FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ruckart, PZ Fay, M AF Ruckart, Perri Zeitz Fay, Mike TI Analyzing acute-chemical-release data to describe chemicals that may be used as weapons of terrorism SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL PREPAREDNESS; MASS DESTRUCTION; MANAGEMENT; INCIDENTS AB The authors analyzed a database of acute chemical releases to describe characteristics of chemicals that may be used as weapons of terrorism. Chemicals of primary concern (Priority 1) on the Chemical Terrorism Listing of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were cross-referenced with data for 1993-2002 from the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system. HSEES captured 58,043 single substance releases of 2,366 chemicals during this time period. The 48 Priority I chemicals accounted for 11,567 (20 percent) of the releases, while representing only 2.0 percent of reported chemicals. Events involving Priority I chemicals resulted in twice as many victims, more injured members of the general public, more victims treated at hospitals, a higher frequency of respiratory irritation, more evacuations, more people evacuated per event, and mote decontaminations than did all other HSEES events. Industry, responders, and hospitals should consider the results of this analysis in preparing for and responding to acute chemical releases. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ruckart, PZ (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afp4@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 69 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 065YZ UT WOS:000239197600002 PM 16910103 ER PT J AU Miller, MD AF Miller, Mark D. TI The role of environmental health practitioners in a public health emergency SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US PHS, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), US PHS, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zdq8@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 69 IS 1 BP 36 EP 37 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 065YZ UT WOS:000239197600006 PM 16910107 ER PT J AU Steinberg, EB Henderson, A Karpati, A Hoekstra, M Marano, N Souza, JM Simons, M Kruger, K Giroux, J Rogers, HS Hoffman, MK Kadry, ARM Griffin, PM AF Steinberg, Ellen B. Henderson, Alden Karpati, Adam Hoekstra, Mike Marano, Nina Souza, Jennifer Martinelli Simons, Meg Kruger, Kirby Giroux, Jennifer Rogers, Helen S. Hoffman, Michael K. Kadry, Abdel-Razak M. Griffin, Patricia M. CA Burrito Working Grp TI Mysterious outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness associated with burritos supplied through school lunch programs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB From October 1997 through March 1998, three outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness among school children were linked to company A burritos. In September 1998, a similar outbreak occurred in three North Dakota schools following lunches that included company B burritos. We conducted an investigation to determine the source of the North Dakota outbreak, identify other similar outbreaks, characterize the illness, and gather evidence about the cause. The investigation included epidemiologic analyses, environmental investigation, and laboratory analyses. In North Dakota, a case was defined as nausea, headache, abdominal cramps, vomiting, or diarrhea after lunch on 16 September 1998. Case definitions varied in the other states. In North Dakota, 504 students and staff met the case definition; predominant symptoms were nausea (72%), headache (68%), abdominal cramps (54%), vomiting (24%), and diarrhea (16%). The median incubation period was 35 min and median duration of illness was 6 h. Eating burritos was significantly associated with illness (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 4.2). We identified 16 outbreaks that occurred in seven states from October 1997 through October 1998, affecting more than 1,900 people who ate burritos from two unrelated companies. All tortillas were made with wheat flour, but the fillings differed, suggesting that tortillas contained the etiologic agent. Results of plant inspections, tracebacks, and laboratory investigations were unrevealing. More than two million pounds of burritos were recalled or held from distribution. The short incubation period, symptoms, and laboratory data suggest that these outbreaks were caused by an undetected toxin or an agent not previously associated with this clinical syndrome. Mass psychogenic illness is an unlikely explanation because of the large number of sites where outbreaks occurred over a short period, the similarity of symptoms, the common food item, the lack of publicity, and the link to only two companies. A network of laboratories that can rapidly identify known and screen for unknown agents in food is a critical part of protecting the food supply against natural and intentional contamination. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effect, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Belcourt, ND 58316 USA. N Dakota Dept Hlth, Bismarck, ND 58805 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Aerosp Ctr, US Dept Agr Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Steinberg, EB (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 1405 Clifton Rd,3C Annex, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM ellen.stevenson@choa.org NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1690 EP 1698 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 064HM UT WOS:000239079800029 PM 16865905 ER PT J AU Collignon, P Angulo, FJ AF Collignon, P Angulo, FJ TI Fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli: Food for thought SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID MEDIATED QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; ANIMALS C1 Australian Natl Univ, Canberra Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Canberra Clin Sch, Woden, ACT 2607, Australia. Canberra Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Woden, ACT 2607, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Collignon, P (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Canberra Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Canberra Clin Sch, POB 11, Woden, ACT 2607, Australia. EM peter.collignon@act.gov.au NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 1 BP 8 EP 10 DI 10.1086/504922 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 053WS UT WOS:000238337400003 PM 16741876 ER PT J AU De Rekeneire, N AF De Rekeneire, N. TI Diabetes and cognitive function in older adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEMENTIA; HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diabet Translat Div, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP De Rekeneire, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diabet Translat Div, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS-K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cxy7@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SERDI EDITION PI PARIS PA 320 RUE SAINT-HONORE, PARIS, 75001, FRANCE SN 1279-7707 J9 J NUTR HEALTH AGING JI J. Nutr. Health Aging PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 10 IS 4 BP 285 EP 286 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 080NX UT WOS:000240255700008 PM 16983785 ER PT J AU Heitbrink, W Bennett, J AF Heitbrink, William Bennett, James TI A numerical and experimental investigation of crystalline silica exposure control during tuck pointing SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE CFD; silica; tuck pointing; ventilation ID CREATION AB National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health researchers investigated control measures for the removal of mortar between bricks, using a grinder: This task, "tuck pointing," is associated with crystalline silica exposures many times greater than the permissible exposure limit enforced by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Previous studies showed that local exhaust ventilation (LEV) of the grinding wheel through a shroud was often ineffective. Tuck pointing occurs on a scaffold. For practical purposes, this limits the size and power of the LEV system. Thus, the goal of this study was to develop a recommended flow rate for exposure control. Flow induced by the rotating grinding wheel, flow induced by the mortar particle stream, and particle momentum are potential control challenges. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of the grinder, supported by some experimental measurements, showed the relative importance of these factors through varying parameters and tracking particles. In a simulation of the shroud and grinding wheel, with the wheel inserted to a cutting depth of 0.750 inch flush into the brick wall, -0.461 cubic feet per meter (0.461 into the exhaust takeoff) was induced by the rotating wheel. The more realistic situation of the wheel in a cut in the wall 1.25 inches deep (forming a trench circumferentially 0.500 inch below the wheel edge) induced an airflow of 8.24 cfm out of the shroud exhaust. Experimental measurements taken for validation were 7.3% lower than the CFD value. The trench effect disappeared when a stream of 10-mu m particles was launched from the grinding wheel edge, as the simulations with and without the trench had nearly identical induced flow rates, 10.8 cfm and 10.9 cfm. We thus interpreted the particle stream as more important than the wheel in inducing flow. This insight was possible because of the power of CFD, compared to intuition and classical boundary layer analysis. In this situation of no forced exhaust, all particles escaped through the gap between the shroud edge and the brick wall into the worker's environment. Experiments and simulations indicated that approximately 85 cfm was required for good control of silica exposure, clearly, demonstrating that the exhaust rate must accomplish much more than balancing the induced flow. The simulations showed that the exhaust must create a vacuum in the shroud sufficient to bend the particle paths into the shroud. In the simulations, stopping the particle stream through collision (effectively removing or reducing the "daylight" between the wall and shroud) greatly lessened the required flow rate. This is difficult in practice because the gaps between the shroud and the brick and between bricks create escape paths. C1 NIOSH, DART, EPHB, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Bennett, J (reprint author), NIOSH, DART, EPHB, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM jbennett@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 3 IS 7 BP 366 EP 378 DI 10.1080/15459620600762057 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 062QX UT WOS:000238960700007 PM 16835163 ER PT J AU Pendergrass, SM Ernst, JL Dollberg, DD AF Pendergrass, Stephanie M. Ernst, Jennifer L. Dollberg, Donald D. TI NMAM methods update: A laboratory response to concerns about technologically outdated and problematic methods SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE gas chromatography; NIOSH; NMAM AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety Health (NIOSH) publishes the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM). The NMAM, although subject to various revisions and the incorporation of supplemental editions over the years, still contains many methods that are technologically outdated or problematic, as identified in a recent survey of the various users of the NMAM. Whereas the survey identified a number of problematic methods based on various chromatographic techniques, those selected for inclusion in this project employed analysis by gas chromatography (GC). The GC methods selected for evaluation were categorized as Phases 1, 2, 3, and 4 based on necessity as determined by the results of the client survey or internal assessment. The Phase I methods included: NMAM 1606 (Acetonitrile), NMAM 2005 (Nitroaromatic Compounds), and NMAM 1453 (Vinyl Acetate); the Phase 2 methods: NMAM 1003 (Halogenated Hydrocarbons), NMAM 1501(Aromatic Hydrocarbons), NMAM 2555 (Ketones I), and NMAM 1403 (Alcohols IV); the Phase 3 methods: NMAM 2552 (Methyl Acrylate), NMAM 2537 (Methyl and Ethyl Methacrylate), and NMAM 2553 (Ketones II), and the Phase 4 methods: NMAM 2556 (Isophorone), NMAM 1460 (Isopropyl Acetate), and NMAM 1618 (Isopropyl Ether). All methods previously specifying packed column chromatography have been evaluated using the appropriate fused silica capillary column. Improvements in individual analyte desorption efficiencies were achieved at concentrations substantially lower than those used in the previous methods. Most analytes evaluated had their respective limit of detection lowered by a factor of ten-to twentyfold. Thirty-day storage stability studies, previously lacking in a number of methods or for new analytes, were successfully completed to meet current method development criteria. Additional benefits resulting from this effort included the incorporation of single analyte methods into chemically related multianalyte methods and the evaluation of certain isomers, such as the methylstyrenes mid xylenes, which previously could not be separated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Pendergrass, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-R7, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM smp5@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 3 IS 7 BP 390 EP 396 DI 10.1080/10543400600760446 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 062QX UT WOS:000238960700009 PM 16835165 ER PT J AU Robinson, CF Schnorr, TM Cassinelli, RT Calvert, GM Steenland, NK Gersic, CM Schubauer-Berigan, MK AF Robinson, Cynthia F. Schnorr, Teresa M. Cassinelli, Rick T., II Calvert, Geoffrey M. Steenland, N. Kyle Gersic, Christine M. Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K. TI Tenth revision US mortality rates for use with the NIOSH Life Table Analysis System SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Objective: The objective of this study was to update rate files for the NIOSH Life Table Analysis System for Personal Computers (PC LTAS) reflecting the newly adopted tenth revision changes to the International Classification of Diseases. Methods: PC LTAS allows researchers to conduct comparative mortality and morbidity analyses for the purpose of identifying disease-exposure associations using person-time-at-fisk for age, race, sex, and calendar time-specific reference rates from 1940. Previously available through 1998 files for the United States and, individual states were updated through 2004 using uncensored population data. Tenth revision causes were added if compatible with earlier NIOSH death categories, based on revisions 5 through 9. A few new cause categories were added. Results: The resulting NIOSH categories are described for two new U.S. rate files: 1960 through 2004 and 1940 through 2004. Conclusion: The new U.S. rate files are available online or on request. C1 NIOSH, DSHEFS, Surveillance Branch, Div Surveillance,Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Robinson, CF (reprint author), NIOSH, DSHEFS, Surveillance Branch, Div Surveillance,Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Mail Stop R-21,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cfr2@cdc.gov RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 48 IS 7 BP 662 EP 667 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000229968.74906.8f PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 065CM UT WOS:000239137000008 PM 16832222 ER PT J AU Filon, FL Boeniger, M Maina, G Adami, G Spinelli, P Damian, A AF Filon, Francesca Larese Boeniger, Mark Maina, Giovanni Adami, Gianpiero Spinelli, Paolo Damian, Adriano TI Skin absorption of inorganic lead (PbO) and the effect of skin cleansers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; IN-VITRO; CONTACT-DERMATITIS; STRATUM-CORNEUM; NICKEL RELEASE; PENETRATION; WATER; SURFACTANTS; PERMEATION AB Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the percutaneous penetration of lead oxide (PbO) powder and the effect of rapid skin decontamination with two different detergents. Methods: Franz cells were used to study in vitro PbO skin penetration through human skin during a 24-hour period. The tests were performed without or with decontamination using either Ivory Liquid soap or a new experimental cleanser 30 minutes after the start of exposure. Results: We confirm that PbO can pass through the skin with a median penetration of 2.9 ng/cm(2) (25-75th percentiles 0.35-6). The cleaning procedure using Ivory Liquid soap significantly increased skin penetration with a median value of 23.6 ng/cm(2) (25-75th percentiles 12-47.1; Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.0002), whereas the new experimental cleanser only marginally increased penetration (7.1 ng/cm(2)). Conclusions: Our results indicate that it is necessary to prevent skin contamination from occurring because a short contact can increase skin content and penetration even if quickly followed by washing. This study demonstrated that PbO powder can pass through the skin and that skin decontamination done after 30 minutes of exposure did not decrease skin absorption occurring over 24 hours and stresses the need to Prevent skin contamination when using toxic substances. C1 Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Sci Med Pubbl, Unita Clin Operat Med Lavoro, I-34129 Trieste, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Traumatol & Med Lavoro, UOADU Serv Tossicol & Epidemiol Ind, I-34129 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Chim, Trieste, Italy. RP Filon, FL (reprint author), Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Sci Med Pubbl, Unita Clin Operat Med Lavoro, Via Pieta 19, I-34129 Trieste, Italy. EM larese@units.it RI adami, gianpiero/A-8746-2011; Maina, Giovanni/D-2234-2011; OI adami, gianpiero/0000-0002-1608-2050; MAINA, GIOVANNI/0000-0002-6908-9790; Larese Filon, Francesca/0000-0002-7717-0417 NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 48 IS 7 BP 692 EP 699 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000214474.61563.1c PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 065CM UT WOS:000239137000012 PM 16832226 ER PT J AU Smith, N Strikas, RA AF Smith, N Strikas, RA TI Approaches for improving influenza prevention and control SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material DE influenza; pandemic; public health; vaccine ID UNITED-STATES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ECONOMIC-IMPACT; VACCINATION; INDIVIDUALS; ADULTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Vaccine Program Office, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Smith, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd ,NE MS-A32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nsmith@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 303 EP 307 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 058BU UT WOS:000238640100001 PM 16775525 ER PT J AU Janssen, AP Tardif, RR Landry, SR Warner, JE AF Janssen, AP Tardif, RR Landry, SR Warner, JE TI "Why tell me now?" The public and healthcare providers weigh in on pandemic influenza messages SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material DE influenza; messages; pandemic AB As scientists closely watch avian influenza A (H5N1) or "bird flu" as a potential progenitor of an influenza pandemic, researchers from the Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education conducted with focus groups with the public and interviews with healthcare providers to test pandemic influenza messages. General public findings include variable awareness of pandemic influenza, subtle changes in terms (eg, flu or influenza), and challenged communication; and "vaccine priority group" opposition to the term priority group because it meant they could be left out. Healthcare providers reported Goggle and local infectious disease specialists as dominant sources of pandemic information. The results of the study provide specific guidance for those who will develop messages about pandemic influenza for the public and healthcare provider audiences. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Washington, DC USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Directors Off, Seattle, WA USA. RP Janssen, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MSE-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alan.janssen@cdc.hhs.gov NR 3 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 388 EP 394 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 058BU UT WOS:000238640100013 PM 16775537 ER PT J AU deLateur, BJ Shore, WS Morozova, OM Lee, JJ Buchner, DM AF deLateur, Barbara J. Shore, Wendy S. Morozova, Olga M. Lee, John J. Buchner, David M. TI Relative strength predicts function even in the obese SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Letter ID PHYSICAL-DISABILITY; OLDER-ADULTS; IMPAIRMENT C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP deLateur, BJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1158 EP 1159 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 062XB UT WOS:000238978900032 PM 16866704 ER PT J AU Mueller, PW Rogus, JJ Cleary, PA Zhao, Y Smiles, AM Steffes, MW Bucksa, J Gibson, TB Cordovado, SK Krolewski, AS Nierras, CR Warram, JH AF Mueller, PW Rogus, JJ Cleary, PA Zhao, Y Smiles, AM Steffes, MW Bucksa, J Gibson, TB Cordovado, SK Krolewski, AS Nierras, CR Warram, JH TI Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) study: A genetics collection available for identifying genetic susceptibility factors for diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION DISEQUILIBRIUM TEST; SAMPLE-SIZE REQUIREMENTS; STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; IDDM; STRATIFICATION; POPULATION; COMPLICATION; ASSOCIATION; MELLITUS; HISTORY AB The Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) study is an initiative that aims to identify genes that are involved in diabetic nephropathy. A large number of individuals with type 1 diabetes were screened to identify two subsets, one with clear-cut kidney disease and another with normal renal status despite long-term diabetes. Those who met additional entry criteria and consented to participate were enrolled. When possible, both parents also were enrolled to form family trios. As of November 2005, GoKinD included 3075 participants who comprise 671 case singletons, 623 control singletons, 272 case trios, and 323 control trios. Interested investigators may request the DNA collection and corresponding clinical data for GoKinD participants using the instructions and application form that are available at http://www.gokind.org/access. Participating scientists will have access to three data sets, each with distinct advantages. The set of 1294 singletons has adequate power to detect a wide range of genetic effects, even those of modest size. The set of case trios, which has adequate power to detect effects of moderate size, is not susceptible to false-positive results because of population substructure. The set of control trios is critical for excluding certain false-positive results that can occur in case trios and may be particularly useful for testing gene-environment interactions. Integration of the evidence from these three components into a single, unified analysis presents a challenge. This overview of the GoKinD study examines in detail the power of each study component and discusses analytic challenges that investigators will face in using this resource. C1 Joslin Diabet Ctr, Sect Genet & Epidemiol, Div Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diabet & Mol Risk Assessment Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. George Washington Univ, Biostat Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Aspen Syst Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Juvenile Diabet Res Fdn, New York, NY USA. RP Warram, JH (reprint author), Joslin Diabet Ctr, Sect Genet & Epidemiol, Div Res, 1 Joslin Pl, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM james.warram@joslin.harvard.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [PL105-33]; None [PL107-360, PL106-554]; PHS HHS [106-554, 107-360, PL 105-33, PL105-33, PL106-554, PL107-360] NR 26 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1782 EP 1790 DI 10.1681/ASN.2005080822 PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 059NG UT WOS:000238738900009 PM 16775037 ER PT J AU Lu, TH Chang, HJ Chen, LS Chu, MH Ou, NM Jen, I AF Lu, Tsung-Hsueh Chang, Hong-Jen Chen, Long-Shen Chu, Miao-Hui Ou, Nai-Ming Jen, Ian TI Changes in causes of death and associated conditions among persons with HIV/AIDS after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in Taiwan SO JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE AIDS; cause of death; death certificates; HIV infection; suicide; Taiwan ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION; MORTALITY; CERTIFICATES; SPECTRUM; DISEASES; TRENDS; AIDS; ERA AB To assess the pattern of change in the causes of death among HIV/AIDS patients in Taiwan after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), national HIV/AIDS registry data were linked with cause of death and health insurance claims data from 1994 to 2002 for analysis. Although HIV/AIDS remained the leading underlying cause of death among HIV/AIDS patients during the study period (552/752=73.4%), an increased proportion of deaths was due to non-HIV/AIDS causes (other infectious diseases, cancers, liver diseases, etc.) after the introduction of HAART in 1997. Deaths from suicide increased threefold, from three (1.5% of total) in 1994-1996 to 14 (4.8%) in 2000-2002. Most AIDS-related conditions associated with death (cryptococcosis, cachexia/wasting, dementia/encephalopathy, etc.) decreased in frequency from 19982000 to 2001-2002. Nonetheless, some AIDS-related conditions associated with death remained stable or increased in frequency, such as candidiasis, tuberculosis, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In conclusion, as the duration of survival increased, the likelihood of suicide also increased. More effort is required to address the mental health of HIV/AIDS patients as a part of therapy. C1 Natl Yang Ming Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Inst Publ Hlth, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. Bur Natl Hlth Insurance, Intelligence, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control, Dept Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jen, I (reprint author), Natl Yang Ming Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, 155,Sect 2,Li Nong St, Taipei, Taiwan. EM ianjen@ym.edu.tw NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATIONS INTERNATIONAL LTD. PI TAIPEI PA NO 1, CHANG-TE ST, TAIPEI, 100, TAIWAN SN 0929-6646 J9 J FORMOS MED ASSOC JI J. Formos. Med. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 105 IS 7 BP 604 EP 609 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 073QO UT WOS:000239757900015 PM 16877243 ER PT J AU Rankin, JA Dahlen, KH Kroll, S AF Rankin, Jocelyn A. Dahlen, Karen H. Kroll, Susan TI Jean Williams Sayre, AHIP, 1951-2006 SO JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Informat Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ohio State Univ, Hlth Sci Lib, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Rankin, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Informat Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jrankin@cdc.gov; kdahlen@cdc.gov; susan.kroll@osumc.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 65 EAST WACKER PLACE, STE 1900, CHICAGO, IL 60601-7298 USA SN 1536-5050 J9 J MED LIBR ASSOC JI J. Med. Libr. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 94 IS 3 BP 370 EP 371 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 069TF UT WOS:000239470400030 ER PT J AU Daniels, NA Gouveia, S Null, D Gildengorin, L Winston, CA AF Daniels, Nicholas A. Gouveia, Susan Null, Daniel Gildengorin, L. Winston, Carla A. TI Acceptance of pneumococcal vaccine under standing orders by race and ethnicity SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY DEC 14, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc DE pneumococcus; vaccination ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PRIMARY-CARE; RATES; ADULTS; DISEASE; PEOPLE; IMMUNIZATIONS; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES AB Purpose: To assess whether and how pneumococcal vaccine acceptance occurs after nurse recommendation varies by race/ethnicity. Methods: We prospectively evaluated nurses' standing orders to assess and vaccinate high-risk patients in a general medicine practice. Results: Of 370 adult patients surveyed (60% nonwhite), 78 (21%) declined vaccination following nurse recommendation, and 43 (12%) persisted in declining after physician consultation. Three-hundred-twenty-seven (88%) patients accepted vaccination: 292 (79%) accepted following nurse recommendation and 35 (9%) following physician consultation. African Americans (19%) were significantly more likely to decline compared with whites (8%) and Asians (5%) (P= 0.01). Reasons for refusal included believing vaccination was unnecessary (32%), fearing shots in general (21%), fearing vaccine-induced illness (26%) and wanting more information regarding the vaccine (9%). Conclusion: Standing orders, physicians' firm recommendations and addressing patients' vaccine-related concerns may reduce racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Daniels, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, 1701 Divisadero St,Suite 500,Box 1731, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. EM ndaniels@medicine.ucsf.edu FU OMHHE CDC HHS [MN-0724-04/04] NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 98 IS 7 BP 1089 EP 1094 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 065YG UT WOS:000239195600005 PM 16895277 ER PT J AU Purcell, DW Mizuno, Y Metsch, LR Garfein, R Tobin, K Knight, K Latka, MH AF Purcell, David W. Mizuno, Yuko Metsch, Lisa R. Garfein, Richard Tobin, Karin Knight, Kelly Latka, Mary H. TI Unprotected sexual behavior among heterosexual HIV-positive injection drug using men: Associations by partner type and partner serostatus SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE heterosexual men; HIV-positive; injection drug users; sexual risk ID RISK BEHAVIOR; USERS; PREVENTION; INTERVENTION; TRANSMISSION; CONDOMS; TRIAL; SUMIT AB Few studies have examined sexual risk behaviors of HIV-positive, heterosexual, injection drug using (IDU) men. We investigated such behaviors and associations with risk among sexually active, HIV positive IDU men who reported only female sex partners in the 3 months prior to baseline interview. We examined associations separately for four non-exclusive groups of men by crossing partner type (main or casual) and partner serostatus (HIV-positive or HIV negative/unknown). Of 732 male participants, 469 (64%) were sexually active with only female partners. Of these 469 men, 155 (33%) reported sex with HIV-positive main partners, 127 (27%) with HIV-negative or unknown serostatus main partners, 145 (31%) with HIV positive casual partners, and 192 (41%) with HIV-negative/unknown serostatus casual partners. Significant multivariate associations for unprotected sex with HIV-negative or unknown serostatus main partners were less self-efficacy to use condoms, weaker partner norms supporting condoms, and more negative condom beliefs. Similar correlates were found for unprotected sex with HIV-positive main and casual partners. In addition, alcohol or drug use during sex was a significant correlate of unprotected sex with HIV positive main partners, while depression was significant for HIV positive casual partners. For unprotected sex with HIV-negative/unknown status casual partners, self-efficacy for condom use, sex trade, and education were significant multivariate correlates. A combination of broad and tailored intervention strategies based on the relationship pattern of men's lives may provide the most benefit for reducing unprotected sex with female partners. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, DHAP, PRB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Purcell, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, DHAP, PRB, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dpurcell@cdc.gov OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD JUL PY 2006 VL 83 IS 4 BP 656 EP 668 DI 10.1007/s11524-006-9066-1 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 069OL UT WOS:000239458000010 PM 16736116 ER PT J AU Trasande, L Boscarino, J Graber, N Falk, R Schechter, C Galvez, M Dunkel, G Geslani, J Moline, J Kaplan-Liss, E Miller, RK Korfmacher, K Carpenter, D Forman, J Balk, SJ Laraque, D Frumkin, H Landrigan, P AF Trasande, Leonardo Boscarino, Joseph Graber, Nathan Falk, Raphael Schechter, Clyde Galvez, Maida Dunkel, George Geslani, Jessica Moline, Jacqueline Kaplan-Liss, Evonne Miller, Richard K. Korfmacher, Katrina Carpenter, David Forman, Joel Balk, Sophie J. Laraque, Danielle Frumkin, Howard Landrigan, Philip TI The environment in pediatric practice: A study of New York pediatricians' attitudes, beliefs, and practices towards children's environmental health SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MEETING OF THE EASTERN-SOCIETY-FOR-PEDIATRIC-RESEARCH CY MAR 04, 2005 CL Old Greenwich, CT DE AAP; asthma; environmental pediatrics; HPV chemicals; New York state; pediatrician attitudes; PEHSU ID LEAD-EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; METHYLMERCURY; CANCERS; TRENDS AB Chronic diseases of environmental origin are a significant and increasing public health problem among the children of New York State, yet few resources exist to address this growing burden. To assess New York State pediatricians self-perceived competency in dealing with common environmental exposures and diseases of environmental origin in children, we assessed their attitudes and beliefs about the role of the environment in children's health. A four-page survey was sent to 1,500 randomly selected members of the New York State American Academy of Pediatrics in February 2004. We obtained a 20.3% response rate after one follow-up mailing; respondents and nonrespondents did not differ in years of licensure or county of residence. Respondents agreed that the role of environment in children's health is significant (mean 4.44 +/- 0.72 on 1-5 Likert scale). They voiced high self-efficacy in dealing with lead exposure (mean 4.16-4.24 +/- 0.90-1.05), but their confidence in their skills for addressing pesticides, mercury and mold was much lower (means 2.S1-3.21 +/- 0.90-1.23; p < 0.001). About 93.8% would send patients to a clinic "where pediatricians could refer patients for clinical evaluation and treatment of their environmental health concerns." These findings indicate that New York pediatricians agree that children are suffering preventable illnesses of environmental origin but feel ill-equipped to educate families about common exposures. Significant demand exists for specialized centers of excellence that can evaluate environmental health concerns, and for educational opportunities. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Ctr Childrens Hlth & Environm, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Geisinger Hlth Syst, Ctr Hlth Res, Danville, PA USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Family Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, New York, NY USA. Stony Brook Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Stony Brook, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Albany, Inst Hlth & Environm, Rensselaer, NY USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Childrens Hosp Motefore, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Trasande, L (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Ctr Childrens Hlth & Environm, Dept Community & Prevent Med, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1057, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM leo.trasande@mssm.edu OI Trasande, Leonardo/0000-0002-1928-597X NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD JUL PY 2006 VL 83 IS 4 BP 760 EP 772 DI 10.1007/s11524-006-9071-0 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 069OL UT WOS:000239458000018 PM 16736113 ER PT J AU Barone, MA Hutchinson, PL Johnson, CH Hsia, J Wheeler, J AF Barone, MA Hutchinson, PL Johnson, CH Hsia, J Wheeler, J TI Vasectomy in the United States, 2002 SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE testis; vasectomy; infertility; male; physician's practice patterns; questionnaire ID PREGNANCY; RISK AB Purpose: We estimated the number of vasectomies performed in the United States in 2002 and gathered information on the vasectomy procedures and protocols used. It follows similar studies done in 1991 and 1995. Materials and Methods: A retrospective mail survey with telephone followup was performed in 2,300 urologists, family physicians and general surgeons randomly sampled from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile. Results: The response rate was 73.8%. An estimated 526,501 vasectomies were performed in 2002 for a rate of 10.2/1,000 men 25 to 49 years old. Overall 37.8% of physicians reported currently using no scalpel vasectomy and almost half of the vasectomies performed in 2002 were no scalpel vasectomies. Methods of vas occlusion varied in and among specialties with a combination of ligation and cautery being most common (41.0% of cases). Of the physicians 45.6% reported routinely performing fascial interposition, 94.4% reported removing a vas segment, 23.3% reported routinely folding back 1 or 2 ends of the vas and 7.5% reported using open-ended vasectomy. Followup protocols varied widely. Of respondents 53.5% reported charging $401 to $600 for vasectomy in 2002. Conclusions: Although the estimated number of vasectomies performed in the United States during 2002 represents an increase from 1991 and 1995, incidence rates remained unchanged at approximately 10/1,000 men 25 to 49 years old. The percent of vasectomies performed using no scalpel vasectomy as well as the number of physicians who reported that they use no scalpel vasectomy increased substantially since 1995. Wide variation in surgical techniques and followup protocols were found. C1 EngenderHealth, New York, NY 10001 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop med, Dept Int Hlth & Dev, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barone, MA (reprint author), EngenderHealth, 440 9th Ave, New York, NY 10001 USA. EM mbarone@engenderhealth.org NR 20 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 176 IS 1 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(06)00507-6 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 053IE UT WOS:000238298000054 PM 16753407 ER PT J AU Van Rompay, KKA Singh, RP Heneine, W Johnson, JA Montefiori, DC Bischofberger, N Marthas, ML AF Van Rompay, Koen K. A. Singh, Raman P. Heneine, Walid Johnson, Jeffrey A. Montefiori, David C. Bischofberger, Norbert Marthas, Marta L. TI Structured treatment interruptions with tenofovir monotherapy for simian immunodeficiency virus-infected newborn macaques SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CHRONIC HIV-1 INFECTION; T-CELL RESPONSES; INFANT RHESUS MACAQUES; DRUG-RESISTANT HIV-1; LOW-LEVEL VIREMIA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SHORT-TERM; REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE AB We demonstrated previously that prolonged tenofovir treatment of infant macaques, starting early during infection with virulent simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251), can lead to persistently low or undetectable viremia even after the emergence of mutants with reduced in vitro susceptibility to tenofovir as a result of a K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase; this control of viremia was demonstrated to be mediated by the generation of effective antiviral immune responses. To determine whether structured treatment interruptions (STI) can induce similar immunologic control of viremia, eight newborn macaques were infected with highly virulent SIVmac251 and started on a tenofovir STI regimen 5 days later. Treatment was withdrawn permanently at 33 weeks of age. All animals receiving STI fared much better than 22 untreated SIVmac251-infected infant macaques. However, there was a high variability among animals in the viral RNA set point after complete drug withdrawal, and none of the animals was able to achieve long-term immunologic suppression of viremia to persistently low levels. Early immunologic and viral markers in blood (including the detection of the K65R mutation) were not predictive of the viral RNA set point after drug withdrawal. These results, which reflect the complex interactions between drug resistance mutations, viral virulence, and drug- and immunemediated inhibition of virus replication, highlight the difficulties associated with trying to develop STI regimens with predictable efficacy for clinical practice. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & Tuberculosis Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Gilead Sci, Foster City, CA USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Durham, NC USA. RP Van Rompay, KKA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kkvanrompay@ucdavis.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00169, P51 RR000169]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 30034, N01AI30034] NR 77 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 80 IS 13 BP 6399 EP 6410 DI 10.1128/JVI.02308-05 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 054MJ UT WOS:000238380700022 PM 16775328 ER PT J AU Hartman, AL Dover, JE Towner, JS Nichol, ST AF Hartman, Amy L. Dover, Jason E. Towner, Jonathan S. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Reverse genetic generation of recombinant Zaire Ebola viruses containing disrupted IRF-3 inhibitory domains results in attenuated virus growth in vitro and higher levels of IRF-3 activation without inhibiting viral transcription or replication SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-3; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DENDRITIC CELLS; MARBURG-VIRUS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEINS; BETA-INTERFERON; NS1 PROTEIN; GUINEA-PIGS; PATHOGENESIS AB The VP35 protein of Zaire Ebola virus is an essential component of the viral RNA polymerase complex and also functions to antagonize the cellular type I interferon (IFN) response by blocking activation of the transcription factor IRF-3. We previously mapped the IRF-3 inhibitory domain within the C terminus of VP35. In the present study, we show that mutations that disrupt the IRF-3 inhibitory function of VP35 do not disrupt viral transcription/replication, suggesting that the two functions of VP35 are separable. Second, using reverse genetics, we successfully recovered recombinant Ebola viruses containing mutations within the IRF-3 inhibitory domain. Importantly, we show that the recombinant viruses were attenuated for growth in cell culture and that they activated IRF-3 and IRF-3-inducible gene expression at levels higher than that for Ebola virus containing wild-type VP35. In the context of Ebola virus pathogenesis, VP35 may function to limit early IFN-beta production and other antiviral signals generated from cells at the primary site of infection, thereby slowing down the host's ability to curb virus replication and induce adaptive immunity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM stn1@cdc.gov OI Hartman, Amy/0000-0002-0857-2973 NR 42 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 80 IS 13 BP 6430 EP 6440 DI 10.1128/JVI.00044-06 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 054MJ UT WOS:000238380700025 PM 16775331 ER PT J AU Towner, JS Khristova, ML Sealy, TK Vincent, MJ Erickson, BR Bawiec, DA Hartman, AL Comer, JA Zaki, SR Stroher, U da Silva, FG del Castillo, F Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST AF Towner, Jonathan S. Khristova, Marina L. Sealy, Tara K. Vincent, Martin J. Erickson, Bobbie R. Bawiec, Darcy A. Hartman, Amy L. Comer, James A. Zaki, Sherif R. Stroher, Ute da Silva, Filomena Gomes del Castillo, Fernando Rollin, Pierre E. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Marburgvirus Genomics and association with a large hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Angola SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; EBOLA-VIRUS; L-GENE; SARS CORONAVIRUS; PROTEIN; FILOVIRUS; TRANSCRIPTION; GLYCOPROTEIN; REPLICATION; INFECTION AB In March 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) investigated a large hemorrhagic fever (HF) outbreak in Uige Province in northern Angola, West Africa. In total, 15 initial specimens were sent to CDC, Atlanta, Ga., for testing for viruses associated with viral HFs known to be present in West Africa, including ebolavirus. Marburgvirus was also included despite the fact that the origins of all earlier outbreaks were linked directly to East Africa. Surprisingly, marburgvirus was confirmed (12 of 15 specimens) as the cause of the outbreak. The outbreak likely began in October 2004 and ended in July 2005, and it included 252 cases and 227 (90%) fatalities (report from the Ministry of Health, Republic of Angola, 2005), making it the largest Marburg HF outbreak on record. A real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay utilized and adapted during the outbreak proved to be highly sensitive and sufficiently robust for field use. Partial marburgvirus RNA sequence analysis revealed up to 21% nucleotide divergence among the previously characterized East African strains, with the most distinct being Ravn from Kenya (1987). The Angolan strain was less different (similar to 7%) from the main group of East African marburgviruses than one might expect given the large geographic separation. To more precisely analyze the virus genetic differences between outbreaks and among viruses within the Angola outbreak itself, a total of 16 complete virus genomes were determined, including those of the virus isolates Ravn (Kenya, 1987) and 05DRC, 07DRC, and 09DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo, 1998) and the reference Angolan virus isolate (Ang1379v). In addition, complete genome sequences were obtained from RNAs extracted from 10 clinical specimens reflecting various stages of the disease and locations within the Angolan outbreak. While the marburgviruses exhibit high overall genetic diversity (up to 22%), only 6.8% nucleotide difference was found between the West African Angolan viruses and the majority of East African viruses, suggesting that the virus reservoir species in these regions are not substantially distinct. Remarkably few nucleotide differences were found among the Angolan clinical specimens (0 to 0.07%), consistent with an outbreak scenario in which a single (or rare) introduction of virus from the reservoir species into the human population was followed by person-to-person transmission with little accumulation of mutations. This is in contrast to the 1998 to 2000 marburgvirus outbreak, where evidence of several virus genetic lineages (with up to 21% divergence) and multiple virus introductions into the human population was found. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVRD, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, SRP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVRD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Aids Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Special Pathogens Program, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada. Inst Nacl Saude Publ, Minist Saude, Luanda, Angola. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Stn1@cdc.gov OI Hartman, Amy/0000-0002-0857-2973 NR 60 TC 136 Z9 160 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 80 IS 13 BP 6497 EP 6516 DI 10.1128/JVI.00069-06 PG 20 WC Virology SC Virology GA 054MJ UT WOS:000238380700031 PM 16775337 ER PT J AU Guan, JB Aral, MM Maslia, ML Grayman, WM AF Guan, JB Aral, MM Maslia, ML Grayman, WM TI Identification of contaminant sources in water distribution systems using simulation-optimization method: Case study SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID LOCATIONS AB In this paper, the authors propose a new approach, the simulation-optimization method, to solve a nonlinear contaminant source and release-history identification problem for a complex water distribution system. This approach is based on optimization analysis, using the EPANET water distribution system model as a simulator. In this approach, EPANET is used to generate concentrations at arbitrarily selected monitoring locations by specifying release histories of potential contaminant sources that are arbitrarily located within the water distribution system. This information is used in a continuous optimal predictor-corrector algorithm to identify the sources and their release histories. Throughout the simulation sequence, the water distribution system being studied is assumed to operate under, known hydraulic operational patterns. The optimization model that is used as a corrector to estimate the release histories of the contaminant sources is designed to identify the similarity between the simulation response and measured data at monitoring locations. This information exchange is developed as a closed-loop system resulting in a convergent algorithm. Three scenarios, derived from the publicly documented Dover Township (Toms River), N.J., water-distribution system are tested using the proposed approach. Results show that the approach is effective, efficient, and robust in identifying locations and release histories of contaminant sources. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Multimedia Environm Simulat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. WM Grayman Consulting Engineer, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. RP Maslia, ML (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmaslia@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 252 EP 262 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:4(252) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 055DL UT WOS:000238430100007 ER PT J AU Blanton, JD Meadows, A Murphy, SM Manangan, J Hanlon, CA Faber, ML Dietzschold, B Rupprecht, CE AF Blanton, Jesse D. Meadows, Anastasia Murphy, Staci M. Manangan, Jamie Hanlon, Cathleen A. Faber, Marie-Luise Dietzschold, Bernhard Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Vaccination of small Asian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) against rabies SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Herpestes javanicus; mongoose; rabies; SPBNGA-S; vaccination; V-RG; zoonosis AB Oral vaccination of free-ranging wildlife is a promising technique in rabies control. The small Asian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) is an important reservoir of rabies on several Caribbean islands, but no vaccines have been evaluated for this species. Captive mongooses were used to test the safety and efficacy of the commercially licensed vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (V-RG) recombinant vaccine and a newly developed genetically engineered oral rabies virus vaccine (SPBNGA-S). In one study using V-RG, no vaccinated animals developed detectable rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies, and all but one died after experimental challenge with rabies virus. In contrast, all animals given SPBNGA-S demonstrated sero-conversion within 7 to 14 days after vaccination and survived rabies virus challenge. On the basis of these preliminary results indicating the greater efficacy of SPBNGA-S vs. V-RG vaccine, additional investigations will be necessary to determine the optimal dose and duration of vaccination, as well as incorporation of the SPBNGA-S vaccine into edible bait. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mol Targeting Technol Inc, W Chester, PA USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Blanton, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM asi5@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 663 EP 666 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 108WQ UT WOS:000242270300022 PM 17092899 ER PT J AU Feinberg, E Smith, MV Morales, MJ Claussen, AH Smith, DC Perou, R AF Feinberg, Emily Smith, Megan V. Morales, Melody Johnson Claussen, Angelika H. Smith, D. Camille Perou, Ruth TI Improving women's health during internatal periods: Developing an evidenced-based approach to addressing maternal depression in pediatric settings SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATION; SEROTONIN-REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; CHILD-BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; PRIMARY-CARE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; PERCEIVED RESPONSIBILITIES; MENTAL-DISORDERS AB The internatal period, the time between births of successive children, has become a focal point for risk assessment and health promotion in women's healthcare. This period represents a time when women are at high risk for a depressive disorder. The pediatric venue offers a unique opportunity for the identification and management of depression in the internatal period, as mothers who do not attend their own medical appointments are likely to accompany their child to pediatric visits. This paper discusses the role pediatric providers can undertake to improve women's health in the internatal period through the detection and management of maternal depression at well-child visits. Successful models of the management of depression in other primary care settings are explored for their potential for implementation in the pediatric venue. A specific model developed and implemented as part of a 3-year project is presented to highlight the feasibility of an evidenced-based approach to the management of maternal depression in the pediatric setting. We present evidence demonstrating that pediatric providers can successfully identify postpartum women with depression, monitor symptoms and treatment adherence, and communicate results to a woman's healthcare provider. Yet more investigation is needed to create preventive interventions for maternal depression that integrate evidenced-based practice standards for the treatment of depression in primary care venues into pediatric settings. Future programs and policies targeting maternal depression in the pediatric environment should address patient mental health literacy and stigma, the training and education of pediatric providers, and issues of privacy and reimbursement. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Feinberg, E (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM Emily.Feinberg@bmc.org FU PHS HHS [H17MC00424-04-00] NR 95 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 6 BP 692 EP 703 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.692 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 079LG UT WOS:000240177200052 PM 16910901 ER PT J AU Kachur, SP Slutsker, L AF Kachur, SP Slutsker, L TI Measuring malaria drug efficacy and transmission intensity SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID MARKERS; TRENDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kachur, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM spk0@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 368 IS 9529 BP 10 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68945-9 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 058TQ UT WOS:000238687900008 PM 16815361 ER PT J AU Sunnotel, O Lowery, CJ Moore, JE Dooley, JSG Xiao, L Millar, BC Rooney, PJ Snelling, WJ AF Sunnotel, O Lowery, CJ Moore, JE Dooley, JSG Xiao, L Millar, BC Rooney, PJ Snelling, WJ TI Cryptosporidium SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; detection and public health; pathogenesis; transmission ID DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT; PARVUM OOCYST VIABILITY; IN-VITRO; CYCLOSPORA-CAYETANENSIS; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; CRYPTOSPOTIDIUM-PARVUM; FRESH VEGETABLES; MESSENGER-RNA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; COSTA-RICA AB This review discusses characteristics of the genus Cryptosporidium and addresses the pathogenesis, reservoirs, public health significance and current applications for the detection and typing of this important pathogen. By increasing knowledge in key areas of Cryptosporidium research such as aetiology, epidemiology, transmission and host interactions, the numbers of cases of human cryptosporidiosis should be reduced. C1 Univ Ulster, Ctr Mol Biosci, Sch Biomed Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. RP Snelling, WJ (reprint author), Univ Ulster, Ctr Mol Biosci, Sch Biomed Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. EM b.snelling@ulster.ac.uk RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Dooley, James/0000-0002-9459-5572 NR 90 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01936.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 055IJ UT WOS:000238443200001 PM 16834714 ER PT J AU Clark, J Sansom, S Simpson, BJ Walker, F Wheeler, C Yazdani, K Zapata, A AF Clark, Jill Sansom, Stephanie Simpson, B. Joyce Walker, Frances Wheeler, Cheryl Yazdani, Kelly Zapata, Amy TI Promising strategies for preventing perinatal HIV transmission: Model programs from three states SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HIV; perinatal transmission; prenatal testing; collaboration; jail health AB Objectives: This paper describes and compares three innovative methods for preventing perinatal HIV transmission. Each of these strategies has been developed based on an in-depth assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of existing prevention approaches, and the needs of the populations they serve. Methods: Florida expanded an existing outreach program to include women in jails in several high-prevalence counties. Incarcerated women were offered testing for pregnancy and HIV and linked to medical and supportive services. One Connecticut hospital sought to increase prenatal HIV testing rates by requiring HIV test results in the electronic medical records. This program is being expanded to other hospitals throughout the state. Louisiana has implemented a systematic review of perinatal data in order to identify potential programmatic enhancements. This review has led to the perinatal fast track system, designed to quickly identify HIV-infected pregnant women and connect them to care. Results: Each program demonstrated improvements in indicators related to prevention of perinatal HIV transmission, such as increased utilization of prenatal care, increased prenatal testing rates, and decreases in perinatal HIV transmission. Conclusions: These case studies emphasize two key similarities among these programs: the value of collaboration between agencies providing care and services to HIV-infected and high-risk women of childbearing age, and the importance of maximizing opportunities for HIV testing and treatment. These strategies have demonstrated effectiveness in improving health outcomes and reducing perinatal HIV transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale New Haven Med Ctr, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur HIV AIDS, Tallahassee, FL USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Program, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Clark, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jclark2@cdc.gov OI Yazdani, Kamran/0000-0001-6666-1272 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 10 IS 4 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1007/s10995-005-0047-x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 065RC UT WOS:000239176000006 PM 16752095 ER PT J AU MacIntyre, CR Seccull, A Lane, JM Plant, A AF MacIntyre, C. Raina Seccull, Alison Lane, J. Michael Plant, Aileen TI Development of a risk-priority score for category a bioterrorism agents as an aid for public health policy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; MANAGEMENT; SMALLPOX; ANTHRAX; THREAT; RESPONSES; OUTBREAK; WARFARE AB In developing public health policy and planning for a bioterrorist attack or vaccination of military personnel, the most common method for assigning priority is using the probability of attack with a particular agent as the single criterion. Using this approach, smallpox is often dismissed as an unlikely threat. We aimed to develop an evidence-based, systematic, multifactorial method for prioritizing the level of risk of each category A bioterrorism agent. Using 10 criterion, anthrax scored the highest, followed by smallpox. Tularemia was the lowest scoring agent. We suggest that such a system would be useful for developing public policy, stockpiling of vaccines and therapeutics, vaccination of military personnel, and planning for public health responses to a bioterrorist attack. C1 Childrens Hosp, Natl Ctr Immunisat Res & Surveillance Vaccine Pre, Westmead, NSW, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Dept Human Serv, Victorian Publ Hlth Training Scheme, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Ctr Dis Control, Smallpox Eradicat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Curtin Univ Technol, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. RP MacIntyre, CR (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Natl Ctr Immunisat Res & Surveillance Vaccine Pre, Westmead, NSW, Australia. RI MacIntyre, Chandini Raina/D-4182-2011 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 171 IS 7 BP 589 EP 594 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 061IG UT WOS:000238864300004 PM 16895121 ER PT J AU Kim, J Peterson, KE Scanlon, KS Fitzmaurice, GM Must, A Oken, E Rifas-Shiman, SL Rich-Edwards, JW Gillman, MW AF Kim, Juhee Peterson, Karen E. Scanlon, Kelley S. Fitzmaurice, Garrett M. Must, Aviva Oken, Emily Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L. Rich-Edwards, Janet W. Gillman, Matthew W. TI Trends in overweight from 1980 through 2001 among preschool-aged children enrolled in a health maintenance organization SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE HMO; overweight; surveillance; preschool-aged children; infants ID PEDIATRIC NUTRITION SURVEILLANCE; US CHILDREN; WEIGHT-GAIN; OBESITY; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; COHORT; ADULTHOOD; CHILDHOOD; INFANCY AB Objective: To examine overweight trends over a 22-year period among preschool-aged children from primarily middle-income families enrolled in a health maintenance organization. Research Methods and Procedures: From well-child care visits to a Massachusetts health maintenance organization, we randomly selected one visit per child per calendar year, yielding a study sample of 120,680 children seen at 366,109 visits from 1980 through 2001. Using multivariate logistic regression models accounting for repeated observations of individual children across years, we estimated trends in prevalence of overweight (weight-for-length/height >= 95th percentile) and at-risk-for-overweight (85th to 95th percentile). Results: Over the 22-year study period, the observed prevalence of overweight increased from 6.3% to 10.0% and at-risk-for-overweight increased from 11.1% to 14.4%. These increases were evident among all groups of children including infants < 6 months of age. Overall, the adjusted odds ratios were 1.21 per decade (95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 1.25) for overweight and 1.06 per decade (95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.08) for at-risk-for-overweight. Discussion: Rates of overweight are increasing in very young children, even infants, from primarily middle-class families. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc & Human Dev & Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Publ Hlth, Channing Lab,Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc & Human Dev & Hlth, 677 Huntington Ave,Bldg III-R616, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM juheekim@hsph.harvard.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 68041]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK040561, P30 DK040561-11, P30 DK046200] NR 18 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 3 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD JUL PY 2006 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1107 EP 1112 DI 10.1038/oby.2006.126 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 077KP UT WOS:000240028500001 PM 16899790 ER PT J AU Abbate, LM Stevens, J Schwartz, TA Renner, JB Helmick, CG Jordan, JM AF Abbate, Lauren M. Stevens, June Schwartz, Todd A. Renner, Jordan B. Helmick, Charles G. Jordan, Joanne M. TI Anthropometric measures, body composition, body fat distribution, and knee osteoarthritis in women SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE DXA; height; waist circumference; waist-to-hip ratio; osteoarthritis ID RADIOGRAPHICALLY DEFINED OSTEOARTHRITIS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; OSTEO-ARTHRITIS; RISK-FACTORS; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; WEIGHT; ASSOCIATION; CHINGFORD AB Objective: Increased BMI is a well-recognized risk factor for radiographic knee osteoarthritis (rKOA); however, the contributions of the components of body composition, body fat distribution, and height to this association are not clear. Research Methods and Procedures: We examined 779 women :45 years of age from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. Body composition was assessed using DXA, and rKOA was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence grade >= 2. Logistic regression models examined the association between rKOA and the fourth compared with the first quartiles of anthropometric, body composition, and fat distribution measures adjusting for age, ethnicity, and prior knee injury. Results: The adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of BMI and weight were 5.27 (3.05, 9.13) and 5.28 (3.05, 9.16), respectively. In separate models, higher odds of rKOA were also found for fat mass [4.54 (2.68, 7.69)], percent fat mass [3.84 (2.26, 6.54)], lean mass [3.94 (2.22, 6.97)], and waist circumference [4.15 (2.45, 7.02)]. Waist-to-hip ratio was not associated with rKOA [1.45 (0.86, 2.43)], and percent lean mass was associated with lower odds [0.20 (0.11, 0.35)]. Taller women had higher odds of rKOA after adjustment for BMI [1.77 (1.05, 3.00)]. Discussion: This study confirms that BMI and weight are strongly associated with rKOA in women and suggests that precise measurements of body composition and measures of fat distribution may offer no advantage over the more simple measures of BMI or weight in assessment of risk of rKOA. C1 Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Radiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Orthopaed, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jordan, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, CB 7280,3330 Thurston Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM joanne_jordan@med.unc.edu RI Schwartz, Todd/D-4995-2012 OI Schwartz, Todd/0000-0002-0232-2543 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [5-P60-AR049465, 5-P60-AR30701]; PHS HHS [S1734, S3486, S1733] NR 40 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD JUL PY 2006 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1274 EP 1281 DI 10.1038/oby.2006.145 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 077KP UT WOS:000240028500020 PM 16899809 ER PT J AU Hing, E Brett, KM AF Hing, Esther Brett, Kate M. TI Changes in US prescribing patterns of menopausal hormone therapy, 2001-2003 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; WOMENS HEALTH; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; HEART; SYMPTOMS; BENEFITS AB OBJECTIVE: In 2002, the combination estrogen-progestin hormone therapy (HT) treatment arm of the Women's Health Initiative was terminated early because cardiovascular and cancer risks were identified, while the estrogen-only therapy (ET) arm of this trial continued. We investigated hormone therapy prescription practice changes between 2001 and 2003 to explore the effects of the clinical trial results. METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for the years 2001 through 2003. These nationally representative surveys sample medical encounters in nonfederally employed physician's offices and outpatient departments of nonfederal short-stay and general hospitals. The proportion and rate of visits with ET and HT prescriptions were calculated. Logistic regression was used to estimate change over time accounting for patient and provider characteristics. RESULTS: Between 2001 and 2003, the number of visits with menopausal hormone prescriptions fell from 26.5 million to 16.9 million. Almost three-quarters of hormone visits were for ET prescriptions. The decrease in the rate of visits was slightly larger for HT prescription visits (44%) than ET prescription visits (35%). The rate of decline was highest among women 50 years of age and over. After controlling for covariates, there was no significant difference in the decline by hormone type. CONCLUSION: These nationally representative data indicate substantial declines in menopausal hormone prescriptions coinciding with clinical trial results on HT. These declines occurred among all types of therapy and patient characteristics. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Hing, E (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3321, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM EHing@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000220502.77153.5a PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 171XF UT WOS:000246768000007 PM 16816053 ER PT J AU Qin, C Gould, JB AF Qin, Cheng Gould, Jeffrey B. TI The Asian birth outcome gap SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asian; immigrants; maternal age; parity; infant mortality; SIDS; preterm; low birthweight ID INFANT-MORTALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGIC PARADOX; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC-GROUPS; RISK-FACTORS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; PRETERM DELIVERY; GESTATIONAL-AGE; WEIGHT AB Asians are often considered a single group in epidemiological research. This study, examines the extent of differences in maternal risks and birth outcomes for six Asian subgroups. Using linked birth/infant death certificate data from the State of California for the years 1992-97, we assessed maternal socio-economic risks and their effect on birthweight, preterm delivery (PTD), neonatal, post-neonatal and infant mortality for Filipino (87 120), Chinese (67 228), Vietnamese (45 237), Korean (23 431), Cambodian/Laotian (21239) and Japanese (18 276) live singleton births. The analysis also included information about non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks in order to give a sense of the magnitude of risks among Asians. Logistic regression models explored the effect of maternal risk factors and PTD on Asian subgroup differences in neonatal and post-neonatal mortality, using Japanese as the reference group. Across Asian subgroups, the differences ranged from 2.5- to 135-fold for maternal risks, and 2.2-fold for infant mortality rate. PTD was an important contributor to neonatal mortality differences. Maternal risk factors contributed to the disparities in post-neonatal mortality. Significant differences in perinatal health across Asian subgroups deserve ethnicity-specific interventions addressing PTD, teen pregnancy, maternal education, parity and access to prenatal care. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qin, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cqin@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 279 EP 289 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00737.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 070OD UT WOS:000239531200002 PM 16879500 ER PT J AU Freedman, D Koenig, LJ Wiener, J Abrams, EJ Carter, RJ Tepper, V Palumbo, P Nesheim, S Bulterys, M AF Freedman, Darcy Koenig, Linda J. Wiener, Jeffrey Abrams, Elaine J. Carter, Rosalind J. Tepper, Vicki Palumbo, Paul Nesheim, Steven Bulterys, Marc TI Challenges to re-enrolling perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-exposed but uninfected children into a prospective cohort study: strategies for locating and recruiting hard-to-reach families SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enrolment rate; HIV status ID BIRTH; BORN; TRANSITION; ZIDOVUDINE; DISEASE; PRIVACY; RECORDS; WOMEN; RATES; AGE AB Children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are living longer. Studies aimed at understanding the health and well-being of these children as they age into adolescence are enhanced by research designs that include appropriate comparison groups. HIV-exposed but uninfected children are one such comparison group; however, recruitment of this comparison group is challenging because uninfected children may no longer be followed at tertiary care centres, and some may be in foster care or no longer living with their biological parents. This paper describes the recruitment methods, sampling plan, and factors associated with enrolling perinatally HIV-infected children and a comparison group of HIV-exposed but uninfected children into the HIV Follow-up Of Perinatally Exposed Children (PACTS-HOPE) prospective cohort study. The source population consists of HIV-infected and uninfected children originally enrolled in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study (PACTS). Recruitment took place at paediatric HIV clinics in four US locations between March 2001 and March 2003. A total of 182 HIV-infected and 180 uninfected children were enrolled. Enrolment of uninfected children was much harder than that of infected children because the former often could not be located. After adjusting for site and birth-year category, uninfected children born to white mothers were significantly less likely to be enrolled (P < 0.01). There was a trend for infected and uninfected children of mothers with a history of injection drug use to enrol at lower rates. Although recruitment of the uninfected comparison group was challenging, it was nevertheless facilitated by hierarchical recruitment techniques, involvement of family networks, and continuity of study staff. The PACTS-HOPE cohort will provide opportunities for future research aimed at understanding the unique effects of HIV on the well-being of HIV-infected children. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY USA. Med & Hlth Res Assoc, New York, NY USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Freedman, D (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Peabody 90,230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM darcy.a.freedman@vanderbilt.edu RI Freedman, Darcy/E-6388-2010 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 338 EP 347 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00742.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 070OD UT WOS:000239531200008 PM 16879506 ER PT J AU Bertolli, J Hsu, HW Sukalac, T Williamson, J Peters, V Frederick, T Rakusan, TA Ortiz, I Melville, SK Dominguez, K AF Bertolli, J Hsu, HW Sukalac, T Williamson, J Peters, V Frederick, T Rakusan, TA Ortiz, I Melville, SK Dominguez, K CA Pediatric Sprectum HIV Dis Study TI Hospitalization trends among children and youths with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection, 1990-2002 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HIV; hospitalization; antiretroviral therapy; perinatal infection ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; COMBINATION THERAPY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; SERVICES UTILIZATION; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; AIDS; CARE; ADOLESCENTS; REDUCTION AB Background: Major improvements in disease progression among HIV-infected children have followed the adoption of combination antiretroviral therapy. Methods: We examined trends in hospitalization rates between 1990-2002 among 3927 children/youths with perinatal HIV infection, ranging in age from newborn to 21 years. We used Poisson regression to test for trends in hospitalization rates by age and year; binomial regression to test for trends in intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and hospitalization at least once and more than once, by age and year; and multivariate logistic regression to examine factors associated with hospitalization, ICU admission, and hospitalization longer than 10 days. Results: Statistically significant downward trends in hospitalization rates and multiple hospitalizations were observed in all age groups from 1990-2002. The proportion of HIV-infected children/youths who were hospitalized at least once declined from 30.4% in 1990 to 12.9% in 2002, with a steady decline occurring after 1996, when the U.S. Public Health Service issued guidelines recommending tripledrug antiretroviral therapy (triple therapy) for HIV-infected children. ICU admissions declined significantly in all age groups except among children younger than 2 years. Logistic regression results indicated that black and Hispanic children/youths were significantly more likely to be hospitalized than white children/youths and that children/youths receiving triple therapy were significantly more likely to be hospitalized than therapy-naive children; the latter association was not observed among children monitored from 1997-2002. Conclusions: Substantial reductions in rates of hospitalization, multiple hospitalizations, and ICU admission have occurred among HIV-infected children/youths from 1990-2002, particularly after 1996, with increased use of triple therapy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. State Labs Inst, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, San Juan, PR USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Bertolli, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jbertolli@cdc.gov RI Andrade, Hugo/M-6631-2013 OI Andrade, Hugo/0000-0001-6781-6125 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU114918, U64/CCU203312, U64/CCU206818, U64/CCU303310, U64/CCU603300, U64/CCU903273] NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 7 BP 628 EP 633 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000220255.14636.b3 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 059OF UT WOS:000238741400011 PM 16804434 ER PT J AU Rogers, JF Dunlop, AL AF Rogers, JF Dunlop, AL TI Air pollution and very low birth weight infants: A target population? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE air pollution; birth weight; preterm; environmental factors; fetal growth restriction ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION; PRETERM BIRTH; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; CHILDREN BORN; MORTALITY; SEASONALITY; CALIFORNIA; PREGNANCY AB OBJECTIVE. The goal was to examine systematically the association between maternal exposure to particulate matter of < 10 mu m and very low birth weight ( < 1500 g) delivery for evidence of an effect on duration of gestation and/or intrauterine growth restriction. METHODS. This case-control study took place between April 1, 1986, and March 30, 1988, in Georgia Health Care District 9 and included 128 mothers of very low birth weight infants, all of whom were preterm and were classified as either small for gestational age or appropriate for gestational age, and 197 mothers of term, appropriate-for-gestational-age infants weighing >= 2500 g. Maternal exposure to particulate matter of < 10 mu m was estimated with 2 exposure measures, namely, a county-level measure based on residence in a county with an industrial point source and an environmental transport model based on the geographic location of the birth home. RESULTS. Considering preterm/appropriate-for-gestational-age infants as cases and term/appropriate-for-gestational-age infants as controls, adjusted odds ratios for maternal exposure to particulate matter of < 10 mu m were statistically significant ( adjusted odds ratio for county-level model: 4.31; adjusted odds ratio for environmental transport model: 3.68). Although elevated, no statistically significant association was found between maternal exposure and preterm/appropriate-for-gestational-age delivery when compared to preterm/small-for-gestational-age delivery. CONCLUSIONS. There are increased odds of maternal exposure to ambient particulate matter of < 10 mu m for very low birth weight preterm/appropriate-for-gestational-age delivery, compared with term/appropriate-for-gestational-age delivery, which suggests that the observed association between maternal exposure to air pollution and low infant birth weight ( particularly < 1500 g) is at least partially attributable to an effect on duration of gestation. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dunlop, AL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 735 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM amlang@emory.edu NR 42 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1 BP 156 EP 164 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2432 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 059II UT WOS:000238726100019 PM 16818561 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Marks, AR Bradman, A Fenster, L Johnson, C Barr, DB Jewell, NP AF Eskenazi, B Marks, AR Bradman, A Fenster, L Johnson, C Barr, DB Jewell, NP TI In utero exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and neurodevelopment among young Mexican American children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; organochlorine; pesticides; neurodevelopment; Bayley Scales of Infant Development ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; AGRICULTURAL POPULATION; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; FETAL-GROWTH; HUMAN-SERUM; HUMAN-MILK; DICHLOROETHENE; ASSOCIATION; PERFORMANCE AB OBJECTIVE. We investigated the relationship between prenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and neurodevelopment of Mexican farm-workers' children in California. METHODS. Participants from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas study, a birth cohort study, included 360 singletons with maternal serum measures of p, p'-DDT, o, p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDE. Psychomotor development and mental development were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 6, 12, and 24 months. RESULTS. We found a similar to 2-point decrease in Psychomotor Developmental Index scores with each 10-fold increase in p, p'-DDT levels at 6 and 12 months ( but not 24 months) and p, p'-DDE levels at 6 months only. We found no association with mental development at 6 months but a 2- to 3-point decrease in Mental Developmental Index scores for p, p'-DDT and o, p'-DDT at 12 and 24 months, corresponding to 7- to 10-point decreases across the exposure range. Even when mothers had substantial exposure, breastfeeding was usually associated positively with Bayley scale scores. CONCLUSIONS. Prenatal exposure to DDT, and to a lesser extent DDE, was associated with neurodevelopmental delays during early childhood, although breastfeeding was found to be beneficial even among women with high levels of exposure. Countries considering the use of DDT should weigh its benefit in eradicating malaria against the negative associations found in this first report on DDT and human neurodevelopment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Richmond, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, 2150 Shat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eskenazi@berkeley.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Marks, Amy/0000-0002-3047-5379 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009605]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH007400] NR 36 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 8 U2 31 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-3117 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 059II UT WOS:000238726100028 PM 16818570 ER PT J AU Held, MR Begier, EM Beardsley, DS Browne, FA Martinello, RA Baltimore, RS McDonald, LC Jensen, B Hadler, JL Dembry, LM AF Held, MR Begier, EM Beardsley, DS Browne, FA Martinello, RA Baltimore, RS McDonald, LC Jensen, B Hadler, JL Dembry, LM TI Life-threatening sepsis caused by Burkholderia cepacia from contaminated intravenous flush solutions prepared by a compounding pharmacy in another state SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Burkholderia cepacia; compounding; contamination; antibiotic-lock solution; sepsis ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; BACTEREMIA; OUTBREAK AB We report 2 life-threatening cases of Burkholderia cepacia sepsis caused by infusate contamination during compounding. Bacterial isolates from the patients' blood cultures and the infusate were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Proper quality controls at a local and national level are important for ensuring safe delivery of compounded medications to patients in all settings, including those outside health care facilities. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Hematol Oncol, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Div, Hartford, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale New Haven Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, New Haven, CT USA. VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Dept Internal Med, West Haven, CT USA. VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Clin Epidemiol Res Ctr, West Haven, CT USA. RP Held, MR (reprint author), Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 282 Washington St, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. EM mheld@ccmckids.org NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1 BP E212 EP E215 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2617 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 059II UT WOS:000238726100091 PM 16785290 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Paramsothy, P Posner, SF Meikle, SF Jamieson, DJ AF Kourtis, AP Paramsothy, P Posner, SF Meikle, SF Jamieson, DJ TI National estimates of hospital use by children with HIV infection in the United States: Analysis of data from the 2000 KIDS inpatient database SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HIV; children; hospitalizations; United States; HCUP; diagnosis ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; COMBINATION THERAPY; HEALTH-CARE; MORTALITY; RATES; YOUTH AB OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this research was to describe hospital use patterns of HIV-infected children in the United States. STUDY DESIGN. We analyzed a nationwide, stratified probability sample of 2.5 million hospital discharges of children and adolescents during the year 2000, weighted to 7.3 million discharges nationally. We excluded discharges after hospitalizations related to pregnancy/childbirth and their complications and discharges of neonates < 1 month of age and of patients > 18 years of age. Diagnoses were identified through the use of the Clinical Classification Software with grouping of related diagnoses. RESULTS. We estimated that there were 4107 hospitalizations of HIV-infected children in 2000 and that these hospitalizations accounted for similar to$100 million in hospital charges and > 30 000 hospital days. Infections, including sepsis and pneumonia, were among the most frequent diagnoses in such hospitalizations, followed by diagnoses related to gastrointestinal conditions, nutritional deficiencies and anemia, fluid/electrolyte disorders, central nervous system disorders, cardiovascular disorders, and respiratory illnesses. Compared with hospitalizations of nonHIV-infected children, hospitalizations of HIV-infected ones were more likely to be in urban areas, in pediatric/teaching hospitals, and in the Northeast, and the expected payer was more likely to be Medicaid (77.6% vs 37.2%). Compared with children without HIV, those with HIV tended to be older (median age: 9.5 years vs 5.2 years), to have been hospitalized longer (mean: 7.8 days vs 3.9 days), and to have incurred higher hospital costs (mean: $23 221 vs $11 215); HIV-associated hospitalizations ended in the patient's death more frequently than non-HIV ones (1.8% vs 0.4%), and complications of medical care were also more common (10.8% vs 6.2%). CONCLUSIONS. Infections account for the majority of hospitalizations of HIV-infected children in the United States, although nutritional deficiencies, anemia and other hematologic disorders, gastrointestinal and renal disorders, and complications of medical care are also more common among hospitalized children with HIV than among those without HIV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. CONRAD Program, Arlington, VA USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), Koger Ctr, Columbia Bldg,2900 Woodcock Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1 BP E167 EP E173 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2780 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 059II UT WOS:000238726100084 PM 16769799 ER PT J AU Hunt, RC Jurkovich, GJ AF Hunt, Richard C. Jurkovich, Gregory J. TI Field triage: Opportunities to save lives - Foreword SO PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Hunt, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MSF-41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rhunt@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1090-3127 J9 PREHOSP EMERG CARE JI Prehosp. Emerg. Care PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 282 EP 283 DI 10.1080/10903120600721461 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 110RQ UT WOS:000242396800001 ER PT J AU Sasser, S AF Sasser, Scott TI Field triage in disasters SO PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Field Triage 2005 - A Meeting of Experts CY MAY 17-18, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Natl Ctr Injury Preven & Control, Ctrs Disease Control & Preven, Div Injury Response DE emergency medicine; disaster planning; triage ID TERRORIST BOMBINGS; MASS CASUALTIES; EXPLOSIONS; MANAGEMENT; CITY AB In man-made and natural disasters, prehospital providers and their emergency medical services systems may find it necessary to shift their triage methodology from a daily operational framework of treating the most severely injured patient first and providing the highest level of care for each patient to the concept of providing the greatest good for the greatest number of casualties. In a scenario where there are an overwhelming number of casualties, this shift will be necessary, both to identify critically injured patients who can benefit from immediate, life-saving interventions and to preserve prehospital and hospital resources. This report examines triage issues as they apply to mass casualty events. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sasser, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sasser@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1090-3127 J9 PREHOSP EMERG CARE JI Prehosp. Emerg. Care PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 322 EP 323 DI 10.1080/10903120600728722 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 110RQ UT WOS:000242396800010 PM 16801271 ER PT J AU Hunt, RC Jurkovich, GJ AF Hunt, Richard C. Jurkovich, Gregory J. TI Deliberations and recommendations SO PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Hunt, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rhunt@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1090-3127 J9 PREHOSP EMERG CARE JI Prehosp. Emerg. Care PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 355 EP 355 DI 10.1080/10903120600728987 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 110RQ UT WOS:000242396800018 PM 16801279 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Scarbrough, AG McCreadie, JW AF Reeves, Will K. Scarbrough, Aubrey G. McCreadie, John W. TI New records for Leptopteromyia americana Hardy (Diptera : Asilidae) in Alabama SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Biol, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cui8@cacdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 739 EP 739 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800030 ER PT J AU Borchardt, SM Rawls, AW Benbow, N Dworkin, MS AF Borchardt, SM Rawls, AW Benbow, N Dworkin, MS TI An evaluation of the patient code number for HIV case reporting SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Letter ID SURVEILLANCE C1 Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Appl Epidemiol Fellowship Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Council State & Terr Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Div STD AIDS HIV Prevent & Policy, Chicago, IL USA. RP Borchardt, SM (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 121 IS 4 BP 360 EP 360 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 053TA UT WOS:000238326800003 PM 16827435 ER PT J AU Simon, SL Weinstock, RM Doody, MM Neton, J Wenzl, T Stewart, P Mohan, AK Yoder, RC Hauptmann, M Freedman, DM Cardarelli, J Feng, HA Bouville, A Linet, M AF Simon, SL Weinstock, RM Doody, MM Neton, J Wenzl, T Stewart, P Mohan, AK Yoder, RC Hauptmann, M Freedman, DM Cardarelli, J Feng, HA Bouville, A Linet, M TI Estimating historical radiation doses to a cohort of US Radiologic Technologists SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID X-RAY WORKERS; CANCER INCIDENCE; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; MORTALITY; CHINA; PROTECTION; HEALTH; STAFF; RISK; ARMY AB Data have been collected and physical and statistical models have been constructed to estimate unknown occupational radiation doses among 90,000 members of the U.S. Radiologic Technologists cohort who responded to a baseline questionnaire during the mid-1980s. Since the availability of radiation dose data differed by calendar period, different models were developed and applied for years worked before 1960, 1960-1976 and 1977-1984. The dose estimation used available film-badge measurements (approximately 350,000) for individual cohort members, information provided by the technologists on their work history and protection practices, and measurement and other data derived from the literature. The dosimetry model estimates annual and cumulative occupational badge doses (personal dose equivalent) for each technologist for each year worked from 1916 through 1984 as well as absorbed doses to organs and tissues including bone marrow, female breast, thyroid, ovary, testes, lung and skin. Assumptions have been made about critical variables including average energy of X rays, use of protective aprons, position of film badges, and minimum detectable doses. Uncertainty of badge and organ doses was characterized for each year of each technologist's working career. Monte Carlo methods were used to generate estimates of cumulative organ doses for preliminary cancer risk analyses. The models and predictions presented here, while continuing to be modified and improved, represent one of the most comprehensive dose reconstructions undertaken to date for a large cohort of medical radiation workers. (c) 2006 by Radiation Research Society. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RTI Int, Bethesda, MD USA. Johnson & Johnson PRD, Titusville, NJ USA. Landauer Inc, Glenwood, IL USA. RP Simon, SL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd,Room 7100, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ssimon@mail.nih.gov NR 52 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 166 IS 1 BP 174 EP 192 DI 10.1667/RR3433.1 PN 2 PG 19 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 057XC UT WOS:000238627500006 PM 16808606 ER PT J AU Rurangirwa, J Van Naarden Braun, K Schendel, D Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Rurangirwa, Jacqueline Van Naarden Braun, Kim Schendel, Diana Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn TI Healthy behaviors and lifestyles in young adults with a history of developmental disabilities SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE developmental disabilities; epilepsy; body mass index; leading health indicators ID EMERGING NATIONAL PRIORITY; DAILY PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; US COLLEGE-STUDENTS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CEREBRAL-PALSY; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; BODY-COMPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN AB Objective: Measure select Healthy People 2010 Leading Health Indicators in young adults with and without a history of developmental disabilities (DD) using a population-based cohort. Methods: Young adults were interviewed to assess the prevalence of seven Leading Health Indicators: physical activity, overweight and obesity, tobacco use, substance abuse, responsible sexual behavior, injury and violence, and access to healthcare. Results: Young adults with a history of DD were less likely to be involved in tobacco use, substance abuse and sexual activity. Areas of concern included below normal Body Mass Index, lack of HIV/ AIDS and sex education, preventive healthcare services for women, and victimization. Conclusions: Despite some healthy lifestyle indicators, health gaps may place young adults with a history of DD at risk for poor health and quality of life. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Dev Disabil Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yeargin-Allsopp, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Dev Disabil Team, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jrurangirwa@yahoo.com; mxy1@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 27 IS 4 BP 381 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.01.003 PG 19 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 072OD UT WOS:000239681800003 PM 16051462 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Marfin, AA AF Sejvar, James J. Marfin, Anthony A. TI Manifestations of West Nile neuroinvasive disease SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID NEW-YORK-CITY; POLIOMYELITIS-LIKE SYNDROME; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; VIRUS-INFECTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; FLACCID PARALYSIS; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; SPINAL-CORD; EPIDEMIC AB Since its introduction to North America in 1999, West Nile virus, an arthropod-bome flavivirus, has become the most significant cause of epidemic encephalitis in the western hemisphere. While most human infections with the virus are asymptomatic and the majority of symptomatic persons experience febrile illness, severe neurologic manifestations, including meningitis, encephalitis, and poliomyelitis may be seen. This review summarizes the virology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of human infection with West Nile virus, and details recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and various clinical manifestations of infection. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, NCI, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSA-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov NR 121 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-9276 J9 REV MED VIROL JI Rev. Med. Virol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 209 EP 224 DI 10.1002/rmv.501 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 070LL UT WOS:000239523800002 PM 16906589 ER PT J AU Fadeel, MA Wasfy, MO Pimentel, G Klena, JD Mahoney, FJ Hajjeh, RA AF Fadeel, Moustafa A. Wasfy, Momtaz O. Pimentel, Guillermo Klena, John D. Mahoney, Francis J. Hajjeh, Rana A. TI Rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of human brucellosis in surveillance and clinical settings in Egypt SO SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 104th General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 23-27, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID AGGLUTINATION-TEST; IGG; SERODIAGNOSIS; PERFORMANCE; DISEASES; TESTS AB Objectives: To optimize and standardize an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis in clinical cases identified during a surveillance study for acute febrile illness (AFI). Methods: Serum samples from patients presenting with AFI at 13 fever hospitals across Egypt between 1999 and 2003 were kept frozen at NAMRU-3 and used in this study. The assay was evaluated in 5 subject groups: brucellosis cases confirmed by blood culture (group I, n=202) 87% positive by standard tube agglutination test (TA), brucellosis cases exclusively confirmed by TA (group II, n=218), blood cultures from AFI cases positive for bacterial species other than Brucella (group 111, n=103), AFI cases with unexplained etiologies (group IV, n=654), and healthy volunteers (group V, n=50). All members of groups III-V were negative for brucellosis by TA. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for total specific antibodies were >= 96% versus 87% for TA as compared to microbial culture, the current gold standard method for Brucella identification. Assessment of Brucella antibody classes by ELISA in random subsets of the 5 groups showed significantly high (p > 0.001) levels of anti Brucella IgG (>= 81%) and IgM (>= 90%) in groups I and II only. Conclusions: The obtained sensitivity and specificity results indicate that our ELISA is more suitable for AFI surveillance and clinical settings than blood culture and TA. The developed assay is also cost-effective, easier to use, faster, and the coated plates can be stocked for at least 8 months, providing a potential for field use and automation. C1 USN, WHO, Med Res Unit 3, Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fadeel, MA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC-452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM fadeelm@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAUDI MED J PI RIYADH PA ARMED FORCES HOSPITAL, PO BOX 7897,, RIYADH 11159, SAUDI ARABIA SN 0379-5284 J9 SAUDI MED J JI Saudi Med. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 27 IS 7 BP 975 EP 981 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 067QL UT WOS:000239317600007 PM 16830014 ER PT J AU Gunn, RA Weinberg, MS Borntrager, D Murray, PJ AF Gunn, RA Weinberg, MS Borntrager, D Murray, PJ TI Partner notification for persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Use of a syphilis model service SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background: Adults with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are usually the source of infection for persons who acquire sexually transmitted HBV infection. Vaccinating sex- and needle-sharing partners is recommended. Goal: To evaluate the usefulness of a syphilis model partner notification (PN) service for high-risk persons with chronic HBV infection. Study Design: Locatable partners were offered serologic testing and HBV vaccination. Results: Of 190 eligible case patients, 129 (68%) were interviewed, which included 47 men who have sex with men (MSM), 26 who reported injecting drug use (IDU), and 12 who were MSM and injected drugs. Among the 129 interviewed, 85 (66%) reported having >= 1 recent sex partner, 46 (36%) provided locating information for 47 partners, 38 partners accepted PN services, 15 were not immune, and 14 (7% of total eligible case patients) started and 9 completed the HBV vaccine series. Overall, 15% of case patients were also hepatitis C positive, and 29% were HIV infected. PN services cost was estimated at $1472 per vaccinee. Conclusion: High-risk persons with chronic HBV infection provided few names or locating information for their partners, and the proportion eligible for vaccination was low. An integrated approach that provides hepatitis C screening, human immunodeficiency virus testing, and referral might be more useful and should be evaluated. C1 Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, HIV STD & Hepatitis Prevent Branch, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gunn, RA (reprint author), Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, HIV STD & Hepatitis Prevent Branch, 3851 Rosecrans St S-S P511B, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM robert.gunn@sdcounty.ca.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 BP 437 EP 440 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000200495.96528.40 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 057GZ UT WOS:000238585600005 PM 16540881 ER PT J AU Kissinger, P Schmidt, N Mohammed, H Leichliter, JS Gift, TL Meadors, B Sanders, C Farley, TA AF Kissinger, P Schmidt, N Mohammed, H Leichliter, JS Gift, TL Meadors, B Sanders, C Farley, TA TI Patient-delivered partner treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis infection: A randomized controlled trial SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-RISK; WOMEN; GONORRHEA; NOTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; EFFICACY; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objectives: Infections with Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) are common and recurrence rates are high. Better methods of treating partners of women with trichomoniasis are needed. Goal: To determine if patient-delivered partner treatment (PDPT) is better and more cost-effective than partner referral. Study Design: Women attending a family planning clinic who were culture-positive and treated for TV (N = 463) were randomized to either standard partner referral (PR), booklet-enhanced partner referral (BEPR), or PDPT. At baseline and 1 month, women were interviewed and cultured for TV. Detailed cost information was also collected. Results: Most women had 1 partner, were less than 24 years old, and were black. The percentage of women reporting that their partners were treated was similar for PDPT but significantly lower for BEPR compared to PR. TV follow-up rates were similar. PDPT cost less and was cost saving compared to PR and BEPR. Conclusion: Among women with TV, PDPT did not result in more partners taking the medicine or lower follow-up rates than PR but was less costly. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol SL18, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70012 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Siv STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Kissinger, P (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol SL18, Hlth Sci Ctr, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70012 USA. EM kissing@tulane.edu FU PHS HHS [R30/CCR619146] NR 33 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000204511.84485.4c PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 057GZ UT WOS:000238585600007 PM 16531939 ER PT J AU Rudy, ET Anderson-Mahoney, PJ Loughlin, AM Del Rio, C Gardner, LI AF Rudy, ET Anderson-Mahoney, PJ Loughlin, AM Del Rio, C Gardner, LI TI Perceptions of human immunodeficiency virus testing services among HIV-positive persons not in medical care - Authors' response SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Epidemiol Resources, Van Nuys, CA USA. Boston Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV ATD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rudy, ET (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 BP 465 EP 465 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000225279.93640.63 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 057GZ UT WOS:000238585600011 ER PT J AU Aral, SO O'Leary, A Baker, C AF Aral, SO O'Leary, A Baker, C TI Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in the southern United States: An overview SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div HIV AIDS Prevent IRS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SAral@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 SU S BP S1 EP S5 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000223249.04456.76 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 058IF UT WOS:000238658000001 PM 16794550 ER PT J AU Berman, SM Cohen, MS AF Berman, SM Cohen, MS TI STD treatment: How can it improve HIV prevention in the South? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT; CD4 CELL DEPLETION; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; SEMINAL PLASMA AB Background: Rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are disproportionately high in the Southern United States. A high percentage of the population is black, and STD/HIV rates are particularly high among this group. Control and treatment of STDs offers promise as an HIV prevention strategy, and nowhere more than in the South. Objective: Identify those specific recommendations for control and treatment of STDs that available evidence indicates can reduce HIV transmission. Study: Review of published literature. Results: Community trials produced inconsistent results but still suggest that STD treatment can reduce HIV transmission in the United States. Treatment of symptomatic STDs among those with HIV-infection should reduce HIV infectivity. There is as yet only limited evidence that STD treatment can reduce HIV susceptibility, although promising studies addressing herpes simplex virus are under way. Conclusions: The unacceptably large racial disparities in STD rates must be addressed, symptomatic STDs among HIV-infected individuals treated, and syphilis prevention activities continued. Detection of unrecognized HIV infections among those seeking STD services should be a priority; identification of those with STDs and acute HIV infection may provide unique HIV prevention opportunities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Berman, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sberman@cdc.gov NR 113 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 SU S BP S50 EP S57 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000175395.95911.85 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 058IF UT WOS:000238658000009 PM 16554696 ER PT J AU Fleming, PL Lansky, A Lee, LM Nakashima, AK AF Fleming, PL Lansky, A Lee, LM Nakashima, AK TI The epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in women in the southern United States SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; RURAL-AREAS; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; RISK BEHAVIORS; AIDS; MIGRATION; CARE; SURVEILLANCE; EXPERIENCE; DIAGNOSIS AB Objective: We reviewed data from multiple sources to examine distinguishing features of the HIV epidemic among women in the South. Goal: The goal of this study was to identify HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention research priorities in the South. Study Design: Cases of HIV/AIDS and STDs were analyzed to compare rates by region and rates in urban versus rural areas. Data from interviews of persons reported with HIV/AIDS from rural areas in 4 southern states compared social and behavioral characteristics of men versus women. Results: The South is characterized by high AIDS and STD rates. The epidemic among southern women is distinguished by the predominance of heterosexually acquired infection, the disproportionate impact on blacks, the high proportion residing in rural areas, and multiple high-risk behaviors. Conclusions: Research to identify determinants of high-risk sex and drug-using behaviors among poor, minority men and women in less urban and rural southern regions is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alansky@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 SU S BP S32 EP S38 DI 10.1097/01.oiq.0000221020.13749.de PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 058IF UT WOS:000238658000006 PM 16794553 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A Broadwell, SD Yao, PK Hasin, D AF O'Leary, A Broadwell, SD Yao, PK Hasin, D TI Major depression, alcohol and drug use disorders do not appear to account for the sexually transmitted disease and HIV epidemics in the southern United States SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTERVIEW SCHEDULE AUDADIS; DSM-IV ALCOHOL; NATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GENERAL-POPULATION SAMPLE; RISK BEHAVIOR; CONDOM USE; GAY MEN; ABUSE DIAGNOSES; SELF-REGULATION AB Objective: Sexually transmitted disease (STD) and HIV infection are occurring at epidemic rates in the southern region of the United States. Depression and substance use disorders are associated with sexual risk behavior, so we investigated whether regionwide societal rates of major depression or substance use disorders could explain the higher southern rates. Methods: Data came from two surveys, the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES; 1991-1992, N = 42,862) and the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; 2001-2002, N = 43,093). Outcome variables included Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) major depressive disorder and substance use disorders (abuse/dependence), binge drinking, and lifetime drinker versus abstainer. Southern region was contrasted to all others. Because the STD/HIV epidemics affect blacks, especially young black women (18-44 years) disproportionately, we examined the relationships among region, depression, and substances in these subpopulations separately. Results: DSM-IV alcohol and cannabis abuse or dependence and being a lifetime drinker were significantly lower in the south than elsewhere in both the NLAES and NESARC with similar trends for DSM-IV cocaine abuse/dependence. Conclusions: Counter to hypotheses, higher societal rates of depression or substance use disorders cannot account for the epidemic of STDs and HIV infection in the southern United States. Further studies are needed to determine if alcohol and drug disorders, being more deviant when they occur in the south, are more strongly associated with sexual risk behavior there than elsewhere. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aoleary@cdc.gov NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 SU S BP S70 EP S77 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000204840.90020.88 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 058IF UT WOS:000238658000012 PM 16543865 ER PT J AU Lammie, PJ Fenwick, A Utzinger, J AF Lammie, Patrick J. Fenwick, Alan Utzinger, Juerg TI A blueprint for success: integration of neglected tropical disease control programmes SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS ELIMINATION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL; INTESTINAL HELMINTHS; MASS CHEMOTHERAPY; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; HOOKWORM INFECTION AB The rapid expansion of chemotherapy-based control programmes for neglected tropical diseases has been catalysed by funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, donations of several drugs from pharmaceutical manufacturers, and the reduced price of the drug praziquantel. Focussing on lymphatic filariasis, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, we review here the progress made to date with the implementation and integration of large-scale control programmes. Unresolved issues include a means for rapid identification of communities at highest risk of co-morbidity, cost-effective approaches for integrating the technical interventions into setting-specific packages, and determination of the most appropriate and sustainable delivery systems. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Schistosomiasis Control Initiat, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Swiss Trop Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. RP Fenwick, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Schistosomiasis Control Initiat, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, St Marys Campus,Norfolk Pl, London W2 1PG, England. EM a.fenwick@imperial.ac.uk NR 82 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 7 BP 313 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2006.05.009 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 068XC UT WOS:000239406900008 PM 16713738 ER PT J AU Hampson, NB Stock, AL AF Hampson, N. B. Stock, A. L. TI Storm-related carbon monoxide poisoning: Lessons learned from recent epidemics. SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ICE STORM AB Over the past 15 years, a number of epidemics of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning related to various storms have been reported. While the geographical location of these outbreaks and the types of storms involved has been diverse, review of the events reveals a number of common factors and themes. This paper summarizes the details of 9 published reports describing CO poisoning associated with I I different storms. When common patterns were examined, five "lessons to be learned" from the experience were derived. They are (1) loss of electrical power can lead indirectly to carbon monoxide poisoning, (2) campaigns to educate the public about risks for CO exposure should be timed regionally to coincide with the peak risk for typical storms, (3) significant opportunities exist for prevention of generator-related CO poisoning, (4) there is a window of time for effective communications regarding the dangers of CO poisoning even after a storm strikes, and (5) the major sources of CO responsible for poisonings can be related to the type of storm and are predictable. It is hoped that each of these lessons are used to develop public programs designed to prevent storm-associated CO poisoning in the future. C1 Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Sect, Ctr Hyperbar Med, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hampson, NB (reprint author), Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Sect, Ctr Hyperbar Med, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI DUNKIRK PA 10020 SOUTHER MARYLAND BLVD, PO BOX 1020, DUNKIRK, MD 20754-1020 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 BP 257 EP 263 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 081SE UT WOS:000240336500006 PM 17004412 ER PT J AU Geller, SE Cox, SM Callaghan, WM Berg, CJ AF Geller, Stacie E. Cox, Suzanne M. Callaghan, William M. Berg, Cynthia J. TI Morbidity and mortality in pregnancy: Laying the groundwork for safe motherhood SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Expecting Something Better - A Conference to Optimize Maternal Health Care CY MAY 18-19, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Jacobs Inst Womens Hlth ID ACUTE MATERNAL MORBIDITY; UNITED-STATES; NEAR-MISS; INTENSIVE-CARE; DEATHS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; PREVENTION; PREVENTABILITY; COMPLICATIONS; HEMORRHAGE AB The Safe Motherhood Initiative is a global effort to reduce deaths and illnesses among women and infants. Despite the relatively low maternal mortality rate in the United States, ensuring safe motherhood is still critical. For several reasons, it is important to study maternal mortality and morbidity. First, the pregnancy-related mortality ratio has not declined; second, evidence suggests that at least half of pregnancy-related deaths may be preventable through changes in patient, provider, or system factors; and third, mortality rates are disproportionately high among certain racial and ethnic groups. In addition, deaths are only the tip of the iceberg: maternal morbidity also represents a huge burden of disease for women and their families. Broadening the research focus and prevention efforts to include the study of maternal morbidity, especially near-miss morbidity-life-threatening morbidity-can strengthen the study of maternal death. This paper presents an overview of maternal mortality and morbidity including incidence and etiology, issues and challenges for measurement, and issues of preventability. We also address specific strategies for change for health care providers, federal and state health agencies, and the public health community. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Geller, SE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 820 S Wood St,MC 808, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM sgeller@uic.edu NR 53 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 176 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.whi.2006.06.003 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 077SZ UT WOS:000240051800005 PM 16920522 ER PT J AU Morales, JA Chaves, AJ Visvesvara, GS Dubey, JP AF Morales, JA Chaves, AJ Visvesvara, GS Dubey, JP TI Naegleria fowleri-associated encephalitis in a cow from Costa Rica SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Naegleria fowleri; cattle; encephalitis; Costa Rica ID AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS AB Species of Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, and Balamuthia are soil amoebae that can cause encephalitis in animals and humans. Of these, Naegleria fowleri is the cause of often fatal primary meningoencephalitis in humans. N. fowleri-associated encephalitis was diagnosed in a cow that was suspected to have rabies. Only formalin-fixed brain was available for diagnosis. There was severe meningoencephalitis involving all parts of the brain and numerous amoebic trophozoites were present in lesions. The amoebae reacted with N. fowleri-specific polyclonal antibodies in an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. This is the first report of amoebic encephalitis in any host from Costa Rica. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma, Escuela Med Vet, Dept Pathol, Heredia, Costa Rica. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 139 IS 1-3 BP 221 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.011 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 055GV UT WOS:000238439100026 PM 16638625 ER PT J AU McMorrow, M AF McMorrow, M CA World Hlth Org UN Childrens Fund Natl Ctr Immunization & Resp Dis TI Vaccine preventable deaths and the global immunization vision and strategy, 2006-2015 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 511-515, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 World Hlth Org, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, Geneva, Switzerland. UN, Childrens Fund, New York, NY 10017 USA. CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McMorrow, M (reprint author), World Hlth Org, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 28 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 24 BP 2840 EP 2842 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 057DY UT WOS:000238577700009 ER PT J AU Mochizuki-Kobayashi, Y Fishbum, B Baptiste, J El-Awa, F Nikogosian, H Peruga, A Rahman, K Warren, CW Jones, NR Asma, S McKnight, LR AF Mochizuki-Kobayashi, Y Fishbum, B Baptiste, J El-Awa, F Nikogosian, H Peruga, A Rahman, K Warren, CW Jones, NR Asma, S McKnight, LR TI Use of cigarettes and other tobacco products among students aged 13-15 years - Worldwide, 1999-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 553, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Tobacco Free Initiat, Geneva, Switzerland. World Hlth Org, African Reg Off, Harare, Zimbabwe. World Hlth Org, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Cairo, Egypt. World Hlth Org, European Reg Off, Copenhagen, Denmark. World Hlth Org, SE Asia Reg Off, New Delhi, India. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mochizuki-Kobayashi, Y (reprint author), Tobacco Free Initiat, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 28 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 24 BP 2842 EP 2843 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 057DY UT WOS:000238577700010 ER PT J AU Faeh, D Viswanathan, B Chiolero, A Warren, W Bovet, P AF Faeh, David Viswanathan, Bharathi Chiolero, Arnaud Warren, Wick Bovet, Pascal TI Clustering of smoking, alcohol drinking and cannabis use in adolescents in a rapidly developing country SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; ILLICIT DRUG-USE; SUBSTANCE USE; TOBACCO USE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PROBLEM BEHAVIOR; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; UNITED-STATES; INDIAN-OCEAN AB Background: Smoking, alcohol drinking and cannabis use ("risk behaviors") are often initiated at a young age but few epidemiological studies have assessed their joined prevalence in children in developing countries. This study aims at examining the joint prevalence of these behaviors in adolescents in the Seychelles, a rapidly developing country in the Indian Ocean. Methods: Cross-sectional survey in a representative sample of secondary school students using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire ( Global Youth Tobacco Survey). The questionnaire was completed by 1,321 (92%) of 1,442 eligible students aged 11 to 17 years. Main variables of interest included smoking cigarettes on >= 1 day in the past 30 days; drinking any alcohol beverage on >= 1 day in the past 30 days and using cannabis at least once in the past 12 months. Results: In boys and girls, respectively, prevalence (95% CI) was 30% ( 26 - 34)/21% ( 18 - 25) for smoking, 49% ( 45 - 54)/48% ( 43 - 52) for drinking, and 17% ( 15 - 20)/8% ( 6 - 10) for cannabis use. The prevalence of all these behaviors increased with age. Smokers were two times more likely than non-smokers to drink and nine times more likely to use cannabis. Drinkers were three times more likely than non-drinkers to smoke or to use cannabis. Comparison of observed versus expected frequencies of combination categories demonstrated clustering of these risk behaviors in students ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Smoking, drinking and cannabis use were common and clustered among adolescents of a rapidly developing country. These findings stress the need for early and integrated prevention programs. C1 Univ Inst Social & Prevent Med, Lausanne, Switzerland. Minist Hlth & Social Serv, Victoria, Seychelles. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bovet, P (reprint author), Univ Inst Social & Prevent Med, Lausanne, Switzerland. EM david.faeh@unil.ch; bviswanathan@seychelles.net; arnaud.chiolero@chuv.ch; wcw1@cdc.gov; pascal.bovet@chuv.ch RI Bovet, Pascal/F-4477-2011 OI Bovet, Pascal/0000-0002-0242-4259 NR 45 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUN 27 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 169 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-6-169 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 083RA UT WOS:000240474700001 PM 16803621 ER PT J AU Lowen, AC Mubareka, S Tumpey, TM Garcia-Sastre, A Palese, P AF Lowen, Anice C. Mubareka, Samira Tumpey, Terrence M. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Palese, Peter TI The guinea pig as a transmission model for human influenza viruses SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; contact spread; droplet spread; pandemic; sentinel ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; MORTALITY; VIRULENCE; EPIDEMICS; FERRETS AB The severity of epidemic and pandemic influenza outbreaks is dictated in part by the efficiency with which the causative strain transmits between human hosts. The mechanisms underlying influenza virus spread are poorly understood, in part because of the lack of a convenient animal model to study this phenomenon. Indeed, despite extremely efficient transmission among humans and virulence in the mouse model, we have shown that even the 1918 pandemic influenza virus does not transmit between mice. We therefore evaluated the guinea pig as a model mammalian host for influenza virus. Using the recent human isolate A/Panama/2007/99 (Pan/99) (H3N2) virus, we found that guinea pigs were highly susceptible to infection with the unadapted virus (ID50 = 5 plaque-forming units). Pan/99 virus grew to high titers in the upper respiratory tract and was shed in nasal washings of infected animals. Moreover, influenza virus was transmitted from infected guinea pigs to noninfected guinea pigs housed in the same cage, an adjacent cage, and a cage placed 91 cm away. Our results demonstrate that influenza virus can pass between guinea pigs by means of droplet spread and thereby establish the suitability of the guinea pig as a model host for influenza virus transmission studies. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Palese, P (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1124, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM peter.palese@mssm.edu RI Wei, Jianjian/F-7788-2011; OI Wei, Jianjian/0000-0001-8859-8462; Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI058113, AI 58113, R01 AI 18998-25, R01 AI018998, U19 AI062623, U54 AI 057158, U54 AI057158, UC19 AI 062623] NR 32 TC 179 Z9 196 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 27 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 26 BP 9988 EP 9992 DI 10.1073/pnas.0604157103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 061LC UT WOS:000238872900044 PM 16785447 ER PT J AU Marks, G Crepaz, N Janssen, RS AF Marks, Gary Crepaz, Nicole Janssen, Robert S. TI Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the USA SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; sexual transmission; risk behaviour; HIV-positive ID TRANSMITTED-DISEASE RATES; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; VIRAL LOAD AB Background: New HIV infections stem from people who are aware they are HIV positive (approximately 75% of infected persons in the USA) and those who are unaware of their HIV-positive status (approximately 25%). Objective: We estimated the relative contribution of these two groups in sexually transmitting new HIV infections to at-risk (HIV-negative or unknown serostatus) partners in the USA. Methods: The parameters in the estimation included: number of people aware and unaware they are infected with HIV; 33% of the aware group are at low risk of transmitting HIV because of low/undetectable viral load; 57% relative reduction in the prevalence of unprotected anal and vaginal intercourse (UAV) with at-risk partners in persons aware (compared to unaware) they have HIV; and assumed differences in the average number of at-risk UAV partners in each awareness group (ranging from equal to twice as many in the unaware group). Results: The proportion of sexually transmitted HIV from the HIV-positive unaware group was estimated to range from 0.54 (assuming no difference in average number of at-risk UAV partners between groups) to 0.70 (assuming twice as many at-risk UAV partners in the unaware group). Using the lower bounds, the transmission rate from the unaware group was 3.5 times that of the aware group after adjusting for population size differences between groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that the HIV/AIDS epidemic can be lessened substantially by increasing the number of HIV-positive persons who are aware of their status. (c) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marks, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gmarks@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 635 Z9 659 U1 6 U2 35 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 26 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1447 EP 1450 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000233579.79714.8d PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 068FM UT WOS:000239358100011 PM 16791020 ER PT J AU Mastro, TD Yip, R AF Mastro, Timothy D. Yip, Ray TI The legacy of unhygienic plasma collection in China SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV-INFECTION; HEPATITIS-C; DONORS; PREVALENCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program China, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mastro, TD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop D-21,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Mastro@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 26 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1451 EP 1452 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000233580.56844.c1 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 068FM UT WOS:000239358100012 PM 16791021 ER PT J AU Schafer, S Gillette, H Hedberg, K Cieslak, P AF Schafer, S Gillette, H Hedberg, K Cieslak, P TI A community-wide pertussis outbreak - An argument for universal booster vaccination SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; YOUNG INFANTS; RISK-FACTORS; ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; INFECTION; CHILDREN AB Background: Pertussis incidence has increased in the United States since 1980, punctuated by outbreaks that involve adults and adolescents. We investigated a community-wide outbreak and studied risk factors among adults to identify prevention and control opportunities. Methods: We analyzed surveillance data, interviewed patients, visited outbreak sites, and conducted a case-control study of risk factors for first-in-household adult infection during a Jackson County, Oregon, outbreak in 2003. Results: In Jackson County, 135 pertussis cases were reported; the incidence was 71 per 100 000 population compared with 0 to 1 per 100 000 population from 1995 through 2001. Case investigations identified 2658 close contacts (19.7 per case); 1050 (40%) received antibiotic prophylaxis. Older children and adolescents (aged 10-17 years) and adults (aged > 18 years) accounted for 67% of cases. Five infants were hospitalized (192 hospitalizations per 100 000 infants) compared with 18 in the remainder of the state (33 per 100 000 infants). Many cases occurred among epidemiologically linked clusters of varied composition, such as jail inmates and employees, methamphetamine users, low-income housing residents, school students and employees, and employees in certain work settings. Adult patients were more likely than controls to live with children aged 6 to 10 years (odds ratio, 6.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-23.4) and less likely to report a complete childhood vaccination history (odds ratio, 0.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.003-0.9). Conclusion: The predominance of adolescent and adult cases, appearance of new clusters despite aggressive control efforts, clustering of cases in hard-to-reach populations, and absence of modifiable risk factors for adult disease in this outbreak all suggest that universal booster vaccination of adolescents and adults might offer the only effective means to prevent such events in the future. C1 Oregon State Publ Hlth, HIV STD TB Program, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Oregon State Publ Hlth, Immunizat Program, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schafer, S (reprint author), Oregon State Publ Hlth, HIV STD TB Program, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, 800 Oregon St,Suite 1105, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM sean.schafer@state.or.us FU PHS HHS [U90/CCU 017007, U50/CCU 011184] NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUN 26 PY 2006 VL 166 IS 12 BP 1317 EP 1321 DI 10.1001/archinte.166.12.1317 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 056YI UT WOS:000238560600011 PM 16801516 ER PT J AU Gershman, K Rios, S Woods-Stout, D Dworkin, M Hunt, K Hunt, DC Hill, J Quinlisk, P Harris, M Kenyon, C McNeill, KM Travnicek, RG Zhu, B Hedrick, E Marx, HL Renicker, R O'Keefe, AL Safranek, T Slagy, S Silvestri, S Sullivan, J Mankowski, J Grill, R Luckenbill, K Lurie, P Rickert, R Stafford, H Gannon, S Kightlinger, L Berg, J Davis, J Gabor, J Averhoff, F Marienau, K Bell, M Bolyard, E McDonald, C Srinivasan, A Santibanez, TA Santoli, J Roush, SW Srivastava, PU Anderson, L Bellini, B Bridges, CB Dayan, G Goldstein, ST Marin, M Parashar, U Redd, S Reef, S Rota, J Rota, PA Seward, J Shawney, C Huang, A Parker, A Shimabukuro, T AF Gershman, K Rios, S Woods-Stout, D Dworkin, M Hunt, K Hunt, DC Hill, J Quinlisk, P Harris, M Kenyon, C McNeill, KM Travnicek, RG Zhu, B Hedrick, E Marx, HL Renicker, R O'Keefe, AL Safranek, T Slagy, S Silvestri, S Sullivan, J Mankowski, J Grill, R Luckenbill, K Lurie, P Rickert, R Stafford, H Gannon, S Kightlinger, L Berg, J Davis, J Gabor, J Averhoff, F Marienau, K Bell, M Bolyard, E McDonald, C Srinivasan, A Santibanez, TA Santoli, J Roush, SW Srivastava, PU Anderson, L Bellini, B Bridges, CB Dayan, G Goldstein, ST Marin, M Parashar, U Redd, S Reef, S Rota, J Rota, PA Seward, J Shawney, C Huang, A Parker, A Shimabukuro, T TI Update: Multistate outbreak of mumps - United States, January 1 May 2, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 559, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID POPULATION; VACCINE C1 Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Topeka, KS USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MO USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. S Dakota Dept Hlth, Pierre, SD USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gershman, K (reprint author), Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 21 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 23 BP 2712 EP + PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 054OZ UT WOS:000238389700010 ER PT J AU Harris, C Ayala, C Croft, JB AF Harris, C Ayala, C Croft, JB TI Place of death after stroke - United States, 1999-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 529, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DELAY; CARE C1 CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Harris, C (reprint author), CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 21 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 23 BP 2717 EP 2718 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 054OZ UT WOS:000238389700011 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Werny, D Thompson, T AF Saraiya, M. Werny, D. Thompson, T. TI Relationship of body mass index and other anthropometric measures and prostate specific antigen, NHANES 2001-2002. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S BP 253S EP 253S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009401447 ER PT J AU Richardson, LC Berkowitz, Z AF Richardson, L. C. Berkowitz, Z. TI Adequacy of follow-up after an abnormal fecal occult blood test (FOBT) result. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S MA 6035 BP 309S EP 309S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009402108 PM 27954602 ER PT J AU Robertson, MD George, TJ Chang, M Richardson, LC AF Robertson, M. D. George, T. J. Chang, M. Richardson, L. C. TI A case-control study evaluating differences in resource utilization between diabetic and non-diabetic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S MA 6126 BP 332S EP 332S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009402197 PM 27955181 ER PT J AU George, A Tokars, JI Clutterbuck, EJ Bamford, KB Pusey, C Holmes, AH AF George, A Tokars, JI Clutterbuck, EJ Bamford, KB Pusey, C Holmes, AH TI Quality improvement report - Reducing dialysis associated bacteraemia, and recommendations for surveillance in the United Kingdom: prospective study SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; VASCULAR ACCESS; INFECTIONS; MORTALITY; DOPPS AB Problem Bacteraemia in dialysis units accounts for major morbidity, mortality and antibiotic usage. Risk is much greater when lines rather than fistulas are used for haemodialysis. Surveillance is critical for infection control, but no standardised surveillance scheme exists in die United Kingdom. Design Prospective study in a London dialysis unit of the implementation and applicability of a dialysis associated bacteraemia surveillance scheme developed in the United States and its effect on bacteraemia, antibiotic usage, and admission. Setting Hammersmith Hospital dialysis unit, London, where 112 outpatients receive dialysis three times weekly. Between June 2002 and December 2004, 3418 patient months of data were collected. Key measures for improvement Successful adoption of the scheme and reductions in bacteraemia rates, antibiotic usage, and admission to hospital. Strategy for improvement Embedding the surveillance scheme in the unit's clinical activity. Effects of change Raised awareness of bacteraemia prevention, prudent antibiotic prescribing, and the need for improved provision of vascular access. The scheme required two hours a month of consultant time. Significant downward trends were seen in bacteraemia rates and antibiotic usage: mean rate ratios from quarter to quarter 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.85 to 0.94) and 0.91 (0.87 to 0.96), respectively The rate of admission to hospital also showed a significant downward trend, with admissions directly connected to access related infection declining more rapidly: mean rate ratio Of Successive quarters 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96).The overall proportion of patients dialysed through catheters was significantly higher than in US outpatient centres (62.3% v 29.4%, P < 0.01). Study data were successfully, used in a business case to improve access provision. Lessons learnt Dialysis specific surveillance of bacteraemia is critical to infection control in dialysis units and improving quality of care. Such a scheme could be adopted across the United Kingdom. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Infect Dis, London W12 0NN, England. Hammersmith Hosp NHS Trust, Renal Unit, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holmes, AH (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Infect Dis, London W12 0NN, England. EM alison.holmes@imperial.ac.uk NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD JUN 17 PY 2006 VL 332 IS 7555 BP 1435 EP 1437 DI 10.1136/bmj.332.7555.1435 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 056UO UT WOS:000238550800034 PM 16777887 ER PT J AU Petersen, MR Deddens, JA AF Petersen, MR Deddens, JA TI Re: Easy SAS calculations for risk or prevalence ratios and differences SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. RP Petersen, MR (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mrp1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 12 BP 1158 EP 1159 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj162 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 055BL UT WOS:000238424900014 PM 16754637 ER PT J AU Munsiff, SS Li, JH Cook, SV Piatek, A Laraque, F Ebrahimzadeh, A Fujiwara, PI AF Munsiff, SS Li, JH Cook, SV Piatek, A Laraque, F Ebrahimzadeh, A Fujiwara, PI TI Trends in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in New York City, 1991-2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background. Two drug-resistance surveys showed a very high prevalence of drug resistance among isolates obtained from patients with tuberculosis in 1991 and 1994 in New York, New York. Methods. A cross-sectional survey in April 1997 and a survey of incident cases in April-June 2003 were conducted. The trend in the proportion of drug resistance in the 4 surveys was examined separately for prevalent and incident cases. Risk factors for drug resistance in incident cases were also assessed. Results. The number of patients was 251 in the 1997 survey and 217 in the 2003 survey. Among prevalent cases, the percentage of cases with resistance to any antituberculosis drug decreased from 33.5% in 1991 to 23.8% in 1994 and to 21.5% in 1997 (p <.001, by test for trend); cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis also decreased significantly, from 19% in 1991 to 6.8% in 1997 (p <.001 by test for trend). Among incident cases in the 4 surveys, the decrease in resistance to any antituberculosis drugs was not statistically significant; however, the decrease in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (from 9% in 1991 to 2.8% in 2003) was statistically significant (p=.002 by test for trend). However, in 2003, a worrisome increase in incident cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (an increase of 23%) was seen among previously treated patients with pulmonary tuberculosis not born in the United States. Human immunodeficiency virus infection, a strong predictor for drug resistance in 1991 and 1994, was not associated with drug resistance in subsequent surveys. Conclusions. Intensive case management, including directly observed therapy, adherence monitoring, and periodic medical review to ensure appropriate treatment for each patient, should be sustained to prevent acquired drug resistance. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, New York, NY 10007 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Publ Hlth Labs, New York, NY 10007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Munsiff, SS (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, 225 Broadway,22nd Flr,CN 72B, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM smunsiff@health.nyc.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1702 EP 1710 DI 10.1086/504325 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 043TO UT WOS:000237624800008 PM 16705575 ER PT J AU De Santis, AC Caldanaro, RJ Glickman, NW Moore, GE Glickman, LT Raghavan, M Lewis, HB Schantz, PM AF De Santis, AC Caldanaro, RJ Glickman, NW Moore, GE Glickman, LT Raghavan, M Lewis, HB Schantz, PM TI Questions feline parasite survey methods - response SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Pet Hosp, Portland, OR USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA USA. RP De Santis, AC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 12 BP 1859 EP 1860 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 051OK UT WOS:000238170200015 ER PT J AU Nichani, V Li, WI Smith, MA Noonan, G Kulkarni, M Kodavor, M Naeher, LP AF Nichani, V Li, WI Smith, MA Noonan, G Kulkarni, M Kodavor, M Naeher, LP TI Blood lead levels in children after phase-out of leaded gasoline in Bombay, India SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE pediatric; blood lead; airborne lead; particulate matter; PM10 ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; RISK-FACTORS; EXPOSURE; POPULATION; JAKARTA; KARACHI; MUMBAI; AREA; CITY AB The objective of this study was to test for reduction in pediatric blood lead levels (BLLs) in Bombay, India, by comparing BLLs collected in 2002 (after use of leaded gasoline was phased out in Bombay) to those collected in a study conducted by the George Foundation in 1997 (when leaded gasoline was still used in Bombay). We analyzed BLL in a total of 754 children under 12 years of age in two separate sampling campaigns (276 from December 2002 to January 2003 [non-monsoon season]; 478 in June to August 2003 [monsoon season]). BLL was measured using an ESA Lead Care Portable Analyzer. We also measured lead in PM 10 samples collected in the study region. These data were compared with a study done by the George Foundation in 1997 before the phase out of leaded gasoline. The George Foundation study reported that 61.8% of the 291 children tested in Bombay had elevated blood lead levels (BLL >= 10 mu g/dL). In the present study, 33.2% of the 754 tested children had elevated blood lead levels. The average BLL for the current study population (Geometric Mean=8.36 mu g/dL, SD=5.23 mu g/dL) was lower than the CDC level of concern (10 mu g/dL), with one child diagnosed with lead poisoning (BLL > 65 mu g/dL). A seasonal trend of BLLs was suggested, with BLL in monsoon season (Geometric Mean = 9.1 mu g/dL, SD = 5.7 mu g/dL) higher than that in the non-monsoon season (Geometric Mean=7.3 mu g/dL, SD=4.0 mu g/dL). A seasonal periodicity of lead in PM10 was found, with lead in monsoon season (Geometric Mean=0.04 mu g/m(3), SEM=0.000667 mu g/m(3)) lower than that in the non-monsoon season (Geometric Mean=0.38 (Ig/m(3), SEM=0.10 mu g/m(3)). The overall level of airborne dust (PM10) in monsoon season (56.2 mu g/m(3)) was lower than in the non-monsoon season (273.0 mu g/m(3)), presumably due to precipitation. The comparatively higher BLLs in the monsoon season, in the presence of lower air lead levels, suggest ingestion of water or food, with greater lead contamination in the monsoon season, as a possible pathway contributing to elevated BLLs in these children in the monsoon season. These results demonstrate a significant success of the public health system in Bombay, India-achieved by the removal of lead from gasoline. The emphasis should shift in the study region towards sources of lead exposure other than leaded gasoline (lead in paints, lead in Herbal medicines and lead in Kohl). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. UGA, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Sardar Patel Coll Engn, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. Panchsheel Hosp, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. RP Naeher, LP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, EHS Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM LNaeher@uga.edu NR 45 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 363 IS 1-3 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.06.033 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058OQ UT WOS:000238674700011 PM 16181659 ER PT J AU Anand, SS Philip, BK Palkar, PS Mumtaz, MM Latendresse, JR Mehendale, HM AF Anand, SS Philip, BK Palkar, PS Mumtaz, MM Latendresse, JR Mehendale, HM TI Adaptive tolerance in mice upon subchronic exposure to chloroform: Increased exhalation and target tissue regeneration SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chloroform; exhalation; kidney; liver; tissue repair; tolerance; toxicity ID MALE B6C3F(1) MICE; CELL-PROLIFERATION; PREDICTIVE TOXICOLOGY; INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY; LIVER-REGENERATION; BINARY-MIXTURE; BDF1 MICE; F344 RATS; CORN-OIL; REPAIR AB The aims of the present study were to characterize the subchronic toxicity of chloroform by measuring tissue injury, repair, and distribution of chloroform and to assess the reasons for the development of tolerance to subchronic chloroform toxicity. Male Swiss Webster (SW) mice were given three dose levels of chloroform (150, 225, and 300 mg/kg/day) by gavage in aqueous vehicle for 30 days. Liver and kidney injury were measured by plasma ALT and BUN, respectively, and by histopathology. Tissue regeneration was assessed by 3 H-thymidine incorporation into hepato- and nephro-nuclear DNA and by proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining. In addition, GSH and CYP2E1 in liver and kidney were assessed at selected time points. The levels of chloroform were measured in blood, liver, and kidney during the dosing regimen (1, 7, 14, and 30 days). Kidney injury was evident after I day with all three doses and sustained until 7 days followed by complete recovery. Mild to moderate liver injury was observed from I to 14 days with all three dose levels followed by gradual decrease. Significantly higher regenerative response was evident in liver and kidney at 7 days, but the response was robust in kidney, preventing progression of injury beyond first week of exposure. While the kidney regeneration reached basal levels by 21 days, moderate liver regeneration with two higher doses sustained through the end of the dosing regimen and 3 days after that. Following repeated exposure for 7, 14, and 30 days, the blood and tissue levels of chloroform were substantially lower with all three dose levels compared to the levels observed with single exposure. Increased exhalation of 14 C-chloroform after repeated exposures explains the decreased chloroform levels in circulation and tissues. These results suggest that toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics (tissue regeneration) contribute to the tolerance observed in SW mice to subchronic chloroform toxicity. Neither bioactivation nor detoxification appears to play a decisive role in the development of this tolerance. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Louisiana Monroe, Coll Pharm, Dept Toxicol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. ATSDR, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Toxicol Pathol Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Mehendale, HM (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Monroe, Coll Pharm, Dept Toxicol, 700 Univ Ave,Sugar Hall 306, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. EM sanand@rx.uga.edu; mehendale@ulm.edu RI Latendresse, John/A-9215-2009 FU PHS HHS [U61/ATU681482] NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 213 IS 3 BP 267 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.02.007 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 054WQ UT WOS:000238409700009 PM 16630638 ER PT J AU Proudfoot, S Hales, T Struttmann, TW Guglielmo, C Ridenour, ML Noe, RS AF Proudfoot, S Hales, T Struttmann, TW Guglielmo, C Ridenour, ML Noe, RS TI Fatalities among volunteer and career firefighters - United States, 1994-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 453-455, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Safety Res, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Proudfoot, S (reprint author), CDC, Div Safety Res, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 14 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 22 BP 2594 EP 2596 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 052HI UT WOS:000238224000010 ER PT J AU Soud, F AF Soud, F CA Food & Drug Adm Arizona State Hlth Dept New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv New York State Dept Hlth Columbia City Hlth Dept Penn Dept Hlth Natl Ctr Infect Dis TI Update: Guillain-Barre syndrome among recipients of Menactra (R) meningococcal conjugate vaccine - United States, October 2005-February 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 364-366, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Arizona State Hlth Dept, Phoenix, AZ USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Columbus City Hlth Dept, Columbus, OH USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. CDC, Immunizat Safety Off, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Soud, F (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 14 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 22 BP 2596 EP 2597 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 052HI UT WOS:000238224000011 ER PT J AU Marston, B Miller, B AF Marston, Barbara Miller, Bess TI Tuberculosis: the elephant in the AIDS clinic? SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SOUTH-AFRICA; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marston, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BMarston@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 12 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1323 EP 1325 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000232241.13168.5c PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 065SX UT WOS:000239180700014 PM 16816562 ER PT J AU Borrow, R Carlone, GM Rosenstein, N Plikaytis, B Blake, M Feavers, I Martin, D Zollinger, W Robbins, J Aaberge, I Granoff, DM Miller, E van Alphen, L Poolman, J Rappuoli, R Danzig, L Hackell, J Danve, B Caulfield, M Lambert, S Stephens, D AF Borrow, R. Carlone, G. M. Rosenstein, N. Plikaytis, B. Blake, M. Feavers, I. Martin, D. Zollinger, W. Robbins, J. Aaberge, I. Granoff, D. M. Miller, E. van Alphen, L. Poolman, J. Rappuoli, R. Danzig, L. Hackell, J. Danve, B. Caulfield, M. Lambert, S. Stephens, D. TI Neisseria meningitidis group B correlates of protection and assay standardization - International meeting report Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 16-17 march 2005 SO VACCINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; MEMBRANE-VESICLE VACCINE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K1; SERUM BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE; MENINGOCOCCAL SEROGROUP-B; GROUP-C; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY C1 Manchester Royal Infirm, Vaccine Evaluat Unit, Hlth Protect Agcy, Manchester M13 9WZ, Lancs, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Inst Environm Sci, Porirua, New Zealand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94660 USA. Hlth Protect Agcy Ctr Infect, London NW9 5EQ, England. Netherlands Vaccine Inst, NL-3720 AL Bilthoven, Netherlands. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. Chiron Vaccines, Siena, Italy. Chiron Vaccines, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. Wyeth Vaccines, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. Sanofi Pasteur, F-69280 Marcy Letoile, France. Merck & Co Inc, West Point, PA 19486 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Borrow, R (reprint author), Manchester Med Microbiol Partnership, Meningococcal Reference Unit, Hlth Protect Agcy N W, Manchester Lab,Manchester Royal Infirm, POB 209,Clin Sci Bldg, Manchester M13 9WZ, Lancs, England. EM ray.borrow@hpa.org.uk RI Zollinger, Wendell/B-2887-2011 NR 101 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 12 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 24 BP 5093 EP 5107 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.091 PG 15 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 058BD UT WOS:000238638200001 PM 16838413 ER PT J AU Ernst, WA Kim, HJ Tumpey, TM Jansen, ADA Tai, W Cramer, DV Adler-Moore, JP Fujii, G AF Ernst, WA Kim, HJ Tumpey, TM Jansen, ADA Tai, W Cramer, DV Adler-Moore, JP Fujii, G TI Protection against H1, H5, H6 and H9 influenza A infection with liposomal matrix 2 epitope vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE liposome; matrix 2; influenza vaccine ID M2 PROTEIN; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; VIRUS-REPLICATION; MICE; CHALLENGE; IMMUNITY; FUSION; HEMAGGLUTININ; IMMUNIZATION AB The recent emergence of multiple avian influenza A subtypes that cause human disease (i.e., H5N1, H9N2 and H7N7), coupled with the fear that one of these strains might precipitate a new pandemic, underscores the need to develop new technological approaches to immunization which elicit protective immune responses against multiple subtypes of influenza A. In response to this demand, several matrix 2 protein ectodomain segments (M2eA) corresponding to the H1N1, H5N1 and H9N2 influenza strains were formulated using a novel liposome-based vaccine technology and evaluated as potential immunogens for developing a "universal" influenza vaccine. Mice immunized with liposomal M2eA survived homologous challenges with H1N1 (100% survival) or H9N2 (80% survival) influenza strains. There were significant reductions in their lung viral load as well as in immunized mice challenged with the H5N1 subtype. The mice vaccinated with an M2eA segment corresponding to the H1N1 and H6N2 (a reassortant influenza A virus carrying the M2eA from PR8/34) strains elicited elevated IgG ELISA antibody titers to this M2eA epitope segment and antiserum from these immunized mice provided passive protection (100% survival) to naive mice receiving a lethal dose of H6N2 influenza virus. These results provide the first evidence that recombinant M2eA epitopes to multiple subtypes elicited immune protection against a homologous challenge and provides further evidence in favor of the development of a "universal" influenza vaccine based on M2eA. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mol Express Inc, Los Angeles, CA 90061 USA. Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fujii, G (reprint author), Mol Express Inc, 13310 S Figueroa St, Los Angeles, CA 90061 USA. EM gfujii@molecularexpress.com RI Ain, Kenneth/A-5179-2012 OI Ain, Kenneth/0000-0002-2668-934X FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R43AI056890-01, 1R43AI44579-01] NR 28 TC 92 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 12 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 24 BP 5158 EP 5168 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.04.008 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 058BD UT WOS:000238638200008 PM 16713037 ER PT J AU Levine, OS O'Brien, KL Knoll, M Adegbola, RA Black, S Cherian, T Dagan, R Goldblatt, D Grange, A Greenwood, B Hennessy, T Klugman, KP Madhi, SA Mulholland, K Nohynek, H Santosham, M Saha, SK Scott, JA Sow, S Whitney, CG Cutts, F AF Levine, Orin S. O'Brien, Katherine L. Knoll, Maria Adegbola, Richard A. Black, Steven Cherian, Thomas Dagan, Ron Goldblatt, David Grange, Adenike Greenwood, Brian Hennessy, Tom Klugman, Keith P. Madhi, Shabir A. Mulholland, Kim Nohynek, Hanna Santosham, Mathuram Saha, Samir K. Scott, J. Anthony Sow, Samba Whitney, Cynthia G. Cutts, Felicity TI Pneumococcal vaccination in developing countries SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; CHILDREN; DISEASE; PNEUMONIA; FORMULATION; INFECTIONS; SEROGROUPS; IMPACT; TRIAL C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. MRC Labs, Fajara, Gambia. Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Soroka Univ, Med Ctr, Paediat Infect Dis Unit, Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Beer Sheva, Israel. UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, London WC1N 3JH, England. Int Paediat Assoc, Lagos, Nigeria. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Witwatersrand, MRC, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Helsinki, Finland. Dhaka Shishu Hosp, Bangladesh Inst Child Hlth, Dept Microbiol, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Wellcome Trust Kenya Med Res Inst, Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Kilifi, Kenya. Ctr Dev Vaccins Mali, Bamako, Mali. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM olevine@jhsph.edu RI Goldblatt, David/C-5972-2008 OI Goldblatt, David/0000-0002-0769-5242 FU Wellcome Trust [061089, 081835] NR 16 TC 108 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 10 PY 2006 VL 367 IS 9526 BP 1880 EP 1882 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68703-5 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 051XG UT WOS:000238194400006 PM 16765742 ER PT J AU Kuhn, JH Radoshitzky, SR Guth, AC Warfield, KL Li, WH Vincent, MJ Towner, JS Nichol, ST Bavari, S Choe, H Aman, MJ Farzan, M AF Kuhn, JH Radoshitzky, SR Guth, AC Warfield, KL Li, WH Vincent, MJ Towner, JS Nichol, ST Bavari, S Choe, H Aman, MJ Farzan, M TI Conserved receptor-binding domains of Lake Victoria marburgvirus and Zaire ebolavirus bind a common receptor SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME-2; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SARS CORONAVIRUS; DC-SIGN; SPIKE PROTEIN; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; TYROSINE SULFATION; SURFACE PROTEIN; MEMBRANE-FUSION AB The GP(1,2) envelope glycoproteins (GP) of filoviruses (marburg- and ebolaviruses) mediate cell-surface attachment, membrane fusion, and entry into permissive cells. Here we show that a 151-amino acid fragment of the Lake Victoria marburgvirus GP1 subunit bound filovirus-permissive cell lines more efficiently than full-length GP1. An homologous 148-amino acid fragment of the Zaire ebolavirus GP1 subunit similarly bound the same cell lines more efficiently than a series of longer GP1 truncation variants. Neither the marburgvirus GP1 fragment nor that of ebolavirus bound a nonpermissive lymphocyte cell line. Both fragments specifically inhibited replication of infectious Zaire ebolavirus, as well as entry of retroviruses pseudotyped with either Lake Victoria marburgvirus or Zaire ebolavirus GP(1,2). These studies identify the receptor-binding domains of both viruses, indicate that these viruses utilize a common receptor, and suggest that a single small molecule or vaccine can be developed to inhibit infection of all filoviruses. C1 Harvard Univ, New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Dept Biol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Farzan, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, 1 Pine Hill Dr, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. EM farzan@hms.harvard.edu RI Kuhn, Jens H./B-7615-2011; OI Kuhn, Jens H./0000-0002-7800-6045; Li, Wenhui/0000-0003-1305-7404 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI057159] NR 56 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 9 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 23 BP 15951 EP 15958 DI 10.1074/jbc.M601796200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 049DM UT WOS:000237996000046 PM 16595665 ER PT J AU Kay, R Hopkins, R Blackmore, C Johnson, D Schauben, JL Weisman, R Speranza, V Belson, M Schier, JG Patel, M Schulte, J AF Kay, R Hopkins, R Blackmore, C Johnson, D Schauben, JL Weisman, R Speranza, V Belson, M Schier, JG Patel, M Schulte, J CA CDC TI Monitoring poison control center data to detect health hazards during hurricane season - Florida, 2003-2005 (Reprinted MMWR, vol 55, pg 426-428, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Florida Poison Informat Ctr, Network Data Ctr, Jacksonville, FL USA. Florida Poison Informat Ctr, Miami, FL USA. Florida Poison Informat Ctr, Tampa, FL USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kay, R (reprint author), Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RI Schier, Joshua/F-9861-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 7 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 21 BP 2469 EP 2470 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 049ZQ UT WOS:000238057300007 ER PT J AU Marsh, SM Derk, SJ Jackson, LL AF Marsh, SM Derk, SJ Jackson, LL CA CDC TI Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses among workers treated in hospital emergency departments - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 449-452, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NIOSH, Div Safety Res, CDC, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Marsh, SM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Safety Res, CDC, Washington, DC 20201 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 7 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 21 BP 2470 EP 2472 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 049ZQ UT WOS:000238057300008 ER PT J AU Wicker, JA Whiteman, MC Beasley, DWC Davis, CT Zhang, SL Schneider, BS Higgs, S Kinney, RM Barrett, ADT AF Wicker, JA Whiteman, MC Beasley, DWC Davis, CT Zhang, SL Schneider, BS Higgs, S Kinney, RM Barrett, ADT TI A single amino acid substitution in the central portion of the West Nile virus NS4B protein confers a highly attenuated phenotype in mice SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; Flavivirus; NS4B protein; attenuated phenotype; cysteine ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; VISCEROTROPIC STRAIN; VACCINE; TYPE-4; NEUROVIRULENCE; REPLICATION AB West Nile virus (WNV) NS4B is a small hydrophobic nonstructural protein that is hypothesized to participate both in viral replication and evasion of host innate immune defenses. The protein has four cysteine residues (residues 102, 120, 227, and 237). Since cysteines are often critical for the function of proteins, each of the four cysteine residues found in WNV NS4B was mutated to serine by site-directed mutagenesis. While three of these substitutions had little effect on replication or mouse virulence phenotypes, the C102S mutation was associated with a temperature-sensitive phenotype at 41 degrees C as well as attenuation of the neuroinvasive and neurovirulence phenotypes in mice. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Pathol, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev,Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infec, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev,Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infec, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USDA ARS, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Barrett, ADT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Pathol, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev,Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infec, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM abarrett@utmb.edu OI Schneider, Bradley S/0000-0001-7642-0018 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI 7526] NR 20 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 5 PY 2006 VL 349 IS 2 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.03.007 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 053AF UT WOS:000238274900001 PM 16624366 ER PT J AU Rojek, JM Spiropoulou, CF Kunz, S AF Rojek, JM Spiropoulou, CF Kunz, S TI Characterization of the cellular receptors for the South American hemorrhagic fever viruses Junin, Guanarito, and Machupo SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE South American hemorrhagic fever viruses; receptor ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; BROAD-HOST-RANGE; ALPHA-DYSTROGLYCAN; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; ARENAVIRUSES; GLYCOPROTEINS; CELLS; ENTRY; LASSA; RECOMBINATION AB The New World arenaviruses Junin, Machupo, and Guanarito are the causative agents of hemorrhagic fevers (HF) with high mortality in humans. The cellular receptor for Old World arenaviruses and one subgroup of the New World arenaviruses (Clade C) have been identified as alpha-dystroglyean (alpha-DG). In contrast, the receptor(s) of the South American HF viruses, which belong to the Clade B New World arenaviruses, are currently unknown. To begin to characterize the cellular receptors used by these pathogens, we generated recombinant retroviral pseudotypes with the glycoproteins of Guanarito, Junin, and Machupo. Infection with the South American HF viruses is independent of a-DG and functional receptors for Guanarito, Junin, and Machupo were found on most human cell types and cells derived from non-human primate and rodents. Guanarito, Junin, and Machupo share a common receptor, which is distinct from the receptor(s) used by the closely related non-pathogenic Clade B virus Amapari, and the genetically more distant Clade A and C New World arenaviruses. We show that the cellular receptor(s) for the South American HF viruses are proteins or protein-linked entities and that infection is not dependent on protein-linked N-glycans, O-glycans, or glycosaminoglycans. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Mol & Integrat Neurosci Dept, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kunz, S (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Mol & Integrat Neurosci Dept, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM stefanku@scripps.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI55540, 1U54 AI065359, AI45927] NR 56 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 5 PY 2006 VL 349 IS 2 BP 476 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.033 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 053AF UT WOS:000238274900021 PM 16574183 ER PT J AU Coyle, KK Kirby, DB Robin, LE Banspach, SW Baumler, E Glassman, JR AF Coyle, Karin K. Kirby, Douglas B. Robin, Leah E. Banspach, Stephen W. Baumler, Elizabeth Glassman, Jill R. TI All4You! A randomized trial of an HIV, other STDs, and pregnancy prevention intervention for alternative school students SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; SERVICE LEARNING-PROGRAM; HEALTH-RISK BEHAVIORS; PROTECTIVE FACTOR; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; TEEN PREGNANCY; FOLLOW-UP; YOUTH; REDUCTIONS; INFECTION AB This study evaluated All4You!, a theoretically based curriculum designed to reduce sexual risk behaviors associated with HIV, other STDs, and unintended pregnancy among students in alternative schools. The study featured a randomized controlled trial involving 24 community day schools in northern California. A cohort of 988 students was assessed four times during an 18-month period using a self report questionnaire. At the 6-month follow-up, the intervention reduced the frequency of intercourse without a condom during the previous 3 months, the frequency of intercourse without a condom with steady partners, and the number of times students reported having intercourse in the previous 3 months. It also increased condom use at last intercourse. These behavioral effects were no longer statistically significant at the 12- and 18-month follow-ups. The All4You! intervention was effective in reducing selected sexual risk behaviors among students in alternative school settings; however, the effects were modest and short term. C1 ETR Associates, Scotts Valley, CA 95066 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Redstone Analyt, Dallas, TX USA. RP Coyle, KK (reprint author), ETR Associates, 4 Carbonero Way, Scotts Valley, CA 95066 USA. EM karinc@etr.org FU NICHD NIH HHS [R03 HD068173]; PHS HHS [U87CCU916390] NR 44 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 13 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 3 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.3.187 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 100YI UT WOS:000241705700001 PM 16774462 ER PT J AU Folch, C Marks, G Esteve, A Zaragoza, K Munoz, R Casabona, J AF Folch, Cinta Marks, Gary Esteve, Anna Zaragoza, Kati Munoz, Rafa Casabona, Jordi TI Factors associated with unprotected sexual intercourse with steady male, casual male, and female partners among men who have sex with men in Barcelona, Spain SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; GAY MEN; RISK BEHAVIOR; HIV-INFECTION; COMBINATION THERAPIES; INCREASE; AMSTERDAM; OPTIMISM; IMPACT AB To increase understanding of the HIV epidemic among MSM in Barcelona, anonymous questionnaires were completed by 640 MSM recruited in the city in 2002. The prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with casual male partners in the prior 12 months was higher among self-reported HIV-positive men (confirmed through saliva testing) than among men who were HIV-negative or of unknown serostatus (35% vs. 20%, p < .01). The prevalence of UAI with steady male partners was substantially lower among HIV-positive men than other men (28% vs. 60%, p < .01). In multivariate analyses, UAI with casual partners was more likely among HIV-positive individuals; those who used drugs before sex; perceived less acceptance of their sexual orientation by family, friends, or coworkers; and were less concerned about HIV prevention because of antiretroviral therapy (ART). UAI with steady partners was more likely among HIV-negative men with seroconcordant partners, those living with a partner, and men less concerned about HIV prevention because of ART. Findings indicate a need for prevention programs targeting HIV-positive MSM in Barcelona. Attention to substance use and attitudes about HIV prevention are needed for MSM in general. C1 Hosp Univ Germans Trias & Pujol, Ctr Epidemiol Studies HIV AIDS Catalonia CEESCAR, Badalona 08916, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Stop Sida, Coordinadora Gai Lesbiana Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. RP Folch, C (reprint author), Hosp Univ Germans Trias & Pujol, Ctr Epidemiol Studies HIV AIDS Catalonia CEESCAR, Crta Canyet S-N, Badalona 08916, Spain. EM cft.ceescat.germanstrias@gencat.net OI Casabona-Barbara, Jordi/0000-0003-4816-5536 NR 39 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 3 BP 227 EP 242 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.3.227 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 100YI UT WOS:000241705700004 PM 16774465 ER PT J AU Kellerman, SE Drake, A Lansky, A Klevens, RM AF Kellerman, Scott E. Drake, Amy Lansky, Amy Klevens, R. Monina TI Use of and exposure to HIV prevention programs and services by persons at high risk for HIV SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; INDIVIDUALS; INFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; COST AB Although HIV information is widely available in this country, little is known about how commonly used HIV prevention activities reach persons at highest risk for HIV. In this paper, we describe the extent to which HIV prevention strategies reach a sample of high-risk persons and whether such exposure correlates with having been tested for HIV. Data are from the 2000 HIV Testing Survey, an anonymous interview study of men who have sex with men (MSM), injection drug users (IDU), and high-risk heterosexuals ( HRH), recruited from appropriate venues in seven states and New York City. We report the proportion of persons exposed to three types of interventions: information ( media messages, brochures), counseling or skills-building ( group counseling, role play, calling an AIDS hotline), and prevention supplies ( provision of condoms, bleach kits), stratified by HIV testing status ( ever, never). Exposure to information interventions was high among 2491 respondents (85%-96%) and did not differ by testing status. Use of counseling or skills-building interventions varied by testing status for IDU (8% untested versus 41% tested, p < 0.01) and HRH (14% versus 20%, p = 0.03) but not MSM (15% versus 23%, p = 0.08). Among tested IDU, those receiving bleach kits were more likely to report consistent bleach use when injecting with nonsterile needles (25% versus 9%, p = 0.003). Exposure to HIV prevention information is high but exposure to counseling or skills-building interventions is less common and more prevalent among those previously tested. Prevention initiatives should focus on counseling and testing, skills-building, and prevention supplies. C1 Bur HIV AIDS Prevent & Control, Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kellerman, SE (reprint author), Bur HIV AIDS Prevent & Control, Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 40 Worth St,Rm 1502,CN-A1, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM skellerm@health.nyc.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 EI 1557-7449 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 6 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.1089/apc.2006.20.391 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 058UD UT WOS:000238689200002 PM 16789852 ER PT J AU Jacobson, SW Bearer, CF Jacobson, JL Barr, D Molteno, CD Hoyme, HE Robinson, LK Hay, A Carter, RC Croxford, J Marais, AS Viljoen, DL Fuller, D AF Jacobson, S. W. Bearer, C. F. Jacobson, J. L. Barr, D. Molteno, C. D. Hoyme, H. E. Robinson, L. K. Hay, A. Carter, R. C. Croxford, J. Marais, A. S. Viljoen, D. L. Fuller, D. TI Meconium fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) as predictors of severity of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism CY JUN 23-29, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP Res Soc Alcoholism C1 Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cape Town, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 SU S BP 175A EP 175A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 053IS UT WOS:000238299401123 ER PT J AU Caetano, R Ramisetty-Mikler, S Floyd, LR McGrath, C AF Caetano, R Ramisetty-Mikler, S Floyd, LR McGrath, C TI The epidemiology of drinking among women of child-bearing age SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alcohol use; women of child-bearing age; epidemiology; national sample ID FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; PREGNANT-WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; CHILDBEARING AGE; HEALTH; RISK; CONSUMPTION; CARE; IDENTIFICATION AB To estimate the prevalence of drinking, binge drinking (4 or more drinks), and alcohol abuse and dependence and to identify predictors of heavier drinking among women of child-bearing age (18-44 years). Subjects are part of a national multistage random sample from the 2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Binge drinking, abuse, and dependence are higher in younger (< 30 years) pregnant and nonpregnant women. Among pregnant women, binge drinking is highest among Whites; alcohol abuse and dependence rates are relatively low and similar in all racial/ethnic groups. Among nonpregnant women, Whites and mixed race women have the highest rates of binge drinking. Alcohol abuse and dependence are highest among Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders, followed by Native American/Alaska Native women. Women who are White, younger (21-29 years), single, or cohabiting and with a higher income (>$40,000) are at a higher risk for heavier drinking. Drinking and heavier drinking remain at high levels among women of child-bearing age. Prevention efforts must be comprehensive and should target pregnant women who are drinking and those who could become pregnant and are drinking at high-risk levels. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth Houston, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Caetano, R (reprint author), 6011 Harry Hines Blvd,Room V8-112, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM Raul.Caetano@UTSouthwestern.edu NR 52 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1023 EP 1030 DI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00116.x PG 8 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 046KQ UT WOS:000237810900015 PM 16737461 ER PT J AU Ledikwe, JH Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK Seymour, JD Tohill, BC Rolls, BJ AF Ledikwe, JH Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK Seymour, JD Tohill, BC Rolls, BJ TI Dietary energy density is associated with energy intake and weight status in US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy density; obesity; weight management; food patterns; fruit and vegetables; Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals; CSFII ID EATING AD-LIBITUM; BODY-WEIGHT; FOOD-INTAKE; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; COVERT MANIPULATION; OBESE WOMEN; FAT-CONTENT; LIFE-STYLE; TELL US; POPULATION AB Background: Laboratory-based investigations indicate that the consumption of foods with a low energy density (kcal/g) decreases energy intake. Although low-energy-dense diets are recommended for weight management, relations between energy density, energy intake, and weight status have not been clearly shown in free-living persons. Objectives: A representative US sample was used to determine whether dietary energy density is associated with energy intake, the weight of food consumed, and body weight and to explore the influence of food choices (fruit, vegetable, and fat consumption) on energy density and body weight. Design: A cross-sectional survey of adults (n = 7356) from the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and two 24-h dietary recalls were used. Results: Men and women with a low-energy-dense diet had lower energy intakes (approximate to 425 and 275 kcal/d less, respectively) than did those with a high-energy-dense diet, even though they consumed more food (approximate to 400 and 300 g/d more, respectively). Normal-weight persons had diets with a lower energy density than did obese persons. Persons with a high fruit and vegetable intake had the lowest energy density values and the lowest obesity prevalence. Conclusions: Adults consuming a low-energy-dense diet are likely to consume more food (by weight) but to have a lower energy intake than do those consuming a higher-energy-dense diet. ne energy density of a variety of dietary patterns, including higher-fat diets, can be lowered by adding fruit and vegetables. Our findings support the hypothesis that a relation exists between the consumption of an energy-dense diet and obesity and provide evidence of the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption for weight management. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutrit & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ledikwe, JH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, 226 Henderson Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mvh111@psu.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R37DK039177] NR 34 TC 196 Z9 201 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1362 EP 1368 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 054IL UT WOS:000238369900020 PM 16762948 ER PT J AU Ahmed, F Perz, J Bell, B Kwong, S Friedman, C Andrews, V AF Ahmed, F. Perz, J. Bell, B. Kwong, S. Friedman, C. Andrews, V. TI Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in the United States, 1998-2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S141 EP S141 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901044 ER PT J AU Ajani, UA Malarcher, A AF Ajani, U. A. Malarcher, A. TI Smoking among people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and congestive heart failure (CHF). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900014 ER PT J AU Alterman, T Steege, A Chen, X Muntaner, C Li, J AF Alterman, T. Steege, A. Chen, X. Muntaner, C. Li, J. TI Health surveillance of hired farmworker women from the National Agricultural Workers' Survey. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Muntaner, C/A-5043-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S151 EP S151 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901084 ER PT J AU Ayala, A Prez, CL Rigau, JG Clark, GG Barrera, R Branch, D AF Ayala, A. Prez, C. L. Rigau, J. G. Clark, G. G. Barrera, R. Branch, Dengue TI Implementation of a community participation project for dengue prevention in Puerto Rico. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S191 EP S191 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901243 ER PT J AU Ayala, C Nwaise, I Casper, M Croft, J AF Ayala, C. Nwaise, I. Casper, M. Croft, J. TI Trends of medicare hypertension-related hospitalization rates, 1995-2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S10 EP S10 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900038 ER PT J AU Balluz, L Okoro, C Strine, T AF Balluz, L. Okoro, C. Strine, T. TI Access to health-care and preventive services among Hispanics and non-Hispanics-United States, 2001-2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S145 EP S145 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901057 ER PT J AU Bernier, R AF Bernier, R. TI Engaging the public in translating data into policy - A pilot study on pandemic influenza vaccine priorities. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S163 EP S163 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901129 ER PT J AU Besser, LM Alverson, CJ Correa, A AF Besser, L. M. Alverson, C. J. Correa, A. TI Hypertension medications and cardiovascular malformations. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S56 EP S56 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900222 ER PT J AU Brackbill, R DiGrande, L AF Brackbill, R. DiGrande, L. CA WTCHR team TI Adverse health impacts and injuries in survivors of collapsed and damaged buildings on 9/11 - World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S242 EP S242 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901444 ER PT J AU Brett, KM AF Brett, K. M. TI Complementary and alternative medicine use among mid-life women. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S153 EP S153 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901090 ER PT J AU Briss, PA AF Briss, P. A. TI Lessons we're learning-the guide to community preventive services: Systematic reviews and evidence-based recommendations. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S162 EP S162 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901128 ER PT J AU Carreon, T Ruder, AM Waters, MA Butler, MA Yeager, M Welch, R Chanock, S Schulte, PA AF Carreon, T. Ruder, A. M. Waters, M. A. Butler, M. A. Yeager, M. Welch, R. Chanock, S. Schulte, P. A. TI Lead exposure and glioma among rural residents: The upper midwest health study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NCI, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Carreon, Tania/A-6548-2008; Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S251 EP S251 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901481 ER PT J AU Charles, L Burchfiel, CM Fekedulegn, D Hartley, T Slaven, J Violanti, J AF Charles, L. Burchfiel, C. M. Fekedulegn, D. Hartley, T. Slaven, J. Violanti, J. TI Relationship between shift work and sleep problems among police officers: The buffalo police health study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S213 EP S213 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901331 ER PT J AU Coughlin, S Leadbetter, S Richards, T Sabatino, S AF Coughlin, S. Leadbetter, S. Richards, T. Sabatino, S. TI Contextual analysis of cervical cancer screening and factors associated with health care access among United States women, 2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S47 EP S47 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900187 ER PT J AU Courval, JM Katz, D Becerra, J Iademarco, MF Navin, TR AF Courval, J. M. Katz, D. Becerra, J. Iademarco, M. F. Navin, T. R. TI Wade Hampton Frost updated: Age-period-cohort analysis of TB incidence rates in the United States. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S226 EP S226 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901381 ER PT J AU Dai, S Eissa, MA Harrist, RB Labarthe, DR AF Dai, S. Eissa, M. A. Harrist, R. B. Labarthe, D. R. TI Difference in associations of bmi and its fat-free and fat components with blood lipids and blood pressure in children and adolescents: Project heartbeat! SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S10 EP S10 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900040 ER PT J AU Eheman, C Ryerson, AB Willey, P Blackman, D Michaud, F Royalty, J Leadbetter, S Pollack, L AF Eheman, C. Ryerson, A. B. Willey, P. Blackman, D. Michaud, F. Royalty, J. Leadbetter, S. Pollack, L. TI Evaluation of data quality: Methods for medical chart review. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S187 EP S187 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901226 ER PT J AU Farr, SL Schieve, LA Jamieson, DJ AF Farr, S. L. Schieve, L. A. Jamieson, D. J. TI Fetal loss among pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive technology. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S75 EP S75 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900298 ER PT J AU German, RR Thompson, TD Stewart, SL Wingo, PA Ledford, K AF German, R. R. Thompson, T. D. Stewart, S. L. Wingo, P. A. Ledford, K. TI Distribution of male genital system cancers (MGSC), United States - 1998-2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Program Canc Registries, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S92 EP S92 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900368 ER PT J AU Gilboa, SM Alverson, CJ Correa, A AF Gilboa, S. M. Alverson, C. J. Correa, A. TI Maternal diabetes and adverse birth outcomes. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S51 EP S51 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900204 ER PT J AU Gilboa, SM Alverson, CJ Correa, A AF Gilboa, S. M. Alverson, C. J. Correa, A. TI Adverse birth outcomes associated with maternal obesity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S51 EP S51 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900203 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Gerstle, J Ling, Q McDavid, K AF Hall, H. I. Gerstle, J. Ling, Q. McDavid, K. TI HIV diagnosis rates and disease progression in economically deprived areas of the US SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S196 EP S196 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901260 ER PT J AU Hall, IJ Lee, J Ross, L AF Hall, I. J. Lee, J. Ross, L. TI Racial disparities in colorectal screening test use. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S72 EP S72 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900288 ER PT J AU Hariri, S Yoon, PW Moonesinghe, R Valdez, R Khoury, MJ AF Hariri, S. Yoon, P. W. Moonesinghe, R. Valdez, R. Khoury, M. J. TI Evaluation of family history as a screening tool for detecting undiagnosed diabetes. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S76 EP S76 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900305 ER PT J AU Hinckley, AF Paisley, JE O'Leary, DR Kramer, WC Lanciotti, RS Campbell, GL Hayes, EB AF Hinckley, A. F. Paisley, J. E. O'Leary, D. R. Kramer, W. C. Lanciotti, R. S. Campbell, G. L. Hayes, E. B. TI West Nile Virus infection among pregnant women in a Northern Colorado community, 2003-2004. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S55 EP S55 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900219 ER PT J AU Honein, MA Chen, H Yang, Q Correa, A Devine, O AF Honein, M. A. Chen, H. Yang, Q. Correa, A. Devine, O. TI Racial disparities in infant mortality due to birth defects. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S54 EP S54 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900215 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Cheng, YJ AF Kahn, H. S. Cheng, Y. J. TI Distinguishing between lipid overaccumulation and benign overweight among us adolescents. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S16 EP S16 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900063 ER PT J AU Katz, D Courval, JM Becerra, J Iademarco, MF Navin, TR AF Katz, D. Courval, J. M. Becerra, J. Iademarco, M. F. Navin, T. R. TI 100 years of TB mortality in the United States: Separating the effects of age, calendar year, and birth cohort. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S155 EP S155 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901100 ER PT J AU Koo, D AF Koo, D. TI Strategic workforce development for applied epidemiology. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S87 EP S87 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900349 ER PT J AU Kuklina, E Whiteman, M Hillis, S Jamieson, D Meikle, S Posner, S Marchbanks, P AF Kuklina, E. Whiteman, M. Hillis, S. Jamieson, D. Meikle, S. Posner, S. Marchbanks, P. TI Coding of obstetric deliveries in hospital discharge data: Implications for epidemiologic research. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S51 EP S51 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900205 ER PT J AU Lawson, CC Whelan, EA Hibert, EN Grajewski, B Spiegelman, D Rich-Edwards, JW AF Lawson, C. C. Whelan, E. A. Hibert, E. N. Grajewski, B. Spiegelman, D. Rich-Edwards, J. W. TI Occupational factors and risk of preterm delivery in participants of the Nurses' Health Study II. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S59 EP S59 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900237 ER PT J AU Leadbetter, S Ryerson, AB Eheman, C Blackman, D Royalty, J Lamias, M AF Leadbetter, S. Ryerson, A. B. Eheman, C. Blackman, D. Royalty, J. Lamias, M. TI Sampling strategies for surveillance systems: Program evaluation involving rare outcomes. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Lamias, Mark/A-6610-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S188 EP S188 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901228 ER PT J AU Lee, KC Dellinger, A Greenspan, A Haileyesus, T Shults, R AF Lee, K. C. Dellinger, A. Greenspan, A. Haileyesus, T. Shults, R. TI Restraint use for child passengers decreases risk of hospitalization and multiple injuries. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S206 EP S206 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901302 ER PT J AU Lipskiy, N AF Lipskiy, N. TI Epidemiology of suicide deaths: A population study, 13 US states, 2004. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S232 EP S232 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901403 ER PT J AU Lorick, S Wortley, P Lindley, M Bardenheier, B Euler, G AF Lorick, S. Wortley, P. Lindley, M. Bardenheier, B. Euler, G. TI Correlates of not receiving influenza vaccination among healthcare personnel - United States, 2004-2005. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S133 EP S133 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901010 ER PT J AU Lu, C Siffel, C Correa, A AF Lu, C. Siffel, C. Correa, A. TI Long-term survival of infants with congenital hydrocephalus. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900232 ER PT J AU MacDonald, L Cohen, A Baron, S Burchfiel, C AF MacDonald, L. Cohen, A. Baron, S. Burchfiel, C. TI Current practices in the collection and use of occupational measures in population-based cardiovascular studies in the United States. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S214 EP S214 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901332 ER PT J AU Nelson, ZC AF Nelson, Z. C. TI Prevalence and predictors of breast and cervical cancer screening in women aged 65 years and over: Results from the 2003 National Health Interview Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S152 EP S152 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901086 ER PT J AU Okoro, C Strine, T McGuire, L Balluz, L Mokdad, A AF Okoro, C. Strine, T. McGuire, L. Balluz, L. Mokdad, A. TI Association between employment status and frequent mental distress among adults with disabilities. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S214 EP S214 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901335 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Cooper, GC Pandey, JP AF Parks, C. G. Cooper, G. C. Pandey, J. P. TI Occupational and environmental exposures in relation to immune responsiveness to Epstein-Barr virus in a population-based sample. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S212 EP S212 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901326 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Richards, MK Hoppin, JA AF Parks, C. G. Richards, M. K. Hoppin, J. A. TI Blood cadmium in relation to white blood cell counts in a national sample of the US population. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S118 EP S118 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900470 ER PT J AU Pratt, LA Weeks, JD AF Pratt, L. A. Weeks, J. D. TI Cognitive impairment, a risk factor for mortality independent of illness, disability and age, in a national sample of older adults: The Second Longitudinal Study of Aging. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S240 EP S240 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901437 ER PT J AU Prince, M Ruder, A Hein, M Waters, M Whelan, E Nilsen, N Ward, E Schnorr, T Laber, P Davis-King, K AF Prince, M. Ruder, A. Hein, M. Waters, M. Whelan, E. Nilsen, N. Ward, E. Schnorr, T. Laber, P. Davis-King, K. TI Mortality in polychlorinated biphenyl exposed electrical capacitor manufacturing workers. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S158 EP S158 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901110 ER PT J AU Riggs, M Rao, C Sickle, DV Cummings, K Brown, C Dunn, K Ferdinands, J Callahan, D Pinkerton, L Deddens, J Moolenaar, R Thorne, P Muilenberg, M Chew, G AF Riggs, M. Rao, C. Sickle, D. V. Cummings, K. Brown, C. Dunn, K. Ferdinands, J. Callahan, D. Pinkerton, L. Deddens, J. Moolenaar, R. Thorne, P. Muilenberg, M. Chew, G. TI This mold house: Exposure assessment of flood-damaged homes in New Orleans. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RI Dunn, Kevin/I-2195-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S30 EP S30 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900118 ER PT J AU Robinson, CF Schnorr, TM Cassinelli, RT Calvert, GM Steenland, K Gersic, C AF Robinson, C. F. Schnorr, T. M. Cassinelli, R. T., II Calvert, G. M. Steenland, K. Gersic, C. TI Tenth revision mortality rates and NIOSH Life Table Analysis. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S211 EP S211 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901322 ER PT J AU Ryerson, AB Eheman, C Burton, J McCall, N Blackman, D Subramanian, S Richardson, LC AF Ryerson, A. B. Eheman, C. Burton, J. McCall, N. Blackman, D. Subramanian, S. Richardson, L. C. TI Symptoms and diagnoses reported in women with ovarian cancer: Seer-medicare 1995-1999. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S114 EP S114 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900455 ER PT J AU Ryskulova, A Klein, R AF Ryskulova, A. Klein, R. TI Visual impairment and use of eye care services among children. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S13 EP S13 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900051 ER PT J AU Santoli, JM AF Santoli, J. M. TI A tale of two seasons: Lessons learned about influenza vaccine supply and distribution. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S166 EP S166 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901144 ER PT J AU Saydah, S AF Saydah, S. TI Challenges in the translation of evidence-based public health. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S162 EP S162 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901126 ER PT J AU Schieb, L Ayala, C Shoob, H Nwaise, I Croft, JB LaBarthe, D AF Schieb, L. Ayala, C. Shoob, H. Nwaise, I. Croft, J. B. LaBarthe, D. TI Disparities in hypertension prevalence, treatment and control among adults despite insurance coverage: NHANES, United States, 1999-2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900033 ER PT J AU Schoenfisch, A Dollard, S Gardner, L Klein, R Mayer, K Rompalo, A Sobel, J Cannon, M AF Schoenfisch, A. Dollard, S. Gardner, L. Klein, R. Mayer, K. Rompalo, A. Sobel, J. Cannon, M. TI Determinants of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA presence and the host immune response. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S197 EP S197 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901264 ER PT J AU Sharma, A Cogswell, M AF Sharma, A. Cogswell, M. TI Pregnancy weight gain is associated with childhood overweight and underweight. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S236 EP S236 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901420 ER PT J AU Shefer, A Lindley, MC Horlick, G Clemens, M Shaw, F Strikas, R AF Shefer, A. Lindley, M. C. Horlick, G. Clemens, M. Shaw, F. Strikas, R. TI Assessing state immunization requirements for healthcare workers and patients. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S134 EP S134 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901016 ER PT J AU Simoes, EJ Mokdad, A Land, G Metzger, R AF Simoes, E. J. Mokdad, A. Land, G. Metzger, R. TI Priority MICA: An application to prioritize public health resources. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S131 EP S131 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901004 ER PT J AU Tao, M Eberhardt, MS Saydah, S Paulose-Ram, R AF Tao, M. Eberhardt, M. S. Saydah, S. Paulose-Ram, R. TI Independent associations of age, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and peripheral neuropathy (PN) with lower extremity function. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S177 EP S177 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901187 ER PT J AU Tierney, EF Cadwell, BL Thompson, TJ Boyle, JP Paxon, SL Mourn, K Engelgau, MM AF Tierney, E. F. Cadwell, B. L. Thompson, T. J. Boyle, J. P. Paxon, S. L. Mourn, K. Engelgau, M. M. TI Reductions in excess mortality among decedents with diabetes in North Dakota by selected cause of death. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S183 EP S183 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901212 ER PT J AU Wagner, RM Spengler, RF Rashid, J Skillen, E Melanson, C AF Wagner, R. M. Spengler, R. F. Rashid, J. Skillen, E. Melanson, C. TI Creating a public health research guide: A call for more intervention, translation and dissemination research to improve the public's health. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S254 EP S254 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901494 ER PT J AU Warner, L Ghanem, K Newman, D Macaluso, M Sullivan, P Erbelding, E AF Warner, L. Ghanem, K. Newman, D. Macaluso, M. Sullivan, P. Erbelding, E. TI Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection among heterosexual men attending Baltimore STD clinics: An evaluation of clinic-based data. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S179 EP S179 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901195 ER PT J AU Werny, D Saraiya, M Gregg, EW AF Werny, D. Saraiya, M. Gregg, E. W. TI Prostate specific antigen levels in diabetic and non-diabetic men from the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S111 EP S111 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900445 ER PT J AU Werny, D Saraiya, M Thompson, T Freedman, D Wener, M AF Werny, D. Saraiya, M. Thompson, T. Freedman, D. Wener, M. TI Relationship of body mass index and other anthropometric measures and prostate specific antigen, NHANES 2001-2004. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S112 EP S112 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900446 ER PT J AU Whiteman, M Kuklina, E Hillis, S Jamieson, D Meikle, S Marchbanks, P Posner, S AF Whiteman, M. Kuklina, E. Hillis, S. Jamieson, D. Meikle, S. Marchbanks, P. Posner, S. TI Peripartum hysterectomy in the United States - 1998-2003. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900206 ER PT J AU Wong, D Swint, E Paisano, E Peterman, T AF Wong, D. Swint, E. Paisano, E. Peterman, T. TI Regional STD rates and trends among American Indians and Alaska natives - 1998-2004. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S141 EP S141 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901042 ER PT J AU Yazdy, MM Honein, MA Xing, J AF Yazdy, M. M. Honein, M. A. Xing, J. TI Impact of folic acid fortification on orofacial clefts. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900208 ER PT J AU Zapata, LB Hillis, S Marchbanks, P Curtis, K Lowry, R AF Zapata, L. B. Hillis, S. Marchbanks, P. Curtis, K. Lowry, R. TI Methamphetamine use is independently associated with risky sexual behaviors and adolescent pregnancy. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S54 EP S54 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900217 ER PT J AU Zhou, F Shefer, A McCauley, M AF Zhou, F. Shefer, A. McCauley, M. TI Hepatitis a vaccination and its impact on health care utilization for privately insured persons. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S204 EP S204 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901292 ER PT J AU Zhou, F Kyaw, M Shefer, A Martin, S Winston, C Nuorti, P AF Zhou, F. Kyaw, M. Shefer, A. Martin, S. Winston, C. Nuorti, P. TI Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumonia in young children, 1997-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S156 EP S156 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901101 ER PT J AU Plotinsky, RN AF Plotinsky, Rachel N. TI Handwashing in a Texas evacuation center after Hurricane Katrina, 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Antonio Epidemiol & Surveillance Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Plotinsky, RN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Antonio Epidemiol & Surveillance Team, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-92, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 327 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.01.007 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 062TN UT WOS:000238967600015 PM 16765215 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC AF Tenover, Fred C. TI Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; CELL-WALL; RISK-FACTORS AB The treatment of bacterial infections is increasingly complicated by the ability of bacteria to develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents are often categorized according to their principal mechanism of action. Mechanisms include interference with cell wall synthesis (eg, beta-lactams and glycopeptide agents), inhibition of protein synthesis (macrolides and tetracyclines), interference with nucleic acid synthesis (fluoroquinolones and rifampin), inhibition of a metabolic pathway (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and disruption of bacterial membrane structure (polymyxins and daptomycin). Bacteria may be intrinsically resistant to I class of antimicrobial agents, or may acquire resistance by de novo mutation or via the acquisition of resistance genes from other organisms. Acquired resistance genes may enable a bacterium to produce enzymes that destroy the antibacterial drug, to express efflux systems that prevent the drug from reaching its intracellular target, to modify the drug's target site, or to produce an alternative metabolic pathway that bypasses the action of the drug. Acquisition of new genetic material by antimicrobial-susceptible bacteria from resistant strains of bacteria may occur through conjugation, transformation, or transduction, with transposons often facilitating the incorporation of the multiple resistance genes into the host's genome or plasmids. Use of antibacterial agents creates selective pressure for the emergence of resistant strains. Herein 3 case histories-one involving Escherichia coli resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, another focusing on the emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and a third detailing multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-are reviewed to illustrate the varied ways in which resistant bacteria develop. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fnt1@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 91 Z9 100 U1 11 U2 142 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 SU 1 BP S3 EP S10 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.05.219 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 063JM UT WOS:000239014500002 PM 16813980 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC AF Tenover, Fred C. TI Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Antimicrobial Resistance Prevention Initiative CY JUN 10, 2005 CL Washington, DC DE antimicrobial mechanisms of action; bacterial infections; microbial mechanisms of resistance; resistance genes ID SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; CELL-WALL; RISK-FACTORS AB The treatment of bacterial infections is increasingly complicated by the ability of bacteria to develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents are often categorized according to their principal mechanism of action. Mechanisms include interference with cell wall synthesis (e.g., beta-lactams and glycopeptide agents), inhibition of protein synthesis (macrolides and tetracyclines), interference with nucleic acid synthesis (fluoroquinolones and rifampin), inhibition of a metabolic pathway (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and disruption of bacterial membrane structure (polymyxins and daptomycin). Bacteria may be intrinsically resistant to >= 1 class of antimicrobial agents, or may acquire resistance by de novo mutation or via. the acquisition of resistance genes from other organisms. Acquired resistance genes may enable a bacterium to produce enzymes that destroy the antibacterial drug, to express efflux systems that prevent the drug from reaching its intracellular target, to modify the drug's target site, or to produce an alternative metabolic pathway, that bypasses the action of the drug. Acquisition of new genetic material by antimicrobial-susceptible bacteria from resistant strains of bacteria may occur through conjugation, transformation, or transduction, with transposons often facilitating the incorporation of the multiple resistance genes into the host's genome or plasmids. Use of antibacterial agents creates selective pressure for the emergence of resistant strains. Herein 3 case histories-one involving Escherichia coli resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, another focusing on the emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and a third detailing multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-are reviewed to illustrate the varied ways in which resistant bacteria develop. (c) 2006 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fnt1@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 319 Z9 346 U1 36 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9343 EI 1555-7162 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 119 IS 6 SU 6A BP S3 EP S10 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.03.011 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 050ZI UT WOS:000238129400002 PM 16735149 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Kourtis, AP Bell, M Rasmussen, SA AF Jamieson, DJ Kourtis, AP Bell, M Rasmussen, SA TI Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: An emerging obstetric pathogen? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ID FETAL TERATOGEN; INNER-CITY; INFECTION; CHORIORETINITIS; TOXOPLASMOSIS; HYDROCEPHALUS; POPULATION; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE; FRANCE AB A report in May 2005 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describing a cluster of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infections among 4 solid organ recipients has increased awareness of and clinical interest in this pathogen. Human infection with LCMV results from direct or indirect contact with rodents. LCMV has particular relevance to obstetrics, as it is likely an under-recognized abortifacient and fetal teratogen. There have been 54 cases of congenital LCMV reported since 1955, with 34 of the cases diagnosed since 1993. Chorioretinitis and hydrocephalus are the predominant characteristics among children diagnosed with congenital LCMV infection. Obstetricians should educate their pregnant patients about the risks of exposure to laboratory, pet, and wild rodents. (c) 2006 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 194 IS 6 BP 1532 EP 1536 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.11.040 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 049YY UT WOS:000238055100005 PM 16731068 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Ellis, JE Jernigan, DB Treadwell, TA AF Jamieson, DJ Ellis, JE Jernigan, DB Treadwell, TA TI Emerging infectious disease outbreaks: Old lessons and new challenges for obstetrician-gynecologists SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE emerging infectious diseases; severe acute respiratory syndrome; West Nile virus; anthrax ID ACUTE-RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; SYNDROME SARS; HONG-KONG; CLINICAL PRESENTATION; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; UNITED-STATES; PREGNANCY; CORONAVIRUS AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to summarize 3 recent high-profile infectious disease threats that have affected the United States: severe acute respiratory syndrome, West Nile virus, and anthrax. Study design: A systematic review was conducted with the use of Medline searches, searches of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, and review by experts at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: The 3 emerging infectious diseases pose very different threats: Severe acute respiratory syndrome is a newly identified pathogen that caused an international pandemic; the West Nile virus investigation involved an old pathogen that was identified in a new location; and the anthrax attacks involved the intentional introduction of a pathogen. Conclusion: All 3 outbreaks highlight the importance of obstetrician-gynecologists keeping current with new information as it emerges. In this global environment, it is likely that novel disease threats will continue to emerge in the United States. (c) 2006 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop K34,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM djamieson@cdc.gov NR 90 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 194 IS 6 BP 1546 EP 1555 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.06.062 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 049YY UT WOS:000238055100007 PM 16731070 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Battelli, L Hubbs, AF AF Ma, Q Battelli, L Hubbs, AF TI Multiorgan autoimmune inflammation, enhanced lymphoproliferation, and impaired homeostasis of reactive oxygen species in mice lacking the antioxidant-activated transcription factor Nrf2 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; FACTOR-DEFICIENT MICE; GENE-EXPRESSION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROTEIN; FAMILY; NF-E2; RECEPTOR; CELLS; SENSITIVITY AB Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an antioxidant-activated cap "n" collar basic leucine zipper transcription factor. To assess the function of Nrf2 in the antioxidant response, we examined mice with targeted disruption of the Nrf2 gene. Nrf2-null mice developed complex disease manifestations, with a majority exhibiting a lupus-like autoimmune syndrome characterized by multiorgan inflammatory lesions with a marked female predominance, appearance of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies in young adulthood, intravascular deposition of inummoglobulin complexes in blood vessels, and premature death due to rapidly progressing membranoproliferative glomerular nephritis. Mechanistic analyses revealed that the null mice showed enhanced proliferative response of CD4(+) T cells, altered ratios of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells, and increased oxidative lesions in tissues. Analyses of antioxidant-induced gene expression showed that the knockout mice were devoid of the basal and inducible expression of certain phase 2 detoxification enzymes and antioxidant genes in hepatic and lymphoid cells in vivo. Our findings suggest that Nrf2 mediates important antioxidant functions involved in the control of peripheral lymphocyte homeostasis and autoimmune surveillance. C1 NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, Expt Pathol Lab, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop 3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM qam1@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 114 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 168 IS 6 BP 1960 EP 1974 DI 10.2353/ajpath.2006.051113 PG 15 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 048YY UT WOS:000237983700018 PM 16723711 ER PT J AU O'Hegarty, M Pederson, LL Nelson, DE Mowery, P Gable, JM Wortley, P AF O'Hegarty, M Pederson, LL Nelson, DE Mowery, P Gable, JM Wortley, P TI Reactions of young adult smokers to warning labels on cigarette packages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO HEALTH WARNINGS; IMPACT AB Background: In 1984, the United States Congress enacted legislation requiring four new warning labels for cigarettes; warning labels in the United States have not changed since then. Other countries, such as Canada, have taken a more active and aggressive approach. The purpose of this study was to examine how U.S. smokers and former smokers might respond to stronger and more graphic warnings for U.S. cigarettes packages. Methods: Data were collected in 2003 and analyzed in 2004. The perceived impact and effectiveness of the more-explicit Canadian labels was examined among young adult smokers (n=572) and former smokers (n=191) between the ages of 18 and 24 years in the United States, using a web-based survey that allowed participants to view both the text-only and the text-plus-graphic warning labels. Results: Both current and former smokers thought that cigarette warning labels with text plus graphics were substantially more of a deterrent than text-only labels. The perceived effectiveness of these labels was not only higher overall, but also for the specific areas of smoking-related health effects, prevention, cessation, and maintenance of abstinence. Few differences were noted by gender. Conclusions: The findings from this study support previous research that has found that text-plus-graphic warning labels are more salient and potentially more effective than text-only labels. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RTI Int, Atlanta Reg Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Hegarty, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MOHegarty@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 BP 467 EP 473 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.01.018 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 047FT UT WOS:000237865900003 PM 16704939 ER PT J AU Kim, SY Billah, K Lieu, TA Weinstein, MC AF Kim, SY Billah, K Lieu, TA Weinstein, MC TI Cost effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination at HIV counseling and testing sites SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS-INFECTION; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; IMMUNIZATION; LAMIVUDINE; ANTIGEN; INTERFERON-ALPHA-2B; ADOLESCENTS AB Background: Despite recent significant achievements in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, immunizing high-risk groups against the disease remains a public health challenge in the United States. The aims of this article are to evaluate the projected cost effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination of adults attending two major types of publicly funded HIV counseling and testing sites (CTSs)-freestanding HIV CTSs and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, and to compare the cost-effectiveness of alternative vaccination and testing strategies in different subgroups in this population. Methods: A decision model was developed to determine the economic and clinical consequences, from a societal perspective, of the following strategies in two hypothetical cohorts of 100,000 adults attending each type of site: (1) routine vaccination without screening, (2) screening for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen with an initial vaccine dose during the first visit, (3) screening and vaccination based on screening results, and (4) no intervention. Life expectancy, expected quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and medical care costs were estimated for each strategy and at each site. Results: Routine vaccination was both more effective and more cost-effective than either screening strategy; under base-case assumptions, routine vaccination would cost $4400 both per QALY and per life year saved. Results for STD clinics were very similar in magnitude to those for freestanding CTSs. Results were most sensitive to clients' time and travel costs for return visits and the time-discount rate. Conclusions: Routine provision of hepatitis B vaccine at major HIV CTSs would be a highly effective and cost-effective approach to preventing hepatitis B among high-risk adults in the United States. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kim, SY (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 718 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM sykim@fas.harvard.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [K24 HD047667] NR 65 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 BP 498 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.01.017 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 047FT UT WOS:000237865900008 PM 16704944 ER PT J AU Millett, GA Peterson, JL Wolitski, RJ Stall, R AF Millett, Gregorio A. Peterson, John L. Wolitski, Richard J. Stall, Ron TI Greater risk for HIV infection of black men who have sex with men: A critical literature review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; MULTICENTER AIDS COHORT; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE; NEW-YORK-CITY; BISEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES AB HIV rates are disproportionately higher for Black men who have sex with men (MSM) than for other MSM. We reviewed the literature to examine 12 hypotheses that might explain this disparity. We found that high rates of HIV infection for Black MSM were partly attributable to a high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases that facilitate HIV transmission and to undetected or late diagnosis of HIV infection; they were not attributable to a higher frequency of risky sexual behavior, nongay identity, or sexual nondisclosure, or to reported use of alcohol or illicit substances. Evidence was insufficient to evaluate the remaining hypotheses. Future studies must address these hypotheses to provide additional explanations for the greater prevalence of HIV infection among Black MSM. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Millett, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gmillett@cdc.gov RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 NR 148 TC 257 Z9 258 U1 7 U2 26 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1007 EP 1019 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.066720 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 047UY UT WOS:000237905400021 PM 16670223 ER PT J AU Koenig, LJ Whitaker, DJ Royce, RA Wilson, TE Ethier, K Fernandez, MI AF Koenig, LJ Whitaker, DJ Royce, RA Wilson, TE Ethier, K Fernandez, MI TI Physical and sexual violence during pregnancy and after delivery: A prospective multistate study of women with or at risk for HIV infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; SUBSTANCE USE; LONGITUDINAL DATA; POSTPARTUM WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; ABUSE; PREVALENCE; OUTCOMES AB Objectives. We sought to describe and compare prevalence rates of and risk factors for violence against women during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods. Physical and sexual violence and violence risk factors were assessed during late pregnancy and 6 months postpartum in a prospective study of pregnant women with (n = 336) and without (n = 298) HIV in 4 US states. Results. Overall, 10.6% of women reported having experienced violence, 8.9% during pregnancy and 4.9% after delivery. Of these women, 61.7% were abused only during their pregnancy, 21.7% were repeatedly abused, and 16.7% were abused only after their delivery. Sexual violence rarely occurred in the absence of physical violence. The strongest predictor of violence was engaging in bartered sex (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=5.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] =2.0, 15.4). Other predictors included frequent changes in residence (adjusted OR= 1.57; 95% CI= 1.1, 2.2),financial support from family or partners (adjusted OR=0.42;95%CI=0.2, 0.8), and HIV diagnosis during current pregnancy (adjusted OR=0.30;95% CI=0.1, 0.7). Conclusions. Women more commonly experienced violence during than after their pregnancy, but violence was best predicted by socioeconomic and behavioral indicators whose influence did not vary over time. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Nova SE Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Miami, FL USA. RP Koenig, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lek5@cdc.gov RI Royce, Rachel/A-7964-2012 FU PHS HHS [U64CCU112274, U64CCU212267, U64CCU412273, U64CCU412294] NR 66 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1052 EP 1059 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.067744 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 047UY UT WOS:000237905400028 PM 16670222 ER PT J AU Kuniholm, MH Wolfe, ND Huang, CYH Mpoudi-Ngole, E Tamoufe, U Burke, DS Gubler, DJ AF Kuniholm, MH Wolfe, ND Huang, CYH Mpoudi-Ngole, E Tamoufe, U Burke, DS Gubler, DJ TI Seroprevalence and distribution of Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, and Bunyaviridae arboviral infections in rural Cameroonian adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ONYONG-NYONG FEVER; CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS; YELLOW-FEVER; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FEBRILE PATIENTS; EPIDEMIC AB Arboviruses from the families Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, and Bunyaviridae are suspected to cause widespread morbidity in sub-Saharan African populations, but little research been done to document the burden and distribution of these pathogens. We tested serum samples from 256 Cameroonian adults from nine rural villages for the presence of Dengue-2 (DEN-2), West Nile (WN), Yellow fever (YF), Chikungunya (CHIK), O'nyong-nyong (ONN), Sindbis (SIN), and Tahyna (TAH) infection using standard plaque-reduction neutralization tests (PRNT). Of these samples, 12.5% were DEN-2 positive, 6.6% were WN positive, 26.9% were YF positive, 46.5% were CHIK seropositive, 47.7% were ONN positive, 7.8% were SIN positive, and 36.3% were TAH positive. DEN-2, YF, and CHIK seroprevalence rates were lower among individuals living in dwellings with grass or thatched roofs versus corrugated tin and in villages isolated from urban centers. Seroprevalence rates of YF and CHIK increased with age. These results suggest that inter-epidemic arboviral infection is common in central African populations. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. Army Hlth Res Ctr, Yaounde, Cameroon. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, John A Burns Sch Med, Asia Pacific Inst Trop Med & Infect Dis, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Kuniholm, MH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM mkunihol@jhsph.edu OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 FU FIC NIH HHS [K01 TW00003-01]; NIH HHS [DP1-OD00370] NR 47 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1078 EP 1083 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 051ZT UT WOS:000238200900027 PM 16760524 ER PT J AU Satterfield, MB Sniegoski, LT Sharpless, KE Welch, MJ Hornikova, A Zhang, NF Pfeiffer, CM Fazili, Z Zhang, M Nelson, BC AF Satterfield, MB Sniegoski, LT Sharpless, KE Welch, MJ Hornikova, A Zhang, NF Pfeiffer, CM Fazili, Z Zhang, M Nelson, BC TI Development of a new standard reference material: SRM 1955 (homocysteine and folate in human serum) SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE isotope dilution mass spectrometry; standard reference material; homocysteine; folate; 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid; 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid; folic acid ID STABLE-ISOTOPE-DILUTION; PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; 5-METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; INTERNAL STANDARDIZATION; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; RISK-FACTOR; HPLC ASSAY AB Total homocysteine (tHCY) and folate are interrelated biomarkers for arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Although many different methods for both tHCY and folate are clinically available, the intermethod and interlaboratory results are often poor, resulting in the need for a matrix reference material and reference methods. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed isotope dilution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods for determination of tHCY and several folate forms including 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5MT) and folic acid (FA). Additionally, a method for simultaneous measurement of tHCY, 5MT, and FA has been developed and validated. In collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), mass spectrometric methods and methods used in clinical laboratories have been applied to characterize a new Standard Reference Material (SRM), SRM 1955, "Homocysteine and Folate in Human Serum," containing low, medium, and high levels of tHCY and 5MT. Additionally, FA, 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid (5FT), vitamin B-12, and total folate values are provided. Use of the new SRM should improve clinical measurements and will permit traceability to internationally recognized certified reference materials, as described by European Directive 98/79/EC on in vitro diagnostic medical devices. C1 NIST, Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), NIST, Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryant.nelson@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 37 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 385 IS 3 BP 612 EP 622 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0434-1 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 044IM UT WOS:000237665600025 PM 16715281 ER PT J AU Jedrychowski, W Jankowski, J Flak, E Skarupa, A Mroz, E Sochacka-Tatara, E Lisowska-Miszczyk, I Szpanowska-Wohn, A Rauh, V Skolicki, Z Kaim, I Perera, F AF Jedrychowski, W Jankowski, J Flak, E Skarupa, A Mroz, E Sochacka-Tatara, E Lisowska-Miszczyk, I Szpanowska-Wohn, A Rauh, V Skolicki, Z Kaim, I Perera, F TI Effects of prenatal exposure to mercury on cognitive and psychomotor function in one-year-old infants: Epidemiologic cohort study in Poland SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prenatal mercury exposure; biological markers; infant recognition memory ID CORD BLOOD; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; INORGANIC MERCURY; MATERNAL BLOOD; INDOOR AIR; VAPOR; PREDICTORS; ABSORPTION; CLEARANCE AB PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to assess the cognitive and psychomotor status of 1-year-old infants whose mothers were exposed to low, but Varying, amounts of mercury during pregnancy. METHODS: Mercury levels in cord and maternal blood at delivery were used to assess prenatal environmental exposure to mercury. Bayley Scales of Infant Development were used to assess neurobehavioral health outcomes. The cohort consisted of 233 infants who were born at 33 to 42 weeks of gestation between January 2001 and March 2003 to mothers attending ambulatory prenatal clinics in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Enrollment included only nonsmoking women with singleton pregnancies between the ages of 18 and 35 years who were free from chronic diseases. RESULTS: The geometric mean (GM) for maternal blood mercury level for the group of infants with normal neurocognitive performance was lower (GM = 0.52 mu g/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.58) than that observed in the group with delayed performance (GM = 0.75 mu g/L; 95% Cl, 0.59-0.94), and this difference was significant (p = 0.010). The GM of cord blood mercury level in the normal group also was lower (GM = 0.85 mu g/L; 95% Cl, 0.78-0.93) than that observed in the group with delayed performance (GM = 1.05 mu g/L; 95% Cl, 0.87-1.27), and this difference was of borderline significance (p = 0.070). The relative risk (RR) for delayed performance increased more than threefold (RR = 3.58; 95% Cl, 1.40-9-14) if cord blood mercury level was greater than 0.80 mu g/L. Risk for delayed performance in the group of infants with greater maternal mercury levels (> 0.50 mu g/L) also was significantly greater (RR = 2.82; 95% Cl, 1. 17-6.79) compared with children whose mothers had mercury levels less than 0.50 mu g/L. CONCLUSIONS: The results may be of public health importance because delayed psychomotor or mental performance in infants is assumed to be an indicator of later neurocognitive development in children, which may persist into adult life. C1 Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Chair Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neonatol, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hyg & Ecol, Krakow, Poland. Municipal Hosp, Krakow, Poland. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jedrychowski, W (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Chair Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Krakow, Poland. EM myjedryc@cyf-kr-edu.pl FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES010165, 5 R01 ES10165] NR 52 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.06.059 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 049ZS UT WOS:000238057500005 PM 16275013 ER PT J AU Zurovac, D Rowe, AK AF Zurovac, D Rowe, AK TI Quality of treatment for febrile illness among children at outpatient facilities in sub-Saharan Africa SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CHILDHOOD ILLNESS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; HEALTH FACILITIES; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; WORKERS; POLICY; KENYA; PNEUMONIA AB For the prompt and effective management of malaria cases (a key strategy for reducing the enormous burden of the disease), healthworkers must prescribe antimalarial drugs according to evidence-based guidelines. In sub-Saharan Africa, the guidelines for use in outpatient settings generally recommend that febrile illness in children should be suspected to be malaria and be treated with an antimalarial drug. The quality of treatment offered to febrile children at outpatient facilities in this region has now been investigated in a literature review. The results of five methodologically comparable studies were also used to explore the determinants of malaria-treatment practices. The quality of treatment prescribed to febrile children was found to have been generally sub-optimal, with low levels of adherence to national guidelines, the frequent selection of non-recommended antimalarials, and the use of incorrect dosages. Several factors might be to responsible for these shortcomings. Although interventions such as the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy can lead to improvements, a better understanding of the practices of the healthworkers responsible for treating febrile children will be needed before treatment is made much better. The failure to provide treatment of good quality will become an increasingly important problem as antimalarial policies involving drugs with more complex dosing regimens, such as artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT), are implemented. If the malaria burden in Africa is to be greatly reduced, the deployment of ACT must be accompanied by interventions to ensure the correct treatment of children at the point of care. Some interventions, such as IMCI, can improve the treatment of not only malaria but also other potentially life-threatening illnesses. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Wellcome Trust Res Labs, Malaria Publ Hlth & Epidemiol Grp, Ctr Geog Med, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zurovac, D (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Wellcome Trust Res Labs, Malaria Publ Hlth & Epidemiol Grp, Ctr Geog Med, POB 43640,00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. EM dzurovac@wtnairobi.mimcom.net FU Wellcome Trust [058992] NR 49 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 BP 283 EP 296 DI 10.1179/136485906X105633 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 058HQ UT WOS:000238656500001 PM 16762109 ER PT J AU Hodges, LR Rose, LJ Peterson, A Noble-Wang, J Arduino, MJ AF Hodges, LR Rose, LJ Peterson, A Noble-Wang, J Arduino, MJ TI Evaluation of a macrofoam swab protocol for the recovery of Bacillus anthracis spores from a steel surface SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; CONTAMINATION; WASHINGTON; DC AB A protocol to recover Bacillus anthracis spores from a steel surface using macrofoam swabs was evaluated for its accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and limit of detection. Macrofoam swabs recovered 31.7 to 49.1% of spores from 10-cm(2) Steel surfaces with a <= 32.7% coefficient of variation in sampling precision and reproducibility for inocula of >= 38 spores. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hodges, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lwh9@cdc.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 12 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 6 BP 4429 EP 4430 DI 10.1128/AEM.02923-05 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 057UG UT WOS:000238620100079 PM 16751562 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Moore, JE Ukoh, U Gatei, W Lowery, CJ Murphy, TM Dooley, JSG Millar, BC Rooney, PJ Rao, JR AF Xiao, LH Moore, JE Ukoh, U Gatei, W Lowery, CJ Murphy, TM Dooley, JSG Millar, BC Rooney, PJ Rao, JR TI Prevalence and identity of Cryptosporidium spp. in pig slurry SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZOONOTIC AGENTS; PARVUM OOCYSTS; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES; INFECTIVITY; PARASITES AB Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 25 of 56 pig slurry samples from 33 Irish farms by PCR and DNA sequencing. The organisms detected included C. suis, Cryptosporidium pig genotype II, and C. muris. We concluded that Cryptosporidium oocysts can persist in treated slurry and potentially contaminate surface water through improper discharge or uncontrolled runoff. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Belfast City Hosp, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Dept Bacteriol, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Ulster, Sch Biomed Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. Cent Vet Lab, Dept Parasitol, Dept Agr & Food, Dublin, Ireland. Dept Agr & Rural Dev No Ireland, Appl Plant Sci Res Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Dooley, James/0000-0002-9459-5572 NR 23 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 6 BP 4461 EP 4463 DI 10.1128/AEM.00370-06 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 057UG UT WOS:000238620100086 PM 16751569 ER PT J AU Tatti, KM Greer, P White, E Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Ferebee-Harris, T Bartlett, J Ashford, D Hoffmaster, A Gallucci, G Vafai, A Popovic, T Zaki, SR AF Tatti, KM Greer, P White, E Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Ferebee-Harris, T Bartlett, J Ashford, D Hoffmaster, A Gallucci, G Vafai, A Popovic, T Zaki, SR TI Morphologic, immunologic, and molecular methods to detect bacillus anthracis in formalin-fixed tissues SO APPLIED IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; anthrax; histopathology; immunohistochemistry; PCR ID FATAL INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; UNITED-STATES/; BIOTERRORISM; PATHOLOGY; PATHOGENESIS; ANTIBODY; SAMPLES; ASSAY AB Due to the importance of Bacillus anthracis as a cause of naturally occurring infection among humans and as an agent of bioterrorism, there is a vital need for rapid and specific assays, including immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, to detect the bacterium in formalin-fixed tissues. Colorimetric IHC assays were developed using a multistep indirect immunoalkaline phosphatase method with anti-B. anthracis cell wall (EAII-6G6-2-3) and anti-B. anthracis capsule (FDF-1B9) mAbs to detect B. anthracis antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bacterial cultures and tissues. B. anthracis antigens were localized, using both antibodies, in samples from B. anthracis-infected animals and humans. The colorimetric IHC assay with both antibodies was expedient in diagnosing the presence of B. anthracis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from bioterrorism-associated cases of inhalational and cutaneous anthrax and from a case of naturally occurring cutaneous anthrax. Using the same antibodies, confocal microscopy demonstrated the structure of replicating B. anthracis in tissues. B. anthracis-specific primers were successfully used with PCR to amplify and detect B. anthracis sequences derived from formalin-fixed tissues of anthrax cases. In this study, morphologic, immunologic, and molecular assays were used to study and diagnose 22 veterinary and human anthrax cases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch,Epidemiol I, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Biol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zaki, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sxz1@cdc.gov RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887; NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1062-3345 J9 APPL IMMUNOHISTO M M JI Appl. Immunohistochem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 2 BP 234 EP 243 DI 10.1097/01.pai.0000178390.39047.78 PG 10 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology GA 059EL UT WOS:000238716000020 PM 16785797 ER PT J AU Payne, DC Rose, CE Kerrison, J Aranas, A Duderstadt, S McNeil, MM AF Payne, DC Rose, CE Kerrison, J Aranas, A Duderstadt, S McNeil, MM TI Anthrax vaccination and risk of optic neuritis in the United States Military, 1998-2003 SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; IMMUNIZATION AB Background: Numerous case reports have suggested a possible association between optic neuritis and receipt of several different vaccines. The most frequently identified vaccines associated with optic neuritis in the literature are influenza and hepatitis B, and a report describing 2 US military cases suggests an association with the currently used anthrax vaccine ( anthrax vaccine adsorbed). Objective: To test the hypothesis that optic neuritis may be associated with anthrax, smallpox, hepatitis B, and influenza vaccines. Design: We conducted a matched case-control study among US military personnel from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2003, using the Defense Medical Surveillance System. Statistical associations between vaccine exposures and optic neuritis within 6- ,12-, and 18-week study intervals were estimated through multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses. Subjects: A total of 1131 cases of optic neuritis and 3393 controls were matched by sex, military component, and deployment status. Results: No statistically significant associations between optic neuritis and anthrax vaccine were observed for any of the 3 study intervals: 6-week interval (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-1.87), 12-week interval (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.63-0.35), and 18-week interval (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.58-1.14). Furthermore, no difference in optic neuritis risk was detected when comparing those who received no dose, 1 dose, and 2 doses of anthrax vaccine. Similarly, no statistically significant associations were observed between optic neuritis and smallpox, hepatitis B, or influenza vaccines within any of the study intervals. No vaccine to vaccine interactions were statistically significant. Conclusions: The results from this vaccine postmarketing surveillance investigation suggest that there is no association between optic neuritis and receipt of anthrax, smallpox, hepatitis B, or influenza vaccinations in the US military, whether these vaccines are administered alone or in combination. The negative findings presented here are important to the continuing discussions regarding the safety of these vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Wilmer Eye Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Retina Consultants Charleston, Charleston, SC USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Payne, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvp6@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 63 IS 6 BP 871 EP 875 DI 10.1001/archneur.63.6.871 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 051YM UT WOS:000238197600012 PM 16769869 ER PT J AU Orloff, KG Kaplan, B Kowalski, P AF Orloff, KG Kaplan, B Kowalski, P TI Hydrogen cyanide in ambient air near a gold heap leach field: Measured vs. modeled concentrations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air monitoring; ISCST3; AERMOD AB To extract gold from low-grade ores, a solution of sodium cyanide is trickled over pads of crushed ore. During this operation, small quantities of hydrogen cyanide gas may escape to the ambient air. To assess these emissions, we collected air samples at monitoring stations located on opposite sides of a gold heap leach field at distances ranging from 1100 to 1500 ft from the center of the field. Hydrogen cyanide was detected in 6 of 18 ambient air samples at concentrations ranging from 0.26 to 1.86 parts per billion (ppb). Ambient air samples collected at residential properties located within 2600 ft of the leach field did not contain detectable concentrations of cyanide (detection level of 0.2 ppb). We used site-specific data and two steady-state air dispersion models, ISCST3 and AERMOD, to predict ambient air concentrations of cyanide at the sampling points. The ISCST3 model over-predicted the measured 8-h concentrations of hydrogen cyanide by a factor of 2.4, on average, and the AERMOD model under-predicted the air concentrations of hydrogen cyanide by a factor of 0.76, on average. The major sources of uncertainty in the model predictions were the complex terrain of the area and the uncertainty in the emission rates of cyanide from the leach field. The measured and predicted concentrations of cyanide in the air samples were not at levels that would pose a human health hazard for acute or chronic exposures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Orloff, KG (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM KOrloff@CDC.GOV NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 17 BP 3022 EP 3029 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.089 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 047UR UT WOS:000237904700002 ER PT J AU Khan, AJ Gebreselassie, H Asturias, EJ Agboatwalla, M Teklehaimanot, R Luby, SP Bayene, B Chezzi, C Asghar, H Moatter, T Torres, OR Kew, O Winkelstein, J Halsey, NA AF Khan, AJ Gebreselassie, H Asturias, EJ Agboatwalla, M Teklehaimanot, R Luby, SP Bayene, B Chezzi, C Asghar, H Moatter, T Torres, OR Kew, O Winkelstein, J Halsey, NA TI No evidence for prolonged excretion of polioviruses in persons with residual paralytic poliomyelitis in Ethiopia, Pakistan and Guatemala SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Scientific Conference on Polio Vaccine - First 50 Years and Beyond CY 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Int Assoc Biol, WHO, Hlth Canada, Public Hlth Agcy Canada, Ind Canada, Ontario March Dimes, Sanofi Pasteur DE poliovirus excretion; paralytic poliomyelitis; IgG/IgA deficiencies; developing country settings; B-cell immunodeficiency; poliovirus gene sequencing ID VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUSES; POLIO ERADICATION; CERTIFICATION; ISSUES AB Persons who have developed acute flaccid paralysis following infection with wild-type polioviruses or vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis usually excrete polioviruses for only a few weeks. However, some patients with paralytic poliomyelitis have had prolonged excretion of polioviruses for periods of up to 10 years after onset of disease. Most prolonged excretors have been identified in industrialized countries. We studied 348 patients 2-28 years old in Ethiopia, Pakistan and Guatemala with residual paralytic poliomyelitis to determine if they had IgA or IgG deficiency or persistent poliomyelitis excretion at least I year after onset of disease. None of the 348 affected individuals had IgG deficiency or persistent poliovirus excretion. One child had borderline low serum IgA concentration. Since we did not study children under 2 years of age, persons born with IgG deficiency disorders may have died in developing countries where replacement immunoglobulin therapy is not readily available. Nevertheless, persistent poliovirus excretion among persons 2 years of age and older with residual paralytic poliomyelitis is uncommon in developing countries. (c) 2006 The International Association for Biologicals. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Vaccine Safety, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Civil Hosp, Dept Pediat, Karachi, Pakistan. Grarbet Ledekuman Rehabil Ctr, Butajira, Ethiopia. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi, Pakistan. Natl Inst Virol, WHO, Reg Reference Lab Polio Eradicat, Johannesburg, South Africa. Natl Inst Hlth, WHO, Reg Reference Lab Polio Eradicat, Islamabad, Pakistan. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pathol, Karachi, Pakistan. Inst Nutr Cent Amer & Panama, WHO, Natl Reference Lab Polio Eradicat, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Global Reference Lab Polio Eradicat, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Halsey, NA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Vaccine Safety, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Room W5041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM nhalsey@jhsph.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 113 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2006.03.004 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 053KU UT WOS:000238304800008 PM 16682222 ER PT J AU Greenspan, AI Stringer, AY Phillips, VL Hammond, FM Goldstein, FC AF Greenspan, Arlene I. Stringer, Anthony Y. Phillips, V. L. Hammond, Flora M. Goldstein, Felicia C. TI Symptoms of post-traumatic stress: Intrusion and avoidance 6 and 12 months after TBI SO BRAIN INJURY LA English DT Article DE post-traumatic stress symptoms; impact of events scale; amnesia; traumatic brain injury; risk factors; follow-up studies ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; CLOSED-HEAD INJURY; DISORDER SYMPTOMS; MAJOR TRAUMA; EVENT SCALE; PSYCHIATRIC CONSEQUENCES; CONVERGENT VALIDITY; RECOVERY PROJECT; PTSD; PREDICTORS AB Primary objectives: (1) To examine survivors with traumatic brain injury (TBI) for symptoms of avoidance and intrusion, two dimensions of post-traumatic stress (PTS) at 6 and 12 months post-injury. (2) To identify risk factors associated with these symptoms. Research design: Prospective follow-up study. Methods and procedures: Georgia and North Carolina Model Brain Injury Systems participants (n = 198) with mild (19%), moderate (21%) and severe (60%) TBI were interviewed by telephone at 6 and 12 months post-injury. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was used to identify intrusion and avoidance symptoms. Results: Symptoms consistent with severe PTS increased from 11% at 6 months to 16% 12 months post-injury (p < 0.003). African-Americans (p < 0.01) and women (p < 0.05) reported greater symptomatology at 12 months compared to their counterparts. TBI severity and memory of the event were not associated with PTS-like symptoms. Symptoms increased over time when examined by race, injury intent, gender and age (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Regardless of severity, survivors with TBI are at risk for developing symptoms consistent with PTS. Amnesia for the injury event was not protective against developing these symptoms. African-Americans appear to be at greatest risk. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Rehabil Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Charlotte Inst Rehabil, Charlotte, NC USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Greenspan, AI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM agreenspan@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-9052 J9 BRAIN INJURY JI Brain Inj. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 7 BP 733 EP 742 DI 10.1080/02699050600773276 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 062LV UT WOS:000238947200008 PM 16809206 ER PT J AU Sabatino, SA Coates, RJ Uhler, RJ Alley, LG Pollack, LA AF Sabatino, SA Coates, RJ Uhler, RJ Alley, LG Pollack, LA TI Health insurance coverage and cost barriers to needed medical care among US adult cancer survivors age < 65 years SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE health insurance; cancer survivors; delayed care; missing care ID CHILDHOOD-CANCER; INTERVIEW SURVEY; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; EMPLOYMENT; QUALITY; ISSUES; CARCINOMA; ACCESS AB BACKGROUND. The health insurance and cost barriers to care among cancer survivors age < 65 years were examined. METHODS. Using the 1998 and 2000 National Health Interview Survey, survivors ages 18 to 64 years (n = 1718) were compared with similarly aged adults without cancer (n = 50,276) to examine health insurance and reported delayed/missed needed medical care within the previous year because of cost. Findings were initially adjusted for age, sex, race, and ethnicity, and further adjusted for employment, income, health status, marital status, and region. RESULTS. Before adjustment, survivors were less likely to be uninsured (12.4% vs. 18.0%) and more likely to have public insurance (11.2% vs. 6.2%). After initial adjustment, survivors were as likely to lack insurance, less likely to have private insurance, and more likely to have public insurance. After further adjusting, differences in being uninsured were found to be small, differences in having private insurance were eliminated, and differences in having public insurance were reduced. Survivors most likely to lack insurance were younger, female, African-American, or lower income. Survivors, particularly uninsured or publicly insured survivors, were more likely to delay/miss care because of cost. Overall, 20.9% of survivors, including 68% of uninsured survivors, reported delaying/missing needed care. CONCLUSIONS. Health insurance coverage among cancer survivors age < 65 years appears to be comparable to that of adults of similar age, sex, race, and ethnicity, but survivors may more likely be publicly insured. Differences are attributable in part to employment, income, and health status, factors potentially influenced by cancer. Unmet medical care needs because of cost were common among survivors, particularly uninsured survivors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sabatino, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway K-52, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bzo8@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 106 IS 11 BP 2466 EP 2475 DI 10.1002/cncr.21879 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 045TE UT WOS:000237764600021 PM 16639732 ER PT J AU Xu, J Yang, Y Sun, J Ding, Y Su, L Shao, C Jiang, B AF Xu, J Yang, Y Sun, J Ding, Y Su, L Shao, C Jiang, B TI Expression of Toll-like receptors and their association with cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with acute rotavirus diarrhoea SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IFN-gamma; immune response; peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); rotavirus; TLR ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; NF-KAPPA-B; GAMMA-INTERFERON; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DENDRITIC CELLS; RECOGNITION; INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS; ACTIVATION; STRAINS AB To understand virus and host interactions and host responses to rotavirus infection in children, we analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the expression of mRNA for five Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR8) and four T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-4) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children with acute rotavirus diarrhoea. We observed significantly higher expression of genes encoding TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR8 in PBMC of 41% (31/75) patients within 3 days of illness onset than those in healthy children. After 3 days of illness onset, only TLR3 and TLR8 mRNA expressions were still significantly (P < 0.05) increased in 59% (44/75) children with diarrhoea. We also observed significantly (P < 0.05) elevated expression of IL-12p40 and IFN-gamma in PBMC of patients during the entire period of illness and the first 3 days of illness, respectively. We further demonstrated a weak but significant association between elevated levels of gene expression of four TLRs (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR8) and IFN-gamma. Our results suggest that multiple TLRs may modulate the immune response in the acute phase of rotavirus infection and play a role in the activation of IFN-gamma. C1 Fudan Univ, Childrens Hosp, Inst Pediat, Dept Pediat, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Childrens Hosp, Inst Pediat, Dept Pediat, 183 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. EM janexu125@hotmail.com NR 41 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 144 IS 3 BP 376 EP 381 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03079.x PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 044SI UT WOS:000237692300002 PM 16734605 ER PT J AU Baggett, HC Hennessy, TW Bulkow, L Romero-Steiner, S Hurlburt, D Holder, P Parkinson, AJ Singleton, RJ Levine, O Carlone, GM Butler, JC AF Baggett, HC Hennessy, TW Bulkow, L Romero-Steiner, S Hurlburt, D Holder, P Parkinson, AJ Singleton, RJ Levine, O Carlone, GM Butler, JC TI Immunologic response to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine and risk factors for carriage among Hib carriers and noncarriers in southwestern Alaska SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; OROPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; ANTIBODY; CHILDREN; DISEASE; IMMUNOGENICITY; COLONIZATION; IMMUNIZATION; AVIDITY AB Continued Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) carriage in rural Alaska contributes to the ongoing risk of invasive disease. Community-wide Hib carriage surveys were conducted in three villages in southwestern Alaska. Sixteen carriers and 32 age- and village-matched controls were enrolled and were vaccinated with Hib oligosaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccine. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, antibody avidity, and serum bactericidal activity (SBA) were measured prior to Hib vaccination and 2 and 12 months after vaccination. We identified no demographic or behavioral factors associated with Hib colonization. Prior to vaccination, Hib carriers had a higher IgG geometric mean concentration than controls did (8.2 versus 1.6 mu g/ml; P < 0.001) and a higher SBA geometric mean titer (7,132 versus 1,235; P = 0.006). Both groups responded to vaccination with increased IgG and SBA. These data illustrate the role of Hib colonization as an immunizing event and show that Hib carriers in communities with ongoing transmission have no evidence of reduced immune responsiveness that may have put them at risk for colonization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baggett, HC (reprint author), CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, MS E03,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hbaggett@cdc.gov OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-AI45249] NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 6 BP 620 EP 626 DI 10.1128/CVI.00077-06 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 053WX UT WOS:000238337900003 PM 16760318 ER PT J AU Chen, H Mccoy, L Schleicher, RL AF Chen, H. McCoy, L. Schleicher, R. L. TI Analysis of 25 hydroxyvitamin D-3 (25OHD(3)) and 25 hydroxyvitamin D-2 (25OHD(2)) in human serum using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 23-27, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 6 SU S MA E50 BP A180 EP A180 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 048CT UT WOS:000237925900564 ER PT J AU Meyers, T Vesper, H Ingham, L Smith, A Ospina, M Myers, G AF Meyers, T. Vesper, H. Ingham, L. Smith, A. Ospina, M. Myers, G. TI Comparison of total hemoglobin measurement procedures using fresh and frozen whole blood and erythrocytes SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 23-27, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Ospina, Maria/C-5111-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 6 SU S MA A85 BP A28 EP A28 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 048CT UT WOS:000237925900086 ER PT J AU Yoder, JS Cesario, S Plotkin, V Ma, XF Kelly-Shannon, K Dworkin, MS AF Yoder, JS Cesario, S Plotkin, V Ma, XF Kelly-Shannon, K Dworkin, MS TI Outbreak of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection with an unusually long duration of illness SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; UNITED-STATES; DIARRHEA; TRAVELERS; ADULTS AB Background. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an emerging cause of foodborne outbreaks of infection in the United States, yet its epidemiology is not completely understood. Methods. In September 2004, we investigated an outbreak of infection due to ETEC at an Illinois corporation following a meal served to similar to 700 employees. Clinical samples were negative for enteric pathogens and were tested for ETEC using stool culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). An environmental investigation was conducted to determine whether food-service practices or conditions led to this outbreak. A case of illness caused by ETEC was defined as onset of diarrhea and similar to 1 of the following symptoms during 23 - 30 September 2004: cramps, vomiting, nausea, headache, or weight loss. Results. The 111 ill employees interviewed had only 1 meal in common. Cucumber salad and noodle salad from that meal were associated with illness; no food was available for testing. A PCR test for ETEC in stool was positive in samples from 6 of 11 patients; 3 ETEC serotypes were detected. The environmental investigation revealed no critical violations. The median duration of diarrhea (7 days) was longer than that observed for the majority of outbreaks of ETEC infection (4 days) and was associated with consumption of carbonated beverages (odds ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.0 - 10.3). Conclusions. Emerging features of ETEC identified in this outbreak include the organism's role in domestic outbreaks and its ability to cause prolonged diarrheal illness. Additionally, integrating the results of nonculture-based diagnostic techniques into foodborne outbreak surveillance presents challenges under the current guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. C1 Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Labs, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Lake County Hlth Dept, Waukegan, IL USA. RP Yoder, JS (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, 160 N Lasalle St,7th Fl S, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. EM jyoder@idph.state.il.us NR 17 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1513 EP 1517 DI 10.1086/503842 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 038SV UT WOS:000237247500004 PM 16652306 ER PT J AU Mintz, ED AF Mintz, ED TI Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: Outbreak surveillance and molecular testing SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diarrheal Dis Epidemiol Sect, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mintz, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diarrheal Dis Epidemiol Sect, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mailstop A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eric.mintz@cdc.hhs.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1518 EP 1520 DI 10.1086/503847 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 038SV UT WOS:000237247500005 PM 16652307 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Nicholson, WL Bhatnagar, J Goldsmith, CS Greer, PW Hayes, EB Risko, JA Henderson, C Blackmore, CG Lanciotti, RS Campbell, GL Zaki, SR AF Paddock, CD Nicholson, WL Bhatnagar, J Goldsmith, CS Greer, PW Hayes, EB Risko, JA Henderson, C Blackmore, CG Lanciotti, RS Campbell, GL Zaki, SR TI Fatal hemorrhagic fever caused by West Nile virus in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSCRIPTION-PCR ASSAY; NEW-YORK-CITY; DENGUE VIRUS; NATURAL HISTORY; RAPID DETECTION; INFECTION; FLAVIVIRUSES; DIAGNOSIS; OUTBREAK AB Background. Most West Nile virus (WNV) infections in humans are asymptomatic; severe disease occurs in relatively few patients and typically manifests as encephalitis, meningitis, or acute flaccid paralysis. A few cases of life-threatening disease with diffuse hemorrhagic manifestations have been reported in Africa; however, this clinical presentation has not been documented for any of the > 16,700 cases of WNV disease reported in the United States during 1999 - 2004. We describe a case of fulminant WNV infection in a 59-year-old Florida man who died following a brief illness that resembled hemorrhagic disease caused by Rickettsia reckettsii, dengue virus or yellow fever virus. Methods. Traditional and contemporary diagnostic assays, including culture isolation, electron microscopic examination, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification, and immunohistochemical stains, were used to confirm systemic WNV infection in the patient. Results. WNV was isolated in a cell culture from a skin biopsy specimen obtained from the patient shortly prior to death. Electron microscopic examination identified the isolate as a flavivirus, and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplified specific WNV sequences from the isolate and patient tissue. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction identified approximately 1 X 10(7) viral copies/mL in the patient's serum. WNV antigens were detected by immunohistochemical stains in intravascular mononuclear cells and endothelium in skin, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, bone marrow, and central nervous system; no viral antigens were identified in neurons or glial cells of the central nervous system. Conclusions. Although hemorrhagic disease is a rare manifestation of WNV infection, the findings provided by this report may offer new insights regarding the clinical spectrum and pathogenesis of WNV disease in humans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Florida Hosp Waterman, Tavares, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, G-32,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cpaddock@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1527 EP 1535 DI 10.1086/503841 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 038SV UT WOS:000237247500007 PM 16652309 ER PT J AU Wohl, AR Garland, WH Valencia, R Squires, K Witt, MD Kovacs, A Larsen, R Hader, S Anthony, MN Weidle, PJ AF Wohl, AR Garland, WH Valencia, R Squires, K Witt, MD Kovacs, A Larsen, R Hader, S Anthony, MN Weidle, PJ TI A randomized trial of directly administered antiretroviral therapy and adherence case management intervention SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; MINI-MENTAL-STATE; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; VIROLOGICAL FAILURE; PILOT PROJECT; PROGRAM; EFFICACY; POPULATION; MEDICATION; INTENTION AB Background. A randomized, controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of a directly administered antiretroviral therapy program (DAART) and intensive adherence case management (IACM) intervention on virologic and immunologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among patients at 3 public human immunodeficiency virus clinics in Los Angeles County, California. Methods. Participants included 250 treatment-naive and treatment-experienced persons for whom no more than 1 prior HAART regimen had failed. Five days per week for 6 months, a community worker delivered 1 HAART dose to DAART participants and observed the participant take it. IACM participants met weekly with a case manager to overcome barriers to HAART adherence. A control group (the standard of care [SOC] group) received the usual care. Results. The majority of patients were Latino (64%) or African American (24%); 57% were monolingual Spanish speakers. Seventy-five percent of the patients were male, and 64% reported an annual income of <$10,000. In an intent-to-treat analysis, no statistical differences were observed in the percentage of patients with an undetectable viral load (i.e., < 400 copies/mL) at 6 months between the DAART group (54%), IACM group (60%), and SOC group (54%; P > .05). An on-treatment analysis determined that there were no statistical differences in the percentage of patients with an undetectable viral load at 6 months between the DAART group (71%), IACM group (80%), and SOC group (74%; P > .05). Additionally, there were no statistical differences in 6-month changes in the CD4(+) cell count or in self-reported adherence to therapy. Conclusions. Among patients with limited prior HAART experience and adherence barriers that had not been assessed before randomization, no differences were found in virologic or immunologic response for DAART or IACM, compared with SOC, at 6 months. DAART and IACM did not improve short-term outcomes when SOC included other means of adherence support that were not controlled for by the study design. C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, HIV Epidemiol Program, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles Cty Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles Biomed Res Unit, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wohl, AR (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, HIV Epidemiol Program, 600 S Commonwealth Ave,Ste 1920, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. EM awohl@ladhs.org FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU919440] NR 39 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1619 EP 1627 DI 10.1086/503906 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 038SV UT WOS:000237247500019 PM 16652320 ER PT J AU Lucas, GM Mullen, BA Weidle, PJ Hader, S McCaul, ME Moore, RD AF Lucas, GM Mullen, BA Weidle, PJ Hader, S McCaul, ME Moore, RD TI Directly administered antiretroviral therapy in methadone clinics is associated with improved HIV treatment outcomes, compared with outcomes among concurrent comparison groups SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED DRUG-USERS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; MEDICAL-CARE; TUBERCULOSIS; PROGRAM; ADHERENCE; COHORT; AIDS; ERA AB Background. Directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) in methadone clinics has the potential to improve treatment outcomes for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected injection drug users (IDUs). Methods. DAART was provided at 3 urban methadone clinics. Eighty-two participants who were initiating or reinitiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) received supervised doses of therapy at the clinic on the mornings on which they received methadone. Treatment outcomes in the DAART group were compared with outcomes in 3 groups of concurrent comparison patients, who were drawn from the Johns Hopkins HIV Cohort. The concurrent comparison patients were taking HAART on a self-administered basis. The 3 groups of concurrent comparison patients were as follows: patients with a history of IDU who were receiving methadone at the time HAART was used (the IDU-methadone group; 75 patients), patients with a history of IDU who were not receiving methadone at the time that HAART was used (the IDU-nonmethadone group; 244 patients), and patients with no history of IDU (the non-IDU group; 490 patients). Results. At 12 months, 56% of DAART participants achieved an HIV type 1 RNA level < 400 copies/mL, compared with 32% of participants in the IDU-methadone group (P = .009), 33% of those in the IDU-nonmethadone group (P = .001), and 44% of those in the non-IDU group (P = .077). The DAART group experienced a median increase in the CD4 cell count of 74 cells/mm(3), compared with 21 cells/mm(3) in the IDU-methadone group (P = .04), 33 cells/mm(3) in the IDU-nonmethadone group (P = .09), and 84 cells/mm(3) in the non-IDU group (P = .98). After adjustment for other covariates in a logistic regression model, DAART participants were significantly more likely to achieve viral suppression than were patients in each of the 3 comparison groups. Conclusions. These results suggest that methadone clinic-based DAART has the potential to provide substantial clinical benefit for HIV-infected IDUs. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lucas, GM (reprint author), 1830 E Monument St,Rm 421, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM glucas@jhmi.edu RI Lucas, Gregory/B-9225-2009 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA00432, DA015616, DA11602]; PHS HHS [CCU319441] NR 34 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1628 EP 1635 DI 10.1086/503905 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 038SV UT WOS:000237247500020 PM 16652321 ER PT J AU Patel, JB Jevitt, LA Hageman, J McDonald, LC Tenover, FC AF Patel, JB Jevitt, LA Hageman, J McDonald, LC Tenover, FC TI An association between reduced susceptibility to daptomycin and reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; CLINICAL STRAINS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Patel, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jpatel1@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1652 EP 1653 DI 10.1086/504084 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 038SV UT WOS:000237247500024 PM 16652325 ER PT J AU Maas, WR AF Maas, WR TI Access to care - what can the United States learn from other countries? SO COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Oral Health Conference CY MAY 02-04, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA DE accessibility of health services; dental health; public policy AB This paper briefly describes the US system for dental care services; asserts that there is much to be learned by considering the experience of other countries; identifies a few lessons that may be learned from comparisons with England, Australia, and other nations; and encourages the monitoring of outcomes associated with innovations in financing and delivery of services elsewhere. Oral health is affected by more factors than access to dental care. Because so many factors at the individual, environmental, and delivery system levels affect oral health, interpreting the findings from international studies is difficult. Furthermore, the findings of these international studies are confounded by significant intra-country variation in outcomes and expectations. While public funding and the public provision of services (such as programs in schools or community health centers) can be powerful instruments of change, they have their limitations. Examination of all types of public subsidization of dental care may reveal inadvertent distributions that may increase disparities. The discovery of best practices and lessons learned in the financing and organization of dental care may begin by comparing US experiences with those of other countries. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Maas, WR (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, CDC MailStop F10,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wmaas@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-5661 J9 COMMUNITY DENT ORAL JI Community Dentist. Oral Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 232 EP 240 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2006.00302.x PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 040AI UT WOS:000237350100009 PM 16674756 ER PT J AU Park, SW Goodpaster, BH Strotmeyer, ES de Rekeneire, N Harris, TB Schwartz, AV Tylavsky, FA Newman, AB AF Park, SW Goodpaster, BH Strotmeyer, ES de Rekeneire, N Harris, TB Schwartz, AV Tylavsky, FA Newman, AB TI Decreased muscle strength and quality in older adults with type 2 diabetes - The health, aging, and body composition study SO DIABETES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Diabetes-Association CY JUN 10-14, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Diabet Assoc ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; ELDERLY-MEN; MASS; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION; DISABILITY; FAT AB Adequate skeletal muscle strength is essential for physical functioning and low muscle strength is a predictor of physical limitations. Older adults with diabetes have a two-to threefold increased risk of physical disability. However, muscle strength has never been investigated with regard to diabetes in a population-based study. We evaluated grip and knee extensor strength and muscle mass in 485 older adults with diabetes and 2,133 without diabetes in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Older adults with diabetes had greater arm and leg muscle mass than those without diabetes because they were bigger in body size. Despite this, muscle strength was lower in men with diabetes and not higher in women with diabetes than corresponding counterparts. Muscle quality, defined as muscle strength per unit regional muscle mass, was significantly lower in men and women with diabetes than those without diabetes in both upper and lower extremities. Furthermore, longer duration of diabetes ( >= 6 years) and poor glycemic control (HbA(1c) > 8.0%) were associated with even poorer muscle quality. In conclusion, diabetes is associated with lower skeletal muscle strength and quality. These characteristics may contribute to the development of physical disability in older adults with diabetes. C1 Pochon CHA Univ, Dept Internal Med, Sungnam 463712, South Korea. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demogr & Biometry, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN USA. RP Park, SW (reprint author), Pochon CHA Univ, Dept Internal Med, 351 Yatapdong, Sungnam 463712, South Korea. EM parks@edc.pitt.edu RI Strotmeyer, Elsa/F-3015-2014; Newman, Anne/C-6408-2013; OI Newman, Anne/0000-0002-0106-1150; Strotmeyer, Elsa/0000-0002-4093-6036 FU NIA NIH HHS [N01-AG-62101, N01-AG-62103, N01-AG-62106] NR 39 TC 184 Z9 189 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD JUN PY 2006 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1813 EP 1818 DI 10.2337/db05-1183 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 049YI UT WOS:000238053400033 PM 16731847 ER PT J AU Ackermann, RT Marrero, DG Hicks, KA Hoerger, TJ Sorensen, S Zhang, P Engelgau, MM Ratner, RE Herman, WH AF Ackermann, RT Marrero, DG Hicks, KA Hoerger, TJ Sorensen, S Zhang, P Engelgau, MM Ratner, RE Herman, WH TI An evaluation of cost sharing to finance a diet and physical activity intervention to prevent diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID TYPE-2; LIFE; REDUCTION; METFORMIN; QUALITY; ADULTS; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVE- The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention is a cost-effective strategy to prevent type 2 diabetes, but it is unclear how this intervention could be financed. We explored whether this intervention could be offered in a way that allows return on investment for private health insurers while remaining attractive for consumers, employers, and Medicare. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- We used the DPP and other published reports to build a Markov simulation model to estimate the lifetime progression of disease, costs, and quality of life for adults with impaired glucose tolerance. The model assumed a health-payer perspective and compared DPP lifestyle and placebo interventions. Primary outcomes included cumulative incidence of diabetes, direct medical costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and cost per QALY gained. RESULTS- Compared with placebo, providing the lifestyle intervention at age 50 years could prevent 37% of new cases of diabetes before age 65, at a cost of $1,288 per QALY gained. A private payer could reimburse $655 (24%) of the $2,715 in total discounted intervention costs during the first 3 intervention years and still recover all of these costs in the form of medical costs avoided. If Medicare paid up to $2,136 in intervention costs over the 15-year period before participants reached age 65, it could recover those costs in the form of future medical costs avoided beginning at age 65. CONCLUSIONS- Cost-sharing strategies to offer the DPP lifestyle intervention for eligible people between ages 50 and 64 could provide financial return on investment for private payers and long-term benefits for Medicare. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. MedStar Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Michigan Diabet Res & Training Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Ackermann, RT (reprint author), 250 Univ Blvd,Suite 122, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rtackerm@iupui.edu NR 19 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1237 EP 1241 DI 10.2337/dc05-1709 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 049YG UT WOS:000238053200008 PM 16732002 ER PT J AU Cowie, CC Engelgau, MM Rust, KF Saydah, SH Byrd-Holt, DD Williams, DE Eberhardt, MS Geiss, LS Flegal, KM Gregg, EW AF Cowie, CC Engelgau, MM Rust, KF Saydah, SH Byrd-Holt, DD Williams, DE Eberhardt, MS Geiss, LS Flegal, KM Gregg, EW TI Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in adults in the US population - National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID INTERVENTION; TOLERANCE; OBESITY; TRENDS AB OBJECTIVE- The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalences of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in U.S. adults during 1999-2002, and compare prevalences to those in 1988-1994. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) contains a probability sample of adults aged >= 20 years. In the NHANES 1999-2002, 4,761 adults were classified on glycemic status using standard criteria, based on an interview for diagnosed diabetes and fasting plasma glucose measured in a subsample. RESULTS- The crude prevalence of total diabetes in 1999-2002 was 9.3% (19.3 million, 2002 U.S. population), consisting of 6.5% diagnosed and 2.8% undiagnosed. An additional 26.0% had IFG, totaling 35.3% (73.3 million) with either diabetes or IFG. The prevalence Of total diabetes rose with age, reaching 21.6% for those aged >= 65 years. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was twice as high in non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites (both P < 0.00001), whereas the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was similar by race/ethnicity, adjusted for age and sex. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was similar by sex, but prevalences of undiagnosed diabetes and IFG were significantly higher in men. The crude prevalence of diagnosed diabetes rose significantly from 5.1% in 1988-1994 to 6.5% in 1999-2002, but the crude prevalences were stable for undiagnosed diabetes (from 2.7 to 2.8%) and lFG (from 24.7 to 26,0%). Results were similar after adjustment for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS- Although the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes has increased significantly over the last decade, the prevalences of undiagnosed diabetes and IFG have remained relatively stable. Minority groups remain disproportionately affected. C1 NIDDK, Diabet Epidemiol Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Social & Sci Syst, Silver Spring, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cowie, CC (reprint author), NIDDK, Diabet Epidemiol Program, NIH, 6707 Democracy Blvd,Rm 691,MSC 5460, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM cowiec@mail.nih.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 22 TC 746 Z9 763 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1263 EP 1268 DI 10.2337/dc06-0062 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 049YG UT WOS:000238053200012 PM 16732006 ER PT J AU Johnson, FR Manjunath, R Mansfield, CA Clayton, LJ Hoerger, TJ Zhang, P AF Johnson, FR Manjunath, R Mansfield, CA Clayton, LJ Hoerger, TJ Zhang, P TI High-risk individuals' willingness to pay for diabetes risk-reduction programs SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LIFE-STYLE; HEALTH-CARE; TYPE-2; MELLITUS; PREVENTION; PREFERENCE; METFORMIN; SCORE AB OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this study was to estimate how much at-risk individuals are willing to pay for type 2 diabetes primary prevention programs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - An Internet-based, choice-format conjoint survey was presented to individuals at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes. Hypothetical diabetes risk-reduction programs included seven features: diet, exercise, counseling, medication, weight loss goal, risk reduction, and program costs. The sample included 582 individuals aged >= 45 years, two-thirds of whom were obese. Conditional logit models were used to calculate participants' willingness to pay for risk reduction programs. Each respondent's self-assessed risk of developing diabetes was compared with an objective measure based on a diabetes screening tool. RESULTS - Many respondents underestimated their personal risk of developing diabetes. Those with a low perceived risk were less likely to indicate that they would participate in a diabetes prevention program. Individuals had the strongest preference for programs with large weight loss goals, fewer restrictions on diet, and larger reductions in the risk of diabetes. Respondents were willing to pay similar to$1,500 over 3 years to participate in a lifestyle intervention program similar to the Diabetes Prevention Program. Individuals with a high perceived risk were willing to pay more than individuals with lower perceived risk. CONCLUSIONS - Many individuals will be willing to participate in interventions to delay or prevent diabetes if the interventions are subsidized, but most will be unwilling to pay the full program cost. Our results also offer insights for designing risk-reduction programs that appeal to potential participants. C1 RTI Int, RTI UNC Ctr Excellence Hlth Promot Econ, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. GalxoSmithKline, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hoerger, TJ (reprint author), RTI Int, RTI UNC Ctr Excellence Hlth Promot Econ, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM tjh@rti.org FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU 300860] NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1351 EP 1356 DI 10.2337/dc05-2221 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 049YG UT WOS:000238053200026 PM 16732020 ER PT J AU Vijayaraghavan, M Lievano, F Cairns, L Wolfson, L Nandy, R Ansari, A Golaz, A Mashal, T Salama, P AF Vijayaraghavan, M Lievano, F Cairns, L Wolfson, L Nandy, R Ansari, A Golaz, A Mashal, T Salama, P TI Economic evaluation of measles catch-up and follow-up campaigns in Afghanistan in 2002 and 2003 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan; complex emergency; economic evaluation; measles campaigns; mortality reduction; return on investment ID ADVERSE EVENTS; MORTALITY; HEALTH; VACCINATION; COUNTRIES; BURDEN; EQUITY; IMPACT AB This paper assesses the cost-effectiveness of, and the return on the investment in, the 2002 catch-up and the 2003 follow-up measles campaigns in Afghanistan from the perspective of the donor. The catch-up campaign targeted nearly 12 million children aged between six months and 12 years, while the follow-up campaign targeted over five million children aged between 9 and 59 months. Both campaigns successfully vaccinated approximately 96 per cent of the respective target populations, and are expected to avert an estimated 301,000 measles deaths over the next 10 years. The average cost per dose of measles vaccine delivered was USD 0.4. The cost per death prevented is USD 23.6, assuming a case fatality rate of 10 per cent and a discount rate of three per cent. With more than 42,000 measles deaths avoided for every one million US dollars spent, the campaigns are an excellent public health investment for precluding childhood mortality in a country affected by a complex emergency. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vijayaraghavan, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mvijayaraghavan@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 2 BP 256 EP 269 DI 10.1111/j.0361-3666.2006.00318.x PG 14 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 048LU UT WOS:000237949400006 PM 16689921 ER PT J AU Araki, D Bruno, J Salama, P Sadeed, A Sadozai, N Nandy, R Cairns, L Lievano, F AF Araki, D Bruno, J Salama, P Sadeed, A Sadozai, N Nandy, R Cairns, L Lievano, F TI Letter to the editors SO DISASTERS LA English DT Letter ID MEASLES-VACCINES; ADVERSE EVENTS; IMMUNIZATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 2 BP 270 EP 272 PG 3 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 048LU UT WOS:000237949400007 PM 16689922 ER PT J AU Hageman, JC Uyeki, TM Francis, JS Jernigan, DB Wheeler, JG Bridges, CB Barenkamp, SJ Sievert, DM Srinivasan, A Doherty, MC McDougal, LK Killgore, GE Lopatin, UA Coffman, R MacDonald, JK McAllister, SK Fosheim, GE Patel, JB McDonald, LC AF Hageman, JC Uyeki, TM Francis, JS Jernigan, DB Wheeler, JG Bridges, CB Barenkamp, SJ Sievert, DM Srinivasan, A Doherty, MC McDougal, LK Killgore, GE Lopatin, UA Coffman, R MacDonald, JK McAllister, SK Fosheim, GE Patel, JB McDonald, LC TI Severe community-acquired pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus, 2003-04 influenza season SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN GENES; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; VIRUS INFECTION; WORKING ADULTS; A VIRUS; COMPLICATIONS; VACCINATION; HEALTHY; METAANALYSIS; ADHERENCE AB During the 2003-04 influenza season, 17 cases of Staphylococcus aureus community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were reported from 9 states; 15 (88%) were associated with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The median age of patients was 21 years; 5 (29%) had underlying diseases, and 4 (24%) had risk factors for MRSA. Twelve (71%) had laboratory evidence of influenza virus infection. All but 1 patient, who died on arrival, were hospitalized. Death occurred in 5 (4 with MRSA). S. aureus isolates were available from 13 (76%) patients (11 MRSA). Toxin genes were detected in all isolates; 11 (85%) had only genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin. All isolates had community-associated pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns; all MRSA isolates had the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IVa. In communities with a high prevalence of MRSA, empiric therapy of severe CAP during periods of high influenza activity should include consideration for MRSA. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Med, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Shoreline, WA USA. RP Hageman, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JHageman@cdc.gov OI Barenkamp, Stephen/0000-0002-3054-8910 NR 29 TC 200 Z9 209 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 894 EP 899 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 046RY UT WOS:000237829900003 PM 16707043 ER PT J AU Shirwadkar, CG Samant, R Sankhe, M Deshpande, R Yagi, S Schuster, FL Sriram, R Visvesvara, GS AF Shirwadkar, CG Samant, R Sankhe, M Deshpande, R Yagi, S Schuster, FL Sriram, R Visvesvara, GS TI Acanthamoeba encephalitis in patient with systemic lupus, India SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; ANIMALS; HUMANS AB We report a fatal case of encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba in a 24-year-old woman from India with systemic lupus erythematosus. Diagnosis was made by identification of amebas in brain sections by immunofluorescence analysis and confirmed by demonstrating Acanthamoeba mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene DNA in brain tissue sections. C1 PD Hinduja Natl Hosp & Res Ctr, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), PD Hinduja Natl Hosp & Res Ctr, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. EM gsv1@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 984 EP 986 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 046RY UT WOS:000237829900017 PM 16707057 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Vuitton, DA Xiao, YF Budke, CM Campos-Ponce, M Schantz, PM Raoul, F Yang, W Craig, PS Giraudoux, P AF Wang, Q Vuitton, DA Xiao, YF Budke, CM Campos-Ponce, M Schantz, PM Raoul, F Yang, W Craig, PS Giraudoux, P TI Pasture types and Echinococcus multilocularis, Tibetan communities SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS; RISK-FACTOR; CHINA; EUROPE AB Our study showed that open pastures had more small mammal burrows than fenced pastures in Tibetan pastoralist communities in 2003. This characteristic was linked to a higher prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in dogs and indicates that pasture type may affect E. multilocularis transmission. C1 Sichuan Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Univ Franche Comte, F-25030 Besancon, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77834 USA. Free Univ Amsterdam, NL-1007 MC Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Salford, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Sichuan Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM wangqian67@yahoo.com.cn RI Giraudoux, Patrick/B-9274-2011 OI Giraudoux, Patrick/0000-0003-2376-0136 FU PHS HHS [1565] NR 15 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1008 EP 1010 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 046RY UT WOS:000237829900024 PM 16707064 ER PT J AU Rao, AN Barlow, M Clark, LA Boring, JR Tenover, FC McGowan, JE AF Rao, AN Barlow, M Clark, LA Boring, JR Tenover, FC McGowan, JE TI Class 1 integrons in resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., US Hospitals SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; GENE CASSETTES; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AB We examined Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. from US hospitals for class 1 integrons. Of 320 isolates, 181 (57%) were positive; association of integrons with resistance varied by drug and organism. Thus, determining integron epidemiology will improve understanding of how antibacterial resistance determinants spread in the United States. C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McGowan, JE (reprint author), Midwestern Univ, Glendale, AZ USA. EM jmcgowan@sph.emory.edu RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 15 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1011 EP 1014 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 046RY UT WOS:000237829900025 PM 16707065 ER PT J AU Cama, V Gilman, RH Vivar, A Ticona, E Ortega, Y Bern, C Xiao, LH AF Cama, V Gilman, RH Vivar, A Ticona, E Ortega, Y Bern, C Xiao, LH TI Mixed Cryptosporidium infections and HIV SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PARVUM; HUMANS; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES; SAMPLES; LIMA; PERU; SPP.; GENE AB Mixed Cryptosporidium infections were detected in 7 of 21 patients with a diagnosis of rare Cryptosporidium canis or C. felis infections; 6 patients were infected with 2 Cryptosporidium spp. and 1 patient with 3 species. Mixed infections may occur more frequently than previously believed and should be considered when assessing cryptosporidiosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Asociac Benef Proyectos Informat Salud Med & Agr, Lima, Peru. Hosp Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru. Hosp Dos Mayo, Lima, Peru. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop F12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5P01AI051976-04, P01 AI051976, R21 AI 059661-01, R21 AI059661] NR 14 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1025 EP 1028 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 046RY UT WOS:000237829900029 PM 16707069 ER PT J AU Valdiserri, RO AF Valdiserri, RO TI Weeds (Reprinted from Gardening in Clay: Reflections on AIDS, 1994) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Reprint C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Valdiserri, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rov1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1031 EP 1032 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 046RY UT WOS:000237829900031 PM 16752474 ER PT J AU Morales-Betoulle, ME Morales, H Blitvich, BJ Powers, AM Klein, R Cordon-Rosales, C AF Morales-Betoulle, ME Morales, H Blitvich, BJ Powers, AM Klein, R Cordon-Rosales, C TI West Nile virus in horses, Guatemala SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID MEXICO C1 Univ Valle Guatemala, Arbovirol Lab, CDC CAP, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Minist Agr & Livestock, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Morales-Betoulle, ME (reprint author), Univ Valle Guatemala, Arbovirol Lab, CDC CAP, Guatemala City, Guatemala. EM memz@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U50 CCU820510] NR 7 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1038 EP 1039 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 046RY UT WOS:000237829900036 PM 16752479 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI "We need to cultivate our garden" SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT News Item C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1045 EP 1046 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 046RY UT WOS:000237829900039 PM 16752482 ER PT J AU Marsee, K Woodruff, TJ Axelrad, DA Calafat, AM Swan, SH AF Marsee, K Woodruff, TJ Axelrad, DA Calafat, AM Swan, SH TI Estimated daily phthalate exposures in a population of mothers of male infants exhibiting reduced anogenital distance SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE anogenitall distance; butyl-benzyl phthalate; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; dibutyl phthalate; diethyl plithalate; diisobutyl phthalate; exposure estimates; reference dose ID DOSE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS; HYG. ENVIRON. HEALTH; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS; GENERAL-POPULATION; HUMAN URINE; MALE-RAT AB Phthalate diesters have been shown to be developmental and reproductive toxicants in animal studies. A recent epidemiologic study showed certain phthalates to be significantly associated with reduced anogenital distance in human male infants, the first evidence of subtle developmental effects in human male infants exposed prenatally to phthalates. We used two previously published methods to estimate the daily phthalate exposures for the four phthalates whose urinary metabolites were statistically significantly associated with developmental effects in the 214 mother-infant pairs [di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP)] and for another important phthalate [di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)]. We estimated the median and 95th percentile of daily exposures to DBP to be 0.99 and 2.68 mu g/kg/day, respectively; for DEP, 6.64 and 112.3 mu g/kg/day; for 13130, 0.50 and 2.47 mu g/kg/day; and for DEHP, 1.32 and 9.32 mu g/kg/day. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference doses for these chemicals are 100 (DBP), 800 (DEP), 200 (BBzP), and 20 (DEHP) mu g/kg/day. The median and 95th percentile exposure estimates for the phthalates associated with reduced anogenital distance in the study population are substantially lower than current U.S. EPA reference doses for these chemicals and could be informative to any updates of the hazard assessments and risk assessments for these chemicals. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Joint Med Program, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, San Francisco, CA USA. US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Woodruff, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, 3333 Calif St,Suite 265, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM tracey.woodruff@ucsf.edu NR 32 TC 104 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 19 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 6 BP 805 EP 809 DI 10.1289/ehp.8663 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 049GS UT WOS:000238004800025 PM 16759976 ER PT J AU Pirkle, JL Bernert, JT Caudill, SA Sosnoff, CS Pechacek, TF AF Pirkle, JL Bernert, JT Caudill, SA Sosnoff, CS Pechacek, TF TI Trends in the exposure of nonsmokers in the US population to secondhand smoke: 1988-2002 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarker; cotinine; environmental tobacco smoke; ETS; health and nutrition examination survey; NHANES; secondhand smoke; SHS; tandem mass spectrometry ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SERUM COTININE LEVELS; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; CHILDRENS EXPOSURE; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; PASSIVE SMOKING; YOUNG-ADULTS AB The objective of this study was to describe the exposure of nonsmokers in the U.S. population to secondhand smoke (SHS) using serum cotinine concentrations measured over a period of 14 years, from October 1988 through December 2002. This study consists of a series of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) measuring serum cotinine as an index of SHS exposure of participants. Study participants were individuals representative of the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population, ! 4 years of age. We analyzed serum cotinine and interview data from NHANES obtained during surveys conducted during four distinct time periods. Our results document a substantial decline of approximately 70% in serum cotinine concentrations in nonsmokers during this period. This decrease was reflected in all groups within the population regardless of age, sex, or race/ethnicity. The large decrease that we observed in serum cotinine concentrations suggests a substantial reduction in the exposure of the U.S. population to SHS during the 1990s. The exposure of nonsmokers to SHS represents an important public health concern. Our findings suggest that recent public health efforts to reduce such exposures have had an important effect, although children and non-Hispanic black nonsmokers show relatively higher levels of serum cotinine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bernert, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbernert@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 188 Z9 194 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 6 BP 853 EP 858 DI 10.1289/ehp.8850 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 049GS UT WOS:000238004800033 PM 16759984 ER PT J AU Leem, JH Kaplan, BM Shim, YK Pohl, HR Gotway, CA Bullard, SM Rogers, JF Smith, MM Tylenda, CA AF Leem, Jong-Han Kaplan, Brian M. Shim, Youn K. Pohl, Hana R. Gotway, Carol A. Bullard, Stevan M. Rogers, J. Felix Smith, Melissa M. Tylenda, Carolyn A. TI Exposures to air pollutants during pregnancy and preterm delivery SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE adverse birth outcomes; exposure; geographic information system; GIS; Korea; kriging methods; risk assessment; susceptibility ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; INCREASED RISK; LUNG-DISEASE; FETAL-GROWTH; POLLUTION; PARTICLES; TAIWAN; ASSOCIATION; MORTALITY; OUTCOMES AB The association between preterm delivery (PTD) and exposure to air pollutants has recently become a major concern. We investigated this relationship in Incheon, Republic of Korea, using spatial and temporal modeling to better infer individual exposures. The birth cohort consisted of 52,113 singleton births in 2001-2002, and data included residential address, gestational age, sex, birth date and order, and parental age and education. We used a geographic information system and kriging methods to construct spatial and temporal exposure models. Associations between exposure and PTD were evaluated using univariate and multivariate log-binomial regressions. Given the gestational age, birth date, and the mother's residential address, we estimated each mother's potential exposure to air pollutants during critical periods of the pregnancy. The adjusted risk ratios for PTD in the highest quartiles of the first trimester exposure were 1.26 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11-1.44] for carbon monoxide, 1.27 (95% Cl, 1.04-1.56) for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter:5 10 pm, 1.24 (95% Cl, 1.09-1.41) for nitrogen dioxide, and 1.21 (95% Cl, 1.04-1.42) for sulfur dioxide. The relationships between PTD and exposures to CO, NO(2), and SO(2) were dose dependent (p < 0.001, p < 0.02, p < 0.02, respectively). In addition, the results of our study indicated a significant association between air pollution and PT]D during the third trimester of pregnancy. In conclusion, our study showed that relatively low concentrations of air pollution under current air quality standards during pregnancy may contribute to an increased risk of PTD. A biologic mechanism through increased prostaglandin levels that are triggered by inflammatory mediators during exposure periods is discussed. C1 Inha Univ, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Inchon, South Korea. Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects Biometry Acti, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Off Sci, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Leem, JH (reprint author), Inha Univ, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, 7-206 3rd St, Inchon, South Korea. EM ekeeper@inha.ac.kr NR 54 TC 87 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 16 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 6 BP 905 EP 910 DI 10.1289/ehp.8733 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 049GS UT WOS:000238004800042 PM 16759993 ER PT J AU Arcury, TA Quandt, SA Barr, DB Hoppin, JA McCauley, L Grzywacz, JG Robson, MG AF Arcury, TA Quandt, SA Barr, DB Hoppin, JA McCauley, L Grzywacz, JG Robson, MG TI Farmworker exposure to pesticides: Methodologic issues for the collection of comparable data SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; data collection; environmental assessment; farmworker; health outcomes; pesticide exposure ID DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; GREEN TOBACCO SICKNESS; FARM FAMILY EXPOSURE; NORTH-CAROLINA; ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES; MIGRANT FARMWORKERS; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES; LATINO FARMWORKERS; CHILDREN; HEALTH AB The exposure of migrant and seasonal farmworkers and their families to agricultural and residential pesticides is it continuing public health concern. Pesticide exposure research has been spurred on by the development of sensitive and reliable laboratory techniques that allow the detection of minute amounts of pesticides or pesticide metabolites. The power of research on farmworker pesticide exposure has been limited because of variability in the collection of exposure data, the predictors of exposure considered, the laboratory procedures used in analyzing the exposure, and the measurement of exposure. The Farmworker Pesticide Exposure Comparable Data Conference assembled 25 scientists from diverse disciplinary and organizational backgrounds to develop methodologic consensus in four areas of farmworker pesticide exposure research: environmental exposure assessment, biomarkers, personal and occupational predictors of exposure, and health outcomes of exposure. In this introduction to this mini-monograph, first, we present the rationale for the conference and its organization. Second, we discuss some of the important challenges in conducting farmworker pesticide research, including the definition and size of the farmworker population, problems in communication and access, and the organization of agricultural work. Third, we summarize major findings from each of the conference's four foci-environmental exposure assessment, biomonitoring, predictors of exposure, and health outcomes of exposure-as well as important laboratory and statistical analysis issues that cross-cut the four foci. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Arcury, TA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM tarcury@wfubmc.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Grzywacz, Joseph/0000-0002-2308-7781 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R13 ES013378]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R13 OH013378] NR 41 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 6 BP 923 EP 928 DI 10.1289/ehp.8531 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 049GS UT WOS:000238004800045 PM 16759996 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Thomas, K Curwin, B Landsittel, D Raymer, J Lu, CS Donnelly, KC Acquavella, J AF Barr, DB Thomas, K Curwin, B Landsittel, D Raymer, J Lu, CS Donnelly, KC Acquavella, J TI Biomonitoring of exposure in farmworker studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; blood; farmworker; urine ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; URINARY CREATININE; METABOLITE EXCRETION; AGRICULTURAL-WORKERS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DERMAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN SERUM; FARMERS AB Although biomonitoring has been used in many occupational and environmental health and exposure studies, we are only beginning to understand the complexities and uncertainties involved with the biomonitoring process-from study design, to sample collection, to chemical analysis- and with interpreting the resulting data. We present an overview of concepts that should be considered when using biomonitoring or biomonitoring data, assess the current status of biomonitoring, and detail potential advancements in the field that may improve our ability to both collect and interpret biomonitoring data. We discuss issues such as the appropriateness of biomonitoring for a given study, the sampling time frame, temporal variability in biological measurements to nonpersistent chemicals, and the complex issues surrounding data interpretation. In addition, we provide recommendations to improve the utility of biomonitoring in farmworker studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, College Stn, TX USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R13 ES013378]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R13 OH013378] NR 67 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 6 BP 936 EP 942 DI 10.1289/ehp.8527 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 049GS UT WOS:000238004800047 PM 16759998 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Landsittel, D Nishioka, M Thomas, K Curwin, B Raymer, J Donnelly, KC McCauley, L Ryan, PB AF Barr, DB Landsittel, D Nishioka, M Thomas, K Curwin, B Raymer, J Donnelly, KC McCauley, L Ryan, PB TI A survey of laboratory and statistical issues related to farmworker exposure studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE analytical methodology; biomarkers; laboratory; limit of detection; omics; quality control; sample size; statistics ID COMMERCIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXTERNAL QUALITY-CONTROL; LONGITUDINAL DATA; DETECTION LIMITS; OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CLINICAL-TRIALS; EFFECTS MODELS AB Developing internally valid, and perhaps generalizable, farmworker exposure studies is a complex process that involves many statistical and laboratory considerations. Statistics are an integral component of each study beginning with the design stage and continuing to the final data analysis and interpretation. Similarly, data quality plays a significant role in the overall value of the study. Data quality can be derived from several experimental parameters including statistical design of the study and quality of environmental and biological analytical measurements. We discuss statistical and analytic issues that should be addressed in every farmworker study. These issues include study design and sample size determination, analytical methods and quality control and assurance, treatment of missing data or data below the method's limits of detection, and post-hoc analyses of data from multiple studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Penn, Sch Human Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R13 ES013378]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R13 OH013378] NR 81 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 6 BP 961 EP 968 DI 10.1289/ehp.8528 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 049GS UT WOS:000238004800050 PM 16760001 ER PT J AU Victor, JC Surdina, TY Suleimeova, SZ Favorov, MO Bell, BP Monto, AS AF Victor, JC Surdina, TY Suleimeova, SZ Favorov, MO Bell, BP Monto, AS TI The increasing prominence of household transmission of hepatitis A in an area undergoing a shift in endemicity SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; ADULTS AB In the rapidly developing city of Almaty, Kazakhstan, rates of hepatitis A have fallen, but no data on prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) exist with which to interpret incidence data. In the autumn of 200 1, we determined the anti-HAV prevalence among household and school contacts of hepatitis A cases. For contacts aged 0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, 15-19 years, or 20-30 years, immune prevalences were 9, 12, 33, 33 and 77% respectively, among immediate-family household contacts and 15, 28, 49, 52 and 77% respectively, among community contacts. Child community contacts were more likely to be immune than their immediate-family household counterparts (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.3-3.2). Almaty is experiencing an epidemiological shift in hepatitis A incidence. Feasible and effective prevention strategies using hepatitis A vaccine should be explored. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Kazakhstan Minist Hlth, Republ Sanitary Epidemiol Stn, Dept Epidemiol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Div Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Victor, JC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 109 Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jvictor@umich.edu OI Victor, John/0000-0002-7970-6588 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 134 IS 3 BP 492 EP 497 DI 10.1017/S0950268805005194 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 046BK UT WOS:000237786200008 PM 16194291 ER PT J AU Ayala, C Croft, JB Keenan, NL Hyduk, A Bansil, P Mensah, GA AF Ayala, C. Croft, J. B. Keenan, N. L. Hyduk, A. Bansil, P. Mensah, G. A. TI Prevalence of self-reported high blood pressure awareness, physician advice, and actions taken to reduce high blood pressure among US adults - Healthstyles, 2002 SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP S36 EP S36 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 067FO UT WOS:000239287400027 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Giles, WH AF Brown, D. W. Giles, W. H. TI Recommended levels of physical activity and health-related quality of life among hypertensive adults SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP S35 EP S35 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 067FO UT WOS:000239287400026 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Giles, WH AF Ford, E. S. Giles, W. H. TI The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by blood pressure status: Findings from two National Surveys SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP S48 EP S48 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 067FO UT WOS:000239287400051 ER PT J AU Vigdor, ER Mercy, JA AF Vigdor, ER Mercy, JA TI Do laws restricting access to firearms by domestic violence offenders prevent intimate partner homicide? SO EVALUATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE firearms; domestic violence; intimate partner homicide ID CRIMINAL ACTIVITY; HANDGUN PURCHASE; RISK-FACTORS; TRENDS; FAMILY; RATES AB Domestic violence imposes a large cost on society The authors exploit state variation in timing to examine the impact of three types of law on intimate partner homicides. These laws restrict access to firearms by individuals who are subject to a restraining order or have been convicted of a domestic violence misdemeanor or allow law enforcement officers to confiscate firearms at a domestic violence scene. The authors find that female intimate partner homicide rates decline 7% after a state passes a restraining order law They find no effect from the domestic violence misdemeanor or confiscation laws. C1 Duke Univ, Sanford Inst Publ Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vigdor, ER (reprint author), Duke Univ, Sanford Inst Publ Policy, Box 90312, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM evigdor@pps.duke.edu NR 47 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0193-841X J9 EVALUATION REV JI Eval. Rev. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 3 BP 313 EP 346 DI 10.1177/0193841X06287307 PG 34 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 041KJ UT WOS:000237454800007 PM 16679499 ER PT J AU Ayaz, FA Glew, RH Millson, M Huang, HS Chuang, LT Sanz, C Hayirlioglu-Ayaz, S AF Ayaz, FA Glew, RH Millson, M Huang, HS Chuang, LT Sanz, C Hayirlioglu-Ayaz, S TI Nutrient contents of kale (Brassica oleraceae L. var. acephala DC.) SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sugar; acid; fatty acid; amino acid; mineral; kale; black cabbage; Brassica oleraceae var. acephala ID ESSENTIAL FATTY-ACIDS; AMINO-ACIDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; BROCCOLI AB Fructose, glucose and sucrose, as the major soluble sugars and citric and malic acids, as the major organic acids, were identified and determined in kale (Brassica oleraceae L. var. acephala DC., black cabbage) leaves. Fructose was the predominant sugar (2011 mg 100 g(-1) dry wt) identified, followed by glucose (1056 mg 100 g(-1) dry wt) and sucrose (894 mg 100 g(-1) dry wt). The contents of citric and malic acids were at 2213 and 151 mg 100 g(-1) dry wt in the leaves. The 16:0, 18:2n - 6 and 18:3n - 3 fatty acids were the most abundant fatty acids in the leaves. Considering the level of these fatty acids, 18:3n - 3 was found to be the highest (85.3 mu g g(-1) dry wt), contributing 54.0% of the total fatty acid content. Linoleic acid (18:2n - 6), being the second most abundant fatty acid was present at 18.6 mu g g(-1) dry wt, contributing 11.8% of the total fatty acid content. In the seed oil of kale, 22:1n - 9 was the most abundant fatty acid (4198 mu g g(-1) dry wt, 45.7%), with 18:2n - 6 (1199 mu g g(-1) dry wt, 12.3%) and 18:1n - 9 (1408 mu g g(-1) dry wt, 14.8%) being the second next most abundant fatty acids. The most abundant amino acid was glutamic acid (Glu) which was present at 33.2 mg g(-1) dry wt. Aspartic acid, which was the second most abundant amino acid, was present at 27.6 mg g(-1) dry wt and accounted for 10.2% of the total amino acid content of kale leaf. The amino acid content was assessed by comparing the percentages of the essential amino acids in kale leaf versus those of a World Health Organization (WHO) standard protein. The protein of kale leaf compares well with that of the WHO standard. Only one amino acid, lysine, had a score that fell below 100%; the lysine score of kale leaf was 95%. This study attempts to contribute to knowledge of the nutritional properties of the plant. These results may be useful for the evaluation of dietary information. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Karadeniz Tech Univ, Dept Biol, TR-61080 Trabzon, Turkey. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Abbott Labs, Ross Prod Div, Columbus, OH USA. CSIC, Inst Grasa, Dept Physiol & Technol Plant Prod, Seville 41012, Spain. RP Glew, RH (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, MSC08 4670, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rglew@salud.unm.edu RI Sanz, Carlos/K-1743-2014 NR 40 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 4 BP 572 EP 579 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.011 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 006XI UT WOS:000234930600009 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, B Gerner-Smidt, P Barrett, T AF Swaminathan, Bala Gerner-Smidt, Peter Barrett, Timothy TI Focus on Salmonella SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Swaminathan, Bala; Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Barrett, Timothy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swaminathan, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 154 EP 156 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.154 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V93ZD UT WOS:000206352100002 PM 16761940 ER PT J AU McQuillan, GM Pan, QY Porter, KS AF McQuillan, GM Pan, QY Porter, KS TI Consent for genetic research in a general population: An update on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey experience SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE informed consent; genetic research; survey; representative sample ID STORED BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES AB Purpose: The study determines the consent rates for storage of biologic samples for future research with and without genetic studies and describes trends in sociodemographic factors associated with consent. Methods: We performed an analysis of the characteristics of consenting individuals participating in three data cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative survey of the U.S. population. Results: In the 1999 to 2000 and the 2001 and 2002 surveys, 84.8% and 90.1% of eligible participants, respectively, consented to have their biologic samples including DNA stored in a national repository. Female and non-Hispanic black participants were least likely to consent when genetic studies and DNA were included. In the 2003 to 2004 survey, with the discontinuation of the DNA collection, 98.4% signed the consent document and these race/gender differences were no longer observed. Conclusion: Females and non-Hispanic blacks consistently had lower consent rates during the survey years when genetic studies were mentioned in the consent, but once DNA collection was discontinued these differences disappeared. These findings demonstrate wide acceptance among survey participants for allowing storage of specimens for future studies but indicate the need to explore race/gender issues with the collection and storage of DNA for genetic research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP McQuillan, GM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4204, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 10 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 354 EP 360 DI 10.1097/01.gim.0000223552.70393.08 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 057IH UT WOS:000238589000004 PM 16778597 ER PT J AU Myers, MF Chang, MH Jorgensen, C Whitworth, W Kassim, S Litch, JA Armstrong, L Bernhardt, B Faucett, WA Irwin, D Mouchawar, J Bradley, LA AF Myers, MF Chang, MH Jorgensen, C Whitworth, W Kassim, S Litch, JA Armstrong, L Bernhardt, B Faucett, WA Irwin, D Mouchawar, J Bradley, LA TI Genetic testing for susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer: Evaluating the impact of a direct-to-consumer marketing campaign on physicians' knowledge and practices SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE direct-to-consumer; advertising; BRCA; breast cancer; ovarian cancer ID PRESCRIPTION DRUGS; US PHYSICIANS; SERVICES; STATEMENT; ATTITUDES; BRCA2 AB Purpose: To assess the impact of direct-to-consumer marketing of genetic testing for risk of breast and ovarian cancer by a biotechnology company on: 1) physicians' knowledge; 2) reasons given when asking questions about the test; and 3) physicians' practice patterns in two pilot cities where the campaign took place and two control cities. Methods: Survey of randomly selected family physicians, internists, obstetrician-gynecologists, and oncologists from May 1-May 21, 2003. Results: Physicians' knowledge did not differ between pilot and control cities. Significant differences (pilot versus control cities) were seen in the reasons patients gave for asking questions about testing. More physicians in pilot cities (14%) than control cities (7%) reported an increase in the number of times they ordered genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer risk in the previous 6 months (adjusted odds ratio 1,9, 95% confidence interval, 1,2-3.1). Awareness of professional guidelines and being in a practice with a policy on genetic testing for risk of breast and ovarian cancer were associated with physicians' behaviors and interest among patients in testing. Conclusions: Given the complexity and limitations of genetic testing for risk of breast and ovarian cancer, the development and broad dissemination of clinical guidelines and education of physicians are needed. C1 Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice & Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Kaiser Permanente Colarado, Climat Res Unit, Denver, CO USA. RP Myers, MF (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, ML 4006,3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. NR 34 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 361 EP 370 DI 10.1097/01.gim.0000223544.68475.6c PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 057IH UT WOS:000238589000005 PM 16778598 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Qi, WH Albert, TJ Motiwala, AS Alland, D Hyytia-Trees, EK Ribot, EM Fields, PI Whittam, TS Swaminathan, B AF Zhang, W Qi, WH Albert, TJ Motiwala, AS Alland, D Hyytia-Trees, EK Ribot, EM Fields, PI Whittam, TS Swaminathan, B TI Probing genomic diversity and evolution of Escherichia coli O157 by single nucleotide polymorphisms SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; C1 ESTERASE INHIBITOR; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEROTYPE O157-H7; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; UNITED-STATES; LARGE PLASMID; GENE AB Infections by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) are the predominant cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome in the United States. In silico comparison of the two complete STEC O157 genomes (Sakai and EDL933) revealed a strikingly high level of sequence identity in orthologous protein-coding genes, limiting the use of nucleotide sequences to study the evolution and epidemiology of this bacterial pathogen. To systematically examine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at a genome scale, we designed comparative genome sequencing microarrays and analyzed 1199 chromosomal genes (a total of 1,167,948 bp) and 92,721 bp of the large virulence plasmid (pO157) of eleven outbreak-associated STEC O157 strains. We discovered 906 SNPs in 523 chromosomal genes and observed a high level of DNA polymorphisms among the pO157 plasmids. Based on a uniform rate of synonymous substitution for Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica (4.7 x 10(-9) per site per year), we estimate that the most recent common ancestor of the contemporary beta-glucuronidase-negative, non-sorbitol-fermenting STEC O157 strains existed ca. 40 thousand years ago. The phylogeny of the STEC O157 strains based on the informative synonymous SNPs was compared to the maximum parsimony trees inferred from pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus variable numbers of tandem repeats analysis. The topological discrepancies indicate that, in contrast to the synonymous mutations, parts of STEC O157 genomes have evolved through different mechanisms with highly variable divergence rates. The SNP loci reported here will provide useful genetic markers for developing high-throughput methods for fine-resolution genotyping of STEC O157. Functional characterization of nucleotide polymorphisms should shed new insights on the evolution, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of STEC O157 and related pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan State Univ, Microbial Evolut Lab, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NimbleGen Syst Inc, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Div Infect Dis, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), IIT, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. EM zhangw@iit.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-30058, R01-AI-49352] NR 67 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 6 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 757 EP 767 DI 10.1101/gr.4759706 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 048UY UT WOS:000237973200008 PM 16606700 ER PT J AU Anderson, JL Daniels, RD AF Anderson, Jeri L. Daniels, Robert D. TI Bone marrow dose estimates from work-related medical x-ray examinations given between 1943 and 1966 for personnel from five US nuclear facilities SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE x rays; exposure, occupational; dose assessment; radiation, medical ID RADIATION-EXPOSURE; ROENTGENOGRAPHY; SKIN AB Inclusion of dose from work-related medical x-ray examinations with occupational external dose in an epidemiological study may reduce misclassification of exposures and provide more accurate assessment of leukemia risk from occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. In a multi-site leukemia case-control study, annual bone marrow doses due to work-related x-ray examinations given between 1943 and 1966 were estimated for cases and controls employed at five nuclear facilities. Only active bone marrow dose from photofluorographic chest and routine lumbar spine x rays were included. Bone marrow dose assigned for a single exposure ranged from 1.0 to 1.4 mGy. Mean and median cumulative bone marrow doses for each of the five sites from work-related x-ray examinations ranged from 2.0 to 14 mGy and 2.1 to 8.8 mGy, respectively. Results suggest that bone marrow dose from work-related photofluorographic and lumbar spine x-ray examinations given during the time period of this study may be significant compared to occupational bone marrow dose. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Anderson, JL (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 5555 Ridge Ave,R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. EM JLAnderson@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 6 BP 544 EP 553 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000194230.29763.0c PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 047GE UT WOS:000237867000004 PM 16691102 ER PT J AU Campostrini, S Holtzman, D McQueen, DV Boaretto, E AF Campostrini, S Holtzman, D McQueen, DV Boaretto, E TI Evaluating the effectiveness of health promotion policy: changes in the law on drinking and driving in California SO HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE evaluting health promotion policy; surveillance; risk factors; drinking and driving ID QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS; CRACKDOWN AB The purpose of the study was to determine the utility of general population health surveillance data for evaluating broad policy changes that relate to health promotion. Data were drawn from the United States (US) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for one US state, California. Because these data are collected frequently and continually, a quasi-experimental approach to the evaluation was possible using a type of interrupted time series analysis or longitudinal impact analysis. A statistically significant decrease in the number of declared episodes of drinking and driving was found after enactment of new state policy. These findings were compared and found consistent with another study in California that examined the effect of changes in the law on alcohol-related traffic accidents. Our findings suggest that data from a behavioral surveillance system, in this case the BRFSS, are useful to evaluate the effect of a health promotion intervention. Further, the study demonstrates the utility of comparing different data sources when assessing a population-wide change in health promotion policy. C1 Univ Pavia, Dept Appl Stat & Econ, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emme & Erre, Management & Res, Padua, Italy. RP Campostrini, S (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Appl Stat & Econ, Corso Str Nuovo 65, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM stefano.campostrini@unipv.it NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0957-4824 J9 HEALTH PROMOT INT JI Health Promot. Int. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1093/heapro/dak005 PG 6 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 048EW UT WOS:000237931400007 PM 16603570 ER PT J AU Bryant, KA Humbaugh, K Brothers, K Wright, J Pascual, FB Moran, J Murphy, TV AF Bryant, Kristina A. Humbaugh, Kraig Brothers, Kyle Wright, Judy Pascual, F. Brian Moran, John Murphy, Trudy V. TI Measures to control an outbreak of pertussis in a neonatal intermediate care nursery after exposure to a healthcare worker SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC-STENOSIS; HOSPITAL STAFF; ERYTHROMYCIN ESTOLATE; ADULTS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; VACCINE; SPREAD AB Background. Hospitalized premature infants are particularly vulnerable to morbidity and mortality from pertussis. Effective prevention and investigative and control measures are not well described. Objective. To identify the source of nosocomial pertussis in a 2-month-old premature infant in a neonatal intermediate care nursery ( ICN) and to critically review the investigation and outbreak control measures. Setting. An ICN and a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods. We queried healthcare workers (HCWs) and family members about cough illness and contacted potentially exposed patients to determine whether they had symptoms of pertussis. Culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for Bordetella pertussis were performed by the hospital laboratory with specimens collected from symptomatic patients and HCWs. Levels of pertussis toxin immunoglobulin G antibodies were measured in HCWs with cough of at least 14 days' duration at a public health laboratory. Extensive control measures were instituted. Results. Four ICN HCWs met the clinical case definition for presence of pertussis. Serologic test results were positive for 3 of the HCWs. The primary case patient was a 36-year-old HCW with a cough illness of 3-weeks' duration that was accompanied by paroxysms, whoop, posttussive emesis, and pneumothorax. Among the 4 affected HCWs, the duration of cough illness prior to identification of the infant index patient ranged from 11 to 25 days. Outbreak control measures included isolation of the infant case patient, furlough and treatment of symptomatic HCWs, administration of chemoprophylaxis to contacts, and surveillance for additional cases. Seventy-two infant patients and 72 HCWs were exposed and were given antibiotic prophylaxis. One additional case of pertussis, confirmed by PCR and culture, occurred in a resident physician who declined prophylaxis; she had cared for the index patient but had no contact with symptomatic HCWs. Conclusion. HCWs or patients may serve as the source of pertussis in nosocomial outbreaks, which can result in substantial morbidity and outlay of resources for control measures. Our review suggested that a diagnosis of pertussis should be an early consideration for HCWs with cough illness. Targeted pertussis immunization of HCWs, employee health policies that provide for testing and furlough of HCWs with prolonged cough, and monitoring of HCWs for compliance with infection control measures could reduce the morbidity and costs associated with pertussis outbreaks. These measures will require evaluation of their effectiveness. C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Publ Hlth, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bryant, KA (reprint author), Div Pediat Infect Dis, 571 S Floyd St,Suite 321, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM k0brya01@louisville.edu NR 30 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 541 EP 545 DI 10.1086/505666 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 204II UT WOS:000249036800002 PM 16755471 ER PT J AU Pascual, FB McCall, CL McMurtray, A Payton, T Smith, F Bisgard, KM AF Pascual, F. Brian McCall, Candace L. McMurtray, Aaron Payton, Tony Smith, Forrest Bisgard, Kristine M. TI Outbreak of pertussis among healthcare workers in a hospital surgical unit SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OF-THE-ART; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS; VACCINE; STATES; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; TRIAL AB background. In September 1999, a pertussis outbreak was detected among surgical staff of a 138-bed community hospital. Patients were exposed to Bordetella pertussis during the 3-month outbreak period. Objective. To describe the outbreak among surgical staff, to evaluate implemented control measures, and to determine whether nosocomial transmission occurred. Methods. Clinical pertussis was defined as acute cough illness with a duration of 14 days or more without another apparent cause; persons with positive culture, PCR, or serologic test results were defined as having laboratory-confirmed pertussis. Surgical healthcare workers ( HCWs) were interviewed regarding pertussis symptoms, and specimens were obtained for laboratory analysis. Patients exposed to B. pertussis during an ill staff member's 3-week infectious period were interviewed by phone to determine the extent of nosocomial spread. Participants. A total of 53 HCWs assigned to the surgical unit and 146 exposed patients. HCWs with pertussis were defined as case subjects; HCWs without pertussis were defined as non-case subjects. Results. Twelve (23%) of 53 HCWs had clinical pertussis; 6 cases were laboratory confirmed. The median cough duration in the 12 case subjects was 27 days ( range, 20-120 days); 10 (83%) had paroxysms. Eleven (92%) of 12 case subjects and 28 (86%) of 41 non-case subjects received antibiotic treatment or prophylaxis. Seven case subjects (58%) reported they always wore a mask when near patients. Of 146 patients potentially exposed to pertussis from the 12 case subjects, 120 (82%) were interviewed; none reported a pertussis-like illness. Conclusions. Surgical staff transmitted B. pertussis among themselves; self-reported data suggests that these HCWs did not transmit B. pertussis to their patients, likely because of mask use, cough etiquette, and limited face-to-face contact. Control measures might have helped limit the outbreak once pertussis was recognized. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pascual, FB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fpascual@gwu.edu NR 41 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 546 EP 552 DI 10.1086/506232 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 204II UT WOS:000249036800003 PM 16755472 ER PT J AU Banerjee, SN Grohskopf, LA Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR AF Banerjee, Shailendra N. Grohskopf, Lisa A. Sinkowitz-Cochran, Ronda L. Jarvis, William R. CA Natl Nosocomial Infects Surveillan Pediat Prevention Network TI Incidence of pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit-acquired infections SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POINT-PREVALENCE SURVEY; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE METHODS; HOSPITALS; COSTS AB Objective. To compare the cumulative incidence of infections acquired in the pediatric intensive care unit ( PICU) and neonatal intensive care unit ( NICU). Design. Estimation of the cumulative incidence of infections with data obtained from the Pediatric Prevention Network ( PPN) point-prevalence survey and observed rates from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance ( NNIS) system. Setting. Ten hospitals participated in both the PPN survey and NNIS system. Participants. All patients present on the PPN survey dates ( August 4, 1999, or February 1, 2000) in the NICUs or PICUs of the PPN hospitals were included in the survey. Point prevalences for PICU-acquired and for NICU-acquired infections at these hospitals were calculated from the survey data. The cumulative incidence rates were estimated from the point prevalence rates using a standard formula and a standard method for calculating the time to recovery (ie, on the basis of the assumption that discontinuance of antimicrobial therapy indicates recovery from infection); alternate methods to judge the time to recovery from infection were also explored. Results. The average cumulative incidence of intensive care unit-acquired infection for NICUs and PICUs combined ( all units), as measured by NNIS, was 14.1 cases per 100 patients; in comparison, the prevalence was 14.06 cases for 100 patients ( median difference, -0.95 cases per 100 patients; 95% confidence interval, - 4.6 to 5.0 cases per 100 patients), and the estimated cumulative incidence using the standard method of calculating the time to recovery was 13.8 cases per 100 patients ( median difference, - 1.5 cases per 100 patients; 95% confidence interval, -9.1 to 2.9 cases per 100 patients). Estimates of cumulative incidence using alternate methods for calculation of time to recovery did not perform as well ( range, 4.9-100.9 cases per 100 patients). The average incidence density for all units, as measured by the NNIS system, was 6.8 cases per 1,000 patient-days, and the estimate of incidence density using the standard method of calculating the time to recovery was 3.6 cases per 1,000 patient-days ( median difference, 4.3 cases per 1,000 patient-days; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 9.2 cases per 1,000 patient-days). Estimated incidence densities using alternate methods for determining recovery time correlated closely with observed incidence densities. Conclusions. In this patient population, the simple point prevalence provided the best estimate of cumulative incidence, followed by use of a standard formula and a standard method of calculating the time to recovery. Estimation of incidence density using alternate methods performed well. The standard formula and method may provide an even better estimate of cumulative incidence than does simple prevalence in general populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Banerjee, SN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM snb1@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1086/503337 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 204II UT WOS:000249036800005 PM 16755474 ER PT J AU Borchardt, SM Ritger, KA Dworkin, MS AF Borchardt, SM Ritger, KA Dworkin, MS TI Categorization, prioritization, and surveillance of potential bioterrorism agents SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM AB Critical biologic agents with potential for use in a bioterrorism attack have been prioritized into three categories based on their ability to cause illness and death, their capacity for dissemination, public perception as related to plausible civil disruption, and special needs required for effective public health intervention. Health care providers, public and private laboratories, local and state health departments, and public health officials from several agencies share the responsibility of disease surveillance. Surveillance for bioterrorism-related illness is dependent on a system that promptly collects, analyzes, and reports data to public health officials. Syndromic surveillance may augment the reporting of unusual or suspicious illness by informed health care providers and laboratorians, improving preparedness for potential bioterrorist attacks by enhancing timeliness of infectious disease surveillance. C1 Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, 160 N LaSalle,7th Floor S, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. EM mdworkin@idph.state.il.us NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 213 EP + DI 10.1016/j.idc.2006.02.005 PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 060HY UT WOS:000238794500003 PM 16762736 ER PT J AU Morse, SA Budowle, B AF Morse, Stephen A. Budowle, Bruce TI Microbial forensics: Application to bioterrorism preparedness and response SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS STRAINS; NUMBER TANDEM REPEAT; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; OPEN READING FRAME; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; YERSINIA-PESTIS; UNITED-STATES; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB To prepare for the next bioterrorist attack or biocrime and to deter a future event, a strong microbial forensics program is being developed. For the purpose of this article, microbial forensics is considered as an evolving subdiscipline of forensic science, which combines several scientific disciplines (eg, molecular biology, microbiology, genomics, bioinformatics, biochemistry) to analyze evidence from a bioterrorism act, biocrime, hoax, or inadvertent release, for the purpose of attribution. This article describes the field of microbial forensics, the challenges to consider, and how this emerging field is integrated into the preparedness and response of the United States to a bioterrorist attack. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparednes & Response Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fed Bur Invest Acad, Div Labs, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. RP Morse, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparednes & Response Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sam1@cdc.gov NR 85 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 11 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 455 EP + DI 10.1016/j.idc.2006.03.004 PG 20 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 060HY UT WOS:000238794500014 PM 16762747 ER PT J AU Conrad, PA Kjemtrup, AM Carreno, RA Thomford, J Wainwright, K Eberhard, M Quick, R Telford, SR Herwaldt, BL AF Conrad, Patricia A. Kjemtrup, Anne M. Carreno, Ramon A. Thomford, John Wainwright, Katlyn Eberhard, Mark Quick, Rob Telford, Sam R., III Herwaldt, Barbara L. TI Description of Babesia duncani n.sp (Apicomplexa : Babesiidae) from humans and its differentiation from other piroplasms SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia; Theileria; Babesiosis; ultrastructure : 18S rRNA; ITS2 ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; WASHINGTON-STATE; RNA GENE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; UNITED-STATES; SUBUNIT RNA; THEILERIA; PARASITE; WA1 AB The morphologic, ultrastructural and genotypic characteristics of Babesia duncani n.sp. are described based on the characterization of two isolates (WA1, CA5) obtained from infected human patients in Washington and California. The intraerythrocytic stages of the parasite are morphologically indistinguishable from Babesia microti. which is the most commonly identified cause of human babesiosis in the USA. Intraerythrocytic trophozoites of B. duncani n.sp. are round to oval. with some piriform, ring and ameboid forms. Division occurs by intraerythrocytic schizogony, which results in the formation of merozoites in tetrads (syn. Maltese cross or quadruplet forms). The ultrastructural features of trophozoites and merozoites are similar to those described for B. microti and Theileria spp. However, intralymphocytic schizont stages characteristic of Theileria spp. have not been observed in infected humans. In phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data for the complete 18S ribosomal RNA gene, B. duncani n.sp. lies in a distinct clade that includes isolates from humans, dogs and wildlife in the western United States but separate from Babesia sensu stricto, Theileria spp. and B. microti. ITS2 sequence analysis of the B. duncani n.sp. isolates (WA1, CA5) show that they are phylogenetically indistinguishable from each other and from two other human B. duncani-type parasites (CA6, WA2 clone 1) but distinct from other Babesia and Theileria species sequenced. This analysis provides robust molecular support that the B. duncani n.sp. isolates are monophyletic and the same species. The morphologic characteristics together with the phylogenetic analysis of two genetic loci support the assertion that B. duncani n.sp. is a distinct species from other known Babesia spp. for which morphologic and sequence information are available. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA. Ohio Wesleyan Univ, Dept Zool, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Mira Costa Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Oceanside, CA 92056 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Div Infect Dis, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. RP Conrad, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, 1126 Haring Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM paconrad@ucdavis.edu OI Kjemtrup, Anne/0000-0002-5788-7621 NR 48 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 7 BP 779 EP 789 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.03.008 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 062CQ UT WOS:000238922600006 PM 16725142 ER PT J AU Livingston, SE Deubner, H McMahon, BJ Bruden, D Christensen, C Hennessy, TW Bruce, MG Sullivan, DG Homan, C Williams, J Gretch, DR AF Livingston, Stephen E. Deubner, Heike McMahon, Brian J. Bruden, Dana Christensen, Carol Hennessy, Thomas W. Bruce, Michael G. Sullivan, Daniel G. Homan, Chriss Williams, James Gretch, David R. TI Steatosis and hepatitis C in an Alaska Native/American Indian population SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C; steatosis; genotype; fibrosis ID VIRUS GENOTYPE-3; FIBROSIS PROGRESSION; SCORING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; MECHANISMS; OBESITY; DISEASE AB Objectives. To determine the prevalence and characteristics of steatosis in Alaska Natives/American Indians (AN/AI) with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Study Design. This outcomes study began in 1994, and 988 AN/AI have been enrolled, including 222 study patients with a positive HCV RNA who underwent liver biopsy. Methods. Study patients were analyzed for sex, age at biopsy, estimated length of infection, body mass index (BMI), genotype, ethanol use, HCV RNA and alanine aminotransferase levels. A pathologist blinded to patient identify and clinical data reviewed all biopsy slides for histologic activity and fibrosis. Results. Moderate to severe steatosis was found significantly more often in genotype 3 than in genotypes 1 and 2 (p = 0.008). On multivariate analysis, BMI > 30 and Ishak fibrosis score >= 2 were significantly associated with steatosis (p = 0.0013 and 0.0002, respectively), but only genotype 3 was associated with presence of moderate to severe steatosis (p = 0.008). Conclusions. Our findings in a cohort of AN/AI are consistent with results of previous studies in other groups that steatosis is associated with fibrosis in HCV and infection with genotype 3 is associated with more severe steatosis. C1 Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Sch Med, Div Virol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Livingston, SE (reprint author), Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, 4315 Diplomacy Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM slivings@anmc.org NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH PUBLISHERS PI OULU PA AAPISTIE1, OULU, FIN-90220, FINLAND SN 1239-9736 J9 INT J CIRCUMPOL HEAL JI Int. J. Circumpolar Health PD JUN PY 2006 VL 65 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 142MJ UT WOS:000244653700007 PM 16871831 ER PT J AU Burt, RD Thiede, H Barash, ET Sabin, K AF Burt, RD Thiede, H Barash, ET Sabin, K TI Recent condom use by arrested injection drug users in King County, Washington, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY LA English DT Article DE HIV; injection drug users; condoms ID OUT-OF-TREATMENT; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; RISK BEHAVIORS; HIV-INFECTION; SAN-FRANCISCO; SEROCONVERSION; TRANSMISSION; TRENDS; DECLINE AB Background: Sexual transmission is a significant HIV infection route among injection drug users (IDU) in the United States and condom use is a primary means of HIV prevention. To help guide and evaluate public health measures to reduce HIV infection, we examined HIV prevalence among IDU and evaluated condom use levels, time trends and associations with sociodemographic, sexual and drug-related variables. Methods: Interviews and HIV screening were conducted among 1765 arrested IDU recruited from two jails (in Seattle and Kent) in King County, Washington, from 1998 through 2002. Results: HIV prevalence was 2.5%. Prevalence was higher for participants reporting a history of sex work and for men reporting male-to-male, which together accounted for 26 of the 44 HIV-positive participants. In the previous 6 months, among sexually active participants, 13% reported using condoms always, 22% sometimes and 65% never. There was a significant rise in condom use over time, with 14% reporting any condom use in 1998 and 44% in 2002. In both males and females, condom use rose as a function of the number of sexual partners; in females the rise was especially steep. Condom use was more likely to be reported by men reporting a recent male sex partner and less likely to be reported by amphetamine injectors. Condom use was less frequently reported by older participants than younger among those recruited at the Kent Jail but not the Seattle jail. Conclusions: The trend towards increasing likelihood of condom use over time and the tendency of Seattle-area IDU at highest risk to be more likely to report condom use suggest measurable, if modest, progress in reducing risk of sexual transmission of HIV among Seattle IDU. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Project, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burt, RD (reprint author), Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, 106 Prefontaine Pl S, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM richard.burt@metrokc.gov; hanne.thiede@metrokc.gov; elizabeth.barash@metrokc.gov; kis4@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0955-3959 J9 INT J DRUG POLICY JI Int. J. Drug Policy PD JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 222 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.03.007 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 056BJ UT WOS:000238495700011 ER PT J AU Smith, GD Gwinn, M Ebrahim, S Palmer, LJ Khoury, MJ AF Smith, GD Gwinn, M Ebrahim, S Palmer, LJ Khoury, MJ TI Make it HuGE: human genome epidemiology reviews, population health, and the IJE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; PLASMA-FIBRINOGEN; HEART-DISEASE; ASSOCIATION; CAUSALITY; CANCER; SUPPLEMENTATION; METAANALYSIS C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, Bristol BS8 2PR, Avon, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. Western Australia Inst Med Res, Perth, WA, Australia. RP Smith, GD (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, Bristol BS8 2PR, Avon, England. EM george.davey-smith@bristol.ac.uk RI Palmer, Lyle/K-3196-2014; Davey Smith, George/A-7407-2013; OI Palmer, Lyle/0000-0002-1628-3055; Davey Smith, George/0000-0002-1407-8314; Monsalve, Beatriz Elena/0000-0002-5994-866X NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.1093/ije/dyl071 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 059WO UT WOS:000238763100001 PM 16618706 ER PT J AU Rowe, AK Rowe, SY Snow, RW Korenromp, EL Schellenberg, JRA Stein, C Nahlen, BL Bryce, J Black, RE Steketee, RW AF Rowe, AK Rowe, SY Snow, RW Korenromp, EL Schellenberg, JRA Stein, C Nahlen, BL Bryce, J Black, RE Steketee, RW TI The burden of malaria mortality among African children in the year 2000 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE malaria; mortality; Africa; epidemiology; child ID TREATED BED NETS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM TRANSMISSION; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; VERBAL AUTOPSY; RURAL AREA; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SIERRA-LEONE; WEST-AFRICA AB Background. Although malaria is a leading cause of child deaths, few well-documented estimates of its direct and indirect burden exist. Our objective was to estimate the number of deaths directly attributable to malaria among children < 5 years old in sub-Saharan Africa for the year 2000. Methods. We divided the population into six sub-populations and, using results of studies identified in a literature review, estimated a malaria mortality rate for each sub-population. Malaria deaths were estimated by multiplying each sub-population by its corresponding rate. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of varying key assumptions. Results. The literature review identified 31 studies from 14 countries in middle Africa and 17 studies and reports from four countries in southern Africa. In 2000, we estimated that similar to 100 million children lived in areas where malaria transmission occurs and that 803 620 (precision estimate: 705 821-901 418) children died from the direct effects of malaria. For all of sub-Saharan Africa, including populations not exposed to malaria, malaria accounted for 18.0% (precision estimate: 15.8-20.2%) of child deaths. These estimates were sensitive to extreme assumptions about the causes of deaths with no known cause. Conclusions. These estimates, based on the best available data and methods, clearly demonstrate malaria's enormous mortality burden. We emphasize that these estimates are an approximation with many limitations and that the estimates do not account for malaria's large indirect burden. We describe information needs that, if filled, might improve the validity of future estimates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Geog Med, Publ Hlth Grp, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. WHO, Evidence & Informat Policy, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Dept Child & Adolescent Hlth & Dev, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM axr9@cdc.gov RI Agyemang, Samuel/H-8377-2014; OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984 FU Wellcome Trust [058992] NR 111 TC 158 Z9 163 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 691 EP 704 DI 10.1093/ije/dy1027 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 059WO UT WOS:000238763100044 PM 16507643 ER PT J AU Kraut-Becher, JR Aral, SO AF Kraut-Becher, JR Aral, SO TI Patterns of age mixing and sexually transmitted infections SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE age mixing; sexually transmitted diseases; nationally representative sample; NSFG ID OLDER PARTNERS; ADOLESCENT FEMALES; UNITED-STATES; RISK; SPREAD; PREVALENCE AB Age mixing is an important indicator of sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence in partner pools. We use the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), a nationally representative sample of reproductive-age American women, to assess the extent of age mixing and to examine the association between age mixing and STI history. Almost half (48%) of the women in our sample report partnerships with much older or younger men. The likelihood of an STI diagnosis or receipt of STI care (test or treatment) increases as the age difference increases among adolescents. Women in their mid-to-late 20s with much younger partners report receipt of STI care more often than other women. Report of an STI diagnosis is more common among older women with much younger partners than among others of their age. Age-mixing information may be helpful for screening initiatives and targeting interventions aimed at decreasing STI rates, their sequelae, and STI transmission. C1 Univ Penn, Ctr Studies Addict, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kraut-Becher, JR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Ctr Studies Addict, 3535 Market St,4th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM julie6@mail.med.upenn.edu NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 BP 378 EP 383 DI 10.1258/095646206777323481 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 058RI UT WOS:000238681900006 PM 16734958 ER PT J AU Holtz, TH Lancaster, J Laserson, KF Wells, CD Thorpe, L Weyer, K AF Holtz, TH Lancaster, J Laserson, KF Wells, CD Thorpe, L Weyer, K TI Risk factors associated with default from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, South Africa, 1999-2001 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; treatment default; South Africa ID PATIENT ADHERENCE AB SETTING: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment centers in five provinces, South Africa. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the mortality and evaluate risk factors associated with default from MDR-TB treatment. DESIGN: Using registries and a standardized questionnaire, we conducted a case-control study among patients diagnosed and treated for MDR-TB. Cases were defined as patients who began MDR-TB treatment between 1 October 1999 and 30 September 2001 and defaulted from treatment for more than 2 months; controls were defined as patients who began MDR-TB treatment during the same time and were cured, completed or failed. RESULTS: After initial identification and reclassification, 269 cases and 401 controls were confirmed eligible for interview. Further investigation revealed that 74 (27%) cases and 44 (10%) controls had died. Among 96 cases located who consented and were interviewed, 70% had defaulted after receiving at least 6 months of treatment. In a multivariate model, the strongest individual risk factors for default included reporting smoking marijuana or mandrax during treatment, and having an unsatisfactory opinion about the attitude of health care workers. CONCLUSION: Mortality among MDR-TB defaulters was high. Interventions to reduce default from MDR-TB treatment should center on substance abuse treatment, patient education and support and improving provider-patient relationships. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. MRC, Pretoria, South Africa. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. RP Holtz, TH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tholtz@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U23 CCU021809] NR 17 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 649 EP 655 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 045VP UT WOS:000237771100010 PM 16776452 ER PT J AU Shrestha, RK Mugisha, B Bunnell, R Mermin, J Hitimana-Lukanika, C Odeke, R Madra, P Adatu, F Blandford, JM AF Shrestha, RK Mugisha, B Bunnell, R Mermin, J Hitimana-Lukanika, C Odeke, R Madra, P Adatu, F Blandford, JM TI Cost-effectiveness of including tuberculin skin testing in an IPT program for HIV-infected persons in Uganda SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; latent tuberculosis; isoniazid prophylaxis; cost-effectiveness; Uganda ID PREVENTIVE THERAPY; OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT; PROPHYLAXIS; PREVALENCE; DECISION; PEOPLE; BURDEN; ADULTS AB SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection among persons with human immunodeficiency virus or the acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) effectively treats latent TB infection (LTBI) and prevents progression to active TB. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the costs and cost-effectiveness of tuberculin skin testing (TST) prior to offering IPT. DESIGN: We implemented a program for LTBI screening and IPT using TST for persons with HIV at a voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) center in Kampala, Uganda. Cost-effectiveness analyses using Markov methods were adopted to compare strategies of using and not using TST before offering IPT. RESULTS: The program enrolled 7073 persons with HIV. Based on the prevalence of LTBI in the population, 34/100 HIV-infected patients would benefit from IPT. The results showed that 28% of LTBI patients would be treated using the TST strategy, and 40% would be treated with a non-TST strategy. Compared to no intervention, the estimated incremental cost of identifying and providing IPT using TST was $211 per patient; the incremental cost using a non-TST strategy was $768 per patient. CONCLUSION: At a large VCT center in Uganda, the inclusion of TST to identify the HIV-infected persons who will most benefit from IPT is cost-effective. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. AIDS Informat Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Entebbe, Uganda. Minist Hlth, Natl TB & Leprosy Programme, Kampala, Uganda. RP Shrestha, RK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rshrestha@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 656 EP 662 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 045VP UT WOS:000237771100011 PM 16776453 ER PT J AU Lofy, KH McElroy, PD Lake, L Cowan, LS Diem, LA Goldberg, SV Cangelosi, GA Tribble, SP Cave, MD Narita, M AF Lofy, KH McElroy, PD Lake, L Cowan, LS Diem, LA Goldberg, SV Cangelosi, GA Tribble, SP Cave, MD Narita, M TI Outbreak of tuberculosis in a homeless population involving multiple sites of transmission SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis; homeless persons; disease outbreak ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SHELTER; MEN AB SETTING: During 2002-2003, a large outbreak of tuberculosis (TB) occurred among persons using multiple homeless facilities in King County, Washington. OBJECTIVE: To control the transmission of TB in multiple settings. DESIGN: In 2002, contacts exposed to patients in homeless facilities were screened using tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) and symptom review. Based on these screening results, sites of transmission were identified and prioritised, and exposed cohorts at these sites were offered intensive screening tests in 2003 (e.g., symptom review, TST, chest radiograph [CXR], sputum examination and culture). Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients were genotyped using PCR-based methods to identify outbreak-associated patients quickly. RESULTS: During 2002-2003, 48 (15%) of 313 patients diagnosed in King County were outbreak-associated; 47 culture-positive patients had isolates that matched the outbreak strain by genotyping. Three facilities visited by >12 patients in 2002 had a higher prevalence of TST positive results (approximately 30%) among clients compared with the background rate (7%) in the homeless community. Screening contacts with one sputum culture was as sensitive as CXR in detecting TB disease (77% vs. 62%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive, resource-intensive approach likely helped to control transmission. This outbreak highlights the vulnerability of homeless populations and the need to maintain robust TB programs in urban settings. C1 Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, TB Control Program, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty TB Control Program, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Narita, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, TB Control Program, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 325 9Th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM masa.narita@metrokc.gov NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 683 EP 689 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 045VP UT WOS:000237771100015 PM 16776457 ER PT J AU Soorapanth, S Sansom, S Bulterys, M Besser, M Theron, G Fowler, MG AF Soorapanth, S Sansom, S Bulterys, M Besser, M Theron, G Fowler, MG TI Cost-effectiveness of HIV rescreening during late pregnancy to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in South Africa and other resource-limited settings SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE cost-effectiveness analysis; HIV rescreening; perinatal HIV prevention ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SHORT-COURSE ZIDOVUDINE; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; NEVIRAPINE; UGANDA; CARE; INTRAPARTUM; THAILAND AB A decision analysis model, from a health care system perspective, was used to assess the cost-effectiveness of HIV rescreening during late pregnancy to prevent perinatal HIV transmission in South Africa, a country with high HIV prevalence and incidence among pregnant women. Because new HIV prenatal prophylactic and pediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are becoming more widely available, the study was carried out with different combinations of the two. With an estimated HIV incidence during pregnancy of 2.3 per 100 person-years, HIV rescreening would prevent additional infant infections and result in net savings when zidovudine plus single-dose nevirapine or single-dose nevirapine is used for perinatal HIV prevention, and ART was available to treat perinatally HIV-infected children. The cost savings were robust over a wide range of parameter values when ART was available to treat perinatally HIV-infected children but were more sensitive to variations around the baseline when ART was not available. The minimum time interval between the initial and repeat screens would be from 3 to 18 weeks, depending on prophylactic and treatment regimens, for HIV rescreening to be cost saving. Overall, HIV rescreening late in pregnancy in high-prevalence, resource-limited settings such as South Africa would be a cost-effective strategy for reducing mother-to-child transmission. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Dept Decis Sci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP Soorapanth, S (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Decis Sci, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. OI Soorapanth, Sada/0000-0002-0644-9082 NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000214812.72916.bc PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 047WZ UT WOS:000237910700012 PM 16639346 ER PT J AU Latka, MH Metsch, LR Mizuno, Y Tobin, K Mackenzie, S Arnsten, JH Gourevitch, MN AF Latka, MH Metsch, LR Mizuno, Y Tobin, K Mackenzie, S Arnsten, JH Gourevitch, MN TI Unprotected sex among HIV-positive injection drug-using women and their serodiscordant male partners: Role of personal and partnership influences SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; serodiscordant; sexual risk behavior; injection drug user; condom use; women ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; RISK BEHAVIORS; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; SEROPOSITIVE MEN; SOCIAL SUPPORT; UNITED-STATES; CONDOM USE; USERS AB We investigated the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive injection drug-using women who reported unprotected vaginal and/or anal sex with HIV-negative or unknown serostatus (serodiscordant) male partners. Of 426 female study participants, 370 were sexually active. Of these women, 39% (144/370) and 40% (148/370) reported vaginal and/or anal sex with serodiscordant main and casual partners, respectively. Sixty percent of women inconsistently used condoms with their serodiscordant main partners, whereas 53% did so with casual partners. In multivariate analysis, during sex with main partners, inconsistent condom users were less likely to feel confident about achieving safe sex (self-efficacy), personal responsibility for limiting HIV transmission, and that their partner supported safe sex. Inconsistent condom use was also more likely among women who held negative beliefs about condoms and in couplings without mutual disclosure of HIV status. Regarding sex with casual partners, inconsistent condom users were more likely to experience psychologic distress, engage in sex trading, but they were less likely to feel confident about achieving safe sex. These findings suggest that there are widespread opportunities for the sexual transmission of HIV from drug-using women to HIV-uninfected men, and that reasons vary by type of partnership. Multifaceted interventions that address personal, dyadic, and addiction problems are needed for HIV-positive injection drug-using women. C1 Univ Kwa Zulu Natal, Ctr AIDS, Program Res South Africa, Durban, South Africa. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Spidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. NYU, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Latka, MH (reprint author), Univ Kwa Zulu Natal, Ctr AIDS, Program Res South Africa, Durban, South Africa. EM latka@ukzn.ac.za NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 222 EP 228 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000214813.50045.09 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 047WZ UT WOS:000237910700013 PM 16760799 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, A Marak, RSK Singhi, S Gupta, S Hurst, SF Padhye, AA AF Chakrabarti, A. Marak, R. S. K. Singhi, S. Gupta, S. Hurst, S. F. Padhye, A. A. TI Brain abscess due to Aspergillus nidulans SO JOURNAL DE MYCOLOGIE MEDICALE LA English DT Article DE aspergillosis; brain abscess; Aspergillus nidulans ID CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS-DISEASE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; CEREBRAL ASPERGILLOSIS; MAXILLARY SINUS; ACUTE-LEUKEMIA; INFECTION; CHILDHOOD; BLAST AB Invasive aspergillosis of the central nervous system commonly occurs in immunocompromised patients. In recent years with increased awareness and improved imaging techniques, central nervous system infections have also been described in immunocompetent patients. We present a case of brain abscess caused by Aspergillus nidulans in a 14-month-old mate baby without any underlying defects. To our knowledge, the present case represents the third known case of A. nidulans causing brain abscess in a child without any known immuno-suppression. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Med Microbiol, Chandigarh 160012, India. Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Pediat, Chandigarh 160012, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Padhye, AA (reprint author), 2956 Windfield Circle, Tucker, GA 30084 USA. EM aapadhye@msn.com NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9 PA 21 STREET CAMILLE DESMOULINS, ISSY, 92789 MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9, FRANCE SN 1156-5233 J9 J MYCOL MED JI J. Mycol. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 100 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.mycmed.2006.02.001 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 069BE UT WOS:000239418800008 ER PT J AU Kistner, JA David-Ferdon, CF Repper, KK Joiner, TE AF Kistner, JA David-Ferdon, CF Repper, KK Joiner, TE TI Bias and accuracy of children's perceptions of peer acceptance: Prospective associations with depressive symptoms SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE self-perceptions; perceptual accuracy; bias; depressive symptoms ID DSM-III DISORDERS; SELF-PERCEPTIONS; SCAR HYPOTHESIS; LARGE SAMPLE; COMPETENCE; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; REALISM; UNDERESTIMATION; APPRAISALS AB Are depressive symptoms in middle childhood associated with more or less realistic social self-perceptions? At the beginning and end of the school year, children in grades 3 through 5 (n=667) rated how much they liked their classmates, predicted the acceptance ratings they would receive from each of their classmates, and completed self-report measures of perceived acceptance and depressive symptoms. Accuracy of perceived acceptance was indexed by the mean difference between pairs of predicted and received ratings (absolute values). Standardized residual scores created by regressing self-reported perceived acceptance (either predicted ratings or children's responses to a questionnaire measure of perceived peer acceptance) onto peer acceptance ratings formed two measures of bias. Bi-directional associations were found for accuracy of perceived acceptance and depressive symptoms; inaccurate perceptions predicted increases in depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms predicted decreased accuracy. Neither measure of bias predicted changes in depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms predicted increases in negatively biased perceptions as assessed via questionnaire. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kistner, JA (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM Kistner@psy.fsu.edu NR 49 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0627 J9 J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH JI J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 349 EP 361 DI 10.1007/s10802-006-9028-9 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 057ZD UT WOS:000238632800006 PM 16691457 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Santelli, JS Morrow, B AF Anderson, JE Santelli, JS Morrow, B TI Trends in adolescent contraceptive use, unprotected and poorly protected sex, 1991-2003 SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE trends; contraceptive use; unprotected sex; risk behavior ID CONDOM USE; HIV RISK; BEHAVIOR AB Purpose: To estimate trends in use and nonuse of effective protection among adolescents 19912003, and to assess factors associated with poorly protected sex in 2003. Methods: We analyzed seven Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBSs) of 9th-12th graders conducted from 1991 through 2003. We estimated trends in use of condoms, effective contraception, withdrawal, and no method, using linear logistic regression models, and evaluated correlates of the use of no method or withdrawal in 2003. Results: Throughout 1991-2003, about one third of students reported that they had been sexually active in the previous 3 months. Condom use increased significantly throughout 1991-2003, from 46.2% ( +/- 3.3%) in 1991 to 63.0% (+/- 2.5%) in 2003, and the percentage reporting use of either withdrawal or no method steadily declined, from 32.6% (+/- 2.7%) to 18.8% (+/- 2.1%). In 2003, use of withdrawal or no method was greater among females, Hispanics, those who had been pregnant or had caused a pregnancy, and those who reported feeling sad or hopeless or had considered suicide. Conclusions: Reported unprotected sex decreased, while use of condoms increased. A high-risk group engaging in poorly protected sex was identified, accounting for 6.4% of students. (c) 2006 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Nat Ctr HIV HIV & STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Nat Ctr HIV HIV & STD Prevent, MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jea1@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 BP 734 EP 739 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.07.001 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 050DE UT WOS:000238066900016 PM 16730603 ER PT J AU Wang, LQ Bernert, JT AF Wang, LQ Bernert, JT TI Analysis of 13 fentanils, including sufentanil and carfentanil, in human urine by liquid chromatography-atmospheric-pressure ionization-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; HUMAN PLASMA; REMIFENTANIL; PHARMACOKINETICS; ABUSE; METABOLITES; ALFENTANIL; EXTRACTION; DEATH; BLOOD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bernert, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jtb2@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 5 BP 335 EP 341 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 057ML UT WOS:000238599800009 PM 16839472 ER PT J AU Green, MD Beall, B Marcon, MJ Allen, CH Bradley, JS Dashefsky, B Gilsdorf, JR Schutze, GE Smith, C Walter, EB Martin, JM Edwards, KM Barbadora, KA Wald, ER AF Green, MD Beall, B Marcon, MJ Allen, CH Bradley, JS Dashefsky, B Gilsdorf, JR Schutze, GE Smith, C Walter, EB Martin, JM Edwards, KM Barbadora, KA Wald, ER TI Multicentre surveillance of the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of macrolide resistance among pharyngeal isolates of group A streptococci in the USA SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE antibiotic resistance; Streptococcus pyogenes; mef(A) ID UNITED-STATES; PYOGENES; TELITHROMYCIN AB Objectives: Rates of macrolide resistance in group A streptococci (GAS) were reported to be low in the US in the 1990s. However, we documented an unexpectedly high rate of macrolide resistance among GAS in Pittsburgh, PA, in 2001 and 2002. In an effort to define the current prevalence of macrolide-resistant GAS in the US, a multicentre surveillance project was initiated. Methods: Between October 2002 and May 2003, 50 pharyngeal GAS isolates per month were requested from each of the nine participating sites representing a wide geographical distribution. Standard susceptibility testing was performed and the macrolide resistance phenotype was assessed using double-disc diffusion testing. Monthly and annual rates of macrolide resistance were calculated for each site. An adjusted overall rate of macrolide resistance was determined to account for differences in the numbers of GAS isolates sent from each centre. Results: Overall, 171 of the 2797 collected isolates of GAS (6.1%) were resistant to erythromycin. The adjusted overall resistance rate was 5.2%. Rates of macrolide resistance varied by site (range 3.0-8.7%) and also by month (< 2% to > 10%). The M phenotype of macrolide resistance accounted for > 60% of all macrolide-resistant isolates recovered in this study. Conclusions: These data suggest an increasing prevalence and broad geographical distribution of macrolide-resistant GAS in the US, indicating the need for ongoing local and national longitudinal surveillance to define the extent of this problem. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Div Infect Dis,Dept Pediat, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp Columbus, Columbus, OH USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Childrens Hosp San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. CS Mott Childrens Hosp, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Green, MD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Div Infect Dis,Dept Pediat, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM Michael.Green@chp.edu NR 14 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1240 EP 1243 DI 10.1093/jac/dkl1011 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 052TX UT WOS:000238257900036 PM 16556634 ER PT J AU Chain, PSG Hu, P Malfatti, SA Radnedge, L Larimer, F Vergez, LM Worsham, P Chu, MC Andersen, GL AF Chain, PSG Hu, P Malfatti, SA Radnedge, L Larimer, F Vergez, LM Worsham, P Chu, MC Andersen, GL TI Complete genome sequence of Yersinia pestis strains Antiqua and Nepal516: Evidence of gene reduction in an emerging pathogen SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELONGATION-FACTOR TU; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; PLAGUE PANDEMICS; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; DUPLICATION; SALMONELLA; ORIENTALIS AB Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plagues, has undergone detailed study at the molecular level. To further investigate the genomic diversity among this group and to help characterize lineages of the plague organism that have no sequenced members, we present here the genomes of two isolates of the '' classical '' antiqua biovar, strains Antiqua and Nepal516. The genomes of Antiqua and Nepal516 are 4.7 Mb and 4.5 Mb and encode 4,138 and 3,956 open reading frames, respectively. Though both strains belong to one of the three classical biovars, they represent separate lineages defined by recent phylogenetic studies. We compare all five currently sequenced Y. pestis genomes and the corresponding features in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. There are strain-specific rearrangements, insertions, deletions, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and a unique distribution of insertion sequences. We found 453 single nucleotide polymorphisms in protein-coding regions, which were used to assess the evolutionary relationships of these Y. pestis strains. Gene reduction analysis revealed that the gene deletion processes are under selective pressure, and many of the inactivations are probably related to the organism's interaction with its host environment. The results 14 presented here clearly demonstrate the differences between the two biovar antiqua lineages and support the notion that grouping Y. pestis strains based strictly on the classical definition of biovars (predicated upon two biochemical assays) does not accurately reflect the phylogenetic relationships within this species. A comparison of four virulent Y. pestis strains with the human-avirulent strain 91001 provides further insight into the genetic basis of virulence to humans. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Andersen, GL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 70A3317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GLAndersen@lbl.gov RI chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 NR 47 TC 100 Z9 1533 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 188 IS 12 BP 4453 EP 4463 DI 10.1128/JB.00124-06 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 051PV UT WOS:000238173900031 PM 16740952 ER PT J AU Castello, AA Arguelles, MH Rota, RP Olthoff, A Jiang, B Glass, RI Gentsch, JR Glikmann, G AF Castello, AA Arguelles, MH Rota, RP Olthoff, A Jiang, B Glass, RI Gentsch, JR Glikmann, G TI Molecular epidemiology of group A rotavirus diarrhea among children in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 1999 to 2003 and emergence of the infrequent genotype G12 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; BRAZILIAN CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; SEROTYPE G5; P TYPES; RT-PCR; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITY AB To examine the epidemiology of rotaviruses in Buenos Aires, Argentina, we screened 1,212 stool samples from children with diarrhea in the southern district of Buenos Aires from 1999 to 2003. We identified 187 samples (15.4%) that were positive for group A rotavirus by use of antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among these specimens, 112 were available for typing: 93 (83.0%) were single-type infections, 9 (8.0%) were mixed-type infections with more than one G or P type, and 10 (8.9%) were G and/or P nontypeable. In contrast to the findings in our last study, from 1996 to 1998, genotype P[4], G2 strains were almost completely absent and P[8], G1 and P[8], G4 strains were dominant, representing more than 80% of the G and P types found. Genotypes G2 and G9 were detected in few samples, and type G3 was completely absent. We identified several uncommon genotype G12 strains, representing the first detections outside of Asia and the United States, by sequencing. Using a genotype G12-specific reverse transcription-PCR, we identified eight (6.7%) positive samples for the 1999 to 2003 period. The high degree of sequence identity between recent G12 isolates from Argentina, the United States, and Asian countries suggests a relatively recent introduction(s) of these strains into humans from a common progenitor. The Argentinean G12 strains belonged to genotype P[91, similar to most of the recently described Asian G12 strains. The finding of G12 strains in several other regions of the world raises the possibility that G12 may be emerging globally and suggests that surveillance for this strain should be conducted routinely. C1 Univ Nacl Quilmes, LIV, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Team, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hosp Materno Infantil San Francisco Solano, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Castello, AA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Quilmes, LIV, Roque Saenz Pena 180,B1876BXD, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM acastello@unq.edu.ar NR 40 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2046 EP 2050 DI 10.1128/JCM.02436-05 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 053VD UT WOS:000238332900016 PM 16757596 ER PT J AU Sakota, V Fry, AM Lietman, TM Facklam, RR Li, ZY Beall, B AF Sakota, V Fry, AM Lietman, TM Facklam, RR Li, ZY Beall, B TI Genetically diverse group A streptococci from children in Far-Western Nepal share high genetic relatedness with isolates from other countries SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SERUM OPACITY FACTOR; FIBRONECTIN-BINDING PROTEIN; PYOGENES; SEQUENCE; EMM; SURVEILLANCE; RECOMBINATION; AZITHROMYCIN; TRACHOMA; SUBTYPES AB The genetic diversity of group A streptococci (GAS) throughout much of the world has not been adequately explored. To assess genetic variation among GAS in western Nepal, 120 noninvasive GAS, collected from eight different villages, were genetically characterized using emm typing, sof sequencing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A high level of genetic diversity was observed among these isolates, with 51 genotypes based upon 51 multilocus sequence types (STs), 45 emm sequence types, and 28 sof sequence types. On the basis of shared ST-emm and sof-emm associations, 40 of the 51 genotypes were identical or highly related to genotypes characterized from locations outside of Nepal, even though most of the emm sequence and clonal types are rare among GAS within the United States. When analyzing all known STs highly related to Nepal STs, only one example of similar STs shared between a sof PCR-positive strain and a sof PCR-negative strain was observed. Since previous data indicate free exchange of MLST loci between sof-positive and sof-negative strains, there is possibly selection against the expansion of subclones resulting from horizontal transfers of sof or emm genes between sof-positive and sof-negative strains. All 45 emm types encountered in Nepal have also been documented from other countries. These data, together with data encompassing the past decade of emm type surveillance, support the possibility that most existing GAS emm types have been discovered. Similarly, since most (40/51) strain types were highly related to strains found elsewhere, it is likely that a major fraction of the existing GAS clonal complexes have been discovered. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Francis I Proctor Fdn, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Ophthalmol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BBEALL@CDC.GOV NR 23 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2160 EP 2166 DI 10.1128/JCM.02456-05 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 053VD UT WOS:000238332900035 PM 16757615 ER PT J AU Zhang, N O'Donnell, K Sutton, DA Nalim, FA Summerbell, RC Padhye, AA Geiser, DM AF Zhang, N O'Donnell, K Sutton, DA Nalim, FA Summerbell, RC Padhye, AA Geiser, DM TI Members of the Fusarium solani species complex that cause infections in both humans and plants are common in the environment SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXYSPORUM AB Members of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are increasingly implicated as the causative agents of human mycoses, particularly in the expanding immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patient populations. Best known as ubiquitous plant pathogens and saprotrophs, the FSSC comprises over 45 phylogenetically distinct species distributed among three major clades. To identify which species are associated with human infections, we generated multilocus haplotypes based on four partial gene sequences from 471 isolates. Of these, 278 were from human patients, 21 were from hospital environments, and 172 were from other sources. Phylogenetic trees inferred from an ergosterol biosynthesis gene (erg-3) were highly discordant with those inferred from the three other partial gene sequences; therefore, this partition was analyzed separately. Multilocus analysis showed that isolates from humans were restricted to but spread throughout clade 3 of the FSSC phylogeny, comprising at least 18 phylogenetically distinct species. The majority (74.5%) of the clinical isolates, however, were associated with four major lineages, designated groups 1 to 4. Groups 1 and 2 were strongly supported as phylogenetic species, whereas groups 3 and 4 were not. Although isolates from ocular infections were found in all four groups, they had a significant tendency to belong to group 3 (P < 0.001). Human clinical isolates shared identical multilocus haplotypes with isolates from plants, other animals, and from hospital environments, suggesting potential nosocomiality. The major finding of this study is that FSSC-associated mycoses of humans and other animals have origins in a broad phylogenetic spectrum, indicating widespread ability to cause infection in this diverse species complex. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Fungus Testing Lab, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Geiser, DM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dgeiser@psu.edu RI Zhang, Ning/K-3046-2012; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 OI Zhang, Ning/0000-0003-0755-2505; NR 22 TC 131 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2186 EP 2190 DI 10.1128/JCM.00120-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 053VD UT WOS:000238332900039 PM 16757619 ER PT J AU Somoskovi, A Clobridge, A Larsen, SC Sinyavskiy, O Surucuoglu, S Parsons, LM Salfinger, M AF Somoskovi, A Clobridge, A Larsen, SC Sinyavskiy, O Surucuoglu, S Parsons, LM Salfinger, M TI Does the MGIT 960 system improve the turnaround times for growth detection and susceptibility testing of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex? SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID RIFAMPIN C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Kazakh Natl Med Univ, Dept Clin & Lab Diag, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Celal Bayar Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Clin Microbiol, Manisa, Turkey. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Lab Branch, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Salfinger, M (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. EM salfinger@wadsworth.org NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2314 EP 2315 DI 10.1128/JCM.00712-06 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 053VD UT WOS:000238332900070 PM 16757650 ER PT J AU Simon, MS Korczak, JF Yee, CL Malone, KE Ursin, G Bernstein, L McDonald, JA Deapen, D Strom, BL Press, MF Marchbanks, PA Burkman, RT Weiss, LK Schwartz, AG AF Simon, MS Korczak, JF Yee, CL Malone, KE Ursin, G Bernstein, L McDonald, JA Deapen, D Strom, BL Press, MF Marchbanks, PA Burkman, RT Weiss, LK Schwartz, AG TI Breast cancer risk estimates for relatives of white and African American women with breast cancer in the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 05-08, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol ID VALIDATION; REGISTRY; ONSET; AGE AB Purpose Family history is a well-recognized risk factor for breast cancer. Familial aggregation and segregation analyses have estimated breast cancer risk based on family history primarily for white women; such information is limited for African American (AA) women. The purpose of this report is to update breast cancer risk estimates associated with a family history of breast cancer for white and AA women. Methods We used family cancer history from 2,676 white and 1,525 AA women with breast cancer (probands) in the population-based National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences (CARE) Study to estimate age-specific breast cancer risks in their first degree adult female relatives. Cumulative hazard curves were calculated for relatives of all probands using Cox proportional hazards models, and were stratified by the proband's race and age at diagnosis and number of relatives affected. Results Breast cancer risks for white and AA women with a family history of the disease are similar through age 49 years, but diverge afterwards, with higher risks by age 79 in white women than in AA women (17.5% [SE, 0.9%] v 12.2% [SE, 1.1%]; P < .001). These risks increase as the number of affected first degree relatives increases, reaching 25.2% (SE, 3.4%) and 16.9% (SE, 4.0%) in white and AA women with more than one affected relative, respectively (P = .3). Conclusion We found age-related racial differences in breast cancer risk in women with a family history of breast cancer and have updated risk estimates for white and AA women for clinical use. C1 Wayne State Univ, Barbara Ann Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Barbara Ann Karmanos Canc Inst, Populat Studies & Prevent Program, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Barbara Ann Karmanos Canc Inst, Breast Canc Program, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway. RP Simon, MS (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Barbara Ann Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol, Room 4221 HWCRC,4100 John R, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM Simonm@karmanos.org FU NCI NIH HHS [CN65064] NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 16 BP 2498 EP 2504 DI 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.1087 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 048IN UT WOS:000237940900017 PM 16735703 ER PT J AU Bobo, JK Shapiro, JA Brustrom, J AF Bobo, JK Shapiro, JA Brustrom, J TI Efforts to locate low-income women for a study on mammography rescreening: Implications for public health practice SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE low-income population; recruitment activities; public health practice ID FOLLOW-UP; QUESTIONNAIRE; NONRESPONSE; POPULATION; ATTRITION; COHORT AB Public health practice often requires locating individuals in the community. This article presents information on the methods and amount of time and effort required to locate over 2300 low-income and minority women in Maryland, New York, Ohio, and Texas for a mammography rescreening study. In 1999, we identified 2528 low-income women who had a mammogram in 1997 funded by the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program. Starting 30 months after that mammogram, we made numerous attempts to locate each woman while recording the number of calls, letters, and tracing attempts used and the date she was found. More than 93% of the women were located. On average, it took 73.8 days (range 1-492 days) and 7.2 calls and letters (range 1-48) to reach each woman. Locating women in racial and ethnic minority groups required more time and effort. About 10% of all located women were found only after our subject tracing protocol was implemented. The percentage of located women increased markedly with more months of effort and additional calls and letters. Because women who were more difficult to locate were less likely to have been rescreened, the mammography rescreening percentages at the end of the study were slightly lower than they would have been had we terminated location efforts after 1-3 months. Locating low-income women in the community is difficult, particularly when obtaining a high response rate from all groups is important. Terminating data collection prematurely may decrease minority group representation and introduce bias. C1 Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bobo, JK (reprint author), 1100 Dexter Ave N,Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM boboj@battelle.org NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s10900-005-9006-0 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 044KO UT WOS:000237671400006 PM 16830509 ER PT J AU Herring, ME AF Herring, ME TI Developing the environmental health workforce SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Herring, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mherring@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 10 BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 046MT UT WOS:000237816400006 PM 16780002 ER PT J AU Jacobs, EA Rolle, I Ferrans, CE Whitaker, EE Warnecke, RB AF Jacobs, EA Rolle, I Ferrans, CE Whitaker, EE Warnecke, RB TI Understanding African Americans' views of the trustworthiness of physicians SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Academy-for-Health-Services-Research-and-Health-Policy CY JUN 23-25, 2002 CL Washington, DC SP Acad Hlth Serv Res Hlth Policy DE trust; distrust; African Americans; physicians ID HEALTH-CARE; INTERPERSONAL-TRUST; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; CADAVERIC ORGANS; MEDICAL-RESEARCH; RACE; SATISFACTION; ATTITUDES; INTERVENTION; WILLINGNESS AB BACKGROUND: Many scholars have written about the historical under-pinnings and likely consequences of African Americans distrust in health care, yet little research has been done to understand if and how this distrust affects African Americans' current views of the trustworthiness of physicians. OBJECTIVE: To better understand what trust and distrust in physicians means to African Americans. DESIGN., Focus-group study, using an open-ended discussion guide. SETTING: Large public hospital and community organization in Chicago, IL. PATIENTS: Convenience sample of African-American adult men and women. MEASUREMENTS: Each focus group was systematically coded using grounded theory analysis. The research team then identified themes that commonly arose across the 9 focus groups. RESULTS: Participants indicated that trust is determined by the interpersonal and technical competence of physicians. Contributing factors to distrust in physicians include a lack of interpersonal and technical competence. perceived quest for profit and expectations of racism and experimentation during routine provision of health care. Trust appears to facilitate care-seeking behavior and promotes patient honesty and adherence. Distrust inhibits care-seeking, can result in a change in physician and may lead to nonadherence. CONCLUSIONS: Unique factors contribute to trust and distrust in physicians among African-American patients. These factors should be considered in clinical practice to facilitate trust building and improve health care provided to African Americans. C1 John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Chicago, IL USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Nursing, Chicago, IL USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Populat Hlth & Hlth Dispar, Chicago, IL USA. RP Jacobs, EA (reprint author), Collaborat Res Unit, 1900 W Polk St,16th Floor, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM ejacobs@rush.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [5K07CA089421-03] NR 35 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 642 EP 647 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00485.x PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 051FU UT WOS:000238147800017 PM 16808750 ER PT J AU Hammitt, LL Bruden, DL Butler, JC Baggett, HC Hurlburt, DA Reasonover, A Hennessy, TW AF Hammitt, LL Bruden, DL Butler, JC Baggett, HC Hurlburt, DA Reasonover, A Hennessy, TW TI Indirect effect of conjugate vaccine on adult carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: An explanation of trends in invasive pneumococcal disease SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases CY APR 02-06, 2006 CL Alice Springs, AUSTRALIA SP US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Provent ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; 1ST 2 YEARS; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; RURAL ALASKA; CHILDREN; COLONIZATION; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNIZATION; ACQUISITION AB Background. Use of heptavalent protein-polysaccharide pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been associated with decreases in PCV7-type invasive pneumococcal disease and nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage in children. Vaccine use has also indirectly decreased the rate of invasive disease in adults, presumably through decreased transmission of pneumococci from vaccinated children to adults. Methods. We conducted NP carriage surveys in 8 villages in Alaska in 1998 - 2004. Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were characterized by serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility. We analyzed trends in serotype distribution, antibiotic resistance, and factors associated with adult carriage of PCV7-serotype pneumococci before and after the introduction of PCV7 in 2001. Results. We collected 15,598 NP swabs; overall, 52% of adults living in the villages surveyed participated in the colonization study. The proportion of adult carriers with PCV7-type pneumococcal carriage decreased from 28% of carriers in 1998 - 2000 to 4.5% of carriers in 2004 (P < .0001). Among adults, the proportion of colonizing isolates that were resistant to penicillin decreased from 13% in 1998 - 2000 to 6% in 2004 (P < .01), whereas the percentage of isolates with intermediate susceptibility to penicillin increased from 12% in 1998 - 2000 to 19% in 2004 (P < .01). Adults were more likely to carry PCV7-type pneumococci if they lived with a child <= 5 years old or if they lived with a child who had not been age- appropriately vaccinated with PCV7. Conclusions. Pediatric vaccination with PCV7 has resulted in decreased PCV7-type pneumococcal carriage among adults and helps to explain recent decreases in the rate of PCV7-type invasive pneumococcal disease among adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Hammitt, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM lhammitt@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 148 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 193 IS 11 BP 1487 EP 1494 DI 10.1086/503805 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 038SS UT WOS:000237246700003 PM 16652275 ER PT J AU Peterson, AT Papes, M Reynolds, MG Perry, ND Hanson, B Regnery, RL Hutson, CL Muizniek, B Damon, IK Carroll, DS AF Peterson, AT Papes, M Reynolds, MG Perry, ND Hanson, B Regnery, RL Hutson, CL Muizniek, B Damon, IK Carroll, DS TI Native-range ecology and invasive potential of Cricetomys in North America SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE African giant pouched rat; Cricetomys; ecological niche modeling; Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction; invasive species; rodent ecology ID SPECIES INVASIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MONKEYPOX; PREDICTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; OUTBREAK; MODELS; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; ALGORITHMS AB African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys) are native to tropical Africa, where they range from Senegal and Gambia east across West Africa and the Congo Basin to the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa. Ecological niche models show that Cricetomys species differ in their invasive potential. Although neither of the presently recognized Cricetomys species appears to have genuinely broad distributional potential in North America, models predict that C. emini would have extremely restricted distributional potential, whereas C. gambianus would have a broader potential across the southeastern United States. C1 Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. RP Carroll, DS (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM zuz4@cdc.gov RI Peterson, A. Townsend/I-5697-2013 OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 43 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-133R3.1 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 051OU UT WOS:000238171200001 ER PT J AU Amon, JJ Drobeniuc, J Bower, WA Magana, JC Escobedo, MA Williams, IT Bell, BP Armstrong, GL AF Amon, JJ Drobeniuc, J Bower, WA Magana, JC Escobedo, MA Williams, IT Bell, BP Armstrong, GL TI Locally acquired hepatitis E virus infection, El Paso, Texas SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis E; United States; swine ID UNITED-STATES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOSAIC PROTEIN; SPORADIC ACUTE; BLOOD-DONORS; DOG TREATS; WILD BOAR; SWINE; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES AB Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted RNA virus that causes both epidemic and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis. Despite serosurveys showing antibody to HEV in up to 36% of the US population, acute hepatitis E has been reported among individuals with no history of international travel only three times in the United States. We report a case of apparently locally acquired hepatitis E that occurred in El Paso, Texas that was 98% similar to a previously isolated HEV found in swine in the United States. Like the three previous cases, a thorough investigation found no conclusive sources of infection. Active case surveillance found no additional cases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. El Paso City Cty Hlth & Environm Dist, El Paso, TX USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, El Paso, TX USA. RP Amon, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM joe_j_amon@yahoo.com NR 38 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 78 IS 6 BP 741 EP 746 DI 10.1002/jmv.20617 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 040ID UT WOS:000237371300006 PM 16628579 ER PT J AU Hammond, DR Earnest, GS Hall, RM Feng, A AF Hammond, DR Earnest, GS Hall, RM Feng, A TI An evaluation of conditions that may affect the performance of houseboat exhaust stacks in prevention of carbon monoxide poisonings from generators SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; engineering control; exhaust stack; houseboats; poisoning; side exhaust AB National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers evaluated two exhaust stack designs for reducing carbon monoxide (CO) exposures from gasoline-powered generator exhaust on houseboats. Tests were conducted (a) after dark, (b) in high-temperature and highhumidity environments, (c) during temperature inversions, (d) under various generator loads, and (e) at different houseboat trim angles. Two different designs of houseboat exhaust stacks were evaluated and compared with the side-exhaust configuration, which is standard on many houseboats. The two designs were flagpole and vertical stack. Both exhaust stacks performed dramatically better than the standard water level, side-exhaust configuration. The highest mean CO concentrations on the upper and lower decks of the houseboat with the vertical exhaust stack were 27 ppm and 17 ppm. The highest mean CO concentrations on the upper and lower decks of the houseboat with the modified flagpole stack were 5 ppm and 2 ppm. These findings are much lower than the 67 ppm and 341 ppm for the highest mean CO concentrations found on the upper and lower decks of houseboats having the usual side-exhausted configuration. The NIOSH evaluation also indicated that high-temperature and high-humidity levels, temperature inversions, generator loading, and houseboat trim angles had little effect on the exhaust stack performance. It also demonstrated the importance of proper design and installation of exhaust stacks to ensure that all exhaust gases are released through the stack. Based on the results of this work, NIOSH investigators continue to recommend that houseboat manufacturers, rental companies, and owners retrofit their gasoline-powered generators with exhaust stacks to reduce the hazard of CO poisoning and death to individuals on or near the houseboat. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Hammond, DR (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ahzO@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 6 BP 308 EP 316 DI 10.1080/15459620600691249 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 045LM UT WOS:000237743600004 PM 16627369 ER PT J AU Bowman, J Niple, J Kavet, R AF Bowman, J Niple, J Kavet, R TI Pilot measurements of ELF contact currents in some electric utility occupations SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE contact currents; ELF; exposure measurements; instrumentation ID HUMAN-BODY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ASSOCIATION; VOLTAGE; HUMANS AB Contact currents from touching objects with different voltages can produce electric fields within the body that produce neurological and other biological effects. To begin measuring these exposures among electric utility workers, a new contact current meter (CCM) was tested in a pilot study at Southern California Edison. The CCM was worn for 82 full-shift measurements by 76 volunteers from eight occupations who did not work directly with energized electrical equipment. The volunteers were exposed to an average of 285.8 contact current events above the meter's 1-mu A threshold, but most of these were electrostatic spark discharges. Fourteen employees experienced an average of 135.1 contact currents events whose primary frequency was 60 HZ. Using a circuit model of the human body, the average contact currents going from arm to annwas 9.8 mu A (maximum= 178.01 mu A), and the average going down the torso was 25.5 mu A (maximum=662.0). The maximum exposures were experienced by a technical support employee working in a substation. All measurements in this pilot study were below the 3000 mu A maximum permissible exposure for contact currents set by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). Combining these current measurements with the results of high-resolution dosimetry, the internal electric fields averaged an estimated 1.7 mV/m in the heart (maximum = 21.0 mV/m), and 1.9 mV/m in the hematopoietic bone marrow in the torso (maximum = 56.5 mV/m). These internal electric fields from contact currents are below the basic restriction of 943 mV/m in the IEEE exposure standards but are above I mV/m, a level where biological effects have been often reported in laboratory studies. Safety concerns limited the measurements to de-energized equipment, so we did not obtain data on work in energized high-voltage environments, the most likely sources of high contact currents. This pilot study identified other improvements to the contact current meter that would make it better able to measure exposures in future health studies. C1 NIOSH, Phys Hazards Team, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Enertech Consultants, Campbell, CA USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Bowman, J (reprint author), NIOSH, Phys Hazards Team, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM jdb0@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 6 BP 323 EP 333 DI 10.1080/15459620600697642 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 045LM UT WOS:000237743600006 PM 16718950 ER PT J AU Potula, V Kleinbaum, D Kaye, W AF Potula, V Kleinbaum, D Kaye, W TI Lead exposure and spine bone mineral density SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BLOOD LEAD; LOW-LEVEL; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; ELDERLY-WOMEN; SEX STEROIDS; LONG-TERM; OSTEOPOROSIS; TOXICITY AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess changes in spine BMD over time in relation to changes in bone and blood lead levels and baseline risk factors among female former smelter workers in Bunker Hill, Idaho. Methods: Spine BMD was measured using Norland XR-26 X-Ray bone densitometer. Cd109 K XRF system was used to estimate tibia bone lead content. Blood lead levels were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption with Zeeman effect background correction. Information about risk factors was obtained through a questionnaire. Results: In the final backward stepwise multivariate regression model after controlling for baseline BMD, baseline blood lead measured in 1994 and time since menopause; spine bone density in 2000 decreased with increasing blood lead levels in 2000 in all these women, especially if they worked in a technical job (miner) most of the time at the smelter. Conclusions: Blood lead may adversely affect bone mineral density. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Potula, V (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd E31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Vbp6@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 48 IS 6 BP 556 EP 564 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000222556.89044.90 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 053UV UT WOS:000238332100003 PM 16766919 ER PT J AU Hnizdo, E Sircar, K Glindmeyer, HW Petsonk, EL AF Hnizdo, E Sircar, K Glindmeyer, HW Petsonk, EL TI Longitudinal limits of normal decline in lung function in an individual SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; SPIROMETRY; STATEMENT; DISEASE AB Objectives: The objectives of this study were to propose a method of calculating longitudinal limits Of normal decline (LAD) in forced expiratory volume in I second to identify individuals with an excessive decline in lung function and to compare the method with other published LAD methods. Methods: We used longitudinal data from 11 workplace-based spirometric monitoring programs conducted from 1987 to 2001 on 12,729 workers to evaluate effectiveness of each LAD method in identifying a "true" excessive decline in forced expiratory volume in I second defined using two criteria: slope > 60 mL/year or > 90 mL/year estimated over 5 or more Years of follow up. Results: In. comparison to the LAD proposed by the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, the proposed method had 5.0 to 2.7 times higher sensitivity over years I through 5 for the > 60-mL/yr criterion. Conclusions: The proposed LAD method was more effective than the other methods for identifying excessive declines. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Tulsa Med Sch, Dept Med, Sect Pulm Crit Care & Environm Med, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Hnizdo, E (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM ehnizdo@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 48 IS 6 BP 625 EP 634 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000214351.18905.48 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 053UV UT WOS:000238332100011 PM 16766927 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Wong, LY Correa, A Gambrell, D Friedman, JM AF Rasmussen, Sonja A. Wong, Lee-Yang Correa, Adolfo Gambrell, Don Friedman, J. M. TI Survival in infants with Down syndrome, Metropolitan Atlanta, 1979-1998 SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-DEATH-INDEX; CONGENITAL HEART-DEFECTS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; LIFE EXPECTANCY; VITAL STATUS; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; RISK; BORN AB Objective Factors influencing survival among persons with Down syndrome (DS) are not well understood. We sought to evaluate survival of infants with DS and potential prognostic factors. Study design Infants with DS who were born alive during 1979 to 1998 were identified using the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), a population-based surveillance system. To document vital status, we used data from hospital records, the National Death Index (NDI), and Georgia vital records. We estimated survival probability using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method and hazard ratios using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results Survival probability to 1 year was 92.9% (95% Cl: 90.9-94.9) and to 10 years was 88.6% (95% Cl: 85.0-92.2). Univariate analysis demonstrated that black maternal race, low birth weight, preterm birth, lower paternal education, presence of heart defects, and presence of other major congenital anomalies were important prognostic factors. After multivariate analysis, maternal race, presence of heart defects, low birth weight, and an interaction between maternal race and presence of heart defects were significantly associated with mortality risk. Conclusions A racial disparity is apparent in survival for children with Down syndrome. Further study is needed to elucidate possible reasons for the racial disparity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Hlth Invest Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skr9@cdc.gov OI Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928 NR 39 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 148 IS 6 BP 806 EP 812 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.01.010 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 053UZ UT WOS:000238332500023 PM 16769392 ER PT J AU Grossberg, R Harpaz, R Rubtcova, E Loparev, V Seward, JF Schmid, DS AF Grossberg, Richard Harpaz, Rafael Rubtcova, Elena Loparev, Vladimir Seward, Jane F. Schmid, D. Scott TI Secondary transmission of varicella vaccine virus in a chronic care facility for children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID WILD-TYPE STRAINS; ZOSTER-VIRUS; PROFILE AB A 16-year-old varicella-seronegative resident at a chronic care facility received varicella vaccine; 15 days later he developed severe varicella. Subsequently, a 13-year-old resident and a 39-year-old health care worker developed mild varicella. We demonstrate that vaccine-strain virus was transmitted to both persons, and that transmission included at least 2 variant vaccine strains. C1 CDC, NCID, DVRD, Natl VZV Lab,Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hattie Larlham Ctr Children With Disabilities, Mantua, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schmid, DS (reprint author), CDC, NCID, DVRD, Natl VZV Lab,Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 7,Room 230, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SSchmid@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 148 IS 6 BP 842 EP 844 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.01.038 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 053UZ UT WOS:000238332500033 PM 16769402 ER PT J AU Nater, UM Dieter, W Solomon, L Jones, JF Unger, ER Papanicolaou, DA Reeves, WC Heim, C AF Nater, UM Dieter, W Solomon, L Jones, JF Unger, ER Papanicolaou, DA Reeves, WC Heim, C TI Coping styles in people with chronic fatigue syndrome identified from the general population of Wichita, KS SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chronic fatigue syndrome; coping; escape-avoiding behavior; population-based study ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY; ILLNESS COGNITIONS; ADOLESCENTS; PERSONALITY; DEFINITION; SAMPLE AB Objective: Studies of primary and tertiary care patients suggest that maladaptive coping styles contribute to the pathogenesis and maintenance of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We assessed coping styles in persons with unexplained fatigue and nonfatigued controls in a population-based study. Methods: We enrolled 43 subjects meeting the 1994 Research Case Definition of CFS, matching them with 61 subjects with chronic unexplained fatigue who did not meet criteria for CFS [we term them insufficient symptoms or fatigue (ISF)] and 60 non-ill (NI) controls. Coping styles and clinical features of CFS were assessed using standard rating scales. Results: Subjects with CFS and ISF reported significantly more escape-avoiding behavior than NI controls. There were no differences between the CFS and ISF subjects. Among participants with CFS, escape-avoiding behavior was associated with fatigue severity, pain, and disability. Conclusions: We demonstrate significantly higher reporting of maladaptive coping in a population-based sample of people with CFS and other unexplained fatiguing illnesses defined by reproducible standardized clinical empirical means in comparison to NI controls. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Heim, C (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 101 Woodruff Circle,WMRB,Suite 4311, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM cmheim@emory.edu RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009; Nater, Urs/J-6898-2013; OI Nater, Urs/0000-0002-2430-5090; Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 40 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3999 J9 J PSYCHOSOM RES JI J. Psychosomat. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 60 IS 6 BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.001 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 051AQ UT WOS:000238133100004 PM 16731231 ER PT J AU Driscoll, D Rojas-Smith, L Sotnikov, S Gadsden-Knowles, K Perry, NB Lenaway, DD Halverson, PK AF Driscoll, D Rojas-Smith, L Sotnikov, S Gadsden-Knowles, K Perry, NB Lenaway, DD Halverson, PK TI An instrument for assessing public health system performance: Validity in rural settings SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Purpose: This study evaluated the validity and utility of the Local Public Health System Assessment Instrument (Local Instrument) of the National Public Health Performance Standards Program in rural settings. Methods: The study compared the Local Instrument scores of 6 rural local public health systems to external assessments of those public health systems. The 6 public health systems represented 3 states in which 1 of the 2 local jurisdictions had scored well below and the other well above the state median in a pilot test of the Local Instrument. The study design featured a case study approach consisting of an iterative and integrated combination of semistructured individual and focus group interviews along with the collection of archival materials provided by the 6 public health systems. Findings: Despite differences in Local Instrument scores, the representative public health systems in each state provided roughly the same levels of public health services. Sites varied tremendously in the percentage of survey items rated highly or less relevant. Conclusions: The National Public Health Performance Standards Program Local Instrument can provide a useful structure and process for assessing public health system performance at the local level. Key informants provided several recommendations to improve the Local Instrument, including clarification of difficult terminology and acronyms, and development of multiple instruments structured around subsets of survey items. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Pract Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Driscoll, D (reprint author), RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM driscoll@rti.org NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD SUM PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2006.00041.x PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 053NI UT WOS:000238311400011 PM 16824171 ER PT J AU Edwards, R Smith, KR Kirby, B Allen, T Litton, CD Hering, S AF Edwards, R Smith, KR Kirby, B Allen, T Litton, CD Hering, S TI An inexpensive dual-chamber particle monitor: Laboratory characterization SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AEROSOLS AB In developing countries, high levels of particle pollution from the use of coal and biomass fuels for household cooking and heating are a major cause of ill health and premature mortality. The cost and complexity of existing monitoring equipment, combined with the need to sample many locations, make routine quantification of household particle pollution levels difficult. Recent advances in technology, however, have enabled the development of a small, portable, data-logging particle monitor modified from commercial smoke alarm technology that can meet the needs of surveys in the developing world at reasonable cost. Laboratory comparisons of a prototype particle monitor developed at the University of California at Berkeley (UCB) with gravimetric filters, a tapered element oscillating microbalance, and a TSI DustTrak to quantify the UCB particle monitor response as a function of both concentration and particle size and to examine sensor response in relation to changes in temperature, relative humidity, and elevation are presented here. UCB particle monitors showed good linearity in response to different concentrations of laboratory-generated oleic acid aerosols with a coarse (mass median diameter, 2.1 mu m) and fine (mass median diameter, 0.27-0.42 mu m) size distributions (average r(2) = 0.997 +/- 0.005). The photoelectric and ionization chamber showed a wide range of responses based on particle size and, thus, require calibration with the aerosol of interest. The ionization chamber was five times more sensitive to fine rather than coarse particles, whereas the photoelectric chamber was five times more sensitive to coarse than fine. The ratio of the response between the two sensors has the potential for mass calibration of individual data points based on estimated parameters of the size distribution. The results demonstrate the significant potential of this monitor, which will facilitate the evaluation of interventions (improved fuels, stoves, and ventilation) on indoor air pollution levels and research on the impacts of indoor particle levels on health in. developing countries. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Social Ecol, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Aerosol Dynam, Berkeley, CA USA. EME, Berkeley, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Edwards, R (reprint author), 268 Social Ecol 1, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM edwardsr@uci.edu NR 10 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 6 BP 789 EP 799 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 051QP UT WOS:000238176000008 PM 16805403 ER PT J AU Salkeld, DJ Eisen, RJ Antolin, MF Stapp, P Eisen, L AF Salkeld, Daniel J. Eisen, Rebecca J. Antolin, Michael F. Stapp, Paul Eisen, Lars TI Host usage and seasonal activity patterns of Ixodes kingi and I-sculptus (Acari : Ixodidae) nymphs in a Colorado prairie landscape, with a summary of published North American host records for all life stages SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes kingi; Ixodes sculptus; host records; rodents; seasonality ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; SALT LAKE DESERT; TICK FEVER VIRUS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; SPINIPALPIS TICKS; BABESIA-MICROTI; GROUND-SQUIRREL; ENZOOTIC CYCLE; SMALL MAMMALS; SOUTH-DAKOTA AB We examined host usage and seasonal activity patterns of the nymphal stage of the ticks Ixodes kingi and L sculptus within a prairie rodent community in north-central Colorado. Ixodes kingi was commonly encountered on both northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) and thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), whereas L sculptus frequently infested S. tridecemlineatus but was absent from O. leucogaster. Low numbers of ticks of both species were collected from deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and Ord's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii). Nymphal loads of L kingi and L sculptus increased dramatically on commonly infested rodent species from spring (May-June) to summer (July-August). Further, rodents trapped on prairie-dog towns tended to experience increased nymphal loads of L kingi (O. leucogaster, S. tridecemlineatus) but decreased loads of L sculptus (S. tridecemlineatus) following plague epizootics among prairie dog populations. A summary of published North American host records revealed that L kingi has been recorded from humans, domestic animals (cat, dog), 17 species of carnivores, 40 species of rodents, and four species of lagomorphs, and that L sculptus has been recorded from humans, domestic animals (cat, dog, goat), 13 species of carnivores, 34 species of rodents, and three species of lagomorphs. In accordance with our observations from Colorado, I. kingi commonly has been found to infest heteromyid and murid rodents (such as grasshopper mice), whereas L sculptus most frequently has been collected from ground-dwelling sciurid rodents, especially Spermophilus ground squirrels. The potential roles of L kingi and L sculptus as enzootic vectors of human pathogens, particularly the agents of tularemia (Francisella tularensis), Q fever (Coxiella burnetii), and Colorado tick fever (CTF virus), are discussed. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. World Conservat Union, Washington, DC 20009 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. RP Eisen, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 93 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 16 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 EI 1948-7134 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 168 EP 180 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2006)31[168:HUASAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 062HX UT WOS:000238936300023 PM 16859106 ER PT J AU Mixson, TR Lydy, SL Dasch, GA Real, LA AF Mixson, Tonya R. Lydy, Shari L. Dasch, Gregory A. Real, Leslie A. TI Inferring the population structure and demographic history of the tick, Amblyomma antericanum Linnaeus SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; population genetics; demographic history; population expansion ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMERICANUM L. ACARI; SEQUENCE VARIATION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; UNITED-STATES; DROSOPHILA-PSEUDOOBSCURA; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; STATISTICAL TESTS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; IXODES-URIAE AB A hierarchial population genetic study was conducted oil 703 individual Amblyomma americanium from nine populations in Georgia, U.S.A. Populations were sampled from the Coastal Plain, midland Piedmont region, and the upper Piedmont region. Twenty-nine distinct haplotypes were found. A minimum spanning tree was constructed that indicated these haplotypes comprised two lineages, the root of which was distinctly star-like. The majority of the variation found was among ticks within each Population, indicating high amounts of gene flow and little genetic differentiation between the three regions. An overall F-ST value of 0.006 supported the lack of genetic structuring between collection sites in Georgia. Mantel regression analysis revealed no isolation by distance. Signatures Of Population expansion were detected in the shapes of the mismatch distribution and tests of neutrality. The absence of genetic differentiation combined with the rejection of the null model of isolation by distance may indicate recent range expansion in Georgia Or insufficient time to reach ail equilibrium where genetic drift may have affected allele frequencies. Alternatively. the high degree of panmixia found within A. americanum in Georgia may be due to bird-mediated dispersal of ticks increasing the genetic similarity between geographically separated populations. C1 Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Grad Div Biomed & Biol Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mixson, TR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Grad Div Biomed & Biol Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2006)31[181:ITPSAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 062HX UT WOS:000238936300024 PM 16859107 ER PT J AU Reid, SP Leung, LW Hartman, AL Martinez, O Shaw, ML Carbonnelle, C Volchkov, VE Nichol, ST Basler, CF AF Reid, SP Leung, LW Hartman, AL Martinez, O Shaw, ML Carbonnelle, C Volchkov, VE Nichol, ST Basler, CF TI Ebola virus VP24 binds karyopherin alpha 1 and blocks STAT1 nuclear accumulation SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DENDRITIC CELLS; MARBURG VIRUSES; INTERFERON-ANTAGONIST; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES AB Ebola virus (EBOV) infection blocks cellular production of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) and the ability of cells to respond to IFN-alpha/beta or IFN-gamma. The EBOV VP35 protein has previously been identified as an EBOV-encoded inhibitor of IFN-alpha/beta production. However, the mechanism by which EBOV infection inhibits responses to IFNs has not previously been defined. Here we demonstrate that the EBOV VP24 protein functions as an inhibitor of IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma signaling. Expression of VP24 results in an inhibition of IFN-induced gene expression and an inability of IFNs to induce an antiviral state. The VP24-mediated inhibition of cellular responses to IFNs correlates with the impaired nuclear accumulation of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 (PY-STAT1), a key step in both IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma signaling. Consistent with this proposed function for VP24, infection of cells with EBOV also confers a block to the IFN-induced nuclear accumulation of PY-STAT1. Further, VP24 is found to specifically interact with karyopherin oil, the nuclear localization signal receptor for PY-STAT1, but not with karyopherin alpha 2, alpha 3, or alpha 4. Overexpression of VP24 results in a loss of karyopherin alpha 1-PY-STAT1 interaction, indicating that the VP24-karyopherin alpha 1 interaction contributes to the block to IFN signaling. These data suggest that VP24 is likely to be an important virulence determinant that allows EBOV to evade the antiviral effects of IFNs. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Lyon 1, INSERM, U412, Filovirus Lab, F-69007 Lyon, France. RP Basler, CF (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM chris.basler@mssm.edu RI Leung, Lawrence/E-4439-2010; Volchkov, Viktor/M-7846-2014 OI Leung, Lawrence/0000-0003-3333-3242; Volchkov, Viktor/0000-0001-7896-8706 NR 63 TC 220 Z9 234 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 11 BP 5156 EP 5167 DI 10.1128/JVI.02349-05 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 045PG UT WOS:000237753400006 PM 16698996 ER PT J AU Cardenas, WB Loo, YM Gale, M Hartman, AL Kimberlin, CR Martinez-Sobrido, L Saphire, EO Basler, CF AF Cardenas, WB Loo, YM Gale, M Hartman, AL Kimberlin, CR Martinez-Sobrido, L Saphire, EO Basler, CF TI Ebola virus VP35 protein binds double-stranded RNA and inhibits alpha/beta interferon production induced by RIG-I signaling SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; NF-KAPPA-B; C-TERMINAL DOMAINS; VACCINIA VIRUS; NS1 PROTEIN; REGULATORY FACTOR-3; ANTIVIRAL RESPONSE; ADAPTER PROTEIN; BETA-INTERFERON; E3L GENE AB The Ebola virus (EBOV) VP35 protein blocks the virus-induced phosphorylation and activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), a transcription factor critical for the induction of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) expression. However, the mechanism(s) by which this blockage occurs remains incompletely defined. We now provide evidence that VP35 possesses double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding activity. Specifically, VP35 bound to poly(rI) - poly(rC)-coated Sepharose beads but not control beads. In contrast, two VP35 point mutants, R312A and K309A, were found to be greatly impaired in their dsRNA-binding activity. Competition assays showed that VP35 interacted specifically with poly(rI) - poly(rC), poly(rA) - poly(rU), or in vitro-transcribed dsRNAs derived from EBOV sequences, and not with single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs) or double-stranded DNA. We then screened wild-type and mutant VP35s for their ability to target different components of the signaling pathways that activate IRF-3. These experiments indicate that VP35 blocks activation of IRF-3 induced by overexpression of RIG-I, a cellular helicase recently implicated in the activation of IRF-3 by either virus or dsRNA. Interestingly, the VP35 mutants impaired for dsRNA binding have a decreased but measurable IFN antagonist activity in these assays. Additionally, wild-type and dsRNA-binding-mutant VP35s were found to have equivalent abilities to inhibit activation of the IFN-beta promoter induced by overexpression of IPS-1, a recently identified signaling molecule downstream of RIG-I, or by overexpression of the IRF-3 kinases IKKF epsilon and TBK-1. These data support the hypothesis that dsRNA binding may contribute to VP35 IFN antagonist function. However, additional mechanisms of inhibition, at a point proximal to the IRF-3 kinases, most likely also exist. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Dallas, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Basler, CF (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Box 1124,1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM chris.basler@mssm.edu RI Saphire, Erica/A-7055-2009; OI Hartman, Amy/0000-0002-0857-2973; Cardenas, Washington/0000-0001-6829-1295; Gale, Michael/0000-0002-6332-7436 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 053423, AI 053571, AI 057158, AI 059536, AI 060389, R01 AI059536, R01 AI060389, R21 AI053571, R56 AI060389, U54 AI057158] NR 72 TC 225 Z9 240 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 11 BP 5168 EP 5178 DI 10.1128/JVI.02199-05 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 045PG UT WOS:000237753400007 PM 16698997 ER PT J AU Briese, T Bird, B Kapoor, V Nichol, ST Lipkin, WI AF Briese, T Bird, B Kapoor, V Nichol, ST Lipkin, WI TI Batai and Ngari viruses: M segment reassortment and association with severe febrile disease outbreaks in East Africa SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; INFECTED MOSQUITOS; BUNYAMWERA GROUP; BUNYAVIRUS; NEUTRALIZATION; SEQUENCE; GUAROA AB Ngari virus is an orthobunyavirus recently recognized as a reassortant between Bunyamwera virus and an as yet unidentified M segment donor. Analysis of M segment sequences of Batai and Ilesha viruses revealed 95% deduced amino acid identity between Batai virus and Ngari virus. These findings suggest Batai virus as the donor of Ngari virus M segment sequence. Analysis of Batai virus-related African isolates identified UgMP-6830, isolated from mosquitoes in Uganda, as an isolate of Batai virus. KV-141, isolated during a febrile disease outbreak in Sudan, was identified as another isolate of Ngari virus, emphasizing a role of this reassortant virus in severe human illness throughout East Africa. C1 Columbia Univ, Jerome L & Dawn Greene Infect Dis Lab, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Briese, T (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Jerome L & Dawn Greene Infect Dis Lab, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM thomas.briese@columbia.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 056118-02, R21 AI056118] NR 21 TC 72 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 11 BP 5627 EP 5630 DI 10.1128/JVI.02448-05 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 045PG UT WOS:000237753400053 PM 16699043 ER PT J AU Parker, CS Boulet, SL Atrash, H AF Parker, Christopher S. Boulet, Sheree L. Atrash, Hani TI Improving women's health for the sake of our children SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Improving the health of our children offers the greatest potential for improving the health of our nation. One paradigm for improving the health of children that may offer the greatest rate of return lies in improving the health of women. Throughout the complete life stages of both women and children, overall good health of women positively influences the health and wellness of our children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parker, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cparker@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 475 EP 479 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.475 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 061PZ UT WOS:000238886000001 PM 16796474 ER PT J AU Jotkowitz, A Oh, J Tu, C Elkin, D Pollack, LA Kerpen, H AF Jotkowitz, Alan Oh, Jeong Tu, Conan Elkin, Dmitriy Pollack, Lori A. Kerpen, Howard TI The use of personal digital assistants among medical residents SO MEDICAL TEACHER LA English DT Article ID STUDENTS AB The purpose of this study was to determine residents' perception of the utility of personal digital assistants (PDAs) and their influence on clinical practice at two teaching hospitals, one of which subsidized resident purchase of a PDA. A total of 21 residents in the unsubsidized group (32%) and 24 residents in the subsidized group (96%) owned a PDA. Medical residents who were provided with PDAs perceived them to be less useful than residents who were not provided with them. Palm owners in both groups responded that they used these devices to organize their record keeping and the most frequently used programs were pharmacopoeias, medical reference and clinical calculators. Residents quickly adapted PDA to clinical care and further research is needed to assess their impact on resident education and patient outcomes. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Soroka Med Ctr, Dept Med, Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gen Internal Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, Dept Med, New Hyde Pk, NY 11042 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jotkowitz, A (reprint author), Moshe Prywes Ctr Med Educ, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM ajotkowitz@hotmail.com NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-159X J9 MED TEACH JI Med. Teach. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 4 BP 382 EP 384 DI 10.1080/01421590600607914 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 064WB UT WOS:000239119500019 PM 16807183 ER PT J AU Butaye, P Michael, GB Schwarz, S Barrett, TJ Brisabois, A White, DG AF Butaye, Patrick Michael, Geovana B. Schwarz, Stefan Barrett, Timothy J. Brisabois, Anne White, David G. TI The clonal spread of multidrug-resistant non-typhi Salmonella serotypes SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE antibiotic; resistance; Salmonella; epidemiology ID SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM DT104; MULTIPLE-DRUG RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; GENOMIC ISLAND-1; BETA-LACTAMASE; UNITED-STATES; ENTERICA; NEWPORT; CATTLE; INFECTIONS AB Non-typhoid Salmonella are one of the most important organisms causing food-borne diseases worldwide. There have been significant increases in developed countries in recent years in the occurrence of resistance, in particular multidrug resistance phenotypes, in non-typhoid Salmonella spp. Such increases have been observed in many countries, not only within the European community but also the Americas and Southeast Asia. Of particular concern is the increasing detection of Salmonella isolates displaying resistance to key antimicrobials, notably fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. An important factor associated with this increase in multidrug resistance among particular Salmonella spp. is the national and international spread of certain clonal genotypes, the most recent being the global epidemic spread of multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium DT104, since the early 1990s. In this review, we describe examples where particular antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella serotypes emerged, persisted for periods of time, and then quickly decreased in prevalence. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Vet & Agrochem Res Ctr, CODA, CERVA, VAR, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Inst Tierzucht Bundesforschungsanstalt Landwirtsc, D-31535 Neustadt, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Agence Francaise Securite Sanitaire Aliments, Unite Caracterisat & Epidemiol Bacterienne, Maisons Alfort, France. US FDA, Off Res, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Butaye, P (reprint author), Vet & Agrochem Res Ctr, CODA, CERVA, VAR, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM pabut@var.fgov.be NR 38 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1891 EP 1897 DI 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.12.020 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 079CS UT WOS:000240153700028 PM 16714135 ER PT J AU Arlet, G Barrett, TJ Butaye, P Cloeckaert, A Mulvey, MR White, DG AF Arlet, Guillaume Barrett, Timothy J. Butaye, Patrick Cloeckaert, Axel Mulvey, Michael R. White, David G. TI Salmonella resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins: prevalence and epidemiology SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; extended-spectrum cephalosporins; antibiotic resistance ID AMPC BETA-LACTAMASE; ENTERICA SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; MULTIPLE-ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; FOOD-PRODUCING ANIMALS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; SUBSP ENTERICA; CEFTRIAXONE RESISTANCE; NONTYPHOID SALMONELLA AB Salmonella resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) have emerged worldwide since 1988. By 2004, 43 countries had reported this public health problem. Resistance was mediated by classical extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases, and recently a class A carbapenemase. Of these, CMY-2 is the most widely disseminated enzyme. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and S. enterica serotype Enteritidis are the most common serovars associated with ESC resistance in human infections. Many outbreaks in humans have been reported, most often among children and neonates. ESC-resistant Salmonella is frequently recovered from animals and food, with poultry as primary food source, suggesting that humans are often infected by these routes. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Fac Med Pierre & Marie Curie, UPRES EA2392, Dept Bacteriol, F-75012 Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet & Agrochem Res Ctr, VAR CODA CERVA, Dept Bacteriol & Immunol, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. INRA, Unite BioAgresseurs Sante Environm, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. Natl Microbiol Lab, Antimicrobial Resistance & Nosocomial Infect, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Div Anim & Food Microbiol, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Arlet, G (reprint author), Fac Med Pierre & Marie Curie, UPRES EA2392, Dept Bacteriol, 27 Rue Chaligny, F-75012 Paris, France. EM guillaume.arlet@tnn.aphp.fr NR 99 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1945 EP 1954 DI 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.12.029 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 079CS UT WOS:000240153700034 PM 16714134 ER PT J AU Broaders, SA Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Talkington, DF AF Broaders, SA Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Talkington, DF TI Mycoplasma pneumoniae subtype-independent induction of proinflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma pneumoniae subtype; monocytes; interleukin-1 beta; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; interleukin-6; interleukin-8 ID PROTEIN-KINASE PATHWAYS; MEMBRANE LIPOPROTEINS; ATTACHMENT ORGANELLE; EPITHELIAL MONOLAYERS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CYTADHESIN GENE; HUMAN MONOCYTES; EXHIBITS SIZE; CYTADHERENCE; INFECTION AB Mycoplasma pneumoniae can be divided into two main subtypes depending on the amino acid sequences of the P 1 adhesin and the P65 protein, both located in the attachment organelle. Differences between these subtypes in infectivity, virulence and interaction with host cells have not been extensively studied. Using ELISA to measure released protein and real-time PCR to quantify mRNA, we have demonstrated that both M. pneumoniae subtypes significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) at comparable levels in THP-1 cells over a 72 h period of time. However, subtype 2 induced a statistically significant increase (P < 0.001) in the release of interleukin-1 beta at 24 h post-infection compared to subtype 1. These data provide evidence that the induction of proinflammatory cytokine gene and protein expression by M. pneumoniae is not dependent on the infecting subtype. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Talkington, DF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dft1@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 6 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2006.03.002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 056OF UT WOS:000238533300006 PM 16678382 ER PT J AU Karls, RK Guarner, J McMurray, DN Birkness, KA Quinn, FD AF Karls, RK Guarner, J McMurray, DN Birkness, KA Quinn, FD TI Examination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sigma factor mutants using low-dose aerosol infection of guinea pigs suggests a role for SigC in pathogenesis SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID GENE; MICE; LACKING; PERSISTENCE; MUTAGENESIS; EXPRESSION; GRANULOMAS; MORTALITY; VIRULENCE; GROWTH AB Secondary sigma factors in bacteria direct transcription of defence regulons in response to specific stresses. To identify which sigma factors in the human respiratory pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis are important for adaptive survival in vivo, defined null mutations were created in individual sigma factor genes. In this study, in vitro growth virulence and guinea pig pathology of M. tuberculosis mutants lacking functional sigma factors (SigC, SigF, or SigM) were compared to the parent strain, H37Rv. None of the mutant strains exhibited a growth deficiency in Middlebrook 7H9 broth, nor were any impaired for intracellular replication in the human monocytic macrophage cell-line THP-1. Following low-dose aerosol infection of guinea pigs, however, differences could be detected. While a SigM mutant resulted in lung and spleen granulomas of comparable composition to those found in H37Rv-infected animals, a SigF mutant was partially attenuated, exhibiting necrotic spleen granulomas and ill-defined lung granulomas. SigC mutants exhibited attenuation in the lung and spleen; notably, necrotic granulomas were absent. These data suggest that while SigF may be important for survival in the lung, SigC is likely a key regulator of pathogenesis and adaptive survival in the lung and spleen. Understanding how SigC mediates survival in the host should prove useful in the development of anti-tuberculosis therapies. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycobacteriol Lab Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Quinn, FD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fquinn@vet.uga.edu RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 29 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD JUN PY 2006 VL 152 BP 1591 EP 1600 DI 10.1099/mic.028591-0 PN 6 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 056ZL UT WOS:000238563800003 PM 16735723 ER PT J AU Cox, S Posner, SF McPheeters, M Jamieson, DJ Kourtis, AP Meikle, S AF Cox, Shanna Posner, Samuel F. McPheeters, Melissa Jamieson, Denise J. Kourtis, Athena P. Meikle, Susan TI Hospitalizations with respiratory illness among pregnant women during influenza season SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB OBJECTIVE: To examine hospitalizations with respiratory illness among pregnant women in the United States during periods of influenza activity. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest publicly available all-payer hospital discharge database. Hospitalizations for respiratory illness and pregnancy were classified with International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Analyses were stratified by delivery status. Discharge characteristics, length of stay, and complications of delivery among hospitalized pregnant women with and those without respiratory illness were compared. RESULTS: During the 1998-2002 influenza seasons, 3.4 per 1,000 hospitalizations of pregnant women included diagnoses of respiratory illness. Characteristics of pregnancy hospitalizations associated with higher odds of respiratory illness were presence of a high-risk condition for which influenza vaccination is recommended (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.2, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 3.0-3.5 and OR 6.0, 95% Cl 5.2-6.9 for nondelivery and delivery, respectively), Medicaid/Medicare as primary expected payer of care (OR 1.2, 95% Cl 1.1-1.3 and OR 1.9, 95% Cl 1.7-2.2 for nondelivery and delivery, respectively), and hospitalization in a rural area (OR 1.2, 95% Cl 1.1-1.4 for nondelivery). During influenza season, hospitalized pregnant women with respiratory illness had significantly longer lengths of stay and higher odds of delivery complications than hospitalized pregnant women without respiratory illness. CONCLUSION: Hospitalizations with respiratory illness among pregnant women during influenza season are associated with increased burden for patients and the health care system. Intervention efforts to decrease influenza-related respiratory morbidity among pregnant women should be encouraged. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Michigan, Hlth Syst, Div Gen Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Posner, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway MS K-20, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM shp5@cdc.gov RI Cox, Shanna/F-4806-2011; OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 14 TC 94 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1315 EP 1322 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000218702.92005.bb PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 095GS UT WOS:000241296800016 PM 16738158 ER PT J AU Andresen, EM Tang, JJ Barney, KF AF Andresen, Elena M. Tang, Janet J. Barney, Karen F. TI The importance of occupational therapy contributions to health services research SO OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE health services research; scholarship; interdisciplinary recognition ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; REHABILITATION; OUTCOMES AB Health care delivery includes a backdrop of constrained resources and scrutiny of quality, benefits, and cost of services. The peer-reviewed evidence supporting the benefits of occupational therapy is therefore of considerable importance in the debate about what constitutes reimbursable therapies. This article identifies the scope of occupational therapy research articles in recent published literature. MEDLINE and CINAHL were searched for "occupational therapy" from January 1996 through October 2002. Articles were coded by content, journal, and country. Journal ratings for "impact" also were reviewed. A total of 3,391 articles met inclusion criteria and 868 (25.6%) were classified as research, among which more than half (55.0%) were published in occupational therapy journals. Within occupational therapy journals, 21.4% of scholarship identified as occupational therapy was classified as research compared to 42.9% of the articles in rehabilitation medicine journals. Occupational therapy scholarship is in danger of being omitted in the current debates on health care delivery, costs, and quality. More transdisciplinary research may be one avenue for expanding occupational therapy research. C1 St Louis Univ, Dept Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, Edward & Margaret Doisy Coll Hlth Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Gainesville, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barney, KF (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, Edward & Margaret Doisy Coll Hlth Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM barneykf@slu.edu NR 31 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 1539-4492 J9 OTJR-OCCUP PART HEAL JI OTJR-Occup. Particip. Health PD SUM PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 108 EP 116 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 066FI UT WOS:000239214700004 ER PT J AU Charles, MD Holman, RC Curns, AT Parashar, UD Glass, RI Bresee, JS AF Charles, MD Holman, RC Curns, AT Parashar, UD Glass, RI Bresee, JS TI Hospitalizations associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis in the United States, 1993-2002 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; gastroenteritis; United States; hospitalizations ID IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; MORBIDITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; MORTALITY; VACCINES; TRENDS AB Background : In the United States, rotavirus gastroenteritis remains a common disease of children that results in many hospitalizations, clinic visits and medical costs. It is a common cause of morbidity and is associated with a high economic burden in developing countries. Prevention of hospitalizations is the primary target of rotavirus vaccines. Methods: To update estimates of rotavirus hospitalization rates in the United States, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 10 years of national hospitalization data associated with gastroenteritis and used both direct and indirect methods to estimate the percentage of cases associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis. Results: During 1993-2002, an average of 18% of all hospitalizations with gastroenteritis among children < 5 years old were associated with rotavirus infection as determined by the rotavirus-specific International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification code. The annual proportion of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations increased from 15% in 1993-1995 to 21% in 2000-2002. Hospitalizations associated with rotavirus and those associated with nonspecific gastroenteritis had a marked wintertime seasonality and similar age distribution, which peaked among children between 3 and 24 months old. Using indirect estimation methods, 58,000 to 70,000 rotavirus-associated hospitalizations were estimated to occur each year in the United States. Conclusions: Rotavirus gastroenteritis remains an important cause of hospitalizations in the United States, and the rate has not declined from 1993 through 2002. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bresee, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jbresee@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 489 EP 493 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000215234.91997.21 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 055EH UT WOS:000238432300004 PM 16732145 ER PT J AU Ray, GT Whitney, CG Fireman, BH Ciuryla, V Black, SB AF Ray, GT Whitney, CG Fireman, BH Ciuryla, V Black, SB TI Cost-effectiveness of pneurnococcal conjugate vaccine - Evidence from the first 5 years of use in the United States incorporating herd effects SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; pneumococcus; vaccine; cost; herd immunity ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; PREVENTION; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; YOUNGER AB Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been in routine use in the United States for 5 years. Prior U.S. cost-effectiveness analyses have not taken into account the effect of the vaccine on nonvaccinated persons. Methods: We revised a previously published model to simulate the effects of PCV on children vaccinated between 2000 and 2004, and to incorporate the effect of the vaccine in reducing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in nonvaccinated persons during those years. Data from the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2000-2004) were used to estimate changes in the burden of lPD in nonvaccinated adults since the introduction of PCV (compared with the baseline years 1997-1999). Results combined the simulated effects of the vaccine on the vaccinated and nonvaccinated populations. Results: Before incorporating herd effects in the model, the PCV was estimated to have averted 38,000 cases of IPD during its first 5 years of use at a cost of $112,000 per life-year saved. After incorporating the reductions in IPD for nonvaccinated individuals, the vaccine averted 109,000 cases of IPD at a cost of $7500 per life-year saved. When the herd effect was assumed to be half that of the base case, the cost per life-year saved was $18,000. Conclusions: IPD herd effects in the nonvaccinated population substantially reduce the cost, and substantially improve the cost-effectiveness, of PCV. The cost-effectiveness of PCV in actual use has been more favorable than predicted by estimates created before the vaccine was licensed. C1 Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Med Care Program No Calif Reg, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Wyeth Ayerst Res, Philadelphia, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ray, GT (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Med Care Program No Calif Reg, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM tom.ray@kp.org NR 20 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 494 EP 501 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000222403.42973.8b PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 055EH UT WOS:000238432300005 PM 16732146 ER PT J AU Schulte, DJ Comer, JA Erickson, BR Rollin, PE Nichol, ST Ksiazek, TG Lehman, D AF Schulte, DJ Comer, JA Erickson, BR Rollin, PE Nichol, ST Ksiazek, TG Lehman, D TI Congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus an underdiagnosed cause of neonatal hydrocephalus SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; congenital hydrocephalus; congenital infection ID INFECTION AB We report a case of congenital hydrocephalus caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus with severe neurologic sequelae, including hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, blindness and developmental delay. This is the first report of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus isolation in the cerebrospinal fluid of a congenitally infected infant. C1 Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schulte, DJ (reprint author), Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Div Pediat Infect Dis, 8700 Beverly Blvd,4221, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. EM Danica.Schulte@cshs.org NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 560 EP 562 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000219409.57917.35 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 055EH UT WOS:000238432300018 PM 16732159 ER PT J AU Park, SY Gerber, MA Tanz, RR Hickner, JM Galliher, JM Chuang, I Besser, RE AF Park, SY Gerber, MA Tanz, RR Hickner, JM Galliher, JM Chuang, I Besser, RE TI Clinicians' management of children and adolescents with acute pharyngitis SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE pharyngitis; Streptococcus group A; Streptococcus pyogenes; child; adolescent ID A STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS; ANTIGEN-DETECTION TEST; PARENTAL EXPECTATIONS; SORE THROATS; PEDIATRICIANS; PRINCIPLES; VALIDATION; GUIDELINES; PHYSICIANS; DIAGNOSIS AB OBJECTIVE. Sore throat is a common complaint in children and adolescents. With increasing antimicrobial resistance because of antimicrobial overuse, accurate diagnosis is imperative. Appropriate management of acute pharyngitis depends on proper use and interpretation of clinical findings, rapid antigen-detection tests, and throat cultures. We surveyed pediatricians and family physicians to evaluate their management strategies for children and adolescents with acute pharyngitis and to assess the availability and use of diagnostic tests in office practice. METHODS. In 2004, surveys were mailed to a random sample of 1000 pediatrician members of the American Academy of Pediatrics and 1000 family physician members of the American Academy of Family Physicians. We assessed factors associated with physicians using an appropriate management strategy for treating acute pharyngitis. RESULTS. Of 948 eligible responses, 42% of physicians would start antimicrobials before knowing diagnostic test results and continue them despite negative results, with 27% doing this often or always. When presented with clinical scenarios of patients with acute pharyngitis, <= 23% chose an empirical approach, 32% used an inappropriate strategy for a child with pharyngitis suggestive of group A Streptococcus, and 81% used an inappropriate strategy for a child with findings consistent with viral pharyngitis. Plating cultures in the office was associated with an appropriate management strategy, although not statistically significant. Solo/2-person practice and rural location were both independent factors predicting inappropriate strategies. CONCLUSIONS. There is much room for improvement in the management of acute pharyngitis in children and adolescents. Most physicians use appropriate management strategies; however, a substantial number uses inappropriate ones, particularly for children with likely viral pharyngitis. Efforts to help physicians improve practices will need to be multifaceted and should include health policy and educational approaches. C1 Hawaii Dept Hlth, Dis Outbreak Control Div, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Amer Acad Family Physicians Natl Res Network, Leawood, KS USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Sociol, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Marketing, Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Career Epidemiol Field Officer Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), Hawaii Dept Hlth, Dis Outbreak Control Div, 1132 Bishop St,Suite 1900, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM sarah.park@doh.hawaii.gov NR 22 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 6 BP 1871 EP 1878 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2323 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 048XE UT WOS:000237979000001 PM 16740825 ER PT J AU Malek, MA Curns, AT Holman, RC Fischer, TK Bresee, JS Glass, RI Steiner, CA Parashar, UD AF Malek, Mark A. Curns, Aaron T. Holman, Robert C. Fischer, Thea K. Bresee, Joseph S. Glass, Roger I. Steiner, Claudia A. Parashar, Umesh D. TI Diarrhea- and rotavirus-associated hospitalizations among children less than 5 years of age: United States, 1997 and 2000 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; vaccines; gastroenteritis; rotavirus; hospitalization ID SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; DISEASE; TRENDS; CODE AB OBJECTIVE. A new rotavirus vaccine may be licensed in the United States in early 2006. Estimates of the burden of severe rotavirus disease, particularly hospitalizations, will help evaluate the potential benefits of a national rotavirus immunization program. DESIGN. The Kids' Inpatient Database, a robust sample of 10% of the uncomplicated births and 80% of other pediatric discharges was used to estimate the number and rate of diarrhea- and rotavirus-associated hospitalizations among US children < 5 years of age in 1997 and 2000. RESULTS. In 1997 and 2000, diarrhea was coded in 13% of all childhood hospitalizations, for an estimated cumulative incidence of 1 diarrhea hospitalization per 23 to 27 children by age 5. Most diarrhea-associated hospitalizations (62%) were coded as unspecified etiology, and 35% as viral. Rotavirus was the most common pathogen recorded for 18% and 19% of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations in 1997 and 2000, respectively. Diarrhea-associated hospitalizations coded as unspecified or viral exhibited a marked winter peak similar to that of hospitalizations coded as rotavirus, suggesting that the rotavirus-specific code captures a fraction of all rotavirus hospitalizations. Using indirect methods, we estimated that rotavirus was associated with 51 142-60 155 and 46 839-56 820 hospitalizations in 1997 and 2000, respectively. By these estimates, rotavirus is associated with 4% to 5% of all childhood hospitalizations, and 1 in 67 to 1 in 85 children will be hospitalized with rotavirus by 5 years of age. CONCLUSIONS. Diarrhea is an important cause of hospitalization in US children, and rotavirus is the most important etiology. Disease burden estimates have remained stable during the past decade. An effective rotavirus vaccine will likely reduce substantially the burden of severe rotavirus disease, estimated to account for 4% to 5% of all hospitalizations and similar to 30% of hospitalizations for watery diarrhea among children < 5 years of age. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Healthcare Cost & Utilizat Project, Ctr Delivery Org & Markets, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Malek, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 E Clifton Rd,NE Bldg 3,Room 108,MS A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmalek@cdc.gov OI Fischer, Thea Kolsen/0000-0003-4812-980X NR 19 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 6 BP 1887 EP 1892 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2351 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 048XE UT WOS:000237979000003 PM 16740827 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ Stevenson, J Chu, SY AF Smith, PJ Stevenson, J Chu, SY TI Associations between childhood vaccination coverage, insurance type, and breaks in health insurance coverage SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE insurance; Medicaid; State Children's Health Insurance Program; survey; vaccines ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; CHILDREN AB OBJECTIVES. This study explored how vaccination coverage is associated with not being insured and with insurance type among children who are insured and to show how these associations are modified by race/ethnicity. METHODS. We determined whether 8324 children sampled in the National Immunization Survey in 2001 and 2002 were covered by private insurance only, Medicaid/State Children's Health Insurance Program, or another insurance type or were uninsured at the time of the National Immunization Survey interview or were uninsured at some time before the interview. Children were up to date if, by the date of the interview, their vaccination providers had administered >= 4 doses of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis vaccine, >= 3 doses of polio vaccine, >= 1 dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, >= 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, and >= 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. To evaluate the association between insurance type and breaks in insurance with timely completion of the recommended vaccination schedule soon after 19 months of age, we restricted our analyses to children 19 to 24 months of age. RESULTS. Nationally, 12.6 +/- 1.6% of all children 19 to 24 months of age were uninsured at some time. Children who were uninsured at the time of the National Immunization Survey interview had significantly lower vaccination coverage than did children with Medicaid/State Children's Health Insurance Program coverage or children with private insurance only ( 52.6% vs 70.0% and 75.6%). Children who had never been insured and children who were insured but had a break in insurance coverage in the 12 months immediately preceding the National Immunization Survey interview had significantly lower vaccination coverage than did children who had been insured continuously ( 47.4% and 64.8% vs 73.5%). CONCLUSIONS. Approximately 1 of 8 children were uninsured at some time, and those children were at greater risk of not being vaccinated on time as recommended. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM psmith3@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 6 BP 1972 EP 1978 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2414 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 048XE UT WOS:000237979000014 PM 16740838 ER PT J AU McLaine, P Brown, MJ Simon, P AF McLaine, P Brown, MJ Simon, P TI Home visiting and childhood lead poisoning prevention - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Dept Family Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. RP McLaine, P (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 6 BP 2329 EP 2330 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0848 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 048XE UT WOS:000237979000073 ER PT J AU Lopez, AS Guris, D Zimmerman, L Gladden, L Moore, T Haselow, DT Loparev, VN Schmid, DS Jumaan, AO Snow, SL AF Lopez, AS Guris, D Zimmerman, L Gladden, L Moore, T Haselow, DT Loparev, VN Schmid, DS Jumaan, AO Snow, SL TI One dose of varicella vaccine does not prevent school outbreaks: Is it time for a second dose? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE varicella outbreak; varicella vaccination; varicella vaccination policy; vaccine effectiveness; vaccination coverage ID HEALTHY-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; 2 INJECTIONS; CARE-CENTER; CHICKENPOX; DECLINE; SAFETY AB OBJECTIVES. The implementation of a routine childhood varicella vaccination program in the United States in 1995 has resulted in a dramatic decline in varicella morbidity and mortality. Although disease incidence has decreased, outbreaks of varicella continue to be reported, increasingly in highly vaccinated populations. In 2000, a varicella vaccination requirement was introduced for kindergarten entry in Arkansas. In October 2003, large numbers of varicella cases were reported in a school with high vaccination coverage. We investigated this outbreak to examine transmission patterns of varicella in this highly vaccinated population, to estimate the effectiveness of 1 dose of varicella vaccine, to identify risk factors for vaccine failure, and to implement outbreak control measures. METHODS. A retrospective cohort study involving students attending an elementary school was conducted. A questionnaire was distributed to parents of all of the students in the school to collect varicella disease and vaccination history; parents of varicella case patients were interviewed by telephone. A case of varicella was defined as an acute, generalized, maculopapulovesicular rash without other apparent cause in a student or staff member in the school from September 1 to November 20, 2003. Varicella among vaccinated persons was defined as varicella-like rash that developed > 42 days after vaccination. In vaccinated persons, the rash may be atypical, maculopapular with few or no vesicles. Cases were laboratory confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, and genotyping was performed to identify the strain associated with the outbreak. RESULTS. Of the 545 students who attended the school, 88% returned the questionnaire. Overall varicella vaccination coverage was 96%. Forty-nine varicella cases were identified; 43 were vaccinated. Three of 6 specimens tested were positive by polymerase chain reaction. The median age at vaccination of vaccinated students in the school was 18 months, and the median time since vaccination was 59 months. Forty-four cases occurred in the East Wing, where 275 students in grades kindergarten through 2 were located, and vaccination coverage was 99%. In this wing, varicella attack rates among unvaccinated and vaccinated students were 100% and 18%, respectively. Vaccine effectiveness against varicella of any severity was 82% and 97% for moderate/severe varicella. Vaccinated cases were significantly milder compared with unvaccinated cases. Among the case patients in the East Wing, the median age at vaccination was 18.5 and 14 months among non-case patients. Four cases in the West Wing did not result in further transmission in that wing. The Arkansas strains were the same as the common varicella-zoster virus strain circulating in the United States (European varicella-zoster virus strain). CONCLUSIONS. Although disease was mostly mild, the outbreak lasted for similar to 2 months, suggesting that varicella in vaccinated persons was contagious and that 99% varicella vaccination coverage was not sufficient to prevent the outbreak. This investigation highlights several challenges related to the prevention and control of varicella outbreaks with the 1-dose varicella vaccination program and the need for further prevention of varicella through improved vaccine-induced immunity with a routine 2-dose vaccination program. The challenges include: 1-dose varicella vaccination not providing sufficient herd immunity levels to prevent outbreaks in school settings where exposure can be intense, the effective transmission of varicella among vaccinated children, and the difficulty in the diagnosis of mild cases in vaccinated persons and early recognition of outbreaks for implementing control measures. The efficacy of 2 doses of varicella vaccine compared with 1 dose was assessed in a trial conducted among healthy children who were followed for 10 years. The efficacy for 2 doses was significantly higher than for 1 dose of varicella vaccine. This higher efficacy translated into a 3.3-fold lower risk of developing varicella > 42 days after vaccination in 2- vs 1-dose recipients. Of the children receiving 2 doses, 99% achieved a glycoprotein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay level of >= 5 units (considered a correlate of protection) 6 weeks after vaccination compared with 86% of children who received 1 dose. The 6-week glycoprotein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay level of >= 5 units has been shown to be a good surrogate for protection from natural disease. Ten years after the implementation of the varicella vaccination program, disease incidence has declined dramatically, and vaccination coverage has increased greatly. However, varicella outbreaks continue to occur among vaccinated persons. Although varicella disease among vaccinated persons is mild, they are contagious and able to sustain transmission. As a step toward better control of varicella outbreaks and to reduce the impact on schools and public health officials, in June 2005, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended the use of a second dose of varicella vaccine in outbreak settings. Early recognition of outbreaks is important to effectively implement a 2- dose vaccination response and to prevent more cases. Although the current recommendation of providing a second dose of varicella vaccine during an outbreak offers a tool for controlling outbreaks, a routine 2- dose recommendation would be more effective at preventing cases. Based on published data on immunogenicity and efficacy of 2 doses of varicella vaccine, routine 2-dose vaccination will provide improved protection against disease and further reduce morbidity and mortality from varicella. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Bryant Publ Sch Dist, Bryant, AR USA. RP Lopez, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 78 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 6 BP E1070 EP E1077 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2085 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 048XE UT WOS:000237979000084 PM 16740809 ER PT J AU Marin, BV Kirby, DB Hudes, ES Coyle, KK Gomez, CA AF Marin, BV Kirby, DB Hudes, ES Coyle, KK Gomez, CA TI Boyfriends, girlfriends and teenagers' risk of sexual involvement SO PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENT FEMALES; OLDER BOYFRIENDS; MALE PARTNERS; AGE; BEHAVIORS; INTERCOURSE; HARASSMENT; INITIATION; FATHERS; HEALTH AB CONTEXT. Having a boyfriend or girlfriend, especially on older one, is associated with increased sexual risk in early adolescence. The mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. METHODS. Middle school students in Northern California were surveyed annually from 1997 to 2000. Fora sample of 1,214 males and 1,308 females who were sexually inexperienced in seventh grade, logistic and linear regression were used to explore associations between relationship status in seventh grade and sexual activity in ninth grade, controlling for sixth-grade and eighth-grode characteristics. RESULTS. Males who had had a girlfriend their age by seventh grade were more likely than those who had had no relationship to report sexual activity in ninth grade (odds ratio, 2.1). Similarly, for females, the odds of being sexually active in ninth grade were elevated among those who had had a boyfriend their age (2.9); however, they also were higher among those who had had an older boyfriend than among those who had had one their age (2.1). With sixth-grade risk factors controlled, relationship status in seventh grade remained significant only for females; the association was explained by early menarche and by participation in situations that could lead to sex and riskier peer norms in eighth grade. For males, eighth-grade situations that could lead to sex, Hispanic ethnicity and sixth-grode peer norms explained ninth-grade sexual behavior. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the risk of adolescent sexual activity, parents and communities should encourage youth in middle school, especially females who experience early menarche, to delay serious romantic relationships. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Marin, BV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dougk@etr.org FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH51515] NR 45 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 1538-6341 J9 PERSPECT SEX REPRO H JI Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD JUN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1111/j.1931-2393.2006.tb00063.x PG 8 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 049HD UT WOS:000238005900003 PM 16772188 ER PT J AU Santelli, JS Morrow, B Anderson, JE Lindberg, LD AF Santelli, JS Morrow, B Anderson, JE Lindberg, LD TI Contraceptive use and pregnancy risk among US high school students, 1991-2003 SO PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL BARRIERS; UNITED-STATES; ACCESS AB CONTEXT. Trends in teenagers' contraceptive use have received less attention than trends in adolescent sexual intercourse, despite the importance of contraceptive use to preventing teenage pregnancy. METHODS. Sexually active high school students' use of contraceptives and risk of pregnancy from 1991 to 2003 were examined using data from the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey and published contraceptive failure rates. Changes in pregnancy risk were assessed using weighted least-squares regression. RESULTS: Between 1991 and 2003, contraceptive use improved among sexually active U.S. high school students. Improvements among women included an increase in the proportion reporting condom use at last sex (from 38% to 58%) and declines in the proportions using withdrawal (from 19% to 11%) and no method (18% to 12%).Hormonal method use changed little, as a decline in pill use (from 25916 to 20%) was offset by use of injectables (5% in 2003). Similar patterns were found among men. Women's risk of pregnancy declined 21% over the 12 years. The largest improvements in contraceptive use and pregnancy risk occurred among ninth graders, and whites and blacks. In 2003, 46% of pregnancy risk resulted from failure to use any method of contraception, and 54% resulted from contraceptive failure. CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in the use of contraceptives by sexually active high school students during the 1990s is encouraging. To sustain this trend, programs need to encourage contraceptive use among teenagers who do not use it and to stress consistent and correct use among those who do. C1 Columbia Univ, Heillbrunn Dept Populat & Family Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Alan Guttmacher Inst, New York, NY 10005 USA. RP Santelli, JS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Heillbrunn Dept Populat & Family Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM js2637@columbia.edu NR 27 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 1538-6341 J9 PERSPECT SEX REPRO H JI Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD JUN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 106 EP 111 DI 10.1111/j.1931-2393.2006.tb00067.x PG 6 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 049HD UT WOS:000238005900007 PM 16772192 ER PT J AU Glew, RH Glew, RS Chuang, LT Huang, YS Millson, M Constans, D Vanderjagt, DJ AF Glew, R. H. Glew, R. S. Chuang, L. -T. Huang, Y. -S. Millson, M. Constans, D. Vanderjagt, D. J. TI Amino acid, mineral and fatty acid content of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita spp) and Cyperus esculentus nuts in the Republic of Niger SO PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE amino acids; Cyperus esculentus; fatty acids; Niger; nutrition; pumpkin seeds; trace minerals ID DERIVATIZATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEINS; FOODS; PLANT; PEPO; OILS AB Dried seeds and nuts are widely consumed by indigenous populations of the western Sahel, especially those who inhabit rural areas. In light of the need for quantitative information regarding the content of particular nutrients in these plant foods, we collected dried pumpkin (Cucurbita spp) seeds and nuts of Cyperus esculentus in the Republic of Niger and analyzed them for their content of essential amino acids, minerals and trace elements, and fatty acids. On a dry weight basis, pumpkin seed contained 58.8% protein and 29.8% fat. However, the lysine score of the protein was only 65% relative to the FAO/WHO protein standard. The pumpkin seed contained useful amounts of linoleic (92 mu g/g dry weight) and the following elements (on a mu g per g dry weight basis): potassium (5,790), magnesium (5,690), manganese (49.3), zinc (113), selenium (1.29), copper (15.4), chromium (2.84), and molybdenum (0.81), but low amounts of calcium and iron. Except for potassium (5,573 mu g/g dry weight) and chromium (2.88 mu g/g dry weight), the C. esculentis nuts contained much less of these same nutrients compared to pumpkin seeds. In conclusion, pumpkin seeds represent a useful source of many nutrients essential to humans. The data in this report should of practical value to public health officials in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Adv Study Int Dev, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Abbott Labs, Lipid Res Lab, Ross Prod Div, Columbus, OH USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Vanderjagt, DJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM dvanderjagt@salud.unm.edu NR 23 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-9668 J9 PLANT FOOD HUM NUTR JI Plant Food Hum. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s11130-006-0010-z PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 065FY UT WOS:000239146300001 PM 16770692 ER PT J AU Newton, PN McGready, R Fernandez, F Green, MD Sunjio, M Bruneton, C Phanouvong, S Millet, P Whitty, CJM Talisuna, AO Proux, S Christophel, EM Malenga, G Singhasivanon, P Bojang, K Kaur, H Palmer, K Day, NPJ Greenwood, BM Nosten, F White, NJ AF Newton, Paul N. McGready, Rose Fernandez, Facundo Green, Michael D. Sunjio, Manuela Bruneton, Carinne Phanouvong, Souly Millet, Pascal Whitty, Christopher J. M. Talisuna, Ambrose O. Proux, Stephane Christophel, Eva Maria Malenga, Grace Singhasivanon, Pratap Bojang, Kalifa Kaur, Harparkash Palmer, Kevin Day, Nicholas P. J. Greenwood, Brian M. Nosten, Francois White, Nicholas J. TI Manslaughter by fake artesunate in Asia - Will Africa be next? SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOUTHEAST-ASIA; MALARIA; ANTIMALARIALS; ARTEMETHER; DRUGS C1 Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust, Oxford Trop Med Res Collaborat, Viangchan, Laos. Shoklo Malaria Res Unit, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Victor Segalen, EA3677 Bases Therapeut Inflammat & Infect, Bordeaux, France. Reseau Medicaments & Dev, Paris, France. US Pharmacopeia, Drug Qual & Informat Program, Global Assistance Initiat, Rockville, MD USA. Univ London, London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HU, England. WHO, Western Pacific Reg Off, Manila, Philippines. Malaria Alert Ctr, Bantyre, Malawi. MRC Labs, Banjul, Gambia. RP Newton, PN (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. EM paul@tropmedres.ac RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008; Whitty, Christopher/C-7740-2012; White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012; OI Whitty, Christopher/0000-0002-6076-5027; McGready, Rose/0000-0003-1621-3257; Nosten, Francois/0000-0002-7951-0745 FU Wellcome Trust NR 20 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 6 BP 752 EP 755 AR e197 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030197 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 069WK UT WOS:000239479600013 PM 16752952 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, N Hosain, GMM Williams, S AF Chatterjee, N Hosain, GMM Williams, S TI Condom use with steady and casual partners in inner city African-American communities SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PREVENTION; INFECTION; WOMEN; HIV AB Objectives: This study examined rates of and factors associated with consistent condom use with steady partner and with casual partners in inner city African-American communities with high sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence. Methods: Structured interviews were conducted using street intercept methods and venue based sampling with 997 African-American residents of inner city neighbourhoods in Houston and Dallas, Texas; of which data were analysed for the 736 that reported having sex in past 2 months. Condom use was measured as a proportion of use in last five sex acts with steady and casual partners. Results: Reported rates of consistent condom use were high - 31.4% with steady partner and 29.5% with casual partner. Multivariate logistic models differed by type of partner. Married people and those with history of STI were less likely to use condoms with the main partner, while older people were less likely and males, and those visiting a doctor more likely to use condoms with casual partners. Conclusions: The proportion of condom use with both partner types was relatively high reflecting a general trend towards increased condom use in the United States. The finding of lower reported rates with casual partners has been discussed. Factors associated with condom use differ according to type of partner. Precise measurement of actual condom use continues to be an elusive task but is required for the design of appropriate messages and evaluation of STI programmes. C1 Kalyani Media Grp, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. UTSPH, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chatterjee, N (reprint author), 9-17 Rekha, Bombay 400089, Maharashtra, India. EM chatterjeenilesh@gmail.com RI Hosain, GM/A-9584-2009 FU PHS HHS [U65/CCU622268-01] NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 82 IS 3 BP 238 EP 242 DI 10.1136/sti.2005.018259 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 047RV UT WOS:000237897300015 PM 16731677 ER PT J AU Warner, L Macaluso, M Newman, D Warner, L Austin, H Kleinbaum, D Kamb, M Douglas, J Malotte, CK Zenilman, JM AF Warner, L. Macaluso, M. Newman, D. Warner, L. Austin, H. Kleinbaum, D. Kamb, M. Douglas, J. Malotte, C. K. Zenilman, J. M. TI Condom effectiveness for prevention of C trachomatis infection SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Letter ID TRANSMISSION; CHLAMYDIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Hlth Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Warner, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Bulford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dlw7@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 82 IS 3 BP 265 EP 265 DI 10.1136/sti.2005.018978 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 047RV UT WOS:000237897300022 PM 16731685 ER PT J AU Martin, IMC Chen, M Ison, CA Rudd, E Delpech, V Fenton, KA AF Martin, IMC Chen, M Ison, CA Rudd, E Delpech, V Fenton, KA TI Findings from the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme: The disproportionate burden of gonorrhoea in England and Wales SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hlth Protect Agcy, Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Lab, Specialist & Reference Microbiol Div, London, England. Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Modelling & Bioinformat Dept, London, England. Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Dept HIV & STIS, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 82 SU 2 BP A5 EP A5 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 049BZ UT WOS:000237991800018 ER PT J AU Morgan, M Walker, N Gouws, E Stanecki, KA Stover, J AF Morgan, M. Walker, N. Gouws, E. Stanecki, K. A. Stover, J. TI Improved plausibility bounds about the 2005 HIV and AIDS estimates SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID HIV/AIDS; IMPACT AB Background: Since 1998 the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and the World Health Organization has provided estimates on the magnitude of the HIV epidemic for individual countries. Starting with the 2003 estimates, plausibility bounds about the estimates were also reported. The bounds are intended to serve as a guide as to what reasonable or plausible ranges are for the uncertainty in HIV incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Methods: Plausibility bounds were developed for three situations: for countries with generalised epidemics, for countries with low level or concentrated epidemics (LLC), and for regions. The techniques used build on those developed for the previous reporting round. However the current bounds are based on the available surveillance and survey data from each individual country rather than on data from a few prototypical countries. Results: The uncertainty around the HIV estimates depends on the quality of the surveillance system in the country. Countries with population based HIV seroprevalence surveys have the tightest plausibility bounds (average relative range about the adult HIV prevalence (ARR) of -18% to +19%.) Generalised epidemic countries without a survey have the next tightest ranges (average ARR of -46% to +59%). Those LLC countries which have conducted multiple surveys over time for HIV among the populations most at risk have the bounds similar to those in generalised epidemic countries (ARR -40% to +67%). As the number and quality of the studies in LLC countries goes down, the plausibility bounds increase (ARR of -38% to +102% for countries with medium quality data and ARR of -53% to +183% for countries with poor quality data). The plausibility bounds for regions directly reflect the bounds for the countries in those regions. Conclusions: Although scientific, the plausibility bounds do not represent and should not be interpreted as formal statistical confidence intervals. However in order to make the bounds as meaningful as possible the authors have tried to apply reasonable statistical approaches and assumptions to their derivation. An understanding of the uncertainty in the HIV estimates may help policy makers take better informed decisions to address the epidemic in their respective countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morgan, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wmm1@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 82 SU 3 BP III71 EP III77 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.021097 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 048VE UT WOS:000237973800012 PM 16735297 ER PT J AU Mochizuki-Kobayashi, Y Richter-Airijoki, H Asma, S Henson, R Husten, C Jones, NR Lee, J Lewis, M McKnight, L Tabladillo, M Warren, CW Chauvin, J Rosene, C Backinger, C Marcus, S Smith, D Capps, D Watts, K AF Mochizuki-Kobayashi, Y Richter-Airijoki, H Asma, S Henson, R Husten, C Jones, NR Lee, J Lewis, M McKnight, L Tabladillo, M Warren, CW Chauvin, J Rosene, C Backinger, C Marcus, S Smith, D Capps, D Watts, K CA GTSS Collaborative Grp TI The Global Tobacco Surveillance System - Introduction SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Warren, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcw1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD JUN PY 2006 VL 15 SU 2 BP II1 EP II3 DI 10.1136/tc.2006.015719 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 046KS UT WOS:000237811100001 ER PT J AU Warren, CW AF Warren, CW CA GTSS Collaborative Grp TI A cross country comparison of exposure to secondhand smoke among youth SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO USE; BEHAVIOR; DISEASE; RISK AB Secondhand smoke or environmental tobacco smoke is a combination of smoke from a burning cigarette and exhaled smoke from a smoker. This substance is an involuntarily inhaled mix of compounds that causes or contributes to a wide range of adverse health effects, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory infections, adverse reproductive effects, and asthma. This paper presents findings from Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) conducted in 132 countries between 1999 and 2005. GYTS data indicate that a large proportion of students in every World Health Organization Region are exposed to secondhand smoke at home (43.9%) and in public places (55.8%), and many have parents (46.5%) or best friends who smoke (17.9%). GYTS data have shown widespread and strong support among students for bans on smoking in public areas all over the world (76.1%). Countries should engage this positive public health attitude among youth to promote and enforce policies for smoke-free public places and workplaces, including restaurants and bars. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Warren, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcw1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD JUN PY 2006 VL 15 SU 2 BP II4 EP II19 DI 10.1136/tc.2006.015685 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 046KS UT WOS:000237811100002 ER PT J AU Warren, CW AF Warren, CW CA GTSS Collaborative Grp TI The Global School Personnel Survey: a cross-country overview SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; ADOLESCENT SMOKING; SECTIONAL DATA; POLICIES; RESTRICTIONS; EXPOSURE AB Teachers and administrators are role models for students, conveyors of tobacco prevention curricula, and key opinion leaders for school tobacco control policies. School teachers and administrators have daily interaction with students and thus represent an influential group for tobacco control. Data collected by the Global School Personnel Survey between 2000 and 2005 have shown that an alarming proportion of school personnel smoke cigarettes and use other forms of tobacco. At the regional level, current cigarette smoking is between 15% and 19% among school personnel included in this report around the world. The scarcity of tobacco-free schools and the high level of smoking on school grounds by school personnel reported in this study indicate how seriously school practice and staff actions undermine the educational messages and other prevention efforts to reduce adolescent smoking prevalence. However, the majority of school personnel in most sites strongly agreed that they should receive specific training to help students avoid or stop using tobacco. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Warren, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcw1@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD JUN PY 2006 VL 15 SU 2 BP II20 EP II30 DI 10.1136/tc.2006.015693 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 046KS UT WOS:000237811100003 ER PT J AU Warren, CW AF Warren, CW CA Grp, GC TI Tobacco use and cessation counselling: Global Health Professionals Survey Pilot Study, 10 countries, 2005 SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL-STUDENTS; SMOKING AB One of the strategies to reduce the number of smoking-related deaths is to encourage the involvement of health professionals in tobacco-use prevention and cessation counselling. The World Health Organization, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Canadian Public Health Association developed the Global Health Professionals Survey (GHPS) to collect data on tobacco use and cessation counselling among health-profession students in all WHO member states. This report summarises findings from the GHPS Pilot Study, which consisted of 16 surveys conducted in 10 countries among third year students in four health-profession disciplines (dentistry, medicine, nursing, and pharmacy) during the first quarter of 2005. The findings indicated that current cigarette smoking among these students was higher than 20% in seven of the 10 countries surveyed. Nevertheless, 87-99% of the students surveyed believed they should have a role in counselling patients to quit smoking; only 5-37% of these third-year students had actually received formal training in how to conduct such counselling. Schools for health professionals, public health organisations, and education officials should work together to design and implement training in smoking cessation counselling for all health-profession students. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Warren, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcw1@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD JUN PY 2006 VL 15 SU 2 BP II31 EP II34 DI 10.1136/tc.2006.015701 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 046KS UT WOS:000237811100004 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Kato, K Wolf, C Samandar, E Silva, SS Gray, EL Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Silva, MJ Kato, K Wolf, C Samandar, E Silva, SS Gray, EL Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Urinary biomarkers of di-isononyl phthalate in rats SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE di-isononyl phthalate; DiNP; monoisononyl phthalate; biomonitoring; plasticizer; biomarkers; exposure; oxidative metabolism ID DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP; N-OCTYL PHTHALATE; DIISONONYL PHTHALATE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; CHILDRENS PRODUCTS; ORAL-EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; TOXICITY; ABSORPTION AB Commercial di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) is a mixture of various branched-chain dialkyl phthalates mainly containing nine-carbon alkyl isomers. At high doses in rodents, DiNP is a carcinogen, and a developmental toxicant. After exposure, the diester isomers are de-esterified to form hydrolytic monoesters, monoisononyl phthalates (MiNP), which subsequently metabolize to form oxidative metabolites. These metabolites can be excreted in urine or feces. The urinary excretion of DiNP metabolites was monitored in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats after oral administration of a single dose (300 mg/kg) of commercial DiNP. The metabolites were extracted from urine, resolved with high performance liquid chromatography, analyzed by mass spectrometry, and tentatively identified based on their chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern. Because DiNP is an isomeric mixture, its metabolites were also isomeric mixtures that eluted from the HPLC column with close retention times. Mono(carboxyisooctyl)phthalate (MCiOP) was identified as the major metabolite of DiNP; in addition, mono(hydroxy-isononyl)phthalate (MHiNP) and mono(oxo-isononyl)phthalate (MOiNP) were present. Furthermore, metabolites of di-isooctyl phthalate (DiOP) and di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP) were also detected. Excretion toxicokinetics of the DiNP metabolites in urine followed a biphasic pattern with initial rapid decay in concentration. Despite potential differences in the metabolism of DiNP among species, MCiOP, MHiNP and MONP were detected in humans with no known exposure to DiNP at levels significantly higher than MiNP suggesting that these oxidative metabolites may be better urinary biomarkers of human exposure to DiNP than is MiNP. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F53,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zca2@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 223 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2006.03.005 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 053ZY UT WOS:000238346300011 PM 16697098 ER PT J AU Hayes, JM Rigau-Perez, JG Reiter, P Paul, VE Lorrin, P Vance, V Hinten, SR Mark, KE Myers, MF Street, K Bergau, L Meyer, C Amador, M Mike, N Clark, GG Brad, JB Gubler, DJ AF Hayes, JM Rigau-Perez, JG Reiter, P Paul, VE Lorrin, P Vance, V Hinten, SR Mark, KE Myers, MF Street, K Bergau, L Meyer, C Amador, M Mike, N Clark, GG Brad, JB Gubler, DJ TI Risk factors for infection during a dengue-1 outbreak in Maui, Hawaii, 2001 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE dengue-1; DEN-1; Aedes albopictus; MAC-ELISA; IgG-ELISA; Hawaii ID DIAGNOSIS; VIRUSES; FEVER AB Autochthonous dengue virus transmission, last identified in the state of Hawaii in 1945, was detected again in 2001. A seroepidemiologicat survey in a high-incidence community (Nahiku) and a nearby low-incidence community (Hana Subdivision) was implemented. The two communities studied differed in median household size (two vs. four persons), median lot size (2.8 vs. 0.8 acres), proportion of households with mosquito larvae (81 vs. 28%) and incidence of recent infection (39% [28/72] vs. 1% [1/131]). The average number of reported anti-mosquito actions by residents of both locations remained low, and approximately 50% (42/80) of the inspected houses had larvae, evidencing the need for more effective community mosquito control. Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for infection in Nahiku identified residing in properties with birds in the house or yard as significantly associated with infection (odds ratio 7.0, 95% Cl 1.7-28.5), probably as an indicator of unspecified environmental characteristics that were attractive to the vector. We documented that nearly 40% of Nahiku residents had acquired dengue locally in 2001 and that undetected dengue outbreaks had occurred in Hawaii. Our data suggest that ecological characteristics may help Hawaii health officials identify communities at increased risk of dengue infection. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. State Hawaii Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96801 USA. Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Pacific Disaster Ctr, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Great Lakes Intertribal Council, Great Lakes Epictr, Lac Du Flambeau, WI 54538 USA. Inst Pasteur, Insects & Infect Dis Unit, F-75724 Paris 15, France. US Dept Def, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Washington, Virol Res Clin, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Maui Mem Hosp, Wailuku, HI 96793 USA. Kaiser Permanente Clin, Wailuku, HI 96793 USA. Univ Hawaii, Asia Pacific Inst Trop Med & Infect Dis, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. RP Hayes, JM (reprint author), United S & Eastern Tribes, 711 Stewarts Ferry Pike,Suite 100, Nashville, TN 37214 USA. EM jmhayes@usetinc.org NR 15 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 100 IS 6 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.08.013 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 037JP UT WOS:000237143200011 PM 16356519 ER PT J AU Mathieu, E Direny, AN de Rochars, MB Streit, TG Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ AF Mathieu, Els Direny, Abdel N. de Rochars, Madsen Beau Streit, Thomas G. Addiss, David G. Lammie, Patrick J. TI Participation in three consecutive mass drug administrations in Leogane, Haiti SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE lymphatic filariasis; community-based distribution; eradication; survey ID LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS AB OBJECTIVES In the global effort to eliminate lymphatic filariasis, mass drug administrations (MDAs) are organised annually. The success of this strategy depends on achieving high levels of drug coverage, which reduce the number of persons with circulating microfilariae and consequently transmission. Persons who consistently fail to participate in MDAs represent a potential threat to the goal of filariasis elimination. We wanted to know the drug coverage, the proportion of persons who were systematically noncompliant and factors associated with this behaviour. METHODS We conducted three surveys following the third annual NIDA of a filariasis elimination program in Leogane, Haiti: (1) a total population survey to determine coverage, (2) in adult survey to determine non-compliance and associated factors and (3) an urban survey to make a rural-urban comparison. RESULTS During the third MDA, the overall surveyed coverage was 78.5% [95%, confidence interval (CI) 74.4-82.6] A survey among adult population showed coverage estimates for persons > 14 years old of 59.4% (95% CI 52.0-66.7), 61.0% (95% CI 55.0-67.4) and 67.3%, (95%, CI 60.574.0), for the first, second and third MDA respectively. The coverage in rural areas (78.3%) was significantly higher than in urban areas (68.3%, P < 0.05). Of the Population > 14 years of age, 18%) never took the drugs during any of three MDAs. These persons did not differ significantly from MDA participants by age, gender or other characteristics that we assessed. CONCLUSION More research is needed to identify characteristics Of systematically non-compliant persons in order to refine health education messages and improve distribution strategies to increase drug coverage. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hop Ste Croix, Leogane, Haiti. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Mathieu, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS F-22,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM emm7@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUN PY 2006 VL 11 IS 6 BP 862 EP 868 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01626.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 061II UT WOS:000238864500012 PM 16772008 ER PT J AU Hladik, W Kataaha, P Mermin, J Purdy, M Otekat, G Lackritz, E Alter, MJ Downing, R AF Hladik, W. Kataaha, P. Mermin, J. Purdy, M. Otekat, G. Lackritz, E. Alter, M. J. Downing, R. TI Prevalence and screening costs of hepatitis C virus among Ugandan blood donors SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Uganda; hepatitis C; screening; costs; blood donors ID TRANSFUSION; ANTIBODIES; RISK AB BACKGROUND Screening donated blood for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is important for HCV prevention and is routinely practiced in North America and Europe. However, in many African countries little is known about HCV prevalence or cost-effectiveness of HCV antibody (anti-HCV) screening. METHODS We investigated 2592 plasma specimens collected consecutively from blood donors in central Uganda in 1999. Routine screening by the blood bank included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and syphilis. To assess HCV prevalence and cost-effectiveness of testing, specimens were additionally tested for anti-HCV IgG by enzyme immunosorbent assay (ETA). Specimens repeatedly reactive (RR) on ETA were tested with a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). RESULTS Overall, 107 (4.1%) specimens were HCV ETA RR. Fifteen ETA RR specimens (0.6%, 95% confidence interval = 0.3-0.9%) were RIBA positive and 47 (1.8%) were RIBA indeterminate. Most (80%) RIBA-positive specimens were non-reactive for HIV, HBsAg, and syphilis. RIBA positivity was not associated with donor age, sex, number of donations, HIV, or HBsAg positivity. Costs of screening donors for anti-HCV by using ETA were estimated at US$782 per potential transfusion-associated HCV infection (exposure to RIBA-positive blood) averted. CONCLUSIONS Current screening tests for other infections are ineffective in removing HCV-positive donations. Testing costs are considerable; cost-effectiveness of identifying HCV-infected donors will be critical in decision making about HCV screening in Uganda. C1 CDC Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Uganda, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Nakasero Blood Bank, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hladik, W (reprint author), CDC Uganda, POB 49, Entebbe, Uganda. EM wfh3@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 10 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUN PY 2006 VL 11 IS 6 BP 951 EP 954 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01643.x PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 061II UT WOS:000238864500022 PM 16772018 ER PT J AU Reddy, MR Spielman, A Lepore, TJ Henley, D Kiszewski, AE Reiter, P AF Reddy, MR Spielman, A Lepore, TJ Henley, D Kiszewski, AE Reiter, P TI Efficacy of resmethrin aerosols applied from the road for suppressing Culex vectors of West Nile virus SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE mosquito control; adulticide; ULV; resmethrin; Culex pipiens pipiens; Culex restuans; arbovirus; West Nile virus ID MOSQUITO-CONTROL; CATCH BASINS; INSECTICIDE; SURVEILLANCE; ECOLOGY; SPRAYS AB We determined whether aerosol applications of resmethrin, delivered from the road, suppress the reproductive activity of Culex pipiens pipiens and Cx. restuans mosquitoes in suburban sites located near Boston. Oviposition implies a prior blood-feeding event and hence a potential West Nile virus (WNV) transmission-related event. Droplet size, rate of delivery and meteorological conditions were monitored. The target populations proved to be fully susceptible to the insecticide that was used. The roads in the test sites generally gave adequate opportunity for insecticidal coverage. We found that the aerosol plume may have failed to contact the target mosquitoes and conclude that such insecticidal aerosols, delivered from the road, may not effectively reduce the force of transmission of WNV in our test sites. C1 Inst Pasteur, F-75724 Paris 15, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. E Middlesex Mosquito Control Project, Waltham, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Reiter, P (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, 25-28 Rue Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris 15, France. EM preiter@pasteur.fr FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 52284]; PHS HHS [44064] NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.117 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 058PD UT WOS:000238676000002 PM 16796509 ER PT J AU Shone, SM Dillon, HJ Hom, SS Delgado, N AF Shone, SM Dillon, HJ Hom, SS Delgado, N TI A novel real-time PCR assay for the speciation of medically important ticks SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE vector; Ixodes; Amblyomma; Dermacentor ID 16S RDNA SEQUENCES; MITOCHONDRIAL 16S; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; UNITED-STATES; HARD TICKS; IXODIDAE; ACARI; PATHOGENS; DISEASES AB The identification of ticks using morphological characters is a well-established practice, however specimens that are small or damaged are often difficult to speciate. A novel, rapid real-time PCR assay, which targets the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region in the nuclear ribosomal DNA gene, wag developed for identification of four tick species of utmost medical importance in the United States: Ixodes scapularis, I. pacificus, Dermacentor variabilis, and Amblyomma americanum. Computational analyses of public databases and DNA sequencing studies revealed regions that could be specifically targeted with oligonucleotides optimized for TaqMan (R) chemistry. The oligonucleotide sets designed in this study are specific at both the genus and species levels, and are sensitive at 0.1-1 pg of total tick DNA. C1 New Jersey Dept Hlth & Sr Serv, Div Publ Hlth & Environm Labs, Mol Detect Serv Unit, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Sr Serv, Div Publ Hlth & Environm Labs, Special Immunol Unit, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Emerging Infect Dis Res Fellowship Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Delgado, N (reprint author), New Jersey Dept Hlth & Sr Serv, Div Publ Hlth & Environm Labs, Mol Detect Serv Unit, POB 361,Warren & Market St, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. EM nelson.delgado@doh.state.nj.us NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.152 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 058PD UT WOS:000238676000005 PM 16796512 ER PT J AU Chapman, AS Murphy, SM Demma, LJ Holman, RC Curns, AT McQuiston, JH Krebs, JW Swerdlow, DL AF Chapman, AS Murphy, SM Demma, LJ Holman, RC Curns, AT McQuiston, JH Krebs, JW Swerdlow, DL TI Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the United States, 1997-2002 SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE spotted fever; Rickettsia; surveillance ID RISK-FACTORS; SURVEILLANCE AB Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is the most commonly reported fatal tick-borne disease in the United States. During 1997-2002, 3,649 cases of RMSF were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention via the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance; 2,589 case report forms, providing supplemental information, were also submitted. The average annual RMSF incidence during 1997-2002 was 2.2 cases/million persons. The annual incidence increased during 1997-2002 to a rate of 3.8 cases/million persons in 2002. The incidence was lowest among persons aged < 5 and 10-29 years, and highest among adults aged 60-69 years. The overall case-fatality rate was 1.4%; the rate peaked in 1998 at 2.9% and declined to 0.7% in 2001 and 2002. Children < 5 years of age had a case-fatality rate (5%) that was significantly greater than the rates for age groups < 60 years of age, except for that for 40-49 years of age. Continued national surveillance is needed to assess the effectiveness of prevention efforts and early treatment in decreasing severe morbidity and mortality associated with RMSF. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swerdlow, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, MS G-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dls3@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.170 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 058PD UT WOS:000238676000007 PM 16796514 ER PT J AU White, DM Blair, CD Beaty, BJ AF White, DM Blair, CD Beaty, BJ TI Molecular epidemiology of Bluetongue virus in northern Colorado SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bluetongue; molecular epidemiology; topotype; virus evolution ID CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; UNITED-STATES; MIXED INFECTION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENE; REASSORTMENT; SEROTYPE-17; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; CELLS AB The molecular epidemiology of Bluetongue virus serotype 11 (BTV11) in an enzootic focus in northern Colorado was investigated. Viruses isolated up to 12 years apart, from both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, were compared by phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequence data from three genome segments: L2, S7, and S10. For each segment, viruses isolated from ruminants in the 1980s were more similar to one another than to viruses isolated from Culicoides spp. insects in the 1990s. Nearly identical BTV11-L2 segments were found in all isolates, but over time they were associated with different S7 and S 10 genome segments. Therefore, 1-2-segment-based serologic identification of BTV isolates underestimates the origin and natural evolution of the viruses. In addition, the use of one or even two genome segments is inadequate to define the molecular epidemiology of the viruses in an enzootic focus. This information could influence import/export regulations based on BTV epidemiology in enzootic areas, as well as our view of the natural biology of the viruses. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP White, DM (reprint author), CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Bldg 15-SB,Mailstop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM chz8@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.11.008 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 043QX UT WOS:000237617600006 PM 16337708 ER PT J AU Horng, YT Soo, PC Shen, BJ Hung, YL Lo, KY Su, HP Wei, JR Hsieh, SC Hsueh, PR Lai, HC AF Horng, Yu-Tze Soo, Po-Chi Shen, Bin-Jon Hung, Yu-Li Lo, Kai-Yin su, Hn-Pi Su Wei, Jun-Rong Hsieh, Shang-Chen Hsueh, Po-Ren Lai, Hsin-Chih TI Development of an improved PCR-ICT hybrid assay for direct detection of Legionellae and Legionella pneumophila from cooling tower water specimens SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Legionella pneumophila; PCR-ICT; lateral flow ID REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY EIA; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; MIP GENE; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; RESPIRATORY SPECIMENS; ANTIGEN-DETECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB A novelly improved polymerase chian reaction and immunochromatography test (PCR-ICT) hybrid assay comprising traditional multiplex-nested PCR and ICT, (a lateral-flow device) was developed for direct detection of Legionella bacteria from environmental cooling tower samples. The partial 16S rDNA (specific for Legionella spp.) and dnaJ (specific for Legionella pneumophila) genes from Legionella chromosome were first specifically amplified by multiplex-nested PCR, respectively, followed by detection using ICT strip. Reading of results was based on presence or absence of the two test lines on the strips. Presence of test line 1 indicated existence of Legionella spp. specific 16S rDNA and identified Legionella spp. Presence of test line 2 further indicated existence of dnaJ and thus specifically identified L. pneumophila. In contrast, for non-Legionellae bacteria no test line formation was observed. Results of direct detection of Legionella bacteria and L. pneumophila from water tower specimens by this assay showed 100% sensitivity, and 96.6% and 100% specificity, respectively compared with traditional culture, biochemical and serological identification methods. The PCR-ICT hybrid assay does not require sophisticated equipment and was proved to be practically useful in rapid and direct Legionellae detection from environmental water samples. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Clin Lab Sci & Med Biotechnol, Taipei 100, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control, Dept Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lai, HC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Clin Lab Sci & Med Biotechnol, 1 Chan St, Taipei 100, Taiwan. EM hclai@ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw OI HSUEH, PO-REN/0000-0002-7502-9225; LO, KAI-YIN/0000-0003-0440-6836 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2221 EP 2229 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2006.03.033 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 060FN UT WOS:000238788000013 PM 16713613 ER PT J AU Westerman, LE Jiang, BM McClure, HM Snipes-Magaldi, LJ Griffin, DD Shin, G Gentsch, JR Glass, RI AF Westerman, Larry E. Jiang, Baoming McClure, Harold M. Snipes-Magaldi, Lauren J. Griffin, Dixie D. Shin, Gary Gentsch, Jon R. Glass, Roger I. TI Isolation and characterization of a new simian rotavirus, YK-I SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MOUSE MODEL; INFECTION; SEROTYPE; GENOME; VIRUS; SA11 AB Background: To effectively analyze the requirements for protection to rotavirus infection, a reliable animal model that reasonably mimics infection and disease in humans is needed. A requirement for an effective animal model is the availability of appropriate rotavirus stocks for challenge. Results: A new simian rotavirus, designated YK-I, was isolated from a 2-year-old immunodeficient pigtailed macaque with chronic diarrhea. YK-I was distinguishable by electropherotype from the other simian rotavirus strains, SAII and RRV. One variant of YK-I, clone 3II, which was isolated after adaptation and plaque purification in cell cultures, displayed an unusual RNA electropherotype with an abnormally migrating gene II segment. Sequence analysis demonstrated a genetic rearrangement that involved a partial duplication of the gene II ORF encoding NSP5. YK-I was identified as a Group A rotavirus belonging to subgroup I. To further characterize the YK-I strain, the genes encoding VP4, VP7, and NSP4 were sequenced. Analysis of VP4 and VP7 gene fragments suggests that this strain is a G3P[3] rotavirus and is closely related to the simian rotavirus strain RRV. Serotype analysis also identified YK-I as a G3 rotavirus. The NSP4 genotype of YK-I is C, the same genotype as RRV. Conclusion: This newly isolated rotavirus, YK-I, is being used to establish a nonhuman primate model for studying the infectivity, immunity, and pathogenesis of rotavirus and for evaluating candidate rotavirus vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Team, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Westerman, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Team, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM larry@cidrz.org; bjiang@cdc.gov; kays@rmy.emory.edu; lmagaldi@comcast.net; dixiegriffin@hotmail.com; gtshin@ucla.edu; jgentsch@cdc.gov; rglass@cdc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR000165, RR00165] NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 3 AR 40 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-3-40 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 182ID UT WOS:000247497400001 PM 16737519 ER PT J AU Fan, AZ Hayes, D Kahn, H Greenlund, K Croft, J AF Fan, Amy Z. Hayes, Donald Kahn, Henry Greenlund, Kurt Croft, Janet TI Cardiovascular risk profiles in association with self-reported experience of stroke warning signs. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994 (NHANES III) SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke CY MAY 07-09, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Qual Care & Outcomes Res Interdisciplinary Working Grp, Amer Coll Cardiol Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Vet Affairs C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 21 BP E804 EP E804 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 048RQ UT WOS:000237964600107 ER PT J AU Fang, J Mensah, GA Alderman, MH Croft, JB AF Fang, Jing Mensah, George A. Alderman, Michael H. Croft, Janet B. TI Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in the United States, 1979-2003 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke CY MAY 07-09, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Qual Care & Outcomes Res Interdisciplinary Working Grp, Amer Coll Cardiol Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Vet Affairs C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 21 BP E804 EP E804 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 048RQ UT WOS:000237964600108 ER PT J AU George, MG Zheng, ZJ Krompf, K Pandey, DK Prvu-Bettger, J D Rosamond, W AF George, Mary G. Zheng, Zhi-Jie Krompf, Kerrie Pandey, Dilip K. Prvu-Bettger, Janet D Rosamond, Wayne TI Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry (PCNASR) - Leveraging partnerships for sustainability of best practices in acute stroke care SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke CY MAY 07-09, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Qual Care & Outcomes Res Interdisciplinary Working Grp, Amer Coll Cardiol Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Vet Affairs C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Stroke Res, Chicago, IL USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 21 BP E805 EP E805 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 048RQ UT WOS:000237964600115 ER PT J AU Hayes, DK Denny, CH Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ AF Hayes, Don K. Denny, Clark H. Croft, Janet B. Greenlund, Kurt J. TI Health related quality of life and hypertension status, awareness, and control: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001-2002 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke CY MAY 07-09, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Qual Care & Outcomes Res Interdisciplinary Working Grp, Amer Coll Cardiol Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Vet Affairs C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 21 BP E807 EP E807 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 048RQ UT WOS:000237964600124 ER PT J AU Wofford, TS Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB Labarthe, DR AF Wofford, Taylor S. Greenlund, Kurt J. Croft, Janet B. Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Impact of healthcare provider advice on diet and exercise behavior among people with heart disease, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2003 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke CY MAY 07-09, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Qual Care & Outcomes Res Interdisciplinary Working Grp, Amer Coll Cardiol Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Vet Affairs C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 21 BP E833 EP E833 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 048RQ UT WOS:000237964600248 ER PT J AU Xie, JP Wu, EQ Zhang, ZJ Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Labarthe, DL Mensah, GA AF Xie, Jipan Wu, Eric Q. Zhang, Zhi-Jie Croft, Janet B. Greenlund, Kurt J. Labarthe, Darwin L. Mensah, George A. TI Health-related quality of life of persons with heart disease in the US: Does weight matter? SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke CY MAY 07-09, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Qual Care & Outcomes Res Interdisciplinary Working Grp, Amer Coll Cardiol Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Vet Affairs C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Anal Grp Inc, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 21 BP E833 EP E833 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 048RQ UT WOS:000237964600249 ER PT J AU Davis, RR AF Davis, Rickie R. TI Acoustic measurement: A tutorial for molecular biologists SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Mouse as an Instrument for Ear Research II CY OCT 01-04, 2005 CL Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME HO Jackson Lab DE auditory system; acoustic measurement; ABR; DPOAE; mouse AB Although skilled in in vitro techniques, the molecular biologist may not understand the finer points of acoustical measurement. Measurement is necessary whenever the auditory system function is being measured using the auditory brainstem response (ABR) or distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) or is being challenged by a noise exposure. While the theory of measuring an acoustic signal with a calibrated measuring microphone is simple, in practice, it can become complex. The present article presents guidelines for measuring acoustic stimuli which is within the abilities of a well equipped laboratory. It also presents a set of links for further information and some sources for procurement of equipment. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Davis, RR (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rrd1@cdc.gov RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008; OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD MAY 26 PY 2006 VL 1091 SI SI BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.130 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 068DE UT WOS:000239351500006 PM 16630583 ER PT J AU Pagedar, NA Wang, W Chen, DHC Davis, RR Lopez, I Wright, CG Alagramam, KN AF Pagedar, Nitin A. Wang, Wen Chen, Daniel H. -C. Davis, Rickie R. Lopez, Ivan Wright, Charles G. Alagramam, Kumar N. TI Gene expression analysis of distinct populations of cells isolated from mouse and human inner ear FFPE tissue using laser capture microdissection - a Technical report based on preliminary findings SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Mouse as an Instrument for Ear Research II CY OCT 01-04, 2005 CL Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME HO Jackson Lab DE gene expression; inner ear; laser capture microdissection; protocadherin; formalin -fixation; human temporal bone ID LINEAR RNA AMPLIFICATION; HAIR-CELLS; PRESERVATION; FORMALIN; FIXATION; MUTANT; PCR AB Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) allows microscopic procurement of specific cell types from tissue sections that can then be used for gene expression analysis. We first tested this method with sections of adult mouse inner ears and subsequently applied it to human inner ear sections. The morphology of the various cell types within the inner ear is well preserved in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) sections, making it easier to identify cell types and their boundaries. Recovery of good quality RNA from FFPE sections can be challenging, however, recent studies in cancer research demonstrated that it is possible to carry out gene expression analysis of FFPE material. Thus, a method developed using mouse FFPE tissue can be applied to human archival temporal bones. This is important because the majority of human temporal bone banks have specimens preserved in formalin and a technique for retrospective analysis of human archival ear tissue is needed. We used mouse FFPE inner ear sections to procure distinct populations of cells from the various functional domains (organ of Corti, spiral ganglion, etc.) by LCM. RNA was extracted from captured cells, amplified, and assessed for quality. Expression of selected genes was tested by RT-PCR. In addition to housekeeping genes, we were able to detect cell type specific markers, such as Myosin 7a, p27(kip1) and neurofilament gene transcripts that confirmed the likely composition of cells in the sample. We also tested the method described above on FFPE sections from human crista ampullaris. These sections were approximately a year old. Populations of cells from the epithelium and stroma were collected and analyzed independently for gene expression. The method described here has potential use in many areas of hearing research. For example, following exposure to noise, ototoxic drugs or age, it would be highly desirable to analyze gene expression profiles of selected populations of cells within the organ of Corti or spiral ganglion cells rather than a mixed population of cells from whole inner ear tissue. Also, this method can be applied for analysis of human archival ear tissue. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Head & Neck, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Alagramam, KN (reprint author), Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lakeside 4500,11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM kna3@cwru.edu RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008; OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021; Lopez, Ivan/0000-0001-5205-7293 NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD MAY 26 PY 2006 VL 1091 SI SI BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.057 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 068DE UT WOS:000239351500033 PM 16529721 ER PT J AU Fischer, SA Graham, MB Kuehnert, MJ Kotton, CN Srinivasan, A Marty, FM Comer, JA Guarner, J Paddock, CD DeMeo, DL Shieh, WJ Erickson, BR Bandy, U DeMaria, A Davis, JP Delmonico, FL Pavlin, B Likos, A Vincent, MJ Sealy, TK Goldsmith, CS Jernigan, DB Rollin, PE Packard, MM Patel, M Rowland, C Helfand, RF Nichol, ST Fishman, JA Ksiazek, T Zaki, SR AF Fischer, SA Graham, MB Kuehnert, MJ Kotton, CN Srinivasan, A Marty, FM Comer, JA Guarner, J Paddock, CD DeMeo, DL Shieh, WJ Erickson, BR Bandy, U DeMaria, A Davis, JP Delmonico, FL Pavlin, B Likos, A Vincent, MJ Sealy, TK Goldsmith, CS Jernigan, DB Rollin, PE Packard, MM Patel, M Rowland, C Helfand, RF Nichol, ST Fishman, JA Ksiazek, T Zaki, SR CA LCMV Transplant Recipient TI Transmission of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus by organ transplantation. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PET HAMSTER; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; MENINGITIS; RECIPIENTS; DIAGNOSIS; PERSONNEL; ANIMALS AB Background: In December 2003 and April 2005, signs and symptoms suggestive of infection developed in two groups of recipients of solid-organ transplants. Each cluster was investigated because diagnostic evaluations were unrevealing, and in each a common donor was recognized. Methods: We examined clinical specimens from the two donors and eight recipients, using viral culture, electron microscopy, serologic testing, molecular analysis, and histopathological examination with immunohistochemical staining to identify a cause. Epidemiologic investigations, including interviews, environmental assessments, and medical-record reviews, were performed to characterize clinical courses and to determine the cause of the illnesses. Results: Laboratory testing revealed lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in all the recipients, with a single, unique strain of LCMV identified in each cluster. In both investigations, LCMV could not be detected in the organ donor. In the 2005 cluster, the donor had had contact in her home with a pet hamster infected with an LCMV strain identical to that detected in the organ recipients; no source of LCMV infection was found in the 2003 cluster. The transplant recipients had abdominal pain, altered mental status, thrombocytopenia, elevated aminotransferase levels, coagulopathy, graft dysfunction, and either fever or leukocytosis within three weeks after transplantation. Diarrhea, peri-incisional rash, renal failure, and seizures were variably present. Seven of the eight recipients died, 9 to 76 days after transplantation. One recipient, who received ribavirin and reduced levels of immunosuppressive therapy, survived. Conclusions: We document two clusters of LCMV infection transmitted through organ transplantation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI USA. Brown Med Sch, Providence, RI USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. New England Organ Bank Inc, Newton, MA USA. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkuehnert@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 42 TC 270 Z9 279 U1 1 U2 6 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 25 PY 2006 VL 354 IS 21 BP 2235 EP 2249 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa053240 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 045RF UT WOS:000237758900005 PM 16723615 ER PT J AU Cohen, AL Jhung, MA Budnitz, DS AF Cohen, AL Jhung, MA Budnitz, DS TI Stimulant medications and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cohen, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alcohen1@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 25 PY 2006 VL 354 IS 21 BP 2294 EP 2295 DI 10.1056/NEJMc060860 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 045RF UT WOS:000237758900032 PM 16723627 ER PT J AU Liegeois, F Courgnaud, V Switzer, WM Murphy, HW Loul, S Aghokeng, A Pourrut, X Mpoudi-Ngole, E Delaporte, E Peeters, M AF Liegeois, F Courgnaud, V Switzer, WM Murphy, HW Loul, S Aghokeng, A Pourrut, X Mpoudi-Ngole, E Delaporte, E Peeters, M TI Molecular characterization of a novel simian immunodeficiency virus lineage (SIVtal) from northern talapoins (Miopithecus ogouensis) SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE SIV; non-human primate; talapoin; HIV; evolution; Cameroon ID AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; MANDRILLUS-SPHINX; INFECTION; LENTIVIRUS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; PROTEIN; REPLICATION; CHIMPANZEES; MANGABEYS AB Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) are found in an extensive number of African primates, and humans continue to be exposed to these viruses by hunting and handling of primate bushmeat and following occupational exposures to captive nonhuman primates. Here, we report the molecular characterization of a new SIV lineage, SIVtal, from wild-caught and captive talapoin monkeys (Miopithecus ogouensis) from Cameroon and U.S. zoos, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analyses of a small fragment in the pol gene indicated that all SIVtaI strains clustered together forming a single species-specific lineage. Full-length sequence analysis for two strains, SIVtal-00CM266 and SlVtal-01CM8023, from wild-caught animals in Cameroon confirmed that SlVtal was distinct from all primate lentiviruses isolated so far and represents a new SIV lineage. Phylogenetic analyses in different viral genes showed a significant clustering of the SlVtal lineage with the Cercopithecus-specific SIVs. In addition, SlVtal and Cercopithecus-specific SIVs share functional motifs in Gag and Env that distinguish them from other primate lentiviruses. Like SIVsyk and SlVdeb, a vpu gene homologue was also absent in SIVtal. Although northern talapoins belong to the Miopithecus genus, their SIVs belong to the Cercopithecus SIV lineage, suggesting evolution from a common ancestor or cross-species transmission between both primate genera. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Rech Dev, UMR 145, Montpellier, France. Univ Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Zoo New England, Boston, MA 02121 USA. Hop Mil, Project PRESICA, Yaounde, Cameroon. RP Peeters, M (reprint author), Inst Rech Dev, UMR 145, Montpellier, France. EM martine.peeters@mpl.ird.fr RI Liegeois, Florian/D-3798-2013 OI Liegeois, Florian/0000-0003-1048-0661 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 50529] NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 25 PY 2006 VL 349 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.01.011 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 047ET UT WOS:000237863300006 PM 16469345 ER PT J AU Quinlisk, P Harris, M Thornton, T Flamigni, L AF Quinlisk, P Harris, M Thornton, T Flamigni, L TI Mumps epidemic - Iowa, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 366, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Hyg Lab, Local Iowa Publ Hlth Dept, Iowa City, IA USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quinlisk, P (reprint author), Univ Hyg Lab, Local Iowa Publ Hlth Dept, Iowa City, IA USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 24 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 20 BP 2348 EP 2349 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 045HY UT WOS:000237734400010 ER PT J AU Wright, A Bai, G Barrera, L Boulahbal, F Martin-Casabona, N Gilpin, C Drobniewsji, F Havelkova, M Lepe, R Lumb, R Metchock, B Portaels, F Rodrigues, M Rusch-Gerdes, S Van Deun, A Vincent, V Leimane, V Riekstina, V Skenders, G Holtz, T Pratt, R Laserson, K Wells, C Cegielski, P Shah, NS AF Wright, A Bai, G Barrera, L Boulahbal, F Martin-Casabona, N Gilpin, C Drobniewsji, F Havelkova, M Lepe, R Lumb, R Metchock, B Portaels, F Rodrigues, M Rusch-Gerdes, S Van Deun, A Vincent, V Leimane, V Riekstina, V Skenders, G Holtz, T Pratt, R Laserson, K Wells, C Cegielski, P Shah, NS TI Emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with extensive resistance to second-line drugs - Worldwide, 2000-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 301-305, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Stop TB Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Int Union TB & Lund Dis Network Supranatl Referen, Geneva, Switzerland. State Agcy TB & Lung Dis, Riga, Latvia. CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wright, A (reprint author), WHO, Stop TB Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 24 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 20 BP 2349 EP 2351 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 045HY UT WOS:000237734400011 ER PT J AU Sambhara, S Poland, GA AF Sambhara, S Poland, GA TI Avian influenza vaccines: what's all the flap? SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID H5N1 INFLUENZA; ISCOM VACCINE; A H5N1; IMMUNOGENICITY; SAFETY; VIRUS; MICE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Mayo Vaccine Res Grp, Program Translat Immunovirol & Biodefense, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Program Translat Immunovirol & Biodefense, Rochester, MN USA. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssambhara@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 20 PY 2006 VL 367 IS 9523 BP 1636 EP 1638 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68657-1 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 045LH UT WOS:000237743100007 PM 16714169 ER PT J AU Reefhuis, J Rasmussen, SA Friedman, JM AF Reefhuis, J Rasmussen, SA Friedman, JM TI Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Reefhuis, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nzr5@cdc.gov RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 5 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 18 PY 2006 VL 354 IS 20 BP 2188 EP 2189 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 043BX UT WOS:000237575400027 PM 16707761 ER PT J AU Ndiritu, M Cowgill, KD Ismail, A Chiphatsi, S Kamau, T Fegan, G Feikin, DR Newton, CRJC Scott, JAG AF Ndiritu, M Cowgill, KD Ismail, A Chiphatsi, S Kamau, T Fegan, G Feikin, DR Newton, CRJC Scott, JAG TI Immunization coverage and risk factors for failure to immunize within the Expanded Programme on Immunization in Kenya after introduction of new Haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis b virus antigens SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DISEASE BURDEN; VACCINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLYSACCHARIDE; MENINGITIS; PREVENTION; CONJUGATE; CHILDREN; INFANTS; AFRICA AB Background: Kenya introduced a pentavalent vaccine including the DTP, Haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis b virus antigens in Nov 2001 and strengthened immunization services. We estimated immunization coverage before and after introduction, timeliness of vaccination and risk factors for failure to immunize in Kilifi district, Kenya. Methods: In Nov 2002 we performed WHO cluster-sample surveys of > 200 children scheduled for vaccination before or after introduction of pentavalent vaccine. In Mar 2004 we conducted a simple random sample (SRS) survey of 204 children aged 9 - 23 months. Coverage was estimated by inverse Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of vaccine- card and mothers' recall data and corroborated by reviewing administrative records from national and provincial vaccine stores. The contribution to timely immunization of distance from clinic, seasonal rainfall, mother's age, and family size was estimated by a proportional hazards model. Results: Immunization coverage for three DTP and pentavalent doses was 100% before and 91% after pentavalent vaccine introduction, respectively. By SRS survey, coverage was 88% for three pentavalent doses. The median age at first, second and third vaccine dose was 8, 13 and 18 weeks. Vials dispatched to Kilifi District during 2001 - 2003 would provide three immunizations for 92% of the birth cohort. Immunization rate ratios were reduced with every kilometre of distance from home to vaccine clinic (HR 0.95, CI 0.91 - 1.00), rainy seasons ( HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.61 - 0.89) and family size, increasing progressively up to 4 children ( HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.41 - 0.73). Conclusion: Vaccine coverage was high before and after introduction of pentavalent vaccine, but most doses were given late. Coverage is limited by seasonal factors and family size. C1 Wellcome Trust Kenya Med Res Inst, Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Kilifi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth, Kenya Expanded Programme Immunizat, Nairobi, Kenya. Minist Hlth, Kilifi Dist Hosp, Kilifi Dist Publ Hlth Serv, Kilifi, Kenya. Univ London, London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, Infect Dis Epidemiol Unit, London WC1E 7HU, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ London, Inst Child Hlth, London WC1N 1EH, England. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. RP Ndiritu, M (reprint author), Wellcome Trust Kenya Med Res Inst, Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Kilifi, Kenya. EM mndiritu@kilifi.kemri-wellcome.org; KAREN.COWGILL@lshtm.ac.uk; aismail@yahoo.com; schiphatsi@yahoo.com; kepi@swiftkenya.com; gfegan@kilifi.kemri-wellcome.org; dfeikin@ke.cdc.gov; cnewton@kilifi.kemri-wellcome.org; ascott@ikilifi.mimcom.net OI Newton, Charles/0000-0002-6999-5507; Fegan, Greg/0000-0002-2663-2765 FU Wellcome Trust [, 061089, 081835] NR 22 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAY 17 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 132 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-6-132 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 054VQ UT WOS:000238407100001 PM 16707013 ER PT J AU Vugia, D Cronquist, A Hadler, J Tobin-D'Angelo, M Blythe, D Smith, K Thornton, K Morse, D Cieslak, P Jones, T Holt, K Guzewich, J Henao, O Scallan, E Angulo, F Griffin, P Tauxe, R Barzilay, E AF Vugia, D Cronquist, A Hadler, J Tobin-D'Angelo, M Blythe, D Smith, K Thornton, K Morse, D Cieslak, P Jones, T Holt, K Guzewich, J Henao, O Scallan, E Angulo, F Griffin, P Tauxe, R Barzilay, E CA CDC TI Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food - 10 states, United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 392-395, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RAW GROUND-BEEF; INSPECTION SERVICE; SAFETY C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Publ Hlth, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Oregon State Publ Hlth, Salem, OR USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycol Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vugia, D (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 17 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 19 BP 2241 EP 2243 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 042UX UT WOS:000237556600010 ER PT J AU Pratt, R Robison, V Navin, T Hlavsa, M AF Pratt, R Robison, V Navin, T Hlavsa, M CA CDC TI Trends in tuberculosis - United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 305-308, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pratt, R (reprint author), CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 17 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 19 BP 2243 EP 2245 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 042UX UT WOS:000237556600011 ER PT J AU Armstrong, GL Wasley, A Simard, EP McQuillan, GM Kuhnert, WL Alter, MJ AF Armstrong, GL Wasley, A Simard, EP McQuillan, GM Kuhnert, WL Alter, MJ TI The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; NEW-YORK-CITY; BLOOD-DONORS; RISK-FACTORS; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; LIVER-DISEASE; SEROCONVERSION; INCREASE AB Background: Defining the primary characteristics of persons infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) enables physicians to more easily identify persons who are most likely to benefit from testing for the disease. Objective: To describe the HCV-infected population in the United States. Design: Nationally representative household survey. Setting: U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. Participants: 15 079 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2002. Measurements: All participants provided medical histories, and those who were 20 to 59 years of age provided histories of drug use and sexual practices. Participants were tested for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) and HCV RNA, and their serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured. Results: The prevalence of anti-HCV in the United States was 1.6% (95% CI, 1.3% to 1.9%), equating to an estimated 4.1 million (C), 3.4 million to 4.9 million) anti-HCV-positive persons nationwide; 1.3% or 3.2 million (CI, 2.7 million to 3.9 million) persons had chronic HCV infection. Peak prevalence of anti-HCV (4.3%) was observed among persons 40 to 49 years of age. A total of 48.4% of anti-HCV-positive persons between 20 and 59 years of age reported a history of injection drug use, the strongest risk factor for HCV infection. Of all persons reporting such a history, 83.3% had not used injection drugs for at least 1 year before the survey. Other significant risk factors included 20 or more lifetime sex partners and blood transfusion before 1992. Abnormal serum ALT levels were found in 58.7% of HCV RNA-positive persons. Three characteristics (abnormal serum ALT level, any history of injection drug use, and history of blood transfusion before 1992) identified 85.1% of HCV RNA-positive participants between 20 and 59 years of age. Limitations: Incarcerated and homeless persons were not included in the survey. Conclusions: Many Americans are infected with HCV. Most were born between 1945 and 1964 and can be identified with current screening criteria. History of injection drug use is the strongest risk factor for infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Armstrong, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GArmstrong@cdc.gov RI Simard, Edgar/G-4552-2010 OI Simard, Edgar/0000-0001-8093-2067 NR 30 TC 1205 Z9 1238 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 16 PY 2006 VL 144 IS 10 BP 705 EP 714 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 043XO UT WOS:000237636400001 PM 16702586 ER PT J AU Spaulding, AC Weinbaum, CM Lau, DTY Sterling, R Seeff, LB Margolis, HS Hoofnagle, JH AF Spaulding, AC Weinbaum, CM Lau, DTY Sterling, R Seeff, LB Margolis, HS Hoofnagle, JH TI A framework for management of hepatitis C in prisons SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; THERAPY; INMATES; ALCOHOL AB The prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in prisons ranges from 12% to 31%. There are generally accepted - albeit still evolving - guidelines for identification and treatment of hepatitis C in the community. However, there is less agreement among health professionals caring for prisoners about best practices for identification, medical management, and treatment of hepatitis C. inmates often lack health care before incarceration. In prisons, infected persons could be identified and the management of infection initiated; however, the high prevalence of HCV infection among prisoners would impose a disproportionate cost for hepatitis C care on the correctional system. The optimal solution is for prison and public health systems in the United States to jointly provide targeted HCV testing and standard-of-care hepatitis C medical management, treatment, and prevention programs to prison inmate populations. The authors report on a January 2003 meeting of experts in prison health, public health, hepatology, and infectious diseases and explore the clinical care, prevention, and collaboration needed to provide hepatitis C management in prisoners. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ Hlth Syst, Richmond, VA USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Spaulding, AC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM aspauld@emory.edu NR 67 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 16 PY 2006 VL 144 IS 10 BP 762 EP 769 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 043XO UT WOS:000237636400007 PM 16702592 ER PT J AU Kew, O AF Kew, O TI What role for inactivated poliovirus vaccine in the eradication endgame? SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMMUNIZATION; POLIOMYELITIS; SCHEDULES; EXCRETION; STRAINS; WORLD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kew, O (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, G-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM omk1@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 193 IS 10 BP 1341 EP 1343 DI 10.1086/503373 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 036EI UT WOS:000237053400001 PM 16619179 ER PT J AU Little, AR Sriram, K O'Callaghan, JP AF Little, AR Sriram, K O'Callaghan, JP TI Corticosterone regulates expression of CCL2 in the intact and chemically injured hippocampus SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE brain; CCL2; corticosterone; glucocorticoids; microglia; trimethyltin; MCP-1; neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION; MESSENGER-RNA; BRAIN-INJURY; MCP-1; CHEMOKINE; LESIONS; RATS AB Expression of the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)- 1, increases in response to disease-, trauma-, or toxicant-induced damage to the central nervous system (CNS). In the periphery, endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids are known to suppress CCL2 expression associated with inflammatory conditions. However, such actions of glucocorticoids on CCL2 expression in the CNS remain unknown. Here, we explored the effects of the glucocorticoid, corticosterone (CORT), on the expression of CCL2 and its receptors, CCR2 and CCR5, in the hippocampal formation using intact, adrenalectomized (ADX) and trimethyltin (TMT)-treated rats. An immunosuppressive regimen of CORT did not alter the mRNA expression of CCL2 or its receptors in the hippocampus. ADX, however, markedly increased the expression of CCL2 and CCR2 mRNAs in the hippocampus, while CORT replacement reversed the effects of ADX on CCL2 gene expression. Hippocampal damage resulting from systemic administration of the organometallic neurotoxicant, TMT, was associated with microglial activation, as evidenced by enhanced expression of microglial markers integrin alpha M (CD11b) and F4/80, as well as, microglia-associated factors, CCL2 and IL-1 alpha. An immunosuppressive dose of CORT, suppressed TMT-induced expression of CCL2. Given the association of CCL2 with microglial activation, it appears that CORT may play a role in regulating microglial activation. However, CORT treatment did not alter TMT-mediated neuronal damage and astrogliosis. Such observations suggest that injury-related expression of microglia-associated chemokines and cytokines may subserve a role unrelated to neuronal damage. In summary, our data indicate that in the CNS, CCL2 gene expression is under negative regulation by glucocorticoids. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 NIOSH, Mol Neurotoxicol Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TMBB,HELD, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, Mol Neurotoxicol Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TMBB,HELD, MS 3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jdo5@cdc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Little, Roger/O-6191-2014 OI Little, Roger/0000-0001-6831-0177 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 162 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.01.050 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 042KL UT WOS:000237526700032 PM 16504399 ER PT J AU Cliquet, F Guiot, AL Munier, A Bailly, J Rupprecht, CE Barrat, J AF Cliquet, F. Guiot, A. L. Munier, A. Bailly, J. Rupprecht, C. E. Barrat, J. TI Safety and efficacy of the oral rabies vaccine SAG2 in raccoon dogs SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rabies; raccoon dogs; SAG2 oral vaccine ID VIRUS-VACCINE; FOXES; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODY; FINLAND; BAITS; WILD AB Oral vaccination programmes in several rabies-infected countries from Northern and Eastern Europe should not be restricted to foxes but should target raccoon dogs as well. The safety, immumogenicity and efficacy of Rabigen (R) SAG2 bait was evaluated in raccoon dogs. Safety of SAG2 was demonstrated after direct instillation (n = 5) or ingestion of a bait (n = 5) using a quantity of virus at least 10 times superior to the field dose. All animals seroconverted and remained healthy. Raccoon dogs were vaccinated by SAG2 bait ingestion and unvaccinated raccoon dogs were kept as controls. More than 6 months after oral vaccination, all animals were challenged with a highly virulent street rabies virus. All 28 vaccinated animals developed high rabies neutralizing antibody titres. After virulent challenge, all 11 controls succumbed to rabies, whereas all 28 vaccinates survived. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 AFSSA NANCY, WHO Collaborating Ctr Res & Management Zoonoses C, OIE Reference Lab Rabies, Community Reference Lab Rabies Serol, F-54220 Malzeville, France. Conseils Pharm & Biol, F-69110 St Foy Les Lyon, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Branch, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Rabies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cliquet, F (reprint author), AFSSA NANCY, WHO Collaborating Ctr Res & Management Zoonoses C, OIE Reference Lab Rabies, Community Reference Lab Rabies Serol, Domaine Pixerecourt,BP 9, F-54220 Malzeville, France. EM f.cliquet@nancy.afssa.fr NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 20 BP 4386 EP 4392 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.02.057 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 049LA UT WOS:000238016600018 PM 16603277 ER PT J AU Simmerman, JM Lertiendumrong, J Dowell, SF Uyeki, T Olsen, SJ Chittaganpitch, M Chunsutthiwat, S Tangcharoensathien, V AF Simmerman, JM Lertiendumrong, J Dowell, SF Uyeki, T Olsen, SJ Chittaganpitch, M Chunsutthiwat, S Tangcharoensathien, V TI The cost of influenza in Thailand SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; cost of illness; Thailand ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; HEALTHY WORKING ADULTS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PRODUCTIVITY COSTS; PCR ASSAY; HONG-KONG; VACCINATION; CHILDREN; IMPACT; COMMUNITY AB The cost of influenza in less wealthy tropical countries is needed to inform national vaccine policy decisions. Between September 2003 and August 2004, we prospectively identified hospitalized pneumonia cases and outpatients with laboratory confirmed influenza in a Thai province. Disease incidence, patient interviews, medical record reviews, and data from a national health survey were used to calculate direct and indirect costs which were extrapolated to the Thai population. Influenza was identified in 80 (11%) of 761 hospitalized pneumonia inpatients with projected annual incidence of 18-111/100,000 population. Influenza was confirmed in 23% of 1092 outpatients with an estimated annual incidence of 1420/100,000 population. Influenza was estimated to cause between US$ 23.4 and US$ 62.9 million in economic losses with lost productivity accounting for 56% of all costs. The burden of influenza in Thailand is greater than previously appreciated, particularly in young children and the elderly. The impact and cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination for high-risk groups merits further investigation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Int Emerging Infect Program, APO, AP 96546 USA. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Int Hlth & Policy Program, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. RP Simmerman, JM (reprint author), WHO, 63 Tran Hung Dao St, Hanoi, Vietnam. EM msimmerman@cdc.gov; jongkol@ihpp.thaigov.net; sdowell@cdc.gov; tmu0@cdc.gov; sco2@cdc.gov; malinee@dmsc.moph.go.th; schunsu@health.moph.go.th; viroj@ihpp.thaigov.net NR 65 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 20 BP 4417 EP 4426 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.12.060 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 049LA UT WOS:000238016600022 PM 16621187 ER PT J AU Grubb, JR Moorman, AC Baker, RK Masur, H AF Grubb, JR Moorman, AC Baker, RK Masur, H CA HOPS Investigators TI The changing spectrum of pulmonary disease in patients with HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE AIDS; antiretroviral therapy; HIV; immune reconstitution; lung; pulmonary disease ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MULTICENTRIC-CASTLEMAN-DISEASE; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; PEGYLATED LIPOSOMAL DOXORUBICIN; AIDS-RELATED LYMPHOMA; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA C1 NIH, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. RP Masur, H (reprint author), NIH, Ctr Clin, Dept Crit Care Med, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hmasur@cc.nih.gov NR 102 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 12 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1095 EP 1107 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000226949.64600.f9 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 051BM UT WOS:000238135300002 PM 16691060 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Hanson, DL Teshale, EH Wotring, LL Brooks, JT AF Sullivan, PS Hanson, DL Teshale, EH Wotring, LL Brooks, JT TI Effect of hepatitis C infection on progression of HIV disease and early response to initial antiretroviral therapy SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HAART; hepatitis C; HIV; survival ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LONGITUDINAL DATA; LIVER-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS; COINFECTION; COHORT; SURVIVAL; MORTALITY; IMPACT AB Objectives: To describe the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the progression of HIV disease and on early changes in the CD4 cell count and HIV viral load after HAART initiation. Design and methods: Data were from a longitudinal medical records review project conducted in over 100 US medical clinics from 1998 to 2004. We ana lysed data from HIV-infected patients who received antiretroviral therapy (ART), calculated adjusted hazard ratios describing the hazard of death or progression to an AIDS-defining opportunistic illness (AIDS-OI) associated with prevalent HCV infection, and estimated the change in CD4 cell count and HIV viral load after HAART initiation, stratified by HCV status. Results: A total of 10 481 HIV-infected individuals were followed for a median of 1.9 years; 19% had HCV. HCV infection was not associated with progression to AIDS-OI or death after controlling for important confounding conditions. Factors significantly confounding the risk of both death and diagnosis of an AIDS-OI were alcoholism, drug-induced hepatitis, and the type of ART prescribed. Acute and chronic hepatitis B infection confounded the risk of AIDS-OI diagnosis. During the 12 months after starting HAART, proportional increases in CD4 cell counts did not differ between HCV-infected and HCV-uninfected individuals. Likewise, the short-term change in viral load did not differ. Conclusion: In our cohort, HCV did not increase the risk of death or AIDS-OI, and did not affect the early immunological or virological response to initial HAART. Clinicians should evaluate patients with HCV for other, manageable problems, including alcoholism and other viral hepatitis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, HIV AIDS Surveillance, Detroit, MI USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, HIV AIDS Surveillance, Lansing, MI USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pss0@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 46 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 12 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1171 EP 1179 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000226958.87471.48 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 051BM UT WOS:000238135300011 PM 16691069 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Glass, RI AF Parashar, UD Glass, RI TI Public health - Progress toward rotavirus vaccines SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ORAL VACCINES; INTUSSUSCEPTION; EFFICACY; INFANTS; SAFETY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM uap2@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 12 PY 2006 VL 312 IS 5775 BP 851 EP 852 DI 10.1126/science.1128827 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 041JQ UT WOS:000237452900024 PM 16690845 ER PT J AU Sanchez, CA Krieger, RI Khandaker, NR Valentin-Blasini, L Blount, BC AF Sanchez, CA Krieger, RI Khandaker, NR Valentin-Blasini, L Blount, BC TI Potential perchlorate exposure from Citrus sp irrigated with contaminated water SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE lemon (Citrus limon); grapefruit (Citrus paradise); orange (Citrus sinensis); Colorado River; perchlorate ID LAS-VEGAS WASH; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS; VEGETATION; NITRATE; RIVER AB Citrus produced in the southwestern United States is often irrigated with perchlorate-contaminated water. This irrigation water includes Colorado River water which is contaminated with perchlorate from a manufacturing plant previously located near the Las Vegas Wash, and ground water from wells in Riverside and San Bernardino counties of California which are affected by a perchlorate plume associated with an aerospace facility once located near Redlands, California. Studies were conducted to evaluate the uptake and distribution of perchlorate in citrus irrigated with contaminated water, and estimate potential human exposure to perchlorate from the various citrus types including lemon (Citrus limon), grapefruit (Citrus paradise), and orange (Citrus sinensis) produced in the region. Perchlorate concentrations ranged from less than 2-9 mu g/L for Colorado River water and from below detection to approximately 18 mu g/L for water samples from wells used to irrigate citrus. Destructive sampling of lemon trees produced with Colorado River water show perchlorate concentrations larger in the leaves (1835 mu g/kg dry weight (dw)) followed by the fruit (128 mu g/kg dw). Mean perchlorate concentrations in roots, trunk, and branches were all less than 30 mu g/kg dw. Fruit pulp analyzed in the survey show perchlorate concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 38 mu g/kg fresh weight (fw), and were related to the perchlorate concentration of irrigation water. Mean hypothetical exposures (mu g/person/day) of children and adults from lemons (0.005 and 0.009), grapefruit (0.03 and 0.24), and oranges (0.51 and 1.20) were estimated. These data show that potential perchlorate exposures from citrus in the southwestern United States are negligible relative to the reference dose recommended by the National Academy of Sciences. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Yuma Agr Ctr, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Personal Chem Exposure Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sanchez, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Yuma Agr Ctr, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. EM sanchez@ag.arizona.edu NR 30 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 567 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.013 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 046UO UT WOS:000237836800006 PM 17723376 ER PT J AU Yu, L Cheng, QQ Canas, J Valentin-Blasini, L Blount, BC Anderson, T AF Yu, L Cheng, QQ Canas, J Valentin-Blasini, L Blount, BC Anderson, T TI Challenges in determining perchlorate in biological tissues and fluids: Implications for characterizing perchlorate exposure SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; biological tissues; cleanup methods; ion chromatography ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRACE PERCHLORATE; WATER; SAMPLES; EXTRACTION; PLANTS; QUANTITATION; PERFORMANCE; SELECTIVITY AB The ability to measure environmental contaminants in biological tissues and fluids is important in the characterization of exposure. However, the analysis of certain contaminants in these matrices presents significant challenges. Perchlorate (ClO4-) has emerged as a potential contaminant of concern primarily in drinking water and also in contaminated food. Significant advances have been made in the analysis of perchlorate in environmental matrices (water, soil) by ion chromatography (IC). In contrast, the analysis of perchlorate in extracts of biological tissues and fluids (vegetation, organs, milk, blood, urine, etc.) presents several challenges including small sample sizes, extracts with high matrix conductivity, and co-elution of other ions during IC analysis. To be able to detect low concentrations of perchlorate in biological samples, interferences must be removed or minimized, such as through the use of preparative chromatography cleanup techniques and/or alternative analytical methods less susceptible to common interferences (preconcentration or mass spectrometric detection). We present discussion and examples of the challenges encountered in the analysis of tissue extracts and fluids for perchlorate by IC and how some of those analytical challenges have been overcome. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Chem, Nacogdoches, TX 75961 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Anderson, T (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Box 41163, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM todd.anderson@ttu.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 567 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.056 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 046UO UT WOS:000237836800010 PM 17723380 ER PT J AU Blount, BC Valentin-Blasini, L AF Blount, BC Valentin-Blasini, L TI Analysis of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate and iodide in human amniotic fluid using ion chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; thiocyanate; nitrate; iodide; amniotic fluid; IC; MS ID URINARY IODINE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; PLACENTAL-TRANSFER; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; SYMPORTER; MILK; EXPRESSION; NUTRITION; EXCRETION AB Because of health concerns surrounding in utero exposure to perchlorate, we developed a sensitive and selective method for quantifying iodide, as well as perchlorate and other sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors in human an-miotic fluid using ion chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Iodide and NIS inhibitors were quantified using a stable isotope-labeled internal standards ((ClO4-)-O-18, (SCN-)-C-13 and (NO3-)-N-15 with excellent assay accuracy of 100%, 98%, 99%, 95% for perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate and iodide, respectively, in triplicate analysis of spiked amniotic fluid sample). Excellent analytical precision (< 5.2% RSD for all analytes) was found when amniotic fluid quality control pools were repetitively analyzed for iodide and NIS-inhibitors. Selective chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry reduced the need for sample cleanup, resulting in a rugged and rapid method capable of routinely analyzing 75 samples/day. Analytical response was linear across the physiologically relevant concentration range for the analytes. Analysis of a set of 48 amniotic fluid samples identified the range and median levels for perchlorate (0.057-0.71, 0.18 mu g/L), thiocyanate (< 10-5860, 89 mu g/L), nitrate (650-8900, 1620 mu g/L) and iodide (1.7-170, 8.1 mu g/L). This selective, sensitive, and rapid method will help assess exposure of the developing fetus to low levels of NIS-inhibitors and their potential to inhibit thyroid function. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Blount, BC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bblount@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 567 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.010 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 046UO UT WOS:000237836800013 PM 17723383 ER PT J AU Beauchamp, RA Willis, TM Betz, TG Villanacci, J Leiker, RD Rozin, L Brown, MJ Homa, DM Dignam, TA Morta, T AF Beauchamp, RA Willis, TM Betz, TG Villanacci, J Leiker, RD Rozin, L Brown, MJ Homa, DM Dignam, TA Morta, T TI Deaths associated with hypocalcemia from chelation therapy - Texas, Pennsylvania, and Oregon, 2003-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 204-207, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX 78756 USA. CDC, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beauchamp, RA (reprint author), Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX 78756 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 18 BP 2131 EP 2133 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 040OW UT WOS:000237391300009 ER PT J AU Mirabal, B Rodriguez, I Velez, CN Crosby, A Hoffmann, J AF Mirabal, B Rodriguez, I Velez, CN Crosby, A Hoffmann, J TI Homicides among children and young adults - Puerto Rico, 1999- 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 361-364, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Ctr Hispan Youth Violence Prevent, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mirabal, B (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Ctr Hispan Youth Violence Prevent, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 18 BP 2133 EP 2134 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 040OW UT WOS:000237391300010 ER PT J AU Fry, AM Shay, DK AF Fry, AM Shay, DK TI Hospitalization trends for pneumonia among older persons - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; EFFICACY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fry, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM agf1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 18 BP 2138 EP 2138 DI 10.1001/jama.295.18.2138-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 040OW UT WOS:000237391300018 ER PT J AU Liang, FY Lu, MM Birch, ME Keener, TC Liu, ZF AF Liang, FY Lu, MM Birch, ME Keener, TC Liu, ZF TI Determination of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in diesel particulate matter and diesel fuel by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE PASH; diesel particulate matter; diesel fuel; GC/AED; engine load ID HYDRODESULFURIZATION; GASOLINE; OIL AB The sulfur content of diesel fuel is of environmental concern because sulfur can facilitate the formation of diesel particulate matter (DPM) and sulfur dioxide (SO,) in the exhaust can poison catalytic converters. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established more stringent regulations to reduce the sulfur content of diesel fuels in the near future. In this study, various types of organosulfur compounds in DPM extracts and the corresponding fuels have been determined by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection. The diesel fuels used have sulfur contents of 2284 and 433 ppm, respectively, and are labeled as high-sulfur and low-sulfur diesel fuels. The compounds identified are mainly polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs). In the fuels tested, trimethylbenzothiophenes (TMBTs), dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), and 4-methyldibenzothiophene (4-MDBT) were the most abundant sulfur compounds, while larger PASH compounds were more abundant in DPM extracts. The high-sulfur diesel fuel contained a larger proportion of PASHs with one or two rings (lighter PASHs). In DPM, the concentrations of total organic sulfur and individual PASHs are higher for the high-sulfur diesel fuel, and the relative percentage of one or two-ring PASHs is higher as well. The influence of engine load on the DPM composition was also examined. With increasing load, the PASH concentration in DPM decreased for lighter PASHs, increased for heavier PASHs, and had a bell-shaped distribution for PASHs in between. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, NIOSH,Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Lu, MM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 210071, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM mingming.lu@uc.edu RI Liu, Zifei/G-6931-2014 OI Liu, Zifei/0000-0003-1090-9878 NR 28 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 5 PY 2006 VL 1114 IS 1 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.096 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 034RR UT WOS:000236948800018 PM 16574137 ER PT J AU Huang, WL Caudill, SP Grainger, J Needham, LL Patterson, DG AF Huang, WL Caudill, SP Grainger, J Needham, LL Patterson, DG TI Levels of 1-hydroxypyrene and other monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in children: A study based on US reference range values SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pyrene; PAH exposure; reference range; children; urine; GC/MS ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; CHILDHOOD BRAIN-TUMORS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; COKE-OVEN WORKERS; URINARY 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; GENERAL-POPULATION; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; AIR-POLLUTION; PARENTAL USE AB Urine samples collected in 1999 and 2000 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed for 14 monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH, metabolites of 7 PAH compounds) and for the first time reference range values were calculated for these metabolites in the U.S. population. The purpose of this paper is to explore differences in these PAH metabolites between children (6-11 years old), adolescents, and adults. More than 99% of the urine samples contained a detectable amount of I-hydroxypyrene (I -OHpyrene), a metabolite of pyrene. We found that children in the youngest age group (6-11 years) had a geometric mean level (creatinine corrected data) 30% higher than children and adults in the other age groups, but no statistical differences existed between the two genders and among different racial groups. Smokers and persons exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in 12-19-year-old group and the 20-year-and-older group had higher levels of urinary I -OHpyrene by a factor of 2-3 than non-smokers in the corresponding age group. Measurements of 3-hydroxyphenanthrene also suggested increased levels in children and in smokers. These results may indicate that young children are at a greater risk for PAH exposure, or that they absorb, distribute, metabolize. or eliminate PAH differently than adults. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Patterson, DG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DPatterson@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD MAY 5 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 1 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.08.003 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 029BQ UT WOS:000236533300002 PM 16466866 ER PT J AU Walsh, J Fraser, G Hunt, E Husband, B Nalluswami, K Pollard, K Reynolds, S Urdaneta, V Weltman, A Aston, C Balter, S Beatrice, S Beaudry, G Berg, D Clark, N Frieden, T Karpati, A Layton, M Lee, L Leighton, J Moskin, L Mullin, S Phillips, M Paykin, A Prud'homme, J Slavinski, S Tucker, A Weisfuse, I Weis, D Wolsk, G Bacon, C Glasgow, E Gomez, T Swartz, W Baden, D Clark, T Dauphin, LA Diaz, P Dykewicz, CA Fleischauer, A Frank, M Gee, JE Hoffmaster, A Kim, H Marston, C Meyer, R McQuiston, J Newton, B Papagiotqas, S Pesik, N Piester, T Quinn, C Reagan, S Rotz, L Rosenberg, P Rosenstein, N Shadomy, S Semanova, V Treadwell, T Wilkins, P Winchell, J Burr, G Dowell, C Hornsby-Myers, J Kiefer, M King, B Nguyen, TQ Arboleda, N Tsoi, B AF Walsh, J Fraser, G Hunt, E Husband, B Nalluswami, K Pollard, K Reynolds, S Urdaneta, V Weltman, A Aston, C Balter, S Beatrice, S Beaudry, G Berg, D Clark, N Frieden, T Karpati, A Layton, M Lee, L Leighton, J Moskin, L Mullin, S Phillips, M Paykin, A Prud'homme, J Slavinski, S Tucker, A Weisfuse, I Weis, D Wolsk, G Bacon, C Glasgow, E Gomez, T Swartz, W Baden, D Clark, T Dauphin, LA Diaz, P Dykewicz, CA Fleischauer, A Frank, M Gee, JE Hoffmaster, A Kim, H Marston, C Meyer, R McQuiston, J Newton, B Papagiotqas, S Pesik, N Piester, T Quinn, C Reagan, S Rotz, L Rosenberg, P Rosenstein, N Shadomy, S Semanova, V Treadwell, T Wilkins, P Winchell, J Burr, G Dowell, C Hornsby-Myers, J Kiefer, M King, B Nguyen, TQ Arboleda, N Tsoi, B CA CDC TI Inhalation anthrax associated with dried animal hides - Pennsylvania and New York City, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 280-282, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Robert Packer Hosp, Sayre, PA 18840 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Walsh, J (reprint author), Robert Packer Hosp, Sayre, PA 18840 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 17 BP 1991 EP 1993 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 038MF UT WOS:000237225100005 ER PT J AU Khetsuriani, N LaMonte, A Stockman, L Oberste, S Pallansch, M Camp, B Malek, M AF Khetsuriani, N LaMonte, A Stockman, L Oberste, S Pallansch, M Camp, B Malek, M CA CDC TI Enterovirus surveillance - United States, 2002- 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 153-156, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Associated Reg & Univ Pathol Labs, Diagnost Virol Lab, Salt Lake City, UT USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khetsuriani, N (reprint author), Associated Reg & Univ Pathol Labs, Diagnost Virol Lab, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 17 BP 1993 EP 1994 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 038MF UT WOS:000237225100006 ER PT J AU McNeill, KM Byers, P Kittle, T Hand, S Parham, J Mena, L Blackmore, C Rowan, A Kintz, JM George, D Moolenaar, RL Shults, R Montgomery, J Shepard, C Wright, C Kuehnert, M Newman, L Doyle, T Mootrey, G Burger, R Bertulfo, J Koops, G Stern, E Breiding, M Burwell, L Cain, K Chang, D Cohn, A Finkbeiner, T Jain, S Jordan, H Liang, J Melius, E Rao, C Soud, F Uhde, K Van Sickle, D AF McNeill, KM Byers, P Kittle, T Hand, S Parham, J Mena, L Blackmore, C Rowan, A Kintz, JM George, D Moolenaar, RL Shults, R Montgomery, J Shepard, C Wright, C Kuehnert, M Newman, L Doyle, T Mootrey, G Burger, R Bertulfo, J Koops, G Stern, E Breiding, M Burwell, L Cain, K Chang, D Cohn, A Finkbeiner, T Jain, S Jordan, H Liang, J Melius, E Rao, C Soud, F Uhde, K Van Sickle, D CA CDC TI Surveillance for illness and injury after Hurricane Katrina - Three counties, Mississippi, September 5 October 11, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 231-234, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE; DISCHARGE DIAGNOSIS; CHIEF COMPLAINT C1 Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Epi Strike Team, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNeill, KM (reprint author), Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 17 BP 1994 EP 1996 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 038MF UT WOS:000237225100007 ER PT J AU Holtz, TH Sternberg, M Kammerer, S Laserson, KF Riekstina, V Zarovska, E Skripconoka, V Wells, CD Leimane, V AF Holtz, TH Sternberg, M Kammerer, S Laserson, KF Riekstina, V Zarovska, E Skripconoka, V Wells, CD Leimane, V TI Time to sputum culture conversion in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Predictors and relationship to treatment outcome SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; EXPERIENCE; RIFAMPIN; LATVIA AB Background: Conversion of sputum mycobacterial cultures from positive growth to negative growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is considered the most important interim indicator of the efficacy of anti-TB pharmacologic treatment for multidrug-resistant disease. Objective: To evaluate and compare time to and predictors of initial sputum culture conversion with predictors of treatment outcome for patients with multidrug-resistant TB. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Latvia. Patients: All civilian patients with multidrug-resistant TB treated with the DOTS-Plus strategy between 1 January and 31 December 2000. Intervention: Individualized treatment for confirmed sputum culture-positive pulmonary multidrug-resistant TB. Measurements: Time to initial sputum culture conversion and treatment outcome. Results: Among 167 patients who were sputum culture-positive at initiation of second-line therapy, 129 (77%) converted in a median time of 60 days (range, 4 to 462 days) and 38 (23%) did not convert. independent predictors of a longer sputum culture conversion time, using an accelerated failure time regression model, included previous treatment for multidrug-resistant TB, high initial sputum culture colony count, bilateral cavitations on chest radiography, and the number of drugs the initial isolate was resistant to at treatment initiation. Treatment outcomes were statistically significantly worse for patients who did not convert their sputum culture within 2 months. Limitations: Twenty-five percent of patients missed 5 or more monthly sputum collections. Conclusions: Under program conditions in Latvia, most patents with multidrug-resistant TB achieved sputum culture conversion within 12 weeks of starting treatment. Chest radiography and sputum culture drug susceptibility testing can assist physicians in predicting which patients will convert more slowly. Sputum culture conversion is a useful and appropriate interim indicator of treatment outcome in patients with multidrug-resistant TB. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. State Agcy TB & Lung Dis, Riga, Latvia. RP Holtz, TH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tholtz@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U23 CCU021873] NR 28 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 2 PY 2006 VL 144 IS 9 BP 650 EP 659 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 039GJ UT WOS:000237293700004 PM 16670134 ER PT J AU Vogt, TM Perz, JF Van Houten, CK Harrington, R Hansuld, T Bialek, SR Johnston, R Bratlie, R Williams, IT AF Vogt, TM Perz, JF Van Houten, CK Harrington, R Hansuld, T Bialek, SR Johnston, R Bratlie, R Williams, IT TI An outbreak of hepatitis B virus infection among methamphetamine injectors: the role of sharing injection drug equipment SO ADDICTION LA English DT Article DE disease outbreaks; hepatitis B; intravenous; methamphetamine; substance abuse; vaccination ID RISK-FACTORS; USERS AB Aim To identify risk factors for acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among Wyoming methamphetamine injectors. Design A case-control study conducted in the setting of an outbreak. Setting A county in central Wyoming, United States. Participants Cases were identified through surveillance and contact tracing and were defined as Natrona County, Wyoming, residents who were either symptomatic or confirmed serologically to be acutely infected with HBV during January-August, 2003. Controls were susceptible to HBV infection. All participants identified themselves as methamphetamine injectors. Measurements Participants were administered a survey that inquired about risk factors for HBV infection, including drug use practices and sexual behaviors. Controls were also tested serologically for acute HBV infection. Findings Among the 18 case-patients and 49 controls who participated in the study, sharing water used to prepare injections and/or rinse syringes was associated with HBV infection (94% of case-participants versus 44% of controls; OR = 21.9, 95% CI: 2.7, 177.8), as was sharing cotton filters (89% of case-participants versus 52% of controls; OR = 7.4, 95% CI: 1.5, 35.6); sharing syringes was not statistically associated. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and interview site, sharing rinse water and sharing cotton remained statistically associated. Conclusions Methamphetamine use has become increasingly prevalent in the United States. Our findings highlight the need for awareness of risks associated with injection drug use and sharing behaviors. Enhanced hepatitis B vaccination programs and educational campaigns that target methamphetamine injectors specifically, including those living in rural areas, should be developed and implemented. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Prevent Hlth & Safety Div, Cheyenne, WY USA. Casper Natrona Cty Hlth Dept, Casper, WY USA. RP Vogt, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tcv3@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0965-2140 J9 ADDICTION JI Addiction PD MAY PY 2006 VL 101 IS 5 BP 726 EP 730 DI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01407.x PG 5 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 034ER UT WOS:000236911800028 PM 16669906 ER PT J AU Kapiga, SH Sam, NE Mlay, J Aboud, S Ballard, RC Shao, JF Larsen, U AF Kapiga, SH Sam, NE Mlay, J Aboud, S Ballard, RC Shao, JF Larsen, U TI The epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in northern Tanzania: Results from a community-based study SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT INFECTIONS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; MYCOPLASMA-GENITALIUM; POPULATION; WOMEN; RISK; PREVALENCE; REGION; HERPESVIRUSES AB We conducted a community-based study to determine the predictors of HIV-1 among women aged 20-44 years (N = 1,418) and their regular male partners (N = 566) from randomly selected households in Moshi, Tanzania. The weighted prevalence of HIV-1 was 10.3% in women and 7% in men. The highest risk of HIV-1 was in subjects whose partners were HIV-1 seropositive in both women ( adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 26.63; 95% confidence interval (CI): 10.74-66.02) and men (AOR =22.25; 95% CI: 7.06-70.15). Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Mycoplasma genitalium were also significantly associated with HIV-1. Women with male partners >= 12 years older than themselves had increased risk of HIV-1 (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.01-7.85). Other predictors of HIV-1 were history of infertility and the number of sex partners in the last three years in women and the age at time of circumcision and history of past sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in male partners. These findings show that HIV-1/STDs were major public health problems among women and their long-term partners in this population. HIV-1 prevention efforts should include promotion of couple's HIV-1 counseling and testing services, control of HSV-2, promotion of safer sexual practices and strategies to reduce the age difference between women and their partners. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Int Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Kilimanjaro Christian Med Ctr, Moshi, Tanzania. Natl Bur Stat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kapiga, SH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Int Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 1,Room 1105, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM skapiga@hsph.harvard.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD41202] NR 25 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD MAY PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 379 EP 387 DI 10.1080/09540120500465012 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 051ZZ UT WOS:000238201500014 PM 16809117 ER PT J AU Hambidge, SJ Phibbs, SL Davidson, AJ LeBaron, CW Chandramouli, V Fairclough, DL Steiner, JF AF Hambidge, SJ Phibbs, SL Davidson, AJ LeBaron, CW Chandramouli, V Fairclough, DL Steiner, JF TI Individually significant risk factors do not provide an accurate clinical prediction rule for infant underimmunization in one disadvantaged urban area SO AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 01-04, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediat Acad Soc DE child immunization; clinical prediction rule; Latino paradox; vaccination ID WELL-CHILD CARE; IMMUNIZATION RATES; REMINDER/RECALL INTERVENTIONS; DELAYED IMMUNIZATION; HEALTH BEHAVIORS; VACCINATION; COVERAGE; DELIVERY; ACCULTURATION; BARRIERS AB Objective.-To define a clinical prediction rule for underimmunization in children of low socioeconomic status. Methods.-We assessed a cohort of 1160 infants born from July 1998 through June 1999 at an urban safety net hospital that received primary care at 4 community health centers. The main Outcome measure was up-to-date status with the 3:2:2:2 infant vaccine series at 12 months of age. Results.-Latino infants (n = 959, 83% of cohort) had iminunization rates of 74%, at least 18% higher than any other racial/ethnic group. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated the following independent associations (relative risk, 95% confidence interval) for inadequate immunization: non-Latino ethnicity (1.7, 1.4-2.0). maternal smoking (1.3, 1.1-1.7), no health insurance (1.9, 1.4-2.3), late prenatal care (1.9, 1.5-2.3), no pediatric chronic condition (2.1, 1.2-3.1), and no intent to breast-feed (1.3, 1.1-1.6). However. the index of concordance (c-index) for this model was only 0.69. Neither excluding infants who left the health care system nor accounting for infants who were "late starters" for their first vaccines improved the predictive accuracy of the model. Conclusions.-In this predominantly Latino population of low socioeconomic status, Latino infants have higher immunization rates than other infants. However, we were unable to develop a model to reliably predict which infants in this population were underimmunized. Models to predict underimmunization should be tested in other settings. In this population, interventions to improve immunization rates must be targeted at all children without respect to individual risk factors. C1 Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO USA. Univ Colorado Denver, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Aurora, CO USA. Hlth Sci Ctr, Aurora, CO USA. Denver Hlth, Denver Community Hlth Serv, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hambidge, SJ (reprint author), Denver Hlth Med Ctr, 777 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM simon.hambidge@uchsc.edu FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS 252-13/15]; PHS HHS [D54 HP00054] NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1530-1567 J9 AMBUL PEDIATR JI Ambul. Pediatr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.ambp.2006.01.002 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 046CK UT WOS:000237788800009 PM 16713935 ER PT J AU Richter, PA Pederson, LL O'Hegarty, MM AF Richter, PA Pederson, LL O'Hegarty, MM TI Young adult smoker risk perceptions of traditional cigarettes and nontraditional tobacco products SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE young adults; risk perception; cigarettes; nontraditional tobacco products; racial/ethnic groups ID COLLEGE-STUDENTS; SMOKING AB Objective: To explore risk perceptions of traditional and nontraditional tobacco products (NTPs) among young adult smokers. Methods: Focus groups with African Americans, non-Hispanic whites, and Hispanics. Risk ratings of fight, regular, and menthol cigarettes and of NTPs and marijuana and cigarettes were compared. Results: Participants tended to view light cigarettes as safer than regular cigarettes. Shisha and herbal products were rated as safer than traditional cigarettes, but there were differences in ratings by race/ethnicity, related to preferred cigarette variety. Conclusions: Health communication messages about the use of cigarettes and NTPs should consider risk perceptions about the products and racial/ethnic differences. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Richter, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pir1@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 9 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 3 BP 302 EP 312 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 038VZ UT WOS:000237258900008 PM 16712444 ER PT J AU Schiller, JS Ni, H AF Schiller, JS Ni, H TI Cigarette smoking and smoking cessation among persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE lung diseases; tobacco; health surveys; smoking cessation; health promotion; prevention research; manuscript format : research; research purpose : modeling/relationship testing; study design : nonexperimental; outcome measure : behavioral; setting : state/national; health focus : smoking control; strategy : skill building/behavior change; target population : adults; target population circumstances : education/income level; race/ethnicity AB Purpose. To identify factors predictive of smoking cessation among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Data from the 1997 to 2002 National Health Interview Surveys were analyzed for adults at least 25 years of age with COPD using logistic regression. Results. Of the adults with COPD, 36.2% were current smokers. Of the current smokers and former smokers who had quit smoking during the past year, 22.9% reported not receiving cessation, advice from a health care professional during the past year Although half of smokers with COPD had attempted to quit during the past yew, only 14.6% were successful. Attempting to quit was negatively associated, with heavy drinking but. positively associated with being younger and having cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and activity limitation due to lung problems. factors predictive of successful cessation included being at least 65 years old, not being poor, and activity limitation due to lung problems. Conclusion. This study underscores the importance of continuing to develop smoking cessation strategies for COPD patients and implementing clinical guidelines on smoking cessation among health care providers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Schiller, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 2334, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jdv2@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP 319 EP 323 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 041WL UT WOS:000237487100004 PM 16706002 ER PT J AU Calvert, GM Barnett, M Mehler, LN Becker, A Das, R Beckman, J Male, D Sievert, J Thomsen, C Morrissey, B AF Calvert, GM Barnett, M Mehler, LN Becker, A Das, R Beckman, J Male, D Sievert, J Thomsen, C Morrissey, B TI Acute pesticide-related illness among emergency responders, 1993-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pesticides; poisoning; police; fire; emergency medical technicians ID EXPOSURE; EVENTS AB Background Emergency responders are among the first to arrive at a pesticide-related release event. Magnitude, severity, and risk factor information on acute pesticide poisoning among those workers is needed. Methods Survey data collected from the SENSOR-Pesticides, CDPR and HSEES programs between 1993 and 2002 from 21 states were reviewed. Acute occupational pesticide-related illness incidence rates for each category of emergency responder were calculated, as were incidence rate ratios (IRR) among emergency responders compared to all other workers employed in non-agricultural industries. Results A total of 291 cases were identified. Firefighters accounted for 111 cases (38%), law enforcement officers for 104 cases (36%), emergency medical technicians for 34 cases (12%), and 42 cases (14%) were unspecified emergency responders. Among the 200 cases with information on activity responsible for exposure, most were exposed while performing activities related to a pesticide release event (84%) and not involving patient care, while the remainder involved exposure to pesticide-contaminated patients. A majority of cases were exposed to insecticides (51%). Most had low severity illnesses (90%). The incidence rate was highest for firefighters (39.1/million) and law enforcement officers (26.6/million). The IRRs were also elevated for these professions (firefighters, IRR = 2.67; law enforcement officers, IRR = 1.69). Conclusions The findings suggest the need for greater efforts to prevent acute occupational pesticide-related illness among emergency responders. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Strateg Opt Consulting Inc, Portland, OR USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Occupat Hlth Branch, Oakland, CA USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Oakland, CA USA. Bur Occupat Hlth, New York State Dept Hlth, Troy, NY USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv Environm & Injury Epid, Austin, TX USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv Hlth Serv Environm & Occup, Portland, OR USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Environm Hlth & Safety, Olympia, WA USA. RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM jac6@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 383 EP 393 DI 10.1002/ajim.20286 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 034HD UT WOS:000236918900009 PM 16570258 ER PT J AU Cowan, AE Winston, CA Davis, MM Wortley, PM Clark, SJ AF Cowan, AE Winston, CA Davis, MM Wortley, PM Clark, SJ TI Influenza vaccination status and influenza-related perspectives and practices among US physicians SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; LONG-TERM-CARE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HIGH-RISK; NOSOCOMIAL INFLUENZA; ACCEPTANCE; ATTITUDES; IMMUNIZATION; INDIVIDUALS; RESIDENTS AB Background and Objective: The influenza vaccination rate among US healthcare workers (HCWs) remains low. This survey was designed to assess influenza vaccination status and related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among a national sample of primary care physicians and subspecialists likely to see patients at high risk for complications from influenza. Methods: We used a mail survey of a national random sample of 495 family physicians (FPs), 491 internists (IMs), 498 geriatricians (GERs), and 497 pulmonologists (PUDs). Results: The overall response rate was 38%. Almost all respondents (87%) reported receiving an influenza vaccine during the 2003-2004 influenza season, with no significant difference across specialty groups (84% FPs, 87% IMs, 87% GERs, 91% PUDs). In a multivariate model, adjusted for physician specialty and age group, significant predictors of vaccination were: strong agreement that HCWs have professional responsibility to be vaccinated, access to vaccination on site and free of charge, strong worksite recommendation for HCWs to be vaccinated, and strong agreement that benefits of vaccination outweigh risk of side effects. Conclusions: Physicians reported a high influenza vaccination rate. To improve these rates further, with likely benefits for other HCWs, worksite policies that facilitate access to vaccination and documentation of reductions in nosocomial influenza associated with HCW vaccination should continue to be pursued. C1 Univ Michigan, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Div Gen Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Gerald R Ford Sch Publ Policy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cowan, AE (reprint author), 300 N Ingalls,Rm 6C27, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cowana@med.umich.edu NR 33 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD MAY PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 164 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.09.007 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 042HO UT WOS:000237519100002 PM 16679171 ER PT J AU Talaat, M Kandeel, A Rasslan, O Hajjeh, R Hallaj, Z El-Sayed, N Mahoney, FJ AF Talaat, M Kandeel, A Rasslan, O Hajjeh, R Hallaj, Z El-Sayed, N Mahoney, FJ TI Evolution of infection control in Egypt: Achievements and challenges SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY; EXCESS LENGTH; RISK-FACTORS; EXTRA COSTS; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; WORKERS AB Background: The high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Egypt highlighted the urgent need for implementing infection control (IC) programs in Egypt. Objectives: The Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP), in collaboration with the US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3. and the World Health Organization (WHO), developed a national plan to initiate an IC program with the objectives of improving quality of care and reducing transmission of hospital-acquired infections. Methods: The strategic plan for this program included setting up an organizational structure, developing IC national guidelines, training health care workers, promoting occupational safety, and establishing a system for monitoring and evaluation. Implementation of the program started in late 2001. Results: The achievements to date include developing a national organizational structure, IC guidelines, and a comprehensive IC training program. To date, a total of 72 hospitals in 13 governorates have been enrolled in the program, and 235 IC professionals have been trained. Conclusions: Many challenges were faced, including administrative, financial, and motivational difficulties. Future plans include expansion of the program to cover all 27 governorates of Egypt and establishment of a surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections. The process of developing the IC program in Egypt may serve as a model for other resource-limited countries that seek to initiate similar programs. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Infect Control Unit, Dis Surveillance Program, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Talaat, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Infect Control Unit, PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM talaatm@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 26 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD MAY PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.05.028 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 042HO UT WOS:000237519100007 PM 16679176 ER PT J AU Geiss, LS Pan, LP Cadwell, B Gregg, EW Benjamin, SM Engelgau, MM AF Geiss, LS Pan, LP Cadwell, B Gregg, EW Benjamin, SM Engelgau, MM TI Changes in incidence of diabetes in US adults, 1997-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BODY-MASS INDEX; RISK-FACTORS; LIFE-STYLE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MELLITUS; TRENDS; OBESITY; POPULATION; PREVALENCE AB Background: The incidence of self-reported diagnosed diabetes may be increasing because of recent changes in the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, enhanced case detection, and a true increase in disease incidence. These factors may also be changing the characteristics of newly diagnosed cases. Therefore, we examined recent trends in the incidence of diagnosed diabetes, changes to the characteristics of incident cases, and factors associated with incidence. Methods: First, National Health Interview Survey data for 1997 to 2003 were used to examine 7-year trends in the incidence of diagnosed diabetes among U.S. adults aged 18 to 79 years. Second, among 1997-1998 and 2002-2003 incident cases, differences in sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and indicators of health status were examined. Lastly, multivariate-adjusted incidence from multiple logistic regression of 2001-2003 survey data were derived. Results: From 1997 to 2003, the incidence of diagnosed diabetes increased 41% from 4.9 to 6.9 per 1000 Population (p < 0.01). Incidence increased among men and women, non-Hispanic whites, persons with at least a high school education, nonsmokers, active and inactive persons, and among obese persons (p < 0.05). Obesity was more prevalent (P < 0.01) and physical limitation was less prevalent (p = 0.03) in 2002-2003 versus 1.997-1998 incident cases. Multivariate-adjusted incidence increased with age and BMI category, and decreased with education level (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Obesity was a major factor in the recent increase of newly diagnosed diabetes. Lifestyle interventions that reduce or prevent the prevalence of obesity among persons at risk for diabetes are needed to halt the increasing incidence of diabetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Geiss, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LGeiss@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 120 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 30 IS 5 BP 371 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.12.009 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 035RA UT WOS:000237018000002 PM 16627124 ER PT J AU Shih, M Hootman, JM Kruger, J Helmick, CG AF Shih, M Hootman, JM Kruger, J Helmick, CG TI Physical activity in men and women with arthritis - National Health Interview Survey, 2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; OLDER-ADULTS; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; US ADULTS; FUNCTIONAL-CAPACITY; EXERCISE THERAPY; DISEASE-ACTIVITY AB Background: Regular physical activity in persons with arthritis has been shown to decrease pain, improve function, and delay disability. This study estimates the national prevalence Of leisure-time physical activity and identifies factors associated with physical inactivity in adults with arthritis. Methods: Data from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed in 2004-2005 to estimate the proportion of adults with arthritis meeting four physical activity recommendations put forward in Healthy People 2010 and one arthritis-specific recommendation established by a national expert panel in arthritis and physical activity. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between inactivity and sociodemographic factors, body mass index, functional limitations, social limitations, need for special equipment, frequent anxiety/depression, affected joint location, joint pain, physical activity Counseling, and access to a fitness facility. Results: Adults with arthritis were significantly less likely than adults without arthritis to engage in recommended levels of moderate or vigorous physical activity, and 37% of adults with arthritis were inactive. In both men and women with arthritis, inactivity was associated with older age, lower education, and having functional limitations; having access to a fitness facility was inversely associated with inactivity. Among women, inactivity was also associated with being Hispanic, non-Hispanic black, having frequent anxiety/depression or social limitations, needing special equipment, and not receiving physical activity Counseling. Among men, inactivity was also associated with severe joint pain. Conclusions: Although physical activity is a recommended therapy for people with arthritis, levels among adults with arthritis are insufficient, and those with arthritis have worse activity profiles than their peers without arthritis. Efforts to promote physical activity should include expanding access to evidence-based interventions and recreational facilities/programs. The importance of physical activity counseling and associated pain management measures by healthcare providers should be emphasized. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Off Hlth Assessment & Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Shih, M (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mshih@ladhs.org NR 70 TC 135 Z9 139 U1 6 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 30 IS 5 BP 385 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.12.005 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 035RA UT WOS:000237018000004 PM 16627126 ER PT J AU Han, PKJ Coates, R Uhler, RJ Breen, N AF Han, PKJ Coates, R Uhler, RJ Breen, N TI Decision making in prostate-specific antigen screening - National Health Interview Survey, 2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Shared Decision Making Conference CY JUN 15, 2005 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Canc Prevent Fellowship Program, Div Canc Prevent, Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Hlth ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PATIENTS SELF-REPORTS; SERVICES-TASK-FORCE; INFORMED-CONSENT; UNITED-STATES; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; PATIENT DISCUSSIONS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MEN AB Background: The net benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test are uncertain, and professional organizations recommend that physicians discuss these uncertainties with patients before initiating screening. Using a nationally representative sample of men reporting past PSA screening, we aimed to determine the extent to which screening was initiated by physicians and preceded by physician-patient discussions. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey; 2676 men aged 40 and older underwent PSA screening and met study inclusion criteria. We analyzed the proportions of men for whom PSA screening was (1) was initiated by the physician versus the patient, and (2) preceded by discussions about the test's advantages and disadvantages. Results: Overall, 74% (95% CI=71.8-76.0) of recipients reported that PSA screening was initiated by their physician, and the proportion increased with advancing age, declining health status, lack of family history of prostate cancer, presence of a Usual source of medical care, and non-Hispanic ethnicity. Sixty-five percent (95% CI=63.1-67.1) of screening recipients reported prescreening discussions with their physicians. Discussions were more common with physician-initiated screening than with patient-initiated screening, and among patients reporting a usual source of medical care, non-blue-collar occupation, and black race. Conclusions: Among U.S. men receiving PSA screening, screening is usually initiated by physicians, frequently in men relatively less likely to benefit from it, and often without prior discussion of the test's advantages and disadvantages. Further examination of the PSA decision-making process among screened and unscreened men is warranted. C1 NCI, Basic & Biobehav Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Han, PKJ (reprint author), NCI, Basic & Biobehav Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, 6130 Execut Blvd,EPN 4097,MSC 7363, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hanp@mail.nih.gov OI Han, Paul/0000-0003-0165-1940 NR 124 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 30 IS 5 BP 394 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.12.006 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 035RA UT WOS:000237018000005 PM 16627127 ER PT J AU Mueller, MR Shah, NG Landen, MG AF Mueller, MR Shah, NG Landen, MG TI Unintentional prescription drug overdose deaths in New Mexico, 1994-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEROIN-RELATED DEATHS; NEW-YORK-CITY; METHADONE-MAINTENANCE; NONMEDICAL USE; AUSTRALIA; GENDER; WALES; USERS; SURVEILLANCE; ENGLAND AB Background: New Mexico has the highest rate of drug-induced mortality in the United States. The contribution of prescription drugs to the total overdose death rate has not been adequately described. Methods: A total of 1906 unintentional drug overdose deaths occurring in 1994 to 2003 in New Mexico were analyzed. Unintentional drug overdose death was defined as death caused by prescription, illicit, or a combination of drugs, as determined by a pathologist. Deaths were investigated annually by the medical examiner and data were analyzed in 2004-2005. Rates and trends of total and prescription drug overdose death were calculated, decedent characteristics were analyzed, and common drug combinations causing death were described. Results: The rate of unintentional prescription drug overdose death increased by 179% (1.9 to 5.3/100,000) from 1994 to 2003. A high percentage of prescription drug overdose decedents were White non-Hispanic (63.2%) and female (43.9%). These decedents were older and less frequently had alcohol listed as an additional cause of death than decedents of other drug overdose categories. Of all deaths caused by prescription drug(S) (n = 765), 590 (77.1%) were caused by opioid painkillers, 263 (34.4%) by tranquilizers, and 196 (25.6%) by antidepressants. Conclusions: The rate of prescription drug overdose death in New Mexico increased significantly over the 10-year study period. Comprehensive surveillance of drug overdose deaths is recommended to describe their occurrence in the context of both medical and diverted use of prescription drugs. Understanding decedent profiles and the potential risk factors for prescription drug overdose death is crucial for effective drug overdose prevention education among healthcare providers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Epidemiol & Response Div, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Mueller, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 1190 St Francis Dr N1248,POB 26110, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. EM mark.mueller@state.nm.us NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 30 IS 5 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.12.011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 035RA UT WOS:000237018000008 PM 16627130 ER PT J AU Pathela, P Blank, S Sell, RL Schillinger, JA AF Pathela, P Blank, S Sell, RL Schillinger, JA TI The importance of both sexual behavior and identity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID RISK BEHAVIORS; MEN C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur STD Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Pathela, P (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur STD Control, Room 207,CN 73, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM ppathela@health.nyc.gov NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 765 EP 765 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.079186 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037NT UT WOS:000237154400003 PM 16571688 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Robert-Gnansia, E Siffel, C Harris, J Borman, B Mastroiacovo, P AF Botto, LD Robert-Gnansia, E Siffel, C Harris, J Borman, B Mastroiacovo, P TI Fostering international collaboration in birth defects research and prevention: A perspective from the international clearinghouse for birth defects surveillance and research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; CORTICOSTEROIDS; EXPOSURE; EMBRYOPATHY; PREGNANCY; HUGE AB The International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research, formerly known as International Clearinghouse of Birth Defects Monitoring Systems, consists of 40 registries worldwide that collaborate in monitoring 40 types of birth defects. Clearinghouse activities include the sharing and joint monitoring of birth defect data, epidemiologic and public health research, and capacity building, with the goal of reducing disease and promoting healthy birth outcomes through primary prevention. We discuss 3 of these activities: the collaborative assessment of the potential teratogenicity of first-trimester use of medications (the MADRE project), an example of the intersection of surveillance and research; the international databases of people with orofacial clefts, an example of the evolution from surveillance to outcome research; and the study of genetic polymorphisms, an example of collaboration in public health genetics. C1 Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabilities, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Europeen Genomutat, Lyon, France. Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Berkeley, CA USA. Publ Hlth Intelligence, Wellington, New Zealand. Int Ctr Birth Defects, Rome, Italy. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, 2C412 SOM,50 N Med Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM lorenzo.botto@hsc.utah.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU 207141] NR 22 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 774 EP 780 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.057760 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037NT UT WOS:000237154400012 PM 16571708 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Bossarte, RM AF Swahn, MH Bossarte, RM TI The associations between victimization, feeling unsafe, and asthma episodes among US high-school students SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MORBIDITY; CHILDREN; VIOLENCE AB We examined the associations between victimization, missed school because of feeling unsafe, and asthma episodes among US high-school students using the 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Cross-sectional analyses on adolescents with asthma (n = 1943) showed that any victimization and missed school because of feeling unsafe significantly increased the odds of having an asthma episode in the past year (adjusted odds ratio [OR]= 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.07, 1.95 and adjusted OR = 2.93; 95% CI = 1.90, 4.53, respectively). Victimization and feeling unsafe are important but poorly understood risk factors for asthma. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Swahn, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mswahn@cdc.gov RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 9 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 802 EP 804 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.066514 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037NT UT WOS:000237154400018 PM 16571695 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Greenland, S Flanders, WD AF Yang, QH Greenland, S Flanders, WD TI Associations of maternal age- and parity-related factors with trends in low-birthweight rates: United States, 1980 through 2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DELAYED CHILDBEARING; PRETERM DELIVERY; INFANT-MORTALITY; OUTCOMES; POPULATION; PREGNANCY; RISK; DIFFERENCE; COMPONENTS; MORBIDITY AB Objectives. We assessed the effects of changes in the maternal age-parity distribution and age- and parity-specific low-birthweight rates on low-birthweight trends in the United States. Methods. We used natality file data from 1980 through 2000 to assess very-low-birthweight and low-birthweight rates among singleton live-born infants. Results. Changes in age- and parity-specific low-birthweight rates were the main contributor to the overall trend in rates. However, changes in the age-parity distribution, primarily delayed childbearing, had a smaller but noticeable impact. Them very-low-birthweight rate increased 27% among Black women, and changes in the age-parity distribution were associated with, on average, more than 20% of the increased rate during the 1990s. Among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White women, on average, more than 10% of the rate increase observed during the 1990s was associated with changes in the age-parity distribution. Conclusions. Assuming minimal changes in age-specific rates, delayed childbearing may play an increasingly important role in low-birthweight trends in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM qay0@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 856 EP 861 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.049312 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037NT UT WOS:000237154400028 PM 16571716 ER PT J AU Rose, D Mannino, DM Leaderer, BP AF Rose, D Mannino, DM Leaderer, BP TI Asthma prevalence among US adults, 1998-2000: Role of Puerto Rican ethnicity and behavioral and geographic factors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; RISK-FACTORS; ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION; CHILDREN; ADAM33; ONSET; WOMEN; GENE; RACE AB Objectives. We analyzed asthma prevalence among US adults by age, gender, race, Puerto Rican ethnicity, and other demographic, behavioral, health, and geographic variables. We hypothesized that high prevalences would be observed among Puerto Ricans and in the Northeast census region. Methods. We used data from the 1998 through 2000 US National Health Interview Surveys. Information on lifetime history of asthma and asthma in the past year was collected from 95615 adults. We calculated weighted prevalence estimates and odds ratios from logistic regression. Results. Of US adults, 8.9% had ever been diagnosed with asthma, and 3.4% had experienced an episode in the past 12 months. Asthma diagnosis rates were highest among Puerto Ricans (17.0%) and lowest among Mexican Americans (3.9%); rates were 9.6% and 9.2% among non-Hispanic Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites, respectively. Geographically, asthma prevalence was highest in the West (10.5%) and lowest in the Northeast (8.6%). Puerto Ricans in all regions had high asthma rates. Conclusions. Significant variables in the final logistic regression model included race/ethnicity, obesity, poverty, female gender, and cigarette smoking. Higher asthma rates were confirmed among Puerto Ricans but not in the Northeast region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Rose, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 2320, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM drose@cdc.gov OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 05410, ES 07456, R01 ES005410, R01 ES007456] NR 37 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 880 EP 888 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.050039 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037NT UT WOS:000237154400032 PM 16571713 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Mowery, P Tomar, S Marcus, S Giovino, G Zhao, L AF Nelson, DE Mowery, P Tomar, S Marcus, S Giovino, G Zhao, L TI Trends in smokeless tobacco use among adults and adolescents in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHEWING TOBACCO; HARM REDUCTION; SMOKING; SNUFF; YOUTH; MEN; MORTALITY; DISEASE; CANCER AB Objectives. Smokeless tobacco has many adverse health effects. We analyzed long-term national trends in smokeless tobacco use. Methods. We used 1987 to 2000 National Health Interview Survey data for adults aged 18 years and older, 1986 to 2003 data from Monitoring the Future surveys of adolescents, and 1991 to 2003 data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey for 9th- to 12th-grade students to examine overall and demographic-specific trends. Results. Smokeless tobacco use among adult and adolescent females was low and showed little change. Smokeless tobacco use among men declined slowly (relative decline=26%), with the largest declines among those aged 18 to 24 years or 65 years and older, Blacks, residents of the South, and persons in more rural areas. Overall and demographic-specific data for adolescent boys indicate that smokeless tobacco use increased for 12th-grade students from 1986 until the early 1990s, but has subsequently declined rapidly in all grades since then (range of relative overall declines= 43% to 48%). Conclusions. Smokeless tobacco use has declined sharply, especially among adolescent boys. Ongoing prevention and cessation efforts are needed to continue this trend. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Dent, Div Publ Hlth Serv & Res, Gainesville, FL USA. Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Prevent & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 91 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 897 EP 905 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.061580 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037NT UT WOS:000237154400034 PM 16571699 ER PT J AU Blumberg, SJ Luke, JV Cynamon, ML AF Blumberg, SJ Luke, JV Cynamon, ML TI Telephone coverage and health survey estimates: Evaluating the need for concern about wireless substitution SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; NATIONAL-HEALTH; INTERVIEW SURVEY AB Objectives. We sought to determine whether the exclusion of adults without landline telephones may bias estimates derived from health-related telephone surveys. Methods. We took data from the 2004 and 2005 National Health Interview Survey and used logistic regression to compare the odds of behavioral risk factors and health care service use for adults with landline telephones to those for adults with only wireless telephones and adults without any telephone service. Results. When interviewed, 7.2% of adults, including those who did and did not have wireless telephones, did not have landline telephones. Relative to adults with landline telephones, adults without landline telephones had greater odds of smoking and being uninsured, and they had lower odds of having diabetes, having a usual place for medical care, and having received an influenza vaccination in the past year. Conclusions. As people substitute wireless telephones for landline telephones, the percentage of adults without landline telephones has increased significantly but is still low, which minimizes the bias resulting from their exclusion from telephone surveys. Bias greater than 1 percentage point is expected only for estimates of health insurance, smoking, binge drinking, having a usual place for care, and receiving an influenza vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Blumberg, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 2112, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sblumberg@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 143 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 926 EP 931 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.057885 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037NT UT WOS:000237154400038 PM 16571707 ER PT J AU Gimnig, JE MacArthur, JR M'bang'Ombe, M Kramer, MH Chizani, N Stern, RS Mkandala, C Newman, RD Steketee, RW Campbell, CH AF Gimnig, JE MacArthur, JR M'bang'Ombe, M Kramer, MH Chizani, N Stern, RS Mkandala, C Newman, RD Steketee, RW Campbell, CH TI Severe cutaneous reactions to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Blantyre District, Malawi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS; STEVENS-JOHNSON-SYNDROME; ADVERSE DRUG-REACTIONS; ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME; HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS; LYELL SYNDROME; MALARIA; PROPHYLAXIS; SULFONAMIDES; AMODIAQUINE AB We estimated the frequency of clinically diagnosed Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (CTX) in Blantyre District, Malawi. Cases were detected by passive surveillance at 22 health centers from March 2001 through September 2002. Denominators were estimated from the Malawi national census for Blantyre District and the frequency of SIP and CTX use reported in five household surveys. Crude rates of adverse reactions were estimated to be 1.2 per 100,000 exposures for SP and 1.5 per 100,000 exposures for CTX. Rates were higher in adults (1.7 cases per 100,000 SP exposures and 2.6 cases per 100,000 CTX exposures) and in persons positive for human immunodeficiency virus (4.9 cases per 100,000 SP exposures and 8.4 cases per 100,000 CTX exposures). Infrequent treatment doses with SP are associated with a low risk of an adverse cutaneous reaction, and SP can be recommended for treatment of malaria in areas where P. falciparum is susceptible. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Hyg & Publ Hlth, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Blantyre Dist Hlth Off, Blantyre, Malawi. Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiat, Blantyre, Malawi. Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Gimnig, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hzg1@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 BP 738 EP 743 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 041GA UT WOS:000237441100009 PM 16687672 ER PT J AU Garcia, HH Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Moulton, LH Verastegui, M Rodriguez, S Gavidia, C Tsang, VCW AF Garcia, HH Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Moulton, LH Verastegui, M Rodriguez, S Gavidia, C Tsang, VCW CA Cysticercosis Working Gpr TI Combined human and porcine mass chemotherapy for the control of T-solium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TAENIA-SOLIUM; FIELD TRIAL; CYSTICERCOSIS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; MEXICO; OXFENDAZOLE; VACCINATION; PERU; PIGS; INTERVENTION AB A combined (human and porcine) mass chemotherapy program was tested in a controlled design in 12 village hamlets in the Peruvian highlands. A single dose of 5 mg of praziquantel was given to eliminate intestinal taeniasis in humans, and two rounds of oxfendazole (30 mg/kg) were administered to all pigs. The total population in the study villages was 5,658 resident individuals, and the porcine population at the beginning of the study was 716 pigs. Human treatment coverage was 75%, ranging from 69% to 80%. There were only a few refusals of owners for porcine treatment of their animals. The effect of the intervention was measured by comparing incidence rates (seroconversion in pigs who were seronegative 4 months before) in treatment versus control villages, before and up to 18 months after treatment. There was a clear effect in decreasing prevalence (odds ratio, 0.51; P < 0.001) and incidence (odds ratio, 0.39; P = 0.013) in the treatment area after the intervention, which did not leave to extinction of the parasite but stabilized in slightly decreased rates persisting along the follow-up period. Mass chemotherapy was effective in decreasing infection pressure in this hyperendemic area. However, the magnitude of the effect was small and did not attain the goal of eliminating transmission. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima 31, Peru. Inst Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. AB PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control, Parasit Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Garcia, HH (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Av H Delgado 430,SMP, Lima 31, Peru. EM hgarcia@jhsph.edu; emico@terra.com.pe; rgilman@jhsph.edu; vctl@cdc.gov OI Jimenez Chunga, Juan Atilio/0000-0002-6431-8371; Moulton, Lawrence/0000-0001-7041-7387; Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 FU FIC NIH HHS [TW05562]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI51976, U19-AI145431, U01 AI35894]; PHS HHS [01107]; Wellcome Trust [063109] NR 37 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 BP 850 EP 855 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 041GA UT WOS:000237441100029 PM 16687692 ER PT J AU Qian, W Jiamin, Q Wen, Y Schantz, PM Raoul, F Craig, PS Giraudoux, P Vuitton, DA AF Qian, W Jiamin, Q Wen, Y Schantz, PM Raoul, F Craig, PS Giraudoux, P Vuitton, DA TI Socioeconomic and behavior risk factors of human alveolar echinococcosis in Tibetan communities in Sichuan, People's Republic of China SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; PLATEAU; EUROPE; FOCUS AB Data from two cross-sectional investigations on 7,138 subjects were used to explore risk factors of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Tibetan communities. The overall human AE prevalence was 3.1.% (223 of 7,138), females had a higher prevalence (3.6%, 132 of 3,713) than males (2.7%, 9.1. of 3,425; P = 0.011), and herdsmen had a higher prevalence (5.2%, 154 of 2,955) than farmers (1.8%, 12 of 661; P < 0.001) and urban populations (2.1%, 49 of 2,360; P < 0.001). Age in all populations, number of dogs kept, fox skin ownership in farmers, not preventing flies from landing on food in herdsmen, using open streams as drinking water sources, and playing with dogs in urban populations were statistically significant risk factors. The results suggest that AE is highly endemic in the eastern Tibetan plateau, in Sichuan Province, the role of the dog is important for human infection, and other factors associated with environmental contamination may vary according to structure and practices of communities. C1 Univ Franche Comte, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Treatment Human Echin, SERF Res Unit, F-25030 Besancon, France. Univ Franche Comte, INRA, Lab Biol Environm, Res Unit, F-25030 Besancon, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chengdu, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Salford, Cestode Zoonoses Res Grp, Biosci Res Inst, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. RP Vuitton, DA (reprint author), Univ Franche Comte, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Treatment Human Echin, SERF Res Unit, F-25030 Besancon, France. EM wangqian67@yahoo.com.cn; qjm@mail.sc.cninfo.net.cn; wweennyang@tom.com; pms1@cdc.gov; francis.raoul@univ-fcomte.fr; p.s.craig@salford.ac.uk; patrick.giraudoux@univ-fcomte.fr; dominique.vuitton@univ-fcomte.fr RI Giraudoux, Patrick/B-9274-2011 OI Giraudoux, Patrick/0000-0003-2376-0136 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 BP 856 EP 862 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 041GA UT WOS:000237441100030 ER PT J AU Shrestha, RK Marseille, E Kahn, JG Lule, JR Pitter, C Blandford, JM Bunnell, R Coutinho, A Kizito, F Quick, R Mermin, J AF Shrestha, RK Marseille, E Kahn, JG Lule, JR Pitter, C Blandford, JM Bunnell, R Coutinho, A Kizito, F Quick, R Mermin, J TI Cost-effectiveness of home-based chlorination and safe water storage in reducing diarrhea among HIV-affected households in rural Uganda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; COTE-DIVOIRE; PREVENTION; INTERVENTIONS; PROPHYLAXIS; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; STRATEGY; CHOLERA AB Safe water systems (SWSs) have been shown to reduce diarrhea and death. We examined the cost-effectiveness of SWS for HIV-affected households using health outcomes and costs from a randomized controlled trial in Tororo, Uganda. SWS was part of a home-based health care package that included rapid diarrhea diagnosis and treatment of 196 households with relatively good water and sanitation coverage. SWS use averted 37 diarrhea episodes and 310 diarrhea-days, representing 0.155 disability-adjusted life year (DALY) gained per 100 person-years, but did not alter mortality. Net program costs were $5.21/episode averted, $6.62/diarrhea-day averted, and $1,252/DALY gained. If mortality reduction had equaled another SWS trial in Kenya, the cost would have been $11/DALY gained. The high SWS cost per DALY gained was probably caused by a lack of mortality benefit in a trial designed to rapidly treat diarrhea. SWS is ail effective intervention whose cost-effectiveness is sensitive to diarrhea-related mortality, diarrhea incidence, and effective clinical management. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Strategies Int, Orinda, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Global Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. AIDS Support Org, Entebbe, Uganda. