the antibody population, and the concentration of the chaotrope were the primary variables affecting avidity determinations. In this study, we present multiple analysis methods depending on the methodology used. We also present the factors that affect the analysis of avidity determinations given the polyclonal nature of human sera. This experimental approach should benefit the evaluation of similar antibodies induced by other bacterial polysaccharide vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Immunol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Sch Med, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Romero-Steiner, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Immunol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-36, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM SSteiner@cdc.gov OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1029 EP 1035 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.9.1029-1035.2005 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 964QG UT WOS:000231895000003 PM 16148167 ER PT J AU Green, BJ Schmechel, D Tovey, ER AF Green, BJ Schmechel, D Tovey, ER TI Detection of aerosolized Alternaria alternata conidia, hyphae, and fragments by using a novel double-immunostaining technique SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLERGEN RELEASE; FUNGAL FRAGMENTS; AEROALLERGEN; GERMINATION; EXPOSURE AB A double-immunostaining halogen immunoassay was developed to identify aerosolized conidia, hyphae, and fragments of Alternaria alternata by using an anti-Alternaria polyclonal antiserum, while, simultaneously, allergy to these components was concurrently determined by using human immunoglobulin E antibodies. C1 Univ Sydney, Dept Med, Woolcock Allergen Unit, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Tovey, ER (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Dept Med, Woolcock Allergen Unit, Room 461,Blackburn Bldg,D06, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM ert@mail.med.usyd.edu.au FU PHS HHS [253818] NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1114 EP 1116 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.9.1114-1116.2005 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 964QG UT WOS:000231895000016 PM 16148180 ER PT J AU Reed, E AF Reed, E TI ERCC1 and clinical resistance to platinum-based therapy SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN OVARIAN-CANCER; NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; CELL-LINES; DNA ADDUCT; EXPRESSION; TISSUES; GENE; CHEMOTHERAPY; A2780/CP70 C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Reed, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-52, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM duf7c@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 86 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 11 IS 17 BP 6100 EP 6102 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1083 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 962IB UT WOS:000231723600002 PM 16144907 ER PT J AU Kissinger, P Mohammed, H Richardson-Alston, G Leichliter, JS Taylor, SN Martin, DH Farley, TA AF Kissinger, P Mohammed, H Richardson-Alston, G Leichliter, JS Taylor, SN Martin, DH Farley, TA TI Patient-delivered partner treatment for male urethritis: A randomized, controlled trial SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; NATIONAL-SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; RECURRENT; NOTIFICATION; AZITHROMYCIN; PERSISTENT; MEDICATION; GONORRHEA; THERAPY AB Background. Traditional partner referral for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is ineffective at assuring that partners are treated. Alternative methods are needed. We sought to determine whether patient-delivered partner treatment ( PDPT) is better than 2 different methods of partner referral in providing antibiotic treatment to sex partners of men with urethritis and in reducing recurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Methods. Men who received a diagnosis of urethritis at a public STD clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana, during the period of December 2001 through March 2004 were randomly assigned according to the month of treatment for either standard partner referral ( PR), booklet-enhanced partner referral (BEPR), or PDPT. At baseline and after 1 month, men were asked to provide information about each partner and were tested for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae. Results. Most enrolled index men (n = 977) were 124 years of age (51.6%) and African American (95%) and had >= 2 partners (68.3%). They reported information on 1991 partners, and 78.8% were reinterviewed 4-8 weeks later. Men in the PDPT arm were more likely than men in the BEPR and PR arms to report having seen their partners, having talked to their partners about the infection, having given the intervention to their partners, and having been told by their partners that the antibiotic treatment had been taken (55.8%, 45.6%, and 35.0%, respectively; P < .001). Of men who were reinterviewed, 37.5% agreed to follow-up testing for N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis infection. Those tested were similar to those not tested with regard to the study variables measured. Among those tested, men in the PDPT and BEPR arms were less likely than those in the PR arm to test positive for C. trachomatis and/or N. gonorrhoeae (23.0%, 14.3%, and 42.7%, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion. Among heterosexual men with urethritis, PDPT was better than standard partner referral for treatment of partners and prevention of recurrence of C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae infection. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70012 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, New Orleans, LA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kissinger, P (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, Hlth Sci Ctr, SL-18,1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70012 USA. EM kissing@tulane.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [R30/CCR619146] NR 18 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 623 EP 629 DI 10.1086/432476 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 952HW UT WOS:000230995600008 PM 16080084 ER PT J AU Vellozzi, C Lane, JM Averhoff, F Maurer, T Norton, S Damon, I Casey, C AF Vellozzi, C Lane, JM Averhoff, F Maurer, T Norton, S Damon, I Casey, C TI Generalized vaccinia, progressive vaccinia, and eczema vaccinatum are rare following smallpox (vaccinia) vaccination: United States surveillance, 2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; COMPLICATIONS; PREVALENCE; EXPERIENCE AB Generalized vaccinia (GV), progressive vaccinia (PV), and eczema vaccinatum (EV) are adverse reactions following smallpox vaccination. We investigated all reports suggestive of GV, PV, or EV among United States civilian smallpox vaccinees during 2003 and applied standard case definitions. We identified 29 reports of possible GV among 38,440 vaccinees; 2 (7%) of the reports met the case definition. One case of GV was confirmed by identifying vaccinia from a lesion distant from the vaccine site using polymerase chain reaction. The other case was classified as probable GV, because confirmatory testing was not done. We identified 3 potential EV cases and 7 potential PV cases, none of which met the standard case definition. GV, PV, and EV were rare or absent following smallpox vaccination after careful screening of potential vaccinees. GV may be difficult to distinguish from other rashes, and confirmatory testing is recommended. Careful prevaccination screening probably contributed to the low incidence of these adverse reactions following smallpox vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Program, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Logist Hlth Inc, La Crosse, WI USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Smallpox Eradicat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vellozzi, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bno1@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 689 EP 697 DI 10.1086/432584 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 952HW UT WOS:000230995600017 PM 16080092 ER PT J AU Flint, JA Van Duynhoven, YT Angulo, FJ DeLong, SM Braun, P Kirk, M Scallan, E Fitzgerald, M Adak, GK Sockett, P Ellis, A Hall, G Gargouri, N Walke, H Braam, P AF Flint, JA Van Duynhoven, YT Angulo, FJ DeLong, SM Braun, P Kirk, M Scallan, E Fitzgerald, M Adak, GK Sockett, P Ellis, A Hall, G Gargouri, N Walke, H Braam, P TI Estimating the burden of acute gastroenteritis, foodborne disease, and pathogens commonly transmitted by food: An international review SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; GENERAL-PRACTICE; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; COMMUNITY; DIARRHEA; ENGLAND; SURVEILLANCE; NETHERLANDS; CANADA; STOOL AB The burden of foodborne disease is not well defined in many countries or regions or on a global level. The World Health Organization (WHO), in conjunction with other national public health agencies, is coordinating a number of international activities designed to assist countries in the strengthening of disease surveillance and to determine the burden of acute gastroenteritis. These data can then be used to estimate the following situations: (1) the burden associated with acute gastroenteritis of foodborne origin, (2) the burden caused by specific pathogens commonly transmitted by food, and (3) the burden caused by specific foods or food groups. Many of the scientists collaborating with the WHO on these activities have been involved in quantifying the burden of acute gastroenteritis on a national basis. This article reviews these key national studies and the international efforts that are providing the necessary information and technical resources to derive national, regional, and global burden of disease estimates. C1 Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Foodborne Waterborne & Zoonot Infect Div, Guelph, ON N1G 5B2, Canada. WHO, PAHO, Caribbean Epidemiol Ctr, Port Of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Foodborne Waterborne & Zoonot Infect Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Ctr Infect Dis Epidemiol, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Leipzig, Fac Vet, Inst Food Hyg, D-7010 Leipzig, Germany. Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Hlth Protect Agcy Communicable Dis Surveillance C, Gastrointestinal Dis Dept, London, England. WHO, Foodborne Dis Surveillance, Emerging Publ Hlth Risks Including Drug Resistanc, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Flint, JA (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Foodborne Waterborne & Zoonot Infect Div, 160 Res Ln,Ste 206, Guelph, ON N1G 5B2, Canada. EM james_flint@phac-aspc.gc.ca NR 28 TC 115 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 698 EP 704 DI 10.1086/432064 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 952HW UT WOS:000230995600018 PM 16080093 ER PT J AU Vargas, J Gamboa, C Negrin, D Correa, M Sandoval, C Aguiar, A Prieto, M Rodriguez-Morales, AJ De Waard, J Yakrus, M AF Vargas, J Gamboa, C Negrin, D Correa, M Sandoval, C Aguiar, A Prieto, M Rodriguez-Morales, AJ De Waard, J Yakrus, M TI Disseminated Mycobacterium mucogenicum infection in a patient with idiopathic CD4(+) T lymphocytopenia manifesting as fever of unknown origin SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; CHELONAE; DISEASE C1 Inst Biomed, Collaborat Grp Clin Infect Dis Res, Caracas, Venezuela. Inst Biomed, TB Lab, Caracas, Venezuela. Univ Los Andes, Ctr Res Jose Witremundo Torrealba, Trujillo, Venezuela. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacterial Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vargas, J (reprint author), CR Los Angeles, T-2,10-2,Sec Pque Cigarral,Urb Boyera, Caracas 1083, Miranda, Venezuela. EM jairvargas_md@yahoo.com RI Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J./A-6359-2011; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso/R-9765-2016 OI Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J./0000-0001-9773-2192; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso/0000-0001-9773-2192 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 759 EP 760 DI 10.1086/432622 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 952HW UT WOS:000230995600028 PM 16080103 ER PT J AU Perz, JF Fiore, AE AF Perz, JF Fiore, AE TI Hepatitis B virus infection risks among diabetic patients residing in long-term care facilities SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Perz, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol Branch, MS G-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jperz@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 760 EP 761 DI 10.1086/432624 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 952HW UT WOS:000230995600029 PM 16080104 ER PT J AU Schrag, S Phil, D Schuchat, A AF Schrag, S Phil, D Schuchat, A TI Prevention of neonatal sepsis SO CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID B-STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; EARLY-ONSET SEPSIS; SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; DOSE PENICILLIN PROPHYLAXIS; BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS; PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE; TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE; RISK-FACTORS; CONTROLLED TRIAL AB Neonatal sepsis is a leading infectious cause of infant mortality. While use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis in the United States has led to dramatic declines in perinatal sepsis caused by the bacteria group B streptococcus, interventions to prevent perinatal sepsis due to other causes have not yet been clearly defined. This article synthesizes information on neonatal sepsis disease burden, trends, and risk factors and reviews current and potential approaches to neonatal sepsis prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aschuchat@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0095-5108 J9 CLIN PERINATOL JI Clin. Perinatol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 BP 601 EP + DI 10.1016/j.clp.2005.05.005 PG 16 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 959XT UT WOS:000231553500005 PM 16085022 ER PT J AU Hollier, LM Workowski, K AF Hollier, LM Workowski, K TI Treatment of sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy SO CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS INFECTION; RECURRENT GENITAL HERPES; HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC-STENOSIS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; SPONTANEOUS PRETERM BIRTH; PREVENT NEONATAL HERPES AB Sexually transmitted infections remain a major public health concern in the United States. An estimated 19 million infections occur each year. The economic burden imposed by sexually transmitted infections is impressive: direct medical costs have been estimated as high as $15.5 billion annually. Sexually transmitted infections are relatively common during pregnancy, especially in indigent, urban populations. Education, screening, treatment, and prevention are important components of prenatal care for women at increased risk for these infections. Treatment of these sexually transmitted infections is clearly associated with improved pregnancy outcome and reductions in perinatal mortality. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Lyndon Baines Johnson Gen Hosp, Houston, TX 77026 USA. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Guidelines Unit, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hollier, LM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Lyndon Baines Johnson Gen Hosp, 5656 Kelly St, Houston, TX 77026 USA. EM lisa.m.hollier@uth.tmc.edu NR 153 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0095-5108 J9 CLIN PERINATOL JI Clin. Perinatol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 BP 629 EP + DI 10.1016/j.clp.2005.04.007 PG 30 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 959XT UT WOS:000231553500007 PM 16085024 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Jernigan, DB Ellis, JE Treadwell, TA AF Jamieson, DJ Jernigan, DB Ellis, JE Treadwell, TA TI Emerging infections and pregnancy: West Nile virus, monkeypox, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and bioterrorism SO CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; UNITED-STATES; ANTHRAX; SARS; CORONAVIRUS; PNEUMONIA; SMALLPOX; OUTBREAK; OUTCOMES AB As new infectious diseases, such as West Nile virus, monkeypox, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) are recognized in the United States, there are critical questions about how these infectious diseases will affect pregnant women and their infants. In addition, the implications of bioterrorist attacks for exposed pregnant women need to be considered. In this article, the authors address the following questions for a number of infectious disease threats: (1) does pregnancy affect the clinical course of these novel infectious diseases?, (2) what are the implications for prophylaxis and treatment of exposed or infected pregnant women?, and (3) are these novel infectious diseases transmitted during pregnancy, labor and delivery, or breastfeeding? C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM djamieson@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0095-5108 J9 CLIN PERINATOL JI Clin. Perinatol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 BP 765 EP + DI 10.1016/j.clp.2005.04.008 PG 13 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 959XT UT WOS:000231553500015 PM 16085032 ER PT J AU Belay, ED Sejvar, JJ Shieh, WJ Wiersma, ST Zou, WQ Gambetti, P Hunter, S Maddox, RA Crockett, L Zaki, SR Schonberger, LB AF Belay, ED Sejvar, JJ Shieh, WJ Wiersma, ST Zou, WQ Gambetti, P Hunter, S Maddox, RA Crockett, L Zaki, SR Schonberger, LB TI Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease death, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-TRANSFUSION AB The only variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) patient identified in the United States died in 2004, and the diagnosis was confirmed by analysis of autopsy tissue. The patient likely acquired the disease while growing up in Great Britain before immigrating to the United States in 1992. Additional vCJD patients continue to be identified outside the United Kingdom, including 2 more patients in Ireland, and 1 patient each in Japan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain and the Netherlands. The reports of bloodborne transmis- sion of vCJD in 2 patients, 1 of whom was heterozygous for methionine and valine at polymorphic codon 129, add to the uncertainty about the future of the vCJD outbreak. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Belay, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ebelay@cdc.gov RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1351 EP 1354 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400003 PM 16229761 ER PT J AU Godsey, MS Nasci, R Savage, HM Aspen, S King, R Powers, AM Burkhalter, K Colton, L Charnetzky, D Lasater, S Taylor, V Palmisano, CT AF Godsey, MS Nasci, R Savage, HM Aspen, S King, R Powers, AM Burkhalter, K Colton, L Charnetzky, D Lasater, S Taylor, V Palmisano, CT TI West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes, Louisiana, 2002 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD-COLLECTED MOSQUITOS; HOST-FEEDING PATTERNS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; NEW-YORK; VECTOR COMPETENCE; CULEX MOSQUITOS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; SURVEILLANCE AB Human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) disease appeared in St. Tammany and Tangipahoa Parishes in southeastern Louisiana in June 2002. Cases peaked during July, then rapidly declined. We conducted mosquito collections from August 3 to August 15 at residences of patients with confirmed and suspected WNV disease to estimate species composition, relative abundance, and WNV infection rates. A total of 31,215 mosquitoes repre senting 25 species were collected by using primarily gravid traps and CO2-baited light traps. Mosquitoes containing WNV RNA were obtained from 5 of 11 confirmed case sites and from 1 of 3 sites with non-WNV disease. WNV RNA was detected in 9 mosquito pools, including 7 Culex quinquefasciatus, 1 Cx salinarius, and 1 Coquillettidia perturbans. Mosquito infection rates among sites ranged from 0.8/1,000 to 10.9/1,000. Results suggest that Cx. quinquefasciatus was the primary epizootic/epidemic vector, with other species possibly playing a secondary role. C1 CDC, Div VectorBorne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. St Tammany Parish Mosquito Abatement District, Slidell, LA USA. RP Godsey, MS (reprint author), CDC, Div VectorBorne Infect Dis, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM mjg9@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1399 EP 1404 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400011 PM 16229769 ER PT J AU Schaefer, A Robbins, KE Nzilambi, EN Louis, MES Quinn, TC Folks, TM Kalish, ML Pieniazek, D AF Schaefer, A Robbins, KE Nzilambi, EN Louis, MES Quinn, TC Folks, TM Kalish, ML Pieniazek, D TI Divergent HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus surveillance, Zaire SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN-BLOT; BUSHMEAT; TYPE-2; POL AB Recent HIV infection or divergent HIV or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains may be responsible for Western blot-indeterminate results on 70 serum samples from Zairian hospital employees that were reactive in an enzyme immunoassay. Using universal polymerase chain reaction HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV primers, we detected 1 (1.4%) HIV-1 sequence. Except for 1 sample, no molecular evidence for unusual HIV- or SIV-like strains in this sampling was found. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Projet Sida, Kinshasa, Congo. Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Pieniazek, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dxp1@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1446 EP 1448 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400020 PM 16229778 ER PT J AU Bin Saeed, AA Al-Hamdan, NA Fontaine, RE AF Bin Saeed, AA Al-Hamdan, NA Fontaine, RE TI Plague from eating raw camel liver SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; NEW-MEXICO AB We investigated a cluster of 5 plague cases; the patients included 4 with severe pharyngitis and submandibular lymphadenitis. These 4 case-patients had eaten raw camel liver. Yersinia pestis was isolated from bone marrow of the camel and from jirds (Meriones libycus) and fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) captured at the camel corral. C1 King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bin Saeed, AA (reprint author), King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Family & Community Med, POB 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. EM abinsaeed2001@yahoo.com NR 6 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1456 EP 1457 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400023 PM 16229781 ER PT J AU Skenders, G Fry, AM Prokopovica, I Greckoseja, S Broka, L Metchock, B Holtz, TH Wells, CD Leimane, V AF Skenders, G Fry, AM Prokopovica, I Greckoseja, S Broka, L Metchock, B Holtz, TH Wells, CD Leimane, V TI Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis detection, Latvia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINE PROBE ASSAY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; RAPID DETECTION; RIFAMPICIN RESISTANCE; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; PCR; COUNTRIES; SPUTUM AB To improve multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) detection, we successfully introduced the rpoB gene mutation line probe assay into the national laboratory in Latvia, a country with epidemic MDR-TB. The assay detected rifampin resistance with 91 % sensitivity and 96% specificity within 1 to 5 days (vs. 12-47 days for BACTEC). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. State Ctr TB & Lung Dis, Riga, Latvia. RP Wells, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cwells@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1461 EP 1463 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400025 PM 16229783 ER PT J AU Whichard, JM Joyce, K Fey, PD Nelson, JM Angulo, FJ Barrett, TJ AF Whichard, JM Joyce, K Fey, PD Nelson, JM Angulo, FJ Barrett, TJ TI beta-lactam resistance and Enterobacteriaceae, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SHIGELLA-DYSENTERIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STRAIN; INVOLVEMENT; EMERGENCE AB Extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) are an important drug class for treating severe Salmonella infections. We screened the human collection from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System 2000 for ESC resistance mechanisms. Of non-Typhi Salmonella tested, 3.2% (44/1,378) contained bla(CMY). genes. Novel findings included bla(CMY)-positive Escherichia coli O157:H7 and a bla(SHV)-positive Salmonella isolate. CMY-positive isolates showed a ceftriaxone MIC >= mu g/mL. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. RP Whichard, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS G29,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zyr3@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1464 EP 1466 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400026 PM 16229784 ER PT J AU Morin, CA White, K Schuchat, A Danila, RN Lynfield, R AF Morin, CA White, K Schuchat, A Danila, RN Lynfield, R TI Perinatal group B streptococcal disease prevention, Minnesota SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In 2002, revised guidelines for preventing perinatal group B streptococcal disease were published. In 2002, all Minnesota providers surveyed reported using a prevention policy. Most screen vaginal and rectal specimens at 34-37 weeks of gestation. The use of screening-based methods has increased dramatically since 1998. C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morin, CA (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. EM craig.morin@health.state.mn.us FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU511190-08] NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1467 EP 1469 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400027 PM 16229785 ER PT J AU Factor, SH LaClaire, L Bronsdon, M Suleymanova, F Altynbaeva, G Kadirov, BA Shamieva, U Dowell, SF Schuchat, A Facklam, R Schwartz, B Chorba, T AF Factor, SH LaClaire, L Bronsdon, M Suleymanova, F Altynbaeva, G Kadirov, BA Shamieva, U Dowell, SF Schuchat, A Facklam, R Schwartz, B Chorba, T TI Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b carriage, central Asia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; DISEASE; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRIAL; HIB AB A study of children was conducted in 3 Central Asian Republics. Approximately half of the Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were serotypes included in available vaccine formulations. Approximately 6% of children carried Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Using pneumococcal and Hib conjugate vaccines may decrease illness in the Central Asian Republics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Zhambyl Oblast Childrens Infect Dis Hosp, Taraz, Kazakhstan. Uzbekistan Minist Hlth, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Osh Oblast Childrens Infect Dis Hosp, Osh, Kyrgyzstan. Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Factor, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM sfactor@health.nyc.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1476 EP 1479 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400030 PM 16229788 ER PT J AU Begier, EM Barrett, NL Mshar, PA Johnson, DG Hadler, JL AF Begier, EM Barrett, NL Mshar, PA Johnson, DG Hadler, JL CA Connect Biote Field Epid Resp Team TI Gram-positive rod surveillance for early anthrax detection SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX AB Connecticut established telephone-based gram-positive rod (GPR) reporting primarily to detect inhalational anthrax cases more quickly. From March to December 2003, annualized incidence of blood isolates was 21.3/100,000 persons; reports included 293 Corynebacterium spp., 193 Bacillus spp., 73 Clostridium spp., 26 Lactobacillus spp., and 49 other genera. Aound-the-clock GPR reporting has described GPR epidemiology and enhanced rapid communication with clinical laboratories. C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hadler, JL (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM james.hadler@po.state.et.us NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1483 EP 1486 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400032 PM 16229790 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, AF Pesik, NT Meltzer, MI AF Kaufmann, AF Pesik, NT Meltzer, MI TI Syndromic surveillance in bioterrorist attacks SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM mmeltzer@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1487 EP 1488 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400033 PM 16673516 ER PT J AU Mattar, S Edwards, E Laguado, J Gonzalez, M Alvarez, J Komar, N AF Mattar, S Edwards, E Laguado, J Gonzalez, M Alvarez, J Komar, N TI West Nile Virus antibodies in Colombian horses SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Cordoba, Cordoba, Colombia. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM nck6@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 49 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1497 EP 1498 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400040 PM 16673523 ER PT J AU Gouandjika-Vasilache, I Kipela, J Daba, RM Mokwapi, V Nambozuina, E Cabore, J Pasi, O Menard, D AF Gouandjika-Vasilache, I Kipela, J Daba, RM Mokwapi, V Nambozuina, E Cabore, J Pasi, O Menard, D TI Wild poliovirus type 1, Central African Republic SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Inst Pasteur, Reg Polio Ref Lab, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. WHO, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. Minist Hlth, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. WHO, Yaounde, Cameroon. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gouandjika-Vasilache, I (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Reg Polio Ref Lab, BP 923, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. EM ioncla512@yahoo.fr RI Menard, Didier/O-3294-2013 OI Menard, Didier/0000-0003-1357-4495 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1498 EP 1499 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400041 PM 16673524 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Oneness, complexity, and the distribution of disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1500 EP 1501 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400042 PM 16673525 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK AF Reeves, WK TI Molecular genetic evidence for a novel bacterial endosymbiont of Icosta americana (Diptera : Hippoboscidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cui8@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 116 IS 4 BP 263 EP 265 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 990BQ UT WOS:000233718600008 ER PT J AU Green, R Hauser, R Calafat, AM Weuve, J Schettler, T Ringer, S Huttner, K Hu, H AF Green, R Hauser, R Calafat, AM Weuve, J Schettler, T Ringer, S Huttner, K Hu, H TI Use of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-containing medical products and urinary levels of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in neonatal intensive care unit infants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; hospital equipment and supplies; mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthallate; neonatal intensive care units; newborn infants ID PLASTICIZER; EXPOSURE; CELLS AB OBJECTIVE: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer used in medical products made with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic and may be toxic to humans. DEHP is lipophilic and binds non-covalently to PVC, allowing it to leach from these products. Medical devices containing DEHP are used extensively in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Among neonates in NICUs, we studied exposure to DEHP-containing medical devices in relation to urinary levels of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), a metabolite of DEHP. DESIGN: We used a cross-sectional design for this study. PARTICIPANTS: We studied 54 neonates admitted to either of two level III hospital NICUs for at least 3 days between 1 March and 36 April 2003. MEASUREMENTS: A priori, we classified the infants' exposures to DEHP based on medical products used: The low-DEHP exposure group included infants receiving primarily bottle and/or gavage feedings; the medium exposure group included infants receiving enteral feedings, intravenous hyperalimentation, and/or nasal continuous positive airway pressure; and the high exposure group included infants receiving umbilical vessel catheterization, endotracheal intubation, intravenous hyperalimentation, and indwelling gavage tube. We measured MEHP in the infants' urine using automated solid-phase extraction/isotope dilution/high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Urinary MEHP levels increased monotonically with DEHP exposure. For the low-, medium-, and high-DEHP exposure groups, median (interquartile range) MEHP levels were 4 (18), 28 (58), and 86 ng/mL (150), respectively (p = 0.004). After adjustment for institution and sex, urinary MEHP levels among infants in the high exposure group were 5.1 times those among infants in the low exposure group (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Intensive use of DEHP-containing medical devices in NICU infants results in higher exposure to DEHP as reflected by elevated urinary levels of MEHP. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Sci & Environm Hlth Network, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Neonatol Unit, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Neonatol Unit, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Hu, H (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Landmark Ctr E 3-110A,401 Pk Dr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM lihu@hsph.harvard.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES000002, ES00002] NR 19 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 17 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 113 IS 9 BP 1222 EP 1225 DI 10.1289/chp.7932 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 961QU UT WOS:000231677700043 PM 16140631 ER PT J AU Tsukino, H Hanaoka, T Sasaki, H Motoyama, H Hiroshima, M Tanaka, T Kabuto, M Niskar, AS Rubin, C Patterson, DG Turner, W Needham, L Tsugane, S AF Tsukino, H Hanaoka, T Sasaki, H Motoyama, H Hiroshima, M Tanaka, T Kabuto, M Niskar, AS Rubin, C Patterson, DG Turner, W Needham, L Tsugane, S TI Associations between serum levels of selected organochlorine compounds and endometriosis in infertile Japanese women SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE organochlorines; polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; polychlorinated dibenzofurans; coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls; endometriosis ID DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; EXPOSURE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; RISK; PCBS; POPULATION; DESIGN; UPDATE AB Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been proposed as risk factors for endometriosis. Persistent organochlorine compounds, a group of suspected EDCs, are present to some extent in almost all human adipose tissue and blood via the food chain. A few animal studies have confirmed that exposure to these compounds can increase the incidence of endometriosis. In this study, we examined the. associations between endometriosis and exposure to selected organochlorine compounds, including 8 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 10 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 4 coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (cPCBs), 36 ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 13 chlorinated pesticides or their metabolites. The participants were 139 infertile Japanese women who. were examined by laparoscopy and diagnosed as either endometriosis cases (Stages II-IV) or controls (Stages 0-I). The serum levels (lipid adjusted) of the targeted organochlorine compounds were in both 58 cases and 81 controls. There were very few differences in the various levels between endometriosis cases and controls. The total serum toxic equivalency (TEQ) value of PCDDs was significantly higher in the controls than in the cases (P = 0.02). No other total TEQ values differed between cases and controls. For PCDDs, PCDFs, cPCBs, and PCBs, the multivariate odds ratio was 0.38 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12-1.17] and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.14-1.27) for the third and highest quartiles, respectively, compared to the lowest quartile of total TEQ values. A weak, negative dose-response relationship was evident for total TEQs (P for trend of 0.06). The results of this study provide some evidence that serum levels of these organochlorine compounds are not associated with an increased risk of endometriosis in infertile Japanese women. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Canc Ctr Tsukiji, Epidemiol & Prevent Div, Res Ctr Canc Prevent & Screening, Tokyo, Japan. Jikei Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Minato Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ibaraki, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hanaoka, T (reprint author), Natl Canc Ctr Tsukiji, Epidemiol & Prevent Div, Res Ctr Canc Prevent & Screening, Tokyo, Japan. EM thanaoka@gan2.res.ncc.go.jp RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Tsugane, Shocichiro/A-2424-2015 NR 37 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 99 IS 1 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2005.04.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 955AQ UT WOS:000231197400015 PM 15927178 ER PT J AU Hadgu, A Dendukuri, N Hilden, J AF Hadgu, A Dendukuri, N Hilden, J TI Evaluation of nucleic acid amplification tests in the absence of a perfect gold-standard test - A review of the statistical and epidemiologic issues SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS URETHRITIS; LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; DISCREPANT ANALYSIS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; REACTION ASSAY; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI AB During the past 10 years, medical diagnostic testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has changed markedly as a result of the rapid expansion and marketing of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). Among such new DNA/RNA-amplification techniques are the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the ligase chain reaction (LCR), and the transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) tests. Regrettably, the test evaluation process undergone by these tests has not always been rigorous or scientifically sound. Here, we review the controversy surrounding the statistical evaluation of these NAATs. We also review some of the traditional and recent statistical methods developed to estimate test sensitivity and specificity parameters in the absence of reliable gold-standard tests. In particular, we review the traditional latent class modeling approach that requires the assumption of independence between diagnostic tests conditional on the true disease status, and the more recent procedures that relax the conditional independence assumption. Finally, we apply some of these statistical modeling techniques to real data to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of a NAAT for Chlamydia trachomatis. On the basis of the latent class modeling approach with a pessimistic prior for culture sensitivity, the NAAT specificity estimate was 97.6% and, on the basis of an optimistic prior, the specificity was 95.3%. Similarly, the sensitivity estimates ranged from 88.1% to 89.6%. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biostat, Copenhagen, Denmark. McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Hadgu, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ahadgu@cdc.gov NR 90 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP 604 EP 612 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000173042.07579.17 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200003 PM 16135935 ER PT J AU Longnecker, MP Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW Guo, XG AF Longnecker, MP Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW Guo, XG TI Maternal levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in relation to preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-MILK; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; FISHING COMMUNITY; IN-UTERO; WEIGHT; ASSOCIATION; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; WOMEN AB Background: In developed countries, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous contaminants of the environment, including foods. Within the range of the resulting low-level exposure, associations of PCBs with lower birth weight have been observed in several studies. Methods: To examine further the association of PCBs with birth outcomes, we measured serum levels in 1034 pregnant women who were enrolled in the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project in 1959 to 1965 before PCB manufacturing was banned. Results: The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for preterm birth among those with PCB levels of >= 4 mu g/L of total PCBs, compared with those with <2 mu g/L, was 1.1 (95% confidence interval = 0.6-2.2); for the same exposure contrast, the odds ratio for delivering an infant who was small-for-gestational-age at birth was 1.6 (0.7-3.7). Birth weight and length of gestation were essentially unrelated to PCB level. Conclusions: In these data, maternal levels of PCBs during pregnancy were essentially unrelated to preterm birth, birth weight, or length of gestation. An association of PCBs with small-for-gestational-age birth was observed, but the results were inconclusive and occurred in the absence of an overall decrease in birth weight. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Constella Grp Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM longnecker@niehs.nih.gov OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 41 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000172137.45662.85 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200008 PM 16135940 ER PT J AU Link, MW Mokdad, AH AF Link, MW Mokdad, AH TI Alternative modes for health surveillance surveys: An experiment with web, mail and telephone SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: Web and mail surveys as complements to telephone surveys may help resolve concerns about declining participation in telephone surveys for public health surveillance. Little is known, however, about how responses obtained in Web surveys compare with those from mail or telephone surveys. Methods: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2003 core interview was conducted in 3 survey modes: Web (n = 1143), mail (n = 836), and telephone (n = 2072). All 3 samples were drawn randomly. We compared respondent demographics and responses to 8 key questions on health conditions and risk behaviors (including asthma, diabetes, obesity, and HIV testing) across the 3 survey modes. Results: Demographic characteristics of mail and Web respondents varied considerably from those interviewed by telephone. The unadjusted prevalence of outcomes varied by survey mode. After adjustment for respondent demographic characteristics, there were still differences among survey modes in several of the health conditions and risk behaviors, although for some of these, the pattern was different for the unadjusted and adjusted results. Conclusions: As health surveys take advantage of new technologies and moved towards mixed-mode designs, researchers need to test for and, if necessary, account for the effect of mode in the estimates they produce. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Link, MW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MLink@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP 701 EP 704 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000172138.67080.7f PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200018 PM 16135951 ER PT J AU Balluz, L Okoro, C Strine, T AF Balluz, L Okoro, C Strine, T TI Access to health-care and preventive services among Hispanics and non-Hispanics - United States, 2001-2002 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S18 EP S19 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00028 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200027 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Weihe, P Davis, MD Needham, LL Grandjean, P AF Barr, DB Weihe, P Davis, MD Needham, LL Grandjean, P TI Serum polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine insecticide concentrations in a Faroese birth cohort SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Faroese Hlth Care Syst, Torshavn, Faroe Isl, Denmark. Univ So Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, Odense, Denmark. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S94 EP S94 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00234 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200233 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Fenster, L Barr, DB Anderson, M Weltzien, E Schwartz, J Calderon, N Holland, N Eskenazi, B AF Bradman, A Fenster, L Barr, DB Anderson, M Weltzien, E Schwartz, J Calderon, N Holland, N Eskenazi, B TI DDT and DDE levels in a cohort of pregnant Mexican-American women living in an agricultural area in California SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Impact Assessment Inc, Emeryville, CA USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S103 EP S103 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00255 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200254 ER PT J AU De Roos, AJ Hartge, P Lubin, J Colt, JS Davis, S Cerhan, JR Severson, RK Cozen, W Needham, LL Rothman, N AF De Roos, AJ Hartge, P Lubin, J Colt, JS Davis, S Cerhan, JR Severson, RK Cozen, W Needham, LL Rothman, N TI Persistent organochlorines in plasma and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NCI, Dept Hlth & Human Sci, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S52 EP S52 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00122 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200121 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Marks, AR Fenster, L Bradman, A Rodriguez, ME Barr, DB Jewell, NP AF Eskenazi, B Marks, AR Fenster, L Bradman, A Rodriguez, ME Barr, DB Jewell, NP TI In utero DDT and DDE exposure and neurodevelopment in children of farmworkers SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S101 EP S101 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00251 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200250 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Warner, M Samuels, S Needham, LL Patterson, DG Olive, DO Vercellini, P Gerthoux, PM Mocarelli, P AF Eskenazi, B Warner, M Samuels, S Needham, LL Patterson, DG Olive, DO Vercellini, P Gerthoux, PM Mocarelli, P TI Seveso Women's Health Study: A study of TCDD and reproductive health in a female cohort SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Milan, Mangiagalli Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Univ Milano Bicocca, Hosp Desio, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Desio, Italy. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Vercellini, Paolo/K-5295-2016 OI Vercellini, Paolo/0000-0003-4195-0996 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S96 EP S96 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00239 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200238 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Warner, M Samuels, S Young, J Jewell, N Gerthoux, PM Needham, LL Patterson, DG Castorina, R Olive, DO Vercellini, P Mocarelli, P AF Eskenazi, B Warner, M Samuels, S Young, J Jewell, N Gerthoux, PM Needham, LL Patterson, DG Castorina, R Olive, DO Vercellini, P Mocarelli, P TI Serum dioxin concentrations and risk of uterine fibroids SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med, Hosp Desio, Dept Lab Med, Desio, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Milan, Mangiagalli Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, I-20122 Milan, Italy. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Vercellini, Paolo/K-5295-2016 OI Vercellini, Paolo/0000-0003-4195-0996 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S35 EP S35 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00076 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200075 ER PT J AU Fenster, L Eskenazi, B Anderson, M Bradman, A Hubbard, A Harley, K Vargas, G Barr, D AF Fenster, L Eskenazi, B Anderson, M Bradman, A Hubbard, A Harley, K Vargas, G Barr, D TI Association of in utero organochlorine pesticide exposure and fetal growth and length of gestation in an agricultural population SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Impact Assessment Inc, Emeryville, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S102 EP S102 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00253 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200252 ER PT J AU Jedrychowski, W Perera, F Jankowski, J Rauh, V Flak, E Caldwell, KL Jones, RL Penar, A Lisowska-Miszczyk, I Kaim, I AF Jedrychowski, W Perera, F Jankowski, J Rauh, V Flak, E Caldwell, KL Jones, RL Penar, A Lisowska-Miszczyk, I Kaim, I TI Maternal mercury levels are related to neurocognitive development at age 6 months SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Chair Epidemiol & Prevent Med, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Neonatol Clin, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Chair Obstet & Gynaecol, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland. RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S39 EP S39 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00086 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200085 ER PT J AU Lambert, GH Needham, LI Turner, W Lai, TJ Guo, YL AF Lambert, GH Needham, LI Turner, W Lai, TJ Guo, YL TI Induced CYP1A2 activity as a phenotypic biomarker in humans exposed to PCBs/PCDF SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Ctr Child & Reprod Environm Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Chung Shan Med & Dent Sch, Dept Psychiat, Taichung, Taiwan. Natl Chung Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Tainan, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S154 EP S155 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00397 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200396 ER PT J AU Mendola, P Correa, A AF Mendola, P Correa, A CA NCS Interagcy Coordinating Comm TI The National Children's Study: Beginning the implementation of a national-probability sample SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S98 EP S98 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00244 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200243 ER PT J AU Perreault, SD Buus, RM Olshan, A Jeffay, SC Strader, LF AF Perreault, SD Buus, RM Olshan, A Jeffay, SC Strader, LF TI Home-based collection of biological measurements and specimens from men SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S107 EP S107 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00266 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200265 ER PT J AU Teitelbaum, SL Calafat, AM Britton, JA Silva, MJ Ye, X Kuklenyik, Z Reidy, JA Brenner, BL Galvez, MP Wolff, MS AF Teitelbaum, SL Calafat, AM Britton, JA Silva, MJ Ye, X Kuklenyik, Z Reidy, JA Brenner, BL Galvez, MP Wolff, MS TI Temporal variability in urinary phthalate metabolites, phenols and phytoestrogens among children SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S41 EP S41 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00092 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200091 ER PT J AU Thompson, L Bruce, N Diaz, A Arana, B Klein, R Jenny, A Smith, KR AF Thompson, L Bruce, N Diaz, A Arana, B Klein, R Jenny, A Smith, KR TI Low birth weight in rural Guatemala: Indoor air pollution as a contributing factor SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Publ Hlth, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Valle Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S100 EP S101 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00249 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200248 ER PT J AU Warner, M Eskenazi, B Olive, DO Samuels, S Needham, LL Patterson, DG Miles, SQ Vercellini, P Gerthoux, PM Mocarelli, P AF Warner, M Eskenazi, B Olive, DO Samuels, S Needham, LL Patterson, DG Miles, SQ Vercellini, P Gerthoux, PM Mocarelli, P TI Serum dioxin concentrations and quality of ovarian function SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med, Hosp Desio, Dept Lab Med, Desio, Italy. Univ Milan, Mangiagalli Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, I-20122 Milan, Italy. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Vercellini, Paolo/K-5295-2016 OI Vercellini, Paolo/0000-0003-4195-0996 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S95 EP S96 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00238 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200237 ER PT J AU Weyer, K Parsons, S Jensen, P Nardell, E Roberts, L First, M Wells, C AF Weyer, K Parsons, S Jensen, P Nardell, E Roberts, L First, M Wells, C TI Airborne Infection Research (AIR) Facility: Transmission dynamics of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and evidence-based policies for environmental control SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 MRC, Pretoria, South Africa. CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S156 EP S156 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00400 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200399 ER PT J AU Schulz, KF AF Schulz, KF TI Assessing allocation concealment and blinding in randomised controlled trials: why bother? SO EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE horse; clinical evidence; randomsied controlled trials; allocation; blinding ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE; QUALITY; BIAS; GYNECOLOGY; OBSTETRICS AB This series includes articles and commentary addressing issues relating to the design and execution of clinical research studies and the implementation of their conclusion in clinical practice. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold and are becoming standard for estimation of treatment effects increasingly commonplace in veterinary medicine. The following article, reproduced from Evidence Based Medicine (Vol 5, March/April 2000, pp 36-37), discusses the importance of case allocation and blinding in reducing bias in randomised controlled trials and highlights the need for transparent reporting. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schulz, KF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL LTD PI NEWMARKET PA GRASEBY HOUSE, ENXING ROAD, NEWMARKET CB8 0AU, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0425-1644 J9 EQUINE VET J JI Equine Vet. J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 5 BP 394 EP 395 DI 10.2746/042516405774479979 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 962IK UT WOS:000231724600003 PM 16163939 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Shepard, D Giles, WH Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB AF Brown, DW Shepard, D Giles, WH Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB TI Racial differences in the use of aspirin: An important tool for preventing heart disease and stroke SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE African Americans; aspirin; cardiovascular; disease; cross sectional; Hispanic ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CARE; VALIDITY; PATTERNS; PROJECT; WHITES; ADULTS; HEALTH AB Background: Regular aspirin use, particularly as secondary prevention, reduces morbidity from heart disease and stroke. Few studies have examined racial/ethnic differences in aspirin use for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Data from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n=2,514 African Americans; n=865 Hispanics; n=28,038 Whites) were used to assess racial/ethnic differences in aspirin use. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine whether the likelihood of aspirin use differs by race/ ethnicity after accounting for sociodemographic and CVD risk factors. Results: Regular aspirin use was associated with increasing age, male gender, lower educational attainment, hypertension, diabetes, overweight, and histories of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Aspirin use was lower among African Americans and Hispanics than Whites (28.6% and 28.7% vs 37.1%, respectively). After adjustment for sociodemographic and CVD risk factors, African Americans and Hispanics were 30%-40% less likely than Whites (OR=0.6, 95% CI=0.5, 0.7, African Americans; OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.5, 1.0, Hispanics) to take aspirin. Although aspirin use was higher among those with CVD (73.6% African Americans, 73.6% Hispanics, and 82.7% Whites), after multivariable adjustment, African Americans and Hispanics with CVD remained 30% to 50% less likely to use aspirin than Whites (OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.4, 1.2, African Americans; OR=0.5, 95% CI=0.2, 1.1, Hispanics). Conclusions: African Americans and Hispanics are less likely to take aspirin than their White counterparts. Differences in sociodemographic characteristics and CVD risk factors do not account for lower aspirin use among racial/ ethnic minorities. Additional studies should examine methods to increase aspirin use in these populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Morehouse Coll, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Giles, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hwg0@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 620 EP 626 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 975SR UT WOS:000232682700013 PM 16259485 ER PT J AU Fuqua, SR Wyatt, SB Andrew, ME Sarpong, DF Henderson, FR Cunningham, MF Taylor, HA AF Fuqua, SR Wyatt, SB Andrew, ME Sarpong, DF Henderson, FR Cunningham, MF Taylor, HA TI Recruiting African-American research participation in the Jackson Heart Study: Methods, response rates, and sample description SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE African Americans; cardiovascular disease; Jackson Heart Study; longitudinal study; recruitment ID MINORITY RECRUITMENT; TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS; COMMUNITY; HEALTH; RETENTION; COHORT; TRUST AB Objective: The sampling and recruitment methods, response rate, and cohort description for the all-African-American Jackson Heart Study (JHS) are detailed. Methods: Four subsamples of participants residing in the Jackson, Mississippi metropolitan statistical area (MSA) were included: random, volunteer, ARIC (continuing from Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study), and family. A community-driven recruitment model was developed, and community representatives guided recruitment. Results: 96% (n=5,302) of target enrollment was achieved with diversity in sex, education, and income. The JHS cohort provides a sample of African-American adults for longitudinal investigation. Discussion: Cohort recruitment was challenging. The JHS experiences provide useful lessons for observational epidemiological studies recruiting African-American research participation. Co-participation of researchers and researched in study design and realistic evidence of community benefit were crucial to recruitment success. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Sch Nursing, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Examinat Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Jackson State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. Jackson State Univ, Coordinating Ctr, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. Jackson Heart Study, Council Elders, Jackson, MS USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wyatt, SB (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Sch Med, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM swyatt@son.umsmed.edu NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 SU 6 BP S18 EP S29 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 986HG UT WOS:000233440100003 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, B Gerner-Smidt, P Barrett, T AF Swaminathan, B Gerner-Smidt, P Barrett, T TI Foodborne disease trends and reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swaminathan, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 190 EP 191 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.190 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RT UT WOS:000238251900002 PM 16156699 ER PT J AU Limburg, PJ Wei, WQ Ahnen, DJ Qiao, YL Hawk, ET Wang, GQ Giffen, CA Wang, GQ Roth, MJ Lu, N Korn, EL Ma, YR Caldwell, KL Dong, ZW Taylor, PR Dawsey, SM AF Limburg, PJ Wei, WQ Ahnen, DJ Qiao, YL Hawk, ET Wang, GQ Giffen, CA Wang, GQ Roth, MJ Lu, N Korn, EL Ma, YR Caldwell, KL Dong, ZW Taylor, PR Dawsey, SM TI Randomized, placebo-controlled, esophageal squamous cell cancer chemoprevention trial of selenomethionine and celecoxib SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; VITAMIN MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION; NUTRITION INTERVENTION TRIALS; PREVENT COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; DISEASE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; SERUM SELENIUM LEVELS; GENERAL-POPULATION; UNITED-STATES; UP-REGULATION; ASPIRIN USE AB Background & Aims: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Squamous dysplasia, the accepted histological precursor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, represents a potentially modifiable intermediate end point for chemoprevention trials in high-risk populations. Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of selenomethionine 200 mu g daily and/or celecoxib 200 mg twice daily (2 x 2 factorial design) among residents of Linxian, People's Republic of China. Subjects had histologically confirmed mild or moderate esophageal squamous dysplasia at baseline. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed before and after a 10-month intervention. Per-subject change (regression, stable, or progression) in the worst dysplasia grade was defined as the primary end point. Results were compared by agent group (selenomethionine vs placebo; celecoxib vs placebo). Results: Two hundred sixty-seven subjects fulfilled all eligibility criteria, and 238 (89%) completed the trial. Overall, selenomethionine resulted in a trend toward increased dysplasia regression (43% vs 32%) and decreased dysplasia progression (14% vs -19%) compared with no selenomethionine (P =.08). In unplanned stratified analyses, selenomethionine favorably affected a change in dysplasia grade among :115 subjects with mild esophageal squamous dysplasia at baseline (P =.02), but not among 123 subjects with moderate esophageal squamous dysplasia at baseline (P = 1.00). Celecoxib status did not influence changes in dysplasia grade overall (P =.78) or by baseline histology subgroup. Conclusions: After a 10-month intervention, neither selenomethionine nor celecoxib inhibited esophageal squamous carcinogenesis for all high-risk subjects. However, among subjects with mild esophageal squamous dysplasia at baseline, selenomethionine did have a protective effect. Although it is based on unplanned stratified analyses, this finding is the first report of a possible beneficial effect for any candidate esophageal squamous cell carcinoma chemopreventive agent in a randomized controlled trial. C1 Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Canc, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. Dalian Med Coll, Dalian, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Limburg, PJ (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM limburg.paul@mayo.edu RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; Qiao, You-Lin/B-4139-2012 OI Qiao, You-Lin/0000-0001-6380-0871 FU CCR NIH HHS [N01-RC-91019]; NCI NIH HHS [K07-CA-92216] NR 45 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 129 IS 3 BP 863 EP 873 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.024 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 963PO UT WOS:000231816500014 PM 16143126 ER PT J AU Philipp, CS Miller, CH Faiz, A Dilley, A Michaels, LA Ayers, C Bachmann, G Dowling, N Saidi, P AF Philipp, CS Miller, CH Faiz, A Dilley, A Michaels, LA Ayers, C Bachmann, G Dowling, N Saidi, P TI Screening women with menorrhagia for underlying bleeding disorders: the utility of the platelet function analyser and bleeding time SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE bleeding time; menorrhagia; platelet dysfunction; platelet function analyser; von Willebrand's disease ID VON-WILLEBRAND-DISEASE; MENSTRUAL BLOOD-LOSS; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; PICTORIAL CHART; PFA-100; SYSTEM; DIAGNOSIS; DEFECTS AB Menorrhagia is a very common clinical problem among women of reproductive age and recent studies have suggested that underlying bleeding disorders, particularly von Willebrand's deficiency and platelet function defects, are prevalent in women presenting with menorrhagia. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of the platelet function analyser (PFA-100) and bleeding time (BT) as initial screening tests for underlying bleeding disorders in women with menorrhagia. In this study, 81 women with a physician diagnosis of menorrhagia underwent PFA-100 testing, BT and comprehensive haemostatic testing. The effectiveness of the PFA-100 and BT as screening tools in women with menorrhagia was assessed using results of haemostatic testing for von Willebrand's disease (VWD) and platelet dysfunction. In women presenting with menorrhagia, the PFA-100 had a sensitivity 80%, specificity 89%, positive predictive value (PPV) 33%, negative predictive value (NPV) 98% and efficiency 88% for VWD. For platelet aggregation defects, the PFA-100 closure time had a sensitivity 23%, specificity 92%, PPV of 75%, NPV of 52% and efficiency 55%. The data suggest that the PFA-100 may be useful in stratifying women with menorrhagia for further von Willebrand testing; however, neither the PFA-100 nor the BT tests are effective for purposes of classifying women for standard platelet aggregometry testing in women presenting with menorrhagia. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Hematol, Dept Med, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Birth Defects, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pediat, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Philipp, CS (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Hematol, Dept Med, MEB Rm 378, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM philipp@umdnj.edu OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2005.01129.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 959GY UT WOS:000231507400011 PM 16128894 ER PT J AU Kirtava, A Soucie, M Evatt, B Mdivinishvili, M Abashidze, M Iosava, G AF Kirtava, A Soucie, M Evatt, B Mdivinishvili, M Abashidze, M Iosava, G TI National haemophilia programme development in the Republic of Georgia SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE Georgia; hemophilia; Hemophilia Treatment Center; national program; Outreach; registry ID CARE AB After the dissolution of Soviet Union in 1991, haemophilia care in the Republic of Georgia was negatively affected because of the expense of treatment products, lack of clinical and diagnostic facilities, and the need for trained personnel throughout the country. In 2001, the Georgian Government, working through the Ministry of Health, in collaboration with Georgian Association of Haemophilia and Donors, the Institute of Haematology and Transfusion, and the World Federation of Haemophilia, initiated a National Haemophilia Programme. As part of this programme the first Georgian Haemophilia Treatment Centre (HTC) was established. In this paper, we will describe (i) our outreach efforts to identify patients with haemophilia (PWH), (ii) the diagnostic and clinical services provided to patients by the HTC, and (iii) the results of a patient survey designed to assess patient satisfaction with the care provided. Total of 216 PWH were diagnosed, mean age was 25 years (range 4 months to 75 years); 43% had severe, 33% had moderate and 24% had mild haemophilia A or B. Overall, 183 (85%) had haemophilia A and 33 (15%) had haemophilia B, giving a ratio of 5.6. During the 2-year period, 77% of the expected number of PWH was identified by our outreach programme. Vast majority had comprehensive evaluation including joint assessment and over 60% were tested for blood-borne infections within a year and half period. Our findings showed that haemophilia care was considerably improved since the beginning of the National Haemophilia Programme and the survey of PWH showed a high degree of satisfaction with services provided in the HTC. In conclusion, close collaboration of the government, non-government entities and medical professionals in a Georgian national haemophilia care model; resulted in the successful delivery of the much needed services and care to the people living in Georgia with haemophilia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHBD, NCBDD, Atlanta, GA USA. Hemophilia Treatment Ctr, Inst Hematol & Transfus, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. RP Kirtava, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHBD, NCBDD, Atlanta, GA USA. EM akirtava@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2005.01127.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 959GY UT WOS:000231507400015 PM 16128898 ER PT J AU Hunter, S Weiss, S Ou, CY Jaye, D Young, A Wilcox, J Arbiser, JL Monson, D Goldblum, J Nolen, JD Varma, V AF Hunter, S Weiss, S Ou, CY Jaye, D Young, A Wilcox, J Arbiser, JL Monson, D Goldblum, J Nolen, JD Varma, V TI Apolipoprotein D is down-regulated during malignant transformation of neurofibromas SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein D; in situ hybridization; immunohistochemistry; neurofibroma; malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor; RT-PCR ID NERVE SHEATH TUMORS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; PERIPHERAL-NERVE; GROWTH ARREST; PREMATURE SENESCENCE; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; MESSENGER-RNA; ONCOGENIC RAS; D SECRETION AB Apolipoprotein D (apoD) expression was studied in nonneoplastic peripheral nerve, neurofibromas (NFs), and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction for messenger RNA was performed on a series of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens that included 9 MPNSTs, 12 NFs, and 4 normal peripheral nerves. The average apoD expression was 108-fold decreased (Delta Ct=-7.3) in the MPNSTs compared with the NFs (P<.05). ApoD expression levels were 3.0-fold elevated (Delta Ct = 1.7) in the NFs compared with nonneoplastic peripheral nerve (P<.05). In situ hybridization for apoD RNA was performed on a separate series of 10 cases in which each microscopic section included both MPNST and the NF from which it arose. These studies confirmed elevated apoD expression in NFs compared with MPNSTs and demonstrated that this expression was variable among individual cells within the NFs. Differential expression by immunohistochemistry could only be demonstrated in selected areas, most likely because apoD protein is a small molecule that is secreted out of the cell into the extracellular space and plasma. ApoD expression initially increases a small amount with the formation of NFs from nonneoplastic peripheral nerve and subsequently decreases markedly as NFs transform into MPNSTs. This expression pattern may serve as a marker for cell cycle inhibition during peripheral nerve tumorigenesis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Hunter, S (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM stephen_hunter@emory.org NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 9 BP 987 EP 993 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2005.06.018 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 966ZH UT WOS:000232060800008 PM 16153462 ER PT J AU Hvidtjorn, D Grove, J Schendel, D Vaeth, M Ernst, E Nielsen, L Thorsen, P AF Hvidtjorn, D Grove, J Schendel, D Vaeth, M Ernst, E Nielsen, L Thorsen, P TI Short communication: 'Vanishing embryo syndrome' in IVF/ICSI SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE cerebral palsy; IVF; vanishing embryo syndrome ID TWIN AB BACKGROUND: In a Danish population-based cohort study assessing the risk of cerebral palsy in children born after IVF, we made some interesting observations regarding 'vanishing co-embryos'. METHODS and RESULTS: All live-born children born in Denmark from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2000 were included in this analysis. The children conceived by IVF/ICSI (9444) were identified through the IVF Register, the children conceived without IVF/ICSI (395 025) were identified through The Danish Medical Birth Register. Main outcome measure was the incidence of cerebral palsy. Within the IVF/ICSI children we found indications of an increased risk of cerebral palsy in those children resulting from pregnancies, where the number of embryos transferred was higher than the number of children born. CONCLUSIONS: The association between vanishing embryo syndrome and incidence of cerebral palsy following IVF requires further investigation in larger, adequately powered, studies. C1 Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, NANEA, Dept Epidemiol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Natl Ctr Birth Defect & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Aarhus, Denmark. Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Fertil Sect, Aarhus, Denmark. RP Hvidtjorn, D (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, NANEA, Dept Epidemiol, Vej 17, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. EM dh@soci.au.dk NR 4 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 9 BP 2550 EP 2551 DI 10.1093/humrep/dei092 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 957IF UT WOS:000231362800030 PM 15890728 ER PT J AU Monath, TP Cetron, MS McCarthy, K Nichols, R Archambault, WT Weld, L Bedford, P AF Monath, Thomas P. Cetron, Martin S. McCarthy, Karen Nichols, Richard Archambault, W. Tad Weld, Leisa Bedford, Philip TI Yellow Fever 17D Vaccine Safety and Immunogenicity in the Elderly SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE yellow fever 17D vaccine; elderly; adverse events; immunogenicity AB The incidence of serious and severe multisystem adverse events (AEs) following yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine is higher in persons of advanced age. One hypothesis for the occurrence of these AEs in the elderly is immunological senescence and a reduced ability to clear the vaccine virus infection. We determined age-specific rates of serious and nonserious AEs in two large clinical trials of two YF 17D vaccines from different manufacturers. In addition, we analyzed AEs reported in a large general practice data base in the United Kingdom. Neutralizing antibody responses were compared in young and elderly subjects. In the clinical trials, involving a total of 4,532 subjects, there were no neurological and viscerotropic AEs; interestingly, the incidence of common injection site and systemic AEs was significantly lower in elderly than in younger subjects. The neutralizing antibody categorical and quantitative responses were equivalent across younger and elderly subjects. In contrast, the larger retrospective analysis of 43,555 persons receiving YF 17D in the UK general practice database revealed a higher incidence of significant neurologic and multisystem AEs with advancing age. The age-specific reporting rate ratio (RRR) was approximately twice that in the 25-44 year-old reference group for subjects in the 45-64 year age group (RRR 1.82; 95% CI 0.88,3.77) and 3-fold higher for the 65-74 year-old age group (RRR 2.82; 95% CI 0.81, 9.81). These results are consistent with previous reports on YF vaccine safety in the US (Martin M, et al. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 6: 945-51; Khromova et al., Vaccine 2005; 23: 3256-63). In elderly persons, YF 17D vaccine is associated with a higher frequency of significant AEs in the elderly but a lower incidence of common nonserious side-effects. The neutralizing antibody response, which is the mediator of protective immunity to YF, is not diminished in healthy, C1 [Monath, Thomas P.; McCarthy, Karen; Nichols, Richard; Bedford, Philip] Acambis, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Monath, Thomas P.; McCarthy, Karen; Nichols, Richard; Bedford, Philip] Acambis, Cambridge, England. [Cetron, Martin S.; Weld, Leisa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. [Archambault, W. Tad] Virtu Stat Ltd, N Wales, PA USA. RP Monath, TP (reprint author), Acambis, 38 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM tom.monath@acambis.com NR 25 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 1 IS 5 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.4161/hv.1.5.2221 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA V19ZV UT WOS:000208111200007 PM 17012867 ER PT J AU Williamson, ED Hodgson, I Walker, NJ Topping, AW Duchars, MG Mott, JM Estep, J LeButt, C Flick-Smith, HC Jones, HE Li, H Quinn, CP AF Williamson, ED Hodgson, I Walker, NJ Topping, AW Duchars, MG Mott, JM Estep, J LeButt, C Flick-Smith, HC Jones, HE Li, H Quinn, CP TI Immunogenicity of recombinant protective antigen and efficacy against aerosol challenge with anthrax SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G SUBCLASSES; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; INHALATION ANTHRAX; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RHESUS MACAQUES; VACCINE; TOXIN; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; ADJUVANTS AB Immunization with a recombinant form of the protective antigen (rPA) from Bacillus anthracis has been carried out with rhesus macaques. Rhesus macaques immunized with 25 mu g or more of B. subtilis-expressed rPA bound to alhydrogel had a significantly increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to rPA compared with macaques receiving the existing licensed vaccine from the United Kingdom (anthrax vaccine precipitated [AVP]), although the isotype profile was unchanged, with bias towards the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses. Immune macaque sera from all immunized groups contained toxin-neutralizing antibody and recognized all the domains of PA. While the recognition of the N terminus of PA (domains 1 to 3) was predominant in macaques immunized with the existing vaccines (AVP and the U.S. vaccine anthrax vaccine adsorbed), macaques immunized with rPA recognized the N- and C-terminal domains of PA. Antiserum derived from immunized macaques protected macrophages in vitro against the cytotoxic effects of lethal toxin. Passive transfer of IgG purified from immune macaque serum into naive A/J mice conferred protection against challenge with B. anthracis in a dose-related manner. The protection conferred by passive transfer of 500 jig macaque IgG correlated significantly (P = 0.003; r = 0.4) with the titers of neutralizing antibody in donor macaques. Subsequently, a separate group of rhesus macaques immunized with 50 mu g of Escherichia coli-derived rPA adsorbed to alhydrogel was fully protected against a target dose of 200 50% lethal doses of aerosolized B. anthracis. These data provide some preliminary evidence for the existence of immune correlates of protection against anthrax infection in rhesus macaques immunized with rPA. C1 Def Sci & Technol Lab, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. Avecia Biotechnol, Billingham TS23 1YN, Cleveland, England. Battelle Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Williamson, ED (reprint author), Def Sci & Technol Lab, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. EM dewilliamson@dstl.gov.uk RI chen, xuanlan/H-4158-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI25492] NR 31 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 73 IS 9 BP 5978 EP 5987 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.9.5978-5987.2005 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 958PK UT WOS:000231460000075 PM 16113318 ER PT J AU Samandari, T Malakmadze, N Balter, S Perz, JF Khristova, M Swetnam, L Bornschlegel, K Phillips, MS Poshni, IA Nautiyal, P Nainan, OV Bell, BR Williams, IT AF Samandari, T Malakmadze, N Balter, S Perz, JF Khristova, M Swetnam, L Bornschlegel, K Phillips, MS Poshni, IA Nautiyal, P Nainan, OV Bell, BR Williams, IT TI A large outbreak of hepatitis B virus infections associated with frequent injections at a physician's office SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMODIALYSIS UNIT; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; TRANSMISSION; HEALTH; STATES AB OBJECTIVES: To determine whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission occurred among patients visiting a physician's office and to evaluate potential transmission mechanisms. DESIGN: Serologic survey, retrospective cohort study, and observation of infection control practices. SETTING: Private medical office. PATIENTS: Those visiting the office between March 1 and December 26, 2001. RESULTS: We identified 38 patients with acute HBV infection occurring between February 2000 and February 2002. The cohort study, limited to the 10 months before outbreak detection, included 91 patients with serologic test results and available charts representing 18 case-patients and 73 susceptible patients. Overall, 67 patients (74%) received at least one injection during the observation period. Case-patients received a median of 14 injections (range, 2-25) versus 2 injections (range, 0-17) for susceptible patients (P < .001). Acute infections occurred among 18 (27%) of 67 who received at least one injection versus none of 24 who received no injections (RR, 13.6; CI95, 2.4-undefined). Risk of infection increased 5.2-fold (CI95, 0.6-47.3) for those with 3 to 6 injections and 20.0-fold (CI95, 2.8-143.5) for those with more than 6 injections. Typically, injections consisted of doses of atropine, dexamethasone, vitamin B12, or a combination of these mixed in one syringe. HBV DNA genetic sequences of 24 patients with acute infection and 4 patients with chronic infection were identical in the 1,500-bp region examined. Medical staff were seronegative for HBV infection markers. The same surface was used for storing multidose vials, preparing injections, and dismantling used injection equipment. CONCLUSION: Administration of unnecessary injections combined with failure to separate clean from contaminated areas and follow safe injection practices likely resulted in patient-to-patient HBV transmission in a private physician's office. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. RP Williams, IT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, MS G-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM iwilliams@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 26 IS 9 BP 745 EP 750 DI 10.1086/502612 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 970VE UT WOS:000232338900002 PM 16209380 ER PT J AU Speizer, IS Whittle, L Carter, M AF Speizer, IS Whittle, L Carter, M TI Gender relations and reproductive decision making in Honduras SO INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID HUSBANDS; COUNTRIES; FERTILITY; COUPLES; WIVES AB CONTEXT. Gender differences influence decision making about reproductive health. Most information on reproductive health decision making in Latin America has come from women's reports of men's involvement. METHODS: Data were collected in Honduras in 2001 through two national surveys that used independent samples of men aged 15-59 years and women aged 15-49. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with male-centered decision-making attitudes and behaviors regarding family size and family planning use. RESULTS. Overall, 25% of women and 28% of men said that men alone should be responsible for at least one of these reproductive decisions, and 27% of women and 21% of men said that the man in their household made one or both decisions. For women, having no children and being in a consensual union were each associated with holding male-centered decision-making attitudes, having less than a secondary education, being of medium or low socioeconomic status and living in a rural area were each associated with male-centered decision making. Among men, having less than secondary education and being in a consensual union were each associated with male-centered decision-making attitudes and behavior. Women who had ever used or were currently using modem methods were significantly less likely to hold attitudes supporting male-centered decision-making than were those who relied on traditional methods and those who had never used a modem method. CONCLUSIONS. Programs should recognize power imbalances between genders that affect women's ability to meet their stated fertility desires. In rural areas, programs should target men, encouraging them to communicate with their wives on reproductive decisions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. EM ilene_speizer@unc.edu NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0190-3187 J9 INT FAM PLAN PERSPEC JI Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 31 IS 3 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1363/3113105 PG 9 WC Demography; Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 999DI UT WOS:000234368500005 PM 16263530 ER PT J AU Sherry, B AF Sherry, B TI Food behaviors and other strategies to prevent and treat pediatric overweight SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop of the European-Childhood-Obesity-Group CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Childhood Obes Grp ID BODY-MASS INDEX; SOFT DRINK CONSUMPTION; INCOME PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; ENERGY-INTAKE; BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION AB OBJECTIVE: To summarize the evidence for the following six strategies to prevent or treat overweight among children: promoting breastfeeding, promoting physical activity, reducing TV/video viewing, increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, reducing sugar-sweetened drink consumption, and reducing portion sizes. METHODS: Summarization of the relevant literature including review articles, relevant newly published work, the Institute of Medicine's Report on Preventing Childhood Obesity and the Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity, 2001. This is not a comprehensive review. RESULTS: Evidence for the association between each strategy and overweight varies. For breastfeeding, physical activity, and TV viewing, there are large review studies. Breastfed children may have a small reduction in risk for overweight. Participation in physical activity may reduce the risk of overweight among school-aged children and adolescents. For preschool- and school-aged children, reducing TV viewing time may reduce their risk of overweight, but most studies report small significant associations. Evidence for an association between each dietary factor and overweight is limited and inconclusive. The biggest gaps in evidence are for the effectiveness of interventions using these strategies. The reviewed interventions based on increasing physical activity (n = 7) were effective. Two randomized trials suggest that reducing TV viewing reduces overweight. No intervention studies were found that examined the effectiveness of changing fruit and vegetable consumption, sugar-sweetened drink consumption, or portion sizes. Further clarification of the effect of breastfeeding on obesity is needed. CONCLUSIONS: These six strategies are reasonable ways to attempt prevention or treatment of overweight in children. Strength of the evidence varies by strategy. The key finding is that more applied research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these and other strategies. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sherry, B (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Mail Stop K-25,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bsherry@cdc.gov RI Vollrath, Margarete/G-1297-2011 NR 122 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 29 SU 2 BP S116 EP S126 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803078 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 979OD UT WOS:000232953800022 PM 16385763 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, PI Clevenbergh, P Dlodlo, RA AF Fujiwara, PI Clevenbergh, P Dlodlo, RA TI Management of adults living with HIV/AIDS in low-income, high-burden settings, with special reference to persons with tuberculosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; HIV infection; management; HIV/AIDS; antiretroviral therapy ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTIONS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; NAIVE PATIENTS; RISK-FACTORS; RIFAMPICIN; AFRICA; APPEARANCE; NEVIRAPINE AB Because of the increasing availability of antiretroviral (ARV) agents for HIV in low-income countries, many clinicians now need training on their use. This is especially true for clinicians caring for individuals with tuberculosis (TB), given its close relationship with HIV/AIDS. This article summarizes the key decisions facing clinicians who manage HIV-infected persons, with particular reference to issues regarding those dually infected with TB. Health care provider-initiated diagnostic testing using rapid HIV tests should be offered to all individuals with symptoms and signs suggesting HIV infection, including all persons with TB. Issues to be included in pre- and post-test counseling sessions are discussed. HIV-infected patients should be evaluated to determine clinical staging of HIV; certain laboratory examinations should ideally be performed to assess the degree of immunosuppression and to aid decisions about when best to start ARV therapy and preventive therapies. The recommended ARV regimens and guidance on proposed patient follow-up are presented. Good adherence to ARVs is required and factors that induce and reinforce compliance are suggested. The treatment of TB is a high priority, and follows the same principles whether the patient is HIV-infected or not. Suggestions are made about ARV use in patients with TB. A standardized and complementary information system should be developed to monitor management of HIV-TB patients and performance of joint TB and HIV care efforts. By diagnosing and managing additional HIV cases detected through the portal of the TB control programme, clinicians will contribute to diminishing the burden of HIV, and thus, TB. C1 Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Dept HIV, F-75006 Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hop Lariboisiere, Serv Med Malad Infect, F-75475 Paris, France. RP Fujiwara, PI (reprint author), Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Dept HIV, 68 Blvd St Michel, F-75006 Paris, France. EM pfujiwara@iuatld.org NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 9 IS 9 BP 946 EP 958 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 960QG UT WOS:000231607600003 PM 16158886 ER PT J AU Nelson, LJ Naik, Y Tsering, K Cegielski, JR AF Nelson, LJ Naik, Y Tsering, K Cegielski, JR TI Population-based risk factors for tuberculosis and adverse outcomes among Tibetan refugees in India, 1994-1996 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; refugees; Tibet; India ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; PREDICTORS; MORTALITY; RESISTANT; KENYA; DEATH AB SETTING: Tibetan refugees in India, 1994-1996. OBJECTIVE: To determine tuberculosis (TB) incidence, independent risk factors for TB, and predictors of adverse outcomes. DESIGN: Data from a house-to-house census/demographic survey were merged with TB patient data. Separate multivariable models for each birthplace were developed for outcomes of interest. RESULTS: From 1994 to 1996, 47491 Tibetans were surveyed and 1197 TB cases confirmed (incidence 835/ 100 000). Risk factors for TB in separate multivariable models differed by place of birth. Independent predictors of death for Tibet-born refugees included age >= 50 years, extra-pulmonary TB, and second-line therapy, while for India-born refugees they included second-line therapy and no improvement at the end of treatment. No significant risk factors for default were identified for Tibet-born refugees, while region of residence and the absence of a BCG scar were independent predictors among those born in India. Predictors of receipt of second-line therapy among Tibet-born refugees included region, years in camps, and prior TB, while among those born in India they were region, age >= 20 years, sputum-positive at diagnosis, and previous TB. CONCLUSIONS: TB incidence in Tibetan refugee settlements exceeds the highest national TB rates, and country of birth determines risk factors. TB control efforts in India should include this population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tibetan Govt Exile, Dept Hlth, Data Unit, Dharmshala, Himachal Prades, India. Tibetan Govt Exile, Dept Hlth, TB Unit, Dharmshala, Himachal Prades, India. RP Nelson, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lbn9@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1018 EP 1026 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 960QG UT WOS:000231607600013 PM 16158895 ER PT J AU Liddon, N Pulley, L Cockerham, WC Lueschen, G Vermund, SH Hook, EW AF Liddon, N Pulley, L Cockerham, WC Lueschen, G Vermund, SH Hook, EW TI Parents'/guardians' willingness to vaccinate their children against genital herpes SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE STD vaccines; HSV-2; parents ID SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-2; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-INFECTIONS; HEPATITIS-B; HSV TYPE-2; ADOLESCENTS; ATTITUDES; RISK; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; IMMUNIZATION; ACQUISITION AB Purpose: To describe parents' acceptance of a hypothetical herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) vaccine, attitudes toward vaccine legislation, beliefs regarding appropriate timing of vaccination and correlates of vaccine acceptance. Methods: A telephone survey of 315 parents/guardians in the Southeast United States. Descriptive statistics describe the sample's overall attitudes toward HSV-2 vaccination, vaccine legislation, and age preferences. A logistic regression model tested the correlates of intention to vaccinate their children against HSV-2. Results: A majority of parents (69%) said they would have their children vaccinated. Nearly one-third (29.3%) thought genital herpes vaccination should take place between the ages of 11 and 13 years. Logistic regression revealed that females, single parents, parents whose children had influenza shots, those with more favorable attitudes to vaccination in general, and those who believed sexually transmitted disease (STD) vaccines would be beneficial were more likely to state they would vaccinate their children. Conclusions: Overall, a large proportion of parents indicated they would accept HSV-2 vaccination for their children. These results help identify those parents who may or may not be open to vaccinating their children against HSV-2 and inform future interventions to encourage HSV-2 vaccination. This research highlights the need for interventions that differentially target those who would and would not be likely to support vaccination of their children. Results also indicate that many parents believe vaccination should be given after an age when many adolescents have initiated sexual activity. Interventions to promote STD vaccines should not only encourage vaccination, but should also seek to change parental attitudes about optimal timing of the vaccination. (c) 2005 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Publ Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Social & Behav Sci, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Liddon, N (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nliddon@cdc.gov OI Vermund, Sten/0000-0001-7289-8698 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.05.030 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 960JA UT WOS:000231585300003 PM 16109337 ER PT J AU Cassell, C Santelli, J Gilbert, BC Dalmat, M Mezoff, J Schauer, M AF Cassell, C Santelli, J Gilbert, BC Dalmat, M Mezoff, J Schauer, M TI Mobilizing communities: An overview of the Community Coalition Partnership Programs for the Prevention of Teen Pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Review DE coalitions; community capacity building; collaborations; public health; teen pregnancy prevention programs AB The Community Coalition Partnership Programs for the Prevention of Teen Pregnancy (CCPP) was a seven-year (1995-2002) demonstration program funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of Reproductive Health conducted in 13 U.S cities. The purpose of the CCPP was to demonstrate whether community partners could mobilize and organize community resources in support of comprehensive, effective, and sustainable programs for the prevention of initial and subsequent pregnancies. This article provides a descriptive overview of the program origins, intentions, and efforts over its planning and implementation phases, including specific program requirements, needs and assets assessments, intervention focus, CDC support for evaluation efforts, implementation challenges, and ideas for translation and dissemination. CDC hopes that the experiences gained from this effort lead to a greater understanding of how to mobilize community coalitions as an intervention to prevent teen pregnancy and address other public health needs. 2005 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Appl Sci Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Commun Educ & Behav Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cassell, C (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr, MSC11 6140, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ccassell@salud.unm.edu NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 SU S BP S3 EP S10 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.05.015 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 962ET UT WOS:000231714500002 PM 16115568 ER PT J AU Kegler, MC Williams, CW Cassell, CM Santelli, J Kegler, SR Montgomery, SB Bell, ML Martinez, YG Klein, JD Mulhall, P Will, JA Wyatt, VH Felice, TL Hunt, SC AF Kegler, MC Williams, CW Cassell, CM Santelli, J Kegler, SR Montgomery, SB Bell, ML Martinez, YG Klein, JD Mulhall, P Will, JA Wyatt, VH Felice, TL Hunt, SC TI Mobilizing communities for teen pregnancy prevention: Associations between coalition characteristics and perceived accomplishments SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE coalitions; community-based; community partnerships; teen pregnancy prevention; youth development ID HEALTH-PROMOTION; PARTNERSHIP SYNERGY; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; FIGHTING BACK; PARTICIPATION; PERSPECTIVE; DIMENSIONS; LEADERSHIP; FRAMEWORK; CAPACITY AB Purpose: To describe coalition membership, examine associations between coalition processes and short-term coalition outcomes, and assess the relative contribution of key coalition processes to perceived accomplishments in teen pregnancy prevention coalitions. Methods: A self-administered survey was distributed to active members of 21 teen pregnancy prevention coalitions in 13 communities. The overall response rate was 67%, with 471 surveys returned. Process measures included staff competence, member influence in decision making, and coalition functioning. Short-term outcome measures included perceived accomplishments, member satisfaction, member participation, and coalition viability. Results: About 50% of coalition members represented health or teen pregnancy prevention or youth development service organizations, with 13% participating primarily as residents or youth. None of the process measures were associated with coalition viability (defined as active 2 years post-survey). Many bivariate associations between coalition processes and other short-term outcomes were significant at the individual and coalition levels of analysis. In a multivariate random coefficients model, coalition functioning (p < .001) and member influence in decision making (p = .019) were significantly associated with perceived coalition accomplishments. Conclusion: Consistent with research on coalitions that have addressed other health issues, good coalition processes were associated with short-term indicators of effectiveness in these teen pregnancy prevention coalitions. Coalition processes were not associated with coalition viability 2 years post-survey, however, suggesting that other factors influence coalition survival. (c) 2005 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Louisiana Publ Hlth Inst, New Orleans, LA USA. Crit Pathways, Albuquerque, NM USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Appl Sci Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA USA. Loma Linda Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Loma Linda, CA USA. Bell Grp, Austin, TX USA. Orange Cty Hlth Dept, Off Minor Hlth, Ocoee, FL USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Govt & Publ Affairs, Ctr Prevent Res & Dev, Dept Community Hlth, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ N Florida, Ctr Community Initiat, Floida Ctr, Dept Sociol, Jacksonville, FL USA. Wyatt Grp Counseling & Consulting Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Family Hlth Council Inc, Dept Appl Res, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Missouri, Inst Human Dev, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Kegler, MC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mkegler@sph.emory.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U88/CCU/212367, U88/CCU/912375, U88/CCU/412369, U88/CCU/512403, U88/CCU/312381, U88/CCU/621043, U88/CCU/519486, U88/CCU/712388, U88/CCU/012384, U88/CCU/312355, U88/CCU/415272, U88/CCU/612534] NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 SU S BP S31 EP S41 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.05.011 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 962ET UT WOS:000231714500005 PM 16115569 ER PT J AU Ku, BK Maynard, AD AF Ku, BK Maynard, AD TI Comparing aerosol surface-area measurements of monodisperse ultrafine silver agglomerates by mobility analysis, transmission electron microscopy and diffusion charging SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerosol surface area; diffusion charging; silver agglomerates ID PARTICLES AB Three methods-scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and diffusion charging (DC)-for estimating aerosol surface area were evaluated and compared. The aerosol used was monodisperse silver particles, having morphologies that range from spherical to agglomerated particles, with corresponding fractal dimensions from 1.58 to 1.94. For monodisperse silver particle agglomerates smaller than 100 nm, the DC response was proportional to the mobility diameter squared, regardless of morphology. For particle sizes from 80 to 200 nm, the DC response varied as the mobility diameter to the power 1.5. The projected surface area of agglomerates analyzed by TEM agreed well with that estimated from particle mobility diameters for particles smaller than 100 nm. The surface area of monodisperse particles, measured by DC and SNIPS, was comparable to the geometric surface area below 100 nm, but in the size range of 100-200 nm, the methods used underestimated the geometric surface area. SNIPS, TEM, and DC-based measurements of surface area were in good agreement with one another for monodisperse aerosol particles smaller than 100 nm. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Maynard, AD (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-R3, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM amaynard@cdc.gov RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 24 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1108 EP 1124 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.12.003 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964QN UT WOS:000231895700003 ER PT J AU Hazlett, KRO Cox, DL Decaffmeyer, M Bennett, MP Desrosiers, DC La Vake, CJ La Vake, ME Bourell, KW Robinson, EJ Brasseur, R Radolf, JD AF Hazlett, KRO Cox, DL Decaffmeyer, M Bennett, MP Desrosiers, DC La Vake, CJ La Vake, ME Bourell, KW Robinson, EJ Brasseur, R Radolf, JD TI TP0453, a concealed outer membrane protein of Treponema pallidum, enhances membrane permeability SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BINDING PROTEIN; SUBSP PALLIDUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE; SYPHILIS SPIROCHETE; LIPID INTERACTIONS; OPSONIC ANTIBODY; GENOME SEQUENCE; TPRK GENE; INFECTION AB The outer membrane of Treponema pallidum, the noncultivable agent of venereal syphilis, contains a paucity of protein(s) which has yet to be definitively identified. In contrast, the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria contain abundant immunogenic membrane-spanning beta-barrel proteins mainly involved in nutrient transport. The absence of orthologs of gram-negative porins and outer membrane nutrient-specific transporters in the T. pallidum genome predicts that nutrient transport across the outer membrane must differ fundamentally in T. pallidum and gram-negative bacteria. Here we describe a T. pallidum outer membrane protein (TP0453) that, in contrast to all integral outer membrane proteins of known structure, lacks extensive beta-sheet structure and does not traverse the outer membrane to become surface exposed. TP0453 is a lipoprotein with an amphiphilic polypeptide containing multiple membrane-inserting, amphipathic alpha-helices. Insertion of the recombinant, nonlipidated protein into artificial membranes results in bilayer destabilization and enhanced permeability. Our findings lead us to hypothesize that TP0453 is a novel type of bacterial outer membrane protein which may render the T. pallidum outer membrane permeable to nutrients while remaining inaccessible to antibody. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD, Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. FSAGX, Ctr Biophys Mol Numer, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Hazlett, KRO (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. EM KHazlett@up.uchc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10573, AI-26756, F32 AI010573, R01 AI026756, R37 AI026756] NR 48 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 187 IS 18 BP 6499 EP 6508 DI 10.1128/JB.187.6499-6508.2005 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 965PR UT WOS:000231963200029 PM 16159783 ER PT J AU Looker, A Flegal, K Melton, LJ AF Looker, A Flegal, K Melton, LJ TI Impact of increasing overweight prevalence on the prevalence of osteoporosis in older US women. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 23-27, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 9 SU 1 BP S376 EP S376 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 987FM UT WOS:000233503805031 ER PT J AU Ballesteros, MF Jackson, ML Martin, MW AF Ballesteros, MF Jackson, ML Martin, MW TI Working toward the elimination of residential fire deaths: The Centers for disease control and prevention's smoke alarm installation and fire safety education (SAIFE) program SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID INJURIES; ALCOHOL AB To address residential fires and related injuries, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funds state health departments to deliver a Smoke Alarm Installation and Fire Safety Education (SAIFE) program in high-risk homes in 16 states. This program involves recruiting local communities and community partners, hiring a local coordinator, canvassing neighborhood homes, installing long-lasting lithium-powered smoke alarms, and providing general fire safety education and 6-month follow-up to determine alarm functionality. Local fire departments are vital community partners in delivering this program. Since the program's inception, more than 212,000 smoke alarms have been installed in more than 126,000 high-risk homes. Additionally, approximately 610 lives have potentially been saved as a result of a program alarm that provided early warning to a dangerous fire incident. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ballesteros, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0273-8481 J9 J BURN CARE REHABIL JI J. Burn Care Rehabil. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 26 IS 5 BP 434 EP 439 DI 10.1097/01.bcr.0000176966.94729.80 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery GA 965FZ UT WOS:000231937200009 PM 16151290 ER PT J AU Bressler, AM Williams, T Culler, EE Zhu, WM Lonsway, D Patel, JB Nolte, FS AF Bressler, AM Williams, T Culler, EE Zhu, WM Lonsway, D Patel, JB Nolte, FS TI Correlation of penicillin binding protein 2a detection with oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus penicillin binding aureus and discovery of a novel protein 2a mutation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; METHICILLIN RESISTANCE; RAPID DETECTION; MRSA-SCREEN; BACTEREMIA; ASSAY; KIT AB We compared a rapid slide latex agglutination test (LAT; Oxoid, Basingstoke, United Kingdom) that detects penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) with MicroScan conventional panels (Dade Behring, West Sacramento, CA) for detection of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. The PBP2a LAT demonstrated 99% agreement with MicroScan oxacillin MIC results for 388 isolates of S. aureus. All 249 oxacillin-resistant isolates gave strong positive reactions in the LAT (100% sensitivity). Three of the 139 oxacillin-susceptible isolates were also strongly positive and one was weakly positive in the LAT (97.1% specificity). The three oxacillin-susceptible isolates with strongly positive reactions were further characterized. The mecA gene was detected in all three by PCR; one isolate was determined to be resistant to oxacillin by reference broth microdilution testing (MIC, 8 mu g/ml), one isolate was inducibly resistant to oxacillin (MIC of 16 mu g/ml after overnight induction), and one isolate remained susceptible regardless of the method used for testing. Sequence analysis of a 2.1-kb gene fragment of the mecA gene from the susceptible isolate revealed a one-base substitution at nucleotide position 1449 which results in a Met-to-He change for amino acid residue 483. This amino acid substitution has not been previously reported and may be associated with a change in the function of PBP2a resulting in oxacillin susceptibility. An additional 487 isolates were tested in parallel with the both the LAT and MicroScan panels using criteria in which only strong (3 to 4+) or repeatedly weak (1 to 2+) LAT reactions were considered positive, and the results showed 99.4% agreement. The PBP2a LAT provided rapid and reliable detection of oxacillin resistance and proved a useful adjunct to the phenotypic method. Both methods provided reliable detection of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus and facilitated the discovery of a novel, functionally impaired form of PBP2a. C1 Emory Univ Hosp, Clin Microbiol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nolte, FS (reprint author), Emory Univ Hosp, Clin Microbiol Lab, Room F145,1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM fnolte@emory.edu NR 22 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4541 EP 4544 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.9.4541-4544.2005 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 966LD UT WOS:000232020400035 PM 16145104 ER PT J AU Duarte, RS Barros, RR Facklam, RR Teixeira, LM AF Duarte, RS Barros, RR Facklam, RR Teixeira, LM TI Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of streptococcus porcinus isolated from human sources SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI; GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI; SLAUGHTERED PIGS; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; SYSTEMS AB The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 25 Streptococcus porcinus isolates recovered from human sources were investigated and compared to the characteristics of 17 reference strains obtained from nonhuman sources. All of the S. porcinus isolates were beta-hemolytic (wide zones), susceptible to vancomycin, gave positive results for the leucine aminopeptidase and L-pyrrolidonylarylamidase tests, and produced acids from mannitol and sorbitol. Most of them were positive for the CAMP test and resistant to bacitracin. The isolates were susceptible to most of the 14 antimicrobials tested, except for tetracycline, for which 80% of the human isolates and 35.2% of the nonhuman strains were resistant. The tet(M) and the tet(O) genes were detected in 23 (88.5%) and 8 (30.8%) of the 26 tetracycline-resistant isolates, respectively. Analysis of whole-cell protein profiles obtained after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a high similarity among the profiles. Chromosomal DNA was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion with SmaI and by random(ly) amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR using primer 1254. Analysis of SmaI-restricted genomic DNA revealed the substantial genetic diversity among S. porcinus isolates from nonhuman sources, which were also serologically more diverse. Most of the human isolates belonged to serogroup NG1 and shared highly related PFGE profiles that were distinct from profiles of isolates from nonhuman sources. These results were in agreement with those obtained by analysis of amplicons after RAPD-PCR, indicating the potential ability of these techniques for typing S. porcinus and suggesting the occurrence of a few clonal groups of S. porcinus strains adapted to the human host. C1 Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, CCS, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Teixeira, LM (reprint author), Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, CCS, Bloco 1,Cidade Univ, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM lmt2@micro.ufrj.br NR 29 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4592 EP 4601 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.9.4592-4601.2005 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 966LD UT WOS:000232020400043 PM 16145112 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Johnson, D Popovic, T Miller, JM Downes, F Somsel, P Weyant, R Stephens, DS Perkins, BA Rosenstein, NE AF Sejvar, JJ Johnson, D Popovic, T Miller, JM Downes, F Somsel, P Weyant, R Stephens, DS Perkins, BA Rosenstein, NE TI Assessing the risk of laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Neisseria meningitidis is infrequently reported as a laboratory-acquired infection. Prompted by two cases in the United States in 2000, we assessed this risk among laboratorians. We identified cases of meningococcal disease that were possibly acquired or suspected of being acquired in a laboratory by placing an information request on e-mail discussion groups of infectious disease, microbiology, and infection control professional organizations. A probable case of laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease was defined as illness meeting the case definition for meningococcal disease in a laboratorian who had occupational exposure to an N. meningitidis isolate of the same serogroup within 14 days of illness onset. Sixteen cases of probable laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease occurring worldwide between 1985 and 2001 were identified, including six U.S. cases between 1996 and 2000. Nine cases (56%) were serogroup B; seven (44%) were serogroup C. Eight cases (50%) were fatal. All cases occurred among clinical microbiologists. In 15 cases (94%), isolate manipulation was performed without respiratory protection. We estimated that an average of three microbiologists are exposed to the 3,000 meningococcal isolates seen in U.S. laboratories yearly and calculated an attack rate of 131100,000 microbiologists between 1996 and 2001, compared to 0.2/100,000 among U.S. adults in general. The rate and case/fatality ratio of meningococcal disease among microbiologists are higher than those in the general U.S. population. Specific risk factors for laboratory-acquired infection are likely associated with exposure to droplets or aerosols containing N. meningitidis. Prevention should focus on the implementation of class II biological safety cabinets or additional respiratory protection during manipulation of suspected meningococcal isolates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 20 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4811 EP 4814 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.9.4811-4814.2005 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 966LD UT WOS:000232020400077 PM 16145146 ER PT J AU Pai, R Limor, J Beall, B AF Pai, R Limor, J Beall, B TI Use of pyrosequencing to differentiate Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 6A and 6B SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLEX PCR; INFECTIONS; SEROGROUPS; DISEASE; TOOL AB Accurate serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae remains important to monitor the changes in seroepidemiology of the organism over time. Though several PCR-based systems have been developed for this purpose, the cross-reactivity within serogroups often limits discrimination between types. All serogroup 6 isolates can be identified using a multiplex PCR system; however, due to the high sequence homology between the cps-6B and cps-6A loci, serotypes 6A and 6B cannot be differentiated by this method. We describe the use of pyrosequencing to reliably differentiate between serotypes 6A and 6B using a previously described single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 195 of the cps locus wciP gene. We observed complete concordance between capsular serotyping results and wciP pyrosequencing among 210 isolates examined, indicating that pyrosequencing is a rapid and accurate technique for deducing serotypes 6A and 6B. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C02,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BBEALL@CDC.GOV NR 14 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4820 EP 4822 DI 10.1128/JCM.4820-4822.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 966LD UT WOS:000232020400079 PM 16145148 ER PT J AU Johnston, LM Jaykus, LA Moll, D Martinez, MC Anciso, J Mora, B Moe, CL AF Johnston, LM Jaykus, LA Moll, D Martinez, MC Anciso, J Mora, B Moe, CL TI A field study of the microbiological quality of fresh produce SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CONTAMINATION; VEGETABLES; LETTUCE; CULTIVATION; CANTALOUPE; SURVIVAL; STORAGE; GROWTH; MARKET AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that foodborne disease outbreaks associated with fruits and vegetables increased during the past decade. This study was conducted to characterize the routes of microbial contamination in produce and to identify areas of potential contamination from production through postharvest handling. We report here the levels of bacterial indicator organisms and the prevalence of selected pathogens in produce samples collected from the southern United States. A total of 398 produce samples (leafy greens, herbs, and cantaloupe) were collected through production and the packing shed and assayed by enumerative tests for total aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, total Enterococcus, and Escherichia coli. These samples also were analyzed for Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7. Microbiological methods were based on methods recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. For all leafy greens and herbs, geometric mean indicator levels ranged from 4.5 to 6.2 log CFU/g (aerobic plate count); less than 1 to 4.3 log CFU/g (coliforms and Enterococcus); and less than 1 to 1.5 log CFU/g (E. coli). In many cases, indicator levels remained relatively constant throughout the packing shed, particularly for mustard greens. However, for cilantro and parsley, total coliform levels increased during the packing process. For cantaloupe, microbial levels significantly increased from field through packing, with ranges of 6.4 to 7.0 log CFU/g (aerobic plate count); 2.1 to 4.3 log CFU/g (coliforms); 3.5 to 5.2 log CFU/g (Enterococcus); and less than 1 to 2.5 log CFU/g (E. coli). The prevalence of pathogens for all samples was 0, 0, and 0.7% (3 of 398) for L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:117, and Salmonella, respectively. This study demonstrates that each step from production to consumption may affect the microbial load of produce and reinforces government recommendations for ensuring a high-quality product. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Life Sci & Agr, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Texas A&M Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Jaykus, LA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Life Sci & Agr, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM leeann_jaykus@ncsu.edu RI Moe, Christine/G-6118-2012 NR 33 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 40 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 68 IS 9 BP 1840 EP 1847 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 961VV UT WOS:000231690800008 PM 16161682 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Kincaid, J Kubota, K Hise, K Hunter, SB Fair, MA Norton, D Woo-Ming, A Kurzynski, T Sotir, MJ Head, M Holt, K Swaminathan, B AF Gerner-Smidt, P Kincaid, J Kubota, K Hise, K Hunter, SB Fair, MA Norton, D Woo-Ming, A Kurzynski, T Sotir, MJ Head, M Holt, K Swaminathan, B TI Molecular surveillance of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 by PulseNet USA SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; ELECTROPHORESIS; INFECTIONS AB PulseNet USA is the national molecular subtyping network system for foodborne disease surveillance. Sixty-four public health and food regulatory laboratories participate in PulseNet USA and routinely perform pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia colt isolated from humans, food, water, and the environment on a real-time basis. Clusters of infection are detected in three ways within this system: through rapidly alerting the participants in the electronic communication forum, the PulseNet Web conference; through cluster analysis by the database administrators at the coordinating center at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the patterns uploaded to the central server by the participants; and by matching profiles of strains from nonhuman sources with recent human uploads to the national server. The strengths, limitations, and scope for future improvements of PulseNet are discussed with examples from 2002. In that year, notices of 30 clusters of Shiga toxigenic E. coli O157 infections were posted on the Web conference, 26 of which represented local outbreaks, whereas four were multistate outbreaks. Another 27 clusters were detected by central cluster detection performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, of which five represented common source outbreaks confirmed after finding an isolate with the outbreak pattern in the implicated food. Ten food isolates submitted without suspicion of an association to human disease matched human isolates in the database, and an epidemiologic link to human cases was established for six of them. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Lab Serv Div, Denver, CO 80220 USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53701 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mail Stop C03,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM plg5@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 68 IS 9 BP 1926 EP 1931 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 961VV UT WOS:000231690800023 PM 16161697 ER PT J AU Bulterys, M Weidle, PJ Abrams, EJ Fowler, MG AF Bulterys, M Weidle, PJ Abrams, EJ Fowler, MG TI Combination antiretroviral therapy in African nursing mothers and drug exposure in their infants: New pharmacokinetic and virologic findings SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; 1-INFECTED PREGNANT-WOMEN; HIV-1 TRANSMISSION; POSTNATAL TRANSMISSION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; NEVIRAPINE; ZIDOVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Zambia, Global AIDS Program, Lusaka, Zambia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Sexualy Transmitted Dis & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DIv HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV Sexualy Transmitted Dis & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Harlem Hosp Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Mother Child Transmiss Plus Initiat, New York, NY USA. RP Bulterys, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Zambia, Global AIDS Program, Amer Embassy,Independence Ave,POB 31617, Lusaka, Zambia. EM bulterysm@cdczm.org NR 43 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 5 BP 709 EP 712 DI 10.1086/432490 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 952QC UT WOS:000231019600001 PM 16088819 ER PT J AU During, RL Li, W Hao, BH Koenig, JM Stephens, DS Quinn, CP Southwick, FS AF During, RL Li, W Hao, BH Koenig, JM Stephens, DS Quinn, CP Southwick, FS TI Anthrax lethal toxin paralyzes neutrophil actin-based motility SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FATAL INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; CORD BLOOD NEUTROPHILS; F-ACTIN; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; UNITED-STATES/; MACROPHAGES; BIOTERRORISM; COMPONENTS; APOPTOSIS AB Bacillus anthracis causes high-level bacteremia, strongly suggesting paralysis of the innate immune system. We have examined the effects of anthrax lethal toxin (LT) on human neutrophil chemotaxis, a process that requires actin filament assembly. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) treated with a sublethal concentration of LT (50 ng/mL) for 2 h demonstrated insignificant apoptosis or necrosis. However, this same concentration slowed human PMN formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP)-stimulated chemokinesis by 160%, markedly reduced polar morphology, and rendered PMNs incapable of responding to a chemotactic gradient. These changes were accompanied by a > 50% reduction in FMLP-induced actin filament assembly. One hour of exposure to LT failed to impair polarity or actin assembly, and the effects of LT were independent of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 inhibition. We conclude that 2 h of exposure to LT markedly impairs PMN actin assembly, and reductions in actin filament content are accompanied by a profound paralysis of PMN chemotaxis. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Med, Div Infect Dis, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Pediat, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Southwick, FS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Div Infect Dis, Box 100277, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM southfs@medicine.ufl.edu RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI064891, R01AI23262, R01AI34276, R01 AI023262]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD047401-01A1, R01 HD-47401] NR 34 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 5 BP 837 EP 845 DI 10.1086/432516 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 952QC UT WOS:000231019600015 PM 16088833 ER PT J AU Fischer, TK Ashley, D Kerin, T Reynolds-Hedmann, E Gentsch, J Widdowson, MA Westerman, L Puhr, N Turcios, RM Glass, RI AF Fischer, TK Ashley, D Kerin, T Reynolds-Hedmann, E Gentsch, J Widdowson, MA Westerman, L Puhr, N Turcios, RM Glass, RI TI Rotavirus antigenemia in patients with acute gastroenteritis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; SYSTEM AB Although rotavirus infections are generally considered to be confined to the intestine, recent reports suggest that extraintestinal disease occurs. We studied whether rotavirus infection was associated with antigenemia during a major outbreak of gastroenteritis in the Kingston metropolitan area, during July-August 2003. Rotavirus antigen was identified in 30 of 70 acute-phase serum samples (including from 2 deceased individuals) but in only 1 of 53 control samples. Serum antigen levels were inversely associated with time since symptom onset and were directly associated with antigen levels in stool (). Serum antigen levels were significantly elevated during primary infections (acute-phase serum immunoglobulin G [IgG] titers, < 25), compared with those in subsequent infections (acute-phase serum IgG titers, >= 25) (P = .02). Antigenemia was common in this outbreak and might provide a mechanism to help explain rare but well-documented reports of findings of extraintestinal rotavirus. In situations in which stool samples are not readily available (i.e., patients with severe dehydration or those recently recovered or deceased), serum testing by enzyme immunoassay offers a new and practical diagnostic tool. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Hlth Promot & Protect Div, Kingston, Jamaica. RP Fischer, TK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Team, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM thf7@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 5 BP 913 EP 919 DI 10.1086/432549 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 952QC UT WOS:000231019600024 PM 16088842 ER PT J AU Bahl, R Ray, P Subodh, S Shambharkar, P Saxena, M Parashar, U Gentsch, J Glass, R Bhan, MK AF Bahl, R Ray, P Subodh, S Shambharkar, P Saxena, M Parashar, U Gentsch, J Glass, R Bhan, MK CA Delhi Rotavirus Study Grp TI Incidence of severe rotavirus diarrhea in New Delhi, India, and G and P types of the infecting rotavirus strains SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; MEXICAN CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; DIVERSITY; SEROTYPES; INFANTS; DISEASE; IMMUNIZATION AB A total of 62,475 children < 5 years old from a defined population of similar to 500,000 children and adults from slums in New Delhi, India, were assessed for 1 year by means of passive surveillance, to identify children who were hospitalized for diarrhea. The incidence of severe rotavirus diarrhea was estimated, and the G and P types of the infecting rotavirus strains were determined and were correlated with the clinical severity of diarrhea. Of 584 children who were hospitalized with diarrhea, 137 (23.5%) had rotavirus detected in stool specimens (incidence of rotavirus diarrhea-associated hospitalizations, 337 hospitalizations/100,000 children < 5 years of age). Most cases of diarrhea (98%) occurred during the first 2 years of life, peaking at 9 - 11 months of age. Rotavirus-associated diarrhea occurred year-round but was predominant in winter. Among the strains that could be G-typed, G1 was the most common serotype, followed by G9 and G2; 10% of cases of diarrhea were due to mixed G-type infections. Common strains identified in the present surveillance study were P[8]G1, P[4]G2, P[8]G9, P[6]G1, P[6]G9, and P[6]G3. Children infected with G1 strains had a greater risk of developing more-severe cases of diarrhea than did children infected with other rotavirus strains (odds ratio, 2.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 - 6.67). C1 All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Ctr Diarrheal Dis & Nutr Res, New Delhi 110029, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bhan, MK (reprint author), All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Ctr Diarrheal Dis & Nutr Res, New Delhi 110029, India. EM mkbhan_rv@bol.net.in NR 34 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S114 EP S119 DI 10.1086/431497 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500018 PM 16088794 ER PT J AU Bresee, JS Hummelman, E Nelson, EAS Glass, RI AF Bresee, JS Hummelman, E Nelson, EAS Glass, RI TI Rotavirus in Asia: The value of surveillance for informing decisions about the introduction of new vaccines SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIARRHEAL DISEASE; CHILDREN; INFANTS; TRIAL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Bresee, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jbresee@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S1 EP S5 DI 10.1086/431515 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500001 PM 16088790 ER PT J AU Chen, KT Chen, PY Tang, RB Huang, YF Lee, PI Yang, JY Chen, HY Bresee, J Hummelman, E Glass, R AF Chen, KT Chen, PY Tang, RB Huang, YF Lee, PI Yang, JY Chen, HY Bresee, J Hummelman, E Glass, R TI Sentinel hospital surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea in Taiwan, 2001-2003 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS AB We examined the epidemiological profile of rotavirus infection among children hospitalized for diarrhea in Taiwan, to assess the burden of this disease. From 1 April 2001 through 31 March 2003, children < 5 years old with gastroenteritis admitted to 4 sentinel hospitals were enrolled in a surveillance study and had stool specimens tested for the presence of rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, and the bacterial pathogens for which routine screening is performed. For 52% of patients, a recognized enteric pathogen was identified, including rotavirus (43% of patients), bacteria (11%), enteric adenovirus (2.5%), and a mixture of pathogens (3.9%). Rotavirus was detected year-round, but great month-to-month variability made it difficult to identify a distinct seasonal pattern. Rotavirus disease was most common among children 7-23 months old, but the rate of rotavirus detection varied little between the youngest and oldest age groups. The novel strain P[8] G9 was detected most commonly (37% of strains), followed by strains P[8] G1 (31%), P[4] G2 (10%), P[8] G3 (9.3%), and P[8] G4 (3.7%). Rotavirus infection is the most important cause of diarrhea among hospitalized children in Taiwan, and a rotavirus vaccination program for young children might significantly reduce this problem. C1 Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Taipei 10016, Taiwan. Natl Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control, Div Res & Dev, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Vet Gen Hosp, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Taichung, Taiwan. Natl Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Setc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chen, KT (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Publ Hlth, 1 Univ Rd, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. EM ktchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw NR 19 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S44 EP S48 DI 10.1086/431495 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500007 PM 16088804 ER PT J AU Fang, ZY Wang, B Kilgore, PE Bresee, JS Zhang, LJ Sun, LW Du, ZQ Tang, JY Hou, AC Shen, H Song, XB Nyambat, B Hummelman, E Xu, ZY Glass, RI AF Fang, ZY Wang, B Kilgore, PE Bresee, JS Zhang, LJ Sun, LW Du, ZQ Tang, JY Hou, AC Shen, H Song, XB Nyambat, B Hummelman, E Xu, ZY Glass, RI TI Sentinel hospital surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea in the People's Republic of China, August 2001 July 2003 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop of the Asian-Rotavirus-Surveillance-Network CY OCT 21-22, 2003 CL Manila, PHILIPPINES SP Asian Rotavirus Surveillance Network ID ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; CHILDREN; STRAINS; VACCINE AB China has the second largest birth cohort in the world and the second highest number of deaths due to rotavirus infection. It is also the only country with a licensed rotavirus vaccine. Chinese policy makers now need credible estimates of the burden of rotavirus disease, to decide about vaccine use. From August 2001 through July 2003, prospective hospital-based surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea among children ! 5 years of age was conducted in 6 sentinel hospitals. Rotavirus isolates were characterized to determine the G and P genotypes circulating during the study. Of 3149 children who were admitted to the hospitals for diarrhea and for whom screening for rotavirus was performed, 1590 (50%) had positive results of an antigen detection assay. Of all episodes of rotavirus diarrhea, 95% occurred during the first 2 years of life. The most common rotavirus strain was P[8]G3 (49% of episodes), and all the common strains were detected, including G9 strains (4% of episodes). Ongoing efforts are under way to more precisely define the burden of rotavirus diarrhea in urban and rural populations, to assess the proportion of episodes that may be due to unusual or emerging strains, and to estimate the economic burden of rotavirus disease. C1 Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Div, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. Beijing Friendship Hosp, Dept Pediat, Beijing, Peoples R China. Dongnan Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Nanjing, Peoples R China. Changchun Childrens Hosp, Dept Med Res, Changchun, Jilin Prov, Peoples R China. Kunming Childrens Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Kunming, Yunnan Prov, Peoples R China. Suzhou Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Suzhou, Jiangsu Prov, Peoples R China. Maanshan Steel & Iron Trust Hosp, Dept Pediat, Maanshan, Anhui, Peoples R China. Int Vaccine Inst, Div Translat Res, Seoul, South Korea. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fang, ZY (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Div, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, 100 Ying Xin St, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. EM fangzhyn@263.net RI Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013 OI Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482 NR 15 TC 60 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S94 EP S99 DI 10.1086/431505 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500014 PM 16088812 ER PT J AU Gentsch, JR Laird, AR Bielfelt, B Griffin, DD Banyai, K Ramachandran, M Jain, V Cunliffe, NA Nakagomi, O Kirkwood, CD Fischer, TK Parashar, UD Bresee, JS Jiang, B Glass, RI AF Gentsch, JR Laird, AR Bielfelt, B Griffin, DD Banyai, K Ramachandran, M Jain, V Cunliffe, NA Nakagomi, O Kirkwood, CD Fischer, TK Parashar, UD Bresee, JS Jiang, B Glass, RI TI Serotype diversity and reassortment between human and animal rotavirus strains: Implications for rotavirus vaccine programs SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RNA-RNA HYBRIDIZATION; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; SUBGROUP-I SPECIFICITY; SOUTH INDIAN CHILDREN; ACUTE DIARRHEA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; P-TYPE; VP4 GENOTYPES AB The development of rotavirus vaccines that are based on heterotypic or serotype-specific immunity has prompted many countries to establish programs to assess the disease burden associated with rotavirus infection and the distribution of rotavirus strains. Strain surveillance helps to determine whether the most prevalent local strains are likely to be covered by the serotype antigens found in current vaccines. After introduction of a vaccine, this surveillance could detect which strains might not be covered by the vaccine. Almost 2 decades ago, studies demonstrated that 4 globally common rotavirus serotypes (G1 - G4) represent > 90% of the rotavirus strains in circulation. Subsequently, these 4 serotypes were used in the development of reassortant vaccines predicated on serotype-specific immunity. More recently, the application of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction genotyping, nucleotide sequencing, and antigenic characterization methods has confirmed the importance of the 4 globally common types, but a much greater strain diversity has also been identified (we now recognize strains with at least 42 P-G combinations). These studies also identified globally (G9) or regionally (G5, G8, and P2A[6]) common serotype antigens not covered by the reassortant vaccines that have undergone efficacy trials. The enormous diversity and capacity of human rotaviruses for change suggest that rotavirus vaccines must provide good heterotypic protection to be optimally effective. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Baranya Cty Inst, Reg Lab Virol, State Publ Hlth Serv, Pecs, Hungary. Univ Liverpool, Dept Med Microbiol, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Nagasaki Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Nagasaki 852, Japan. RP Gentsch, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, MS G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jrg4@cdc.gov NR 165 TC 307 Z9 318 U1 0 U2 25 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S146 EP S159 DI 10.1086/431499 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500022 PM 16088798 ER PT J AU Glass, RI Bresee, JS Turcios, R Fischer, TK Parashar, UD Steele, AD AF Glass, RI Bresee, JS Turcios, R Fischer, TK Parashar, UD Steele, AD TI Rotavirus vaccines: Targeting the developing world SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEAL DISEASE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; GLOBAL BURDEN; UNITED-STATES; INFANTS; EFFICACY; IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTION; RIT-4237 AB For the past 2 decades, rotavirus infection, the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children, has been a priority target for vaccine development. This decision to develop rotavirus vaccines is predicated on the great burden associated with fatal rotavirus disease (i.e., 440,000 deaths/year), the firm scientific basis for developing live oral vaccines, the belief that increased investment in development at this time could speed the introduction of vaccines in developing countries, and the appreciation that implementation of a vaccine program should result in a measurable decrease in the number of hospitalizations and deaths associated with rotavirus disease within 2 - 3 years. RotaShield (Wyeth-Ayerst), the first rotavirus vaccine licensed in the United States, was withdrawn after 9 months because of a rare association of the vaccine with the development of intussusception. In the developing world, this vaccine could still have had a measurable effect, because the benefits of preventing deaths due to rotavirus disease would have been substantially greater than the rare risk of intussusception. Two live oral vaccines being prepared by GlaxoSmithKline and Merck have completed large-scale clinical trials. The GlaxoSmithKline vaccine has been licensed in Mexico and the Dominican Republic, and the Merck vaccine could be licensed in the United States within 1 year; several other candidate vaccines are in earlier stages of testing. However, many challenges remain before any of these vaccines can be incorporated into childhood immunization programs in the developing world. First, vaccine efficacy, which has already been demonstrated in children in industrialized and middle-income countries, needs to be proven in poor developing countries in Africa and Asia. The safety of vaccines with regard to the associated risk of intussusception must be demonstrated as well. Novel financing strategies will be needed to ensure that new vaccines are affordable and available in the developing world. Decision makers and parents in developing countries need to know about this disease that has little name recognition and is rarely diagnosed. Finally, for the global effort toward the prevention of rotavirus disease to be successful, special efforts will be required in India, China, and Indonesia, because one-third of all deaths due to rotavirus disease occur in these countries, and because these countries depend almost entirely on vaccines manufactured domestically. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Initiat Vaccine Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop G04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rglass@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 73 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S160 EP S166 DI 10.1086/431504 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500023 PM 16088799 ER PT J AU Glass, RI Bhan, MK Ray, P Bahl, R Parashar, UD Greenberg, H Rao, CD Bhandari, N Maldonado, Y Ward, RL Bernstein, DI Gentsch, JR AF Glass, RI Bhan, MK Ray, P Bahl, R Parashar, UD Greenberg, H Rao, CD Bhandari, N Maldonado, Y Ward, RL Bernstein, DI Gentsch, JR TI Development of candidate rotavirus vaccines derived from neonatal strains in India SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BOVINE ROTAVIRUS; NEW-DELHI; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; SEROTYPE; PROTECTION; ANTIBODIES; CHILDREN; INFANTS AB The need for a rotavirus vaccine in India is based on the enormous burden associated with the 1100,000 deaths due to rotavirus diarrhea that occur annually among Indian children. Two rotavirus strains identified during nosocomial outbreaks of rotavirus infection in New Delhi and Bangalore, India, more than a decade ago are being developed as live oral vaccines. Infected newborns had no symptoms, shed virus for up to 2 weeks after infection, mounted a robust immune response, and demonstrated protection against severe rotavirus diarrhea after reinfection. The 2 strains are naturally occurring bovine-human reassortants. The New Delhi strain, 116E, is characterized as having a P[11], G9 genotype, and the Bangalore strain, I321, is characterized as having a P[11], G10 genotype. The strains have been prepared as pilot lots for clinical trials to be conducted in New Delhi. This unique project, which is developing a new rotavirus vaccine in India with the use of Indian strains, an Indian manufacturer, and an Indian clinical development program, aims to expedite introduction of rotavirus vaccines in India. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India. India Inst Sci, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop G04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rglass@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-21362, AI-53719] NR 23 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S30 EP S35 DI 10.1086/431498 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500005 PM 16088802 ER PT J AU Hsu, VP Rahman, HB Wong, SL Ibrahim, LHJ Yusoff, AFHJ Chan, LG Parashar, U Glass, RI Bresee, J AF Hsu, VP Rahman, HB Wong, SL Ibrahim, LHJ Yusoff, AFHJ Chan, LG Parashar, U Glass, RI Bresee, J TI Estimates of the burden of rotavirus disease in Malaysia SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL DISCHARGE DATA; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTION AB Background. Accurate national estimates of the disease burden associated with rotavirus diarrhea are essential when considering implementation of a rotavirus vaccination program. We sought to estimate rotavirus disease associated morbidity and mortality in Malaysia, using available sources of information. Methods. We analyzed national data from the Ministry of Health (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) to derive rates of hospitalization, clinic visits, and deaths related to acute gastroenteritis (AG) among children < 5 years of age. The number of events attributable to rotavirus infection was estimated by multiplying age-stratified rates of detection of rotavirus from 2 hospital surveillance sites by national data. Results. In 1999 and 2000, an average of 13,936 children (1 in 187 children) were hospitalized annually for AG. Surveillance of visits to outpatient clinics for AG identified an average of 60,342 such visits/year between 1998 and 2000. The AG-associated mortality rate was 2.5 deaths/100,000 children. On the basis of the finding that 50% of children were hospitalized for rotavirus diarrhea, we estimated that 1 in 61 children will be hospitalized for rotavirus disease and that 1 in 37 children will seek treatment as an outpatient. Conclusions. Among Malaysian children, there is a significant burden associated with AG- and rotavirus disease-related hospitalizations and outpatient visits, and this burden potentially could be prevented by the use of rotavirus vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Kuala Lumpur Hosp, Inst Pediat, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur Hosp, Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth, Minist Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur Hosp, Div Publ Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur Hosp, Div Planning & Dev, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sarawak Gen Hosp, Kuching, Malaysia. RP Hsu, VP (reprint author), 685 Palm Springs Dr,Ste 2A, Altamonte Springs, FL 32701 USA. EM vhsu@worldnet.att.net; rglass@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S80 EP S86 DI 10.1086/431494 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500012 PM 16088810 ER PT J AU Jiraphongsa, C Bresee, JS Pongsuwanna, Y Kluabwang, P Poonawagul, U Arporntip, P Kanoksil, M Premsri, N Intusoma, U AF Jiraphongsa, C Bresee, JS Pongsuwanna, Y Kluabwang, P Poonawagul, U Arporntip, P Kanoksil, M Premsri, N Intusoma, U CA Rotavirus Surveillance Project Tha TI Epidemiology and burden of rotavirus diarrhea in Thailand: Results of sentinel surveillance SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop of the Asian-Rotavirus-Surveillance-Network CY OCT 21-22, 2003 CL Manila, PHILIPPINES SP Asian Rotavirus Surveillance Network ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB Diarrhea remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children in Thailand, with 11 million cases reported in 2002. In anticipation of the development of vaccines against rotavirus, we evaluated the disease burden associated with rotavirus infection in Thai children and evaluated the rotavirus serotypes now circulating in Thailand. Diarrhea surveillance was conducted at 6 Thai hospitals in different geographic areas. Community-based surveillance was conducted in Huaykrajao District, Kanchanaburi Province. During the 24 months of surveillance, 4057 children were admitted to the 6 participating hospitals, and 1950 stool samples were collected. Of these stool samples, 43% (838) were positive for rotavirus. All rotavirus-positive stool samples were evaluated to identify their serotypes; 54.8% of samples were of serotype G9, which was predominant each year. Other identified rotavirus serotypes included G2, G4, G1, and G3 (17.2%, 5.3%, 0.8%, and 0.1% of isolates, respectively). Approximately one-half of the children hospitalized with rotavirus diarrhea were < 1 year old. Community surveillance showed the proportion of cases of rotavirus diarrhea in the community to be much lower than that in the hospitalized population (12.2% vs. 43.0%). C1 Bur Epidemiol, Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Med Sci, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ramathibodi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jiraphongsa, C (reprint author), Bur Epidemiol, Minist Publ Hlth, Tiwanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM chulee@health.moph.go.th NR 31 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S87 EP S93 DI 10.1086/431508 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500013 PM 16088811 ER PT J AU Kang, JO Kilgore, P Kim, JS Nyambat, B Kim, J Suh, HS Yoon, Y Jang, S Chang, C Choi, S Kim, MN Gentsch, J Bresee, J Glass, R AF Kang, JO Kilgore, P Kim, JS Nyambat, B Kim, J Suh, HS Yoon, Y Jang, S Chang, C Choi, S Kim, MN Gentsch, J Bresee, J Glass, R TI Molecular epidemiological profile of rotavirus in South Korea, July 2002 through June 2003: Emergence of G4P[6] and G9P[8] strains SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop of the Asian-Rotavirus-Surveillance-Network CY OCT 21-22, 2003 CL Manila, PHILIPPINES SP Asian Rotavirus Surveillance Network ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; UNITED-KINGDOM; G9; INFECTIONS; DIVERSITY; IDENTIFICATION; REASSORTMENT; BANGLADESH; SEROTYPES AB To determine the distribution of rotavirus strain genotypes in South Korea, rotavirus-positive stool specimens were collected from July 2002 through June 2003 at 8 hospitals in the Korean Rotavirus Strain Surveillance Network, and they were genotyped by means of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The globally uncommon G4P[6] type was the most prevalent type identified among strains (27% of strains), the newly emerging G9P[8] strain accounted for 11% of strains, and the globally common genotypes (i.e., G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], and G4P[8]) constituted 55% of the strains characterized. Ninety percent of G4P[ 6] strains were detected in specimens obtained from neonates. Common genotypes were responsible for the rotavirus epidemic that began in January 2003 and ended in May 2003; however, an early peak in infections with the G4P[6] strain occurred from August through October 2002, and infections with this strain were detected throughout the remaining study period. G4P[6] strains were most commonly identified at 6 urban health care centers, but they were absent from 2 rural health care centers. The newly emerging strain G9P[8] represented a relatively greater proportion of strains identified at a hospital in the central region of Korea and at 2 hospitals in the southern region. The identification of novel rotavirus genotypes in this laboratory-based surveillance study underscores the importance to public health of continued strain surveillance among children for whom prevention of rotavirus infection by vaccination might be considered. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Lab Med, Guri Hosp, Guri 471701, Gyunggido, South Korea. Univ Ulsan, Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. Asan Med Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Pediat, Jeonju, South Korea. Univ Ulsan, Dept Lab Med, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. Gangnung Asan Hosp, Kangnung, South Korea. Daegu Catholic Univ Hosp, Taegu, South Korea. Cheju Natl Univ Hosp, Cheju, South Korea. Chosun Univ Hosp, Kwangju, South Korea. Pusan Natl Univ Hosp, Pusan, South Korea. Eulji Univ Hosp, Taejon, South Korea. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kang, JO (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Lab Med, Guri Hosp, Guri 471701, Gyunggido, South Korea. EM jokang@hanyang.ac.kr RI Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013 OI Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482 NR 30 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S57 EP S63 DI 10.1086/431502 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500009 PM 16088806 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Kang, JO Cho, SC Jang, YT Min, SA Park, TH Nyambat, B Jo, DS Gentsch, J Bresee, JS Mast, TC Kilgore, PE AF Kim, JS Kang, JO Cho, SC Jang, YT Min, SA Park, TH Nyambat, B Jo, DS Gentsch, J Bresee, JS Mast, TC Kilgore, PE TI Epidemiological profile of rotavirus infection in the Republic of Korea: Results from prospective surveillance in the Jeongeub District, 1 July 2002 through 30 June 2004 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN; HEALTHY INFANTS; DIARRHEA; STRAINS; DISEASE; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINE; IMPACT; INDIA AB To facilitate future decisions regarding the usefulness of rotavirus vaccines in the Republic of Korea, active surveillance was conducted in a network of clinics, emergency departments, and hospitals serving Jeongeub District, Korea. Children with diarrhea underwent standard clinical evaluations, and stool specimens were collected to test for the presence of rotavirus. Parents were interviewed to collect demographic and family information. From 1 July 2002 through 30 June 2004, a total of 4106 children, representing 1 (50%) of every 2 children < 5 years old in the study population, were evaluated for rotavirus diarrhea. Of the 2232 stool specimens obtained throughout the year, 460 (20.6%) were rotavirus positive; however, the monthly prevalence of rotavirus infection peaked at 49.5% in February 2004. Of the 460 rotavirus-positive stool specimens, 366 were obtained from children who visited outpatient clinics, and 94 were obtained from children who were hospitalized. By extrapolating the proportion of rotavirus-positive patients to all children with diarrhea in the surveillance system, we calculate that 882 children in Jeongeub District had rotavirus infection (which would predict that there would be 702 associated clinic visits and 180 hospitalizations). Genotyping of rotavirus strains showed that 39% of strains were type G9P[8], 24% were type G1P[8], 17% were type G3P[8], and 13% were type G2P[4]. The incidence of rotavirus diarrhea peaked at age 13 - 24 months, and 94% of cases occurred during the first 3 years of life. The annual incidence of all rotavirus disease - associated outcomes was 56.9 cases/1000 children < 5 years old (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.9 - 62.2 cases/1000 children < 5 years old). The incidence of rotavirus disease - associated hospitalizations was 11.6 cases/1000 children < 5 years old (95% CI, 9.5 - 14.2 cases/1000 children < 5 years old). In Korea, diarrhea is common during childhood, and the incidence of diarrhea due to rotavirus infection suggests that improved programs for the prevention and control of both rotavirus diarrhea and diarrhea due to other causes are needed. C1 Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Dukjinku 561712, Jeonju, South Korea. Jeonju Presbyterian Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Jeonju, South Korea. Hanyang Univ, Sch Med, Guri Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Guri, South Korea. Jeongeub Asan Hosp, Dept Pediat, Jeongeub, South Korea. Int Vaccine Inst, Div Translat Res, Seoul, South Korea. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Merck Res Labs, Dept Epidemiol, West Point, PA USA. RP Kim, JS (reprint author), Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, 634-18 Keumamdong, Dukjinku 561712, Jeonju, South Korea. EM kimjsp@chonbuk.ac.kr RI Jo, Dae Sun/I-5756-2014; Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013 OI Jo, Dae Sun/0000-0002-3141-9539; Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482 NR 35 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S49 EP S56 DI 10.1086/431506 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500008 PM 16088805 ER PT J AU Moe, K Hummelman, EG Oo, WM Lwin, T Htwe, TT AF Moe, K Hummelman, EG Oo, WM Lwin, T Htwe, TT TI Hospital-based surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea in children in Yangon, Myanmar SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Diarrhea is a common childhood illness in Myanmar, and rotavirus is the single most important etiological agent of diarrhea. Surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea in children < 5 years of age was conducted in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Yangon, Myanmar, from January 2002 through December 2003. Stool specimens obtained from children admitted to the hospital for acute diarrhea were tested for the presence of rotavirus by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Diarrhea was the cause of 5671 (18%) of all hospitalizations of children < 5 years of age during the 2-year study period (n = 30,869). Rotavirus was identified in 923 (53%) of the 1736 stool specimens tested, and rotavirus infection was associated with similar to 10% of all hospitalizations of children. Rotavirus diarrhea most frequently occurred in children 6 - 17 months of age, and it was more commonly identified in boys (62% of children with rotavirus diarrhea were boys). The seasonal pattern of rotavirus disease mimicked that of diarrheal illness due to all causes, with the peak season for rotavirus disease occurring from November through February (i.e., during the cool, dry season). During the study period, 53 of the children who were hospitalized for diarrhea died. The present study confirms the importance of the etiological role that rotavirus plays in childhood diarrhea. C1 Dept Med Res Lower Myanmar, Virol Res Div, Yangon 11191, Myanmar. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moe, K (reprint author), Dept Med Res Lower Myanmar, Virol Res Div, 5 Ziwaka Rd, Yangon 11191, Myanmar. EM kmoe@mptmail.net.mm NR 4 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S111 EP S113 DI 10.1086/431509 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500017 PM 16088793 ER PT J AU Nelson, EAS Tam, JS Bresee, JS Poon, KH Ng, CH Ip, KS Mast, TC Chan, PKS Parashar, UD Fok, TF Glass, RI AF Nelson, EAS Tam, JS Bresee, JS Poon, KH Ng, CH Ip, KS Mast, TC Chan, PKS Parashar, UD Fok, TF Glass, RI TI Estimates of rotavirus disease burden in Hong Kong: Hospital-based surveillance SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Asian Congress of Pediatrics CY NOV, 2003 CL Bangkok, THAILAND ID DISCHARGE DATA; CHILDREN; INFECTION; INTUSSUSCEPTION; DIARRHEA; GASTROENTERITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINE AB Background. We conducted prospective, hospital-based surveillance for rotavirus disease for a 2-year period at 4 of 12 public government (Hospital Authority [ HA]) hospitals in Hong Kong. It has been estimated that HA hospitals provide 90% of inpatient care in Hong Kong. Methods. Information was collected for children < 5 years old who had a primary or secondary diagnosis of diarrhea or for whom a stool sample was tested for the presence of rotavirus (by enzyme immunoassay) or bacteria (by culture). Surveillance data were compared with routine discharge information from the HA's computerized Clinical Management System (CMS). Results. During a 2-year period (1 April 2001 through 31 March 2003), 7391 children were admitted to the hospital with diarrhea or developed diarrhea during their hospital stay. Of these children, 5881 (80%) had a stool sample tested for the presence of rotavirus, and 30% were positive for rotavirus (representing 24% of all diarrhea-associated admissions). CMS data underreported the total percentage of diarrhea-associated admissions (15% vs. 20%) and the percentage of diarrhea-associated admissions that were the result of rotavirus infection (13% vs. 24%). Estimated rates of hospitalization for rotavirus infection (8.8 admissions/1000 children < 5 years old and 18.4 admissions/1000 children < 1 year old) were 4-fold higher than our previous estimates, which were determined on the basis of CMS data alone. We estimate that the cumulative risk of hospitalization with rotavirus diarrhea by age 5 years is 1 in 24. Combined active and passive (CMS) surveillance data indicate that 4.6% of all general pediatric admissions to HA hospitals in Hong Kong were associated with rotavirus infection. Conclusion. Our study combined passive surveillance data from all Hong Kong HA hospitals with active surveillance data from 4 sentinel hospitals. The estimates of rotavirus disease burden obtained will help emphasize the effect of this important disease and create awareness of the potential for rotavirus vaccines. The surveillance model developed could also be a powerful tool for monitoring the effect of a vaccine. C1 Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Paediat, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Microbiol, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Tuen Mun Hosp, Dept Paediat, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Tuen Mun Hosp, Dept Adolescent Med, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Paediat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Adolescent Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hosp, Dept Paediat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hosp, Dept Adolescent Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA USA. RP Nelson, EAS (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Paediat, Prince Wales Hosp, 6-F Clin Sci Bldg, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM tony-nelson@cuhk.edu.hk RI Chan, Paul/J-9360-2013 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S71 EP S79 DI 10.1086/431492 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500011 PM 16088809 ER PT J AU Nelson, EAS Tam, JS Yu, LM Ng, YC Bresee, JS Poon, KH Ng, CH Ip, KS Mast, TC Chan, PKS Parashar, UD Fok, TF Glass, RI AF Nelson, EAS Tam, JS Yu, LM Ng, YC Bresee, JS Poon, KH Ng, CH Ip, KS Mast, TC Chan, PKS Parashar, UD Fok, TF Glass, RI TI Hospital-based study of the economic burden associated with rotavirus diarrhea in Hong kong SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES AB Background. Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in both developed and developing countries. Methods. To estimate the economic burden associated with rotavirus infection in Hong Kong, we combined data on the disease burden of rotavirus-associated hospital admissions with detailed cost data for a subsample of 471 children with diarrhea admitted to hospitals. Results. The annual total social cost and total direct medical cost for rotavirus-associated admissions were calculated as US $4.3 and US $4 million, respectively, by use of data collected during March 2001 to March 2003. The estimate of the direct medical costs was similar to 4-fold higher than a previous estimate; this difference largely reflects the greater disease burden identified through active disease surveillance conducted under the auspices of the Asian Rotavirus Surveillance Network. On average, families spent US $120 when their child's admission was associated with rotavirus infection; this cost represents similar to 10% of the monthly salary of an unskilled or service worker. Conclusions. These data emphasize the potential for a safe and effective rotavirus vaccine to reduce the economic burden associated with rotavirus disease. C1 Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Microbiol, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Clin Trials & Epidemiol Res, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Econ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Tuen Mun Hosp, Dept Paediat & Adolescent Med, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Paediat & Adolescent Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hosp, Dept Paediat & Adolescent Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA USA. RP Nelson, EAS (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Paediat, Prince Wales Hosp, 6-F Clin Sci Bldg, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM tony-nelson@cuhk.edu.hk RI Yu, LM/J-4284-2012; Chan, Paul/J-9360-2013 NR 9 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S64 EP S70 DI 10.1086/431493 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500010 PM 16088808 ER PT J AU Podewils, LJ Antil, L Hummelman, E Bresee, J Parashar, UD Rheingans, R AF Podewils, LJ Antil, L Hummelman, E Bresee, J Parashar, UD Rheingans, R TI Projected cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination for children in Asia SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEAL DISEASE; HONG-KONG; IMMUNIZATION; MORTALITY; VACCINES; BURDEN; GASTROENTERITIS; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; BANGLADESH AB Background. New rotavirus vaccines may soon be licensed, and decisions regarding implementation of their use will likely be based on the health and economic benefits of vaccination. Methods. We estimated the benefits and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Asia by using published estimates of rotavirus disease incidence, health care expenditures, vaccine coverage rates, and vaccine efficacy. Results. Without a rotavirus vaccination program, it is estimated that 171,000 Asian children will die of rotavirus diarrhea, 1.9 million will be hospitalized, and 13.5 million will require an outpatient visit by the time the Asian birth cohort reaches 5 years of age. The medical costs associated with these events are approximately $191 million; however, the total burden would be higher with the inclusion of such societal costs as lost productivity. A universal rotavirus vaccination program could avert approximately 109,000 deaths, 1.4 million hospitalizations, and 7.7 million outpatient visits among these children. Conclusions. A rotavirus vaccine could be cost-effective, depending on the income level of the country, the price of the vaccine, and the cost-effectiveness standard that is used. Decisions regarding implementation of vaccine use should be based not only on whether the intervention provides a cost savings but, also, on the value of preventing rotavirus disease-associated morbidity and mortality, particularly in countries with a low income level (according to 2004 World Bank criteria for the classification of countries into income groups on the basis of per capita gross national income) where the disease burden is great. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Podewils, LJ (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lpp8@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S133 EP S145 DI 10.1086/431513 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500021 PM 16088797 ER PT J AU Van Man, N Luan, L Trach, DD Thanh, NTH Van Tu, P Long, NT Anh, DD Fischer, TK Ivanoff, B Gentsch, JR Glass, RI AF Van Man, N Luan, L Trach, DD Thanh, NTH Van Tu, P Long, NT Anh, DD Fischer, TK Ivanoff, B Gentsch, JR Glass, RI CA Vietnam Rotavirus Surveillance Net TI Epidemiological profile and burden of rotavirus diarrhea in Vietnam: 5 Years of sentinel hospital surveillance, 1998-2003 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION AB For 5 years, we have conducted sentinel surveillance for rotavirus at 6 hospitals in 4 cities in Vietnam. Stool samples obtained from 110,000 children < 5 years old who were admitted to the hospital with diarrhea have been screened for rotavirus. Overall, 55% of samples were positive, and there was little variability in rates of detection of rotavirus between sites (44% - 62%). In Vietnam, the characteristics of rotavirus infection more closely resemble those seen in developed countries, rather than those seen in developing countries: children become infected at an older age, the percentage of stool samples in which rotavirus is detected is extremely high, and the rotavirus strains appear to be the common types, with fewer mixed infections occurring. It is estimated that 5300 - 6800 children < 5 years old die of rotavirus infection each year in Vietnam, representing 8% - 11% of all deaths in this age group (cumulative risk per child by age 5 years, 1 in 200 to 1 in 285). Additional studies are ongoing to document the economic cost of the disease and to assess the burden of both fatal cases and milder cases of disease. Study outcomes will provide information for future testing and potential use of a rotavirus vaccine. C1 Poliomyelitis Vaccine Res & Prod Ctr, Hanoi, Vietnam. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Inst Pasteur, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Van Man, N (reprint author), Poliomyelitis Vaccine Res & Prod Ctr, 135 Lo Duc Rd, Hanoi, Vietnam. EM Poliovac@fpt.vn; Rglass@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 192 SU 1 BP S127 EP S132 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 953WX UT WOS:000231113500020 PM 16088796 ER PT J AU Higgins, J Sagoo, G Sanderson, S Zimmern, R Danesh, J Little, J Khoury, M AF Higgins, J Sagoo, G Sanderson, S Zimmern, R Danesh, J Little, J Khoury, M TI The Human Genome Epidemiology Network: enhancing the evidence base for research, practice and policy SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT British Human Genetics Conference CY SEP 12-14, 2005 CL Univ York, York, ENGLAND SP British Soc Human Genet HO Univ York C1 Publ Hlth Genet Unit, Cambridge, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Ctr Dis Control, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM julian.higgins@mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk RI Higgins, Julian/H-4008-2011 OI Higgins, Julian/0000-0002-8323-2514 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0022-2593 J9 J MED GENET JI J. Med. Genet. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 42 SU 1 BP S127 EP S127 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 966GV UT WOS:000232009000306 ER PT J AU Grosse, S AF Grosse, S TI Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis: Evaluation of benefits and risks and recommendations for state newborn screening programs - Sumamry reprinted from the recommeadations and reports section of the CDC publication morbidity and mortality weekly report. Vol. 53, RR-13, october 15,2004. SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grosse, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgrosse@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 147 IS 3 SU S BP S1 EP S1 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.09.004 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 973RT UT WOS:000232541000001 ER PT J AU Corso, LC Wiesner, PJ Lenihan, P AF Corso, LC Wiesner, PJ Lenihan, P TI Developing the MAPP community health improvement tool SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE assessment; community health improvement; health departments; planning; public health systems AB From 1997 to 2001, the National Association of County and City Health Officials, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Practice Program Office, developed a new community strategic planning tool, titled Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP). This article provides a chronological description of the development of MAPP, devoting significant attention to pivotal decisions, development milestones, and distinguishing features of this new public health planning tool. All phases of the development ensured a practice-driven process, ongoing substantive input from the field, careful attention to research and literature, and intentional linkage with related efforts. This deliberate process laid the foundation for a tool that is not only well grounded in research and concepts but also relevant for practical use in communities. The process also demonstrates how practice-based research can be conducted in a way that effectively balances the need for applied relevance with intellectual integrity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. DeKalb Cty Board Hlth, De Kalb, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Corso, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Mailstop K-36,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lrnc5@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 387 EP 392 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 955LQ UT WOS:000231227800004 PM 16103811 ER PT J AU Bakes-Martin, R Corso, LC Landrum, LB Fisher, VS Halverson, PK AF Bakes-Martin, R Corso, LC Landrum, LB Fisher, VS Halverson, PK TI Developing national performance standards for local public health systems SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Essential Public Health Services; performance measurement; performance standards; public health infrastructure; public health practice; public health systems ID ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICES; CORE FUNCTIONS; VALIDITY AB Since the beginning of the 1990s, public health has struggled to measure its performance and capacity to carry out the core functions of public health practice, while facing increasing challenges within the ever-changing landscape of healthcare delivery, bioterrorism response, emerging infections, and other threats to the public's health. The article describes the development of a set of national performance standards for measuring how effectively public health systems deliver the 10 Essential Public Health Services. The standards were developed through a practice-driven approach that incorporated comprehensive field testing and iterative revisions. The standards represent a national consensus framework for measuring important aspects of public health practice. C1 El Paso Cty Dept Hlth & Environm, Colorado Springs, CO 80910 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Performance Stand Branch, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Publ Hlth Performance Stand Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Bakes-Martin, R (reprint author), El Paso Cty Dept Hlth & Environm, 301 S Union, Colorado Springs, CO 80910 USA. EM rosemarybakes-martin@epchealth.org NR 22 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 418 EP 421 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 955LQ UT WOS:000231227800009 PM 16103816 ER PT J AU Kennedy, AM Gust, DA AF Kennedy, AM Gust, DA TI Parental vaccine beliefs and child's school type SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION LAWS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kennedy, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ark2@cdc.gov; dgg6@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 2005 VL 75 IS 7 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2005.00037.x PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 957LS UT WOS:000231371900007 PM 16102091 ER PT J AU Schrader, SM AF Schrader, SM TI Research on bicycle saddles and sexual health comes of age SO JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schrader, SM (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1743-6095 J9 J SEX MED JI J. Sex. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 2 IS 5 BP 594 EP 595 DI 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2005.00114.x PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 961UU UT WOS:000231688100002 ER PT J AU Glaser, R Kurimo, R Neumeister, C Shulman, S AF Glaser, R Kurimo, R Neumeister, C Shulman, S TI Data supporting ASTM method D 7049-04, for determination of metalworking fluids SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE metalworking fluids; analytical method; ASTM Method D 7049-04; spiking study; limits of detection and quantitation; metals analysis ID PROVISIONAL AMERICAN SOCIETY; SOLVENT BLEND AB Data are presented to support a modified ASTM sampling and analytical method-D 7049-04-for metal working fluids (MWFs). The modified method replaces ASTM method PS42-97, a gravimetric procedure that employs a ternary blend of methanol, dichloromethane, and toluene to separate the MWF from cosampled particulate. The revised method is also a gravimetric procedure that employs the ternary blend as well as a binary blend of methanol and water to remove MWF from insoluble particulate collected on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters. The method has been evaluated at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) by spiking known aliquots of five MWFs-one straight, one soluble, one semisynthetic, and two synthetic-onto PTFE filters, and extracting them after 24 h of storage with the ternary and binary blends. Samples were spiked at the following levels: straight: 230-940 mu g; soluble: 260-1130 mu g; semisynthetic: 64-260 mu g; synthetic I: 110-480 mu g; and synthetic II: 90-372 mu g. Limits of quantitation, computed from blanks carried through the analysis, were determined to be 73 mu g and 80 mu g, respectively, for the total-weight and extracted-weight procedures. On average, fractions extracted (weight recovered/weight spiked) for all fluids for all levels tested exceeded 0.94. Pooled estimates of the coefficients of variation of analysis over all samples tested were 0.043 for the total weight samples and 0.046 for the extracted weights. The extraction efficiencies for all five fluids were also tested by analysis of the binary blend extracts for characteristic marker elements in each fluid. Only for the lone ternary blend insoluble fluid were definitive marker element results obtained, with between 60 % (potassium) and 100 % (phosphorus) of two marker elements extracted. The extractability of tobacco smoke particulate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the PTFE filters is also addressed. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Glaser, R (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 33 IS 5 BP 323 EP 330 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 955NF UT WOS:000231231900005 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, B Shefer, A Tiggle, R Marsteller, J Remsburg, RE AF Bardenheier, B Shefer, A Tiggle, R Marsteller, J Remsburg, RE TI Nursing home resident and facility characteristics associated with pneumococcal vaccination: National Nursing Home Survey, 1995-1999 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE pneumococcal; vaccination; nursing home ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; UNITED-STATES; CARE; INFLUENZA; INFECTIONS; BACTEREMIA; OUTBREAKS; PEOPLE; RATES AB OBJECTIVES: To assess Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices recommendations for the pneumococcal vaccine in nursing home residents using national surveys to examine factors associated with vaccination. DESIGN: Cross-sectional national sample surveys of nursing homes and nursing home residents with a two-stage probability design, stratified on size and Medicare and Medicaid certification status. SETTING: U. S. nursing homes during 1995, 1997, and 1999. PARTICIPANTS: Six current residents were randomly selected from each facility (n = approximately 8,000 each year). MEASUREMENTS: Residents' pneumococcal vaccination status was obtained by asking the facility respondent for each resident: "Has [the resident] EVER had a pneumococcal vaccine, that is a pneumonia vaccination?'' Vaccination status was coded as yes, no, and unknown. RESULTS: The proportion of residents aged 65 and older that received pneumococcal vaccination increased significantly, from 23.6% in 1995 to 28.2% in 1997 to 37.4% in 1999 (P < .001). The proportion of residents in homes with pneumococcal immunization programs increased significantly, from 65.2% in 1995 to 88.9% in 1999. CONCLUSION: The proportion of nursing home residents aged 65 and older receiving the pneumococcal vaccine increased significantly from 1995 to 1999. Residents living in nursing homes with programs for pneumococcal immunizations were significantly more likely to be vaccinated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Sci Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Bardenheier, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Sci Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bfb7@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1543 EP 1551 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53483.x PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 959HO UT WOS:000231509000014 PM 16137285 ER PT J AU Nasci, RS AF Nasci, RS TI AMCA president's address delivered at the AMCA Annual Conference April 4, 2005, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Nasci, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[239:APADAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 965MW UT WOS:000231955600001 PM 16265784 ER PT J AU Datta, S Satten, GA AF Datta, S Satten, GA TI Rank-sum tests for clustered data SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE association; clustered data; Kruskal-Wallis test; quantitative trait; rank test; transmission disequilibrium test; Wilcoxon test AB The Wilcoxon rank-sum test is widely used to test the equality of two populations, because it makes fewer distributional assumptions than parametric procedures such as the t-test. However, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test can be used only if data are independent. When data are clustered, tests based on generalized estimating equations (GEEs) that generalize the t-test have been proposed. Here we develop a rank-sum test that can be used when data are clustered. As an application, we use our rank-sum test to develop a nonparametric test of association between a genetic marker and a quantitative trait locus. We also give a rank-sum test for equivalence of three or more populations that generalizes the Kruskal-Wallis test to situations with clustered data. Unlike previous rank tests for clustered data, our proposal is valid when members of the same cluster belong to different groups, or when the correlation between cluster members differs across groups. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Datta, S (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM datta@stat.uga.edu; gsatten@cdc.gov OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 11 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 100 IS 471 BP 908 EP 915 DI 10.1198/016214504000001583 PG 8 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 984NK UT WOS:000233311400021 ER PT J AU Dunn, C Hungerford, DW Field, C McCann, B AF Dunn, C Hungerford, DW Field, C McCann, B TI The stages of change: When are trauma patients truly ready to change? SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE intervention; precontemplation; contemplation; action; maintenance ID PEOPLE CHANGE; BEHAVIORS; DRINKING; INJURY AB This article summarizes the Stages of Change model, which identifies five stages that people experience as they gradually move away from engaging in harmful behaviors to sustaining healthy behaviors. Patients in different stages of change need different kinds of interventions. The Stages of Change model enhances brief counseling interventions for trauma patients with substance use problems because counselors can now accurately choose an appropriate intervention strategy. The authors present three case studies illustrating the three earliest stages of change most commonly encountered in trauma center patients. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. RP Dunn, C (reprint author), 325 9th Ave,Box 359896, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM cdunn@u.washington.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD SEP PY 2005 VL 59 IS 3 SU S BP S27 EP S32 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000185298.24593.56 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 020KM UT WOS:000235907900007 PM 16355057 ER PT J AU Field, C Hungerford, DW Dunn, C AF Field, C Hungerford, DW Dunn, C TI Brief motivational interventions: An introduction SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Editorial Material DE brief intervention; motivation; ambivalence; change ID DRINKING AB This article is an introduction to brief motivational interventions, which is an effective strategy to address alcohol-use disorders and the public health issues these disorders present. In this article, we summarize core concepts and our clinical experiences. To explore the contrast between these interventions and more traditional approaches to patient-provider interaction, the article describes strategies used in brief motivational interventions, answers common questions about the process, and provides references and resources for those who would like to learn more. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Field, C (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd,V8 Room 106B, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM craig.field@utsouthwestern.edu NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD SEP PY 2005 VL 59 IS 3 SU S BP S21 EP S26 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000179899.37332.8a PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 020KM UT WOS:000235907900006 PM 16355056 ER PT J AU Hungerford, D AF Hungerford, D TI Recommendations for trauma centers to improve screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for substance use disorders SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hungerford, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dyh5@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD SEP PY 2005 VL 59 IS 3 SU S BP S37 EP S42 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000174920.94387.45 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 020KM UT WOS:000235907900009 PM 16355060 ER PT J AU Hungerford, DW AF Hungerford, DW TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hungerford, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DHungerford@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD SEP PY 2005 VL 59 IS 3 SU S BP S5 EP S5 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000184579.98766.04 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 020KM UT WOS:000235907900003 ER PT J AU Bialek, SR Bower, WA Mottram, K Purchase, D Nakano, T Nainan, O Williams, IT Bell, BP AF Bialek, SR Bower, WA Mottram, K Purchase, D Nakano, T Nainan, O Williams, IT Bell, BP TI Risk factors for hepatitis B in an outbreak of hepatitis B and D among injection drug users SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B; hepatitis D; intravenous drug abuse ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEEDLE-EXCHANGE PROGRAM; SYRINGE EXCHANGE; C VIRUSES; INFECTION; HIV; BEHAVIORS; SURVIVAL; PARAPHERNALIA; TRANSMISSION AB During January-April, 2 000, 12 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported in Pierce County, Washington, compared with seven in all of 1999. Seven (58.3%) case patients were injection drug users (IDUs), three of whom were coinfected with hepatitis D virus (HDV) and died of fulminant hepatitis. Vaccination clinics were implemented at the local health department and needle exchange program to control the outbreak. We investigated this outbreak to determine risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission among IDUs. Hepatitis B cases were ascertained through routine surveillance and prevaccination testing at vaccination clinics. We conducted a case-control study comparing IDU case patients with HBV-susceptible IDUs identified at the vaccination clinics. Fifty-eight case patients were identified during January-December, 2000, 20 (34.5%) of whom were coinfected with HDV. Thirty-eight case patients (6S.S%) reported current IDU. In the case-control study, the 17 case patients were more likely than the 141 controls to report having more than one sex partner [odds ratio (OR) = 4.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5-15.0], injecting more than four times a day (OR = 4.5, 95% CI= 1.2-15.6) and sharing drug cookers with more than two people (58.8% vs. 14.0%, OR = 14.0, 95% CI = 2.4-81.5). Results were similar after controlling for syringe sharing in multivariable analysis. IDUs should be vaccinated against hepatitis B and should be advised against sharing drug injection equipment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tacoma Pierce Cty Hlth Dept, Tacoma, WA USA. Point Defiance AIDS Projects, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Bialek, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sbialek@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD SEP PY 2005 VL 82 IS 3 BP 468 EP 478 DI 10.1093/jurban/jti094 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 958GQ UT WOS:000231433100014 PM 16049202 ER PT J AU Kottiri, BJ Friedman, SR Euler, GL Flom, PL Sandoval, M Neaigus, A Jarlais, DCD Zenilman, JM AF Kottiri, BJ Friedman, SR Euler, GL Flom, PL Sandoval, M Neaigus, A Jarlais, DCD Zenilman, JM TI A community-based study of hepatitis B infection and immunization among young, adults in a high-drug-use neighborhood in New York City SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE drug use; hepatitis B infection; hepatitis B vaccination; youth ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; HIGH-RISK ADULTS; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; HIDDEN POPULATIONS; VIRUS INFECTION; SAN-FRANCISCO; VACCINATION; SEX; PREVALENCE AB We conducted a community-based study of the prevalence and correlates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and immunization among young adults in a "drug supermarket" neighborhood in New York City. Four hundred eighty-nine young adults ages 18-24 years were recruited from Bushwick, Brooklyn through multistage household probability sampling (n = 332) and targeted sampling (n = 157), interviewed, and tested for three hepatitis B markers (HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs). Serological evidence of HBV infection was found in 8.0% (6.0% in the household sample and 12.1% in the targeted sample) and of hepatitis B immunization in 19.6% (22.6% in the household sample and 13.4% in the targeted sample). HBV infection was higher among young adults who either used crack or injected drugs and among those who traded sex for money or drugs. Having Medicaid was significantly associated with lower odds of infection in the household sample and higher odds of immunization in the targeted sample. Although adolescent hepatitis B immunization has been a public health priority in the United States since 1995, nearly three-quarters of young adults in this community did not have serological evidence of being either exposed or immunized. Whereas subsequent younger generations benefited from universal childhood hepatitis B immunization, this particular cohort of young adults who live in communities like Bushwick presents a unique group for prevention intervention. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, Inst AIDS Res, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bdth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Chem Dependency, New York, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kottiri, BJ (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, 5-10-6 RRB,1300 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM bkottiri@usaid.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA10411] NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD SEP PY 2005 VL 82 IS 3 BP 479 EP 487 DI 10.1093/jurban/jti095 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 958GQ UT WOS:000231433100015 PM 16033931 ER PT J AU Greenberg, AE Tappero, J Choopanya, K van Griensven, F Martin, M Vanichseni, S Santibanez, S Molotilov, V Hader, S Broyles, LN AF Greenberg, AE Tappero, J Choopanya, K van Griensven, F Martin, M Vanichseni, S Santibanez, S Molotilov, V Hader, S Broyles, LN TI CDC international HIV prevention research activities among injection drug users in Thailand and Russia SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Research Conference on HIV/AIDS CY AUG, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP NIDA, Univ Miami Sch Med, Drug Abuse & AIDS Res Ctr DE HIV; IDUs; research; Russia; Thailand ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; VACCINE TRIAL; COTE-DIVOIRE; BANGKOK; TRANSMISSION; TUBERCULOSIS; ZIDOVUDINE; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; ABIDJAN AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has participated in collaborative HIV prevention research activities in injection drug users (IDUs) with the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) in Bangkok, Thailand, from 1995 to the present and with the Orel AIDS Center in Orel Oblast, Russia, from 2001 to 2003. Studies in Bangkok have included an HIV prevention trial preparatory cohort from 1995 to 1998, a seroconverter cohort from 1998 to the present, a phase III trial of the AIDSVAX B/E gp120 HIV vaccine from 1999 to 2003, and a phase II/III HIV prophylaxis trial with tenofovir scheduled to begin in 2005. Activities in Orel included a review of HIV surveillance data in 2001, focus group discussions and a case-control study with HIV-infected and -uninfected ID Us in 2 001, a cross-sectional study with the female sex partners of male IDUs in 2002, and a community outreach intervention in 2002-2003. In Bangkok, 1,209 IDUs were enrolled in the preparatory cohort which revealed an HIV incidence of 5.8% per 100 person-years, 133 HIV-infected IDUs have been followed in the seroconverter cohort with > 85% follow-up and HIV and tuberculosis care provided; 2,546 ID Us were enrolled in the HIV vaccine efficacy trial which was successfully completed with a follow-up rate of > 95%, although the vaccine was not shown to be effective at reducing HIV incidence; and 1,600 IDUs will be enrolled in the daily tenofovir HIV prophylaxis trial in 2005. In Orel, initial focus group discussions and epidemiologic studies revealed low HIV knowledge and high rates of unsafe injecting and sexual practices among ID Us and their female sex partners; and educational campaigns and the community outreach intervention were developed and implemented. A steady decline in new HIV infections in IDUs was then observed in Orel in 2002-2003. CDC has participated in the conduct of successful collaborative HIV prevention research activities in Thailand and Russia over the past decade. The establishment of long-term relationships with in-country public health and community partners has been instrumental in the success of these efforts. C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS & Infect Dis Prevent Ctr, Orel Oblast, Russia. RP Greenberg, AE (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Ross Hall,Room 125,2300 I St, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM sphaeg@gwu.edu RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD SEP PY 2005 VL 82 IS 3 SU 4 BP IV24 EP IV33 DI 10.1093/jurban/jti105 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 959VA UT WOS:000231546200006 PM 16107437 ER PT J AU Tripp, RA Haynes, LM Moore, D Anderson, B Tamin, A Harcourt, BH Jones, LP Yilla, M Babcock, GJ Greenough, T Ambrosino, DM Alvarez, R Callaway, J Cavitt, S Kamrud, K Alterson, H Smith, J Harcourt, JL Miao, C Razdan, R Comer, JA Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Sanchez, A Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Anderson, L AF Tripp, RA Haynes, LM Moore, D Anderson, B Tamin, A Harcourt, BH Jones, LP Yilla, M Babcock, GJ Greenough, T Ambrosino, DM Alvarez, R Callaway, J Cavitt, S Kamrud, K Alterson, H Smith, J Harcourt, JL Miao, C Razdan, R Comer, JA Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Sanchez, A Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Anderson, L TI Monoclonal antibodies to SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV): Identification of neutralizing and antibodies reactive to S, N, M and E viral proteins SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE SARS-coronavirus; monoclonal antibody; immunoassay; epitope; neutralizing ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; INFECTIOUS-BRONCHITIS VIRUS; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; SPIKE PROTEIN; COMMON COLD; REPLICATION; SUPERFAMILY; PROTECTION; IMMUNITY; DISEASES AB Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against the Urbam strain of the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were developed and characterized for reactivity to SARS-Cov and SARS-CoV S, N, M, and E proteins using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent (ELISA), radioimmunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, Western Blot and microneutralization assays. Twenty-six mAbs were reactive to SARS-CoV by ELISA, and nine were chosen for detailed characterization. Five mAbs reacted against the S protein, two against the M protein, and one each against the N and E proteins. Two of five S protein mAbs neutralized SARS-CoV infection of Vero E6 cells and reacted to an epitope within amino acids 490-510 in the S protein. While two of the three non-neutralizing antibodies recognized at second epitope within amino acids 270-350. The mAbs characterized should prove useful for developing SARS-CoV diagnostic assays and for studying the biology of infection and pathogenesis of disease. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Massachusetts Biol Labs, Boston, MA 02130 USA. Furman Univ, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. AlphaVax Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Haynes, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM loh5@cdc.gov OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 2005 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.03.021 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 953DA UT WOS:000231055200004 PM 15885812 ER PT J AU Glaser, L Stevens, J Zamarin, D Wilson, IA Garcia-Sastre, A Tumpey, TM Basler, CF Taubenberger, JK Palese, P AF Glaser, L Stevens, J Zamarin, D Wilson, IA Garcia-Sastre, A Tumpey, TM Basler, CF Taubenberger, JK Palese, P TI A single amino acid substitution in 1918 influenza virus hemagglutinin changes receptor binding specificity SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; PANDEMIC VIRUS; B VIRUSES; HUMAN H1; SIALYLOLIGOSACCHARIDES; ORIGIN; NEURAMINIDASE; RECOGNITION; PROTEINS; CHICKEN AB The receptor binding specificity of influenza viruses may be important for host restriction of human and avian viruses. Here, we show that the hemagglutinin (HA) of the virus that caused the 1918 influenza pandemic has strain-specific differences in its receptor binding specificity. The A/South Carolina/1/18 HA preferentially binds the alpha 2,6 sialic acid (human) cellular receptor, whereas the A/New York/1/18 HA, which differs by only one amino acid, binds both the a2,6 and the a2,3 sialic acid (avian) cellular receptors. Compared to the conserved consensus sequence in the receptor binding site of avian HAs, only a single amino acid at position 190 was changed in the A/New York/1/18 HA. Mutation of this single amino acid back to the avian consensus resulted in a preference for the avian receptor. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Palese, P (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, 1 Gustave Levy Pl,Box 1124, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM Peter.Palese@mssm.edu OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5R01AI050619-04, AI058113-01, P01 AI058113, R01 AI050619]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM062116-04, U54 GM062116]; PHS HHS [A1007647] NR 28 TC 232 Z9 251 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 79 IS 17 BP 11533 EP 11536 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.17.11533-11536.2005 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 956ML UT WOS:000231303900071 PM 16103207 ER PT J AU Murray, JL Mavrakis, M McDonald, NJ Yilla, M Sheng, JS Bellini, WJ Zhao, LJ Le Doux, JM Shaw, MW Luo, CC Lippincott-Schwartz, J Sanchez, A Rubin, DH Hodge, TW AF Murray, JL Mavrakis, M McDonald, NJ Yilla, M Sheng, JS Bellini, WJ Zhao, LJ Le Doux, JM Shaw, MW Luo, CC Lippincott-Schwartz, J Sanchez, A Rubin, DH Hodge, TW TI Rab9 GTPase is required for replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, filoviruses, and measles virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK; LIPID RAFT MICRODOMAINS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MATRIX PROTEIN; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; MULTIVESICULAR BODIES; PRIMARY MACROPHAGES; CLATHRIN ADAPTER; HIV-1 INFECTION; LATE ENDOSOMES AB Rab proteins and their effectors facilitate vesicular transport by tethering donor vesicles to their respective target membranes. By using gene trap insertional mutagenesis, we identified Rab9, which mediates lateendosome-to-trans-Golgi-network trafficking, among several candidate host genes whose disruption allowed the survival of Marburg virus-infected cells, suggesting that Rab9 is utilized in Marburg replication. Although Rab9 has not been implicated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, previous reports suggested that the late endosome is an initiation site for HIV assembly and that TIP47-dependent trafficking out of the late endosome to the trans-Golgi network facilitates the sorting of HIV Env into virions budding at the plasma membrane. We examined the role of Rab9 in the life cycles of HIV and several unrelated viruses, using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence Rab9 expression before viral infection. Silencing Rab9 expression dramatically inhibited HIV replication, as did silencing the host genes encoding TIP47, p40, and PlKfyve, which also facilitate late-endosome-to-trans-Golgi vesicular transport. In addition, silencing studies revealed that HIV replication was dependent on the expression of Rab11A, which mediates trans-Golgi-to-plasma-membrane transport, and that increased HIV Gag was sequestered in a CD63(+) endocytic compartment in a cell line stably expressing Rab9 siRNA. Replication of the enveloped Ebola, Marburg, and measles viruses was inhibited with Rab9 siRNA, although the nonenveloped reovirus was insensitive to Rab9 silencing. These results suggest that Rab9 is an important cellular target for inhibiting diverse viruses and help to define a late-endosome-to-plasma-membrane vesicular transport pathway important in viral assembly. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NICHHD, Cell Biol & Metab Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Avatar BioSci Inc, Nashville, TN USA. Georgia Tech, Wallace H Coulter Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare Syst, Dept Med Res, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Hudson Alpha Inst Biotechnol, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Hodge, TW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, 220 Riverbend Rd,Room 112, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM thodge@vet.uga.edu NR 60 TC 101 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 79 IS 18 BP 11742 EP 11751 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.18.11742-11751.2005 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 961AI UT WOS:000231633900021 PM 16140752 ER PT J AU Maines, TR Lu, XH Erb, SM Edwards, L Guarner, J Greer, PW Nguyen, DC Szretter, KJ Chen, LM Thawatsupha, P Chittaganpitch, M Waicharoen, S Nguyen, DT Nguyen, T Nguyen, HHT Kim, JH Hoang, LT Kang, C Phuong, LS Lim, W Zaki, S Donis, RO Cox, NJ Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Maines, TR Lu, XH Erb, SM Edwards, L Guarner, J Greer, PW Nguyen, DC Szretter, KJ Chen, LM Thawatsupha, P Chittaganpitch, M Waicharoen, S Nguyen, DT Nguyen, T Nguyen, HHT Kim, JH Hoang, LT Kang, C Phuong, LS Lim, W Zaki, S Donis, RO Cox, NJ Katz, JM Tumpey, TM TI Avian influenza (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in Asia in 2004 exhibit increased virulence in mammals SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HONG-KONG SAR; A H5N1; PRIMATE MODEL; PATHOGENESIS; MICE; INFECTION; DISEASE; DUCKS; VACCINES; ILLNESS AB The spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses across Asia in 2003 and 2004 devastated domestic poultry populations and resulted in the largest and most lethal H5N1 virus outbreak in humans to date. To better understand the potential of H5N1 viruses isolated during this epizootic event to cause disease in mammals, we used the mouse and ferret models to evaluate the relative virulence of selected 2003 and 2004 H5N1 viruses representing multiple genetic and geographical groups and compared them to earlier H5N1 strains isolated from humans. Four of five human isolates tested were highly lethal for both mice and ferrets and exhibited a substantially greater level of virulence in ferrets than other H5N1 viruses isolated from humans since 1997. One human isolate and all four avian isolates tested were found to be of low virulence in either animal. The highly virulent viruses replicated to high titers in the mouse and ferret respiratory tracts and spread to multiple organs, including the brain. Rapid disease progression and high lethality rates in ferrets distinguished the highly virulent 2004 H5N1 viruses from the 1997 H5N1 viruses. A pair of viruses isolated from the same patient differed by eight amino acids, including a Lys/Glu disparity at 627 of PB2, previously identified as an H5N1 virulence factor in mice. The virus possessing Glu at 627 of PB2 exhibited only a modest decrease in virulence in mice and was highly virulent in ferrets, indicating that for this virus pair, the K627E PB2 difference did not have a prevailing effect on virulence in mice or ferrets. Our results demonstrate the general equivalence of mouse and ferret models for assessment of the virulence of 2003 and 2004 H5N1 viruses. However, the apparent enhancement of virulence of these viruses in humans in 2004 was better reflected in the ferret. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, DVRD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Thai Natl Influenza Ctr, Natl Inst Hlth, Bangkok 11000, Thailand. Minist Agr & Rural Dev, Dept Anim Hlth, Natl Ctr Vet Diagnosis, Hanoi, Vietnam. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Anyang 430824, South Korea. Korean Natl Inst Hlth, Lab Resp Viruses, Dept Viruses, Seoul, South Korea. Hong Kong Natl Influenza Ctr, Govt Virus Unit, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, DVRD, NCID, Mail Stop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; OI Szretter, Kristy/0000-0003-0391-2307 NR 41 TC 329 Z9 350 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 79 IS 18 BP 11788 EP 11800 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.18.11788-11800.2005 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 961AI UT WOS:000231633900025 PM 16140756 ER PT J AU Li, ZJ Chen, HL Jiao, PR Deng, GH Tian, GB Li, YB Hoffmann, E Webster, RG Matsuoka, Y Yu, KZ AF Li, ZJ Chen, HL Jiao, PR Deng, GH Tian, GB Li, YB Hoffmann, E Webster, RG Matsuoka, Y Yu, KZ TI Molecular basis of replication of duck H5N1 influenza viruses in a mammalian mouse model SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; HONG-KONG; REVERSE GENETICS; AMINO-ACID; EVOLUTION; MICE; PATHOGENESIS; GENERATION; VIRULENCE; DISEASE AB We recently analyzed a series of H5N1 viruses isolated from healthy ducks in southern China since 1999 and found that these viruses had progressively acquired the ability to replicate and cause disease in mice. In the present study, we explored the genetic basis of this change in host range by comparing two of the viruses that are genetically similar but differ in their ability to infect mice and have different pathogenicity in mice. A/duck/Guangxi/22/2001 (DKGX/22) is nonpathogenic in mice, whereas A/duck/Guangxi/35/2001 (DKGX/35) is highly pathogenic. We used reverse genetics to create a series of single-gene recombinants that contained one gene from DKGX/22 and the remaining seven gene segments from DKGX/35. We find that the PA, NA, and NS genes of DKGX/22 could attenuate DKGX/35 virus to some extent, but PB2 of DKGX/22 virus attenuated the DKGX/35 virus dramatically, and an Asn-to-Asp substitution at position 701 of PB2 plays a key role in this function. Conversely, of the recombinant viruses in the DKGX/22 background, only the one that contains the PB2 gene of DKGX/35 was able to replicate in mice. A single amino acid substitution (Asp to Asn) at position 701 of PB2 enabled DKGX/22 to infect and become lethal for mice. These results demonstrate that amino acid Asn 701 of PB2 is one of the important determinants for this avian influenza virus to cross the host species barrier and infect mice, though the replication and lethality of H5N1 influenza viruses involve multiple genes and may result from a constellation of genes. Our findings may help to explain the expansion of the host range and lethality of the H5N1 influenza viruses to humans. C1 CAAS, Harbin Vet Res Inst, Anim Influenza Lab, Minist Agr, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. CAAS, Harbin Vet Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Vet Biotechnol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Div Virol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, HL (reprint author), CAAS, Harbin Vet Res Inst, Anim Influenza Lab, Minist Agr, 427 Maduan St, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. EM hlchen1@yahoo.com; yukangzhen@agri.gov.cn OI Jiao, Peirong/0000-0001-7750-239X FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI95357] NR 30 TC 298 Z9 366 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 79 IS 18 BP 12058 EP 12064 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.18.12058-12064.2005 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 961AI UT WOS:000231633900050 PM 16140781 ER PT J AU Pavkov, ME Bennett, PH Sievers, ML Krakoff, J Williams, DE Knowler, WC Nelson, RG AF Pavkov, ME Bennett, PH Sievers, ML Krakoff, J Williams, DE Knowler, WC Nelson, RG TI Predominant effect of kidney disease on mortality in Pima Indians with or without type 2 diabetes SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Pima Indians; kidney disease; type 2 diabetes; mortality ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SERUM CREATININE; HEART-DISEASE; INSUFFICIENCY; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; RISK; PROTEINURIA AB Background. We examined the effect of kidney disease (KD) on mortality in nondiabetic and diabetic Pima Indians aged >= 45 years old. Methods. Deaths and person-years of follow-up were stratified in a time-dependent fashion into categories of (1) no proteinuria and normal serum creatinine (SCr); (2) proteinuria and normal SCr; (3) high SCr [SCr >= 133 mu mol/L (1.5 mg/dL) in men, >= 124 mu mol/L (1.4 mg/dL) in women] but not on renal replacement therapy (RRT); or (4) RRT. Results. Among 1993 subjects, 55.8% had type 2 diabetes at baseline. Overall death rates increased with declining kidney function in both the nondiabetic and diabetic subjects (P < 0.0001). Death rates were similar in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects with comparable levels of kidney function, although the number of deaths among nondiabetic subjects with advanced KD was small. Infections and malignancy were the leading causes of death in nondiabetic subjects with KD. Among diabetic subjects, overall mortality increased with diabetes duration (P= 0.0001) and was highest in those on RRT (P < 0.0001). High SCr was associated with higher death rates from cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetic nephropathy (DN), infections, and malignancy. Conclusion. Death rates increased comparably with worsening kidney function in both nondiabetic and diabetic subjects and were similar in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects without KD. KD was associated with excess mortality from DN, CVD, infections, and malignancy in diabetic subjects, and from infections in those without diabetes. C1 NIDDKD, Phoenix Epidemiol & Clin Res Branch, NIH, Phoenix, AZ 85014 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pavkov, ME (reprint author), NIDDKD, Phoenix Epidemiol & Clin Res Branch, NIH, 1550 E Indian Sch Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85014 USA. EM mpavkov@phx.niddk.nih.gov RI Nelson, Robert/B-1470-2012 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [Z01 DK069000-40] NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 68 IS 3 BP 1267 EP 1274 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00523.x PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 952RJ UT WOS:000231022900039 PM 16105060 ER PT J AU LaBeau, KM Shahangian, S AF LaBeau, KM Shahangian, S TI Prothrombin time testing practices in the Pacific northwest - Monitoring voluntary practice guidelines and indicators of quality SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Lab Qual Assurance, Shoreline, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Practice Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Genom Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP LaBeau, KM (reprint author), Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Lab Qual Assurance, Shoreline, WA USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 9 BP 551 EP 555 DI 10.1309/YE6MK65XTOQAGMPR PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 958JT UT WOS:000231441400013 ER PT J AU Shepard, CW Finelli, L Alter, M AF Shepard, CW Finelli, L Alter, M TI Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; TO-INFANT TRANSMISSION; NON-B HEPATITIS; HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS; SWISS HIV COHORT; NEW-YORK-CITY; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES AB Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and a potential cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in the future. The complexity and uncertainty related to the geographic distribution of HCV infection and chronic hepatitis C, determination of its associated risk factors, and evaluation of cofactors that accelerate its progression, underscore the difficulties in global prevention and control of HCV. Because there is no vaccine and no post-exposure prophylaxis for HCV, the focus of primary prevention efforts should be safer blood supply in the developing world, safe injection practices in health care and other settings, and decreasing the number of people who initiate injection drug use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Surveillance Sect, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shepard, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cvs8@cdc.gov RI Cheng, Yushao/E-6256-2011 NR 142 TC 1626 Z9 1709 U1 18 U2 166 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 5 IS 9 BP 558 EP 567 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70216-4 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 960AU UT WOS:000231563400018 PM 16122679 ER PT J AU Dietz, PM Callaghan, WM Morrow, B Cogswell, ME AF Dietz, PM Callaghan, WM Morrow, B Cogswell, ME TI Population-based assessment of the risk of primary cesarean delivery due to excess prepregnancy weight among nulliparous women delivering term infants SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cesarean; obesity; pregnancy complications ID BODY-MASS INDEX; MATERNAL WEIGHT; OBESITY; PREGNANCY; ASSOCIATION; GAIN; LABOR; AGE AB Objective: To estimate the risk of cesarean delivery due to excess prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) in a multistate, US population-based sample. Methods: We analyzed data from the population-based Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) on 24,423 nulliparous women with single, term infants delivered between 1998 and 2000 in 19 states. We calculated BMI from self-reported weight and height. We assessed interactions between prepregnancy BMI and other risk factors. We estimated weighted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for the association between prepregnancy BMI and cesarean section from multiple logistic regression models adjusting for demographic and medical risk factors from the PRAMS questionnaire or birth certificates. Results: The incidence of cesarean delivery increased with increased prepregnancy BMI, from 14.3% (0.8 standard error (SE)) for lean women (BMI < 19.8) to 42.6% (2.0 SE) for very obese women (BMI > 35). The risk of cesarean section differed by presence of any medical, labor and/or delivery complication. Among women with any complication, the estimated adjusted RR for cesarean delivery was 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-1.2) among overweight women, 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.4) among obese women, and 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.6) among very obese women compared with normal weight women. Among women without any complications, the estimated adjusted RR was 1.4 (95% CI 1.0-1.8) among overweight women, 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2.1) among obese women, and 3.1 (95% CI 2.3-4.8) among very obese women. Conclusion: Excess prepregnancy weight increases the risk of cesarean delivery among nulliparous women giving birth to single, term infants, especially among very obese women without any complications. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Promot, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dietz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Promot, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-23,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pad8@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 9 IS 3 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s10995-005-0003-9 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 993VD UT WOS:000233982600003 PM 16078011 ER PT J AU Klabunde, CN Vernon, SW Nadel, MR Breen, N Seeff, LC Brown, ML AF Klabunde, CN Vernon, SW Nadel, MR Breen, N Seeff, LC Brown, ML TI Barriers to colorectal cancer screening: A comparison of reports from primary care physicians and average-risk adults SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE colorectal cancer; screening; barriers; primary care; health behavior ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; RECOMMENDATIONS; PARTICIPATION; GUIDELINES; RATIONALE; PROGRAMS; SERVICES; PATIENT; UPDATE AB Background: Barriers to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening are not well understood. Objectives: We sought to compare barriers to CRC screening reported by primary care physicians (PCPs) and by average-risk adults, and to examine characteristics of average-risk adults who identified lack of provider recommendation as a major barrier to CRC screening. Research Design: This was a comparative study using data from the 1999-2000 Survey of Colorectal Cancer Screening Practices and the 2000 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Subjects: We recruited nationally representative samples of PCPs (n = 1235) from the SCCSP and average-risk adults (n = 6497) from the NHIS. Measures: We measured barriers to CRC screening identified by PCPs and average-risk adults who were not current with screening. Results: Both PCPs and average-risk adults identified lack of patient awareness and physician recommendation as key barriers to obtaining CRC screening. PCPs also frequently cited patient embarrassment/ anxiety about testing and test cost/lack of insurance coverage, but few adults identified these as major barriers. Of adults not current with testing, those who had visited a doctor in the past year or had health insurance were more likely to report lack of physician recommendation as the main reason they were not up-to-date compared with their counterparts with no doctor visit or health insurance. Only 10% of adults not current with testing and who had a doctor visit in the past year reported receiving a screening recommendation. Conclusions: A need exists for continued efforts to educate the public about CRC and the important role of screening in preventing this disease. Practice-based strategies to systematically prompt health care providers to discuss CRC screening with eligible patients also are required. C1 NCI, Appl Res Program, Hlth Serv & Econ Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Klabunde, CN (reprint author), NCI, Appl Res Program, Hlth Serv & Econ Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Execut Plaza N Room 4005,6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ck97b@nih.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA76330, R21 CA89475, R01 CA97263] NR 31 TC 181 Z9 184 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD SEP PY 2005 VL 43 IS 9 BP 939 EP 944 DI 10.1097/01.mlr.0000173599.67470.ba PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 959BU UT WOS:000231492700013 PM 16116360 ER PT J AU Page, EH Biagini, RE Beezhold, DH AF Page, EH Biagini, RE Beezhold, DH TI Methodologic issues concerning Stachyhemolysin and Stachyrase-A as clinical biomarkers SO MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR LA English DT Letter ID STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; ANTIBODIES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Page, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, INC PI ALBERTSON PA 1125 WILLIS AVE, ALBERTSON, NY 11507 USA SN 1234-1010 J9 MED SCI MONITOR JI Med. Sci. Monitor PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP LE7 EP LE8 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 965CV UT WOS:000231928500024 PM 16127370 ER PT J AU Okenu, DMN Meyer, EVS Puckett, TC Rosas-Acosta, G Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR AF Okenu, DMN Meyer, EVS Puckett, TC Rosas-Acosta, G Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR TI The reticulocyte binding proteins of Plasmodium cynomolgi: A model system for studies of P-vivax SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium cynomolgi; malaria; merozoite invasion; erythrocytes; simian models ID YOELII ADHESIVE PROTEINS; DUFFY BLOOD-GROUP; ERYTHROCYTE INVASION; RHOPTRY PROTEIN; MEROZOITE PROTEINS; FALCIPARUM HOMOLOG; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENE; PARASITE; IDENTIFICATION C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Galinski, MR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mary.galinski@emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI24710-18] NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 143 IS 1 BP 116 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.04.010 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 956YK UT WOS:000231335800014 PM 15990180 ER PT J AU Pearce, R Malisa, A Kachur, SP Barnes, K Sharp, B Roper, C AF Pearce, R Malisa, A Kachur, SP Barnes, K Sharp, B Roper, C TI Reduced variation around drug-resistant dhfr alleles in African Plasmodium falciparum SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; selective sweeps; pyrimethamine resistance ID DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; MALARIA PARASITES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION; GENETIC HITCHHIKING; SELECTIVE SWEEP; POINT MUTATION; PYRIMETHAMINE; POPULATION; TANZANIA AB We have measured microsatellite diversity at 26 markers around the dhfr gene in pyrimethamine-sensitive and -resistant parasites collected in southeast Africa. Through direct comparison with diversity on sensitive chromosomes we have found significant loss of diversity across a region of 70 kb around the most highly resistant allele which is evidence of a selective sweep attributable to selection through widespread use of pyrimethamine (in combination with sulfadoxine) as treatment for malaria. Retrospective analysis through four years of direct and continuous selection from use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as first-line malaria treatment on a Plasmodium falciparum population in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, has revealed how recombination significantly narrowed the margins of the selective sweep over time. A deterministic model incorporating selection coefficients measured during the same interval indicates that the transition was toward a state of recombination-selection equilibrium. We compared loss of diversity around the same resistance allele in two populations at either extreme of the range of entomological inoculation rates (EIRs), namely, under one infective bite per year in Mpumalanga, South Africa, and more than one per day in southern Tanzania. EIRs determine effective recombination rates and are expected to profoundly influence the dimensions of the selective sweep. Surprisingly, the dimensions were broadly consistent across both populations. We conclude that despite different recombination rates and contrasting drug selection histories in neighboring countries, the region-wide movement of resistant parasites has played a key role in the establishment of resistance in these populations and the dimensions of the selective sweep are dominated by the influence of high initial starting frequencies. C1 London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Pathogen Mol Biol Unit, Dept Infect Trop Dis, London WC1, England. Univ Morogoro, Fac Sci, Dept Biol Sci, SUA, Morogoro, Tanzania. Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cape Town, Div Clin Pharmacol, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. MRC, Malaria Res Lead Programme, Durban, South Africa. RP Pearce, R (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Pathogen Mol Biol Unit, Dept Infect Trop Dis, London WC1, England. EM richard.pearce@lshtm.ac.uk RI Roper, Cally/K-2989-2013 OI Roper, Cally/0000-0002-6545-309X FU Wellcome Trust NR 41 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1834 EP 1844 DI 10.1093/molbev/msi177 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 955OF UT WOS:000231234800009 PM 15917494 ER PT J AU Wheeler, C Vogt, TM Armstrong, GL Vaughan, G Weltman, A Nainan, OV Dato, V Xia, GL Waller, K Amon, J Lee, TM Highbaugh-Battle, A Hembree, C Evenson, S Ruta, MA Williams, IT Fiore, AE Bell, BP AF Wheeler, C Vogt, TM Armstrong, GL Vaughan, G Weltman, A Nainan, OV Dato, V Xia, GL Waller, K Amon, J Lee, TM Highbaugh-Battle, A Hembree, C Evenson, S Ruta, MA Williams, IT Fiore, AE Bell, BP TI An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with green onions SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; UNITED-STATES; FRESH PRODUCE; VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINATION; INFECTION; SURVIVAL; FOOD AB Background: In November 2003, a large hepatitis A outbreak was identified among patrons of a single Pennsylvania restaurant. We investigated the cause of the outbreak and factors that contributed to its unprecedented size. Methods: Demographic and clinical outcome data were collected from patients with laboratory confirmation of hepatitis A, and restaurant workers were tested for hepatitis A. A case-control study was conducted among patrons who dined at the restaurant between October 3 and October 6, 2003. Sequence analysis was performed on a 315-nucleotide region of viral RNA extracted from serum specimens. Results: Of 601 patients identified, 3 died; at least 124 were hospitalized. Of 425 patients who recalled a single dining date at the restaurant, 356 (84 percent) had dined there between October 3 and October 6. Among 240 patients in the case-control study, 218 had eaten mild salsa (91 percent), as compared with 45 of 130 controls (35 percent) (odds ratio, 19.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 11.0 to 34.9) for whom data were available. A total of 98 percent of patients and 58 percent of controls reported having eaten a menu item containing green onions (odds ratio, 33.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 12.8 to 86.2). All restaurant workers were tested, but none were identified who could have been the source of the outbreak. Sequences of hepatitis A virus from all 170 patients who were tested were identical. Mild salsa, which contained green onions grown in Mexico, was prepared in large batches at the restaurant and provided to all patrons. Conclusions: Green onions that were apparently contaminated before arrival at the restaurant caused this unusually large foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A. The inclusion of contaminated green onions in large batches that were served to all customers contributed to the size of the outbreak. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Student Epidemiol Elect Program, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. RP Fiore, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afiore@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 181 Z9 190 U1 1 U2 17 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 9 BP 890 EP 897 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa050855 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 959WX UT WOS:000231551100006 PM 16135833 ER PT J AU Treuth, MS Hou, NQ Young, DR Maynard, LM AF Treuth, MS Hou, NQ Young, DR Maynard, LM TI Accelerometry-measured activity or sedentary time and overweight in rural boys and girls SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE accelerometer; physical activity assessment; sedentary behavior; body composition; body fat ID HABITUAL PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT STATUS; OBESITY; RISK; AGE AB Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between overweight and physical activity or sedentary time measured by accelerometry in rural boys and girls 7 to 19 years old. Research Methods and Procedures: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 130 girls and 99 boys in elementary, middle, and high school in rural Maryland. After weight, height, and body composition were measured, children wore an Actiwatch accelerometer for 6 days. Comparisons for activity counts were made between normal and overweight or at risk for overweight (at-risk/overweight) participants (>= 85th percentile of BMI). The associations between body composition and accelerometry-defined activity levels (sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous) were analyzed by age group for boys and girls. Results: Differences in total activity in counts per day or counts per minute were not observed between normal and at-risk/overweight boys or girls in all age groups. No associations between measures of body composition and time spent in an activity level were seen in boys. Fat mass and,percentage fat were positively correlated to time spent in sedentary activity (range r = 0.42 to 0.54, all p < 0.01) for girls. In contrast, fat mass and percentage fat were negatively related to time spent in light activity (range, r -0.40 to -0.51, p < 0.05) for girls. Discussion: In girls, but not boys, greater body fat is associated with greater time spent being inactive, and lower levels of body fat are associated with more time spent in light activity. Physical activity interventions targeting inactive children in rural communities are warranted. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Treuth, MS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM mtreuth@jhsph.edu NR 36 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1606 EP 1614 DI 10.1038/oby.2005.197 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 974KC UT WOS:000232589300019 PM 16222064 ER PT J AU Branum, AM Schoendorf, KC AF Branum, AM Schoendorf, KC TI The influence of maternal age on very preterm birth of twins: differential effects by parity SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT; RISK; MORTALITY; DELIVERY; OUTCOMES AB For singleton births, parity can modify the effect of maternal age on birth outcomes such as low birthweight and preterm birth; however, it is unknown whether this relationship exists for twin births. As the rate of twin births increases among older women, it is important to understand how parity may influence the relationship between maternal age and adverse birth outcomes. The NCHS Matched Multiple Birth Data Set, which contains all twin births in the USA from 1995 to 1998, was analysed. Parity was grouped into two levels (primiparous - no prior live births, and multiparous - at least one prior live birth), and maternal age was divided into the following groups: 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, and 40 years or more. Very preterm birth was defined as births occurring before 33 weeks. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (OR) to estimate the risk of very preterm birth, and to determine the relationships between parity, maternal age, and very preterm birth. Among primiparae, women 40 years and older had a reduced risk of very preterm birth compared with women of 25-29 years (OR 0.74 [95% CI = 0.66, 0.84]). Among multiparae, women 40 years and older had the same risk of very preterm birth compared with women of 25-29 years (OR 1.00 [95% CI = 0.90, 1.12]). However, stratification by education revealed that the age gradient was limited to women with > 12 years education among primiparae. The effect of maternal age on very preterm birth of twins differs according to parity. To some extent, that effect is further modified by education. Therefore, future analyses of maternal age and twin birth outcomes should account for measures of obstetric history and other factors, which may influence these results. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant Child & Womens HLth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Branum, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant Child & Womens HLth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6113, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM ambranum@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 BP 399 EP 404 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00659.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 957SJ UT WOS:000231393300009 PM 16115292 ER PT J AU Ganley-Leal, LM Guarner, J Todd, CW Da'Dara, AA Freeman, GL Boyer, AE Harn, DA Secor, WE AF Ganley-Leal, LM Guarner, J Todd, CW Da'Dara, AA Freeman, GL Boyer, AE Harn, DA Secor, WE TI Comparison of Schistosoma mansoni irradiated cercariae and Sm23 DNA vaccines SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; murine immunity; Chistosoma mansoni; Sm23 ID INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; DRAINING LYMPH-NODES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; B-CELL; MICE; VACCINATION; INFECTION; SKIN; RESPONSES; MECHANISMS AB Immunization with defined antigens is generally less effective at inducing host protection against experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni than vaccination with attenuated infective cercariae. We predicted that quantitative and/or qualitative differences existed between the immune responses generated to attenuated cercariae and those induced by defined antigens. Thus, we compared immune responses typically associated with protection in the murine model between animals vaccinated with attenuated cercariae and mice immunized with DNA encoding Sm23, a schistosome integral membrane protein that has previously been shown to confer protection. Mice vaccinated three times with attenuated cercariae demonstrated higher levels of protection than Sm23-vaccinated animals but spleen cells from Sm23 DNA vaccinated mice produced significantly higher levels of schistosome antigen-specific IFN-gamma. Both vaccines induced similar levels of Sm23-specific antibody and post-challenge dermal inflammation. However, the pulmonary inflammatory responses following challenge were much less pronounced in DNA immunized animals compared to those receiving irradiated cercariae. Thus, although Sm23 DNA vaccination effectively induced parasite-specific IFN-gamma and antibody responses, it failed to evoke other critical responses needed for optimal vaccine efficacy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM was4@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 27 IS 9 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2005.00785.x PG 9 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 963JV UT WOS:000231801500004 PM 16149992 ER PT J AU Alves, M Xiao, LH Lemos, V Zhou, L Cama, V da Cunha, MB Matos, O Antunes, F AF Alves, M Xiao, LH Lemos, V Zhou, L Cama, V da Cunha, MB Matos, O Antunes, F TI Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in mammals and reptiles at the Lisbon Zoo SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OOCYSTS; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; RUMINANTS; WILDLIFE; CATTLE; PARVUM; POLAND AB The presence of Cryptosporidium parasites in mammals and reptiles kept at the Lisbon Zoo was investigated. A total of 274 stool samples were collected from 100 mammals and 29 reptiles. The species and genotype of the isolates identified by light microscopy were determined by nested PCR and sequence analysis of a fragment of the small subunit rRNA gene. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in one black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou), one Prairie bison (Bison bison bison) and in one Indian star tortoise (Geochelone elegans). The PCR and sequence analysis of these three isolates showed that those excreted by the Prairie bison were Cryptosporidium mouse genotype, those from the black wildebeest were from a new Cryptosporidium genotype and those infecting the Indian star tortoise were Cryptosporidium tortoise genotype. The present work reports a new Cryptosporidium genotype in a black wildebeest and the first finding of the Cryptosporidium mouse genotype in a ruminant. C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, UPMM, Unidade Protoozoarios Oportunistas BIV & Outras P, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Jardim Zool Lisboa, P-1549004 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Lisbon, Hosp Santa maria, Fac Med, Clin Univ Doencas Infecciosas, P-1649035 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Matos, O (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, UPMM, Unidade Protoozoarios Oportunistas BIV & Outras P, Rua Junqueira 96, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. EM omatos@ihmt.unl.pt RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; MATOS, OLGA/J-8859-2012; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; MATOS, OLGA/0000-0001-5793-7716; Antunes, Francisco/0000-0001-7932-1154; Alves, Margarida/0000-0001-9912-772X NR 19 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 108 EP 112 DI 10.1007/s00436-005-1384-9 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 960PE UT WOS:000231604800006 PM 15986253 ER PT J AU Shepard, CW Finelli, L Fiore, AE Bell, BP AF Shepard, CW Finelli, L Fiore, AE Bell, BP TI Epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus infection in United States children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; FOLLOW-UP; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; VACCINE; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE AB Before the era of routine hepatitis B vaccination, an estimated 24,000 children acquired hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection each year in the United States. Childhood hepatitis B immunization has led to significant declines in the incidence and prevalence of HBV infection in U.S. children. Because the greatest burden of hepatitis B is caused by complications of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis in adults who were infected with HBV as children, most of the benefits of vaccination have yet to be realized. Reaching the goal of eliminating HBV transmission to children likely will require increasing vaccination coverage, ensuring timely administration of postexposure immunoprophylaxis to prevent more perinatal infections, and continued evaluation of the impact of immunization recommendations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shepard, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cvs@cdc.gov NR 68 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 9 BP 755 EP 760 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000177279.72993.d5 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 966QR UT WOS:000232036400001 PM 16148839 ER PT J AU Grohskopf, LA Huskins, WC Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Levine, GL Goldmann, DA Jarvis, WR AF Grohskopf, LA Huskins, WC Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Levine, GL Goldmann, DA Jarvis, WR CA Pediatric Prevention Network TI Use of antimicrobial agents in United States neonatal and pediatric intensive care patients SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; neonatal intensive care units; pediatric intensive care units ID VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS; POINT-PREVALENCE SURVEY; 3RD-GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; MEDICAL-CENTER; RISK-FACTORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS AB Objective: Antimicrobial use contributes to the development of emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. There are few published data on antimicrobial use in neonatal (NICU) and pediatric ICU (PICU) patients. Methods: Personnel at 31 Pediatric Prevention Network hospitals participated in point prevalence surveys on August 4, 1999 (summer) and February 8, 2000 (winter). Data collected for all NICU and PICU inpatients included demographics, antimicrobials and indications for use and therapeutic interventions. Results: Data were reported for 2647 patients in 29 NICUs (827 patients in summer; 753 in winter) and 35 PICUs (512 patients in summer; 555 in winter). PICU patients were more likely than NICU patients to be receiving antimicrobials on the survey date (758 of 1070 (70.8%) versus 684 of 1582 (43.2%), P < 0.0001]. NICU patients were receiving a higher median number of antimicrobials (2 versus 1, P < 0.0001). The most common agents among NICU patients were gentamicin, ampicillin and vancomycin; the most common agents among PICU patients were cefazolin, vancomycin and cefotaxime. Use of aminoglycosides, aminopenicillins and topical antibacterials was significantly more common in NICU patients; first, second and third generation cephalosporins, extended spectrum penicillins, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, antianaerobic agents, systemic antifungals and systemic antivirals were more common in PICU patients. Conclusions: This is the first U.S. national multicenter description of antimicrobial use in NICUs and PICUs and demonstrates the high prevalence of antimicrobial use among these patients. Assessment strategies targeting antimicrobial use in pediatrics are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Rochester, MN USA. Natl Assoc Childrens Hosp & Related Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. Childrens Hosp, Infect Control Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Grohskopf, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lkg@cdc.gov OI Huskins, W. Charles/0000-0002-9989-175X NR 28 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 9 BP 766 EP 773 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000178064.55193.1c PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 966QR UT WOS:000232036400003 PM 16148841 ER PT J AU Dentinger, CM McMahon, BJ Butler, JC Dunaway, CE Zanis, CL Bulkow, LR Bruden, DL Nainan, OV Khristova, ML Hennessy, TW Parkinson, AJ AF Dentinger, CM McMahon, BJ Butler, JC Dunaway, CE Zanis, CL Bulkow, LR Bruden, DL Nainan, OV Khristova, ML Hennessy, TW Parkinson, AJ TI Persistence of antibody to hepatitis B and protection from disease among Alaska natives immunized at birth SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infants; hepatitis B vaccine; Alaska natives ID LONG-TERM EFFICACY; 12-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; VIRUS-INFECTION; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; BOOSTER VACCINATION; BABIES BORN; CHILDREN; RISK; INFANTS AB Background: Alaska Native (AN) children were at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection before vaccination began in 1983. We evaluated the long-term protection from hepatitis B (HB) vaccination among AN children immunized when infants. Methods: During 1984-1995, we recruited a convenience sample of AN children who had received a three dose series of FIB vaccine starting at birth and had serum antibody to hepatitis B (anti-HBs) concentrations of >= 10 mlU/mL at 7-26 months of age. We evaluated anti-HBs concentrations and the presence of anti-HBc in participants' sera every other year up to age 16 years. Anti-HB core antigen (anti -HBc)-positive specimens were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and for HBV DNA. Results: We followed 334 children for 3151 person-years (median, 10 years per child) with 1610 specimens collected. Anti-HBs concentrations dropped rapidly among all participants. Among children 2, 5 and 10 years of age, 37 of 79 (47%), 33 of 176 (19%) and 8 of 95 (8%), respectively, had anti-HBs concentrations of >= 10 mIU/mL. Receipt of recombinant vaccine was significantly associated with a more rapid antibody decline ( P < 0.001). Six (1.8%) children acquired anti-HBc, 3 of whom had definite breakthrough infections (at least 2 consecutive anti-HBc-positive specimens or at least 1 anti-HBc-positive specimen and HBV DNA detection by PCR). None of these children had detectable hepatitis B surface antigen, and none had symptoms of hepatitis. Conclusions: Anti-HBs concentrations declined over time among AN infants successfully immunized with FIB vaccine starting at birth. Transient anti-HBc appeared in a small percentage of children; however, none developed clinical signs of hepatitis or chronic HBV infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Viral Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McMahon, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM CGD1@CDC.GOV NR 37 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 9 BP 786 EP 792 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000176617.63457.9f PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 966QR UT WOS:000232036400007 PM 16148845 ER PT J AU Cohen, AL Rivara, F Marcuse, EK McPhillips, H Davis, R AF Cohen, AL Rivara, F Marcuse, EK McPhillips, H Davis, R TI Are language barriers associated with serious medical events in hospitalized pediatric patients? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE language barriers; medical errors ID ADVERSE DRUG EVENTS; RESOURCE UTILIZATION; ERRORS; EMERGENCY; CARE; INTERPRETERS; INPATIENTS; CHILDREN AB Objective. Language barriers may lead to medical errors by impeding patient-provider communication. The objective of this study was to determine whether hospitalized pediatric patients whose families have language barriers are more likely to incur serious medical errors than patients whose families do not have language barriers. Methods. A case-control study was conducted in a large, academic, regional children ' s hospital in the Pacific Northwest. Case patients (n = 97) included all hospitalizations of patients who were younger than 21 years and had a reported serious medical event from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2003. Control patients (n = 475) were chosen from hospitalizations without a reported serious medical event and were matched with case patients on age, admitting service, admission to intensive care, and date of admission. The main exposure was a language barrier defined by self- or provider-reported need for an interpreter. Serious medical events were defined as events that led to unintended or potentially adverse outcomes identified by the hospital's quality improvement staff. Results. Fourteen (14.4%) of the case patients and 53 (11.2%) of the control patients were assigned an interpreter during their hospitalization. Overall, we found no increased risk for serious medical events in patients and families who requested an interpreter compared with patients and families who did not request an interpreter ( odds ratio: 1.36; 95% confidence interval: 0.73 - 2.55). Spanish-speaking patients who requested an interpreter comprised 11 ( 11.3%) of the case patients and 26 ( 5.5%) of the control patients. This subgroup had a twofold increased risk for serious medical events compared with patients who did not request an interpreter ( odds ratio: 2.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.06 - 4.81). Conclusions. Spanish-speaking patients whose families have a language barrier seem to have a significantly increased risk for serious medical events during pediatric hospitalization compared with patients whose families do not have a language barrier. Pediatrics 2005; 116: 575 579; language barriers, medical errors. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cohen, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alcohen@u.washington.edu NR 25 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2005 VL 116 IS 3 BP 575 EP 579 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0521 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 960FW UT WOS:000231576600027 PM 16140695 ER PT J AU Williams, LJ Rasmussen, SA Flores, A Kirby, RS Edmonds, LD AF Williams, LJ Rasmussen, SA Flores, A Kirby, RS Edmonds, LD TI Decline in the prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly by race/ethnicity: 1995-2002 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE spina bifida; anencephaly; folic acid; fortification; race-ethnicity; neural tube defects ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; TEXAS-MEXICO BORDER; BIRTH-DEFECTS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; GENE POLYMORPHISMS; DIETARY-FOLATE; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC-GROUPS AB Objective. In an effort to reduce the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs), folic acid fortification of US enriched grain products was authorized by the Food and Drug Administration in March 1996 and required by January 1998. Fortification has been shown to result in an important decline in the prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly in the general US population; however, fortification's impact on specific racial/ ethnic groups has not been well described. We sought to characterize the decline in the prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly among specific racial/ ethnic groups during the transition to mandatory folic acid fortification in the United States. Methods. Data from 21 population- based birth defects surveillance systems were used to examine trends in prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly for specific racial/ethnic groups for the years 1995 - 2002. These years were divided into 3 periods: prefortification, optional fortification, and mandatory fortification. Race/ethnicity was defined as Hispanic, non- Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black. Prevalence ratios were calculated for each racial/ ethnic group by dividing the prevalence from the mandatory fortification period by the prevalence in the prefortification period. Results. The study included data on 4468 cases of spina bifida and 2625 cases of anencephaly. The prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly was highest among Hispanic births, followed by non- Hispanic white births, with the lowest prevalence among non- Hispanic black births. Significant declines in spina bifida and anencephaly were observed among Hispanic births and non- Hispanic white births. The prevalence ratio for non-Hispanic black births was of borderline significance for spina bifida and was not significant for anencephaly. Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that folic acid fortification is associated with significant decreases in the prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly among non- Hispanic white and Hispanic births. The magnitude of the reduction was similar between these 2 groups and was more pronounced for spina bifida than for anencephaly. The decline in the prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly among non- Hispanic black births did not reach statistical significance. Efforts to increase folic acid consumption for the prevention of NTDs in pregnancies among women of all races/ethnicities should be continued, and studies to identify and elucidate other risk factors for NTDs are warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skr9@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 183 Z9 197 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2005 VL 116 IS 3 BP 580 EP 586 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0592 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 960FW UT WOS:000231576600028 PM 16140696 ER PT J AU Okoro, CA Nelson, DE Mercy, JA Balluz, LS Crosby, AE Mokdad, AH AF Okoro, CA Nelson, DE Mercy, JA Balluz, LS Crosby, AE Mokdad, AH TI Prevalence of household firearms and firearm-storage practices in the 50 states and the district of Columbia: Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2002 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE firearms; children; youth; behavior; risk taking; telephone; BRFSS ID GUN OWNERSHIP; SAFE STORAGE; CHILDREN; SUICIDE; PREVENTION; INJURIES; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; RESPONSES; HANDGUNS AB Objectives. To examine the prevalence of household firearms and firearm- storage practices in the 50 states and the District of Columbia and estimate the number of children exposed to unsafe storage practices. Methods. We analyzed data from the 2002 cross- sectional Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey of 240 735 adults from randomly selected households with telephones in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Results. Nationally, 32.6% of adults reported that firearms were kept in or around their home. The prevalence of adults with household firearms ranged from 5.2% in the District of Columbia to 62.8% in Wyoming ( median: 40.8%). The prevalence of adults with loaded household firearms ranged from 1.6% in Hawaii, Massachusetts, and New Jersey to 19.2% in Alabama ( median: 7.0%), and the prevalence of adults with loaded and unlocked household firearms ranged from 0.4% in Massachusetts to 12.7% in Alabama ( median: 4.2%). Among adults with children and youth < 18 years old, the prevalence of loaded household firearms ranged from 1.0% to 13.4% ( median: 5.3%), and the prevalence of loaded and unlocked household firearms ranged from 0.3% to 7.3% ( median: 2.3%); in each instance, Massachusetts had the lowest prevalence and Alabama had the highest. Findings indicate that similar to 1.69 million ( 95% confidence interval: 1.57 - 1.82 million) children and youth in the United States < 18 years old are living with loaded and unlocked household firearms. Conclusions. Substantial state variations exist in the prevalence of household firearms and firearm- storage practices. It is vital that surveillance systems such as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System continue to monitor the prevalence of household firearms and firearm- storage practices so that future interventions to promote safe storage of firearms can be evaluated and more widely implemented based on their efficacy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Okoro, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cokoro@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2005 VL 116 IS 3 BP E370 EP E376 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0300 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 960FW UT WOS:000231576600007 PM 16140680 ER PT J AU Mendelsohn, AB Governale, L Trontell, A Seligman, P AF Mendelsohn, AB Governale, L Trontell, A Seligman, P TI Changes in isotretinoin prescribing before and after implementation of the System to Manage Accutane Related Teratogenicity (TM) (SMART (TM)) risk management program SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE isotretinoin; risk management; prescriptions; patients; acne AB Purpose To assess changes in isotretinoin prescribing following the implementation of the System to Manage Accutane Related Teratogenicity (TM) (SMART (TM)) risk management program. Methods Using nationally representative commercial data resources on prescription drug dispensing patterns, surveys of office-based physician practices, and a large, claims database from a pharmacy benefits manager (PBM), we examined the total number of isotretinoin prescriptions (new and refill), prescriber speciality, and patient characteristics (age, gender, severity of acne indication) in the year before (April 2001-March 2002) and the year following (April 2002-March 2003) implementation of the SMART (TM) program. Results In the 12-months prior to SMART (TM), 1508 000 prescriptions were dispensed for isotretinoin, declining approximately 23% to 1160 000 prescriptions in the year following SMART (TM). There was little or no change in prescriber specialty, severity of acne, and patient age and gender. Conclusion SMART (TM) may have lead to a decrease in isotretinoin prescriptions. Further research is needed to determine whether the reduced number of isotretinoin prescriptions reflects appropriate use or inhibited use resulting in loss of access to the product's benefits. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US FDA, Off Drug Safety, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mendelsohn, AB (reprint author), 5600 Fishers Lane,HFD-410,Rm 15B-23, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 14 IS 9 BP 615 EP 618 DI 10.1002/pds.1111 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 964XF UT WOS:000231913600004 PM 15892175 ER PT J AU Williamson, DF AF Williamson, DF TI Response to Stampfer commentary SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Williamson, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM drw1@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 2 IS 9 BP 922 EP 923 AR e311 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020311 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 972DG UT WOS:000232433600025 PM 16173842 ER PT J AU Goldstein, J Jacoby, E del Aguila, R Lopez, A AF Goldstein, J Jacoby, E del Aguila, R Lopez, A TI Poverty is a predictor of non-communicable disease among adults in Peruvian cities SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE overweight; obesity; Peru; non-communicable disease; socioeconomic class ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; OBESITY AB Background. Rapid health and nutrition transitional changes are resulting in greater prominence of non-communicable disease (NCD) in Latin America, particularly among the poor. Objective. The study aims to examine the extent to which NCD pxfsrevails in Peru and the socioeconomic status (SES) as a risk factor. Design. Between 1998 and 2000, health surveys and clinical assessments were completed on 2337 adults in six cities, 18 to 60 years of age. Stratified by social class, multi-staged random sampling was used. Anthropometric data, blood pressure and serum samples were collected. Results. Adjusting for age, hypertension, low HDL cholesterol, high total cholesterol and diabetes was found in 47%, 40%, 21% and 17% of women and in 44%, 38%, 27% and 19% of men, respectively. Over one quarter of the population exhibited multiple risk factors, not including overweight and obesity. Across all study sites, lowest SES revealed highest burden of NCD and appeared as an independent risk factor for associated NCD indicators. Conclusion. The high prevalence of NCD in urban areas of Peru is not only associated with excess body weight, but also with poverty itself. The greater burden of NCD in the poorest areas of society requires a better understanding of causal determinants and may have implications in terms of public health policies and interventions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Jacoby, E (reprint author), 4096 Piedmont Ave,POB 524, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. EM julig4@yahoo.com NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 800 EP 806 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.06.001 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 975CP UT WOS:000232638900017 PM 16061280 ER PT J AU Djomand, G Katzman, J DiTommaso, D Hudgens, MG Counts, GW Koblin, BA Sullivan, PS AF Djomand, G Katzman, J DiTommaso, D Hudgens, MG Counts, GW Koblin, BA Sullivan, PS TI Enrollment of racial/ethnic minorities in NIAID-funded networks of HIV vaccine trials in the United States, 1988 to 2002 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; MEDICAL-RESEARCH; PARTICIPATION; WILLINGNESS AB Objective. The purpose of this study was to analyze enrollment of racial/ethnic minorities in Phase I and Phase II HIV vaccine trials in the U.S. conducted by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)-funded networks from 1988 to 2002. Methods. A centralized database was searched for all NIAID-funded networks of HIV vaccine trial enrollment data in the U.S. from 1988 through 2002. The authors reviewed data from Phase I or Phase II preventive HIV vaccine trials that included HIV-1 uninfected participants at low to moderate or high risk for HIV infection based on self-reported risk behaviors. Of 66 identified trials, 55 (52 Phase 1, 3 Phase 11) met selection criteria and were used for analyses. Investigators extracted data on participant demographics using statistical software. Results. A total of 3,731 volunteers enrolled in U.S. NIAID-funcled network HIV vaccine trials from 1988 to 2002. Racial/ethnic minority participants represented 17% of the overall enrollment. By pooling data across all NIAID-funded networks from 1988 to 2002, the proportion of racial/ethnic minority participants was significantly greater (Fisher's exact test p-value < 0.001) in Phase II trials (278/1,061 or 26%) than in Phase I trials (347/2,670 or 13%). By generalized estimating equations, the proportion of minorities in Phase I trials increased overtime (p=0.017), indicating a significant increase in racial/ethnic minority participants from 1988 to 2002. Conclusions. There has been a gradual increase in racial/ethnic minority participation in NIAID-funcled network HIV vaccine trials in the U.S. since 1988. In the light of recent efficacy trial results, it is essential to continue to increase the enrollment of diverse populations in HIV vaccine research. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Djomand, G (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, HIV Vaccine Trials Network, J3-100 POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM gdjomand@hvtn.org RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 U01 AI46747] NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 120 IS 5 BP 543 EP 548 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 959JI UT WOS:000231513600010 PM 16224987 ER PT J AU de Groot, DMG Hartgring, S van de Horst, L Moerkens, M Otto, M Bos-Kuijpers, MHM Kaufmann, WSH Lammers, JHCM O'Callaghan, JP Waalkens-Berendsen, IDH Pakkenberg, B Gundersen, HG AF de Groot, DMG Hartgring, S van de Horst, L Moerkens, M Otto, M Bos-Kuijpers, MHM Kaufmann, WSH Lammers, JHCM O'Callaghan, JP Waalkens-Berendsen, IDH Pakkenberg, B Gundersen, HG TI 2D and 3D assessment of neuropathology in rat brain after prenatal exposure to methylazoxymethanol, a model for developmental neurotoxicty SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Conference of the European-Teratology-Society (ETS) CY SEP 03-07, 2005 CL Haarlem, NETHERLANDS SP European Teratol Soc DE rat; methylazoxymethanol; developmental neurotoxicity; linear morphometry; stereology; neuron numbers; hippocampus; cerebellum ID PATHOLOGICAL RESEARCH; ECTOPIC NEURONS; HIPPOCAMPUS; DIAGNOSIS AB To evaluate the ability of a tiered quantitative morphological approach to reveal developmental neurotoxicity, morphometric parameters were measured in the offspring of rats treated with methylazoxymethanol (MAM) during days 13-15 of pregnancy. Treatment was aimed at inhibiting the proliferation phase of hippocampal neurons while leaving cerebellar neurons unaffected. 2D and 3D assessment of brain morphology combined with straightforward measurement of brain size, weight and volume, and the usefulness of estimation of total neuron numbers were studied. Each tier indicated major effects of MAM, from macroscopic effects in the cerebrum (first tier) to a considerable loss of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer (third tier). The cerebellum and the number of cerebellar granular neurons were not changed. Along with each step of the proposed tiered approach (brain size -> linear morphometry -> stereology), the discriminative strength of the endpoints, and thus the probability to pinpoint the extent and location of developmental brain lesions increased. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 TNO, Qual Life, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. Res Lab Stereol & Neurosci, Copenhagen, Denmark. Aarhus Univ, Stereol & Electron Microscopy Res Lab, Aarhus, Denmark. RP de Groot, DMG (reprint author), TNO, Qual Life, Utrechtseweg 48,POB 360, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. EM degroot@chemie.tno.nl RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 417 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.04.006 PG 16 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 949RG UT WOS:000230805200014 PM 15964739 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Shisler, JL Yore, MM Caspersen, CJ AF Fulton, JE Shisler, JL Yore, MM Caspersen, CJ TI Active transportation to school: Findings from a national survey SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Article DE adolescents; bicycling; children; walking ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; TRAVEL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fulton, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jkf2@cdc.gov RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009; Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012 OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219 NR 31 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD SEP PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3 BP 352 EP 357 PG 6 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 969VP UT WOS:000232263800012 PM 16270712 ER PT J AU Gift, TL Malotte, K Ledsky, R Hogben, M Middlestadt, S Vandevanter, NL Lawrence, JSS AF Gift, TL Malotte, K Ledsky, R Hogben, M Middlestadt, S Vandevanter, NL Lawrence, JSS CA GCAP Study Grp TI A cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions to increase repeat testing in patients treated for gonorrhea or chlamydia at public sexually transmitted disease clinics SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; INCREMENTAL COST; WOMEN; AZITHROMYCIN; SPECIMENS; DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE; FEMALE AB Background: Persons who have been infected with chlamydia or gonorrhea (CT/GC) are at elevated risk for reinfection. The cost-effectiveness of interventions designed to encourage public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients to return for rescreening has not been well-evaluated. Goal: The goal of this study was to conduct a program- and societal-perspective cost-effectiveness analysis of five interventions designed to encourage public STD clinic patients infected with CT/GC to return for rescreening 3 months after initial treatment. Study: Researchers at two STD clinics collected cost data for the five interventions. These were combined with study data on return rates and CT/GC positivity rates among returning patients to compare the cost-effectiveness of the interventions. Results: The cost per patient counseled with a brief recommendation to return, followed by a telephone reminder after 3 months, was higher than two interventions: a brief recommendation to return with no reminder and a $20 incentive, received on return. However, the brief recommendation with a telephone reminder yielded the highest return rate (33%) and was the least costly in terms of cost per infection treated ($622 program, $813 societal). In-depth motivational counseling that helped clients identify risk factors and provided reasons for returning was more costly than a phone reminder alone and was not more effective. Conclusions: Phone reminders are more cost-effective than motivational counseling and improve return rates over a brief recommendation given at the time of initial treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. RP Gift, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tgift@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 32 IS 9 BP 542 EP 549 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000175414.80023.59 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 960GU UT WOS:000231579400005 PM 16118602 ER PT J AU Carroll, DS Bradley, RD AF Carroll, DS Bradley, RD TI Systematics of the genus Sigmodon: DNA sequences from beta-fibrinogen and cytochrome b SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL; PHYLOGENETICS; WOODPECKERS; CONFIDENCE; BOOTSTRAP; RODENTIA; MURIDAE; NUCLEAR; INTRON AB Nucleotide sequences from intron 7 of the beta-fibrinogen gene (Fgb-17) were used to evaluate phylogenetic relationships among members of the genus Sigmodon. In addition, these sequences were combined with mitochondrial cytochrome-b sequences and analyzed from a total evidence perspective. Results from parsimony and Bayesian analyses indicated support for 3 species groups (alstoni, fulviventer and hispidus). A sister relationship was depicted for S. alleni and S. hirsutus, followed by the addition of S. toltecus; however, little resolution was provided for relationships between other members of the hispidus species group. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Museum, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Bradley, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, 100 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM robert.bradley@ttu.edu NR 39 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 342 EP 349 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0342:SOTGSD]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 960TS UT WOS:000231616700008 ER PT J AU Howard, TD Giles, WH Xu, JF Wozniak, MA Malarcher, AM Lange, LA Macko, RF Basehore, MJ Meyers, DA Cole, JW Kittner, SJ AF Howard, TD Giles, WH Xu, JF Wozniak, MA Malarcher, AM Lange, LA Macko, RF Basehore, MJ Meyers, DA Cole, JW Kittner, SJ TI Promoter polymorphisms in the nitric oxide synthase 3 gene are associated with ischemic stroke susceptibility in young black women SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE genetics; nitric oxide; women and minorities; young, stroke in ID NITRIC-OXIDE; RISK-FACTORS; L-ARGININE; DISEASE; MEN; AGGREGATION; ADULTS AB Background and Purpose - Endothelial nitric oxide exerts a variety of protective effects on endothelial cells and blood vessels, and therefore the nitric oxide synthase 3 gene (NOS3) is a logical candidate gene for stroke susceptibility. Methods - We used the population-based Stroke Prevention in Young Women case-control study to assess the association of five NOS3 polymorphisms in 110 cases (46% black) with ischemic stroke and 206 controls (38% black), 15 to 44 years of age. Polymorphisms included 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region (-1468 T>A, -922 G>A, -786 T>C), 1 SNP in exon 7 (G894T), and 1 insertion/deletion polymorphism within intron 4. Results - Significant associations with both the -922 G>A and -786 T>C SNPs with ischemic stroke were observed in the black, but not the white, population. This association was attributable to an increased prevalence of the -922 A allele (OR=3.0, 95% CI=1.3 to 6.8; P=0.005) and the - 786 T allele (OR=2.9, 95% CI=1.3 to 6.4; P=0.005) in cases versus controls. These 2 SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium (D '=1.0), making it impossible to determine, within the confines of this genetic study, whether 1 or both of these polymorphisms are functionally related to NOS3 expression. Two sets of haplotypes were also identified, 1 of which may confer an increased susceptibility to stroke in blacks, whereas the other appears to be protective. Conclusion - Promoter variants in NOS3 may be associated with ischemic stroke susceptibility among young black women. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genom, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Baltimore Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kittner, SJ (reprint author), UMAB, Bressler Bldg,Rm 12-006,655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM skittner@umaryland.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 165001]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS045012, R01 NS45012]; PHS HHS [P60 12583] NR 18 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1848 EP 1851 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000177978.97428.53 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 958JR UT WOS:000231441200012 PM 16100023 ER PT J AU Tellez, RT Chacon, PM Abarca, CR Blount, BC Van Landingham, CB Crump, KS Gibbs, JP AF Tellez, RT Chacon, PM Abarca, CR Blount, BC Van Landingham, CB Crump, KS Gibbs, JP TI Long-term environmental exposure to perchlorate through drinking water and thyroid function during pregnancy and the neonatal period SO THYROID LA English DT Article ID IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS; URINARY IODINE; MATERNAL HYPOTHYROXINEMIA; CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; AREA; SUPPLEMENTATION; EXCRETION; SERUM; HYPOTHYROIDISM; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB We have conducted a longitudinal epidemiologic study among pregnant women from three cities in northern Chile: Taltal with 114 mu g/L, Chanaral with 6 mu g/L, and Antofagasta with 0.5 mu g/L perchlorate in the public drinking water. We tested the hypothesis that long-term exposure to perchlorate at these levels may cause a situation analogous to iodine deficiency, thus causing increases in thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and decreased levels of free thyroxine (FT4), in either the mother during the early stages of gestation or the neonate at birth, or in the fetus cause growth retardation. We found no increases in Tg or TSH and no decreases in FT4 among either the women during early pregnancy (16.1 +/- 4.1 weeks), late pregnancy (32.4 +/- 3.0 weeks), or the neonates at birth related to perchlorate in drinking water. Neonatal birth weight, length, and head circumference were not different among the three cities and were consistent with current U.S. norms. Therefore, perchlorate in drinking water at 114 mu g/L did not cause changes in neonatal thyroid function or fetal growth retardation. Median urinary iodine among the entire cohort was 269 mu g/L, intermediate between that of pregnant women in the United States at National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I and at NHANES III and consistent with current World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Median breast milk iodine was not decreased in the cities with detectable perchlorate. Analysis of maternal urinary perchlorate excretion indicates an additional dietary source of perchlorate. C1 Hosp Dr Sotero del Rio, Med Serv, Puente Alto, Chile. Pontificia Univ Catolica, Hosp Dr Sotero del Rio, Santiago, Chile. Pontificia Univ Catolica, Fac Med, Santiago, Chile. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Environ Hlth Sci Inst, Ruston, LA USA. Kerr McGee Shared Serv LLC, Hlth Management Div, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Gibbs, JP (reprint author), POB 25861, Oklahoma City, OK 73125 USA. EM jpgibbs@kmg.com NR 49 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 9 BP 963 EP 975 DI 10.1089/thy.2005.15.963 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 975FW UT WOS:000232647400001 PM 16187904 ER PT J AU Pohl, HR AF Pohl, H. R. TI Risk assessment of pesticides in simple mixtures SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 158 SU 1 BP S73 EP S73 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA V44GT UT WOS:000202991900153 ER PT J AU B'Hymer, C Keil, DE Cheever, KL AF B'Hymer, C Keil, DE Cheever, KL TI A test procedure for the determination of (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid in urine from jet fuel-exposed mice SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE GC-MS; glycol ethers; jet fuel; JP-8; (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid; MEAA ID GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACETIC-ACID; METABOLISM; RAT; WATER; 2-METHOXYETHANOL; QUANTIFICATION; ENANTIOMERS AB A test procedure for the determination of (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid (MEAA) was adapted and applied to urine samples from jet fuel (JP-8)-exposed mice using capillary gas chromatography with a mass selective detector (MSD). MEAA is a metabolite and proposed biomarker for exposure to 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol, a glycol ether component in the formulation of JP-8. The collected urine samples were spiked with deuterated butoxyacetic acid internal standard, and extracted with ethyl acetate, and esterified with ethanol and sulfuric acid, and the esters of the glycol ethers were extracted with methylene chloride. The chromatographic conditions used easily separate the MEAA ethyl ester from interferences within mouse urine. The application of this procedure to urine samples collected from mice demonstrated that MEAA was detectable after oral (2000 mg/kg) or dermal (50 mu L) exposure for 7 days to JP-8 at levels as high as 8.5 or 6.5 mu g/mL, respectively. This pilot demonstration indicated that total urinary MEAA was a viable biomarker for the two routes of JP-8 exposure in laboratory mice. C1 Taft Lab, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Agr & Immunotoxicol Grp, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP B'Hymer, C (reprint author), Taft Lab, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cbhymer@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1080/153765291009976 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 973NJ UT WOS:000232529600008 PM 20021058 ER PT J AU Zou, S Notari, EP Fujii, KE Schonberger, LB Dodd, RY AF Zou, S Notari, EP Fujii, KE Schonberger, LB Dodd, RY TI An update on the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease look-back study SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 15-18, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Amer Red Cross, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM zous@usa.redcross.org NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 SU S BP 32A EP 32A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 963ME UT WOS:000231807600105 ER PT J AU Kolk, DP Crose, J Lanciotti, R Hyland, C Sabino, E Vinelli, E Mimms, L Tobler, LH Giachetti, C Busch, M Linnen, JM AF Kolk, DP Crose, J Lanciotti, R Hyland, C Sabino, E Vinelli, E Mimms, L Tobler, LH Giachetti, C Busch, M Linnen, JM TI Development and characterization of a dengue virus nucleic acid test suitable for high-throughput blood screening SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 15-18, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Gen Probe Inc, San Diego, CA USA. CDC, Ft Collins, CO USA. Australian Red Cross Soc, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Blood Ctr Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Honduran Red Cross, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. EM danielk@gen-probe.com RI Sabino, Ester/F-7750-2010 OI Sabino, Ester/0000-0003-2623-5126 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 SU S BP 103A EP 103A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 963ME UT WOS:000231807600358 ER PT J AU Tobler, LH Shyamala, V Saldanha, J Cameron, C Lanciotti, R Smith, R Munneke, B Walsh, I Phelps, BH Chien, D Busch, MP AF Tobler, LH Shyamala, V Saldanha, J Cameron, C Lanciotti, R Smith, R Munneke, B Walsh, I Phelps, BH Chien, D Busch, MP TI West Nile Virus (WNV) viral load comparison study SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 15-18, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. Chiron Corp, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. Roche Mol Syst Inc, Pleasanton, CA USA. Canadian Blood Serv, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM ltobler@bloodsystems.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 SU S BP 149A EP 149A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 963ME UT WOS:000231807600524 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Yorita, KY Holman, R Strong, DM AF Kuehnert, MJ Yorita, KY Holman, R Strong, DM TI Tissue oversight in hospitals: The buck stops where? SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 15-18, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Puget Sound Blood Ctr, NW Tissue Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. AABB, AABB Tissue Task Force, Bethesda, MD USA. EM mkuehnert@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 SU S BP 187A EP 187A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 963ME UT WOS:000231807600650 ER PT J AU Critchley, J Addiss, D Ejere, H Gamble, C Garner, P Gelband, H AF Critchley, J Addiss, D Ejere, H Gamble, C Garner, P Gelband, H CA Int Filariasis Rev Grp TI Albendazole for the control and elimination of lymphatic filariasis: systematic review SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE lymphatic filariasis; albendazole; systematic review; mass drug administration ID WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; INTESTINAL HELMINTH; HAITIAN CHILDREN; IVERMECTIN; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; COMBINATION; EFFICACY; INFECTIONS AB OBJECTIVES The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis recommends albendazole in combination with other antifilarial drugs. This systematic review examines albendazole in treatment and control of lymphatic filariasis. DATA SOURCES The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE and EMBASE to April 2005; contacting experts, international organisations and drug manufacturers. METHODS Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials included; two reviewers independently assessed eligibility, quality, and extracted data. We calculated the relative risk of microfilaraemia (mf) prevalence using fixed effect, or random effects model in case of heterogeneity. RESULTS Six trials met inclusion criteria. Three trials compared albendazole with placebo: no effect was demonstrated on mf prevalence, but density was lower in one of the three studies at 6 months. Three trials added albendazole to ivermectin, with no demonstrable effect; prevalence tended to be lower at 4-6 months but not at 12 months (4-6 months; RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.39, n = 255, 2 trials; 12 months: RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.13, n = 348, 2 trials). Mf density was significantly lower in two of the three trials; one of two trials measuring density at 12 months showed a difference. Three trials added albendazole to diethylcarbamazine; two were small trials with no difference demonstrated; the third study tended to favour combination at 6 months (RR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.21, n = 491), with a significant difference for density. CONCLUSIONS The effect of albendazole against adult and larval filarial parasites, alone and in combination with other antifilarial drugs, deserves further rigorous research. C1 Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Int Hlth Res Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Liverpool, Ctr Med Stat & Hlth Evaluat, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Critchley, J (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Int Hlth Res Grp, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. EM juliac@liv.ac.uk; dga1@cdc.gov; hodejere2000@yahoo.com; c.gamble@liv.ac.uk; pgarner@liv.ac.uk; hgelband@aol.com OI Garner, Paul/0000-0002-0607-6941 NR 14 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD SEP PY 2005 VL 10 IS 9 BP 818 EP 825 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01458.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 959II UT WOS:000231511000002 PM 16135187 ER PT J AU Murphy, TD Grandpre, J Novick, SL Seys, SA Harris, RW Musgrave, K AF Murphy, TD Grandpre, J Novick, SL Seys, SA Harris, RW Musgrave, K TI West Nile virus infection among health-fair participants, Wyoming 2003: Assessment of symptoms and risk factors SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; symptoms; seroprevalence; serosurvey; Wyoming ID NEW-YORK; ENCEPHALITIS; ANTIBODY; AREA AB Wyoming experienced heavy West Nile virus (WNV) activity for the first time in 2003 and the area hardest hit was Goshen County. Little was known about the epidemiology of WNV in this region. This study describes the symptornatology of WNV and the association between certain behaviors and infection in Goshen County. Study participants were recruited from attendees of a health-fair sponsored by a local hospital, held October 1-3, 2003. A blood sample for WNV testing was obtained from each participant, and participants completed a questionnaire seeking information about the presence of specified symptoms consistent with WNV infection and risk factors possibly associated with infection. The samples were tested for anti-WNV IgM and IgG at the Wyoming Public Health Laboratory. Eight-hundred sixty-nine residents of Goshen County participated, and 122 (14.0%) were seropositive for anti-WNV IgM or IgG. Sixty (59.4%) of 101 persons seropositive for anti-WNV IgM experienced at least one symptom in the previous 4 months consistent with WNV infection, compared with 323 (43.2%) of 747 seronegative persons, resulting in an attributable risk of WNV seropositivity of 16.2%. Of the many symptoms queried, muscle aches (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.69-4.09), skin rash (OR 6.35, 95% Cl 3.74-10.80), fever (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.50-4.36), and muscle weakness (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.34-4.02) were significantly associated with seropositivity on univariate analysis. By multivariate analysis, only skin rash remained significant. Risk factor analysis showed those spending >= 3 hours outside per day were more likely to be seropositive than those spending less time outside per day (p < 0.05). This study corroborates the belief that a minority of persons infected with WNV develop symptoms attributable to WNV, and also demonstrates that some symptoms are more significantly associated with infection than others. C1 Wyoming Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Prevent Hlth & Safety Div, Cheyenne, WY USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Wyoming Publ Hlth Lab, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. RP Murphy, TD (reprint author), Wyoming Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, 2300 Capitol Ave,Hathaway Bldg,Rm 424, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. EM tmurph@state.wy.us FU ODCDC CDC HHS [CCU816789-04] NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 246 EP 251 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.246 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 970ED UT WOS:000232287100005 PM 16187893 ER PT J AU Montgomery, SP Chow, CC Smith, SW Marfin, AA O'Leary, DR Campbell, GL AF Montgomery, SP Chow, CC Smith, SW Marfin, AA O'Leary, DR Campbell, GL TI Rhabdomyolysis in patients with West Nile encephalitis and meningitis SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; rhabdomyolysis; encephalitis ID VIRUS-INFECTION; RENAL-FAILURE; MYOSITIS; OUTBREAK AB Since 1999, more than 6,500 cases of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease (WNND) have been reported in the United States. Patients with WNND can present with muscle weakness that is often assumed to be of neurological origin. During 2002, nearly 3,000 persons with WNV meningitis or encephalitis (or both) were reported in the United States; in suburban Cook County, Illinois, with 244 persons were hospitalized for WNV illnesses. The objective of this investigation was to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of identified cases of WNV neuroinvasive disease and rhabdomyolysis. Public health officials investigated patients hospitalized in Cook County, and identified a subset of WNV neuroinvasive disease patients with elevated creatine kinase levels. Cases were defined as hospitalized persons with a WNV infection, encephalitis or meningitis, and rhabdomyolysis. Retrospective medical record reviews were conducted and data was abstracted with a standardized data collection instrument. Eight patients with West Nile encephalitis and one with West Nile meningitis were identified with rhabdomyolysis. Median age of the nine patients was 70 years (range, 45-85 years), and eight were men. For all nine patients, the peak CK level was documented a median of 2 days after hospitalization (range, 1-24 days). Median CK level during hospitalization for all case-patients was 3,037 IU (range, 1,153-42,113 IU). Six patients had history of recent falls prior to admission. Although the temporal relationship of rhabdomyolysis and neurological WNV illness suggested a common etiology, these patients presented with complex clinical conditions which may have led to development of rhabdomyolysis from other causes. The spectrum of WNV disease requires further investigation to describe this and other clinical conditions associated with WNV infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,CDC,Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. Cook Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Oak Pk, IL USA. RP Montgomery, SP (reprint author), CDC, DBMD, FDDB, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SMontgomery@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.252 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 970ED UT WOS:000232287100006 PM 16187894 ER PT J AU Dietrich, G Montenieri, JA Panella, NA Langevin, S Lasater, SE Klenk, K Kile, JC Komar, N AF Dietrich, G Montenieri, JA Panella, NA Langevin, S Lasater, SE Klenk, K Kile, JC Komar, N TI Serologic evidence of West Nile virus infection in free-ranging mammals, Slidell, Louisiana, 2002 SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; mammal; Louisiana ID NEW-JERSEY; SQUIRRELS AB After an outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) infections in Slidell, Louisiana, in 2002, we detected neutralizing antibodies to WNV in 13 of 120 mammals, representing five of six species sampled. Seroprevalence was measured in opossum, Didelphis virginiana (75%, n = 8), raccoons, Procyon lotor (60%. n = 5), black rats, Rattus rattus (6%, n = 36), hispid cotton rats, Sigmodon hispidus (4%, n = 24), and eastern gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis (2%, n = 43). C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM nck6@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 288 EP 292 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.288 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 970ED UT WOS:000232287100011 PM 16187899 ER PT J AU Kong, QZ Huang, SH Zou, WQ Vanegas, D Wang, ML Wu, D Yuan, J Zheng, MJ Bai, H Deng, HY Chen, K Jenny, AL O'Rourke, K Belay, ED Schonberger, LB Petersen, RB Sy, MS Chen, SG Gambetti, P AF Kong, QZ Huang, SH Zou, WQ Vanegas, D Wang, ML Wu, D Yuan, J Zheng, MJ Bai, H Deng, HY Chen, K Jenny, AL O'Rourke, K Belay, ED Schonberger, LB Petersen, RB Sy, MS Chen, SG Gambetti, P TI Chronic wasting disease of elk: Transmissibility to humans examined by transgenic mouse models SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; CWD; transmissibility to humans; transgenic mice; prion; cervids; deer; elk; species barrier ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; MULE DEER; PRION STRAINS; VARIANT CJD; SCRAPIE; PROTEIN AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease affecting free-ranging and captive cervids ( deer and elk), is widespread in the United States and parts of Canada. The large cervid population, the popularity of venison consumption, and the apparent spread of the CWD epidemic are likely resulting in increased human exposure to CWD in the United States. Whether CWD is transmissible to humans, as has been shown for bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( the prion disease of cattle), is unknown. We generated transgenic mice expressing the elk or human prion protein (PrP) in a PrP-null background. After intracerebral inoculation with elk CWD prion, two lines of "humanized" transgenic mice that are susceptible to human prions failed to develop the hallmarks of prion diseases after > 657 and > 756 d, respectively, whereas the "cervidized" transgenic mice became infected after 118 - 142 d. These data indicate that there is a substantial species barrier for transmission of elk CWD to humans. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Dev & Mol Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gambetti, P (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM pxg13@case.edu RI Petersen, Robert/B-5075-2011; Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013; Chen, Shu/O-4750-2014 OI Petersen, Robert/0000-0002-3154-0072; Chen, Shu/0000-0001-7180-3001 FU CSP VA [UR8 CU515004]; NIA NIH HHS [1P01 AG14359-06, P01 AG014359] NR 25 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD AUG 31 PY 2005 VL 25 IS 35 BP 7944 EP 7949 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2467-05.2005 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 960BL UT WOS:000231565100007 PM 16135751 ER PT J AU Ash, DH Barr, JR Driskell, WJ Aston, L AF Ash, DH Barr, JR Driskell, WJ Aston, L TI Multi-analyte method for quantification of sulfur mustard metabolites by isotope dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dna6@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 101-ANYL BP U222 EP U222 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300424 ER PT J AU Ashley, DL AF Ashley, DL TI Properties that alter the levels of carcinogenic compounds in tobacco and tobacco smoke SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dla1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 32-TOXI BP U1844 EP U1844 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303699 ER PT J AU Ashley, DL AF Ashley, DL TI Preparing for chemical terrorism response at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dla1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 78-CINF BP U1033 EP U1033 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302074 ER PT J AU Blount, BC AF Blount, BC TI Development and application of methods for quantifying human exposure to perchlorate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Suwanee, GA 30024 USA. EM bkb3@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 82-ENVR BP U1539 EP U1539 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303082 ER PT J AU Keith, SL Moffett, DB Wohlers, DW Rosemond, ZA AF Keith, SL Moffett, DB Wohlers, DW Rosemond, ZA TI Toxicological information for tungsten SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 CDC, ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Env Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. EM skeith@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 58-GEOC BP U1742 EP U1742 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303492 ER PT J AU Pierce, CL Barr, JR Woolfitt, AR Moura, H Shaw, EI Thompson, HA Fernandez, FM AF Pierce, CL Barr, JR Woolfitt, AR Moura, H Shaw, EI Thompson, HA Fernandez, FM TI Coxiella burnetii proteomics identification by MALDI-TOF MS and PLS-DA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM CYoung@cdc.gov RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 478-ANYL BP U403 EP U404 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300791 ER PT J AU Dembek, ZF Hadler, JL Castrodale, L Funk, B Fiore, AE Openo, K Boaz, K Vogt, T George, P Kuhnert, W Ricotta, D Nainan, O Williams, IT Bell, BP AF Dembek, ZF Hadler, JL Castrodale, L Funk, B Fiore, AE Openo, K Boaz, K Vogt, T George, P Kuhnert, W Ricotta, D Nainan, O Williams, IT Bell, BP TI Positive test results for acute hepatitis A virus infection among persons with no recent history of acute Hepatitis - United States, 2002-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 453-456, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RISK-FACTORS; PERSISTENCE C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK USA. CDC, Div Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dembek, ZF (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 24 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 8 BP 894 EP 896 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 957JM UT WOS:000231366100009 ER PT J AU Armour, BS Woollery, T Malarcher, A Pechacek, TF Husten, C AF Armour, BS Woollery, T Malarcher, A Pechacek, TF Husten, C TI Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses - United States, 1997-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 625-628, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Armour, BS (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 17 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 7 BP 788 EP 789 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 955LI UT WOS:000231227000008 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Langmaid, G Helmick, CG Bolen, J Kim, I Shih, M Brady, TJ Sniezek, J AF Hootman, JM Langmaid, G Helmick, CG Bolen, J Kim, I Shih, M Brady, TJ Sniezek, J TI Monitoring progress in arthritis management - United States and 25 states, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 484-488, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 17 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 7 BP 789 EP 790 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 955LI UT WOS:000231227000009 ER PT J AU Zhou, FJ Harpaz, R Jumaan, AO Winston, CA Shefer, A AF Zhou, FJ Harpaz, R Jumaan, AO Winston, CA Shefer, A TI Impact of varicella vaccination on health care utilization SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HOSPITALIZATIONS; CHILDREN; ZOSTER; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTIONS; MORTALITY; DECLINE; ERA AB Context Since varicella vaccine was first recommended for routine immunization in the United States in 1995, the incidence of disease has dropped substantially. However, national surveillance data are incomplete, and comprehensive data regarding outpatient as well as hospital utilization have not been reported. Objective To examine the impact of the varicella vaccination program on medical visits and associated expenditures. Design, Setting, and Patients Retrospective population-based study examining the trends in varicella health care utilization, based on data from the MarketScan databases, which include enrollees (children and adults) of more than 100 health insurance plans of approximately 40 large US employers, from 1994 to 2002. Main Outcome Measures Trends in rates of varicella-related hospitalizations and ambulatory visits and direct medical expenditures for hospitalizations and ambulatory visits, analyzed using 1994 and 1995 as the prevaccination baseline. Results From the prevaccination period to 2002, hospitalizations due to varicella declined by 88% (from 2.3 to 0.3 per 100000 population) and ambulatory visits declined by 59% (from 215 to 89 per 100000 population). Hospitalizations and ambulatory visits declined in all age groups, with the greatest declines among infants younger than 1 year. Total estimated direct medical expenditures for varicella hospitalizations and ambulatory visits declined by 74%, from an average of $84.9 million in 1994 and 1995 to $22.1 million in 2002. Conclusion Since the introduction of the varicella vaccination program, varicella hospitalizations, ambulatory visits, and their associated expenditures have declined dramatically among all age groups in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zhou, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM faz1@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 125 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 17 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 7 BP 797 EP 802 DI 10.1001/jama.294.7.797 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 955LI UT WOS:000231227000019 PM 16106004 ER PT J AU Engelgau, MM AF Engelgau, MM TI Trying to predict the future for people with diabetes: A tough but important task SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ONSET; ARCHIMEDES; METFORMIN; ADULTS; TRIAL; NIDDM; MODEL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Engelgau, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mengelgau@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 16 PY 2005 VL 143 IS 4 BP 301 EP 302 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 955PA UT WOS:000231237100007 PM 16103474 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ AF Alter, MJ TI Integrating risk history screening and HCV testing into clinical and public health settings SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID C-VIRUS-INFECTION; SERVICES TASK-FORCE; HEPATITIS-C; RECOMMENDATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop D-66, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mja2@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 4 BP 576 EP + PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 956XQ UT WOS:000231333800005 PM 16127948 ER PT J AU Ioannidis, JPA Bernstein, J Boffetta, P Danesh, J Dolan, S Hartge, P Hunter, D Inskip, P Jarvelin, MR Little, J Maraganore, DM Bishop, JAN O'Brien, TR Petersen, G Riboli, E Seminara, D Taioli, E Uitterlinden, AG Vineis, P Winn, DM Salanti, G Higgins, JPT Khoury, MJ AF Ioannidis, JPA Bernstein, J Boffetta, P Danesh, J Dolan, S Hartge, P Hunter, D Inskip, P Jarvelin, MR Little, J Maraganore, DM Bishop, JAN O'Brien, TR Petersen, G Riboli, E Seminara, D Taioli, E Uitterlinden, AG Vineis, P Winn, DM Salanti, G Higgins, JPT Khoury, MJ TI A network of investigator networks in human genome epidemiology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; genome; meta-analysis; multicenter studies ID GENETIC ASSOCIATION; METAANALYSIS; PUBLICATION; TRIALS AB The task of identifying genetic determinants for complex, multigenetic diseases is hampered by small studies, publication and reporting biases, and lack of common standards worldwide. The authors propose the creation of a network of networks that include groups of investigators collecting data for human genome epidemiology research. Twenty-three networks of investigators addressing specific diseases or research topics and representing several hundreds of teams have already joined this initiative. For each field, the authors are currently creating a core registry of teams already participating in the respective network. A wider international registry will include all other teams also working in the same field. Independent investigators are invited to join the registries and existing networks and to join forces in creating additional ones as needed. The network of networks aims to register these networks, teams, and investigators; be a resource for information about or connections to the many networks; off er methodological support; promote sound design and standardization of analytical practices; generate inclusive overviews of fields at large; facilitate rapid confirmation of findings; and avoid duplication of effort. C1 Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, Gene Environm Epidemiol Grp, F-69372 Lyon, France. Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England. March Dimes, White Plains, NY USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England. Univ Oulu, Dept Publ Hlth Sci & Gen Practice, Oulu, Finland. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Rochester, MN USA. CR UK Clin Ctr, Genet Epidemiol Div, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, Unit Nutr & Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Rockville, MD USA. Osped Policlin, IRCCS, Mol & Genet Epidemiol Unit, Milan, Italy. Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. ISI Fdn, Turin, Italy. Univ Cambridge, Biostat Unit, MRC, Cambridge, England. Strangeways Res Lab, Publ Hlth Genet Unit, Cambridge CB1 4RN, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ioannidis, JPA (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. EM jioannid@cc.uoi.gr RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Higgins, Julian/H-4008-2011; OI Higgins, Julian/0000-0002-8323-2514; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta/0000-0002-2149-0630; Newton Bishop, Julia/0000-0001-9147-6802 NR 11 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 4 BP 302 EP 304 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi201 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 954JE UT WOS:000231150600002 PM 16014777 ER PT J AU Tebbens, RJD Pallansch, MA Kew, OM Caceres, VM Sutter, RW Thompson, KM AF Tebbens, RJD Pallansch, MA Kew, OM Caceres, VM Sutter, RW Thompson, KM TI A dynamic model of poliomyelitis outbreaks: Learning from the past to help inform the future SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease outbreaks; disease transmission; models; statistical; poliomyelitis; poliovirus; risk assessment; vaccination ID VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUS; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; WILD POLIOVIRUS; ERADICATION; IMMUNITY; CERTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNIZATION; NETHERLANDS; SEROPREVALENCE AB Policy-makers now face important questions regarding the tradeoffs among different strategies for managing Poliomyelitis risks after they succeed with polio eradication. To estimate the potential consequences of reintroductions of polioviruses and the resulting outbreaks, the authors developed a dynamic disease transmission model that can simulate many aspects of outbreaks for different posteradication conditions. In this paper, the authors identify the issues related to prospective modeling of future outbreaks using such a model, including the reality that accurate prediction of conditions and associated model inputs prior to future outbreaks remains challenging. The authors explored the model's behavior in the context of three recent outbreaks resulting from importation of poliovirus into previously polio-free countries and found that the model reproduced reported data on the incidence of cases. The authors expect that this model can provide important insights into the dynamics of future potential poliomyelitis outbreaks and in this way serve as a useful. tool for risk assessment. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, KidsRisk Project, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Math, Delft, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, Polio Eradicat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Thompson, KM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, KidsRisk Project, 677 Huntington Ave,3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kimt@hsph.harvard.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 61 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 4 BP 358 EP 372 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi206 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 954JE UT WOS:000231150600009 PM 16014773 ER PT J AU Ye, XY Kuklenyik, Z Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Ye, XY Kuklenyik, Z Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Automated on-line column-switching HPLC-MS/MS method with peak focusing for the determination of nine environmental phenols in urine SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; BAR SORPTIVE EXTRACTION; BISPHENOL-A LEVELS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHTHALATE METABOLITES; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; DERIVATIZATION AB We developed a method using isotope dilution on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the determination in urine of nine environmental phenolic compounds: Bisphenol A; 4-tert-octylphenol; o-phenylphenol; 2,4-dichlorophenol; 2,5-dichlorophenol; 2,4,5-trichlorophenol; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol; benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-metoxybenzophenone); and triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxyphenyl ether). A unique fully automated column-switching system, constructed using 1 autosampler, 2 HPLC pumps, and a 10-port switching valve, was designed to allow for concurrent SPE-HPLC operation with peak focusing. The phenols present in 100 mu L of urine were retained and concentrated on a C18 reversed-phase size-exclusion SPE column. Then, the phenols were "back-eluted" from the SPE column and diluted through a mixing Tee before being separated from other urine matrix components using a pair of monolithic HPLC columns. The phenols were detected by negative ion-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-MS/MS. The efficient preconcentration of the phenols by the SPE column, analyte peak focusing by the dilution, and minimal ion suppression in the LC/MS interface by the buffer-free mobile phases resulted in limits of detection as low as 0.1-0.4 ng/mL for most analytes. The method was validated on spiked pooled urine samples and on urine samples from 30 adults with no known occupational exposure to environmental phenols. The method can be used for quick and accurate analysis of large numbers of samples in epidemiologic studies for assessing the prevalence of human exposure to environmental phenols. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kuklenyik, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ZKuklenyik@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 41 TC 213 Z9 221 U1 8 U2 92 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 16 BP 5407 EP 5413 DI 10.1021/ac050390d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 955OT UT WOS:000231236300047 PM 16097788 ER PT J AU Tappero, JW Bradford, WZ Agerton, TB Hopewell, P Reingold, AL Lockman, S Oyewo, A Talbot, EA Kenyon, TA Moeti, TL Moffat, HJ Peloquin, CA AF Tappero, JW Bradford, WZ Agerton, TB Hopewell, P Reingold, AL Lockman, S Oyewo, A Talbot, EA Kenyon, TA Moeti, TL Moffat, HJ Peloquin, CA TI Serum concentrations of antimycobacterial drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Botswana SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; FASTING CONDITIONS; ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS; RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; PHARMACOKINETICS; RIFAMPIN; PYRAZINAMIDE; ANTACIDS; FOOD AB Background. We conducted a pharmacokinetic study of antimycobacterial drugs involving a cohort of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Gaborone, Botswana, to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for low drug concentrations in serum. Methods. Adults participated if they had a history of cough >= 2 weeks, had abnormal chest radiograph findings, consented to testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), had sputum cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and were receiving antituberculous therapy for 17 days. Observed maximum serum concentrations were compared with published normal ranges. Results. Of 91 patients enrolled, 89 (98%) were outpatients, and 59 (68%) of 87 patients tested had HIV infection. The following numbers of patients had low serum concentrations of the following drugs: isoniazid, 27 (30%) of 90; rifampin, 71 (78%) of 91; ethambutol, 37 (41%) of 91; and pyrazinamide, 1 (1%) of 91. Low serum concentrations of both isoniazid and rifampin occurred in 23 (26%) of 90 patients. Low serum concentrations of rifampin were found in both HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected patients, and such patients were less likely to have 14 weeks of symptoms, more likely to have lymphadenopathy, and more likely to have low serum albumin levels ( for all). The associations with noncavitary pulmonary disease (P = .12) and HIV infection (P = .07) did not reach statistical significance. Delayed absorption was most common with ethambutol, followed by rifampin. Conclusions. These data, predominantly from HIV-infected patients with TB, suggest that low isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol concentrations are common in Botswana. In contrast, pyrazinamide usually is well absorbed. C1 Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Pharmacokinet Lab, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Med Serv, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Pharm, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Minist Hlth, BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Minist Hlth, Natl TB Program, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Peloquin, CA (reprint author), Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Pharmacokinet Lab, Rm K-424A,1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. EM peloquinc@njc.org FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW00003-14]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI37845]; PHS HHS [KO8 A134238, R01 A134238] NR 39 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1086/431984 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 946ZE UT WOS:000230611000006 PM 16028152 ER PT J AU Feikin, DR Klugman, KP Facklam, RR Zell, ER Schuchat, A Whitney, CG AF Feikin, DR Klugman, KP Facklam, RR Zell, ER Schuchat, A Whitney, CG CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Increased prevalence of pediatric pneumococcal serotypes in elderly adults SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; CONJUGATE VACCINE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OUTBREAK; ERA AB Background. Pneumococcal disease is most prevalent among young children and elderly adults. We explored whether similarities exist in the serotypes that cause disease in these 2 high-risk groups. Methods. With use of US population-based data from 1998 - 1999 ( before the introduction of the 7- valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV7] as routine immunization for infants) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Active Bacterial Core surveillance, we evaluated whether the rate of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the pediatric serotypes (6B, 9V, 14, 19F, and 23F) increased among elderly persons. We adjusted for potential confounders in multivariable logistic regression. Results. We analyzed 2987 pneumococcal isolates recovered from adults. The risk of infection with pediatric serotypes increased from 32.5% in 35-49-year-old persons to 51.2% in >= 85-year-old persons (P < .001). Compared with 35-49-year-old persons, the risk of infection with pediatric serotypes was significantly elevated among 65-74-year- old persons (relative risk [RR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-2.20) and increased progressively among persons aged 75-84 years (RR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.41-2.36) and >= 85 years (RR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.72-3.05), with adjustment for sex, race, geographic location, underlying illness, and penicillin resistance. The rate of penicillin resistance was also elevated in the elderly population but was not significant after adjustment for serotype and race. Conclusions. The increased proportion of severe pneumococcal disease caused by pediatric serotypes in the elderly population might indicate opportunities for prevention with use of PCV7. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cwhitney@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 481 EP 487 DI 10.1086/432015 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 946ZE UT WOS:000230611000009 PM 16028155 ER PT J AU Brooks, JT Song, RG Hanson, DL Wolfe, M Swerdlow, DL AF Brooks, JT Song, RG Hanson, DL Wolfe, M Swerdlow, DL CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum Dis TI Discontinuation of primary prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-infected persons receiving antiretroviral therapy: Observations from a large national cohort in the United States, 1992-2002 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISEASE AB In a large, diverse cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons receiving routine care, the proportion of eligible persons who discontinued primary prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex ( MAC) infection, according to guidelines of the US Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America, increased from 16.7% (in 1996) to 84.9% ( in 2002). The discontinuation of primary prophylaxis was not associated with an increased risk of disseminated MAC infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHAP, NCHSTP, Clin Epidemiol Sect,Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Stat & Data Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch,Clin Outcomes Se, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brooks, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHAP, NCHSTP, Clin Epidemiol Sect,Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zud4@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 549 EP 553 DI 10.1086/432057 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 946ZE UT WOS:000230611000022 PM 16028167 ER PT J AU Howard, DH Scott, RD AF Howard, DH Scott, RD TI The economic burden of drug resistance SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; OUTCOMES; BACTEREMIA; PNEUMONIA; MORTALITY; MALARIA; HEALTH; IMPACT AB In recent years, researchers have made substantial progress in the development of methods to measure the burden of resistance and the application of those methods to the limited data available. Our understanding of the costs incurred by patients infected with resistant strains in hospital settings is much better than it was 10, or even 5, years ago. Research on the impact of resistance in the community is more limited. When multiple treatment options are available and prescribed treatment is empirical, resistance will lead to higher expenditures on drugs but not necessarily to increased patient morbidity and mortality. Understanding to what degree prescribing patterns are driven by real versus perceived limitations of first-line drugs is important for assessing the ability of public health campaigns to change the behavior of patients and providers. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Howard, DH (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Rm 610,1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM david.howard@emory.edu NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 41 SU 4 BP S283 EP S286 DI 10.1086/430792 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 946ZH UT WOS:000230611300014 PM 16032567 ER PT J AU Weber, JT AF Weber, JT TI Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INDUCIBLE CLINDAMYCIN RESISTANCE; PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; SKIN INFECTIONS; FOOTBALL TEAM; OUTBREAK; PLAYERS; STRAINS; ALASKA AB Historically, infection with strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which are usually multidrug-resistant, has been acquired by persons in hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care institutions. These infections are known as health care-associated MRSA infections. Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infection, which bears significant similarities to and differences from health care-associated MRSA infection, appears to be on the rise and has been described in several well-defined populations, such as children, incarcerated persons, Alaskan Natives, Native Americans, Pacific Islanders, sports participants, and military personnel. CA-MRSA infection has caused severe morbidity and death in otherwise healthy persons. Proven, reproducible strategies and programs for preventing the emergence and spread of CA-MRSA are lacking. Further surveillance and epidemiological and clinical studies on CA-MRSA infections are necessary for documenting the extent of the problem and for developing and evaluating effective prevention and control efforts. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Antimicrobial Resistance, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weber, JT (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Antimicrobial Resistance, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jtw5@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 142 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 41 SU 4 BP S269 EP S272 DI 10.1086/430788 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 946ZH UT WOS:000230611300010 PM 16032563 ER PT J AU Malamba, SS Mermin, JH Bunnell, R Mubangizi, J Kalule, J Marum, E Hu, DJ Wangalwa, S Smith, D Downing, R AF Malamba, SS Mermin, JH Bunnell, R Mubangizi, J Kalule, J Marum, E Hu, DJ Wangalwa, S Smith, D Downing, R TI Couples at risk - HIV-1 concordance and discordance among sexual partners receiving voluntary counseling and testing in Uganda SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV discordant; risk; voluntary counseling and testing; Africa ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; RURAL UGANDA; INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; MEN; CIRCUMCISION; HIV/AIDS; DYNAMICS; AFRICA AB Objective: To determine correlates of HIV-1 concordance for couples receiving voluntary HIV counseling and testing. Design: Cross-sectional study of couples receiving voluntary HIV counseling and testing in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: An interview and physical examination were conducted for 49 HIV-1-concordant (both partners infected with HIV) and 126 HIV-1-discordant (I partner infected with HIV and I partner HIV negative) couples. Blood samples from all participants were tested for HIV-1 and syphilis serology. CD4 cell count and HIV load were characterized for all HIV-infected persons. Urine samples were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis using ligase chain reaction. Associations between couples' HIV status and key sociodemographic, behavioral, and biomedical factors were analyzed. Results: Men in HIV-concordant couples were more likely than men in HIV-discordant couples to be living together with their sexual partner (odds ratio [OR], 11.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-53.7; P = 0.004), to be uncircumcised (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.1-8.8; P = 0.042), and to have higher HIV loads (OR for each log increase, 3.0; 95% Cl, 2.0-4.7; P < 0.001). Women in HIV-concordant couples were more likely than women in HIV-discordant couples to be living together with their sexual partner (OR, 19.0; 95% CI, 3.8-84.8), to have an uncircumcised male partner (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.6-26.4), to have had a sexually transmitted disease in the 6 months before enrollment (OR, 1.9; 95% CIl, 0.9-4.5), and to have higher HIV loads (OR for each log increase, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.5-3.2). Conclusions: Several behavioral and biologic risk factors were associated with HIV concordance for couples. Providing early sexually transmitted disease diagnosis and treatment, antiretroviral therapy, and specially designed counseling to HIV-discordant couples may help prevent HIV transmission in couples where being in a stable sexual relationship is a major risk factor for HIV infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Uganda, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. AIDS Informat Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, BOTUSA, Global Programme AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Malamba, SS (reprint author), Uganda Virus Res Inst, CDC Uganda, Global AIDS Program, POB 49,51-59 Nakiwogo Rd, Entebbe, Uganda. EM zcq2@cdcuganda.org RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 24 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 5 BP 576 EP 580 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 952BM UT WOS:000230976500011 PM 16044010 ER PT J AU Saphonn, V Parekh, BS Dobbs, T Mean, CV Bun, LH Ly, SP Heng, S Detels, R AF Saphonn, V Parekh, BS Dobbs, T Mean, CV Bun, LH Ly, SP Heng, S Detels, R TI Trends of HIV-1 seroincidence among HIV-1 sentinel surveillance groups in Cambodia, 1999-2002 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; incidence; sentinel groups; Cambodia; recent; infection; BED-CEIA ID VIRUS TYPE-1 SEROCONVERSION; BED-ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; SUBTYPE-E INFECTION; INCIDENCE RATES; ASSAY; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; THAILAND; INDIA AB This study reports trends in HIV-1 incidence in Cambodia among different target groups in the HIV-1 Sentinel Surveillance Program in 1999, 2000, and 2002, using the newly developed IgG capture BED-enzyme (HIV subtypes B, E and D) immunoassay (BED-CEIA). HIV-1-positive specimens (n = 3599) from 4 sentinel groups in the HIV-1 Sentinel Surveillance Program from 1999 to 2002-brothel-based commercial sex workers (CSWs), indirect commercial sex workers (IDSWs), police, and women attending antenatal clinics (ANCs)-were tested using the BED-CEIA. Annualized incidence rates were calculated for each group and each geographic region. Between 1999 and 2002, incidence rates declined among CSWs from 13.9% to 6.45%, among IDSWs from 5.92% to 2.87%, and among police from 1.58% to 0.26%. In the ANC group, the incidence remained stable, 0.64% in 1999, 1.11% in 2000, and 0.59% in 2002. However, there was an increasing trend among ANCs in rural areas, from 0.12 to 0.89%. In conclusion, HIV-1 incidence among CSWs, IDSWs, and police has declined between 1999 and 2002; however, the incidence has not declined in the ANC group. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Dermatol & STDs, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Detels, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM detels@ucla.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [TW000013, K01 TW000013, D43 TW000013-16, D43 TW000013] NR 21 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 5 BP 587 EP 592 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 952BM UT WOS:000230976500013 PM 16044012 ER PT J AU Woodberry, T Suscovich, TJ Henry, LM Martin, JN Dollard, S O'Connor, PG Davis, JK Osmond, D Lee, TH Kedes, DH Khatri, A Lee, J Walker, BD Scadden, DT Brander, C AF Woodberry, T Suscovich, TJ Henry, LM Martin, JN Dollard, S O'Connor, PG Davis, JK Osmond, D Lee, TH Kedes, DH Khatri, A Lee, J Walker, BD Scadden, DT Brander, C TI Impact of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) burden and HIV coinfection on the detection of T cell responses to KSHVORF73 and ORF65 proteins SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International AIDS Malignancy Conference CY APR, 2003 CL Bethesda, MD ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8 INFECTION; VIRAL LOAD; LYMPHOCYTE EPITOPES; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SEROLOGIC ASSAYS; DNA-SEQUENCES; IDENTIFICATION AB Cellular immune responses to Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV), the etiological agent of KS and several other malignancies, are incompletely characterized. We assessed KSHV-specific interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot responses in a cohort of 154 individuals, using overlapping peptide sets spanning the KSHV-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen (ORF73) and the minor capsid glycoprotein (ORF65). Among KSHV-seropositive subjects, ORF73-specific responses dominated over responses to ORF65 and were preferentially detected in human immunodeficiency virus-coinfected individuals who had elevated levels of cell-associated KSHV DNA, indicating that the viral antigen burden may have been driving these responses. Responses to both ORF73 and ORF65 were also detected in several KSHV-seronegative subjects who were at increased risk for KSHV infection, which demonstrates that cellular immunity can be found in the absence of detectable humoral responses. These data have implications for the reliable identification of KSHV infection and may help guide the design of immune-based therapeutic and prophylactic interventions. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Endocrine Unit, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Virginia, Myles H Thaler Ctr AIDS Res, Hlth Syst, Dept Microbiol, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Virginia, Myles H Thaler Ctr AIDS Res, Hlth Syst, Dept Med, Charlottesville, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, AIDS Malignancy Consortium, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Brander, C (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, 5th Fl,5239,149 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. EM cbrander@partners.org FU NCI NIH HHS [CA73580, CA71375, U01 CA78124]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI27763]; NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DEO1438-01]; NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH62246] NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 4 BP 622 EP 629 DI 10.1086/432103 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 952QB UT WOS:000231019500010 PM 16028131 ER PT J AU Flanders, WD Khoury, MJ Yang, QH Austin, H AF Flanders, WD Khoury, MJ Yang, QH Austin, H TI Tests of trait-haplotype association when linkage phase is ambiguous, appropriate for matched case-control and cohort studies with competing risks SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE single nucleotide polymorphisms; genetics; haplotypes; epidemiology; linkage; statistics; score tests; association; disease; case-control; competing risks; survival; proportional hazards model; logistic model; conditional logistic regression ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS; GENE; REGRESSION; MODELS; POLYMORPHISMS AB The impact of competing risks on tests of association between disease and haplotypes has been largely ignored. We consider situations in which linkage phase is ambiguous and show that tests for disease-haplotype association can lead to rejection of the null hypothesis, even when true, with more than the nominal 5 per cent frequency. This problem tends to occur if a haplotype is associated with overall mortality, even if the haplotype is not associated with disease risk. A small simulation study illustrates the magnitude of bias (high type I error rate) in the context of a cohort study in which a modest number of disease cases (about 350) occur over time. The bias remains even if the score test is based on a logistic model that includes age as a covariate. For cohort studies, we propose a new test based on a modification of the proportional hazards model and for case-control studies, a test based on a conditional likelihood that have the correct size under the null even in the presence of competing risks, and that can be used when haplotype is ambiguous. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Flanders, WD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1599 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM flanders@sph.emory.edu NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 15 BP 2299 EP 2316 DI 10.1002/sim.2156 PG 18 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 952AY UT WOS:000230974900003 PM 16015677 ER PT J AU Yazdanpanah, Y Losina, E Anglaret, X Goldie, SJ Walensky, RP Weinstein, MC Toure, S Smith, HE Kaplan, JE Freedberg, KA AF Yazdanpanah, Y Losina, E Anglaret, X Goldie, SJ Walensky, RP Weinstein, MC Toure, S Smith, HE Kaplan, JE Freedberg, KA CA Global AIDS Policy Model Invest TI Clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in patients with HIVAIDS in Cote d'Ivoire: a trial-based analysis SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; co-trimoxazole prophylaxis; cost-effectiveness; sub-Saharan Africa ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-1-INFECTED ADULTS; BACTERIAL DISEASES; HIV-INFECTION; SOUTH-AFRICA AB Background: In 2000, WHO/UNAIDS recommended co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for persons at early stages of HIV infection (WHO stage > 2) in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies for initiation of cotrimoxazole in Cote d'lvoire. Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis with an HIV simulation model using clinical and cost data from a randomized trial of co-trimoxazole in HIV-infected adults. Methods: The study included HIV-infected patients in Cote d'lvoire, with median age 33 years. Thirty-four percent were classified as WHO stage 2, 59% as stage 3, and 7% as stage 4. The mean CD4 cell count was 331 X 10(6) cells/l. The interventions were no prophylaxis, clinical criteria-based co-trimoxazole initiation (early: WHO stage > 2; late: WHO stage >= 3), CD4-based co-trimoxazole initiation (< 500, < 200, < 50 x 10(6) CD4 cells/l). The outcome measures were life expectancy, lifetime costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness. Results: The most effective strategy, initiation of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis at WHO stage > 2, increased undiscounted life expectancy by 5.2 months, discounted life expectancy by 4.4 months, and lifetime costs by US$ 60, compared with no prophylaxis. Delaying prophylaxis initiation until WHO stage > 3 was. less costly and less effective. All CD4-based strategies were dominated. The incremental cost-effectiveness of early versus late co-trimoxazole prophylaxis initiation was US$ 200/year of life gained. Results were stable despite wide variations in plausible assumptions about bacterial resistance and the prophylaxis efficacy on co-trimoxazole-resistant strains. Conclusions: For HIV-infected adults in Cote d'lvoire, co-trimoxazole prophylaxis is reasonably cost-effective and most effective if initiated when WHO stage >= 2. Early co-trimoxazole prophylaxis will prevent complications prior to antiretroviral therapy initiation and should be considered an essential component of care for early HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Hosp Tourcoing, Fac Med Lille, Serv Univ Malad Infect & Voyageur, F-59208 Tourcoing, France. CNRS, URA 362, Lab Rech Econ & Sociales, Lille, France. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. INSERM U593, Bordeaux, France. Programme PAC CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yazdanpanah, Y (reprint author), Ctr Hosp Tourcoing, Fac Med Lille, Serv Univ Malad Infect & Voyageur, 135 Rue President Coty,BP 619, F-59208 Tourcoing, France. EM yyazdan@yahoo.com RI Anglaret, Xavier/F-7333-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI001794, AI058736, K23 AI0794, K24 AI062476, K25 AI050436, K25 AI50436, P30 AI042851, P30 AI42851, R01 AI058736]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU 114927, U64/CCU 119525] NR 42 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 12 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1299 EP 1308 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000180101.80888.c6 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 956RF UT WOS:000231316800008 PM 16052085 ER PT J AU Demma, LJ Traeger, MS Nicholson, WL Paddock, CD Blau, DM Eremeeva, ME Dasch, GA Levin, ML Singleton, JJ Zaki, SR Cheek, JE Swerdlow, DL McQuiston, JH AF Demma, LJ Traeger, MS Nicholson, WL Paddock, CD Blau, DM Eremeeva, ME Dasch, GA Levin, ML Singleton, JJ Zaki, SR Cheek, JE Swerdlow, DL McQuiston, JH TI Rocky mountain spotted fever from an unexpected tick vector in Arizona SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BROWN DOG TICK; RHIPICEPHALUS-SANGUINEUS ACARI; GROUP RICKETTSIAE; HUMAN PARASITISM; INFECTED TICKS; IXODIDAE; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; CAROLINA; DISEASE AB BACKGROUND: Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a life-threatening, tick-borne disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. This disease is rarely reported in Arizona, and the principal vectors, Dermacentor species ticks, are uncommon in the state. From 2002 through 2004, a focus of Rocky Mountain spotted fever was investigated in rural eastern Arizona. METHODS: We obtained blood and tissue specimens from patients with suspected Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ticks from patients' homesites. Serologic, molecular, immunohistochemical, and culture assays were performed to identify the causative agent. On the basis of specific laboratory criteria, patients were classified as having confirmed or probable Rocky Mountain spotted fever infection. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever infection (11 with confirmed and 5 with probable infection) were identified. Of these patients, 13 (81 percent) were children 12 years of age or younger, 15 (94 percent) were hospitalized, and 2 (12 percent) died. Dense populations of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were found on dogs and in the yards of patients' homesites. All patients with confirmed Rocky Mountain spotted fever had contact with tick-infested dogs, and four had a reported history of tick bite preceding the illness. R. rickettsii DNA was detected in nonengorged R. sanguineus ticks collected at one home, and R. rickettsii isolates were cultured from these ticks. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation documents the presence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in eastern Arizona, with common brown dog ticks (R. sanguineus) implicated as a vector of R. rickettsii. The broad distribution of this common tick raises concern about its potential to transmit R. rickettsii in other settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Whiteriver Serv Unit, Whiteriver, AZ USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Natl Epidemiol Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Demma, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ldemma@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 184 Z9 203 U1 7 U2 18 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 11 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 6 BP 587 EP 594 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa050043 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 953ST UT WOS:000231101500009 PM 16093467 ER PT J AU Raoult, D Paddock, CD AF Raoult, D Paddock, CD TI Rickettsia parkeri infection and other spotted fevers in the United States SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 CNRS, F-13385 Marseille, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Raoult, D (reprint author), CNRS, F-13385 Marseille, France. EM didier.raoult@medecine.univ-mrs.fr NR 5 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 11 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 6 BP 626 EP 627 DI 10.1056/NEJM200508113530617 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 953ST UT WOS:000231101500016 PM 16093473 ER PT J AU Sifakis, F Flynn, CP Metsch, L LaLota, M Murrill, C Koblin, BA Bingham, T McFarland, W Raymond, H Behel, S Lansky, A Byers, B MacKellar, D Drake, A Gallagher, K AF Sifakis, F Flynn, CP Metsch, L LaLota, M Murrill, C Koblin, BA Bingham, T McFarland, W Raymond, H Behel, S Lansky, A Byers, B MacKellar, D Drake, A Gallagher, K CA CDC TI HIV prevalence, unrecognized infection, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men - Five U.S. cities, June 2004-April 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 597-601, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID YOUNG MEN; PREVENTION C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sifakis, F (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 6 BP 674 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 953IA UT WOS:000231068600010 ER PT J AU Ursin, G Bernstein, L Lord, SJ Karim, R Deapen, D Press, MF Daling, JR Norman, SA Liff, JM Marchbanks, PA Folger, SG Simon, MS Strom, BL Burkman, RT Weiss, LK Spirtas, R AF Ursin, G Bernstein, L Lord, SJ Karim, R Deapen, D Press, MF Daling, JR Norman, SA Liff, JM Marchbanks, PA Folger, SG Simon, MS Strom, BL Burkman, RT Weiss, LK Spirtas, R TI Reproductive factors and subtypes of breast cancer defined by hormone receptor and histology SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; reproductive factors; hormone receptors; histology ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; RISK-FACTORS; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PROGESTERONE; CARCINOMA; AGE; PREVENTION; REGIMENS; SERUM AB Reproductive factors are associated with reduced risk of breast cancer, but less is known about whether there is differential protection against subtypes of breast cancer. Assuming reproductive factors act through hormonal mechanisms they should protect predominantly against cancers expressing oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors. We examined the effect of reproductive factors on subgroups of tumours defined by hormone receptor status as well as histology using data from the NIHCD Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences (CARE) Study, a multicenter case-control study of breast cancer. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as measures of relative risk using multivariate unconditional logistic regression methods. Multiparity and early age at first birth were associated with reduced relative risk of ER+PR+tumours (P for trend = 0.0001 and 0.01, respectively), but not of ER-PR-tumours (P for trend = 0.27 and 0.85), whereas duration of breastfeeding was associated with lower relative risk of both receptor-positive (P for trend = 0.0002) and receptor-negative tumours (P = 0.0004). Our results were consistent across subgroups of women based on age and ethnicity. We found few significant differences by histologic subtype, although the strongest protective effect of multiparity was seen for mixed ductolobular tumours. Our results indicate that parity and age at first birth are associated with reduced risk of receptor-positive tumours only, while lactation is associated with reduced risk of both receptor-positive and -negative tumours. This suggests that parity and lactation act through different mechanisms. This study also suggests that reproductive factors have similar protective effects on breast tumours of lobular and ductal origin. C1 Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr Res, Oslo, Norway. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. NCI, Canc Ctr Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Populat Res Ctr, US Dept HHS,NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ursin, G (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM gursin@usc.edu OI Lord, Sarah J/0000-0003-2763-5949 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-PC-67006, N01 CN065064, N01 PC067006, N01-CN-0532, N01-CN-65064, N01-CN-67010]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01 HD 2-3166, N01 HD 3-3168, N01 HD 3-3174, N01 HD 3-3175, N01 HD-3-3176, Y01 HD007022] NR 29 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD AUG 8 PY 2005 VL 93 IS 3 BP 364 EP 371 DI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602712 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 951RN UT WOS:000230948500013 PM 16079783 ER PT J AU Fowler, BA Socha, M Sonawane, B AF Fowler, BA Socha, M Sonawane, B TI International conference on biomarkers for toxicology and molecular epidemiology, March 15-17, 2004, Atlanta, GA SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Fowler, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bxf9@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 7 PY 2005 VL 206 IS 2 BP 98 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.12.014 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 945UP UT WOS:000230528000002 ER PT J AU Fowler, BA Conner, EA Yamauchi, H AF Fowler, BA Conner, EA Yamauchi, H TI Metabolomic and proteomic biomarkers for III-V semiconductors: Chemical-specific porphyrinurias and proteinurias SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Biomarkers for Toxicology and Molecular Epidemiology CY MAR 15-15, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA DE gallium arsenide; indium arsenide; metabolomics; proteomics; porphyrinuria; proteinuria; molecular biomarkers; stress proteins ID AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE; ALTERED REGULATION; INDIUM ARSENIDE; SODIUM ARSENITE; STRESS-PROTEINS; HEME OXYGENASE; EXPOSURE; GALLIUM; EXCRETION; ARSENATE AB A pressing need exists to develop and validate molecular biomarkers to assess the early effects of chemical agents, both individually and in mixtures. This is particularly true for new and chemically intensive industries such as the semiconductor industry. Previous studies from this laboratory and others have demonstrated element-specific alterations of the heme biosynthetic pathway for the Ill-V semiconductors gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium arsenide (InAs) with attendant increased urinary excretion of specific heme precursors. These data represent an example of a metabolomic biomarker to assess chemical effects early, before clinical disease develops. Previous studies have demonstrated that the intratracheal or subcutaneous administration of GaAs and InAs particles to hamsters produces the induction of the major stress protein gene families in renal proximal tubule cells. This was monitored by 35-S methionine labeling of gene products followed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after exposure to InAs particles. The present studies examined whether these effects were associated with the development of compound-specific proteinuria after 10 or 30 days following subcutaneous injection of GaAs or InAs particles in hamsters. The results of these studies demonstrated the development of GaAs- and InAs-specific alterations in renal tubule cell protein expression patterns that varied at 10 and 30 days. At the 30-day point, cells in hamsters that received InAs particles showed marked attenuation of protein expression, suggesting inhibition of the stress protein response. These changes were associated with GaAs and InAs proteinuria patterns as monitored by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and silver staining. The intensity of the protein excretion patterns increased between the 10- and 30-day points and was most pronounced for animals in the 30-day InAs treatment group. No overt morphologic signs of cell death were seen in renal tubule cells of these animals. Western blot analyses of the urines with antibodies to the 32-, 70-, and 90-kDa stress protein families did not show the presence of these molecules, indicating that these proteins were not excreted in the urine samples. These data suggest that the observed proteinuria patterns were not a result of cell death and that the observed chemical-specific proteinurias were produced before marked cellular toxicity. These findings suggest a hypothesis involving GaAs and InAs interference with stress protein chaperoning of reabsorbed proteins for proteosomic degradation and the probable chaperoning of damaged intracellular proteins from renal proximal tubule cells into the urinary filtrate. Overall, the results of these studies provide further information on the nephrotoxicity of these semiconductor compounds. They also suggest the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with silver staining of urinary protein patterns as a potentially useful proteomic approach to renal damage early in relation to intracellular proteotoxicity in kidney tubule cells. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Toxicol Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bxf9@cdc.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES04979] NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 7 PY 2005 VL 206 IS 2 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.020 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 945UP UT WOS:000230528000005 PM 15967200 ER PT J AU Luster, MI Johnson, VJ Yucesoy, B Simeonova, PP AF Luster, MI Johnson, VJ Yucesoy, B Simeonova, PP TI Biomarkers to assess potential developmental immunotoxicity in children SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Biomarkers for Toxicology and Molecular Epidemiology CY MAR 15, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA DE AIDS; primary immunodeficiency; immunotoxicity; developmental immunotoxicity ID RECEPTOR EXCISION CIRCLES; RECENT THYMIC EMIGRANTS; ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; RISK-ASSESSMENT; HIV-INFECTION AB Clinical tests are readily available for assessing severe loss of immune function in children with diseases such as AIDS or primary immunodeficiency. However tests that could reliably identify subtle immune changes, as might be expected to result from exposure to developmental immunotoxic agents, are not readily available. A number of tests are described which we believe have potential applicability for epidemiological studies involving developmental immunotoxicity. Several of the tests, such as T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TRECs) and cytokine measurements, while highly relevant from a biological standpoint, may be precluded from use at the current time, for either technical issues or insufficient validation. Immunophenotyping and measurement of serum immunoglobulin levels, on the other hand, are well validated. Yet they may require extraordinary care in experimental design and technical performance in order to obtain data that would consistently detect subtle changes, as these tests are not generally considered highly sensitive. Quantification of the immune response to childhood vaccine, while up to the present used sparingly, may represent an excellent indicator for developmental immunotoxicity when conducted under appropriate conditions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Luster, MI (reprint author), NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM MLuster@cdc.gov RI Johnson, Victor/A-7910-2009; Yucesoy, Berran/B-4497-2009 NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 7 PY 2005 VL 206 IS 2 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.02.010 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 945UP UT WOS:000230528000018 PM 15967213 ER PT J AU Whyatt, RM Camann, D Perera, FP Rauh, VA Tang, D Kinney, PL Garfinkel, R Andrews, H Hoepner, L Barr, DB AF Whyatt, RM Camann, D Perera, FP Rauh, VA Tang, D Kinney, PL Garfinkel, R Andrews, H Hoepner, L Barr, DB TI Biomarkers in assessing residential insecticide exposures during pregnancy and effects on fetal growth SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Biomarkers for Toxicology and Molecular Epidemiology CY MAR 15, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA DE insecticides; prenatal; residential; minority; urban; women; birth weight; birth length ID AGGREGATE EXPOSURE; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; BIRTH OUTCOMES; CHLORPYRIFOS; CHILDREN; COHORT AB The Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health is using a combination of environmental and biologic measures to evaluate the effects of prenatal insecticide exposures among urban minorities in New York City. Of the 571 women enrolled, 85% report using some form of pest control during pregnancy and 46% report using exterminators, can sprays, and/or pest bombs. Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and propoxur were detected in 99.7-100% of 48-h personal air samples collected from the mothers during pregnancy (n = 394) and in 39-70% of blood samples collected from the mothers (it = 326) and/or newborns (n = 341) at delivery. Maternal and newborn blood levels are similar and highly correlated (r = 0.4-08, P < 0.001). Levels of insecticides in blood samples and/or personal air samples decreased significantly following the 2000-2001 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's regulatory actions to phase out residential use of chlorpyrifos and diazinon. Among infants born prior to 1/1/01, birth weight decreased by 67.3 g (95% confidence interval (CI) -116.6 to -17.8, P = 0.008) and birth length decreased by 0.43 centimeters (95% CI, -0.73 to -0.14, P = 0.004) for each unit increase in log-transformed cord plasma chlorpyrifos levels. Combined measures of (ln)cord plasma chlorpyrifos and diazinon (adjusted for relative potency) were also inversely associated with birth weight and length (P <= 0.007). Birth weight averaged 215.1 g less (95% CI -384.7 to -45.5) among those with the highest exposures compared to those without detectable levels. No association was seen between birth weight and length and cord plasma chlorpyrifos or diazinon among newborns born after 1/1/01 (P > 0.8). Results support recent regulatory action to phase out residential uses of these insecticides. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Whyatt, RM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, 60 Haven Ave B-1, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM rmw5@columbia.edu RI Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Hoepner, Lori/0000-0002-4404-8140 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00645]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES11158, P01 ES009600, P50 ES09600, R01 ES008977, R01 ES06722, R01 ES08977] NR 28 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 7 PY 2005 VL 206 IS 2 BP 246 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.11.027 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 945UP UT WOS:000230528000020 PM 15967215 ER PT J AU Nelson, LJ Talbot, EA Mwasekaga, MJ Ngirubiu, PK Mwansa, RA Notha, M Wells, CD AF Nelson, LJ Talbot, EA Mwasekaga, MJ Ngirubiu, PK Mwansa, RA Notha, M Wells, CD TI Antituberculosis drug resistance and anonymous HIV surveillance in tuberculosis patients in Botswana, 2002 SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB Two surveys undertaken in Botswana in the 1990s have recorded low rates of antituberculosis drug resistance, despite a three-fold rise in tuberculosis since 1989. We under-took a third survey to determine both trends since 1995 and HIV prevalence in tuberculosis patients in Botswana. Sputum specimens were obtained from patients nationwide in 2002 who also underwent anonymous, rapid HIV testing by use of Oraquick. Of 2200 sputum smear-positive patients and 219 previously treated patients with suspected recurrent tuberculosis, 1457 (60%) were infected with HIV. Resistance to at least one drug in new patients rose from 16 (3.7%) isolates in 1995 to 123 (10.4%; p<0.0001) in 2002. interventions for tuberculosis control are urgently needed in Botswana to prevent further emergence of drug resistance. C1 BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Natl TB Reference Lab, Gaborone, Botswana. Minist Hlth, Botswana Natl TB Programme, Epidemiol Unit, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Nelson, LJ (reprint author), CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LBN9@CDC.G0V NR 7 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 6 PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9484 BP 488 EP 490 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67062-6 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 952RD UT WOS:000231022300031 PM 16084258 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Zeng, G Fontaine, RE AF Wang, Y Zeng, G Fontaine, RE TI China building teams to tackle public-health crises SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. US Embassy Beijing, CDC, US CDCP, FPO, AP 96521 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 27 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 4 PY 2005 VL 436 IS 7051 BP 626 EP 626 DI 10.1038/436626a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 951XA UT WOS:000230964500016 PM 16079820 ER PT J AU Petersen, LR Epstein, JS AF Petersen, LR Epstein, JS TI Problem solved? West Nile virus and transfusion safety SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. US FDA, CDER, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Petersen, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 9 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 4 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 5 BP 516 EP 517 DI 10.1056/NEJMe058144 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 951OB UT WOS:000230939000012 PM 16079376 ER PT J AU Hageman, JC Lynfield, R Fridkin, SK AF Hageman, JC Lynfield, R Fridkin, SK TI MRSA in the community - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS INFECTIONS; TEXAS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Hageman, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skf0@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 4 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 5 BP 531 EP 531 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 951OB UT WOS:000230939000030 ER PT J AU Segarra, E Garcia-Guadalupe, Y Rullan, J Alexander, L Murphy, T Alexander, J Seward, J Thames, C Pallansch, M Alvarado-Ramy, F AF Segarra, E Garcia-Guadalupe, Y Rullan, J Alexander, L Murphy, T Alexander, J Seward, J Thames, C Pallansch, M Alvarado-Ramy, F CA CDC TI Seroprevalence of poliovirus antibodies among children in a Dominican community - Puerto Rico, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 580-581, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div State & Natl Partners, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Segarra, E (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 3 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 5 BP 548 EP 549 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 951NN UT WOS:000230937500005 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Graubard, BI Williamson, DF AF Flegal, KM Graubard, BI Williamson, DF TI Underweight, overweight, obesity, and excess deaths - In reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kflegal@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 3 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 5 BP 552 EP 553 DI 10.1001/jama.294.5.552-c PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 951NN UT WOS:000230937500011 ER PT J AU Brewer, RD Swahn, MH AF Brewer, RD Swahn, MH TI Binge drinking and violence SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ALCOHOL; RISK; INJURIES; DRINKERS; TRENDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alcohol Team,Div Adult & Community Hlth, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Etiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brewer, RD (reprint author), CDC, Alcohol Team, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-67,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bbrewer1@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 3 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 5 BP 616 EP 618 DI 10.1001/jama.294.5.616 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 951NN UT WOS:000230937500023 PM 16077057 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Donovan, JE AF Swahn, MH Donovan, JE TI Predictors of fighting attributed to alcohol use among adolescent drinkers SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article DE adolescents; youth; fighting; alcohol use; predictors ID RISK-TAKING BEHAVIORS; SPORTS PARTICIPATION; PROBLEM DRINKING; DRUG-USE; VIOLENCE; AGGRESSION; ADULTHOOD; EMERGENCY; INJURIES; ONSET AB This study examined demographic and psychosocial factors to determine the predictors of fighting attributed to alcohol use among adolescent drinkers. Analyses were based on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health which is a nationally representative sample of adolescents in Grades 7 through 11. The prospective analyses were restricted to those adolescent drinkers who participated in both data waves (n =604 1) collected in 1995 and 1996. A logistic regression model was constructed using a backward elimination procedure to identify the significant predictors of initiating fighting attributed to alcohol use at Time 2 (1996). We found that frequent drinking, high-volume drinking, trouble in school, low college expectations and weekly involvement in sports were significant predictors of initiating fighting attributed to alcohol use. These findings suggest that prevention efforts targeting the reduction of frequent and heavy alcohol use may be particularly useful strategies for preventing fighting attributed to alcohol use. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Swahn, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, CDC, Mailstop K 60,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mswahn@cdc.gov RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 FU NICHD NIH HHS [P01-HD31921] NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1317 EP 1334 DI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.01.006 PG 18 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 952CR UT WOS:000230980000005 PM 16022929 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Caudill, SP Gunter, EW Osterloh, J Sampson, EJ AF Pfeiffer, CM Caudill, SP Gunter, EW Osterloh, J Sampson, EJ TI Biochemical indicators of B vitamin status in the US population after folic acid fortification: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE nutrition survey; age; sex; race; ethnic groups; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES ID TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS; CELL FOLATE CONCENTRATIONS; EXAMINATION SURVEY NHANES; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; METHYLMALONIC ACID; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; ELDERLY POPULATION; FOOD FORTIFICATION; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; REPRODUCTIVE AGE AB Background: Mandatory folic acid fortification of cereal-grain products was introduced in the United States in 1998 to decrease the risk that women will have children with neural tube defects. Objective: The objective was to determine the effect of folic acid fortification on concentrations of serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate, serum vitamin B-12, and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and methylmalonic acid (MMA) in the US population. Design: Blood was collected from a nationally representative sample of approximate to 7300 participants aged >= 3 y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 1999-2000 and was analyzed for these B vitamin-status indicators. The results were compared with findings from the prefortification survey NHANES III (1988-1994). Results: The reference ranges (5th-95th percentiles) were 13.1-74.3 nmol/L for serum folate, 347-1167 nmol/L for RBC folate, and 179-738 pmol/L for serum vitamin B-12. For plasma tHcy and MMA, the reference ranges for serum vitamin B-12-replete participants with normal serum creatinine concentrations were 3.2-10.7 mu mol/L and 60-210 nmol/L, respectively. The prevalence of low serum folate concentrations (< 6.8 nmol/L) decreased from 16% before to 0.5% after fortification. In elderly persons, the prevalence of high serum folate concentrations (> 45.3 nmol/L) increased from 7% before to 38% after fortification; 3% had marginally low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations (< 148 pmol/L) and 7% had elevated plasma MMA concentrations (> 370 nmol/L). Seventy-eight percent of the US population had plasma tHcy concentrations < 9 mu mol/L. Conclusions: Every segment of the US population appears to benefit from folic acid fortification. Continued monitoring of B vitamin concentrations in the US population is warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cpfeiffer@cdc.gov NR 61 TC 255 Z9 259 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 2 BP 442 EP 450 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 956IJ UT WOS:000231293100025 PM 16087991 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Kupronis, BA Lawton, R Joseph, D Richards, C AF Klevens, RM Kupronis, BA Lawton, R Joseph, D Richards, C CA HSVMS Team TI Monitoring health care workers after smallpox vaccination: Findings from the hospital smallpox vaccination-monitoring system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID VACCINIA AB Background: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee recommended that hospitals establish on-site, daily assessments of health care workers vaccinated with smallpox vaccine. The Hospital Smallpox Vaccination Monitoring System (HSVMS) was I component of the smallpox vaccination plan to monitor adverse events on-site in hospitals. This report presents findings from February to August 2003. Methods: All US institutions participating in the smallpox vaccination program were eligible to enroll in and use HSVMS through the Internet-based Centers for Disease Control Secure Data Network. Results: Of the 730 enrolled vaccinees, 341 (47%) were nurses; 122 (17%) physicians 75 (10%) laboratory, patient care, radiology, or other technicians; 39 (5%) administrators; 22 (3%) housekeepers; 21 (3%) physical or respiratory therapists: 20 (3 %) infection control professionals; 19 (3%) safety or security staff: and 17 (2%) epidemiologists and 54 (7%) were workers in other job categories. Most (86%) vaccinees had been previously vaccinated. Postvaccination signs and symptoms were frequent: itching (75.2%), pain at the vaccination site (31.6%), swollen or tender lymph nodes (26.4%), fatigue (26.2%), and headache (20.8%). Symptoms were highest during the first week after vaccination; symptoms were more frequently reported among vaccinees without previous vaccination, Adherence to recommended vaccination site care was reported in 2732 of 3091 (88.4%) follow-up visits among workers with patient contact. Of the 4379 days workers planned to work, during 31 (0.7 per 100) days, workers performed restricted activities, and, in 60 (1.4 per 100) days, workers were absent. Conclusions: Findings from HSVMS indicate that adherence to post-smallpox vaccination site care was high and that the number of days of work affected was low. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Fed Occupat Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-55, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmk2@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD AUG PY 2005 VL 33 IS 6 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.01.007 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 954NX UT WOS:000231162900001 PM 16110599 ER PT J AU Gust, DA Kennedy, A Shui, I Smith, PJ Nowak, G Pickering, LK AF Gust, DA Kennedy, A Shui, I Smith, PJ Nowak, G Pickering, LK TI Parent attitudes toward immunizations and healthcare providers - The role of information SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNICATION; CHILDREN AB Background: Lack of information has been associated with patient anxiety or concern in a number of healthcare areas. Objectives: (1) Identify the proportion of parents who agreed, were neutral, and disagreed that they had access to enough information to make a decision about immunizing their child; (2) examine how parents who agreed and disagreed differed with respect to sociodemographic characteristics, and their attitudes about immunizations, their child's healthcare provider, immunization requirements/exemptions, and immunization policymakers; and (3) identify if differences exist in specific immunization concerns. Methods: A sample of parents with at least one child aged <= 6 years (n = 642) was analyzed using data from the HealthStyles survey conducted during July and August 2003. Odds ratios and the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test were used for analysis. Results: Response rate for HealthStyles was 69% (4035/5845). The largest proportion of parents agreed they had access to enough information (67%) compared to parents who were neutral (20%) or who disagreed (13%). Compared to parents who agreed, parents who disagreed were more likely to be less confident in the safety of childhood vaccines (odds ratio [OR] = 5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.3-8.9), and to disagree that their child's main healthcare provider is easy to talk to (OR = 10.3, 95% CI = 3.7-28.1). There was a significant linear trend in the percentage of parents expressing immunization concerns among those who agreed, were neutral, and who disagreed they had access to enough information (p < 0.05; df = 1). Conclusions: While most parents agreed that they had access to enough immunization information, approximately a third did not. Perceived lack of information was associated with negative attitudes about immunizations and toward healthcare providers. Basic information about the benefits and risks of vaccines presented by a trusted provider could go a long way toward maintaining and/or improving confidence in the immunization process. (c) 2005 American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gust, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dgg6@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.04.010 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 947HR UT WOS:000230634500005 PM 16005806 ER PT J AU Luman, ET Barker, LE McCauley, MM Drews-Botsch, C AF Luman, ET Barker, LE McCauley, MM Drews-Botsch, C TI Timeliness of childhood immunizations: A state-specific analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objective. We examined the timeliness of vaccine administration among children aged 24 to 35 months for each state of the United States and the District of Columbia. Methods. We analyzed the timeliness of vaccinations in the 2000-2002 National Immunization Survey. We used a modified Bonferroni adjustment to compare a reference state with all other states. Results. Receipt of all vaccinations as recommended ranged from 2% (Mississippi) to 26% (Massachusetts), with western states having less timeliness than eastern states. Conclusions. Vaccination coverage measures usually focus on the number of vaccinations accumulated by specified ages. Our analysis of timeliness of administration shows that children rarely receive all vaccinations as recommended. State health departments can use timeliness of vaccinations along with other measures to determine children's susceptibility to vaccine-preventable diseases and to evaluate the quality of vaccination programs. States can use the modified Bonferroni comparison to appropriately compare their results with other states. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Luman, ET (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ecl7@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2005 VL 95 IS 8 BP 1367 EP 1374 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.046284 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 950LE UT WOS:000230857800018 PM 16043668 ER PT J AU Kumar, D Erdman, D Keshavjee, S Peret, T Tellier, R Hadjiliadis, D Johnson, G Ayers, M Siegal, D Humar, A AF Kumar, D Erdman, D Keshavjee, S Peret, T Tellier, R Hadjiliadis, D Johnson, G Ayers, M Siegal, D Humar, A TI Clinical impact of community-acquired respiratory viruses on bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplant SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE bronchiolitis obliterans; lung transplant; respiratory virus AB Community-acquired viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) in lung transplant recipients may have a high rate of progression to pneumonia and can be a trigger for immunologically mediated detrimental effects on lung function. A cohort of 100 patients was enrolled from 2001 to 2003 in which 50 patients had clinically diagnosed viral RTI and 50 were asymptomatic. All patients had nasopharyngeal and throat swabs taken for respiratory virus antigen detection, culture and RT-PCR. All patients had pulmonary function tests at regular intervals for 12 months. Rates of rejection, decline in forced expiratory volume (L) in 1 s (FEV-1) and bacterial and fungal superinfection were compared at the 3-month primary endpoint. In the 50 patients with RTI, a microbial etiology was identified in 33 of 50 (66%) and included rhinovirus (9), coronavirus (8), RSV (6), influenza A (5), parainfluenza (4) and human metapneumovirus (1). During the 3-month primary endpoint, 8 of 50 (16%) RTI patients had acute rejection versus 0 of 50 non-RTI patients (p = 0.006). The number of patients experiencing a 20% or more decline in FEV-1 by 3 months was 9 of 50 (18%) RTI versus 0 of 50 non-RTI (0%) (p = 0.003). In six of these nine patients, the decline in FEV-1 was sustained over a 1-year period consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Community-acquired respiratory viruses may be associated with the development of acute rejection and BOS. C1 Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Hosp Sick Children, Div Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Metab Res Program, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. RP Kumar, D (reprint author), Univ Toronto, 100 Coll St, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM deepali.kumar@uhn.on.ca NR 28 TC 133 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 5 IS 8 BP 2031 EP 2036 DI 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.00971.x PG 6 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 942OK UT WOS:000230291500035 PM 15996256 ER PT J AU Tran, TM Oliveira-Ferreira, J Moreno, A Santos, F Yazdani, SS Chitnis, CE Altman, JD Meyer, EVS Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR AF Tran, TM Oliveira-Ferreira, J Moreno, A Santos, F Yazdani, SS Chitnis, CE Altman, JD Meyer, EVS Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR TI Comparison of IgG reactivities to Plasmodium vivax merozoite invasion antigens in a Brazilian Amazon population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DUFFY-BINDING-PROTEIN; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; ERYTHROCYTE INVASION; SURFACE PROTEIN-1; CLINICAL IMMUNITY; ENDEMIC AREAS; BLOOD STAGES; FALCIPARUM; MALARIA; RONDONIA AB Naturally acquired antibody reactivity to two major Plasmodium vivax vaccine candidates was investigated in 294 donors from three malaria-endemic communities of Rondonia state, Brazil. Antibody recognition of recombinantly expressed antigens covering five different regions of P. vivax reticulocyte binding protein 1 (PvRBP1) and region II of P. vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP-RII) were compared. Positive IgG responses to these antigens were significantly related to the level of malaria exposure in terms of past infections and years of residence in the endemic area when corrected for age. The highest prevalence of anti-PvRBP1 total IgG antibodies corresponded to the amino acid regions denoted PvRBP1(431-748) (41 %) and PvRBP1(733-1407) (47%). Approximately one-fifth of positively responding sera had titers of at least 1:1,600. Total IgG responses to PvDBP-RII were more prevalent (67%), of greater magnitude, and acquired more rapidly than those to individual PvRBP1 antigens. Responses to both PvRBP1 and PvDBP-RII were biased toward the cytophilic subclasses IgG1 and IgG3. These data provide the first insights on acquired antibody responses to PvRBP1 and a comparative view with PvDBP-RII that may prove valuable for understanding protective immune responses to these two vaccine candidates as they are evaluated as components of multitarget blood-stage vaccines. C1 Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Immunol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Minist Hlth, Fdn Nacl Saude, Rondonia, Brazil. ICGEB, Malaria Res Grp, New Delhi, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Galinski, MR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM galinski@rmy.emory.edu RI Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli/E-7942-2014 OI Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli/0000-0002-6063-465X FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI247-18] NR 54 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 244 EP 255 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 956BA UT WOS:000231272700005 PM 16103583 ER PT J AU Ong, CS Li, AS Priest, JW Copes, R Khan, M Fyfe, MW Marion, SA Roberts, JM Lammie, PJ Isaac-Renton, JL AF Ong, CS Li, AS Priest, JW Copes, R Khan, M Fyfe, MW Marion, SA Roberts, JM Lammie, PJ Isaac-Renton, JL TI Enzyme immunoassay of Cryptosporidium-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies to assess longitudinal infection trends in six communities in British Columbia, Canada SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; WATER SUPPLIES; PARVUM; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNOCOMPETENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MILWAUKEE; RESPONSES; ANTIGENS AB A newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects immunoglobulin G antibodies to the 27-kDa Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoite surface antigen was used to test 4,097 sera collected from pregnant women in 6 communities in British Columbia, Canada, between January 1996, and December 1997. Waterborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis occurred in two of the study communities during the period of follow-up, and ELISA seropositivity was high in all six communities during the study period (77% positive to 92% positive). In the community with the largest outbreak, levels of antibody to the 27-kDa antigen increased rapidly and then decayed to background levels within 3-4 months of the peak of the epidemic curve. Trends in serologic reactivity were complex in all communities, and increased antibody levels not related temporally to known waterborne outbreaks were also observed. Serological assays may provide more accurate information regarding community levels of Cryptosporidium infection. C1 British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Hlth Care & Epidemiol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Ong, CS (reprint author), British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, 655 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada. EM cong@interchange.ubc.ca NR 32 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 288 EP 295 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 956BA UT WOS:000231272700014 PM 16103592 ER PT J AU Afifi, S Earhart, K Azab, MA Youssef, FG El Sakka, H Wasfy, M Mansour, H El Oun, S Rakha, M Mahoney, F AF Afifi, S Earhart, K Azab, MA Youssef, FG El Sakka, H Wasfy, M Mansour, H El Oun, S Rakha, M Mahoney, F TI Hospital-based surveillance for acute febrile illness in Egypt: A focus on community-acquired bloodstream infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TYPHOID-FEVER; WIDAL TEST; HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS; ENDEMIC AREA; BONE-MARROW; DIAGNOSIS; TESTS AB Acute febrile illness (AFI) is a common syndrome in Egypt. However its etiologies are not well characterized. To determine the relative frequency of pathogen etiologies and possibly improve diagnostic, clinical management and public health measures, we implemented laboratory-based surveillance in a network of infectious disease hospitals throughout Egypt. Admitted patients with AFI provided background details and a blood sample for bacterial culture and serologic analysis. Case definitions were based on laboratory results. Of 10,130 patients evaluated between 1999 and 2003, 5% were culture positive for Salmonella enterica serogroup Typhi, 3% for Brucella, and 2% for other pathogens. An additional 18% of patients had positive serologic results for typhoid and 11% for brucellosis. Risk factor analysis identified availability of municipal water to be significantly (P < 0.05) associated with protection against typhoid. Animal contact and consumption of raw dairy products were significantly associated with brucellosis. The surveillance network identified typhoid fever and brucellosis as the most common bacterial causes of AFI in Egypt, allowed better description of their epidemiology, and may lead to the development of targeted prevention strategies. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Res Publicat Div, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Afifi, S (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Res Publicat Div, Code 101F,PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM afifisalma@yahoo.com NR 29 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 392 EP 399 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 956BA UT WOS:000231272700033 PM 16103611 ER PT J AU Demma, LJ Holman, RC McQuiston, JH Krebs, JW Swerdlow, DL AF Demma, LJ Holman, RC McQuiston, JH Krebs, JW Swerdlow, DL TI Epidemiology of human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in the United States, 2001-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; HUMAN MONOCYTOTROPIC EHRLICHIOSIS; DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; TICK-BORNE INFECTIONS; NEW-YORK-STATE; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHAFFEENSIS; AGENT; EWINGII AB During 2001 through 2002,1,176 cases of the tick-borne diseases human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by 32 states through the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance. The average reported annual incidences for HME and HGA during 2001-2002 were 0.6 and 1.4 cases per million population, respectively; incidence was highest among men > 60 years of age. During this same interval, a total of 883 cases of HME and HGA were reported to CDC through a passive surveillance system of tick-borne disease case report forms (CRFs). The surveillance information retrieved from CRFs has allowed for qualitative evaluation of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis risk factors, severity, and diagnostic accuracy. Although these surveillance systems likely substantially under-represent the true burden of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in the United States due to poor recognition and reporting, they represent the first compilation of national data since these diseases were made nationally notifiable. Continued and improved surveillance activities will progressively reinforce our understanding and awareness of these newly recognized zoonotic infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsiol Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Demma, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lqd1@cdc.gov; fzh7@cdc.gov; jok2@cdc.gov; dls3@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 62 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 400 EP 409 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 956BA UT WOS:000231272700034 PM 16103612 ER PT J AU Learned, LA Reynolds, MG Wassa, DW Li, Y Olson, VA Karem, K Stempora, LL Braden, ZH Kline, R Likos, A Libama, F Moudzeo, H Bolanda, JD Tarangonia, P Boumandoki, P Formenty, P Harvey, JM Damon, IK AF Learned, LA Reynolds, MG Wassa, DW Li, Y Olson, VA Karem, K Stempora, LL Braden, ZH Kline, R Likos, A Libama, F Moudzeo, H Bolanda, JD Tarangonia, P Boumandoki, P Formenty, P Harvey, JM Damon, IK TI Extended interhuman transmission of monkeypox in a hospital community in the Republic of the Congo, 2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN INFECTION; VIRUS; DISEASE; ZAIRE AB This report describes the first reported outbreak of human monkeypox in the Republic of Congo. Eleven confirmed and probable monkeypox cases were observed during this outbreak, all were less than 18 years old, and most resided on the grounds of the Government Hospital in Implondo. Molecular, virologic, and serologic, and diagnostic assays were used to detect evidence of monkeypox (or orthopox) virus infection in individuals with striking dermatologic and other clinical manifestations. The majority of cases in this outbreak experienced significant, symptomatic illnesses; there was one death, possibly involving secondary complications, and one instance of profound sequelae. Up to six sequential transmissions of monkeypox virus from person to person are hypothesized to have occurred, making this the longest uninterrupted chain of human monkeypox fully documented to date. The pattern of sustained human-to-human transmission observed during this outbreak may influence our current perception of the capacity for this zoonotic virus to adapt to humans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Minist Hlth & Populat, Impfondo, Congo. Minist Hlth & Populat, Brazzaville, Congo. World Hlth Org, Alert & Response Operat Off, Geneva, Switzerland. Pioneer Christian Hosp, Global Outreach Miss, Impfondo, Congo. RP Reynolds, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM nzr6@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 428 EP 434 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 956BA UT WOS:000231272700038 PM 16103616 ER PT J AU Davis, A Bunning, M Gordy, P Panella, N Blitvich, B Bowen, R AF Davis, A Bunning, M Gordy, P Panella, N Blitvich, B Bowen, R TI Experimental and natural infection of North American bats with West Nile virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; JAPANESE-B; GENOME SEQUENCE; CHIROPTERA; ANTIBODIES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VECTOR AB Big brown (Eptesicus fuscus) and Mexican free-tailed (Tadarida brasiliensis) bats were inoculated with the New York 99 strain of West Nile virus to assess their potential to serve as amplifying hosts and determine the clinical effect of infection. Groups of three or four bats were bled at daily intervals between 1 and 6 days after inoculation to determine the pattern of viremia. Beginning 2 days after inoculation, virus was isolated each day from one or more E. fuscus bats, in titers ranging from 10 to 180 plaque-forming units per milliliter of serum. Virus was not isolated from any of the sera collected from T brasiliensis bats. None of the bats from either species showed clinical signs associated with exposure to virus. Sera from an additional 149 bats collected in Louisiana in 2002 during an epizootic of West Nile fever were tested for antibodies to virus, and two were found to be positive. These data suggest that bats from these two widely distributed species are unlikely to serve as amplifying hosts for West Nile virus. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Immunol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Bowen, R (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM April.Davis@colostate.edu; zyd7@cdc.gov; pgordy@colostate.edu; nap4@cdc.gov; blitvich@colostate.edu; rbowen@colostate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI45430, N01-AI25489]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50 CCU820510] NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 467 EP 469 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 956BA UT WOS:000231272700046 PM 16103624 ER PT J AU Beamer, BR Shulman, S Maynard, A Williams, D Watkins, D AF Beamer, BR Shulman, S Maynard, A Williams, D Watkins, D TI Evaluation of misting controls to reduce respirable silica exposure for brick cutting SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE construction; dust control; misting; silica; masonry cutting AB It is estimated that more than 1.7 million workers in the United States are potentially exposed to respirable crystalline silica, with a large percentage having been exposed to silica concentrations higher than the limits set by current standards and regulations. The purpose of this study is to characterize the use of water-misting engineering controls to reduce exposure to respirable crystalline silica for construction workers engaged in the task of brick cutting. Since data concerning the efficacy of engineering controls collected at worksites is often confounded by factors such as wind, worker skill level, the experiments were conducted in a laboratory environment. A completely enclosed testing chamber housed the brick-cutting saw. Respirable dust concentrations were measured using the Model 3321 Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (R). Specifically, the laboratory experiment was designed to compare dust suppression through water misting using conventional freely flowing water techniques. Brass atomizing nozzles with three flow rates were used for making this comparison: low (5.0 ml s(-1) or 4.8 gal h(-1)), medium (9.0 ml s(-1) or 8.6 gal h(-1)) and high (18 ml s(-1) or 17.3 gal h(-1)). The flow rate for freely flowing water, using manufacturer-supplied equipment, was 50 ml s(-1) (48 gal h(-1)). The experiment consisted of five replications of five samples each (low-misting, medium-misting, high-misting, freely flowing water and no control). The order of sampling within each replicate was randomized. Estimates of dust reduction showed that low-misting nozzles reduced the respirable mass fraction of dust by about 63%, medium-misting nozzles by about 67%, high-misting nozzles by about 79% and freely flowing water by about 93%. Based on these results, it may be feasible to use misting to control respirable silica dust instead of freely flowing water. This strategy is of practical interest to the construction industry which must frequently limit the amount of water used on construction sites. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Beamer, BR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, POB 790, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. EM beamerb@uwstout.edu RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 49 IS 6 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mei011 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 959MI UT WOS:000231521500007 PM 15845608 ER PT J AU Maus, CE Plikaytis, BB Shinnick, TM AF Maus, CE Plikaytis, BB Shinnick, TM TI Molecular analysis of cross-resistance to capreomycin, kanamycin, arnikacin, and viomycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID AMIKACIN; SMEGMATIS; MUTATIONS; VITRO AB Capreomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, and viomycin are drugs that are used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Each inhibits translation, and cross-resistance to them is a concern during therapy. A recent study revealed that mutation of the tlyA gene, encoding a putative rRNA methyltransferase, confers capreomycin and viomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Mutations in the 16S rRNA gene (rrs) have been associated with resistance to each of the drugs; however, reports of cross-resistance to the drugs have been variable. We investigated the role of rrs mutations in capreomycin resistance and examined the molecular basis of cross-resistance to the four drugs in M. tuberculosis laboratory-generated mutants and clinical isolates. Spontaneous mutants were generated to the drugs singularly and in combination by plating on medium containing one or two drugs. The frequencies of recovery of the mutants on single- and dual-drug plates were consistent with single-step mutations. The rrs genes of all mutants were sequenced, and the tlyA genes were sequenced for mutants selected on capreomycin, viomycin, or both; MICs of all four drugs were determined. Three rrs mutations (A1401G, C1402T, and G1484T) were found, and each was associated with a particular cross-resistance pattern. Similar mutations and cross-resistance patterns were found in drug-resistant clinical isolates. Overall, the data implicate rrs mutations as a molecular basis for resistance to each of the four drugs. Furthermore, the genotypic and phenotypic differences seen in the development of cross-resistance when M. tuberculosis bacteria were exposed to one or two drugs have implications for selection of treatment regimens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Program Microbiol & Mol Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Shinnick, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop G35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tms1@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 149 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 49 IS 8 BP 3192 EP 3197 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.8.3192-3197.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 951SI UT WOS:000230950700015 PM 16048924 ER PT J AU Wolter, N Smith, AM Farrell, DJ Schaffner, W Moore, M Whitney, CG Jorgensen, JH Klugman, KP AF Wolter, N Smith, AM Farrell, DJ Schaffner, W Moore, M Whitney, CG Jorgensen, JH Klugman, KP TI Novel mechanism of resistance to oxazolidinones, macrolides, and chloramphenicol in ribosomal protein L4 of the pneumococcus SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; LINEZOLID RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENZYMATIC ACETYLATION; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; IN-VITRO; MUTATIONS AB Two clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, identified as resistant to macrolides and chloramphenicol and nonsusceptible to linezolid, were found to contain 6-bp deletions in the gene encoding riboprotein L4. The gene transformed susceptible strain R6 so that it exhibited such resistance, with the transformants also showing a fitness cost. We demonstrate a novel bacterial mechanism of resistance to chloramphenicol and nonsusceptibility to linezolid. C1 Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, MRC, NICD,WITS, ZA-2000 Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. GR Micro Ltd, London, England. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bact & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Wolter, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, MRC, NICD,WITS, POB 1038, ZA-2000 Johannesburg, South Africa. EM nicole.edmondson@nhls.ac.za NR 35 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 49 IS 8 BP 3554 EP 3557 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.8.3554-3557.2005 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 951SI UT WOS:000230950700073 PM 16048983 ER PT J AU Kardous, CA Willson, RD Murphy, WJ AF Kardous, CA Willson, RD Murphy, WJ TI Noise dosimeter for monitoring exposure to impulse noise SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE impulse noise; noise dosimeter; new design ID FREQUENCY; HAZARD AB Commercially available noise dosimeters do not perform properly in impulsive noise environments because they suffer from instrumentation limitations and lack metrics that characterize impulse noise. In this paper, a design concept is proposed for an impulse noise monitoring dosimeter that addresses the current dosimeter's limited capabilities and describes the various parameters that can appropriately be used to measure and evaluate exposure to impulse noise. The design concept is based on the accurate acquisition and storage of the original impulse waveform. For data analysis (using MATLAB) and calculation of "impulse noise metrics," National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) used a prototype impulse noise dosimeter system that consisted of a Bruel&Kjaer 4136 microphone and a Panasonic Digital Audio Tape Recorder. The proposed instrument would enable collection of data for validation of presently defined and yet to be defined metrics quantifying noise-induced permanent threshold shifts (NIPTS) resulting from impulse/impact exposures. It will also enable occupational safety and health professionals to make accurate measurements of ultimately approved metrics. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Beta Associates, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Kardous, CA (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,C27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cyk5@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 66 IS 8 BP 974 EP 985 DI 10.1016/j.apacoust.2004.11.007 PG 12 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 930GK UT WOS:000229403600007 ER PT J AU Jiang, JL Alderisio, KA Xiao, LH AF Jiang, JL Alderisio, KA Xiao, LH TI Distribution of Cryptosporidium genotypes in storm event water samples from three watersheds in New York SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PARVUM OOCYSTS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RIVER WATER; PARASITES; GIARDIA; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; TRANSMISSION; TAXONOMY AB To assess the source and public health significance of Cryptosporidium oocyst contamination in storm runoff, a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique based on the small-subunit rRNA gene was used in the analysis of 94 storm water samples collected from the Malcolm Brook and N5 stream basins in New York over a 3-year period. The distribution of Cryptosporidium in this study was compared with the data obtained from 27 storm water samples from the Ashokan Brook in a previous study. These three watersheds represented different levels of human activity. Among the total of 121 samples analyzed from the three watersheds, 107 were PCR positive, 101 of which (94.4%) were linked to animal sources. In addition, C. hominis (W14) was detected in six samples collected from the Malcolm Brook over a 2-week period. Altogether, 22 Cryptosporidium species or genotypes were found in storm water samples from these three watersheds, only 11 of which could be attributed to known species/groups of animals. Several Cryptosporidium spp. were commonly found in these three watersheds, including the W1 genotype from an unknown animal source, the W4 genotype from deer, and the W7 genotype from muskrats. Some genotypes were found only in a particular watershed. Aliquots of 113 samples were also analyzed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 1623; 63 samples (55.7%) were positive for Cryptosporidium by microscopy, and 39 (78%) of the 50 microscopy-negative samples were positive by PCR. Results of this study demonstrate that molecular techniques can complement traditional detection methods by providing information on the source of contamination and the human-infective potential of Cryptosporidium oocysts found in water. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. New York City Dept Environm Protect, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 38 TC 146 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 8 BP 4446 EP 4454 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.8.4446-4454.2005 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 954OX UT WOS:000231165500038 PM 16085835 ER PT J AU Elkind, MSV Sciacca, RR Boden-Albala, B Tondella, MLC Felkin, DR Fields, BS Sacco, RL Di Tullio, MR Homma, S AF Elkind, MSV Sciacca, RR Boden-Albala, B Tondella, MLC Felkin, DR Fields, BS Sacco, RL Di Tullio, MR Homma, S TI Leukocyte count is associated with reduced endothelial reactivity SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; endothelial reactivity; epidemiology; risk factors ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; BLOOD-CELL COUNT; NORTHERN-MANHATTAN-STROKE; INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RISK-FACTORS; HEART-DISEASE; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE AB Background: Leukocyte count has been associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in several studies. We hypothesized that white blood cell count is associated with endothelial reactivity. Methods and results: Leukocyte count was measured in a sample of stroke-free community participants undergoing brachial artery testing for endothelial reactivity. How-mediated dilation (FMD) during reactive hyperemia was assessed in each subject using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. Multivariate linear regression was used to calculate the effect of leukocyte count on endothelial reactivity after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Mean age of the 868 participants was 66.7 +/- 8.8 years; 57% were women. Mean leukocyte count was (6.1 +/- 1.8) x 10(9)/L. Each unit increase in leukocyte count was associated with a mean 0.18% decrease in FMD (p = 0.01). After adjusting for other atherosclerosis risk factors, including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, the relationship persisted (mean decrease in FMD per unit leukocyte count = 0.17%, p = 0.02). There was a linear decrease in FMD by quartile of leukocyte count (p = 0.0014). The effect of leukocyte count on FMD was greater for women, those under age 70, and non-diabetics. Conclusions: Relative elevations in leukocyte count are associated with a reduction in brachial artery endothelial reactivity. These findings are consistent with current hypotheses regarding the inflammatory or infectious etiology of risk of atherosclerosis and stroke, but also suggest interactions with demographic and other risk factors. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Gertrude H Sergievsky Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Div Sociomed Sci, Joseph P Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Elkind, MSV (reprint author), Neurol Inst, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM msel3@columbia.edu RI Boden Albala, Bernadette/J-5703-2013; OI Boden Albala, Bernadette/0000-0001-5664-2342; Boden-Albala, Bernadette/0000-0002-3752-329X FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00645]; NINDS NIH HHS [K23 NS42912]; PHS HHS [R01 29993] NR 46 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD AUG PY 2005 VL 181 IS 2 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 956WP UT WOS:000231331100014 PM 16039287 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, J Middaugh, J Boudreau, D Malcom, G Parry, S Tracy, R Newman, W AF McLaughlin, J Middaugh, J Boudreau, D Malcom, G Parry, S Tracy, R Newman, W TI Adipose tissue triglyceride fatty acids and atherosclerosis in Alaska Natives and non-Natives SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; omega-3 fatty acids; Alaska native; diet ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HEART-DISEASE; GROWTH-FACTOR; YOUNG MEN; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS; ESKIMOS; MECHANISMS; SMOKING; OMEGA-3 AB Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the omega-3 family are believed to protect against cardiovascular disease. A rich source of omega-3 PUFA is found in fish and marine mammals (seat, walrus, whale), which are a large part of the traditional diet of Alaska Natives (Eskimo, American Indians, Aleuts), a group that has been reported to have a lower mortality rate from cardiovascular disease than non-Natives. An autopsy study using standardized methods to evaluate the extent of atherosclerosis and its risk factors, and analyses of stored triglyceride fatty acids was conducted in a sample of Alaska Native subjects and non-Native subjects living in Alaska. Findings indicate that Alaska Natives had less advanced atherosclerosis in coronary arteries, along with higher proportions of omega-3 and lower proportions of omega-6 PUFA in adipose tissue. than did non-Natives. We conclude that high dietary intake of omega-3 PUFA may account for the lower extent of coronary artery atherosclerosis. contributing to the reported lower heart disease mortality among Alaska Natives. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, New Orleans, LA USA. RP McLaughlin, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. EM joe_mclaughlin@health.state.ak.us NR 30 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD AUG PY 2005 VL 181 IS 2 BP 353 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.019 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 956WP UT WOS:000231331100017 PM 16039290 ER PT J AU Whiteman, MK Hillis, SD Curtis, KM McDonald, JA Wingo, PA Marchbanks, PA AF Whiteman, MK Hillis, SD Curtis, KM McDonald, JA Wingo, PA Marchbanks, PA TI Body mass and mortality after breast cancer diagnosis SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT-GAIN; WOMENS HEALTH; SEX-HORMONES; OBESITY; RISK; ESTROGEN; HEIGHT; INDEX AB Obesity is an established risk factor for some breast cancers, but less is known about its effect on breast cancer prognosis. Understanding this relationship is important, given the increasing number of women diagnosed with breast cancer and the growing prevalence of obesity. We conducted a cohort analysis of 3,924 women ages 20 to 54 with incident breast cancer enrolled between 1980 and 1982 in the Cancer and Steroid Hormone study, a case-control study. Interview data were linked to survival information from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. We used proportional hazards models to examine the relationship between breast cancer mortality and adult body mass index (BMI; calculated using usual adult weight), BMI at age 18, and weight change from age 18 to adulthood. Hazard ratios (HR) were adjusted for cancer stage and other factors. During a median follow-up of 14.6 years, 1,347 women died of breast cancer. Obese women (adult BMI >= 30.00) were significantly more likely than lean women (BMI <= 22.99) to die of breast cancer [HR, 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.65]. Women with BMIs of 25.00-29.99 (HR, 1.25; 95% Cl, 1.08-1.44) or 23.00-24.99 (HR, 1.20; 95% Cl, 1.04-1.39) also had higher breast cancer mortality (P for trend < 0.0001). BMI at age 18 and weight change were not associated with breast cancer mortality independently of other factors. Obesity could be a preventable risk factor for death among breast cancer patients. Further study is needed to determine how these findings might affect recommendations to reduce breast cancer mortality. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whiteman, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acq5@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [3-Y01-HD-8-1037] NR 38 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 14 IS 8 BP 2009 EP 2014 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0106 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 954ZZ UT WOS:000231195600031 PM 16103453 ER PT J AU Beland, FA Churchwell, MI Von Tungeln, LS Chen, SJ Fu, PP Culp, SJ Schoket, B Gyorffy, E Minarovits, J Poirier, MC Bowman, ED Weston, A Doerge, DR AF Beland, FA Churchwell, MI Von Tungeln, LS Chen, SJ Fu, PP Culp, SJ Schoket, B Gyorffy, E Minarovits, J Poirier, MC Bowman, ED Weston, A Doerge, DR TI High-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the detection and quantitation of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON-DNA ADDUCTS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FED COAL-TAR; HUMAN-PLACENTA; HUMAN LUNG; BENZOPYRENE-DNA ADDUCTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; CANCER-RISK; QUANTIFICATION; EXPOSURE AB A method, using HPLC combined with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ES-MS/ MS), was developed and validated to detect and quantify the major DNA adduct resulting from exposure to the ultimate tumorigenic benzo[alpha]pyrene (BP) metabolite, trans-7,8-dihydroxyanti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[alpha]pyrene (BPDE). Calf thymus DNA was reacted with BPDE, digested enzymatically to nucleosides, and the major DNA adduct, 10-(deoxyguanosin-N-2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[alpha]pyrene (dG-BPDE), was purified by HPLC. Similar procedures were applied to prepare dG-BPDE-d(8) from [1,2,3,4,5,6,11,12(2)H(8)]BPDE for use as an internal standard. The HPLC-ES-MS/MS method was validated using a mixture of hydrolyzed salmon testis DNA (82 mu g) and 10 pg dG-BPDE (analogous to 6.9 adducts/10(8) nucleotides). The results indicated an inter- and intraday accuracy of 99-100% and precision of 1.6-1.7% (relative standard deviation). When applied to a calf thymus DNA sample modified in vitro with [1,3-H-3]BPDE, the method gave a value very similar to those obtained by radiolabeling, P-32-postlabeling, and immunoassay. HPLC-ES-MS/MS analysis of hepatic DNA from mice treated intraperitoneally with 0.5 and 1.0 mg of [7,8-H-3]BP gave values comparable to those determined by P-32-postlabeling and immunoassay. Lung DNA from mice fed a 0.3% coal tar diet (containing approximately 2 mg BP/g coal tar) for one month had 0.6 +/- 0.04 dG-BPDE adducts/10(8) nucleotides. This value is much lower than the 102 14 total DNA adducts/10(8) nucleotides determined by P-32-postlabeling, which suggests that dG-BPDE makes only a minor contribution to the DNA adducts formed in lung tissue of mice administered coal tar. The HPLC-ES-MS/MS method was used to assess human lung DNA samples for the presence of dG-BPDE. Based upon a limit of detection of 0.3 dG-BPDE adducts/10(8) nucleotides, when using 100,mu g of DNA, dG-BPDE was detected in only 1 out of 26 samples. These observations indicate that HPLC-ES-MS/MS is suitable to assess the contribution of BP to DNA damage caused by exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixtures. The results further suggest that dG-BPDE may contribute only a small fraction of the total DNA adducts detected by other DNA adduct methodologies in individuals exposed to PAHs. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Jozsef Fodor Natl Ctr Publ Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary. Bela Johan Natl Ctr Epidemiol, H-1529 Budapest, Hungary. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Occupat Hlth Safety, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Beland, FA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM fbeland@nctr.fda.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [N02-CO-91012] NR 38 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1306 EP 1315 DI 10.1021/tx050068y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 955OG UT WOS:000231235000014 PM 16097804 ER PT J AU Baccarelli, A Pfeiffer, R Consonni, D Pesatori, AC Bonzini, M Patterson, DG Bertazzi, PA Landi, MT AF Baccarelli, A Pfeiffer, R Consonni, D Pesatori, AC Bonzini, M Patterson, DG Bertazzi, PA Landi, MT TI Handling of dioxin measurement data in the presence of non-detectable values: Overview of available methods and their application in the Seveso chloracne study SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; exposure assessment; multiple imputation; non-detects; Seveso; detection limit ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SETS; DETECTION LIMIT; EXPOSURE; POPULATION; WATER; PHTHALATE; SAMPLES; SERUM; SOIL AB Exposure measurements of concentrations that are non-detectable or near the detection limit (DL) are common in environmental research. Proper statistical treatment of non-detects is critical to avoid bias and unnecessary loss of information. In the present work, we present an overview of possible statistical strategies for handling non-detectable values, including deletion, simple substitution, distributional methods, and distribution-based imputation. Simple substitution methods (e.g., substituting 0, DL/2, DL/root 2, or DL for the non-detects) are the most commonly applied, even though the EPA Guidance for Data Quality Assessment discouraged their use when the percentage of non-detects is > 15%. Distribution-based multiple imputation methods, also known as robust or "fill-in" procedures, may produce dependable results even when 50-70% of the observations are non-detects and can be performed using commonly available statistical software. Any statistical analysis can be conducted on the imputed datasets. Results properly reflect the presence of non-detectable values and produce valid statistical inference. We describe the use of distribution-based multiple imputation in a recent investigation conducted on subjects from the Seveso population exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), in which 55.6% of plasma TCDD measurements were non-detects. We suggest that distribution-based multiple imputation be the preferred method to analyze environmental data when substantial proportions of observations are non-detects. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Milan, EPOCA Res Ctr Occupat Clin & Environm Epidemiol, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Baccarelli, A (reprint author), Univ Milan, EPOCA Res Ctr Occupat Clin & Environm Epidemiol, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Via San Barnaba 8, I-20122 Milan, Italy. EM andrea.baccarelli@unimi.it RI Pfeiffer, Ruth /F-4748-2011; Bonzini, Matteo/K-7540-2016; bertazzi, pietro alberto/D-5039-2017; OI Bonzini, Matteo/0000-0002-6405-7554; bertazzi, pietro alberto/0000-0003-3475-2449; Baccarelli, Andrea/0000-0002-3436-0640; pesatori, angela/0000-0002-0261-3252 NR 32 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2005 VL 60 IS 7 BP 898 EP 906 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.055 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 956LC UT WOS:000231300200008 PM 15992596 ER PT J AU Akpinar-Elci, M Stemple, KJ Enright, PL Fahy, JV Bledsoe, TA Kreiss, K Weissman, DN AF Akpinar-Elci, M Stemple, KJ Enright, PL Fahy, JV Bledsoe, TA Kreiss, K Weissman, DN TI Induced sputum evaluation in microwave popcorn production workers SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE airway inflammation; bronchiolitis obliterans; cytokines; diacetyl; flavoring; occupation ID BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS SYNDROME; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; LUNG-TRANSPLANT; COUNTS; FLUID; PLANT AB Objective: Severe airways obstruction and bronchiolitis obliterans have been reported in microwave popcorn production workers and attributed to inhalation of flavoring agents. We investigated whether exposure to flavoring agents is associated with airways inflammation in popcorn production workers. Methods: Fifty-nine workers with high exposures and 22 patients with low exposures to flavoring vapors completed a questionnaire, spirometry, and sputum induction. Sputum cell counts were categorized as "high" if greater than (and "low" if less than or equal to) the median cell counts of a healthy external control group (n = 24). We compared high- and low-exposure groups as well as all workers with control subjects. Results: Neutrophil concentrations in nonsmoking workers were significantly higher than those of the healthy nonsmoking control group (p < 0.05). The smoking-adjusted odds ratio for high neutrophil count (> 1.63 X 10(5)/mL) was 3.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 11.5) in the high-exposure group compared with the low-exposure group. Sputum interleukin-8 and eosinophil cationic protein levels were higher in high-exposure workers than in low-exposure workers (p < 0.05). For the worker group, mean values of FEV1 percentage of predicted and FEV1/FVC percentage of predicted were > 95%. There were no relationships between sputum characteristics and the presence of airways obstruction. Conclusions: High exposure to popcorn flavoring agents is associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation in popcorn production workers. These data provide further evidence that popcorn production workers face a significant occupational hazard through exposure to flavoring agents. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Field Studies Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIH, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Akpinar-Elci, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Field Studies Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop H-2800,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM melci@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 2005 VL 128 IS 2 BP 991 EP 997 DI 10.1378/chest.128.2.991 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 955BE UT WOS:000231198900074 PM 16100197 ER PT J AU Whitaker, DJ Lutzker, JR Shelley, GA AF Whitaker, DJ Lutzker, JR Shelley, GA TI Child maltreatment prevention priorities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO CHILD MALTREATMENT LA English DT Article DE Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; child maltreatment research agenda; expert panel ID HOME VISITING PROGRAM; RISK-FACTORS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; SEXUAL-ABUSE; NEGLECT; FAMILIES; IMPACT; DEATH AB The Division of Violence Prevention at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control has had a long-standing interest in the prevention of child maltreatment. The nation's public health agency, CDC, seeks to focus the public health perspective on the problem of child maltreatment and to promote science-based practice in the field. Since 1999, CDC has developed research priorities to address the prevention of child maltreatment. Described here is a brief rationale for applying a public health approach to child maltreatment and a discussion of the priority-setting process, priorities in each of four areas of the public health model, and some of CDCs current child maltreatment prevention activities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Dev & Evaluat Branch, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitaker, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Dev & Evaluat Branch, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. EM DWhitaker@cdc.gov; JLutkzer@cdc.gov; GShelley@cdc.gov RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 NR 62 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-5595 J9 CHILD MALTREATMENT JI Child Maltreatment PD AUG PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3 BP 245 EP 259 DI 10.1177/10775595024674 PG 15 WC Family Studies; Social Work SC Family Studies; Social Work GA 945OT UT WOS:000230512700003 PM 15983108 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Archibold, E Myers, GL AF Vesper, HW Archibold, E Myers, GL TI Assessment of trueness of glucose measurement instruments with different specimen matrices SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE blood glucose; split-sample comparison; whole blood; specimen matrix effects ID BLOOD-GLUCOSE; PERFORMANCE; METERS AB Background: The trueness of glucose monitors is commonly assessed using whole-blood samples and a clinical analyzer as a comparison method. In this study, the effect of specimen matrix on trueness of one clinical analyzer and one glucose monitor was compared with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) reference Method. using split-sample comparison with capillary whole blood (CWB), venous whole blood (VWB), and plasma (PL). Methods: CWB was analyzed by the glucose monitor and the GUMS reference method, VWB was analyzed by the glucose monitor, clinical analyzer, and the GC/MS method. PL was analyzed by the clinical analyzer and the GC/MS reference method. Results: For the glucose monitor, the bias was 0.4% and - 18.2% for CWB and VWB, respectively. The clinical analyzer had a bias of -25.4% for VWB and - 12.0% for PL and a proportional bias was detected in both specimens. Using the clinical analyzer as a comparison method, the glucose monitor had a proportional bias of - 9.8%, Conclusion: The trueness of clinical analyzers can be affected by the specimen matrix that needs to be assessed before they are used as comparison method to assess trueness of glucose monitors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, 4770 Buford Hwy NE MS F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM HVesper@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD AUG PY 2005 VL 358 IS 1-2 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.cccn.2005.02.016 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 952KE UT WOS:000231001600006 PM 16018878 ER PT J AU Soroka, SD Granade, TC Candal, D Parekh, BS AF Soroka, SD Granade, TC Candal, D Parekh, BS TI Modification of rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody assay protocols for detecting recent HIV seroconversion SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBTYPE-E INFECTION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; STRATEGY; THAILAND; UGANDA AB Assay protocols of three rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) assays, OraQuick-1/2, SeroStrip-1/2, and Determine-1/2, were modified to detect recent HIV seroconversion using a higher dilution of serum specimens. Optimal predilution of specimens resulted in negative test results during early periods of seroconversion (about 6 months), when antibody levels were low. A total of 269 seropositive specimens from routine HIV type 1 testing and from commercial sources (low-titer and seroconversion panels) were tested, and results were recorded as negative (score = 0) or positive using intensity scores from 0.5 (weak positive) to 4 (strongly positive). The same specimens were previously tested by a less sensitive (LS) enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Abbott 3A11-LS, and were classified as recent or long-term infections based on the standardized optical density (SOD) cutoff of 0.75. Overall concordance of > 94% was observed between 3A11-LS and modified rapid tests. (RT-LSs) for detecting and distinguishing recent HIV seroconversion from long-term HIV infection (kappa statistics = 0.894 to 0.901). Moreover, intensity scores on RT-LSs correlated well with median 3A11-LS SOD values (R-2 > 0.98). Our results indicate that rapid HIV tests can be modified to detect recent seroconversion with results comparable to those from less sensitive EIA. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parekh, BS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop D12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bparekh@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 12 IS 8 BP 918 EP 921 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.8.918-921.2005 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 955VU UT WOS:000231256500005 PM 16085908 ER PT J AU Levine, OS Van Beneden, CA Jernigan, DB AF Levine, OS Van Beneden, CA Jernigan, DB TI A new old opportunity for preventing serious group a streptococcal infections SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID GUIDELINE; PERSONNEL; DISEASE; HEALTH C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Rm E8547, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM olevine@jhsph.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 343 EP 344 DI 10.1086/431598 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 942TK UT WOS:000230305300011 PM 16007531 ER PT J AU Donlan, RM AF Donlan, RM TI New approaches for the characterization of prosthetic joint biofilms SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; IN-SITU; INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SYSTEM; MODEL; ARTHROPLASTY; FIBRONECTIN AB Indwelling prosthetic joints may become colonized by microbial biofilms, although the biofilm structure, composition of the microbial community, and physiologic activity of the organisms in these devices are not well understood. New approaches that rely on the use of fluorescent stain technology can be used to characterize the structure and community composition in a way that earlier methods, which relied on culturing or scanning electron microscopy, could not. Model systems incorporating parameters relevant for indwelling prosthetic joints also can be designed to evaluate the efficacy of treatments for preventing or eradicating biofilms from these devices. Effectively treating microbial biofilms on indwelling medical devices such as prosthetic joints is a challenging proposition. A clearer understanding of the process in vivo and a defined approach for evaluating treatment strategies provide the best hope for success. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Donlan, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rld8@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD AUG PY 2005 IS 437 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1097/01.blo.0000175120.66051.29 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 953JM UT WOS:000231072500004 PM 16056020 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC McDonald, LC AF Tenover, FC McDonald, LC TI Vancomycin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci: epidemiology and control SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE enterococci; infection control; staphylococci; vancomycin ID VANA GENE-COMPLEX; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; AUREUS; FAECIUM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; LEVEL; COLONIZATION; TRANSMISSION; PENNSYLVANIA; EXPRESSION AB Purpose of review This review updates information on the development and spread of vancomycin resistance in staphylococci and enterococci. Recent findings New information on the genetic characterization of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the US indicates that each of the four was the result of an independent genetic event. New data suggest that vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus isolates, particularly those showing heteroresistance, are clinically significant: Finally, vancomycin-resistant enterococci continue to be reported from around the world. :Novel infection control measures, however, may aid in reducing the spread' of these organisms in healthcare settings. Summary The exchange of genetic information, particularly the vanA gene, between and among staphylococci and enterococci will continue to challenge physicians, microbiologists, and infection control practitioners in efforts to identify, treat, and prevent infections with these pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd MS-G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fnt1@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 115 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 300 EP 305 DI 10.1097/01.qco.0000171923.62699.0c PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 949UD UT WOS:000230812700002 PM 15985825 ER PT J AU O'Connor, PJ Desai, J Solberg, LI Reger, LA Crain, AL Asche, SE Pearson, TL Clark, CK Rush, WA Cherney, LM Sperl-Hillen, JM Bishop, DB AF O'Connor, PJ Desai, J Solberg, LI Reger, LA Crain, AL Asche, SE Pearson, TL Clark, CK Rush, WA Cherney, LM Sperl-Hillen, JM Bishop, DB TI Randomized trial of quality improvement intervention to improve diabetes care in primary care settings SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID PREVENTIVE SERVICES; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; CHRONIC ILLNESS; ORGANIZATION; PHYSICIANS; DELIVERY; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE - To assess the impact of a quality improvement (QI) intervention on the quality of diabetes care at primary care clinics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Twelve primary care medical practices were matched by size and location and randomized to intervention or control conditions. Intervention clinic staff were trained in a seven-step QI change process to improve diabetes care. Surveys and medical record reviews of 754 patients, surveys of 329 clinic staff, interviews with clinic leaders, and analysis of training session videotapes evaluated compliance with and impact of the intervention. Mixed-model nested analyses compared differences in the quality of diabetes care before and after intervention. RESULTS - All intervention clinics completed at least six steps of the seven-step QI change process in an 18-month period and, compared with control clinics, had broader staff participation in QI activities (P = 0.04), used patient registries more often (P = 0.03), and had better test rates for HbA(1c) (AlC), LDL, and blood pressure (P = 0.02). Other processes of diabetes care were unchanged. The intervention did not improve AlC (P = 0.54), LDL (P = 0.46), or blood pressure (P = 0.69) levels or a composite of these outcomes (P = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS - This QI change process was successfully implemented but failed to improve AlC, LDL, or blood pressure levels. Data suggest that to be successful, such a QI change process should direct more attention to specific clinical actions, such as drug intensification and patient activation. C1 HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Connor, PJ (reprint author), HealthPartners Res Fdn, POB 1524,MS21111R, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. EM patrick.j.oconnor@healthpartners.com FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UC32/CCU500347] NR 34 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 2005 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1890 EP 1897 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.8.1890 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 950PP UT WOS:000230869700007 PM 16043728 ER PT J AU Hayes, EB Komar, N Nasci, RS Montgomery, SP O'Leary, DR Campbell, GL AF Hayes, EB Komar, N Nasci, RS Montgomery, SP O'Leary, DR Campbell, GL TI Epidemiology and transmission dynamics of West Nile Virus disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; NEW-YORK; UNITED-STATES; MOSQUITOS; ENCEPHALITIS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; SURVEILLANCE; ALLIGATORS; OUTBREAK AB From 1937 until 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) garnered scant medical attention as the cause of febrile illness and sporadic encephalitis in parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe. After the surprising detection of WNV in New York City in 1999, the virus has spread dramatically westward across the United States, southward into Central America and the Caribbean, and northward into Canada, resulting in the largest epidemics of neuroinvasive WNV disease ever reported. From 1999 to 2004, > 7,000 neuroinvasive WNV disease cases were reported in the United States. In 2002, WNV transmission through blood transfusion and organ transplantation was described for the first time, intrauterine transmission was first documented, and possible transmission through breastfeeding was reported. This review highlights new information regarding the epidemiology and dynamics of WNV transmission, providing a new platform for further research into preventing and controlling WNV disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hayes, EB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ebh2@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 412 Z9 446 U1 4 U2 85 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1167 EP 1173 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 950RL UT WOS:000230874900001 PM 16102302 ER PT J AU Hayes, EB Sejvar, JJ Zaki, SR Lanciotti, RS Bode, AV Campbell, GL AF Hayes, EB Sejvar, JJ Zaki, SR Lanciotti, RS Bode, AV Campbell, GL TI Virology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of West Nile virus disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; RAPID DETECTION; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS; PERSISTENCE; ANTIBODIES; VIRULENCE; EPIDEMIC AB West Nile virus (WNV) causes epidemics of febrile illness, meningitis, encephalitis, and flaccid paralysis. Since it was first detected in New York City in 1999, and through 2004, > 16,000 WNV disease cases have been reported in the United States. Over the past 5 years, research on WNV disease has expanded rapidly. This review highlights new information regarding the virology, clinical manifestations, and pathology of WNV disease, which will provide a new platform for further research into diagnosis, treatment, and possible prevention of WNV through vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hayes, EB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ebh2@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 218 Z9 237 U1 1 U2 18 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1174 EP 1179 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 950RL UT WOS:000230874900002 PM 16102303 ER PT J AU Daum, LT Shaw, MW Klimov, AI Canas, LC Macias, EA Niemeyer, D Chambers, JP Renthal, R Shrestha, SK Acharya, RP Huzdar, SP Rimal, N Myint, KS Gould, P AF Daum, LT Shaw, MW Klimov, AI Canas, LC Macias, EA Niemeyer, D Chambers, JP Renthal, R Shrestha, SK Acharya, RP Huzdar, SP Rimal, N Myint, KS Gould, P TI Influenza A (H3N2) outbreak, Nepal SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; ANTIBODY; PROTEIN; M2 AB In July 2004, an outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) was detected at 3 Bhutanese refugee camps in southeastern Nepal. Hemagglutination inhibition showed that approximate to 40% of the viruses from this outbreak were antigenically distinct from the A/Wyoming/3/03 vaccine strain. Four amino acid differences were observed in most of the 26 isolates compared with the A/Wyoming/3/2003 vaccine strain. All 4 substitutions are located within or adjacent to known antibody-binding sites. Several isolates showed a lysine-to-asparagine substitution at position 145 (K145N) in the hemagglutinin molecule, which may be noteworthy since position 145 is located within a glycosylation site and adjacent to an antibody-binding site. H3N2 viruses continue to drift from the vaccine strain and may remain as the dominant strains during the 2005-2006 influenza season. Thus, the 2005-2006 Northern Hemisphere vaccine strain was changed to A/California/7/2004, a virus with all 4 amino acid substitutions observed in these Nepalese isolates. C1 USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Forces Res Inst, Med Sci Res Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal. Assoc Med Doctors Asia Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA, Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Daum, LT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Bldg 175 W, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Luke.Daum@brooks.af.mil NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1186 EP 1191 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 950RL UT WOS:000230874900004 PM 16102305 ER PT J AU Wright, JG Tengelsen, LA Smith, KE Bender, JB Frank, RK Grendon, JH Rice, DH Thiessen, AMB Gilbertson, CJ Sivapalasingam, S Barrett, TJ Besser, TE Hancock, DD Angulo, FJ AF Wright, JG Tengelsen, LA Smith, KE Bender, JB Frank, RK Grendon, JH Rice, DH Thiessen, AMB Gilbertson, CJ Sivapalasingam, S Barrett, TJ Besser, TE Hancock, DD Angulo, FJ TI Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in four animal facilities SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; UNITED-STATES; DOG TREATS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; ORGANISMS; DT104; CATS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONTAMINATION AB In 1999 and 2000, 3 state health departments reported 4 outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness due to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in employees, clients, and client animals from 3 companion animal veterinary clinics and 1 animal shelter. More than 45 persons and companion animals became ill. Four independent investigations resulted in the testing of 19 human samples and > 200 animal samples; 18 persons and 36 animals were culture-positive for S. Typhimurium. One outbreak was due to multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium R-type ACKSSuT, while the other 3 were due to multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium R-type ACSSuT IDT104. This report documents nosocomial transmission of S. Typhimurium and demonstrates that companion animal facilities may serve as foci of transmission for salmonellae between animals and humans if adequate precautions are not followed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Idaho Dept Hlth & Welf, Boise, ID USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Washington Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Chambers Creek Vet Hosp, Lakewood, WA USA. Gene Poole Mem Cat Clin, Bellingham, WA USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fangulo@cdc.gov RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 31 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 9 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1235 EP 1241 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 950RL UT WOS:000230874900012 PM 16102313 ER PT J AU Roy, K Wang, SA Meltzer, MI AF Roy, K Wang, SA Meltzer, MI TI Optimizing treatment of antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; INCREMENTAL COST; HIV; STRATEGIES; CLINICS; TESTS; WOMEN AB The increasing prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae has required replacing inexpensive oral ciprofloxacin treatment with more expensive injectable ceftriaxone. Further, monitoring antimicrobial resistance requires culture testing, but nonculture gonorrhea tests are rapidly replacing culture. Since the strategies were similar in effectiveness (> 99%), we evaluated, from the healthcare system perspective, cost-minimizing strategies for both diagnosis (culture followed by antimicrobial susceptibility tests versus nonculture-based tests) and treatment (ciprofloxacin versus ceftriaxone) of gonorrhea in women. Our results indicate that switching from ciprofloxacin to ceftriaxone is cost-minimizing (i.e., optimal) when the prevalence of gonorrhea is > 3% and prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance is > 5%. Similarly, culture-based testing and susceptibility surveillance are optimal when the prevalence of gonorrhea is < 13%; nonculture-based testing is optimal (cost-minimizing) when gonorrhea prevalence is >= 13%. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Roy, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E90, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kjr3@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1265 EP 1273 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 950RL UT WOS:000230874900016 PM 16102317 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Ancient myths and avian pestilence SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1332 EP 1333 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 950RL UT WOS:000230874900042 PM 16102301 ER PT J AU Huang, X Li, WH Attfield, MD Nadas, A Frenkel, K Finkelman, RB AF Huang, X Li, WH Attfield, MD Nadas, A Frenkel, K Finkelman, RB TI Mapping and prediction of coal workers' pneumoconiosis with bioavailable iron content in the bituminous coals SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE bioavailable iron; calcite; coal; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD; pneumoconiosis ID LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DUST EXPOSURE; CROCIDOLITE ASBESTOS; FERRITIN SYNTHESIS; FERROUS SULFATE; PARTICLE-SIZE; MINERS; PREVALENCE; CALCIUM; INDUCTION AB Based on the first National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (CWP) and the U.S. Geological Survey database of coal quality, we show that the prevalence of CXXT in seven coal mine regions correlates with levels of bioavailable iron (BAI) in the coals from that particular region (correlation coefficient r = 0.94, p < 0.0015). CWP prevalence is also correlated with contents of pyritic sulfur (r = 0.91, p < 0.0048) or total iron (r = 0.85, p < 0.016) but not with coal rank (r = 0.59, p < 0.16) or silica (r = 0.28, p < 0.54). BAI was calculated using our model, taking into account chemical interactions of pyrite, sulfuric acid, calcite, and total iron. That is, iron present in coals can become bioavailable by pyrite oxidation, which produces ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid. Calcite is the major component in coals that neutralizes the available acid and inhibits iron's bioavailability. Therefore, levels of BAI in the coals are determined by the available amounts of acid after neutralization of calcite and the amount of total iron in the coals. Using the linear fit of CWP prevalence and the calculated BAI in the seven coal mine regions, we have derived and mapped the pneumoconiotic potencies of 7,000 coal samples. Our studies indicate that levels of BAI in the coals may be used to predict coal's toxicity, even before large-scale mining. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. NYU, Sch Med, NYU Canc Inst, New York, NY 10016 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Huang, X (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 550 1st Ave,PHL Room 802, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM xihuang@env.med.nyu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00260, P30 ES000260]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH003561, OH 03561] NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 113 IS 8 BP 964 EP 968 DI 10.1289/ehp.7679 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 951OV UT WOS:000230941100031 PM 16079064 ER PT J AU Gwinn, MR Whipkey, DL Tennant, LB Weston, A AF Gwinn, MR Whipkey, DL Tennant, LB Weston, A TI Differential gene expression in normal human mammary epithelial cells treated with malathion monitored by DNA microarrays SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE DNA microarray; gene expression; malathion; pesticide; toxicology ID BREAST-CANCER; P53 POLYMORPHISMS; LUNG-CANCER; IN-VITRO; GENOTOXICITY; HAPLOTYPES; HYBRIDIZATION; CARCINOGENS; MUTATIONS; INDUCTION AB Organophosphate pesticides are a major source of occupational exposure in the United States. Moreover, malathion has been sprayed over major urban populations in an effort to control mosquitoes carrying West Nile virus. Previous research, reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, on the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of malathion has been inconclusive, although malathion is a known endocrine disruptor. Here, interindividual variations and commonality of gene expression signatures have been studied in normal human mammary epithelial cells from four women undergoing reduction mammoplasty. The cell strains were obtained from the discarded tissues through the Cooperative Human Tissue Network (sponsors: National Cancer Institute and National Disease Research Interchange). Interindividual variation of gene expression patterns in response to malathion was observed in various clustering patterns for the four cell strains. Further clustering identified three genes with increased expression after treatment in all four cell strains. These genes were two aldo-keto reductases; (AKR1C1 and AKR1C2) and an estrogen-responsive gene (EBBP) Decreased expression of six RNA species was seen at various time points in all cell strains analyzed: plasminogen activator (PLAT), centromere protein F (CPF), replication factor C (RFC3), thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), a putative mitotic checkpoint kinase (BUB1), and a gene of unknown function (GenBank accession no. A1859865). Expression changes in all these genes, detected by DNA microarrays, have been verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Differential changes in expression of these genes may yield biomarkers that provide insight into interindividual variation in malathion toxicity. C1 NIOSH, Mol Epidemiol Team, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,CDC,Ctr Dis Control & Preven, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Weston, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Mol Epidemiol Team, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,CDC,Ctr Dis Control & Preven, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop L-3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM agw8@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1046 EP 1051 DI 10.1289/ehp.7311 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 951OV UT WOS:000230941100044 PM 16079077 ER PT J AU Swan, SH Main, KM Liu, F Stewart, SL Kruse, RL Calafat, AM Mao, CS Redmon, JB Ternand, CL Sullivan, S Teague, JL AF Swan, SH Main, KM Liu, F Stewart, SL Kruse, RL Calafat, AM Mao, CS Redmon, JB Ternand, CL Sullivan, S Teague, JL CA Study Future Families Res Team TI Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE anogenital distance; benzylbutyl phthalate; dibutyl phthalate; diethyl phthalate; monobenzyl phthalate; monoethyl plathalate; monoisobutyl phthalate; mono-n-butyl phthalate; phthalates; prenatal exposure ID BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; TESTICULAR DYSGENESIS SYNDROME; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT LESIONS; MALE-RAT; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; SEMEN QUALITY; METABOLITES; ADVERSE AB Prenatal phthalate exposure impairs testicular function and shortens anogenital distance (AGD) in male rodents. We present data from the first study to examine AGD, and other genital measurements in relation to prenatal phthalate exposure in humans. A standardized measure of AGD was obtained in 134 boys 2-36 months of age. AGD was significantly correlated with penile volume (R = 0.27, p = 0.001) and the proportion of boys with incomplete testicular descent (R = 0.20, p = 0.02). We defined the anogenital index (AGI) as AGD divided by weight at examination [AGI = AGD/weight (mm/kg)] and calculated the age-adjusted AGI by regression analysis. We examined nine phthallate monoester metabolites, measured in prenatal urine samples, as predictors of age-adjusted AGI in regression and categorical analyses that included all participants with prenatal urine samples (n = 85). Urinary concentrations of four phthalate metabolites [monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP)] were inversely related to AGI. After adjusting for age at examination, p-values for regression coefficients ranged from 0.007 to 0.097. Comparing boys with prenatal MBP concentration in the highest quartile with those in the lowest quartile, the odds ratio for a shorter than expected AGI was 10.2 (95% confidence interval, 2.5 to 42.2). The corresponding odds ratios for MEP, MBzP, and MiBP were 4.7, 3.8, and 9.1, respectively (all p-values < 0.05). We defined a summary phthalate score to quantify joint exposure to these four phthalate metabolites. The age-adjusted AGI decreased significantly with increasing phthalate score (p-value for slope = 0.009). The associations between male genital development and phthallate exposure seen here are consistent with the phthalate-related syndrome of incomplete virilization that has been reported in prenatally exposed rodents. The median concentrations of phthalate metabolites that are associated with short AGI and incomplete testicular descent are below those found in one-quarter of the female population of the United States, based on a nationwide sample. These data support the hypothesis that prenatal phthalate exposure at environmental levels can adversely affect male reproductive development in humans. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Growth & Reprod, Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Missouri, Dept Family & Community Med, Columbia, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Endocrinol, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Urol Surg, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Child Hlth, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Swan, SH (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 668, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM shanna_swan@urmc.rochester.edu OI Redmon, J. Bruce/0000-0002-1883-9467; Drobnis, Erma Z./0000-0001-5495-3489; Kruse, Robin/0000-0001-9759-7218 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000400, M01 RR000425, M01-RR00400, M01-RR0425]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01-ES09916, R01 ES009916] NR 41 TC 815 Z9 867 U1 26 U2 133 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1056 EP 1061 DI 10.1289/ehp.8100 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 951OV UT WOS:000230941100046 PM 16079079 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Ozkaynak, H Whyatt, RM Barr, DB Wang, RY Naeher, L Akland, G Bahadori, T Bradman, A Fortmann, R Liu, LJS Morandi, M O'Rourke, MK Thomas, K Quackenboss, J Ryan, PB Zartarian, V AF Needham, LL Ozkaynak, H Whyatt, RM Barr, DB Wang, RY Naeher, L Akland, G Bahadori, T Bradman, A Fortmann, R Liu, LJS Morandi, M O'Rourke, MK Thomas, K Quackenboss, J Ryan, PB Zartarian, V TI Exposure assessment in the National Children's Study: Introduction SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; environmental monitoring questionnaire; exposure assessment; limit of detection; National Children's Study ID ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; MODEL; MILK AB The science of exposure assessment is relatively new and evolving rapidly with the advancement of sophisticated methods for specific measurements at the picogram per gram level or lower in a variety of environmental and biologic matrices. Without this measurement capability, environmental health studies rely on questionnaires or other indirect means as the primary method to assess individual exposures. Although we use indirect methods, they are seldom used as stand-alone tools. Analyses of environmental and biologic samples have allowed us to get more precise data on exposure pathways, from sources to concentrations, to routes, to exposure, to doses. They also often allow a better estimation of the absorbed dose and its relation to potential adverse health outcomes in individuals and in populations. Here, we make note of various environmental agents and how best to assess exposure to them in the National Children's Study a longitudinal epidemiologic study of children's health. Criteria for the analytical method of choice are discussed with particular emphasis on the need for long-term quality control and quality assurance measures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Amer Chem Council, Arlington, VA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Texas, Houston, TX USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Needham, LL (reprint author), Mailstop F17,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lneedham@cdc.gov RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009; Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 NR 42 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1076 EP 1082 DI 10.1289/ehp.7613 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 951OV UT WOS:000230941100049 PM 16079082 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Wang, RY Needham, LL AF Barr, DB Wang, RY Needham, LL TI Biologic monitoring of exposure to environmental chemicals throughout the life stages: Requirements and issues for consideration for the National Children's Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE adducts; adipose tissue; bioaccumulative; biomonitoring; blood; breast milk; matrix; metabolite; National Children's Study; nonpersistent; persistent; toxicant; urine ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; URINE SAMPLES; POTENTIAL BIOMARKER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METABOLITE LEVELS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; FETAL EXPOSURE; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB Biomonitoring of exposure is a useful tool for assessing environmental exposures. The matrices available for analyses include blood, urine, breast milk, adipose tissue, and saliva, among others. The sampling can be staged to represent the particular time period of concern: preconceptionally from both parents, from a pregnant woman during each of the three trimesters, during and immediately after childbirth, from the mother postnatally, and from the child as it develops to 21 years of age. The appropriate sample for biomonitoring will depend upon matrix availability, the time period of concern for a particular exposure or health effect, and the different classes of environmental chemicals to be monitored. This article describes the matrices available for biomonitoring during the life stages being evaluated in the National Children's Study; the best biologic matrices for exposure assessment for each individual chemical class, including consideration of alternative matrices; the analytical methods used for analysis, including quality control procedures and less costly alternatives; the costs of analysis; optimal storage conditions; and chemical and matrix stability during long-term storage. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 67 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1083 EP 1091 DI 10.1289/ehp.7617 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 951OV UT WOS:000230941100050 PM 16079083 ER PT J AU Wang, RY Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Wang, RY Needham, LL Barr, DB TI Effects of environmental agents on the attainment of puberty: Considerations when assessing exposure to environmental chemicals in the National Children's Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE children; environmental chemicals; exposure assessment; hormonally active agents; National Children's Study; puberty ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; SERUM LEPTIN CONCENTRATIONS; BODY-MASS INDEX; IN-UTERO; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; BREAST-CANCER; US GIRLS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AB The apparent decline in the age at puberty in the United States raises a general level of concern because of the potential clinical and social consequences of such an event. Nutritional status, genetic predisposition (race/ethnicity), and environmental chemicals are associated with altered age at puberty. The Exposure to Chemical Agents Working Group of the National Children's Study (NCS) presents an approach to assess exposure for chemicals that may affect the age of maturity in children. The process involves conducting the assessment by life stages (i.e., in utero, postnatal, peripubertal), adopting a general categorization of the environmental chemicals by biologic persistence, and collecting and storing biologic specimens that are most likely to yield meaningful information. The analysis of environmental samples and use of questionnaire data are essential in the assessment of chemicals that cannot be measured in biologic specimens, and they can assist in the evaluation of exposure to nonpersistent chemicals. Food and dietary data may be used to determine the extent to which nutrients and chemicals from this pathway contribute to the variance in the timing of puberty. Additional research is necessary in several of these areas and is ongoing. The NCS is uniquely poised to evaluate the effects of environmental chemicals on the age at puberty, and the above approach will allow the NCS to accomplish this task. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wang, RY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RYWang@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 64 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1100 EP 1107 DI 10.1289/ehp.7615 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 951OV UT WOS:000230941100052 PM 16079085 ER PT J AU Benoit, SR Mendelsohn, AB Nourjah, P Staffa, JA Graham, DJ AF Benoit, SR Mendelsohn, AB Nourjah, P Staffa, JA Graham, DJ TI Risk factors for prolonged QTc among US adults: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE medications; NHANES; QTc prolongation; risk factors; torsades ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; INTERVAL PROLONGATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; QUESTIONNAIRE DATA; DIABETES-MELLITUS; MEDICAL RECORDS; DE-POINTES; ALL-CAUSE; POPULATION; WOMEN AB Background QT interval prolongation can lead to torsades de pointes, a potentially fatal arrhythmia. Although research exists on the relationship between QT prolongation and clinical outcome, few studies have described risk factors for prolonged QT interval in the general population. Methods The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 111) collected electrocardiogram interval data on 8561 subjects over 40 years of age and projected results to the US population. QT was corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's formula. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with prolonged QTc interval, defined as being in the upper 5% of the population QTc interval distribution. Analyses were conducted separately for women and men as a result of differences in the QT distribution between the sexes and also because of potential effect modification. Analytical variables included age, race/ethnicity, electrolyte measurements, body mass index, the recent use of QT-prolonging drugs and past medical histories of stroke, thyroid disease, hypertension, diabetes and myocardial infarction. Results Age, female sex, hypocalcemia (men), hypokalemia (women), and a history of thyroid disease and myocardial infarction (men) were associated with a prolonged QTc interval. In addition, taking QT-prolonging medications in the past month was associated with more than a twofold increase in the odds of prolonged QTc interval in both men and women. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners should be aware that a prolonged QTc interval is a potential indicator of cardiovascular risk, and should exercise caution in prescribing potentially QT-prolonging medications to certain patients. C1 US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Benoit, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bvy8@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1741-8267 J9 EUR J CARDIOV PREV R JI Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 12 IS 4 BP 363 EP 368 DI 10.1097/01.hjr.0000173110.21851.a9 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 965RJ UT WOS:000231967700009 PM 16079644 ER PT J AU Friedman, JF Phillips-Howard, PA Mirel, LB Terlouw, DJ Okello, N Vulule, JM Hawley, WA Nahlen, BL ter Kuile, F AF Friedman, JF Phillips-Howard, PA Mirel, LB Terlouw, DJ Okello, N Vulule, JM Hawley, WA Nahlen, BL ter Kuile, F TI Progression of stunting and its predictors among school-aged children in western Kenya SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE malaria; stunting; PEM; malnutrition; school; Kenya ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; TREATED BED NETS; BODY-COMPOSITION; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; GROWTH-RETARDATION; LINEAR GROWTH; MUSCLE SIZE; SCHISTOSOMIASIS AB Objectives: The objectives of this study were ( 1) to assess whether a cohort of school-aged children experiences progression of stunting over a 2-y-period of observation and ( 2) to identify baseline nutritional and body composition risk factors for the progression of stunting. Methods: As part of a large-scale, randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of insecticide- treated bednets (ITNs) on nutritional status, we longitudinally followed a cohort of school-aged children over a 2-y-period in western Kenya. Anthropometric measurements were made at four time points from which Z-scores for height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and body mass index (BMIZ) were calculated. Two measures of body composition, upper arm fat area and upper arm muscle area, were derived from mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skinfold thickness. Results: Subjects experienced a mean change in HAZ from baseline to 9 months of - 0.16 [ - 0.19, - 0.13], from baseline to 16 months of - 0.18 [ - 0.22, - 0.15], and from baseline to 24 months of - 0.36 [ - 0.41, - 0.31]. Thus, the average individual's change in HAZ at the three follow-up time points is significantly less than zero, meaning that, on average, the cohort is deviating further from NCHS reference medians over time. The baseline nutritional measure that explained the greatest amount of variance in the progression of stunting was the upper arm muscle area Z-score ( F = 8.1; P = 0.005). Conclusions: This longitudinal study provides further evidence from a distinct ecological setting regarding the progression of undernutrition during middle childhood in the developing world. It suggests that school-aged children in the developing world do not experience catch-up growth or remain stable. Rather, they continue to deviate from NCHS standards, accruing greater height deficits with age. In addition, absolute lean body mass explained the most variability in the progression of stunting, which supports cross-sectional findings from other studies. C1 Brown Univ, Sch Med, Int Hlth Inst, Providence, RI 02912 USA. US Dept State, Inst Int Educ, Washington, DC 20520 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & Aids, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Friedman, JF (reprint author), Brown Univ, Sch Med, Int Hlth Inst, Box G-B495, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Jennifer_Friedman@Brown.edu OI Phillips-Howard, Penelope A/0000-0003-1018-116X; Friedman, Jennifer/0000-0001-5804-9921; ter Kuile, Feiko/0000-0003-3663-5617 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI052125] NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 59 IS 8 BP 914 EP 922 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602161 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 950YP UT WOS:000230895500004 PM 15928684 ER PT J AU Yoo, BK Frick, K AF Yoo, BK Frick, K TI Determinants of influenza vaccination timing SO HEALTH ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccination; timing; time cost; perceived risk; individual behavior ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; IMPACT; COST; MORTALITY; SERVICES; HEALTH AB New guidelines recommend different influenza vaccination timing for different subpopulations due to the limited availability of flu shots (FS). This study's objectives are to develop a theoretical model to demonstrate why some individuals choose to receive an early FS while others choose a late FS and to empirically explore the determinants of vaccination timing. Empirical results generally supported the theoretical results. Individuals vary their FS timing in response to variations in perceived risks, chronic condition levels reflecting their risk of influenza infection, and opportunity costs, measured by the presence of medical care other than an FS. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Stanford Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management Econ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Yoo, BK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ddz7@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1057-9230 J9 HEALTH ECON JI Health Econ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 14 IS 8 BP 777 EP 791 DI 10.1002/hec.979 PG 15 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 952KK UT WOS:000231002200002 PM 15700301 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, SK Ebrahim, SH Tao, GY McKenna, MT AF Chattopadhyay, SK Ebrahim, SH Tao, GY McKenna, MT TI Use of cervical cancer screening among insured women: the extent of missed opportunities SO HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article DE Papanicolaou smear test; insured women; missed opportunities for cervical cancer screening ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CLAIMS DATA; BREAST; CARE; PROGRESS; PLAN; AGREEMENT; ACCURACY AB The objective of the study is to identify opportunities to improve cervical cancer screening among privately insured women. From MedStat's Marketscan database, we identified 735,181 women aged 21-64 years who remained in the same insurance plan during the entire period of 2000-2002. We obtained the percentages of women who had a Papanicolaou (Pap)-test reimbursement claim and any health-related claim during the 3-year period. For women without a Pap-test claim, we obtained information about the frequency of insurance claims, type of health-care provider, and type of insurance plan in which the women were enrolled. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors independently associated with not having a Pap test. Of the total sample, in the 3-year period, 96% had at least one health insurance reimbursement claim and 69% had at least one claim for a Pap test. Approximately, 87% of the women who had no Pap-test claim had a health claim; 44% of such claims were from primary care providers. In the multiple logistic regression model, factors that were independently associated with having no Pap test were old age, being dependents of employees, and enrollment in comprehensive insurance plans. Efforts to increase the use of cervical cancer screening service should consider additional risk factors besides lack of insurance coverage. Concerted efforts by insurance and health-care providers are needed to improve adherence to the recommended cervical cancer screening guidelines, both by consumers and service providers. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skc9@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-8510 J9 HEALTH POLICY JI Health Policy PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 194 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.11.012 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 946BH UT WOS:000230546400007 PM 15978962 ER PT J AU Kissin, DM Schieve, LA Reynolds, MA AF Kissin, DM Schieve, LA Reynolds, MA TI Multiple-birth risk associated with IVF and extended embryo culture: USA, 2001 SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE blastocyst; extended culture; IVF; multiple pregnancy ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; SINGLE BLASTOCYST TRANSFER; TWIN PREGNANCY; RATES; DAY-2 AB BACKGROUND: Multiple births are associated with serious adverse infant and maternal outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the multiple-birth risk (MBR) associated with IVF and determine whether the risk is impacted by stage of embryo development at transfer. METHODS: A population-based sample of 50 819 IVF transfers utilizing day 3 or day 5 embryos performed in the USA in 2001 on women aged 20-40 years was used to assess MBR and live-birth rate (LBR), stratified by patient age, supernumerary embryo availability, and number of embryos transferred. RESULTS: Although significantly more day 5 than day 3 transfers used <= 2 embryos (69.2 versus 27.7%), the former were not associated with decreased MBR. MBR was high when > 1 embryo was transferred, irrespective of embryo development stage. LBR were generally maximized with 2 embryos transferred, and for some (day 5 transfers, patients aged 35-37 years) with one embryo. Electing to transfer a single day 5 embryo appeared efficacious for some patients: women aged 20-37 years with supernumerary embryos cryopreserved had LBR of 31.6-39.5%. CONCLUSIONS: MBR is high when >= 2 embryos are transferred. Single embryo transfer is the only way to prevent many multiple births and associated adverse health outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Assisted Reprod Technol Epidemiol Team, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kissin, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DKissin@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2215 EP 2223 DI 10.1093/humrep/dei025 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 948OH UT WOS:000230725100025 PM 15831506 ER PT J AU Sohn, S Climo, M Diekema, D Fraser, V Herwaldt, L Marino, S Noskin, G Perl, T Song, XY Tokars, J Warren, D Wong, E Yokoe, DS Zembower, T Sepkowitz, KA AF Sohn, S Climo, M Diekema, D Fraser, V Herwaldt, L Marino, S Noskin, G Perl, T Song, XY Tokars, J Warren, D Wong, E Yokoe, DS Zembower, T Sepkowitz, KA CA Prevention Epicenter Hosp TI Varying rates of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea at prevention epicenter hospitals SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Heathcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 17-20, 2004 CL Phildelphia, PA SP Soc Heatlhcare Epidemiol Amer ID COLITIS; DISEASE AB BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) causes substantial healthcare-associated morbidity. Unlike other common healthcare-associated pathogens, little comparative information is available about CDAD rates in hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVES: To determine CDAD rates per 10,000 patient-days and per 1,000 hospital admissions at 7 geographically diverse tertiary-care centers from 2000 to 2003, and to survey participating centers on methods of CDAD surveillance and case definition. METHODS: Each center provided specific information for the study period, including case numbers, patient-days, and hospital characteristics. Case definitions and laboratory diagnoses of healthcare-associated CDAD were determined by each institution. Within institutions, case definitions remained consistent during the study period. RESULTS: Overall, mean annual case rates of CDAD were 12.1 per 10,000 patient-days (range, 3.1 to 25.1) and 7.4 per 1,000 hospital admissions (range, 3.1 to 13.1). No significant increases were observed in CDAD case rates during the 4-year interval, either at individual centers or in the Prevention Epicenter hospitals as a whole. Prevention Epicenter hospitals differed in their CDAD case definitions. Different case definitions used by the hospitals applied to a fixed data set resulted in a 30% difference in rates. No associations were identified between diagnostic test or case definition used and the relative rate of CDAD at a specific medical center. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of CDAD vary widely at tertiary-care centers across the United States. No significant increases in case rates were identified. The varying clinical and laboratory approaches to diagnosis complicated comparisons between hospitals. To facilitate benchmarking and comparisons between institutions, we recommend development of a more standardized case definition. C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Holmes McGuire Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sepkowitz, KA (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM sepkowik@mskcc.org OI Diekema, Daniel/0000-0003-1273-0724; Warren, David/0000-0001-8679-8241 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU 215090] NR 10 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 26 IS 8 BP 676 EP 679 DI 10.1086/502601 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 970VD UT WOS:000232338800003 PM 16156322 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC AF McDonald, LC TI Clostridium difficile: Responding to a new threat from an old enemy SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIARRHEA; DISEASE; ASSOCIATION; INFECTION; HOSPITALS; OUTBREAK; ANTIBODY; COLITIS; TOXIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Cmcdonald1@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 26 IS 8 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 970VD UT WOS:000232338800001 ER PT J AU Soares, CAG Lima, CMR Dolan, MC Piesman, J Beard, CB Zeidner, NS AF Soares, CAG Lima, CMR Dolan, MC Piesman, J Beard, CB Zeidner, NS TI Capillary feeding of specific dsRNA induces silencing of the isac gene in nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdorferi; Isac anticomplement; RNAi ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN SID-1; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; LYME-DISEASE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; SUBSTANCE-P; C-ELEGANS; ANAPLASMA-PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; INTERFERON-GAMMA AB Ixodes scapularis transmits several pathogens including Borrelia burgdorferi. Bioactive compounds in tick saliva support tick feeding and influence pathogen transmission to the mammalian host. These studies utilized oral delivery of dsRNA to silence an anticomplement gene (isac) in I. scapularis nymphs. Silencing of isac significantly reduced fed-tick weight compared to delivery of control lacZ dsRNA, and immunoblots specific for FlaB protein indicated a reduction in spirochete load in isac-silenced infected nymphs. SDS-PAGE demonstrated that isac gene silencing affected expression of a number of salivary and non-salivary gland proteins in ticks. Finally, multiple isac cDNA homologues were cloned, and these may represent a new gene family coexpressed during tick feeding. This work presents a novel oral delivery approach for specific gene silencing in I. scapularis nymphs and characterizes the effect of isac on blood-feeding in an attempt to block transmission of B. burgdorferi. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Dept Genet, Lab Genet Mol Eucariontes & Simbiontes, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, POB 2087,Rampart Rd,Foothill Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM Naz2@cdc.gov RI Soares, Carlos/H-9464-2016 OI Soares, Carlos/0000-0001-9058-9266 NR 64 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 443 EP 452 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00575.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 946MG UT WOS:000230575800011 PM 16033437 ER PT J AU Gackstetter, GD Hooper, TI Al Qahtani, MS Smith, TC Memish, ZA Schlangen, KM Cruess, DF Barrett, DH Ryan, MAK Gray, GC AF Gackstetter, GD Hooper, TI Al Qahtani, MS Smith, TC Memish, ZA Schlangen, KM Cruess, DF Barrett, DH Ryan, MAK Gray, GC TI Assessing the potential health impact of the 1991 Gulf War on Saudi Arabian National Guard Soldiers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saudi Arabia; Persian Gulf syndrome; Gulf War syndrome; morbidity; hospitalization; military personnel; military medicine; military deployment; veterans; health; occupational exposure; environmental exposure ID POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; PERSIAN-GULF; UNITED-KINGDOM; ILL HEALTH; MILITARY PERSONNEL; DESERT-STORM; RISK-FACTORS; VETERANS; SYMPTOMS; ILLNESS AB Background There has been considerable publicity that the 1991 Gulf War may have caused a wide array of health problems in military personnel. Although post-war health outcomes have been studied in US, British, Canadian, Danish, and other deployed troops, this issue has not been previously evaluated in coalition forces native to the Gulf region. Methods A collaborative team of US and Saudi health researchers was assembled, data sources evaluated, and hospitalizations among Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG) soldiers between 1991 and 1999 analysed. Multivariate modelling was used to evaluate differences between 8342 soldiers exposed to combat at Al Khafji and a comparison group of 7270 soldiers in the Riyadh area. Results Among 15 612 SANG soldiers, we identified 148 with at least one hospitalization over the 9 years following the war. The adjusted rate of hospitalization was higher in the combat-exposed group (risk ratio (RR) = 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.59). No unusual patterns of diagnoses were found and, because the overall number of hospitalizations was low, the absolute difference in risk was found to be very small. Conclusions This is the first reported epidemiological investigation of post-war hospitalizations among coalition forces native to the Gulf region that participated in the 1991 Gulf War. A very small increase in hospitalizations was identified in SANG soldiers exposed to combat at Al Khafji. However, because of data limitations, the clinical relevance of this finding should be interpreted with caution. Future collaborative studies to better understand the health effects of deployment should be encouraged. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. King Fahad Natl Guard Hosp, Natl Guard Hlth Affairs, Infect Prevent & Control Program, King Abdul Aziz Med Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Dev Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Iowa, Gen Hosp C21D, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Gackstetter, GD (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Room A1044,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM ggackstetter@usuhs.mil NR 53 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 801 EP 808 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 957HG UT WOS:000231360300021 PM 15737976 ER PT J AU Jensen, PA AF Jensen, PA TI Where should infection control programs for tuberculosis begin? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jensen, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM PJensen@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 9 IS 8 BP 825 EP 825 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 953JT UT WOS:000231073200001 PM 16104625 ER PT J AU Kumar, MKA Dewan, PK Nair, RKJ Frieden, TR Sahu, S Wares, F Laserson, K Wells, C Granich, R Chauhan, LS AF Kumar, MKA Dewan, PK Nair, RKJ Frieden, TR Sahu, S Wares, F Laserson, K Wells, C Granich, R Chauhan, LS TI Improved tuberculosis case detection through public-private partnership and laboratory-based surveillance, Kannur District, Kerala, India, 2001-2002 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; private sector; disease notification; public health surveillance; collaboration ID IMPROVED TB CONTROL; CHI-MINH CITY; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; DOTS STRATEGY; SOUTH-INDIA; DOCTORS; HEALTH; PRACTITIONERS; MIX; DIAGNOSIS AB BACKGROUND: Efforts to intensify global tuberculosis (TB) control are limited by difficulties in coordinating with private doctors. More than half of Indian TB patients may initially consult a private provider, but many are neither diagnosed accurately nor treated effectively. We established and evaluated a public-private partnership based on surveillance of TB detected in private laboratories and use of standardised directly observed treatment regimens. METHODS: in one district, the governmental TB control programme offered training in microscopy to all large private sector laboratories, and educated private physicians on the importance of microscopy for TB diagnosis. We reviewed records from participating private laboratories and all publicly diagnosed patients. RESULTS: Of 2328 pulmonary TB patients registered from July 2001 to December 2002, 404 (17%) were detected in the private sector. The annual new AFB-positive case notification rate increased by 21%, from 27.8/ 100 000 in 2000 to 33.5/100000 in 2002. Surveillance at private laboratories found an additional 260 nonregistered AFB-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS: This public-private partnership substantially increased TB case detection and established a sustainable framework for private sector involvement in TB control. In the setting of a strong public sector programme, the combination of active surveillance of private laboratories along with physician sensitisation is a promising approach to improve TB case detection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kannur Dist Hlth Off, Kannur, India. WHO, New Delhi, India. Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Minist Hlth & Family Welf, Cent TB Div, Directorate Gen Hlth Serv, New Delhi, India. RP Dewan, PK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM phd8@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 9 IS 8 BP 870 EP 876 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 953JT UT WOS:000231073200009 PM 16104633 ER PT J AU Marks, G Crepaz, N Senterfitt, JW Janssen, RS AF Marks, G Crepaz, N Senterfitt, JW Janssen, RS TI Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States - Implications for HIV prevention programs SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV-positive persons; HIV/AIDS; high-risk sexual behavior; HIV transmission; meta-analysis ID TRANSMITTED-DISEASE RATES; PLASMA VIRAL LOAD; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; MEN; PARTNER; WOMEN; INTERVENTION; NOTIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; PREVALENCE AB Objectives: To compare the prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors in HIV+ persons aware of their serostatus with that in HIV+ persons unaware of their status in the United States and to discuss implications for HIV prevention programs. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted on 11 independent findings. Six findings compared HIV+ aware persons with independent groups of HIV+ unaware persons (between-group comparisons), and 5 findings compared seroconverting individuals before and after being notified of their HIV+ status (within-subject comparisons). Outcomes were self-reported unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse (UAV) during specified recall periods. Results: The analysis integrating all I I findings indicated that the prevalence of UAV with any partner was an average of 53% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45%-60%) lower in HIV+ persons aware of their status relative to HIV+ persons unaware of their status. There was a 68% reduction (95% CI: 59%-76%) after adjusting the data of the primary studies to focus on UAV with partners who were not already HIV+. The reductions were larger in between-group comparisons than in within-subject comparisons. Findings for men and women were highly similar. Conclusions: The prevalence of high-risk sexual behavior is reduced substantially after people become aware they are HIV+. Increased emphasis on HIV testing and counseling is needed to reduce exposure to HIV from persons unaware they are infected. Ongoing prevention services are needed for persons who know they are HIV+ and continue to engage in high-risk behavior. C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marks, G (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gmarks@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 749 Z9 775 U1 7 U2 56 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 446 EP 453 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000151079.33935.79 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 946KZ UT WOS:000230572400013 PM 16010168 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Adams, MR Cohn, DL Davidson, AJ Buskin, S Horwitch, C Morse, A Sackoff, J Thompson, M Wotring, L McCombs, SB Jones, JL AF Dworkin, MS Adams, MR Cohn, DL Davidson, AJ Buskin, S Horwitch, C Morse, A Sackoff, J Thompson, M Wotring, L McCombs, SB Jones, JL TI Factors that complicate the treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY JAN 29-FEB 03, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA DE tuberculosis; adverse events; hepatotoxicity ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UNITED-STATES; SURVIVAL; DISEASE; AIDS; ERA AB Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in persons coinfected with HIV has become increasingly complex during the past decade. We describe the factors that complicate anti-TB therapy in a large observational cohort of HIV-infected persons in the United States. Among 367 HIV-infected patients with 372 episodes of culture-confirmed TB, 44.1% had injection drug use as a mode of HIV transmission. Hepatic disease was present at the time of TB diagnosis or during anti-TB therapy for 91 episodes (24.5%). Elevation at least twice the upper limits of normal of aminotransaminases was observed during the first month of anti-TB therapy in 116 (31.2%) of the episodes. The most commonly reported adverse effects occurring during therapy were rash (27.8%), nausea (26.2%), leukopenia or neutropenia (20.2%), diarrhea (19.3%), vomiting (18.5%), and elevated temperature (> 101.5 degrees F [38.6 degrees C], 16.9%). Prescription of a rifamycin and a medication known to interact with rifamycins occurred during 270 (72.6%) episodes. Because HIV-infected patients with TB often have underlying complicating conditions, such as hepatic disease, and are treated with medications that may have toxicities and cause drug-drug interactions, we recommend that clinicians pay careful attention to these factors when treating coinfected patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Louisiana Dept Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. AIDS Res Consortium Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Detroit, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, 160 N LaSalle,7 S, Kyoto 60601, Japan. EM mdworkin@idph.state.il.us NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 464 EP 470 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000152400.36723.85 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 946KZ UT WOS:000230572400016 PM 16010171 ER PT J AU de Bruyn, G Hudgens, MG Sullivan, PS Duerr, AC AF de Bruyn, G Hudgens, MG Sullivan, PS Duerr, AC TI Participant retention in clinical trials of candidate HIV vaccines SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIDS Vaccine 2003 Conference CY SEP 18-21, 2003 CL New York, NY DE AIDS vaccines; randomized controlled trials; regression analyses; human; loss to follow-up ID HEPATITIS-B; EFFICACY; MEN AB Objective: To determine predictors of loss to follow-up (LTFU) in trials of candidate HIV vaccines. Methods: Data were obtained from trials of candidate preventive HIV vaccines conducted by the AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group (AVEG) and HIV Network for Prevention Trials (HIVNET) that enrolled HIV-negative volunteers. Analytic models included multiple logistic regression and generalized estimating equations. Results: Of 3033 volunteers enrolled in 48 trials, 282 (9.3%) persons did not complete follow-up. In univariate analyses, age, trial duration, and number of immunizations were associated with LTFU. In a multivariate logistic model, age (per year) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.95, 0.98) and study duration (per month) (AOR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08) remained significantly associated with LTFU. Conclusions: Younger age and increasing trial duration predicted LTFU. Limiting enrollment in trials of novel products to those less than 40 years of age may exclude participants shown to have improved retention. Trials should be designed to last only as long as required to address the scientific question. Retention efforts in future trials should especially address younger persons. C1 HIV Vaccine Trials Network Core Operat, Seattle, WA USA. Perinatal Res Unit, Soweto, South Africa. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Stat Ctr HIV AIDS Res & Prevent, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP de Bruyn, G (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Res Unit, Box 114,Diepkloof, ZA-1864 Johannesburg, South Africa. EM debruyng@hivsa.com OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587; de Bruyn, Guy/0000-0002-8028-4474 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-47985, AI-45200, AI-45202, AI-45205, AI-45206, AI-45207, AI-45208, AI-45209, AI-45210, AI-45211, AI-46703, AI-46747, AI-47980, AI-47996, AI-48017, AI-48021, AI-48022, AI-48023, N01 AI-45202, U01 AI-46725] NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 499 EP 501 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000148532.12329.df PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 946KZ UT WOS:000230572400021 PM 16010176 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG AF Garcia-Lerma, JG TI Diversity of thymidine analogue resistance genotypes among newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected persons SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE revertant viruses; fitness; virus evolution ID HIV-1 DRUG-RESISTANCE; VIRUS TYPE-1 RESISTANCE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; IN-VIVO; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ZIDOVUDINE RESISTANCE; REPLICATIVE FITNESS; PRIMARY INFECTION; MUTATIONS; TRANSMISSION AB The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in a significant decrease in HIV and AIDS-related mortality and morbidity. However, these treatments can select for drug-resistant viruses which are associated with poor virological responses to the antiretroviral therapy and possible loss of clinical benefit. Drug-resistant viruses can also be transmitted between individuals. In the absence of drug pressure, transmitted drug-resistant viruses gradually lose resistance mutations that confer a selective disadvantage as they evolve to more fit viruses. As a result, unusual resistance-related genotypes not commonly seen in treated patients may arise in the population. Viruses with unique patterns of thymidine analogue-associated mutations (TAMs) have now been identified in a substantial proportion of treatment-naive recently diagnosed persons. In this leading article, I discuss these findings and the potential impact of these unique reverse transcriptase (RT) genotypes on evolution of resistance and treatment responses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Garcia-Lerma, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GGarcia-lerma@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 56 IS 2 BP 265 EP 269 DI 10.1093/jac/dki194 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 953QK UT WOS:000231094000004 PM 15951354 ER PT J AU Sacchi, CT Alber, D Dull, P Mothershed, EA Whitney, AM Barnett, GA Popovic, T Mayer, LW AF Sacchi, CT Alber, D Dull, P Mothershed, EA Whitney, AM Barnett, GA Popovic, T Mayer, LW TI High level of sequence diversity in the 16S rRNA genes of Haemophilus influenzae isolates is useful for molecular subtyping SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UPTAKE SIGNAL SEQUENCES; SEROTYPE-B STRAINS; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; HETEROGENEITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENOME; TOOL; DNA; REEMERGENCE C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, CDC,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Modena, Fac Med, Sch Microbiol & Virol, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sacchi, CT (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, CDC,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS D-11,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cls9@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 3734 EP 3742 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.8.3734-3742.2005 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 954EL UT WOS:000231136800020 PM 16081903 ER PT J AU Pope, V Fox, K Liu, H Marfin, AA Leone, P Sena, AC Chapin, J Fears, MB Markowitz, L AF Pope, V Fox, K Liu, H Marfin, AA Leone, P Sena, AC Chapin, J Fears, MB Markowitz, L TI Molecular subtyping of Treponema pallidum from North and South Carolina SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-I GENE; SYPHILIS; SPECIMENS; BLOOD AB Patients from five clinics in North and South Carolina who had lesions suggestive of primary or secondary syphilis were evaluated using molecular techniques that allow the differentiation of Treponema pallidum strains on the basis of two variable genes, tpr and arp. Lesion samples were screened for the presence of T. pallidum DNA using PCR for polA, which represents a segment of the polymerase I gene that is unique to the spirochete. Twenty-seven of 154 lesion samples were found to contain T. pallidum, 23 of which had typeable DNA. Seven molecular subtypes were found (10f,12f,13f,14f,14g, 15f, and 16f); one to four subtypes were identified at each clinic. Subtype 14f was found in 52% of the typeable specimens and was distributed in four of the five clinics. Subtype 16f was found in 22% of specimens and was concentrated at one clinic. Further data are needed to define the role of this technique in examining the epidemiology of syphilis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Pope, V (reprint author), CDC, NCHSTP, OD, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vpope@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 3743 EP 3746 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.8.3743-3746.2005 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 954EL UT WOS:000231136800021 PM 16081904 ER PT J AU Swenson, JM Tenover, FC AF Swenson, JM Tenover, FC CA Cefoxitin Disk Study Grp TI Results of disk diffusion testing with cefoxitin correlate with presence of mecA in Staphylococcus spp. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 30 MU-G; METHICILLIN RESISTANCE; OXACILLIN RESISTANCE; MRSA-SCREEN; AUREUS; AGAR; RELIABILITY; GENE AB The cefoxitin disk diffusion (DD) test for predicting mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance in staphylococci was assessed during a three-phase study. In phase 1, one laboratory tested 62 and 53 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), respectively. These data were used to choose the provisional cefoxitin DD breakpoints (resistant/susceptible) of <= 19 mm/>= 20 mm for S. aureus and <= 24 mm/>= 25 mm for CONS for the next phase of testing. In phase 2, 10 laboratories each tested approximately 40 in-house strains of staphylococci (half of which were S. aureus) using Mueller-Hinton agar from different manufacturers. In this phase, the sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of the cefoxitin disk test were 98 and 100% for S. aureus and 99 and 96% for CONS. The cefoxitin DD test performed equivalently to oxacillin broth microdilution (BMD) and to oxacillin DD tests among S. aureus and mecA-positive CONS strains but gave better results than oxacillin BMD or oxacillin DD for mecA-negative strains of CONS. The cefoxitin DD test also was much easier to read and did not require the use of transmitted light for detection of resistance. Based on data from the first two phases, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI; formerly NCCLS) adopted the use of the cefoxitin DD test for predicting mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance in staphylococci and revised Table 2C in CLSI document M100-S14 to reflect the change. In the third phase, an additional 61 challenge strains of CONS for which the oxacillin MICs were 0.5 to 2 mu g/ml were tested in a single laboratory to determine the effectiveness of the cefoxitin DD test for this group of borderline-resistant isolates. These data were used to refine the description of the test in CLSI document M100-S15. The cefoxitin DD test is preferred over the oxacillin DD test for predicting mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance in S. aureus and CONS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swenson, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mailstop G08,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jswenson@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 103 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 3818 EP 3823 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.8.3818-3823.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 954EL UT WOS:000231136800034 PM 16081917 ER PT J AU Weissfeld, AS Halliday, RJ Simmons, DE Trevino, EA Vance, PH O'Hara, CM Sowers, EG Kern, R Koy, RD Hodde, K Bing, M Lo, C Gerrard, J Vohra, R Harper, J AF Weissfeld, AS Halliday, RJ Simmons, DE Trevino, EA Vance, PH O'Hara, CM Sowers, EG Kern, R Koy, RD Hodde, K Bing, M Lo, C Gerrard, J Vohra, R Harper, J TI Photorhabdus asymbiotica, a pathogen emerging on two continents that proves that there is no substitute for a well-trained clinical microbiologist SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUMINESCENS AB A 54-year-old ranch hand presented to the emergency room with an alleged spider bite and multiple abscesses. Both wound and blood cultures grew Photorhabdus asymbiotica, an enteric gram-negative rod that was initially misidentified by the hospital's rapid identification system. Clinical laboratories should be aware of the limitations of their rapid identification systems and always use them as an adjunct to analysis of morphological and phenotypic traits. C1 Microbiol Specialists Inc, Houston, TX 77054 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Memorial Herman Katy Hosp, Katy, TX 77494 USA. Gold Coast Hosp, Southport, Qld, Australia. Princess Alexandra Hosp, Queensland Hlth Pathol & Sci Serv, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia. RP Weissfeld, AS (reprint author), Microbiol Specialists Inc, 8911 Interchange Dr, Houston, TX 77054 USA. EM micro@microbiologyspecialists.com NR 5 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 4152 EP 4155 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.8.4152-4155.2005 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 954EL UT WOS:000231136800080 PM 16081963 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, GS De Jonckheere, JF Sriram, R Daft, B AF Visvesvara, GS De Jonckheere, JF Sriram, R Daft, B TI Isolation and molecular typing of Naegleria fowleri from the brain of a cow that died of primary amebic meningoencephalitis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Naegleria fowleri causes an acute and rapidly fatal central nervous system infection called primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in healthy children and young adults. We describe here the identification of N. fowleri isolated from the brain of one of several cows that died of PAM based on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacers, including the 5.8S rRNA genes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Sci Inst Publ Hlth, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Sch Vet Med, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, San Bernardino Branch, San Bernardino, CA USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS-F-13,Chamblee Campus, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gsv1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 4203 EP 4204 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.8.4203-4204.2005 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 954EL UT WOS:000231136800095 PM 16081978 ER PT J AU Milan, S Ickovics, J Vlahov, D Boland, R Schoenbaum, E Schuman, P Moore, J AF Milan, S Ickovics, J Vlahov, D Boland, R Schoenbaum, E Schuman, P Moore, J TI Interpersonal predictors of depression trajectories in women with HIV SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIDS-RELATED BEREAVEMENT; UNITED-STATES; ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS; HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY; INFECTED MEN; PRIMARY-CARE; RISK; SYMPTOMS; DISEASE; PEOPLE AB This article tests an interpersonal model of depression symptom trajectories tailored to the experiences of women with HIV. Specifically, the authors examined how bereavement, maternal role difficulty, HIV-related social isolation, and partner conflict predicted change in depressive symptoms over 5 years in 761 women with HIV, controlling for sociodemographic and clinical health factors. Of these interpersonal characteristics, partner. conflict emerged as a robust predictor of change in depressive symptoms in growth curve and cross-lag models. Results highlight the need for interventions focusing on interpersonal issues, particularly intimate relationships, in women with HIV. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Milan, S (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, 406 Babbidge Rd,Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM stephanie.milan@uconn.edu NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 4 BP 678 EP 688 DI 10.1037/0022-006X.73.4.678 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 967TI UT WOS:000232113700011 PM 16173855 ER PT J AU Griffin, SO Griffin, PM Swann, JL Zlobin, N AF Griffin, SO Griffin, PM Swann, JL Zlobin, N TI New coronal caries in older adults: Implications for prevention SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coronal caries; incidence; increment; attack rate; adults ID 80-YEAR-OLD SWEDISH INDIVIDUALS; ROOT CARIES; DENTAL-CARIES; TOOTH LOSS; 5-YEAR INCIDENCE; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; EXPERIENCE; DENTITION AB To characterize the extent and severity of coronal caries among older US adults and document their need for prevention interventions, we systematically reviewed studies on coronal caries incidence, increment, and attack rate. We abstracted six studies and calculated summary measures using a random-effects model (95% confidence interval [ 95% CI]). We tested for heterogeneity and identified associated factors by examining the correlation between outcome measures and baseline population risk and study characteristics. We re-calculated summary measures after adjusting outcomes that netted out examiner reversals. Incidence and increment varied significantly by study. Adjusting studies for netting out examiner reversals reduced heterogeneity significantly. Annual attack rate among adjusted North American studies was 1.4 surfaces per 100 surfaces ( 95% CI = 1.0-1.9), or approximately 1 new carious surface per person per year. These rates are equal to or higher than those in children and indicate a need for caries-prevention services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Griffin, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MSF10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sig1@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 84 IS 8 BP 715 EP 720 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 947XK UT WOS:000230680400006 PM 16040728 ER PT J AU Lollar, DJ Simeonsson, RJ AF Lollar, DJ Simeonsson, RJ TI Diagnosis to function: Classification for children and youths SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE function; classification; children; youths; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health ID INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION; HEALTH ICF; DISABILITIES AB This article provides an overview of a newly approved World Health Organization framework and classification system for human functioning. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) identifies dimensions of human functioning and describes a common language for clinical practice, research, and policy development across disciplines and service systems. This presentation highlights the development of a version of the ICF for children and youths (ICF-CY) and its potential utility in developmental and behavioral pediatrics. Clinical, research, and policy dimensions are described. Limitations related to scope and clarity of the framework are also outlined. The article proposes that serious consideration be given the ICF-CY as an integrated system to clarify constructs, improve communication, and encourage coordination of health services for children and youths. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Lollar, DJ (reprint author), CDC, NCBDDD, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,E87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 26 IS 4 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1097/00004703-200508000-00012 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 955TA UT WOS:000231249300010 PM 16100508 ER PT J AU Okoro, CA Young, SL Strine, TW Balluz, LS Mokdad, AH AF Okoro, CA Young, SL Strine, TW Balluz, LS Mokdad, AH TI Uninsured adults aged 65 years and older: Is their health at risk? SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE Medically uninsured; aged; health behavior; access to health care; preventive health services; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ID PREVENTIVE SERVICES; UNITED-STATES; INSURANCE-COVERAGE; MANAGED CARE AB Some U.S. adults aged 65 years and older lack health care coverage. As a result, they may have unmet health needs and be vulnerable to excess morbidity and mortality. Due to their small numbers, little data on them exist. We used data from the 1996-2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing telephone survey operated by the state health departments with assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to examine a representative sample of adults 65 years old and older. We found that blacks and Hispanics were disproportionately represented among uninsured older adults. Compared with their insured counterparts, the uninsured elderly experienced cost barriers to needed care, lacked receipt of an annual checkup, and did not receive preventive health screenings. Given the projected growth of the elderly population, particularly among blacks and Hispanics, it is crucial to ensure all older adults have access to preventive health services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Okoro, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM cokoro@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 453 EP 463 DI 10.1353/hpu.2005.0058 PG 11 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 952YE UT WOS:000231041400006 PM 16086008 ER PT J AU Adekoya, N AF Adekoya, N TI Infectious diseases treated in emergency departments: United States, 2001 SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 132nd Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 06-10, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc DE emergency departments; infectious diseases; National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care ID VISITS; CARE; TRENDS; MORTALITY; CAPACITY; COSTS; RACE AB Emergency departments (EDs) are an important source of medical care in the United States. Information is limited concerning epiderniologic patterns of ED visits for infectious diseases. Data for 2001 from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) were analyzed for infectious disease visits. The NHAMCS is a national probability sample survey of visits to hospital EDs and outpatient departments of non-federal, short-stay, and general hospitals in the United States. Data are collected annually and are weighted to generate national estimates. In 2001, an estimated 19.8 million visits were made to hospital EDs for infectious diseases (rate = 71 visits/ 1,000 persons). Children under 15 years old made 36% of these visits and had the highest rate of visits (rate = 119 visits/1,000 persons). The rate of visits for females was 37% higher than for males (82 versus 60/ 1,000 persons). Although the white population had the highest volume of visits, the rate of visits for blacks was more than twice that of whites (130 versus 64 visits/1,000 persons). Laboratory tests were ordered in 84% of visits. An estimated 18% of visits to the EDs concern infectious diseases. The issue of health care access and ED use is complex and the reasons for the higher rate of visits for blacks than for whites are not fully understood. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Adekoya, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. EM NBA7@CDC.GOV NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 487 EP 496 DI 10.1353/hpu.2005.0044 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 952YE UT WOS:000231041400009 PM 16118838 ER PT J AU Hunter, SB Varma, V Shehata, B Nolen, JDL Cohen, C Olson, JJ Ou, CY AF Hunter, SB Varma, V Shehata, B Nolen, JDL Cohen, C Olson, JJ Ou, CY TI Apolipoprotein D expression in primary brain tumors: Analysis by quantitative RT-PCR in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE brain tumors; apolipoprotein D; PCR; astrocytoma; medulloblastoma ID PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; BREAST-CANCER; MESSENGER-RNA; D SECRETION; PROLIFERATION; HYBRIDIZATION; TRANSCRIPTION; LOCALIZATION AB Apolipoprotein D (apoD) expression has been shown to correlate both with cell cycle arrest and with prognosis in several types of malignancy, including central nervous system astrocytomas and medulloblastomas. ApoD expression was investigated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR using RNA extracted from 68 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain specimens. Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase was used as an internal control. Quantitation was achieved on all specimens. Sixteen poorly infiltrating WHO grade I glial neoplasms (i.e., pilocytic astrocytomas and gangliogliomas) showed an average 20-fold higher apoD expression level compared with the 20 diffusely infiltrating glial neoplasms (i.e., glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, oligodendrogliomas; p=0.00004). A small number of exceptions (i.e., two high-expressing glioblastomas and three low-expressing gangliogliomas) were identified. Analyzed as individual tumor groups, poorly infiltrating grade I pilocytic astrocytomas and gangliogliomas differed significantly from each tumor type within the diffusely infiltrating higher-grade category (p < 0.05 for each comparison) but not from each other (p > 0.05). Conversely, each individual tumor type within the diffusely infiltrating category differed significantly from both pilocytic astrocytomas and gangliogliomas (p < 0.05) but did not vary from other infiltrating tumors (p > 0.05). Ependymomas, non-infiltrating grade II neoplasms, expressed levels of apoD similar to or lower than levels expressed by the diffusely infiltrating gliomas. Ten medulloblastomas with survival longer than 3 years averaged slightly higher apoD expression than four fatal medulloblastomas; however, this result was not statistically significant and individual exceptions were notable. In 17 of the medulloblastomas, MIB-1 proliferation rates quantitated by image cytometry did not correlate with apoD expression. In addition, apoD expression was 5-fold higher in the slowly proliferating grade I glial neoplasms compared with non-proliferating normal brain tissue (p=0.01), suggesting that apoD expression is not simply an inverse measure of proliferation. ApoD expression measured by quantitative RT-PCR may be useful in the differential diagnosis of primary brain tumors, particularly pilocytic astrocytomas and gangliogliomas. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hunter, SB (reprint author), Emory Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, H-173,1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM Stephen_Hunter@Emory.org NR 21 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 53 IS 8 BP 963 EP 969 DI 10.1369/jhc.4A6530.2005 PG 7 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 949TM UT WOS:000230811000005 PM 16055749 ER PT J AU Hannan, A Li, RW Benton-Davis, S Grummer-Strawn, L AF Hannan, A Li, RW Benton-Davis, S Grummer-Strawn, L TI Regional variation in public opinion about breastfeeding in the United States SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding rates; regional variation; social norms; cultural norms; public opinions ID SOCIAL SUPPORT AB Because social and cultural norms are associated with women's breastfeeding behaviors, it is important to understand public opinions toward breastfeeding in the United States. Using data from the Healthstyles survey, the authors examined regional variations in (1) public knowledge about health benefits of breastfeeding, (2) public attitudes toward breastfeeding in public, (3) public support for workplace breastfeeding policies, and (4) public perceptions about breastfeeding duration. Pacific, West South Central, West North Central, and Mountain respondents were the most knowledgeable about the health benefits of breastfeeding. Mountain. New England, and Pacific respondents exhibited the most positive attitudes about breastfeeding in public. Mountain and Pacific respondents showed the strongest support for workplace breastfeeding polices. Pacific, Mountain, and East North Central respondents displayed the most positive perceptions about breastfeeding duration. This study emphasizes the need to learn from the best regions and apply subsequent findings to those regions having less positive public opinions and low breastfeeding rates. C1 DeKalb Cty Board Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hannan, A (reprint author), Clifton Springs Hlth Ctr, 3110 Clifton Springs Rd, Atlanta, GA 30034 USA. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0890-3344 J9 J HUM LACT JI J. Hum. Lact. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 284 EP 288 DI 10.1177/0890334405278490 PG 5 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 949AP UT WOS:000230757600007 PM 16113017 ER PT J AU Kyaw, MH Rose, CE Fry, AM Singleton, JA Moore, Z Zell, ER Whitney, CG AF Kyaw, MH Rose, CE Fry, AM Singleton, JA Moore, Z Zell, ER Whitney, CG CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI The influence of chronic illnesses on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases CY MAY 09-13, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; RISK; HIV; BACTEREMIA; COUNTY; IMPACT; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Pneumococcal disease is more frequent and more deadly in persons with certain comorbidities. We used 1999 and 2000 data from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to determine rates of invasive pneumococcal disease in healthy adults (>= 18 years old) and in adults with various high-risk conditions. The risks of invasive pneumococcal disease in persons with specific chronic illnesses was compared with that in healthy adults, controlling for age, race, and the other chronic illnesses. Overall incidence rates, in cases/100,000 persons, were 8.8 in healthy adults, 51.4 in adults with diabetes, 62.9 in adults with chronic lung disease, 93.7 in adults with chronic heart disease, and 100.4 in adults who abused alcohol. Among the high-risk groups evaluated, risk was highest in adults with solid cancer (300.4), HIV/AIDS (422.9), and hematological cancer (503.1). Incidence rates increased with advancing age in adults with chronic lung disease, diabetes, and solid cancer. Black adults had higher incidence rates than white adults, both in healthy adults and in adults with chronic illnesses. These data support recommendations to provide pneumococcal vaccine to persons in these at-risk groups and underscore the need for better prevention strategies for immunocompromised persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kyaw, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkyaw@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 128 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 3 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1086/431521 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 943WZ UT WOS:000230387500004 PM 15995950 ER PT J AU Woodward, DL Clark, CG Caldeira, RA Ahmed, R Soule, G Bryden, L Tabor, H Melito, P Foster, R Walsh, J Ng, LK Malcolm, GB Strockbine, N Rodgers, FG AF Woodward, DL Clark, CG Caldeira, RA Ahmed, R Soule, G Bryden, L Tabor, H Melito, P Foster, R Walsh, J Ng, LK Malcolm, GB Strockbine, N Rodgers, FG CA Canadian Publ Hlth Lab Network TI Identification and characterization of Shigella boydii 20 serovar nov., a new and emerging Shigella serotype SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROVISIONAL SEROVAR AB Analysis of 163 putative Shigella isolates from Canada and the USA showed biochemical reactions consistent with Shigella species, although none of the isolates reacted with antiserum raised against any of the well-established or provisional Shigella serotypes. All these isolates, provisionally designated serotype SH 108, were positive for the ipaH gene and the invasion-associated locus. All fermented mannitol, were serologically indistinguishable from each other and showed no reaction in antisera prepared against Escherichia coli serotypes O1 to O181. PCR-RFLP analysis of the genes involved in O-antigen synthesis revealed a common pattern among these isolates that was distinct from recognized Shigella serotypes and E coli. Between 1999 and 2003, isolates from across Canada were submitted to the National Laboratory for Enteric Pathogens for antibiotic susceptibility testing, phage typing and PFGE. These assays revealed heterogeneity among the members of this serotype. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing with seven antibiotics identified six profiles, with 90% (45/50) of the isolates resistant to four or more antibiotics and 72% (36/50) resistant to five or more. All isolates were typable using a panel of 16 phages, with 11 different phage types (PTs) represented. The most common PTs found were PT 3 (64%), PT 6 (10%) and PT 16 (6%). Analysis of Xbal-restricted genomic DNA revealed 16 highly related patterns that were not readily distinguishable from those obtained for some other Shigella serotypes. The World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Shigella has added serotype SH 108 to the Shigella scheme as S. boydii serotype 20 (serovar nov.). Strain SH 108 (isolate 99-4528) is the reference strain for this serotype. C1 Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Bacteriol & Enter Dis Program, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. Bur Microbial Hazards, Hlth Prod & Food Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Microbiol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Woodward, DL (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Bacteriol & Enter Dis Program, Natl Microbiol Lab, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. EM David_Woodward@phac-aspc.gc.ca NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 54 IS 8 BP 741 EP 748 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.46095-0 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 958KV UT WOS:000231446000007 PM 16014427 ER PT J AU O'Callaghan, JP Sriram, K AF O'Callaghan, JP Sriram, K TI Glial signaling, TNF-alpha and dopaminergic neurodegeneration SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Neurochemistry/European-Society-for-Neurochemi stry CY AUG 21-26, 2005 CL Innsbruck, AUSTRIA SP Int Soc Neurochem, European Soc Neurochem C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 94 SU 2 BP 130 EP 130 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 961PD UT WOS:000231673400362 ER PT J AU Kinney, HC Myers, MM Belliveau, RA Randall, LL Trachtenberg, FL Ten Fingers, S Youngman, M Habbe, D Fifer, WP AF Kinney, HC Myers, MM Belliveau, RA Randall, LL Trachtenberg, FL Ten Fingers, S Youngman, M Habbe, D Fifer, WP TI Subtle autonomic and respiratory dysfunction in sudden infant death syndrome associated with serotonergic brainstem abnormalities: A case report SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE arcuate nucleus of the medulla oblongata; autonomic nervous system; autoradiography; head-tilt; heart rate variability ID NORTHERN PLAINS INDIANS; RECEPTOR-BINDING; MEDULLARY RAPHE; NEURONS; AGE; DYNAMICS; POSITION; REGION; SLEEP; RAT AB Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is characterized by a sleep-related death in a seemingly healthy infant. Previously, we reported abnormalities in the serotonergic (5-HT) system of the medulla in SIDS cases in 2 independent datasets, including in the Northern Plains American Indians. The medullary 5-HT system is composed of 5-HT neurons in the raphe, extra-raphe, and arcuate nucleus at the ventral surface. This system is thought to modulate respiratory and autonomic function, and thus abnormalities within it could potentially lead to imbalances in sympathetic and parasympathetic tone. We report the case of a full-term American Indian boy who died of SIDS at 2 postnatal weeks, and who had subtle respiratory and autonomic dysfunction measured prospectively on the second postnatal day. Cardiorespiratory assessment of heart rate variability suggested that the ratio of parasympathetic to sympathetic tone was higher than normal in active sleep and lower than normal in quiet sleep in this case. At autopsy, arcuate nucleus hypoplasia and 5-HT receptor-binding abnormalities in the arcuate nucleus and other components of the medullary 5-HT system were found. This case suggests that medullary 5-HT system abnormalities may be able to be identified by such physiological tests before death. Replication of these findings in a large population may lead to the development of predictive cardio-respiratory assessment tools for future screening to identify infants with medullary 5-HT abnormalities and SIDS risk. C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10027 USA. CDC, NW Portland Area Indian Hlth Board, NW Tribal Epidemiol Program, Div Reprod Hlth, Portland, OR USA. Oglala Lakota Coll, Dept Nursing, Pine Ridge, SD USA. Rapid City Reg Med Ctr, Rapid City, SD USA. New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. RP Kinney, HC (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM hannah.kinney@childrens.harvard.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-CRMC-92-05, HD32774] NR 25 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 64 IS 8 BP 689 EP 694 DI 10.1097/01.jnen.0000174334.27708.43 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 956VF UT WOS:000231327300005 PM 16106217 ER PT J AU Mei, ZG Cogswell, ME Parvanta, I Lynch, S Beard, JL Stoltzfus, RJ Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Mei, ZG Cogswell, ME Parvanta, I Lynch, S Beard, JL Stoltzfus, RJ Grummer-Strawn, LM TI Hemoglobin and ferritin are currently the most efficient indicators of population response to iron interventions: An analysis of nine randomized controlled trials SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron deficiency; hemoglobin; ferritin; transferrin receptor ID UNITED-STATES; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVALENCE; DEFICIENCY; IMPROVES; ANEMIA; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; GROWTH; SALT AB Governments and donor agencies have implemented pilot and large-scale iron fortification programs, but there has been no consensus on the best choice of indicators to monitor population response to these interventions. We analyzed data from 9 randomized iron intervention trials to determine which of the following indicator(s) of iron status show the largest response in a population: hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, transferrin receptor (TfR), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), mean cell volume (MCV), transferrin saturation (TS), and total body-iron store, We expressed the change in each indicator in response to the iron intervention in SD units (SDU) for the intervention group compared with the control group. Ferritin increased by >= 0.2 SDU in all trials and was significant in 7. Hb changed by >= 0.2 SDU in 6 and was significant in 5. TfR increased by >= 0.2 SDU in 5 of 8 interventions in which it was measured and was significant in 4. ZPP increased by >= 0.2 SDU and was significant in 3 of 6 interventions. Excluding Hb, the indicator with the largest change in SDU was ferritin in 4 trials, TS in 2 trials, body-iron store in 2 trials, and TfR in 1. In the 2 cases in which body-iron stores showed the largest change, the change in ferritin was nearly as large. Our results suggest that with currently available technologies, ferritin shows larger and more consistent response to iron interventions than ZPP or TfR. We cannot make confident inference about MCV or TS, which were included in only 4 and 2 trials, respectively. It is possible that the optimal indicator(s) may differ with age, sex, and pregnancy. There were too few trials in each age and sex group to allow us to explore this question. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Internal Med, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, State Coll, PA USA. Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mei, ZG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zmei@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 135 IS 8 BP 1974 EP 1980 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 972TQ UT WOS:000232476500022 PM 16046725 ER PT J AU Van Campen, LE Morata, T Kardous, CA Gwin, K Wallingford, KM Dallaire, J Alvarez, FJ AF Van Campen, LE Morata, T Kardous, CA Gwin, K Wallingford, KM Dallaire, J Alvarez, FJ TI Ototoxic occupational exposures for a stock car racing team: I. Noise surveys SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE automobile racing; noise; professional stock car racing; race shop; racetrack; track operation ID HEARING-LOSS; PERFORMANCE AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveyed noise exposure for a professional stock car, team at their race shop and during two races at one racetrack. At the team's shop, area sound pressure levels (SPLs) were measured for various work tasks. Equivalent levels (Leqs) ranged from 58 to 104 decibels, A-weighted (dBA). Personal noise dosimetry was conducted for at least one employee for each job description in race car assembly (n = 9). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 90 dBA for an 8-hour, 5-dB exchange rate time-weighted average (TWA) was never exceeded, but in two instances values exceeded OSHA's action level of 85 dBA for hearing conservation implementation. The NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL) of 85 dBA for a 3-dB exchange rate Leq was exceedea for five of the measured jobs. During the races, SPLs averaged above 100 dBA in the pit area n,here cars undergo adjustments/refueling, both before and during the race. Peak levels reached 140 dB SPL. NIOSH REL was exceeded for every personal noise dosimetry measurement. Recommendations for hearing protection and communication are presented. C1 NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Human Performance Int Inc, Charlotte, NC USA. NIOSH, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Van Campen, LE (reprint author), Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corp Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. EM vancampen_l_e@lilly.com RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 2 IS 8 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1080/1545962059109644 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 952WE UT WOS:000231035600003 PM 16080260 ER PT J AU Campbell, DL Coffey, CC Jensen, PA Zhuang, Z AF Campbell, DL Coffey, CC Jensen, PA Zhuang, Z TI Reducing respirator fit test errors: A multi-donning approach SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE fit test accuracy; quantitative fit test; respirators ID FITTING CHARACTERISTICS; FACEPIECE RESPIRATORS; PERFORMANCE; PROTECTION AB As a continuation of recent studies to assess the accuracy of existing fit test methods, a multi-donning approach to fit testing is presented. As an example of that approach, a multidonning quantitative fit test for filtering-facepiece respirators is presented and analyzed by comparing its error rates with those of the single-donning approach of current fit test methods. That analysis indicates the multi-donning fit test has the potential to reduce both the alpha error and the beta error to half that of single-donning fit tests. The alpha error is the error of failing a respirator that should pass; the beta error is the error of passing a respirator that should fail. Lowering fit test error rates for filtering-facepiece respirators is important because fit testing is an essential means of helping assure that an individual has selected an adequately fitting respirator. To reduce the alpha and beta error inherent in current fit test methods, the proposed fit test for filtering-facepiece respirators incorporates five donnings of the facepiece, unlike the single donning of existing fit test methods. The analysis presented here indicates that the multiple-donning approach reduces the element of chance in the fit test result and thereby increases the consistency and accuracy of the fit tests. The time to conduct the multi-donning test can approximate the time for current, single-donning tests by shortening the time the respirator is worn after each donning to about 10 sec. And, unlike current fit tests for filtering-fiacepieces that measure only faceseal leakage, the example multiple-donning fit test considered here is based on a measurement of total leakage (Jaceseal plus filter). Utilizing total respirator leakage can result in simpler quantitative fit test instrumentation and a fit test that is more relevant to the workplace. Further trials with human subjects are recommended it order to validate the proposed multidonning approach. C1 NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zhuang, Z (reprint author), 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM zaz3@cdc.gov RI Coffey, Christopher/I-2471-2012; Zhuang, Ziqing/K-5462-2012 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 2 IS 8 BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1080/15459620500182174 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 952WE UT WOS:000231035600004 PM 16080261 ER PT J AU Gwin, KK Wallingford, KM Morata, TC Van Campen, LE Dallaire, J Alvarez, FJ AF Gwin, KK Wallingford, KM Morata, TC Van Campen, LE Dallaire, J Alvarez, FJ TI Ototoxic occupational exposures for a stock car racing team: II. Chemical surveys SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE automobile racing; professional stock car racing; race shop; racetrack; carbon monoxide; CO; lead; organic compounds; solvents AB The National Institute for Occupational Sa ty, and Health (NIOSH) conducted a series of surveys to evaluate occupational exposure to noise and potentially ototoxic chemical agents among members of a professional stock car racing team. Exposure assessments included site visits to the team's race shop and a worst-case scenario racetrack. During site visits to the race team's shop, area samples were collected to measure exposures to potentially ototoxic chemicals, including, organic compounds (typical of solvents), metals, and carbon monoxide (CO). Exposures to these chemicals were all below their corresponding Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limits (PELs), NIOSH recommended exposure limits (RELs), and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists values (TLVs (R)). During site visits to the racetrack, area and personal samples were collected for organic compounds, lead, and CO in and around the "pit " area where the cars undergo race preparation and service during the race. Exposures to organic compounds and lead were either nondetectable or too low to quantify. Twenty-five percent of the CO time-weighted average concentrations exceeded the OSHA PEL, NIOSH REL, and ACGIH TLV after being adjusted,for a 10-hour workday. Peak CO measurements exceeded the NIOSH recommended ceiling limit of 200 ppm. Based on these data, exposures to potentially ototoxic chemicals are probably not high enough to produce an adverse effect greater than that produced by v the high sound pressure levels alone. However, carbon monoxide levels occasionally exceeded all evaluation criteria at the racetrack. C1 NIOSH, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Div Surveillance, Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Human Performance Int Inc, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Gwin, KK (reprint author), Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Environm Hlth & Safety Branch, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Beltsville, MD USA. EM kristin.gwin@fsis.usda.gov RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 2 IS 8 BP 406 EP 413 DI 10.1080/15459620500203798 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 952WE UT WOS:000231035600006 PM 16009649 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lopez, B Alvarez, M Mendoza, C Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Lopez, B Alvarez, M Mendoza, C Lehmann, T TI Isolation, tissue distribution, and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens from Guatemala SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; BRAZIL; CATS; GENOTYPE; INFECTIONS; OOCYSTS; DISEASE; PARANA; SHEEP AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T gondii in 50 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Guatemala was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies were found in 37 (74%) chickens with titers of 1:5 (11), 1:10 (7), 1:20 (11), 1:40 (1), 1:80 (1), 1:160 (3), 1:1,280 (2). and 1:2,560 (1). Hearts, pectoral muscles, and brains of 19 chickens with MAT titers of 1:20 or more were bioassayed individually in mice. Tissues from the remaining 31 chickens with titers of 1:10 or lower were pooled and fed to 4 T. gondii-free cats (13 chickens with titers of less than 1:5 to 1 cat, 11 chickens with titers of 1:5 to 2 cats, and 7 chickens with titers of 1:10 to 1 cat). Feces of cats were examined for oocysts: they did not shed oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 8 chickens with MAT titers of 1:20 or more (from 1 of 11 chickens with a titer of 1:20 and all 7 chickens with a titer of 1:80 or more) from the heart. brain, and pectoral muscle (3); heart and pectoral muscle (1); and heart alone (4). Genotyping of these 8 isolates with the SAG2 locus indicated that 5 were type III and 3 were type I. This is the first report of isolation of T gondii from chickens from Guatemala. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anin Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Estudios Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anin Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 91 IS 4 BP 955 EP 957 DI 10.1645/GE-493R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 963OS UT WOS:000231814200039 PM 17089774 ER PT J AU Schwarz, K Garrett, B Lamoreux, T Bowser, YD Weinbaum, C Alter, MJ AF Schwarz, K Garrett, B Lamoreux, T Bowser, YD Weinbaum, C Alter, MJ TI Hepatitis B vaccination rate of homeless children in Baltimore SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B; vaccines; homeless children ID IMMUNIZATION REGISTRY; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; ACCURACY AB Objective: To investigate the hepatitis B vaccination rate in homeless children 2 to 18 years old living in Baltimore City. Methods: During a 21-month period, 250 children from homeless shelters were enrolled. Results: The percent of children who had received 3 or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine was inversely related to age; 90% in 2- to 5-year-olds and 29% in 13- to 18-year-olds (P < 0.0001). Seventy percent of 2- to 5-year-olds had at least some of their vaccine history recorded in the Baltimore Immunization Registry Program but the history was complete in only half. Forty-two percent of 13- to 18-year-olds had no hepatitis B vaccine doses recorded in any source; 49 per cent of 10- to 18-year-olds were either not immunized or had received only one hepatitis B vaccine dose. Conclusions: Hepatitis B vaccine coverage is high in homeless children up to 9 years of age, whereas the majority of homeless children 10 years of age and older are unprotected against hepatitis B virus infection. Tracking the vaccine records in homeless children is labor intensive. Better public health strategies to deliver hepatitis B vaccine to older homeless children are urgently needed. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schwarz, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 600 N Wolfe St,Brady 320, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM kschwarz@jhmi.edu FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA13743] NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1097/01.mpg.0000172886.77795.d4 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 950VA UT WOS:000230885000013 PM 16056104 ER PT J AU Ko, G Jothikumar, N Hill, VR Sobsey, MD AF Ko, G Jothikumar, N Hill, VR Sobsey, MD TI Rapid detection of infectious adenoviruses by mRNA real-time RT-PCR SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; TaqMan((R)) RT-PCR; molecular detection; infectivity ID CELL-CULTURE; AMPLIFICATION; TYPE-40; ENTEROVIRUSES; CHILDREN; VIRUSES; WATERS AB Adenoviruses are among the most persistent and ubiquitous viruses in water and wastewater, but some of them are difficult to detect due to non-cytopathogenicity and slow growth in cell cultures. A TaqMan (R) real-time RT-PCR method in conjunction with cell culture infectivity was developed to rapidly detect mRNA produced by infectious adenoviruses in water samples. Only infectious adenoviruses were detected by this method, based on their ability to produce mRNA during replication in cell culture. The mRNA of Ad41 was detected as soon as 3 days after infection at levels as low as 5 infectious units (IU) per cell culture. In order to confirm that our methods detected only infectious viruses, 1-ml volumes of 10(4) IU of Ad41 were exposed to different free chlorine doses. No mRNA was detected in cells inoculated with Ad41 treated with the highest free chlorine dose of 100 mg min/l. However, mRNA of adenovirus was detected in cells inoculated with virus that was untreated or exposed to a lower free chlorine dose of I mg min/l. These results suggest that mRNA detection by real-time RT-PCR is a sensitive and specific method to detect low levels of infectious adenoviruses in water and other environmental media within 1-3 days. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77225 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Ko, G (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, 1200 Herman Pressler Dr,RAS W-634, Houston, TX 77225 USA. EM gko@sph.utb.tmc.edu RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 NR 24 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 2005 VL 127 IS 2 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.02.017 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 943LK UT WOS:000230355000006 PM 15967237 ER PT J AU Sullivan, ST Mandava, U Evans-Strickfaden, T Lennox, JL Ellerbrock, TV Hart, CE AF Sullivan, ST Mandava, U Evans-Strickfaden, T Lennox, JL Ellerbrock, TV Hart, CE TI Diversity, divergence, and evolution of cell-free human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vaginal secretions and blood of chronically infected women: Associations with immune status SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-1 INFECTION; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; RNA LEVELS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; TREATMENT INTERRUPTION; IN-VIVO AB human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections are believed to be the result of exposure to the virus in genital secretions. However, prevention and therapeutic strategies are usually based on characterizations of HIV-1 in blood. To understand better the dynamics between HIV-1 quasispecies in the genital tract and blood, we performed heteroduplex assays on amplified env products from cell-free viral RNA in paired vaginal secretion (VS) and blood plasma (BP) samples of 14 women followed for 1.5 to 3.5 years. Diversity and divergence were less in VS than in BP (P = 0.03 and P < 0.01, respectively), and divergence at both sites was correlated with blood CD4(+) cell levels (VS, P = 0.05; BP, P = 0.01). Evolution of quasispecies was observed in 58% of the women; the loss or gain of quasispecies in VS or BP was always accompanied by such changes at the other site. In addition, sustained compartmentalization of quasispecies in VS was found for four women, even as CD4(+) cell levels decreased to low levels (< 50 cells/mu l). Quasispecies changes over time were associated with fluctuations in CD4+ cell levels; concordant increases or decreases in VS and BP divergence had greater CD4+ cell level changes than intervals with discordant changes (P = 0.05), and women with evolving quasispecies had greater decreases in CD4+ cell levels compared to that for women who maintained the same quasispecies (P < 0.05). Thus, diversity, divergence, and evolution of cell-free HIV-1 in VS can be different from that in BP, and dynamics between their respective quasispecies are associated with changes in CD4+ cell levels. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Grady Infect Dis Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Care & Treatment, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hart, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ceh4@cdc.gov RI Lennox, Jeffrey/D-1654-2014 OI Lennox, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2064-5565 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU412279] NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 79 IS 15 BP 9799 EP 9809 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.15.9799-9809.2005 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 946MC UT WOS:000230575300042 PM 16014941 ER PT J AU Kroc, K Howerton, D AF Kroc, K Howerton, D TI Report of a survey of ASCP members concerning point-of-care rapid HIV testing and the clinical laboratory SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Hektoen Inst Med Res, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kroc, K (reprint author), Hektoen Inst Med Res, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 36 IS 8 BP 468 EP 469 DI 10.1309/GHJ4C5PGU3A2L9N5 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 949GA UT WOS:000230771900008 ER PT J AU Mu, JB Joy, DA Duan, JH Huang, YM Carlton, J Walker, J Barnwell, J Beerli, P Charleston, MA Pybus, OG Su, XZ AF Mu, JB Joy, DA Duan, JH Huang, YM Carlton, J Walker, J Barnwell, J Beerli, P Charleston, MA Pybus, OG Su, XZ TI Host switch leads to emergence of Plasmodium vivax malaria in humans SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE malaria; mitochondrial DNA; host switch; Plasmodium vivax; cophylogeny mapping ID BLOOD-GROUP LOCUS; AMINO-ACID SITES; NATURAL-SELECTION; GENE-SEQUENCES; CYTOCHROME-B; ORIGIN; EVOLUTIONARY; MONKEYS; PHYLOGENY; PARASITES AB The geographical origin of Plasmodium vivax, the most widespread human malaria parasite, is controversial. Although genetic closeness to Asian primate malarias has been confirmed by phylogenetic analyses, genetic similarities between P. vivax and Plasmodium simium, a New World primate malaria, suggest that humans may have acquired P. vivax from New World monkeys or vice versa. Additionally, the near fixation of the Duffy-negative blood type (FY X B-null/FY X B-null) in West and Central Africa, consistent with directional selection, and the association of Duffy negativity with complete resistance to vivax malaria suggest a prolonged period of host-parasite coevolution in Africa. Here we use Bayesian and likelihood methods in conjunction with cophylogeny mapping to reconstruct the genetic and coevolutionary history of P. vivax from the complete mitochondrial genome of 176 isolates as well as several closely related Plasmodium species. Taken together, a haplotype network, parasite migration patterns, demographic history, and cophylogeny mapping support an Asian origin via a host switch from macaque monkeys. C1 NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg Ctr Dis Prevent & C, Guangxi, Guangxi, Peoples R China. Inst Genom Res, Parasite Genom Grp, Rockville, MD USA. Westmead Hosp, Parasitol Sect, Ctr Infect Dis, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. Westmead Hosp, Microbiol Lab Serv, ICPMR, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. Florida State Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Informat Technol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Sydney, SUBIT, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Joy, DA (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. EM djoy@niaid.nih.gov; x.su@niaid.nih.gov RI pybus, oliver/B-2640-2012; Beerli, Peter/A-3638-2009; OI Beerli, Peter/0000-0003-0947-5451; Pybus, Oliver/0000-0002-8797-2667; Su, Xinzhuan/0000-0003-3246-3248 NR 48 TC 123 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 EI 1537-1719 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1686 EP 1693 DI 10.1093/molbev/msi160 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 945XW UT WOS:000230537300005 PM 15858201 ER PT J AU Anyanful, A Dolan-Livengood, JM Lewis, T Sheth, S DeZalia, MN Sherman, MA Kalman, LV Benian, GM Kalman, D AF Anyanful, A Dolan-Livengood, JM Lewis, T Sheth, S DeZalia, MN Sherman, MA Kalman, LV Benian, GM Kalman, D TI Paralysis and killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli requires the bacterial tryptophanase gene SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; ENTEROCYTE EFFACEMENT; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; C-ELEGANS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PROTEIN TRANSLOCATION; VIRULENCE FACTORS; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; EFFACING PHENOTYPE; REGULATORY SYSTEM AB Pathogenic Escherichia coli, including enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) are major causes of food and water-borne disease. We have developed a genetically tractable model of pathogenic E. coli virulence based on our observation that these bacteria paralyse and kill the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Paralysis and killing of C. elegans by EPEC did not require direct contact, suggesting that a secreted toxin mediates the effect. Virulence against C. elegans required tryptophan and bacterial tryptophanase, the enzyme catalysing the production of indole and other molecules from tryptophan. Thus, lack of tryptophan in growth media or deletion of tryptophanase gene failed to paralyse or kill C. elegans. While known tryptophan metabolites failed to complement an EPEC tryptophanase mutant when presented extracellularly, complementation was achieved with the enzyme itself expressed either within the pathogen or within a cocultured K12 strains. Thus, an unknown metabolite of tryptophanase, derived from EPEC or from commensal non-pathogenic strains, appears to directly or indirectly regulate toxin production within EPEC. EPEC strains containing mutations in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), a pathogenicity island required for virulence in humans, also displayed attenuated capacity to paralyse and kill nematodes. Furthermore, tryptophanase activity was required for full activation of the LEE1 promoter, and for efficient formation of actin-filled membranous protrusions (attaching and effacing lesions) that form on the surface of mammalian epithelial cells following attachment and which depends on LEE genes. Finally, several C. elegans genes, including hif-1 and egl-9, rendered C. elegans less susceptible to EPEC when mutated, suggesting their involvement in mediating toxin effects. Other genes including sek-1, mek-1, mev-1, pgp-1,3 and vhl-1, rendered C. elegans more susceptible to EPEC effects when mutated, suggesting their involvement in protecting the worms. Moreover we have found that C. elegans genes controlling lifespan (daf-2, age-1 and daf-16), also mediate susceptibility to EPEC. Together, these data suggest that this C. elegans/EPEC system will be valuable in elucidating novel factors relevant to human disease that regulate virulence in the pathogen or susceptibility to infection in the host. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Microbiol & Mol Genet Grad Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM dkalman@emory.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR051466-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5T32 DK007771, R21 DK065069-01] NR 94 TC 84 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-382X EI 1365-2958 J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 57 IS 4 BP 988 EP 1007 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04739.x PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 950WB UT WOS:000230888300011 PM 16091039 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Barr, DB Caudill, SP Pirkle, JL Turner, WE Osterloh, J Jones, RL Sampson, EJ AF Needham, LL Barr, DB Caudill, SP Pirkle, JL Turner, WE Osterloh, J Jones, RL Sampson, EJ TI Concentrations of environmental chemicals associated with neurodevelopmental effects in US population SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Neurotoxicology Conference CY FEB 10-14, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI DE NHANES; biomonitoring; POPs; lead; pesticides; CDC ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; HUMAN URINE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; GENERAL-POPULATION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; HUMAN-SERUM; BLOOD; EXPOSURE AB Humans are exposed to many environmental chemicals, some of which can potentially affect neurodevelopment. Fetuses, infants, and young children are the most susceptible to the effects of these chemicals. As part of the National Health and Examination Survey, 1999-2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention analyzed biological samples for many of these chemicals in a representative sampling of the U.S. population. Concentration data of selected metals, persistent organic pollutants, organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, and cotinine are presented. For example, the 95th percentile estimates for serum total PCBs (whole weight) in the population aged 20 years and older is about 2.7 ng/g. The 95th percentile estimates for serum dioxin total toxic equivalence in the U.S. population aged 20 years and older is between 40 and 50 pg/g lipid basis. In general, human levels of these chemicals are decreasing over time in the U.S. population. This reflects the effects of legislation, industry efforts, and changes in lifestyle/activity patterns in the U.S. population. These data will continue to be collected in 2-year cycles and thus allow changes in human levels to be followed. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Needham, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Toxicol Branch, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lneedham@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 30 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 26 IS 4 BP 531 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2004.09.005 PG 15 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 961VH UT WOS:000231689400006 PM 16112319 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Barr, DB Calafat, AM AF Needham, LL Barr, DB Calafat, AM TI Characterizing children's exposures: beyond NHANES SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Neurotoxicology Conference CY FEB 10-14, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI DE biomonitoring; NHANES; limitations ID SEX-RATIO; PHTHALATE; DIOXIN; SERUM AB Biomonitoring programs, such as those being conducted at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in conjunction with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), are of benefit to all disciplines of environmental public health. However all programs have limitations, and like most things in science, "One size does not fit all." We point out some of these limitations, particularly those dealing with the amount of biological sample available from various age groups and the specificity of the exposure assessment. We recommend additional studies to supplement the NHANES biomonitoring data. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Needham, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Mailstop F17,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lneedham@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 26 IS 4 BP 547 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2004.09.006 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 961VH UT WOS:000231689400007 PM 16112320 ER PT J AU Perera, FP Rauh, V Whyatt, RM Tang, D Tsai, WY Bernert, JT Tu, YH Andrews, H Barr, DB Camann, DE Diaz, D Dietrich, J Reyes, A Kinney, PL AF Perera, FP Rauh, V Whyatt, RM Tang, D Tsai, WY Bernert, JT Tu, YH Andrews, H Barr, DB Camann, DE Diaz, D Dietrich, J Reyes, A Kinney, PL TI A summary of recent findings on birth outcomes and developmental effects of prenatal ETS, PAH, and pesticide exposures SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Neurotoxicology Conference CY FEB 10-14, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI DE environmental tobacco smoke; material hardship; birth outcomes; PAH; prenatal; insecticides ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; INNER-CITY CHILDREN; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POSTNATAL LEAD-EXPOSURE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; COCAINE EXPOSURE; SERUM COTININE; AIR-POLLUTION; WEIGHT; PREGNANCY AB Inner-city minority populations are high-risk groups for adverse birth outcomes and also more likely to be exposed to environmental contaminants, including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), benzo[a]pyrene B[a]P, other ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (global PAHs), and residential pesticides. The Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health (CCCEH) is conducting a prospective cohort study of 700 northern Manhattan pregnant women and newborns to examine the effects of prenatal exposure to these common toxicants on fetal growth, early neurodevelopment, and respiratory health. This paper summarizes results of three published studies demonstrating the effects of prenatal ETS, PAH, and pesticides on birth outcomes and/or neurocognitive development [Perera FP, Rauh V Whyatt RM, Tsai WY Bernert JT Tit YH, et al. Molecular evidence of an interaction between prenatal environment exposures on birth outcomes in a multiethnic population. Environ Health Perspect 2004;12:630-62; Rauh VA, Whyatt RM, Garfinkel R, Andrews H, Hoepner L, Reyes A, et al. Developmental effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and material hardship among inner-city children. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2004;26:373-85; Whyatt RM, Rauh V Barr DB, Camann DE, Andrews HF Garfinkel R, et al. Prenatal insecticide exposures, birth weight and length among an urban minority cohort. Environ Health Perspect, in press]. To evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to ETS, PAHs, and pesticides, researchers analyzed questionnaire data, cord blood plasma (including biomarkers of ETS and pesticide exposure), and B[a]P-DNA adducts (a molecular dosimeter of PAHs). Self-reported ETS was associated with decreased head circumference (P = 0.04), and there was a significant interaction between ETS and adducts such that combined exposure had a significant multiplicative effect on birth weight (P = 0.04) and head circumference (P = 0.01) after adjusting for confounders. A second analysis examined the neurotoxic effects of prenatal ETS exposure and postpartum material hardship (unmet basic needs in the areas of food, housing, and clothing) on 2-year cognitive development. Both exposures depressed cognitive development (P < 0.05), and there was a significant interaction such that children with exposure to both ETS and material hardship exhibited the greatest cognitive deficit (7.1 points). A third analysis found that cord chlorpyrifos, and a combined measure of cord chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and propoxur-metabolite, were inversely associated with birth weight and/or length (P < 0.05). These results underscore the importance of policies that reduce exposure to ETS, air pollution, and pesticides with potentially adverse effects on fetal growth and child neurodevelopment. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Perera, FP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM fpp1@columbia.edu RI Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00645]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES008977, 5 R01 ES08977, 5P01 ES09600, P01 ES009600, R01 ES012468, R01 ES06722, R01ES111158] NR 74 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 6 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 26 IS 4 BP 573 EP 587 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2004.07.007 PG 15 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 961VH UT WOS:000231689400010 PM 16112323 ER PT J AU Risher, JF Amler, SN AF Risher, JF Amler, SN TI Mercury exposure: Evaluation and intervention - The inappropriate use of chelating agents in the diagnosis and treatment of putative mercury poisoning SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Neurotoxicology Conference CY FEB 10-14, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI DE metallic mercury; mercury poisoning; chelation ID BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; METHYLMERCURY; VAPOR; INHALATION; EXCRETION; TOXICITY; INTOXICATION AB Public awareness of the potential for mercury to cause health problems has increased dramatically in the last 15 years. It is now widely recognized that significant exposure to all forms of mercury (elemental/metallic and both inorganic and organic compounds) can result in a variety of adverse health effects, including neurological, renal, respiratory, immune, dermatologic, reproductive, and developmental sequellae. And while the various media have made the general population cognizant of the need to avoid unnecessary exposure to this naturally occurring element, there has also evolved a growing tendency to attribute unexplainable neurologic, as well as other signs and symptoms to mercury, whether or not significant exposure to mercury has actually occurred. For the physician, making a diagnosis of mercury intoxication can be difficult, because many of the clinical signs and symptoms of mercury exposure can also be attributed to any number of causes, including undiagnosed neurological diseases, pharmacotherapy, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, and psychological stress. The physician must be able to recognize the clinical manifestations of mercury intoxication, and understand the importance of biological markers in making a definitive diagnosis of mercury poisoning. In a desire to treat the patient complaining of symptoms similar to some that can be caused by mercury, a growing number of physicians, particularly those in alternative medicine fields, result to chelation to "rid" the body of the mercury believed to be the cause of the ailments. And although the use of chelation is increasing, controlled studies showing that this procedure actually improves outcome are lacking. If chelation therapy is considered to be indicated, the attending physician should communicate the risks of chelation to the patient before beginning treatment with metal-chelating drugs. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol F32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Risher, JF (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol F32, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jrisher@cdc.gov NR 67 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 26 IS 4 BP 691 EP 699 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2005.05.004 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 961VH UT WOS:000231689400020 PM 16009427 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Homa, DM Matte, T Hernandez-Avila, M AF Mannino, DM Homa, DM Matte, T Hernandez-Avila, M TI Active and passive smoking and blood lead levels in US adults: Data from the third national health and nutrition examination survey SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; EXPOSURE; DETERMINANTS; POPULATION; CHILDREN; CADMIUM; BONE; ALCOHOL; AREAS; DUST AB Lead is a component of tobacco and tobacco smoke. We examined the relationship between current, former, and passive smoking and blood lead levels in a nationally representative sample of 16,458 U.S. adults, aged 17 years or older, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). We used linear and logistic regression modeling, adjusting for known covariates, to determine the relationship between smoking and blood lead levels. Geometric mean blood lead levels were 1.8 mu g/dl, 2.1 mu g/dl, and 2.3 mu g/dl in neversmokers with no, low, and high cotinine levels, respectively. Levels were 2.9 mu g/dl in former smokers and 3.5 mu g/dl in current smokers. The adjusted linear regression model showed that geometric mean blood lead levels were 30% higher (95% CI=24%-36%) in adults with high cotinine levels than they were in those with no detectable cotinine. Active and passive smoking is associated with increased blood lead levels in U.S. adults. C1 Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Dept Med,Sch Med, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Salud Poblac, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Dept Med,Sch Med, 740 S Limestone,K-528, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM dmannino@uky.edu OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 7 IS 4 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1080/14622200500185264 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 972SY UT WOS:000232474700009 PM 16085527 ER PT J AU Burstein, GR Snyder, MH Conley, D Newman, DR Walsh, CM Tao, GY Irwin, KL AF Burstein, GR Snyder, MH Conley, D Newman, DR Walsh, CM Tao, GY Irwin, KL TI Chlamydia screening in a Health Plan before and after a national performance measure introduction SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National STD Prevention Conference 2004 CY MAR 08-11, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP STD ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PREVENTIVE SERVICE DELIVERY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; OFFICE SYSTEMS; TRACHOMATIS; INFECTION; NOTIFICATION; PHYSICIANS AB Objective: To evaluate chlamydia-screening policies, testing practices, and the proportion testing positive in response to the new Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) chlamydia-screening performance measure in a large commercial health plan. Methods: We interviewed health plan specialty departmental chiefs to describe interventions used to increase chlamydia screening and examined electronic medical records of 15- to 26-year-old female patients - 37,438 from 1998 to 1999 and 37,237 from 2000 to 2001 - who were classified as sexually active by HEDIS specifications to estimate chlamydia testing and positive tests 2 years before and after the HEDIS measure introduction. Results: In January 2000, the obstetrics and gynecology department instituted a policy to collect chlamydia tests at the time of routine Pap tests on all females 26 years old or younger by placing chlamydia swabs next to Pap test collection materials. Other primary care departments provided screening recommendations and provider training. During 1998-1999, 57% of eligible female patients seen by obstetrics and gynecology exclusively and 63% who were also seen by primary care were tested for chlamydia; in 2000-2001 the proportions tested increased to 81% (P < 001) and 84% (P < .001). Proportions tested by other primary care specialists did not increase substantially: 30% in 1998-1999 to 32% in 2000-2001. The proportion of females testing positive remained high after testing rates increased: 8% during 1998-1999 and 7% during 2000-2001, and the number of newly diagnosed females increased 10%. Conclusion: After the obstetrics and gynecology department introduced a simple systems-level change in response to the HEDIS measure, the proportion of females chlamydia-tested and number of newly diagnosed females increased. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente Mid Atlantic States, Rockville, MD USA. RP Burstein, GR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gburstein@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 106 IS 2 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000171119.81704.51 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 948LR UT WOS:000230717800018 PM 16055583 ER PT J AU Reddy, U Branum, A Klebanoff, M AF Reddy, U Branum, A Klebanoff, M TI Relationship of maternal body mass index and height to twinning - Reply SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 NICHHD, Pregnancy & Perinatol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant Child & Womens Hlth Stat Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Reddy, U (reprint author), NICHHD, Pregnancy & Perinatol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 106 IS 2 BP 411 EP 411 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000169607.78155.7f PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 948LR UT WOS:000230717800034 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MG Holman, RC Curns, AT O'Reilly, M McQuiston, JH Steiner, CA AF Reynolds, MG Holman, RC Curns, AT O'Reilly, M McQuiston, JH Steiner, CA TI Epidemiology of cat-scratch disease hospitalizations among children in the United States SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Bartonella; cat-scratch disease; epidemiology; Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project; hospitalization AB Background: Cat-scratch disease (CSD), caused by infection with Bartonella henselae, affects both children and adults but is principally a pediatric disease. Typical CSD is generally benign and self-limited and is characterized by regional lymphadenopathy with fever. Infections can, however, be accompanied by focal or diffuse inflammatory responses (atypical CSD) involving neurologic, organ (liver/spleen), lymphatic or skeletal systems. Methods: Pediatric hospitalizations with CSD listed as a diagnosis were examined using the Kids' Inpatient Database for the year 2000. National estimates of CSD-associated hospitalizations, hospitalization rates and various hospitalization statistics were examined for patients younger than 18 years of age. Results: During 2000, an estimated 437 (SE 43) pediatric hospitalizations associated with CSD occurred among children younger than 18 years of age in the United States. The national CSD-associated hospitalization rate was 0.60/100,000 children younger than 18 years of age (95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.72) and 0.86/100,000 children younger than 5 years of age (95% CI 0.64-1.07). Accompanying diagnoses included neurologic complications (12%), organ (liver/spleen) involvement (7%) and "other" (5%). Atypical CSD accounted for similar to 24% of the CSD-associated hospitalizations. The median charge for a CSD-associated hospitalization was $6140 with total annual hospital charges of similar to$3.5 million among children in the United States. Conclusions: The CSD-associated hospitalization rate among children during 2000 appeared similar to those estimated for the 1980s in the United States, despite significant increases in cat ownership in the intervening time. Early serologic and molecular testing for CSD in children is suggested to minimize unnecessary interventions and promote optimally effective care when supportive measures are required. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Field Epidemiol Training Program Thailand, Nonthaburi, Thailand. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Healthcare Cost & Utilizat Project, Ctr Delivery Org & Markets, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Reynolds, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, MS G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nzr6@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 8 BP 700 EP 704 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000172185.01939.fc PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 958EQ UT WOS:000231427900008 PM 16094224 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG AF Whitney, CG TI Impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; vaccine; children; pneumococcus; epidemiology ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; INFECTIONS; VACCINATION; YOUNGER; SAFETY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 8 BP 729 EP 730 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000174138.25465.ec PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 958EQ UT WOS:000231427900014 PM 16094230 ER PT J AU Blumberg, SJ O'Connor, KS Kenney, G AF Blumberg, SJ O'Connor, KS Kenney, G TI Unworried parents of well children: A look at uninsured children who reportedly do not need health insurance SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE health insurance coverage gaps; health service utilization; parental attitudes; parental beliefs ID CARE NEEDS; PARTICIPATION; ACCESS AB Objectives. We examined the characteristics of uninsured children from low-income households whose parents reported that health insurance coverage was not needed. Methods. With data from the 2001 National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs, we used logistic-regression analyses to investigate the odds of reporting that uninsured children do not need insurance for various sociodemographic groups and children of varying health status. We also explored the odds of health care use, awareness of Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program ( SCHIP), and desire to enroll according to the reported need for insurance. Results. Parents of 6.8% of uninsured children from low-income households reported that their children did not need insurance. Rates were highest for American Indian/Alaska Native children (15.2%) and children whose parents completed the interview in a non-English language (10.6%). Rates were lowest for children with special health care needs (2.8%) and children with >= 7 school absences attributable to illness or injury in the past year (2.6%). Relative to children with another reason for lacking insurance, children who reportedly did not need insurance were less likely to have needed ( adjusted odds ratio: 0.49) or used (adjusted odds ratio: 0.45) health care services in the past year and their parents were less likely to have heard of Medicaid or SCHIP ( adjusted odds ratio: 0.58) or to have a desire to enroll their children if their children were eligible for Medicaid or SCHIP ( adjusted odds ratio: 0.25). Conclusions. Increasing participation among uninsured children whose parents do not perceive a need for insurance coverage may require more than simply increasing knowledge about the availability of public insurance programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Urban Inst, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Blumberg, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 2112, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sblumberg@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2005 VL 116 IS 2 BP 345 EP 351 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2085 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 951FU UT WOS:000230915600024 PM 16061588 ER PT J AU Bisgard, KM Rhodes, P Connelly, BL Bi, DL Hahn, C Patrick, S Glode, MP Ehresmann, KR AF Bisgard, KM Rhodes, P Connelly, BL Bi, DL Hahn, C Patrick, S Glode, MP Ehresmann, KR CA Pertussis Investigation Team TI Pertussis vaccine effectiveness among children 6 to 59 months of age in the United States, 1998-2001 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pertussis; children; vaccine effectiveness ID COMPONENT DTP VACCINE; HOUSEHOLD EXPOSURE; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY; YOUNG INFANTS; DTAP VACCINE; RISK-FACTORS; IMMUNIZATION; ADOLESCENTS AB Background. Despite the dramatic pertussis decrease since the licensure of whole-cell pertussis (diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis [DTP]) vaccines in the middle 1940s, pertussis remains endemic in the United States and can cause illness among persons at any age; > 11000 pertussis cases were reported in 2003. Since July 1996, in addition to 2 DTP vaccines already in use, 5 acellular pertussis (diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis [DTaP]) vaccines were licensed for use among infants; 3 DTaP vaccines were distributed widely during the study period. Because of the availability of 3 DTaP and 2 DTP vaccines and the likelihood of the vaccines being used interchangeably to vaccinate children with the recommended 5-dose schedule, measuring the effectiveness of the pertussis vaccines was a high priority. Objective. To measure the pertussis vaccine effectiveness (VE) among US children 6 to 59 months of age. Design. We conducted a case-control study in the Cincinnati, Ohio, metropolitan area, Colorado, Idaho, and Minnesota. Participants. Confirmed pertussis cases among children 6 to 59 months of age at the time of disease onset, with onset in 1998-2001, were included. For each case subject, 5 control children were matched from birth certificate records, according to the date of birth and residence. Outcome Measures. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain vaccination data from parents and providers. Parents/guardians were asked about demographic characteristics, child care attendance, the number of household members who stayed at the same home as the enrolled child for >= 2 nights per week, and cough illness of >= 2-week duration among these household members in the month before the case patient's cough onset. Pertussis vaccine doses among case children were counted as valid if they were received >= 14 days before the cough onset date ("valid period"). The age of the case patient (in days) at the end of the valid period was determined, and doses of vaccine for the matched control subjects were counted as valid if they were received by that age. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the matched odds ratios (ORs) for pertussis according to the number of pertussis vaccine doses. The VE was calculated with the following formula: (1 - OR) x 100. Because the pertussis antigen components or amounts differed according to vaccine, the VE of 3 or 4 doses of DTP and/or DTaP was estimated according to the recorded vaccine manufacturer and vaccine type. Results. All enrolled children (184 case subjects and 893 control subjects) had their vaccine history verified. The proportions of children who received 0, 1 or 2, 3, and >= 4 pertussis (DTP and/or DTaP) vaccine doses among case subjects were 26%, 14%, 26%, and 34% and among control subjects were 2%, 8%, 33%, and 57%, respectively. Compared with 0 doses, the unadjusted VE estimate for 1 or 2 pertussis doses was 83.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61.1-93.1%), that for 3 doses was 95.6% (95% CI: 89.7-98.0%), and for >= 4 doses was 97.7% (95% CI: 94.7 99.0%). Among children who received 4 pertussis vaccinations, the risk of pertussis was slightly higher among those who received only 1 type of vaccine (either 4 DTP doses or 4 DTaP doses), compared with those who received a combination of DTP for doses 1 to 3 and DTaP for dose 4 (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.2). Among children who received 3 or 4 DTaP vaccine doses, the risk of pertussis was slightly higher among those who received a DTaP vaccine with 4 pertussis antigen components (a vaccine no longer available), compared with those who received the DTaP vaccine with 2 pertussis antigen components ( OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-5.8). Among children who received 4 doses, the risk of pertussis was 2.7 times higher for children who received dose 4 early (age of <= 13 months), compared with children who received dose 4 at an older age (age of >= 14 months) 95% CI: 1.1-6.8). For children 6 to 23 months of age, features of household structure were significant risk factors for pertussis. In a multivariate model, compared with living with an older parent (>= 25 years of age), not living with an "other" household member ( a relative other than a parent or sibling or a nonrelated person), and not living with a sibling 6 to 11 years of age, the risk of pertussis for children 6 to 23 months of age was 6.8 times higher if they lived with a young parent (<= 24 years of age) (95% CI: 3.1-15.0), 2.5 times higher if they lived with an "other" household member (95% CI: 1.2-5.4), and 2.2 times higher if they lived with a sibling 6 to 11 years of age (95% CI: 1.2-4.3). Adjusting for these risk factors did not change the VE. Compared with control children, case children were significantly more likely to live with a household member (representing all age groups and relationships) who reported a recent cough illness with duration of >= 2 weeks (87 [52%] of 168 case subjects, compared with 79 [8%] of 860 control subjects). Conclusions. Any combination of >= 3 DTP/DTaP vaccine doses for children 6 to 59 months of age was highly protective against pertussis. However, there were differences according to vaccine type (DTaP or DTP) and DTaP manufacturer. Among children who received 4 pertussis vaccine doses, a combination of 3 DTP doses followed by 1 DTaP dose had a slightly higher VE than other combinations; among children who received 3 or 4 DTaP vaccine doses, 1 DTaP vaccine performed less well. The finding that pertussis dose 4 was more effective when given to children at >= 14 months of age might be confounded if health care providers were more likely to vaccinate children at 12 months of age because of a perceived risk of undervaccination and if these same children were also at higher risk for pertussis. Household members of any age group and relationship could have been the source of pertussis, and household structure was associated with risk for pertussis for children 6 to 23 months of age. In contrast to control children in the study, 26% of case children had never been vaccinated against pertussis. Unvaccinated children are at risk for pertussis and, in a community with other unvaccinated children, can lead to community-wide pertussis outbreaks. Parents need to be educated about the morbidity and mortality risks associated with Bordetella pertussis infection, and they need to be encouraged to vaccinate their children against pertussis on time and with the recommended number of vaccine doses for optimal protection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Idaho Dept Hlth & Welfare, Boise, ID USA. Idaho State Univ, Inst Rural Hlth Studies, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Bisgard, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,M-S E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbisgard@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2005 VL 116 IS 2 BP E285 EP E294 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2759 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 951FU UT WOS:000230915600016 PM 16061582 ER PT J AU Huhman, M Potter, LD Wong, FL Banspach, SW Duke, JC Heitzler, CD AF Huhman, M Potter, LD Wong, FL Banspach, SW Duke, JC Heitzler, CD TI Effects of a mass media campaign to increase physical activity among children: Year-1 results of the VERB campaign SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children; evaluation; physical activity; media campaign ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DOSE-RESPONSE; OBESITY; ADOLESCENCE; HEALTH; YOUTH; PREVALENCE; CHILDHOOD; SMOKING; ADULTS AB Objective. To determine the effects of a mass media campaign on the levels of physical activity among children 9 to 13 years of age. Design. A prospective, longitudinal, quasi-experimental design was used. A baseline survey was conducted in April to June 2002, before the launch of VERB advertising. Random-digit-dialing methods were used to survey a nationally representative sample of children and parents. The follow-up survey was repeated with the same cohort of children and parents in April to June 2003. Propensity scoring was used to determine the campaign's effects on awareness and physical activity behaviors. Setting. United States. Participants. A total of 3120 parent-child dyads. Intervention. The VERB campaign is a multiethnic campaign that combines paid advertisements with school and community promotions and Internet activities to encourage children 9 to 13 years of age to be physically active every day. Launched in 2002 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, VERB uses commercial marketing methods to advertise being physically active as cool, fun, and a chance to have a good time with friends. Using the VERB brand, paid advertising ran nationally from June 2002 through June 2003, targeting 9- to 13-year-old youths. Main Outcome Measures. Children's awareness of the campaign and self-reported estimates of free-time and organized physical activity sessions during non-school hours in the week before the interview. Results. After 1 year, 74% of children surveyed were aware of the VERB campaign. Levels of reported sessions of free-time physical activity increased for subgroups of children 9 to 13 years of age. A pattern of effects across 2 measures was observed for younger children (9 - 10 years of age), girls, children whose parents had less than a high school education, children from urban areas that were densely populated, and children who were low active at baseline. These subgroups engaged in more median weekly sessions of free-time physical activity than did children who were unaware of VERB and, as the children's level of VERB awareness was incrementally higher, the children engaged in incrementally more free-time physical activity sessions. The average 9- to 10-year-old youth engaged in 34% more free-time physical activity sessions per week than did 9- to 10-year-old youths who were unaware of the campaign. A pattern of effects for organized activity was found only for children classified as low active at baseline. Conclusions. The VERB campaign achieved high levels of awareness in 1 year. Higher levels of physical activity were reported for subgroups of US children. Promoting physical activity with child-focused commercial advertising shows promise. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Huhman, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-94, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mhuhman@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2005 VL 116 IS 2 BP E277 EP E284 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0043 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 951FU UT WOS:000230915600015 PM 16061581 ER PT J AU Kiang, KM Ogunmodede, F Juni, BA Boxrud, DJ Glennen, A Bartkus, JM Cebelinski, EA Harriman, K Koop, S Faville, R Danila, R Lynfield, R AF Kiang, KM Ogunmodede, F Juni, BA Boxrud, DJ Glennen, A Bartkus, JM Cebelinski, EA Harriman, K Koop, S Faville, R Danila, R Lynfield, R TI Outbreak of osteomyelitis/septic arthritis caused by Kingella kingae among child care center attendees SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Kingella kingae; osteomyelitis; septic arthritis ID BLOOD CULTURE BOTTLES; STERILE BODY-FLUIDS; SEPTIC ARTHRITIS; SYNOVIAL-FLUID; OSTEOARTICULAR INFECTIONS; RESPIRATORY CARRIAGE; CONVENTIONAL METHODS; INVASIVE INFECTIONS; PEDIATRIC PATHOGEN; CLINICAL-FEATURES AB Objective. Kingella kingae often colonizes the oropharyngeal and respiratory tracts of children but infrequently causes invasive disease. In mid-October 2003, 2 confirmed and 1 probable case of K kingae osteomyelitis/ septic arthritis occurred among children in the same 16- to 24-month-old toddler classroom of a child care center. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of K kingae colonization and invasive disease among child care attendees. Methods. Staff at the center were interviewed, and a site visit was performed. Oropharyngeal cultures were obtained from the staff and children aged 0 to 5 years to assess the prevalence of Kingella colonization. Bacterial isolates were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed. A telephone survey inquiring about potential risk factors and the general health of each child was also conducted. All children and staff in the affected toddler classroom were given rifampin prophylaxis and recultured 10 to 14 days later. For epidemiologic and microbiologic comparison, oropharyngeal cultures were obtained from a cohort of children at a control child care center with similar demographics and were analyzed using the same laboratory methods. The main outcome measures were prevalence and risk factors for colonization and invasive disease and comparison of bacterial isolates by molecular subtyping and DNA sequencing. Results. The 2 confirmed case patients required hospitalization, surgical debridement, and intravenous antibiotic therapy. The probable case patient was initially misdiagnosed; MRI 16 days later revealed evidence of ankle osteomyelitis. The site visit revealed no obvious outbreak source. Of 122 children in the center, 115 (94%) were cultured. Fifteen (13%) were colonized with K kingae, with the highest prevalence in the affected toddler classroom (9 [45%] of 20 children; all case patients tested negative but had received antibiotics). Six colonized children were distributed among the older classrooms; 2 were siblings of colonized toddlers. No staff (n = 28) or children aged < 16 months were colonized. Isolates from the 2 confirmed case patients and from the colonized children had an indistinguishable PFGE pattern. No risk factors for invasive disease or colonization were identified from the telephone survey. Of the 9 colonized toddlers who took rifampin, 3 (33%) remained positive on reculture; an additional toddler, initially negative, was positive on reculture. The children of the control child care center demonstrated a similar degree and distribution of K kingae colonization; of 118 potential subjects, 45 (38%) underwent oropharyngeal culture, and 7 (16%) were colonized with K kingae. The highest prevalence again occurred in the toddler classrooms. All 7 isolates from the control facility had an indistinguishable PFGE pattern; this pattern differed from the PFGE pattern observed from the outbreak center isolates. 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the outbreak K kingae strain exhibited > 98% homology to the ATCC-type strain, although several sequence deviations were present. Sequencing of the control center strain demonstrated more homology to the outbreak center strain than to the ATCC-type strain. Conclusions. This is the first reported outbreak of invasive K kingae disease. The high prevalence in the affected toddler class and the matching PFGE pattern are consistent with child-to-child transmission within the child care center. Rifampin was modestly effective in eliminating carriage. DNA sequence analysis suggests that there may be considerable variability within the species K kingae and that different K kingae strains may demonstrate varying degrees of pathogenicity. C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Sect Acute Dis Invest & Control, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Gillette Childrens Hosp, St Paul, MN USA. RP Lynfield, R (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Sect Acute Dis Invest & Control, 717 Delaware St,SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. EM ruth.lynfield@health.state.mn.us NR 49 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2005 VL 116 IS 2 BP E206 EP E213 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2051 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 951FU UT WOS:000230915600005 PM 16024681 ER PT J AU Sly, DF Arheart, K Dietz, N Trapido, EJ Nelson, D Rodriguez, R McKenna, J AF Sly, DF Arheart, K Dietz, N Trapido, EJ Nelson, D Rodriguez, R McKenna, J TI The outcome consequences of defunding the Minnesota youth tobacco-use prevention program SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tobacco-use prevention; state tobacco budget cuts; state tobacco program elimination; youth tobacco use ID SMOKING; SETTLEMENT; INITIATION; CAMPAIGN AB Objective. To assess the immediate and intermediate outcome consequences of defunding a successful tobacco use prevention program. Methods. A four-survey repeated cross-sectional design is employed. Two surveys were completed while the program was fully operational, one after program dismantling was initiated and another about 6 months after the campaign was completely dismantled. Survey to survey trends for five immediate and six intermediate outcomes are analyzed. Changes in measures are tested employing chi-square estimated using SAS 8. Results. Each immediate outcome measure declined significantly from the third to the fourth survey except one, and this measure declined from the second to the third survey when it was eliminated. All intermediate outcomes showed significant change from the third or second to the fourth survey. These include two measures of openness to smoking, three attitude/belief scales and one measure of intention to smoke. Conclusions Defunding a successful tobacco-use prevention campaign results in rapid erosion of program messages, parallel increases in susceptibility, a rapid and sharp re-emergence of pro-tobacco attitudes/beliefs and a marked rise in intentions to smoke. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Tobacco Res & Evaluat Ctr, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sly, DF (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Tobacco Res & Evaluat Ctr, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM dsly@med.miami.edu NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.11.027 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 938MR UT WOS:000230008000018 PM 15917046 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, RK Tabbarah, M Bardenheier, B Janosky, JE Troy, JA Raymund, M Yawn, BP AF Zimmerman, RK Tabbarah, M Bardenheier, B Janosky, JE Troy, JA Raymund, M Yawn, BP TI The 2002 United States varicella vaccine shortage and physician recommendations for vaccination SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE vaccine usage; varicella vaccine; vaccine supply; physician knowledge ID IMMUNIZATION; AWARENESS; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT AB Background. The US experienced a shortage of varicella vaccine in 2002, leading to the concerns about its impact. Methods. 204 Minnesota and Pennsylvania physicians, most (164) of whom were interviewed in 1999 on the topic of varicella vaccine, responded to a 2003 survey. Results. Although 67% were aware of the 2002 varicella vaccine shortage, 24% experienced it and only 45% were aware of the 2002 temporary change in national vaccination recommendations. In response, more vaccinated until the supply was exhausted (59%) than postponed vaccination as recommended (41%). Most (91%) reported that the shortage did not change their likelihood of recommending vaccine. From 1999 to 2003, the percentage of physicians highly likely to recommend vaccination increased from 73% to 82% for children 12-18 months old (P < 0.01). In 2003, more physicians believed that it was likely for secondary skin infections to occur following varicella disease and for parents to request vaccination than in 1999 (P < 0.01). Almost all (93%) physicians in both years believed that serious side effects were unlikely. Conclusions. Over half of physicians were unaware of the change in vaccine recommendations due to the shortage and many did not follow that change, suggesting the need for a different strategy. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Clin Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav & Community Hlth Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Olmsted Med Ctr, Dept Res, Rochester, MN 55904 USA. RP Zimmerman, RK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Clin Epidemiol, 3518 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM zimmer@pitt.edu OI Zimmerman, Richard/0000-0001-5941-6092 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.01.009 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 938MR UT WOS:000230008000027 PM 15917055 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, RF TI Frequency of attendance at religious services and cigarette smoking in American women and men: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE smoking; hispanics; religion; serum cotinine; blacks; epidemiologic methods ID UNITED-STATES; SUBSTANCE USE; TOBACCO USE; INVOLVEMENT; BEHAVIORS; ALCOHOL; ADULTS AB Background. Data are lacking from representative samples of total populations and Hispanic Americans on the association of cigarette smoking and religiousness/spirituality, a protective factor for mortality, and on the validity of self-reported smoking data for religious research. Methods. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 111) included 18,774 persons aged 20 years and over with complete data on self-reported frequency of attendance at religious services, and cigarette smoking. Results. After stratifying by age, gender, and ethnic group, and adjusting for age, education, region, and health status, infrequent attenders (< 24 times/year) were much more likely to be smokers than frequent attenders; odds ratios (95% confidence limits) ranged from 1.74 (1.45-2.10) to 3.06 (1.86-5.03). Among current smokers, frequent attenders smoked an average of 1-5 fewer cigarettes per day. Using serum cotinine >= 14 ng/mL as the gold standard for current smoking, under-reporting of smoking did not vary appreciably with frequency of attendance: false negative percentage for never smokers 3.1% in frequent attenders, 4.2% in others. Conclusions. Greater frequency of attendance at religious services was associated with lower smoking prevalence by self-report or serum cotinine in a national, multi-ethnic sample. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6424, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 607 EP 613 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.12.006 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 938MR UT WOS:000230008000031 PM 15917059 ER PT J AU Iwamoto, M Hlady, G Jeter, M Burnett, C Drenzek, C Lance, S Benson, J Page, D Blake, P AF Iwamoto, M Hlady, G Jeter, M Burnett, C Drenzek, C Lance, S Benson, J Page, D Blake, P TI Shigellosis among swimmers in a freshwater lake SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE recreational water; shigellosis; swimming; waterborne disease outbreaks ID OUTBREAK AB Objective: Shigella infection is highly communicable; however, outbreaks associated with swimming in recreational fresh water are rarely identified. Materials and Methods: A cohort study of lake visitors was performed. Results: Seventeen (24.6%) case patients among 69 persons who visited the lake over the holiday weekend were identified. Attack rates increased with increasing exposure to lake water; the risk of illness was greatest among swimmers who reported getting lake water in their mouths (relative risk = 5.37, 95% confidence interval = 2.2, 13.3). Shigella sonnei was isolated from stool samples of four of eight swimmers tested. Conclusions: The outbreak likely was caused by fecal contamination of lake water by an infected swimmer; there was no evidence of sewage contamination into the lake. Fresh water is a potential source of infection in patients with acute gastroenteritis and recent exposure. Since testing and chlorination of lake water is impractical, prevention relies on avoidance of fecal contamination and/or minimizing ingestion of the water. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Coastal Hlth Dist, Brunswick, GA USA. Georgia Human Resources, Publ Hlth Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Iwamoto, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM miwamoto@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 98 IS 8 BP 774 EP 778 DI 10.1097/01.smj.0000172764.14147.e5 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 960GW UT WOS:000231579600006 PM 16144171 ER PT J AU Kaslow, NJ Sherry, A Bethea, K Wyckoff, S Compton, MT Grall, MB Scholl, L Price, AW Kellermann, A Thompson, N Parker, R AF Kaslow, NJ Sherry, A Bethea, K Wyckoff, S Compton, MT Grall, MB Scholl, L Price, AW Kellermann, A Thompson, N Parker, R TI Social risk and protective factors for suicide attempts in low income African American men and women SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID PARTNER ABUSE; LIFE EVENTS; BEHAVIOR; CHILDHOOD; SUPPORT; ADULTS; STRESS; INTEGRATION; ADOLESCENT; IDEATION AB A case-control study was conducted to examine a broad array of potential social risk and protective factors for suicide attempt among 200 African American men and women receiving care at a large, public, urban hospital. Specifically, we examined the effect of the following potential risk factors for suicide attempt: life hassles, partner abuse, partner dissatisfaction, and racist events; as well as the following potential protective factors: effectiveness of obtaining resources, social embeddedness, and social support. Using logistic regression, suicide attempter status was predicted by two independently significant social variables: one risk factor (life hassles) and one protective factor (social support). Male versus female suicide attempters were not distinguished by the social variables. These findings, which support the utility of an ecological conceptualization of risk and protective factors for suicide attempt, help to clarify the independently significant social environment risk and protective factors for suicide attempts among economically disadvantaged African Americans in particular. Research on both risk factors and protective factors provide a basis for culturally competent interventions aimed at reducing both the risk of future suicide attempts and completions. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Grady Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Georgia State Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Kaslow, NJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Grady Hlth Syst, 80 Jesse Hill Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM nkaslow@emory.edu NR 67 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 7 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 400 EP 412 DI 10.1521/suli.2005.35.4.400 PG 13 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 958QG UT WOS:000231462200003 PM 16178695 ER PT J AU Huang, QS Greening, G Baker, MG Grimwood, K Hewitt, J Hulston, D van Duin, L Fitzsimons, A Garrett, N Graham, D Lennon, D Shimizu, H Miyamura, T Pallansch, M AF Huang, QS Greening, G Baker, MG Grimwood, K Hewitt, J Hulston, D van Duin, L Fitzsimons, A Garrett, N Graham, D Lennon, D Shimizu, H Miyamura, T Pallansch, M TI Persistence of oral polio vaccine virus after its removal from the immunisation schedule in New Zealand SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID ERADICATION AB On Feb 1, 2002, inactivated poliomyelitis vaccines replaced live-attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in New Zealand's immunisation schedule, allowing systematic monitoring of OPV virus circulation. Findings of paediatric-inpatient surveillance indicate that 7% of children excreted polioviruses before this switch, but none did so 1 month afterwards. Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance detected no poliovirus during and after the switch, whereas enterovirus surveillance detected poliovirus only once during the switch. Environmental surveillance identified polioviruses in sewage samples until May, 2002, after which they were detected infrequently. Intratypic differentiation and sequencing showed that all polioviruses were Sabin-like. Multiple surveillance methods hence showed that OPV strains did not persist for extended periods after a vaccine switch in a developed country with a temperate climate. Sequence homology with Sabin vaccine parent strains indicated that polioviruses detected more than 4 months after the switch were of recent origin, consistent with importation from OPV-using countries. C1 Inst Environm Sci & Res, Porirua, New Zealand. Univ Otago, Wellington Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Paediat, Wellington, New Zealand. Auckland Univ Technol, Fac Hlth, Auckland, New Zealand. Waikato Hosp, Hamilton, New Zealand. Middlemore Hosp, S Auckland Clin Sch, Auckland 6, New Zealand. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 2, Tokyo, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enterovirus Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Huang, QS (reprint author), Inst Environm Sci & Res, POB 50348, Porirua, New Zealand. EM Sue.Huang@esr.cri.nz RI Grimwood, Keith/F-9334-2011; OI Garrett, Nick/0000-0001-9289-9743 NR 7 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9483 BP 394 EP 396 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66386-6 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 950IB UT WOS:000230849700027 PM 16054940 ER PT J AU Currier, M McNeill, M Campbell, D Newton, N Marr, JS Perry, E Berg, SW Barr, DB Luber, GE Kieszak, SM Rogers, HS Backer, LC Belson, MG Rubin, C Azziz-Baumgartner, E Duprey, ZH AF Currier, M McNeill, M Campbell, D Newton, N Marr, JS Perry, E Berg, SW Barr, DB Luber, GE Kieszak, SM Rogers, HS Backer, LC Belson, MG Rubin, C Azziz-Baumgartner, E Duprey, ZH TI Human exposure to mosquito-control pesticides - Mississippi, North Carolina, and Virginia, 2002 and 2003 (Reprinted by MMWR, vol 54, pg 529-532, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS; METABOLITES; POPULATION; URINE C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, University, MS 38677 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Raleigh, NC USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Currier, M (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 27 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 4 BP 419 EP 421 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 948RM UT WOS:000230733400008 ER PT J AU Beatty, ME Vorndam, V Hunsperger, EA Munoz, JL Clark, GG AF Beatty, ME Vorndam, V Hunsperger, EA Munoz, JL Clark, GG TI Travel-associated dengue infections - United States, 2001-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 556-558, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beatty, ME (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 27 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 4 BP 421 EP 422 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 948RM UT WOS:000230733400009 ER PT J AU Alarcon, WA Calvert, GM Blondell, JM Mehler, LN Sievert, J Propeck, M Tibbetts, DS Becker, A Lackovic, M Soileau, SB Das, R Beckman, J Male, DP Thomsen, CL Stanbury, M AF Alarcon, WA Calvert, GM Blondell, JM Mehler, LN Sievert, J Propeck, M Tibbetts, DS Becker, A Lackovic, M Soileau, SB Das, R Beckman, J Male, DP Thomsen, CL Stanbury, M TI Acute illnesses associated with pesticide exposure at schools SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITIES AB Context Pesticides continue to be used on school property, and some schools are at risk of pesticide drift exposure from neighboring farms, which leads to pesticide exposure among students and school employees. However, information on the magnitude of illnesses and risk factors associated with these pesticide exposures is not available. Objective To estimate the magnitude of and associated risk factors for pesticide-related illnesses at schools. Design, Setting, and Participants Analysis of surveillance data from 1998 to 2002 of 2593 persons with acute pesticide- related illnesses associated with exposure at schools. Nationwide information on pesticide- related illnesses is routinely collected by 3 national pesticide surveillance systems: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks pesticides program, the California Department of Pesticide Regulation, and the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Main Outcome Measures Incidence rates and severity of acute pesticide- related illnesses. Results Incidence rates for 1998-2002 were 7.4 cases per million children and 27.3 cases per million school employee full-time equivalents. The incidence rates among children increased significantly from 1998 to 2002. Illness of high severity was found in 3 cases (0.1 %), moderate severity in 275 cases (11 %), and low severity in 2315 cases (89%). Most illnesses were associated with insecticides (n=895, 35%), disinfectants (n=830, 32%), repellents (n=335,13%), or herbicides (n=279, 11 %). Among 406 cases with detailed information on the source of pesticide exposure, 281 (69%) were associated with pesticides used at schools and 125 (31 %) were associated with pesticide drift exposure from farmland. Conclusions Pesticide exposure at schools produces acute illnesses among school employees and students. To prevent pesticide- related illnesses at schools, implementation of integrated pest management programs in schools, practices to reduce pesticide drift, and adoption of pesticide spray buffer zones around schools are recommended. C1 NIOSH, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Environm & Injury Epidemiol & Toxicol Branch, Austin, TX USA. Washington Dept Hlth, Pesticides & Surveillance Sect, Olympia, WA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Community Environm Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, Sect Environm Epidemiol & Toxicol, New Orleans, LA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Occupat Hlth Branch, Oakland, CA USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Oakland, CA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Occupat Hlth, Troy, NY USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv Hlth Serv, Portland, OR USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Lansing, MI USA. RP Alarcon, WA (reprint author), NIOSH, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM walarcon@cdc.gov RI Alarcon, Walter/C-4470-2008 OI Alarcon, Walter/0000-0002-4907-4380 NR 31 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 27 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 4 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.1001/jama.294.4.455 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 948RM UT WOS:000230733400020 PM 16046652 ER PT J AU Montano, SM Villaran, MV Ylquimiche, L Figueroa, JJ Rodriguez, S Bautista, CT Gonzalez, E Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH Garcia, HH AF Montano, SM Villaran, MV Ylquimiche, L Figueroa, JJ Rodriguez, S Bautista, CT Gonzalez, E Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH Garcia, HH CA Cysticercosis Working Grp TI Neurocysticercosis - Association between seizures, serology, and brain CT in rural Peru SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TAENIA-SOLIUM CYSTICERCOSIS; EPILEPTIC SEIZURES; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; ECUADOR; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROPOSAL; DISEASE AB Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the commonest helminthic CNS infection and the main cause of adult-onset seizures in developing countries, also frequent in industrialized countries because of immigration from endemic zones. Although NCC is commonly seen in individuals with seizures in endemic areas, its role as a cause of epilepsy has been questioned on the basis of the poor methodology of published studies. Objective: To determine, in a cysticercosis-endemic area of the northern Peruvian coast, the frequency of 1) epileptic seizures, 2) serum antibodies to Taenia solium, 3) NCC-compatible findings on brain CT, and 4) the associations between these variables. Methods: A community-wide screening survey for possible seizure cases was performed using a validated questionnaire. Positive respondents were later examined in the field by neurologists. Seizure cases were categorized as single seizure, active epilepsy, or inactive epilepsy. Serology was performed for all consenting individuals using immunoblot. Noncontrast brain CT scans were performed in all individuals with seizures and two groups of control subjects without seizures (seropositive and seronegative). Results: The screening survey was applied to 903 permanent residents. Most positive respondents (114/137 [83.2%]) were examined by neurologists. The overall prevalence of epilepsy was 32.1 per 1,000 and that of active epilepsy was 16.6 per 1,000. Seroprevalence was 24.2% (200/825). Seroprevalence was associated with seizures (odds ratio 2.14; p = 0.026). Brain CT abnormalities compatible with NCC were more frequent in individuals with seizures and in those seropositive. Conclusion: In this hyperendemic area, an important proportion of seizure cases are associated with neurocysticercosis as demonstrated by serology or brain CT. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Sch Sci, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Sch Publ Hlth & Adm, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Inst Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima 14, Peru. Henry M Jackson Sch Int Studies, Rockville, MD USA. US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Garcia, HH (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. EM hgarcia@jhsph.edu RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI51976, U01 AI35894]; Wellcome Trust NR 41 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUL 26 PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000168828.83461.09 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 949AD UT WOS:000230756300010 PM 16043791 ER PT J AU Hausner, SH Striley, CAF Krause-Bauer, JA Zimmer, H AF Hausner, SH Striley, CAF Krause-Bauer, JA Zimmer, H TI Dibenzotetraaza crown ethers: A new family of crown ethers based on o-phenylenediamine SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX-FORMATION; INFRARED SPECTRA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; AZACROWN ETHERS; DERIVATIVES; LIGANDS; BENZIMIDAZOLES; ULTRAVIOLET; POLYETHERS AB Dibenzotetraaza (DBTA) crown ethers possess two o-phenylenediamine moieties. They are homologues of dibenzo crown ether phase-transfer catalysts and were prepared from the condensation of benzimidazoles with oligo(ethyleneglycol) dichlorides and oligo(ethyleneglycol) ditosylates. Compounds with ring sizes ranging from 18-crown-6 to 42-crown-14 were prepared. In addition, various altered benzimidizoles were used to produce DBTA crown ethers with modified substituents and ether bridges, as well as benzimidazolidine crown ethers. The synthetic approach presented here proved to be a convenient route to a new family of crown ethers with overall yields of up to 48% based on the benzimidazole. Yields for the ring-closing step were generally high, ranging from 51% to 94%, without the need for high-dilution conditions. Reaction of the DBTA crown ethers with alkyl and benzyl halides was found to be a facile way to obtain the corresponding tetra(N-organyl) compounds. Picrate extraction studies were carried out to determine phase-transfer catalytic capabilities. Extraction efficiencies for alkali-metal ions were lower than those for dibenzo-18-crown-6. Efficiencies were higher for other metal ions, with some selectivity for Pb2+. Tetra(N-methyl) DBTA-18-crown-6 generally exhibited higher extraction efficiencies than its N-H analogue, but the selectivity was lower. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NIOSH, Biomonitoring Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Hausner, SH (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM shhausner@ucdavis.edu NR 51 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUL 22 PY 2005 VL 70 IS 15 BP 5804 EP 5817 DI 10.1021/jo050281z PG 14 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 947FV UT WOS:000230629700004 PM 16018672 ER PT J AU Mathews, TJ Keppel, KG AF Mathews, TJ Keppel, KG CA CDC TI Racial/ethnic disparities in infant mortality - United States, 1995-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 553-556, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Vital Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mathews, TJ (reprint author), CDC, Div Vital Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 3 BP 298 EP 299 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 946YL UT WOS:000230609100008 ER EF