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shrestha, RK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-48, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rshrestha@cdc.gov; emarseille@comcast.net; jgkahn@ucsf.edu; nz14@ug.cdc.gov; christian@ug.cdc.gov; jblandford@cdc.gov; rrb7@ug.cdc.gov; coutinhoa@tasouganda.org; afbkizito2002@yahoo.co.uk; rquick@cdc.gov; jhm7@ug.cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 BP 884 EP 890 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 041GA UT WOS:000237441100034 PM 16687697 ER PT J AU Mussolino, ME Gillum, RF AF Mussolino, ME Gillum, RF TI Bone mineral density and hypertension prevalence in postmenopausal women: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bone density; hypertension; postmenopause ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; STROKE; OSTEOPOROSIS AB PURPOSE: We sought to corroborate a reported association of hypertension with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Data are from a nationally representative sample of 2738 women aged 50 years and older from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Total proximal femoral bone mineral density was measured by using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or greater or recent blood pressure medication use. RESULTS: Compared with the fourth quartile of BMD, age- and race-adjusted relative odds of hypertension were decreased in the first quartile (odds ratio [OR], 0.50; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.38-0.67; p < 0.01). However, the association was diminished and no longer significant after adjusting for body mass index (OR, 0.96; 95% Cl, 0.69-1.36; p = 0.83) and additional risk factors in multivariate models (OR, 0.92; 95% Cl, 0.65-1.30; p = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS: No association between hypertension and BMD was observed after controlling for body mass index and other confounders. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Mussolino, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,MailStop 6124, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM mmussolino@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 395 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.06.051 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 043AG UT WOS:000237571100012 PM 16223587 ER PT J AU Cummings, KJ Van Sickle, D Roo, CY Riggs, MA Brown, CM Moolenaar, RL AF Cummings, Kristin J. Van Sickle, David Roo, Carol Y. Riggs, Margaret A. Brown, Clive M. Moolenaar, Ronald L. TI Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to mold exposure among residents and remediation workers in posthurricane New Orleans SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE flood; mold; personal protective equipment; remediation worker; respirator ID ACCEPTABILITY AB To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to mold exposure in postfood New Orleans, the authors surveyed 159 residents and 76 remediation workers, using logistics regression to explore associations. Nearly all answered "yes" to the questionnaire item, "Do you think mold can make people sick?" and most knew respirators were recommended for cleaning mold. Residents (87%) and workers (47%) said they believed that television or radio were the best ways to communicate information about mold. Workers (24%) also suggested employers provided the best means for communication of this information. Few participants reliably used all recommended protective equipment. Residents cited respirator discomfort and unavailability as reasons for noncompliance; workers cited discomfort and inadequate training, with 50% reporting respirator fit testing. Spanish-speaking workers relied on employers for information. Self-employed workers used protective equipment infrequently. The authors recommend that information on postflood mold exposure be disseminated through media and employers, that protective equipment be made readily available for residents, and that qorkers receive better traqining and fit testing. In addition, they suggest that targeted approaches may benefit Spanish-speaking workers and the self-employed. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Cummings, KJ (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Div Resp Dis Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM cvx5@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON OCCUP H JI Arch. Environ. Occup. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 3 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.3200/AEOH.61.3.101-108 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 191MH UT WOS:000248134800002 PM 17672351 ER PT J AU Soldin, OP Loffredo, CA Shields, PG Barr, D Luban, N Shad, A Nelson, D AF Soldin, OP Loffredo, CA Shields, PG Barr, D Luban, N Shad, A Nelson, D TI Childhood cancer and pesticides - A case-control study of possible gene-environment interactions SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Dept Med, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Sex Differences, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA 14 BP 321 EP 321 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200015 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Yazdy, M Honein, M Carmichael, SL Canfield, M AF Rasmussen, SA Yazdy, M Honein, M Carmichael, SL Canfield, M TI Maternal thyroid disease as a possible risk factor for cramosynostosis, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2002 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Birh Defects Monitoring Program, Berkeley, CA USA. Texas Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Austin, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA 19 BP 323 EP 323 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200020 ER PT J AU Bearer, CF Jacobson, SW Jacobson, JL Minnes, S Singer, LT Peterson, J Barr, D Molteno, CD Hoyme, HE Robinson, LK Hay, A Carter, RC Croxford, J Marais, AS Viljean, DL Fuller, D Kirchner, HL O'Riordan, MA AF Bearer, CF Jacobson, SW Jacobson, JL Minnes, S Singer, LT Peterson, J Barr, D Molteno, CD Hoyme, HE Robinson, LK Hay, A Carter, RC Croxford, J Marais, AS Viljean, DL Fuller, D Kirchner, HL O'Riordan, MA TI Biomarkers of prenatal ethanol exposure correlate with poor developmental outcomes SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cape Town, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. Fdn Alcohol Related Res, Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA S2 BP 342 EP 342 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200053 ER PT J AU Marcus, M Blanck, HM AF Marcus, M Blanck, HM TI Human and animal studies of pubertal development following prenatal exposure to PBBs SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA S11 BP 346 EP 346 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200062 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ AF Jamieson, DJ TI Challenges to the study, prophylaxis, and treatment of emerging infectious diseases in pregnant women SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA S30 BP 358 EP 358 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200082 ER PT J AU Besser, L Correa, A AF Besser, L. Correa, A. TI Maternal fever or flu and cardiovascular malformations SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA P6 BP 372 EP 372 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200107 ER PT J AU Besser, L Correa, A AF Besser, L. Correa, A. TI Maternal hypertension medications and cardiovascular malformations SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA P5 BP 372 EP 372 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200106 ER PT J AU Correa, A Moore, C Riehle, T AF Correa, A Moore, C Riehle, T TI Ascertaining birth defects in tile National Children's Study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA P12 BP 375 EP 375 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200113 ER PT J AU Gilboa, S Alverson, C Correa, A AF Gilboa, S Alverson, C Correa, A TI Maternal age and cardiovascular malformations SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA P13 BP 376 EP 376 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200114 ER PT J AU Lu, C Siffel, C Correa, C AF Lu, C Siffel, C Correa, C TI Survival of infants with congenital hydrocephalus SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA P14 BP 376 EP 376 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200115 ER PT J AU Lu, C Siffel, C Correa, A AF Lu, C Siffel, C Correa, A TI Survival of infants with spina bifida and encephalocele SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA P15 BP 377 EP 377 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200116 ER PT J AU Yang, Q Carter, H Mulinare, J Erickson, DJ Friedman, JM AF Yang, Q Carter, H Mulinare, J Erickson, DJ Friedman, JM TI Racial difference in folic acid intake among, women of childbearing age in the United States after folic acid fortification: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2002 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA P19 BP 379 EP 379 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200120 ER PT J AU McPherson, T Persaud, S Singh, S Fay, MP Addiss, D Nutman, TB Hay, R AF McPherson, T Persaud, S Singh, S Fay, MP Addiss, D Nutman, TB Hay, R TI Interdigital lesions and frequency of acute dermatolymphangioadenitis in lymphoedema in a filariasis-endemic area SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellulitis; interdigital lesions; lymphatic filariasis; lymphoedema ID YELLOW-NAIL-SYNDROME; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ACUTE ADENOLYMPHANGITIS; BRUGIAN FILARIASIS; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; LOCAL TREATMENT; FOOT INFECTION; ACUTE ATTACKS; AFFECTED LIMB AB Background Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne nematode infection that causes permanent lymphatic dysfunction in virtually all infected individuals and clinical disease in a subset of these. One major sequel of infection is lymphoedema of the limbs. Lymphoedema of the leg affects an estimated 15 million persons in LF-endemic areas worldwide. Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA) in people with filarial lymphoedema causes acute morbidity and increasingly severe lymphoedema. Episodes of ADLA are believed to be caused by bacteria, and it has been shown that entry lesions in the skin play a causative role. Clinical observations suggest that interdigital skin lesions of the feet, often assumed to be fungal, may be of particular importance. Objectives To investigate the epidemiology and aetiology of interdigital lesions (IDL) of the feet in filarial lymphoedema. Methods The frequency and mycological aetiology of IDL in 73 patients with filarial lymphoedema were compared with 74 individuals without lymphoedema in a region of Guyana highly endemic for Wuchereria bancrofti. Results More than 50% of patients with lymphoedema had one or more IDL (odds ratio 2.69; 95% confidence interval 1.31-5.66; P < 0.005 compared with controls). The number of lesions was the strongest predictor of frequency of ADLA. Only 18% of the lesions had positive microscopy or culture for fungi (dermatophytes and Scytalidium). Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of interdigital entry lesions as risk factors for episodes of ADLA and have implications for the control of morbidity from filarial lymphoedema. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Kings Coll London, St Johns Inst Dermatol, Dept Mycol, London WC2R 2LS, England. NIAID, Biostat Res Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Nutman, TB (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM tnutman@niaid.nih.gov RI Fay, Michael/A-2974-2008; OI Fay, Michael P./0000-0002-8643-9625 NR 64 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-0963 J9 BRIT J DERMATOL JI Br. J. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 154 IS 5 BP 933 EP 941 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07081.x PG 9 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 031PQ UT WOS:000236716900020 PM 16634898 ER PT J AU Fiedler, N Ozakinci, G Hallman, W Wartenberg, D Brewer, NT Barrett, DH Kipen, HM AF Fiedler, N Ozakinci, G Hallman, W Wartenberg, D Brewer, NT Barrett, DH Kipen, HM TI Military deployment to the Gulf War as a risk factor for psychiatric illness among US troops SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; IV ALCOHOL-ABUSE; PERSIAN-GULF; UNITED-KINGDOM; HEALTH-STATUS; ILL HEALTH; VETERANS; SYMPTOMS; PREVALENCE; DEPENDENCE AB Background Several studies document an excess of psychiatric symptoms among veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. However, little is known about the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in those who were deployed to that conflict. Aims To compare the 12- month prevalence and associated risk factors for DSM Axis I psychiatric diagnoses between random samples of Gulf War-deployed veterans and veterans of the same era not deployed to the Persian Gulf (era veterans). Method Interview data from 967 Gulf War veterans and 784 era veterans were examined to determine current health status, medical conditions, symptoms and Axis I psychiatric disorders. Logistic regression models evaluated risk factors for psychiatric disorder. Results Gulf War veterans had a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses, with twice the prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression. Lower rank, female gender and divorced or single marital status were significant independent predictors of psychiatric disorder. Conclusions Deployment to the Gulf War is associated with a range of mental health outcomes more than 10 years after deployment. Declaration of interest None. Funding detailed in Acknowledgements. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ USA. Univ St Andrews, Bute Med Sch, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Human Ecol Social Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Environm & Community Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fiedler, N (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM nfiedler@eohsi.rutgers.edu RI Brewer, Noel/C-4375-2008; Ozakinci, Gozde/B-7897-2012 OI Ozakinci, Gozde/0000-0001-5869-3274 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005022, P30ES05022]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU214463] NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND SN 0007-1250 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD MAY PY 2006 VL 188 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.1192/bjp.188.5.453 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 042BK UT WOS:000237501900010 PM 16648532 ER PT J AU Zeliadt, SB Ramsey, SD Penson, DF Hall, IJ Ekwueme, DU Stroud, L Lee, JW AF Zeliadt, SB Ramsey, SD Penson, DF Hall, IJ Ekwueme, DU Stroud, L Lee, JW TI Why do men choose one treatment over another? A review of patient decision making for localized prostate cancer SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE prostate cancer; treatment; decision making; preferences; patient-physician communication ID INFORMATION-SEEKING BEHAVIORS; THERAPEUTIC UNCERTAINTY; PATIENTS PREFERENCES; PARTNERS INFLUENCE; TREATMENT OPTIONS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; HEALTH STATES; WHITE MEN; STAGE; NEEDS AB Treatment choices for localized prostate cancer appear to vary widely, although it is unclear whether this variation is a result of patient values or other factors. The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature, identifying 70 articles that focused on prostate cancer decision making. Studies suggest that men consider several issues when making treatment decisions. The authors found conflicting evidence regarding the importance that men place on cancer eradication, with considerable variation in how patients interpret evidence regarding treatment efficacy. The number of physicians that men see and the importance of the physician recommendation were found to vary considerably. Although men stated that side effects are important, few patients reported that side effect factors ultimately influenced their treatment choice, To the authors' knowledge, there is little research regarding how patients' personal values shape and influence their decision, or the role of race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status in preferences for treatment. The authors conclude that variations in treatment decisions may be more indicative of differences in the information patients receive rather than truly reflective Of underlying patient preferences. Considerable progress is needed in helping patients fully understand how to balance the complex issues surrounding prostate cancer treatment decision making. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Publ Hlth Sci Div, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ So Calif, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ So Calif, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ramsey, SD (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Publ Hlth Sci Div, 1100 Fairview Ave N M2-B230, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM sramsey@fhcrc.org FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-92408, N01-PC-450, N01-PC-45011-20]; PHS HHS [U48/CCU009654-10] NR 88 TC 147 Z9 151 U1 3 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 106 IS 9 BP 1865 EP 1874 DI 10.1002/cncr.21822 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 037ZR UT WOS:000237187400001 PM 16568450 ER PT J AU Peipins, LA Shapiro, JA Bobo, JK Berkowitz, Z AF Peipins, LA Shapiro, JA Bobo, JK Berkowitz, Z TI Impact of women's experiences during mammography on adherence to rescreening (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE mammography; screening; emotional characteristics; barriers ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; LOW-INCOME WOMEN; BREAST-CANCER; SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; REPEAT MAMMOGRAPHY; MOBILE MAMMOGRAPHY; NATIONAL BREAST; OLDER WOMEN; LOS-ANGELES; SELF-CHANGE AB Objective: To examine the relationship between womens' experiences during mammography and their likelihood of being rescreened after receiving a negative or benign mammogram. Methods: Telephone interview and medical record data were collected from a random sample of enrollees from four states in a national screening program targeting uninsured and underinsured women at least 30 months after they had undergone an index mammogram in 1997. We calculated 30-month rescreening rates by prior mammography characteristics including pain and embarrassment, worry, convenience of appointment time, treatment by staff, and financial considerations. Results: Of the 2,000 women in the sampling frame, 1,895 (93.6%) were located, 1,685 (88.6%) were interviewed and 1,680 provided data required for our analysis. Overall, 81.5% of the women had undergone rescreening. More than 90% of the women reported being 'satisfied' or 'very satisfied' with treatment by facility staff, facility location and wait time during the appointment. Statistically significant decreased rescreening rates were seen for women who reported feeling embarrassed and for women reporting dissatisfaction with ability to schedule a convenient appointment time. Conclusion: These results suggest that providing additional reassurance and privacy may increase rescreening rates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Peipins, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Lpeipins@cdc.gov NR 63 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAY PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s10552-005-0447-7 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 030GQ UT WOS:000236622900009 PM 16596296 ER PT J AU Pollack, LA Gotway, CA Bates, JH Parikh-Patel, A Richards, TB Seeff, LC Hodges, H Kassim, S AF Pollack, LA Gotway, CA Bates, JH Parikh-Patel, A Richards, TB Seeff, LC Hodges, H Kassim, S TI Use of the spatial scan statistic to identify geographic variations in late stage colorectal cancer in California (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE colorectal neoplasms; geographic information systems; California ID BREAST-CANCER; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; DISEASE; CARE; CONNECTICUT; POPULATION; RACE/ETHNICITY; ADDRESSES; MORTALITY; PATTERNS AB Objectives: To identify geographic variations in colorectal cancer by stage at diagnosis in California using a descriptive analysis coupled with a spatial analysis and to discuss methodological considerations concerning the spatial statistical method. Methods: We analyzed 59,076 colorectal cancer cases diagnosed in California from 1996 to 2000 by logistic regression and by a spatial scan statistic to identify areas with a higher and lower relative risk of late-stage colorectal cancer. Results: In California, 57% of overall cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed at a late stage. Californians diagnosed with late-stage colorectal cancer were more likely to be Hispanic and living in areas of lower socioeconomic status. The spatial scan identified two areas where the observed number of late-stage cancer was different than the number expected from the distribution in the rest of the state. Conclusions: Spatial scan analyses can complement descriptive statistics, but results must be interpreted with consideration of factors that affect the ability to detect meaningful differences such as the number of events observed, accuracy in geocoding rural versus urban addresses, and the difficulty of adjusting for covariates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Calif Canc Registry, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Pollack, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lpollack@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAY PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1007/s10552-005-0505-1 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 030GQ UT WOS:000236622900010 PM 16596297 ER PT J AU Li, CI Daling, JR Malone, KE Bernstein, L Marchbanks, PA Liff, JM Strom, BL Simon, MS Press, MF McDonald, JA Ursin, G Burkman, RT Deapen, D Spirtas, R AF Li, CI Daling, JR Malone, KE Bernstein, L Marchbanks, PA Liff, JM Strom, BL Simon, MS Press, MF McDonald, JA Ursin, G Burkman, RT Deapen, D Spirtas, R TI Relationship between established breast cancer risk factors and risk of seven different histologic types of invasive breast cancer SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; INFILTRATING LOBULAR CARCINOMA; WOMEN 65-79 YEARS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; COLLABORATIVE REANALYSIS; REPRODUCTIVE EXPERIENCES; RECEPTOR STATUS; UNITED-STATES; ESTROGEN; ALCOHOL AB Background: Important differences in the contributions of certain exposures to the risks of ductal versus lobular breast carcinomas have been observed, but few studies have evaluated the relationships between established breast cancer risk factors and other histologic types. Methods: Information on family history of cancer and reproductive, hormonal, anthropometric, and lifestyle characteristics were collected in a multicenter population-based case-control study consisting of 3,463 ductal, 274 lobular, 261 ductal-lobular, 91 medullary, 77 tubular, 70 comedo, and 61 mucinous invasive breast carcinoma cases (ages 35-64 years, newly diagnosed 1994-1998) and 4,682 controls. Associations between each of these histologic types and various exposures were evaluated using polytomous regression. Results: Heterogeneity in the risks of different histologic types of breast cancer was observed for three exposures: menopausal hormone use, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol consumption. Specifically, current use of unopposed estrogen was associated with a reduced risk of ductal carcinoma and increased risk of comedocarcinoma, and current use of estrogen and progestin was associated with elevated risks of ductal-lobular and tubular carcinomas. Among postmenopausal women, BMI was only inversely related to risk of ductal-lobular carcinoma, and alcohol use was only positively related to risk of lobular carcinoma. Conclusions: Variations in the associations between known breast cancer risk factors and risk of different breast cancer histologies were observed. Although these findings require confirmation, and the analyses of some histologic groups were limited by small sample sizes, they provide some insight into the different etiologies of various histologic subtypes of breast cancer. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway. Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Branch, Populat Res Ctr, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Li, CI (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, 1100 Fairview Ave N,M4-C308,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM cili@fhcrc.org FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-3-3174, N01-HD-3-3176, Y01-HD-7022, N01-HD-3-3175, N01-HD-2-3168, N01-HD-2-3166] NR 36 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 946 EP 954 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0881 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 044ZU UT WOS:000237713200019 PM 16702375 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Sammons, DL Smith, JP MacKenzie, BA Striley, CAF Snawder, JE Robertson, SA Quinn, CP AF Biagini, RE Sammons, DL Smith, JP MacKenzie, BA Striley, CAF Snawder, JE Robertson, SA Quinn, CP TI Rapid, sensitive, and specific lateral-flow immunochromatographic device to measure anti-anthrax protective antigen immunoglobulin G in serum and whole blood SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COVALENT MICROSPHERE IMMUNOASSAY; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; LETHAL TOXIN; G ANTIBODIES; MANAGEMENT; IMMUNITY; VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; SPORES AB Evidence from animals suggests that anti-anthrax protective antigen (PA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) from vaccination with anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) is protective against Bacillus anthracis infection. Measurement of anti-PA IgG in human sera can be performed using either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (ELISA) (R. E. Biagini, D. L. Sammons, J. P. Smith, B. A. MacKenzie, C. A. Striley, V. Semenova, E. Steward-Clark, K. Stamey, A. E. Freeman, C. P. Quinn, and J. E. Snawder, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 11:50-55, 2004). Both these methods are laboratory based. We describe the development of a rapid lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) test kit for the measurement of anti-PA IgG in serum or whole-blood samples (30-mu l samples) using colloidal gold nanoparticles as the detection reagent and an internal control. Using sera from 19 anthrax AVA vaccinees (anti-PA IgG range, 2.4 to 340 mu g/ml) and 10 controls and PA-supplemented whole-blood samples, we demonstrated that the LFIA had a sensitivity of approximately 3 mu g/ml anti-PA IgG in serum and similar to 14 mu g/ml anti-PA IgG in whole blood. Preabsorption of sera with PA yielded negative anti-PA LFIAs. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 100% using ELISA-measured anti-PA IgG as the standard. This kit has utility in determining anti-PA antibody reactivity in the sera of individuals vaccinated with AVA or individuals with clinical anthrax. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol,Biol Monitoring Lab Sect, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch,Ctr Dis Co, Biol Monitoring Res Team,Robert A Taft Labs,CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MPIR Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Biagini, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol,Biol Monitoring Lab Sect, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch,Ctr Dis Co, Biol Monitoring Res Team,Robert A Taft Labs,CDC, MS C-26,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rbiagini@cdc.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y01 ES000001, Y1-ES-0001] NR 30 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 BP 541 EP 546 DI 10.1128/CVI.13.5.541-546.2006 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 042DB UT WOS:000237506500002 PM 16682473 ER PT J AU Othoro, C Moore, JM Wannemuehler, K Nahlen, BL Otieno, J Slutsker, L Lal, AA Shi, YP AF Othoro, C Moore, JM Wannemuehler, K Nahlen, BL Otieno, J Slutsker, L Lal, AA Shi, YP TI Evaluation of various methods of maternal placental blood collection for immunology studies SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; MALARIA; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; PREGNANCY; ADHESION AB The collection of maternal placental intervillous blood (IVB), without contamination of fetal blood and with an accurate mononuclear cell profile, is essential for immunological studies of placental malaria and other infectious diseases of the placenta. We have compared five documented methods of IVB collection: perfusion, incision, biopsy, tissue grinding, and puncture (prick) for fetal blood contamination and mononuclear cell profiles using How cytometry. Twenty-five placentas were obtained from Plasmodium falciparum and human immunodeficiency virus-negative primigravid and secundigravid women delivering at Nyanza Provincial Hospital in Kisumu, western Kenya. Each of the five methods was performed on the same placenta. Fetal red blood cell contamination was significantly lower for the prick and perfusion methods (4.1% and 8.3%, respectively) than for incision (59.5%), biopsy (42.6%), and tissue grinding (19.9%). Significant variation was noted among the five methods in the percentages of monocytes, total T cells, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, B cells, and NK cells. Further, a pairwise comparison of prick and perfusion, the two methods with low fetal blood contamination, showed that they were not different for fetal red blood cell contamination levels; however, prick yielded significantly higher percentages of CD4 T cells and CD4 memory T cells than perfusion. Collection by prick was determined to be the best method of intervillous blood collection for immunology studies, and perfusion represented the next best method of choice due to high sample volume yield. Overall, in considering the advantages/disadvantages of the two methods with low fetal cell contamination, we conclude that a combination of prick and perfusion is most suitable for immunology studies. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Nyanza Prov Gen Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya. World Hlth Org, Roll Back Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shi, YP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Malaria Branch, F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM yps0@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI050240, R01 AI50240] NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 BP 568 EP 574 DI 10.1128/CVI.13.5.568-574.2006 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 042DB UT WOS:000237506500007 PM 16682478 ER PT J AU Shahangian, S LaBeau, KM Howerton, DA AF Shahangian, S LaBeau, KM Howerton, DA TI Prothrombin time testing practices: Adherence to guidelines and standards SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Shoreline, WA USA. RP Shahangian, S (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE G-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sshahangian@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 52 IS 5 BP 793 EP 794 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2005.065433 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 039WU UT WOS:000237339600001 PM 16638952 ER PT J AU Bode, AV Sejvar, JJ Pape, WJ Campbell, GL Marfin, AA AF Bode, AV Sejvar, JJ Pape, WJ Campbell, GL Marfin, AA TI West Nile virus disease: A descriptive study of 228 patients hospitalized in a 4-county region of Colorado in 2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; INFECTION AB Background. Risk factors for complications of West Nile virus disease and prognosis in hospitalized patients are incompletely understood. Methods. Demographic characteristics and data regarding potential risk factors, hospitalization, and dispositions were abstracted from medical records for residents of 4 Colorado counties who were hospitalized in 2003 with West Nile virus disease. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with West Nile encephalitis (WNE), limb weakness, or death by comparing factors among persons with the outcome of interest with factors among those without the outcome of interest. Results. Medical records of 221 patients were reviewed; 103 had West Nile meningitis, 65 had WNE, and 53 had West Nile fever. Respiratory failure, limb weakness, and cardiac arrhythmia occurred in all groups, with significantly more cases of each in the WNE group. Age, alcohol abuse, and diabetes were associated with WNE. Age and WNE were associated with limb weakness. The mortality rate in the WNE group was 18%; age, immunosuppression, requirement of mechanical ventilation, and history of stroke were associated with death. Only 21% of patients with WNE who survived returned to a prehospitalization level of function. The estimated incidence of West Nile fever cases that required hospitalization was 6.0 cases per 100,000 persons; West Nile fever was associated with arrhythmia, limb weakness, and respiratory failure. Conclusions. Persons with diabetes and a reported history of alcohol abuse and older persons appear to be at increased risk of developing WNE. Patients with WNE who have a history of stroke, who require mechanical ventilation, or who are immunosuppressed appear to be more likely to die. Respiratory failure, limb weakness, and arrhythmia occurred in all 3 categories, but there were significantly more cases of all in the WNE group. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bode, AV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM amy.bode@metrokc.gov NR 18 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1234 EP 1240 DI 10.1086/503038 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 029JD UT WOS:000236557600003 PM 16586381 ER PT J AU Rigau-Perez, JG Laufer, MK AF Rigau-Perez, JG Laufer, MK TI Dengue-related deaths in Puerto Rico, 1992-1996: Diagnosis and clinical alarm signals SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; VIRUSES; SURVEILLANCE; ANTIBODIES AB Background. Dengue, although endemic in Puerto Rico, is often not mentioned in the death certificates of decedents with laboratory results positive for dengue. Because confirmatory results are usually not available during hospitalization, we examined the utility of 2 instruments for diagnosis on the basis of clinical findings: the definition of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and the publicized (but unevaluated) clinical alarm signals for impending dengue shock. Methods. We studied data from all patients with laboratory test results positive for dengue who died ( 23 patients) and from the 8 patients whose death certificates listed dengue as a cause of death but whose laboratory test results were negative for dengue in Puerto Rico from 1992 through 1996. We examined hospital records to determine whether the clinical criteria for DHF were fulfilled and evaluated the incidence and timing of clinical alarm signals ( intense, sustained abdominal pain; persistent vomiting; sudden change from fever to hypothermia; and marked restlessness or lethargy) and the hematocrit/hemoglobin ratio as an indicator of hemoconcentration. Results. A similar proportion of patients with laboratory test results positive for dengue (18 [78%] of 23) and negative for dengue ( 6[75%] of 8) fulfilled the criteria for DHF. Clinical alarm signals were found only among patients with laboratory test results positive for dengue and were usually noted on the day that the patient's condition deteriorated. The hematocrit/hemoglobin ratio identified 1 (6%) of 16 patients with dengue who had significant hemoconcentration. Important comorbidities were present in 16 (70%) of the patients with laboratory test results positive for dengue and in 4 (50%) of the patients with dengue-related deaths with laboratory test results negative for dengue. Conclusions. Dengue-related deaths in Puerto Rico often occur in patients with comorbidities. Among such patients, the DHF definition and the hematocrit/hemoglobin ratio were not useful in identifying patients with laboratory test results positive for dengue. In contrast, the clinical alarm signals for shock supported the dengue diagnosis and should alert clinicians to the severity of the disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Div Infect Dis & Trop Pediat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Rigau-Perez, JG (reprint author), CDC Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM jgrigau@prdigital.com NR 27 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1241 EP 1246 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 029JD UT WOS:000236557600004 PM 16586382 ER PT J AU Schuster, FL Honarmand, S Visvesvara, GS Glaser, CA AF Schuster, FL Honarmand, S Visvesvara, GS Glaser, CA TI Detection of antibodies against free-living amoebae Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba species in a population of patients with encephalitis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Meeting on Biology and Pathogencity of Free-Living Amoebae CY OCT, 2003 CL Ciudad Obregon, MEXICO ID MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AGENT; SERUM AB Background. Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba species are 2 free-living amoebae responsible for granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in humans and animals. We have screened serum samples from hospitalized patients with encephalitis for antibodies against these 2 amoebae as a means of detecting a disease with few defining symptoms and a poor prognosis. Methods. Indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) staining of serum samples from patients with encephalitis was conducted over a period of 6 years to detect amoeba antibodies. More than 250 serum samples from patients hospitalized with encephalitis were screened. Most of the samples were from patients in California and were screened as part of the California Encephalitis Project, with a small number of specimens from other states. Results. During the course of the study, 7 cases of Balamuthia encephalitis were detected; all cases were detected in Hispanic individuals, and all cases were fatal. Examination of hematoxylin-eosin-stained and immunostained sections of brain tissue obtained at biopsy or autopsy for amoebae confirmed balamuthiasis in all serum samples with positive IFA results. One case of Acanthamoeba encephalitis was detected in an immunocompromised individual with a normal antibody titer by identification of amoebae in immunostained brain tissue obtained at autopsy. Conclusions. IFA can be successfully used in screening for balamuthiasis and acanthamoebiasis in patients whose clinical presentation, laboratory results, and neuroimaging findings are suggestive of amoebic encephalitis. Ideally, this can lead to an earlier definitive diagnosis and earlier start of antimicrobial therapy. Without IFA staining, the balamuthiasis cases in our study would have been diagnosed as neurocysticercosis, tumor, tuberculosis, or viral encephalitis or would have been undiagnosed. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM fschuste@dhs.ca.gov FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU915548-03] NR 24 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1260 EP 1265 DI 10.1086/503037 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 029JD UT WOS:000236557600007 PM 16586385 ER PT J AU Link, MW Armsby, PP Hubal, RC Guinn, CI AF Link, MW Armsby, PP Hubal, RC Guinn, CI TI Accessibility and acceptance of responsive virtual human technology as a survey interviewer training tool SO COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE technology-based training; virtual reality; speech processing; interviewer training; survey research ID SYSTEMS; REALITY AB Research on survey non-response suggests that advanced communication and listening skills are among the best strategies telephone interviewers can employ for obtaining survey participation, allowing them to identify and address respondents' concerns immediately with appropriate, tailored language. Yet training on interaction skills is typically insufficient, relying on role-playing or passive learning through lecture and videos. What is required is repetitive, structured practice in a realistic work environment. This research examines acceptance by trainees of an application based on responsive virtual human technology (RVHT) as a tool for teaching refusal avoidance skills to telephone interviewers. The application tested here allows interviewers to practice confronting common objections offered by reluctant sample members. Trainee acceptance of the training tool as a realistic simulation of "real life" interviewing situations is the first phase in evaluating the overall effectiveness of the RVHT approach. Data were gathered from two sources - structured debrief questionnaires administered to users of the application, and observations of users by researchers and instructors. The application was tested with a group of approximately 50 telephone interviewers of varying skill and experience levels. The research presents findings from these acceptance evaluations and discusses users' experiences with and perceived effectiveness of the virtual training tool. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Link, MW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mlink@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0747-5632 J9 COMPUT HUM BEHAV JI Comput. Hum. Behav. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 412 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.chb.2004.09.008 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 012EE UT WOS:000235320200007 ER PT J AU Martins, SL Curtis, KM Glasier, AF AF Martins, SL Curtis, KM Glasier, AF TI Combined hormonal contraception and bone health: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE hormonal contraception; fracture; bone mineral density; systematic reviews ID DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; COMBINED ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; NORD-TRONDELAG HEALTH; BIRTH-CONTROL PILLS; LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; 30 MU-G; MINERAL DENSITY; YOUNG-WOMEN; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; RISK-FACTORS AB This systematic review examined whether women who use combined hormonal contraception experience changes in risk of fracture or bone mineral density (BMD) that differ from nonusers. We identified 86 articles from PubMed and EMBASE (published 1966 to August 2005) that reported on fracture or BMD outcomes by use of combined hormonal contraceptives. The evidence relating to combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and fracture is inconclusive, as results from the available studies conflict. Studies of adolescent and young adult women generally found lower BMD among COC users than nonusers. Evidence for premenopausal adult women suggested no differences in BMD between COC users and nonusers. COC use in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women preserved bone mass, while nonusers lost BMD, but BMD among former COC users in this age group was the same as for never-users. Evidence for other combined hormonal methods was very limited, with one study indicating no effect of combined hormonal injectable use among premenopausal women oil BMD and one study suggesting lower BMD among premenopausal users of the NuvaRing than in nonusers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Hlth Serv, Lothian Primary & Community Div, Family Planning & Well Woman Serv, Edinburgh EH4 1NL, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Clin Sci & Community Hlth, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Publ Hlth Policy, London WC1E 7HT, England. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 106 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 BP 445 EP 469 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.01.003 PG 25 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 038GZ UT WOS:000237208500004 PM 16627030 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Martins, SL AF Curtis, KM Martins, SL TI Progestogen-only contraception and bone mineral density: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE contraception; progestogen; bone mineral density; fracture; systematic review ID DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; LONG-TERM USERS; COMBINED ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ADOLESCENT WOMEN; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION; NORPLANT(R) IMPLANTS; FRACTURE RISK; THAI WOMEN; GIRLS AB Questions have been raised about the effects of progestogen-only contraceptive use on bone health, particularly among young women who have not yet reached peak bone mass and perimenopausal women who may be starting to lose bone mass. We conducted a systematic review that evaluated the association between progestogen-only contraceptive use and fracture risk or bone mineral density (BMD). We identified 39 articles from MEDLINE and EMBASE, published through July 2005. One study reported that depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) users were more likely to experience stress fractures than nonusers; this association was not statistically significant after controlling for baseline bone density. In cross-sectional studies, the mean BMD in DMPA users was usually below that of nonusers, but within 1 SD. In longitudinal studies, BMD generally decreased more over time among DMPA users than among nonusers, but women gained WAD upon discontinuation of DMPA. Limited evidence suggested that use of progestogen-only contraceptives other than DMPA did not affect BMD. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reproduct Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reproduct Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 BP 470 EP 487 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.12.010 PG 18 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 038GZ UT WOS:000237208500005 PM 16627031 ER PT J AU Cummings, B Mengistu, M Negash, W Bekele, A Ghile, T AF Cummings, Beverley Mengistu, Meseret Negash, Wubalem Bekele, Abeba Ghile, Tadesse TI Barriers to and facilitators for female participation in an HIV prevention project in Rural Ethiopia: Findings from a qualitative evaluation SO CULTURE HEALTH & SEXUALITY LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; women; participation; intervention; gender ID RADIO SOAP-OPERA; WOMEN; BEHAVIOR; AIDS; SEX AB Ethiopian women face complex social and cultural factors that influence their probability of HIV infection. HIV prevention efforts among this population are particularly important; however, female participation in a rural, HIV prevention project has been minimal. This programme evaluation investigated barriers and facilitators influencing women's ability to participate in project activities. Evaluation data were collected through nine focus groups and 20 semi-structured interviews, which were conducted between October and November 2003. The main themes found to negatively influence women's decisions to participate in this HIV prevention activity included: domestic workloads, lack of education and awareness, and cultural norms that have discouraged discussions about HIV and sexuality. Domestic chores, which are labour intensive and limit time and energy, were found to be the primary barrier to participation among women. Respondents also indicated that female illiteracy and limited educational attainment occur within a social context that traditionally supports education for men but discourages formal knowledge among women, including HIV prevention. Lack of education and inability to freely discuss sexuality denies women access to health information, potentially exposing women to adverse consequences such as HIV infection. Identified facilitators of participation included a radio serial drama and the one female peer educator associated with the project. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. CARE Int, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Cummings, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM bfc2@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1369-1058 J9 CULT HEALTH SEX JI Cult. Health Sex PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 251 EP 266 DI 10.1080/13691050600765103 PG 16 WC Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 064XF UT WOS:000239123300005 PM 16801226 ER PT J AU Kurkjian, KM Mahmutovic, A Kehar, KL Haque, R Bern, C Secor, WE AF Kurkjian, KM Mahmutovic, A Kehar, KL Haque, R Bern, C Secor, WE TI Multiplex analysis of circulating cytokines in the sera of patients with different clinical forms of visceral leishmaniasis SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE visceral leishmaniasis; Leishmania donovani; multiplexed microsphere assay (MMA); multiplexed cytokine immunoassay; IL-8; IL-10; IL-12; post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AZAR DERMAL LEISHMANIASIS; KALA-AZAR; INTERFERON-GAMMA; RECOMBINANT K-39; INTERLEUKIN-10; PROFILE; IMMUNOASSAYS; BANGLADESH; INFECTION AB Background: The clinical spectrum of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a chronic intracellular parasitic disease, ranges from a subclinical, asymptomatic infection to severe clinical disease (kala-azar). In experimental leishmaniasis, mice that have a Th1 response to infection tend to have limited disease while a Th2 response is associated with disease progression. Humans with VL most often have mixed rather than polarized responses. However, most clinical studies have used methods that require a relatively large sample volume, thus limiting their scope. Measuring multiple cytokine levels in blood samples using a multiplexed microsphere assay (MMA) may be useful to further evaluate the Th1/Th2 paradigm in humans. Methods: Bangladeshi individuals (n = 120) living in in area endemic for NFL were categorized into one of the five clinical categories. Sera from these individuals were measured for levels of IL2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IIA2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha by multiplexed microsphere cytokine immunoassay. Results: Circulating IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 differed significantly among the clinical groups. Persons with kala-azar lem on stra ted the highest niedian levels of IL-8 and IL-10 but lower median levels of IL-12. Conclusions: The MMA for cytokines is an extremely timeand sample-efficicrit method for characterizing cirCUlating cytokine levels in visceral lcishrnaniasis patients. (c) 2006 International Society kw Analytical Cytology C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Parasit Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Parasit Dis Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS-F13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM was4@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD MAY PY 2006 VL 69A IS 5 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20256 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 037ZU UT WOS:000237187700006 PM 16604536 ER PT J AU Norris, SL Chowdhury, FM Van Le, K Horsley, T Brownstein, JN Zhang, X Jack, L Satterfield, DW AF Norris, SL Chowdhury, FM Van Le, K Horsley, T Brownstein, JN Zhang, X Jack, L Satterfield, DW TI Effectiveness of community health workers in the care of persons with diabetes SO DIABETIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE community health workers; diabetes education; lay health workers; self-management ID SELF-MANAGEMENT EDUCATION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE; PROGRAM; INTERVENTION; PROJECT; TRIAL; COMPLICATIONS; RISK AB Aims The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of community health workers in supporting the care of persons with diabetes. Methods Computerized searches were conducted of multiple electronic bibliographic dababases until March 2004. We identified studies in any language and of any design that examined the effectiveness of diabetes-related interventions involving community health workers and reported outcomes in persons with diabetes. Results were synthesized narratively. Results Eighteen studies were identified, including eight randomized controlled trials. Most studies focused on minority populations in the USA. The roles and duties of community health workers in diabetes care were varied, ranging from substantial involvement in patient care to providing instrumental assistance in education sessions taught by other health professionals. Participants were generally satisfied with their contacts with community health workers and participant knowledge increased. Improvements in physiological measures were noted for some interventions and positive changes in lifestyle and self-care were noted in a number of studies. There were few data on economic outcomes, but several studies demonstrated a decrease in inappropriate health care utilization. Conclusions Diabetes programmes include community health workers as team members in a variety of roles. There are some preliminary data demonstrating improvements in participant knowledge and behaviour. Much additional research, however, is needed to understand the incremental benefit of community health workers in multicomponent interventions and to identify appropriate settings and optimal roles for community health workers in the care of persons with diabetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Med Informat & Clin Epidemiol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Heart Dis & Stroke, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Satterfield, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-10,4770 buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dxs9@cdc.gov OI Horsley, Tanya/0000-0002-1256-9582 NR 49 TC 167 Z9 169 U1 1 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0742-3071 J9 DIABETIC MED JI Diabetic Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 5 BP 544 EP 556 DI 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01845.x PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 035PB UT WOS:000237012700012 PM 16681564 ER PT J AU Clark, CM Driver, CR Munsiff, SS Driscoll, JR Kreiswirth, BN Zhao, BY Ebrahimzadeh, A Salfinger, M Piatek, AS Abdelwahab, J AF Clark, CM Driver, CR Munsiff, SS Driscoll, JR Kreiswirth, BN Zhao, BY Ebrahimzadeh, A Salfinger, M Piatek, AS Abdelwahab, J CA New York City Molecular TI Universal genotyping in tuberculosis control program, New York City, 2001-2003 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE POPULATION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMPLEX STRAINS; SAN-FRANCISCO; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; IS6110 AB In 2001, New York City implemented genotyping to its tuberculosis (TB) control activities by using IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and spoligotyping to type isolates from culture-positive TB patients. Results are used to identify previously unknown links among genotypically clustered patients, unidentified sites of transmission, and potential false-positive cultures. From 2001 to 2003, spoligotype and IS6110-based RFLP results were obtained for 90.7% of eligible and 93.7% of submitted isolates. Fifty-nine (2.4%) of 2,437 patient isolates had false-positive culture results, and 205 genotype clusters were identified, with 2-81 cases per cluster. Cluster investigations yielded 57 additional links and 17 additional sites of transmission. Four additional TB cases were identified as a result of case finding initiated through cluster investigations. Length of unnecessary treatment decreased among patients with false-positive cultures. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Publ Hlth Res Inst, Newark, NJ USA. Publ Hlth Labs, New York, NY USA. RP Clark, CM (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth, Tuberculosis Control Program, 225 Broadway,22nd Floor,Box 72B, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM cclark@health.NYC.gov NR 30 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 719 EP 724 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 037ZP UT WOS:000237187200001 PM 16704826 ER PT J AU Campbell, GL Mataczynski, JD Reisdorf, ES Powell, JW Martin, DA Lambert, AJ Haupt, TE Davis, JP Lanciotti, RS AF Campbell, GL Mataczynski, JD Reisdorf, ES Powell, JW Martin, DA Lambert, AJ Haupt, TE Davis, JP Lanciotti, RS TI Second human case of Cache Valley virus disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BUNYAMWERA SEROGROUP VIRUS; BUNYAVIRUSES; INFECTION; ANTIBODY AB We document the second known case of Cache Valley virus disease in a human. Cache Valley virus disease is rarely diagnosed in North America, in part because laboratories rarely test for it. Its true incidence, effect on public health, and full clinical spectrum remain to be determined. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. All St Healthcare Syst, Racine, WI USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. RP Campbell, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM GLCampbell@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 854 EP 856 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 037ZP UT WOS:000237187200029 PM 16704854 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI On the threshold of illness and emotional isolation SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 878 EP 879 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 037ZP UT WOS:000237187200042 ER PT J AU Wheeler, MW Park, RM Bailer, AJ AF Wheeler, Matthew W. Park, Robert M. Bailer, A. John TI Comparing median lethal concentration values using confidence interval overlap or ratio tests SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE median lethal concentration; significance testing; type I error rates; power; Fieller's method AB Experimenters in toxicology often compare the concentration-response relationship between two distinct populations using the median lethal concentration (LC50). This comparison is sometimes done by calculating the 95% confidence interval for the LC50 for each population, concluding that no significant difference exists if the two confidence intervals overlap. A more appropriate test compares the ratio of the LC50s to 1 or the log(LC50 ratio) to 0. In this ratio test, we conclude that no difference exists in LC50s if the confidence interval for the ratio of the LC50s contains I or the confidence interval for the log(LC50 ratio) contains 0. A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to compare the confidence interval overlap test to the ratio test. The confidence interval overlap test performs substantially below the nominal alpha = 0.05 level, closer to p = 0.005; therefore, it has considerably less power for detecting true differences compared to the ratio test. The ratio-based method exhibited better type I error rates and superior power properties in comparison to the confidence interval overlap test. Thus, a ratio-based statistical procedure is preferred to using simple overlap of two independently derived confidence intervals. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Wheeler, MW (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mwheeler@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 42 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1441 EP 1444 DI 10.1897/05-320R.1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 082GB UT WOS:000240373600035 PM 16704080 ER PT J AU Shaw, GM Carmichael, SL Laurent, C Rasmussen, SA AF Shaw, GM Carmichael, SL Laurent, C Rasmussen, SA TI Maternal nutrient intakes and risk of orofacial clefts SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; CONGENITAL HEART-DEFECTS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; ORAL CLEFTS; MULTIVITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY-INTAKE; FOLATE INTAKE; PREVENTION; LIP AB Background: Information about nutritional factors as potential risks of orofacial clefts is limited. Methods: In this population-based case-control study, we investigated whether periconceptional intakes of supplemental folic acid, dietary folate, and several other nutrients were associated with orofacial clefts. We included data on deliveries from 1997 through 2000 in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Orofacial cleft cases were infants or fetuses born with cleft palate (CP) or with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP). Infants without malformations were eligible as controls. Interview participation was 71% among case mothers and 68% among control mothers. Interviews were completed for 704 CLP cases, 404 CP cases, and 2594 controls. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for UP associated with use of vitamin supplements containing folic acid was 0.88 (95% confidence interval = 0.73-1.07) and for CP was 1.09 (0.84-1.40). Adjusting for maternal race/ethnicity, age, and education produced an OR of 1.01 (0.82-1.24) for CLP and 1.02 (0.77-1.34) for CP. We found some evidence for decreased CLP risks (>= 30% reduction in risk) with increasing intakes of total protein, choline, and methionine. Decreased CP risk was associated with increased intake of cysteine. Intakes of only 2 micronutrients, iron and riboflavin, were found to reduce CLP risk when adjusted for other nutrients. Conclusion: Our observations contribute to the limited body of evidence suggesting a woman's periconceptional diet may influence clefting risks in her offspring. Our finding of no reduction in clefting risk with periconceptional use of supplements containing folic acid is inconsistent with many previous observations but not all. C1 March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shaw, GM (reprint author), March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, 1917 5th St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gsh@cbdmp.org RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU913241] NR 41 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000208348.30012..35 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 034JY UT WOS:000236926500014 PM 16570024 ER PT J AU Kobau, R DiIorio, CA Anderson, LA Price, PH AF Kobau, R DiIorio, CA Anderson, LA Price, PH TI Further validation and reliability testing of the attitudes and beliefs about living with epilepsy (ABLE) components of the CDC epilepsy program instrument on stigma SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; stigma; attitude assessment; scale development; confirmatory factor analysis ID PUBLIC-ATTITUDES; KNOWLEDGE AB The aim of this study was to conduct additional validation and reliability testing of the Attitudes and Beliefs about Living with Epilepsy (ABLE) components of the CDC Epilepsy Program Instrument on Stigma. Thirteen items were tested using a representative sample of U.S. adults (n = 4345). Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed two underlying constructs as hypothesized that accounted for 61% of the variance in the factor analysis: Negative Stereotypes (alpha = 0.86) and Risk and Safety Concerns (alpha = 0.88). As expected, participants differed on scale scores by demographic characteristics. Test-retest reliability was acceptable. The results of these analyses extend those from our previous study suggesting that the negative stereotypes and risk and safety concern scales demonstrate acceptable validity and reliability, and can be used to measure attitudes toward epilepsy related to these two domains. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Epilepsy Program, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth,CoCHP,NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP DiIorio, CA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM RKobau@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-5050 J9 EPILEPSY BEHAV JI Epilepsy Behav. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 552 EP 559 DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.01.008 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 045BD UT WOS:000237716700013 PM 16497562 ER PT J AU Mansergh, G Naorat, S Jommaroeng, R Jenkins, RA Jeeyapant, S Kanggarnrua, K Phanuphak, P Tappero, JW Van Griensven, F AF Mansergh, Gordon Naorat, Sathapana Jommaroeng, Rapeepun Jenkins, Richard A. Jeeyapant, Supaporn Kanggarnrua, Kamolset Phanuphak, Praphan Tappero, Jordan W. Van Griensven, Frits TI Adaptation of venue-day-time sampling in Southeast Asia to access men who have sex with men for HIV assessment in Bangkok SO FIELD METHODS LA English DT Article DE sampling; methodology; Bangkok; Southeast Asia; HIV; men who have sex with men (MSM); gay; bisexual ID NORTHERN THAILAND; YOUNG MEN; INFECTION AB This article describes adaptation and implementation of venue-day-time (VDT) sampling to enroll Thai men who have sex with men (MSM) through bars, saunas, and parks in Bangkok for the first comnunity-based assessment of HIV prevalence and risk behavior. VDT sampling had four phases: (1) identification and geographic mapping of venues, (2) enumerating foot traffic at a subset of venues, (3) determination of eligibility and willingness to participate at a further subset of venues, and (4) enrollment of participants at a final set of venues. Field staff included peer staff, information technologists, and lab specialists. Survey data were collected with hand-held computers; oral fluid specimens were collected for HIV testing. Local stakeholders were included in the process. The VDT sampling process took 6 months to complete, with 1,121 MSM enrolled. The successful implementation of VDT sampling provides a model for adapting the method to access and assess hard-to-reach populations in other non-Western settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Thai Red Cross Soc, AIDS Res Ctr, Bangkok, Thailand. Rainbow Sky Org, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Mansergh, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1525-822X J9 FIELD METHOD JI Field Methods PD MAY PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 135 EP 152 DI 10.1177/1525822X05282267 PG 18 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 118TV UT WOS:000242965500002 ER PT J AU Pappas, RS Polzin, GM Zhang, L Watson, CH Paschal, DC Ashley, DL AF Pappas, RS Polzin, GM Zhang, L Watson, CH Paschal, DC Ashley, DL TI Cadmium, lead, and thallium in mainstream tobacco smoke particulate SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tobacco; cigarettes; smoke; lead; cadmium; thallium ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; HEAVY-METALS; FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTIONS; BIOLOGICAL INDEXES; PLACENTAL-TRANSFER; CARBON-MONOXIDE; TRACE AB The deliveries of cadmium, thallium, and lead in mainstream smoke particulate from cigarettes with different smoke delivery designs were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in order to investigate their impact on the delivery of these known toxic compounds. Analyses showed that the levels of all three metals in smoke particulate were associated with their tar delivery category. After normalizing the metal concentrations to tar, there were no longer any statistically significant delivery differences between full-flavor, light or ultra-light cigarettes. When the concentrations were normalized to nicotine, the mean levels from the three delivery groups were much smaller than before normalization. But unlike the case using tar to normalize, in some of the cases, there were still some statistically significant differences in the nicotine-normalized results. These findings suggest that if smokers compensate for differences in nicotine intake, they receive exposures to toxic heavy metals from ultra-light, light and full-flavor cigarettes that are more similar than results would suggest from using the Federal Trade Commission method alone. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pappas, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RPappas@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 714 EP 723 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2005.10.004 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 048FD UT WOS:000237932100012 PM 16309811 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, R Ponder, KP James, AH Soucie, JM Koerper, M Hoots, WK Lusher, JM AF Kulkarni, R Ponder, KP James, AH Soucie, JM Koerper, M Hoots, WK Lusher, JM TI Unresolved issues in diagnosis and management of inherited bleeding disorders in the perinatal period: A white paper of The Perinatal Task Force of the Medical and Scientific Advisory Council of the National Hemophilia Foundation, USA SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Review DE bleeding; carrier; haemophilia; intracranial hemorrhage; neonatal; pregnancy ID HUMAN-FACTOR-IX; FACTOR-VIII; EXTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE; DELIVERY; CARRIERS; AGE; EXPERIENCE; TOLERANCE; NEWBORNS C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Pediat & Human Dev, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Wayne State Univ, Childrens Hosp, Detroit, MI USA. RP Kulkarni, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Pediat & Human Dev, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM roshni@msu.edu NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2006.01277.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 035PQ UT WOS:000237014200001 PM 16643202 ER PT J AU Villarino, ME Mazurek, G AF Villarino, Margarita E. Mazurek, Gerald TI Tuberculosis contacts, concerns, and controls: What matters for healthcare workers? SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Villarino, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, NCHSTP,MS E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MEV1@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 433 EP 435 DI 10.1086/504499 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 204IF UT WOS:000249036500001 PM 16671021 ER PT J AU Liu, JW Lu, SN Chen, SS Yang, KD Lin, MC Wu, CC Bloland, PB Park, SY Wong, W Tsao, KC Lin, TY Chen, CL AF Liu, Jien-Wei Lu, Sheng-Nan Chen, Shun-Sheng Yang, Kuender D. Lin, Meng-Chih Wu, Chao-Chien Bloland, Peter B. Park, Sarah Y. Wong, William Tsao, Kuo-Chien Lin, Tzou-Yien Chen, Chao-Long TI Epidemiologic study and containment of a nosocomial outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in a medical center in kaohsiung, Taiwan SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATYPICAL SARS; HONG-KONG; CORONAVIRUS; RESPONSES; TORONTO AB Objective. We conducted an epidemiologic investigation at the beginning of a nosocomial outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) to clarify the dynamics of SARS transmission, the magnitude of the SARS outbreak, and the impact of the outbreak on the community. Methods. We identified all potential cases of nosocomially acquired SARS, linked them to the most likely infection source, and described the hospital containment measures. Setting. A 2,300-bed medical center in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Results. A total of 55 cases of SARS were identified, and 227 hospital workers were quarantined. The index patient and neighboring patients were isolated. A chest physician team reviewed medical charts and chest radiographs and monitored the development of SARS in patients staying in the ward. The presence of underlying lung disease and immunocompromise in some patients made the diagnosis of SARS difficult. Some cases of SARS were diagnosed after the patients had died. Medical personnel were infected only if they cared for patients with unrecognized SARS, and caretakers played important roles in transmission of SARS to family members. As the number of cases of nosocomial SARS increased, the hospital closed the affected ward and expedited construction of negative-pressure rooms on other vacated floors for patient cohorting, and the last case in the hospital was identified 1 week later. Conclusions. Timely recognition of SARS is extremely important. However, given the limitations of SARS testing, possible loss of epidemic links, and the nonspecific clinical presentations in hospitalized patients, it is very important to establish cohorts of persons with low, medium, and high likelihoods of SARS acquisition. Rapid closure of affected wards may minimize the impact on hospital operations. Establishment of hospitals dedicated to appropriate treatment of patients with SARS might minimize the impact of the disease in future epidemics. C1 Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Med Ctr, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Div Hepatogastroenterol, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Neurol, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Med Ctr, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Med Ctr, Clin Virol Lab, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Chang Gung Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Chang Gung Univ, Coll Med, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chen, CL (reprint author), Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Med Ctr, 123 Ta Pei Rd,Niao Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. RI Li, Lien/I-9223-2014 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 466 EP 472 DI 10.1086/504501 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 204IF UT WOS:000249036500007 PM 16671027 ER PT J AU Ofner-Agostini, M Gravel, D McDonald, LC Lem, M Sarwal, S McGeer, A Green, K Vearncombe, M Roth, V Paton, S Loeb, M Simor, A AF Ofner-Agostini, Marianna Gravel, Denise McDonald, L. Clifford Lem, Marcus Sarwal, Shelley McGeer, Allison Green, Karen Vearncombe, Mary Roth, Virginia Paton, Shirley Loeb, Mark Simor, Andrew TI Cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome among Toronto Healthcare workers after implementation of infection control precautions: A case series SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; CORONAVIRUS AB Objective. To review the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) infection control practices, the types of exposure to patients with SARS, and the activities associated with treatment of such patients among healthcare workers (HCWs) who developed SARS in Toronto, Canada, after SARS-specific infection control precautions had been implemented. Methods. A retrospective review of work logs and patient assignments, detailed review of medical records of patients with SARS, and comprehensive telephone-based interviews of HCWs who met the case definition for SARS after implementation of infection control precautions. Results. Seventeen HCWs from 6 hospitals developed disease that met the case definition for SARS after implementation of infection control precautions. These HCWs had a mean age (+/- SD) of years. Two HCWs were not interviewed because of illness. Of the 39 +/- 2.3 remaining 15, only 9 (60%) reported that they had received formal infection control training. Thirteen HCWs (87%) were unsure of proper order in which personal protective equipment should be donned and doffed. Six HCWs (40%) reused items (eg, stethoscopes, goggles, and cleaning equipment) elsewhere on the ward after initial use in a room in which a patient with SARS was staying. Use of masks, gowns, gloves, and eyewear was inconsistent among HCWs. Eight (54%) reported that they were aware of a breach in infection control precautions. HCWs reported fatigue due to an increase number and length of shifts; participants worked a median of 10 shifts during the 10 days before onset of symptoms. Seven HCWs were involved in the intubation of a patient with SARS. One HCW died, and the remaining 16 recovered. Conclusion. Multiple factors were likely responsible for SARS in these HCWs, including the performance of high-risk patient care procedures, inconsistent use of personal protective equipment, fatigue, and lack of adequate infection control training. C1 Ottawa Hosp, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Mt Sinai Hosp, Sunnybrook & Womens Coll, Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. Hamilton Hlth Sci Corp, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ofner-Agostini, M (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Hlth Care Acquired Infect Div, Nosocomial & Occupat Infect Sect, Tunneys Pasture,PL 0601E2, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. EM m.ofner@utoronto.ca RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 8 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 473 EP 478 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 204IF UT WOS:000249036500008 PM 16671028 ER PT J AU Cowan, L Esteban, E McElroy-Hart, R Kieszak, S Meyer, PA Rosales, C Applegate, M Velez, GM Arias-Ortiz, J Rubin, C AF Cowan, L Esteban, E McElroy-Hart, R Kieszak, S Meyer, PA Rosales, C Applegate, M Velez, GM Arias-Ortiz, J Rubin, C TI Binational study of pediatric blood lead levels along the United States/Mexico border SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE childhood lead poisoning; US/Mexico border; pediatric blood lead levels; Hispanic children; Bi-national study ID EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; COHORT; MEXICO; CITY; IQ AB To evaluate lead exposure among children living in border communities, the states of Arizona and New Mexico in the United States (US), and the states of Sonora and Chihuahua in Mexico collaboratively requested that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provide technical assistance to document pediatric blood lead levels (BLLs) in children living along this part of the US/Mexico border. Two studies were conducted to evaluate BLLs of children aged 1-6 years. In 1998, 1210 children were tested in the Arizona/Sonora study; in 1999, 874 children were tested in New Mexico/Chihuahua. Overall geometric mean BLL was 32.5 mu g/l (95% Confidence Interval 31.5-33.5) with BLLs ranging from below limit of detection to 320.0 mu g/l. Mean BLLs were higher among children living on the Mexican side of the border (43.2 mu g/l) compared to those on the US side (22.3 mu g/l). Mean BLLs ranged from 14.9 to 31.2 mu g/l at the US sites and from 26.9 to 55.2 mu g/l at the Mexican sites. This study used a convenience sample and cannot be considered representative of the general population. Nonetheless, the range of mean BLLs among the sites and especially the higher mean BLLs among children living in the border communities in Mexico suggests different exposures to lead and warrants further attention. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA, Western Lab, Off Publ Hlth Serv, Food & Safety Inspect Serv, Alameda, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Border Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, New Mexico Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Progr, Santa Fe, NM USA. Secretaria Salud Publ Sonora, Direcc Gen Serv Salud, Oficina Epidemiol, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Secretaria Salud Publ Chihuahua, Oficina Epidemiol, Chihuahua, Mexico. RP Rubin, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, MS F-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM crubin@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 209 IS 3 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.12.003 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 046RO UT WOS:000237828900003 PM 16459142 ER PT J AU Piesman, J AF Piesman, J TI Strategies for reducing the risk of Lyme borreliosis in North America SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Potsdam Symposium on Tick-Borne Diseases (IPS VIII) CY MAR 10-12, 2005 CL Jena, GERMANY DE Lyme disease; United States; prevention; Ixodes scapularis; tick control ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; WHITE-TAILED DEER; IXODIPHAGUS-HOOKERI HYMENOPTERA; TOPICAL TREATMENT DEVICE; DAMMINI ACARI; INSECTICIDAL SOAP; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; IXODIDAE NYMPHS; SOUTHEASTERN CONNECTICUT; RESIDENTIAL AREA AB The incidence of Lyme borreliosis continues to increase in the United States. In 1991, when Lyme borreliosis first became a nationally reportable disease to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a total of 9470 cases were reported; in contrast, by 2002 a total of 23,763 cases were reported, > 2.5x the total in 1991. Area-wide acaricides can be highly effective in killing nymphal Ixodes scapularis, with > 95% of nymphs killed in studies using cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, or carbaryl. The majority of residents living in households within the area hyperendemic for Lyme borreliosis will not, however, consider the use of area-wide acaricides. A survey of communities in 4 states (Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York) demonstrated that < 25% of the populace have used area-wide acaricides on their own property. In searching for alternative methods of reducing Lyme borreliosis risk, host-targeted methods have been proven to be effective. Newly developed methods include the use of acaricides applied to deer feeder stations. This method is called the 4-poster method and has been shown in trials to reduce populations of nymphal I. scapularis by >= 69%. In addition, rodent-targeted bait boxes containing fipronil have been shown to eliminate ticks on mice and negatively impact the population of questing I. scapularis and reduce the proportion of these ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorfri sensu stricto. Host eradication can also be utilized. On Monhegan Island, Maine, white-tailed deer were totally eradicated from the island from 1999 to 2000. By 2004, no immature I. scapularis could be found on rodents on Monhegan Island. Landscape management practices can also be utilized to reduce the risk of Lyme borreliosis as can personal protection procedures including regular tick checks. These practices have been nicely summarized in a new Tick Management Handbook produced by Dr. Kirby C. Stafford III with the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. Although there is no magic bullet available to completely eliminate the risk of Lyme borreliosis from large geographic areas, the use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices holds the prospect for reducing and managing Lyme borreliosis risk in the future. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Piesman, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM jpiesman@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4221 J9 INT J MED MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Med. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 296 SU 40 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.ijmm.200.11.007 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Virology SC Microbiology; Virology GA 056UI UT WOS:000238550200004 PM 16524769 ER PT J AU Sterling, TR Zhao, Z Khan, A Chaisson, RE Schluger, N Mangura, B Weiner, M Vernon, A AF Sterling, TR Zhao, Z Khan, A Chaisson, RE Schluger, N Mangura, B Weiner, M Vernon, A CA Tuberculosis Trials Consortium TI Mortality in a large tuberculosis treatment trial: modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; mortality; HIV; malignancy ID HIV-RELATED TUBERCULOSIS; CASE-FATALITY RATE; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; DEATH CERTIFICATE; NETHERLANDS; RIFAPENTINE; DIAGNOSIS; THERAPY; TWICE; CITY AB SETTING: North America. OBJECTIVES: Tuberculosis (TB) patients in North America often have characteristics that may increase overall mortality. Identifying modifiable risk factors would allow for improvements in outcome. DESIGN: We evaluated mortality in a large TB treatment trial conducted in the United States and Canada. Persons with culture-positive pulmonary TB were enrolled after 2 months of treatment, treated for 4 more months under direct observation, and followed for 2 years (total observation: 28 months). Cause of death was determined by death certificate, autopsy, and/or clinical observation. RESULTS: Of 1075 participants, 71 (6.6%) died: 15/71 (21.1%) HIV-infected persons, and 56/1004 (5.6%) non-HIV-infected persons (P < 0.001). Only one death was attributed to TB. Cox multivariate regression analysis identified four independent risk factors for death after controlling for age: malignancy (hazard ratio [HR] 5.28, P < 0.0001), HIV (HR 3.89, P < 0.0001), daily alcohol (HR 2.94, P < 0.0001), and being unemployed (HR 1.99, P = 0.01). The risk of death increased with the number of independent risk factors present (P < 0.0001). Extent of disease and treatment failure/relapse were not associated with an increased risk of death. CONCLUSIONS: Death due to TB was rare. Interventions to treat malignancy, HIV, and alcohol use in TB patients are needed to reduce mortality in this patient population. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Ctr TB Res, Baltimore, MD USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Natl TB Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Sterling, TR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, A2209 Med Ctr N,1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM timothy.sterling@vanderbilt.edu NR 30 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 BP 542 EP 549 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 038JT UT WOS:000237216500012 PM 16704037 ER PT J AU Patel, P Klausner, JD Bacon, OM Liska, S Taylor, M Gonzalez, A Kohn, RP Wong, W Harvey, S Kerndt, PR Holmberg, SD AF Patel, P Klausner, JD Bacon, OM Liska, S Taylor, M Gonzalez, A Kohn, RP Wong, W Harvey, S Kerndt, PR Holmberg, SD TI Detection of acute HIV infections in high-risk patients in California SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted disease; acute HIV infection; ribonucleic acid; syphilis; HIV detection ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; SEROCONVERSION; IDENTIFICATION; VIREMIA; PLASMA; DONORS; SERA; TIME AB Background: Given the strong relationship between sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and the spread of HIV infection, recent outbreaks of syphilis in the United States could lead to increased rates of new HIV infection. STD clinics serving persons at risk for syphilis would be logical sites to monitor rates of acute HIV infection. The detection of acute HIV infection, however, is not routine and requires the use of HIV RNA testing in combination with HIV antibody testing. Methods: To determine the rate of acute HIV infection, we performed HIV RNA testing on pooled HIV antibody-negative specimens from persons seeking care at San Francisco City Clinic (SFCC) and from trien seeking care at 3 STD clinics in Los Angeles. We compared prevalence of acute HIV infection among those groups. Results: From October 2003 to July 2004, we tested 3075 specimens from persons at the SFCC, of which 105 (3%) were HIV antibody-positive and 11 were HIV RNA-positive/HIV antibody-negative, resulting in a prevalence of acute HIV infection of 36 per 10,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26 to 50 per 10,000) and increasing by 10.5% the diagnostic yield of HIV RNA testing compared with standard testing. From February 2004 to April 2004, 1712 specimens were tested from men at 3 Los Angeles STD clinics, of which 14 (0.82%) were HIV-positive by enzyme immunoassay testing and 1 was HIV RNA-positive/HIV anti body-negative, resulting in a prevalence of 6 per 10,000 (95% CI: 3 to 13 per 10,000) and increasing the diagnostic yield for HIV infection by 7.1%. Conclusions: In our study, the addition of HIV RNA screening to routine HIV antibody testing in STD clinics identified a Substantial increased proportion of HIV-infected persons at high risk for further HIV transmission, who would have been missed by routine HIV counseling and testing protocols. Further evaluation of the addition of HIV RNA screening to routine HIV antibody testing is warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. STD Prevent & Control Serv City & Cty San Francis, San Francisco, CA USA. Publ Hlth Lab City & Cty San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, STD Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Publ Hlth Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Patel, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM plp3@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43638] NR 31 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000218363.21088.ad PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 040HX UT WOS:000237370700010 PM 16763493 ER PT J AU Sanchez, TH Gallagher, KM AF Sanchez, TH Gallagher, KM CA HITS-2002 Investigtors TI Factors associated with recent sildenafil (Viagra) use among men who have sex with men in the United States SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE Viagra; sildenafil; men who have sex with men; gay; HIV ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SAN-FRANCISCO; RISK BEHAVIOR; BISEXUAL MEN; HIV; GAY; DYSFUNCTION; DRUG AB Background: Previous studies reported associations between sildenafil (Viagra; Pfizer, New York, NY) use and risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in limited geographic areas or special populations. The purpose of the present study was to examine Viagra use among a broader MSM population. Methods: The 2002 HIV Testing Survey data from MSM recruited at bars in 10 US states was used to examine Viagra use in the 12 months preceding the interview. Independent correlates of Viagra use were identified using logistic regression. Results: Eleven percent (131/1177) of MSM reported recent Viagra use. Users were older (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 2.4 to 6.2, 95% CI: 1.2 to 13.6); were more likely be infected with HIV (aOR = 2.0, CI: 1.0 to 3.9); reported more male sex partners (aOR = 2.4 to 2.7, CI: 1.2 to 5.4); were twice as likely to have unprotected anal intercourse with a nonprimary male partner (aOR = 2.1, CI: 1.2 to 3.5); and were 3 times more likely to report illicit drug usage (aOR = 3.1, CI: 1.9 to 5.2). Fifty-three percent (70/131) of Viagra users simultaneously took illicit drugs. Conclusions: Among MSM from numerous US cities, Viagra use is common and is associated with several high-risk behaviors. These findings are consistent with previous reports and emphasize the need for additional prevention counseling for MSM that incorporates messages targeting Viagra usage and risk behavior. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Sanchez, TH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,M-S E-46, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM TSanchez@cdc.gov OI sanchez, travis/0000-0003-1133-4762 NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000218361.36335.77 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 040HX UT WOS:000237370700014 PM 16763497 ER PT J AU McDavid, K Li, JM Lee, LM AF McDavid, K Li, JM Lee, LM TI Racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses for women in the United States SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV diagnoses; women; trends; disparities; United States ID BISEXUAL MEN; RISK; AIDS; INFECTION; TRENDS; TRANSMISSION; KNOWLEDGE; PROJECT; OLDER AB Background: An estimated 36 1,000 persons in the United States are currently living with HIV (not AIDS), and approximately 29% are women. Methods: Data on all HIV cases diagnosed from 1999 through 2004 for adult and adolescent women at least 13 years old and reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 33 states with confidential name-based reporting systems were used. HIV diagnoses and rates per 100,000 women (95% confidence intervals) were analyzed by age group, race and/or ethnicity, transmission category, diagnosis year, and geographic region. Results: The annual estimated rate of HIV diagnosis for black women decreased significantly, from 82.7 in 2001 to 67.0 in 2004, but remained 21 times that of white women. Rates also decreased significantly for women in all age groups except those aged 50 years and older. In 2004, rates were highest in the Mid Atlantic (23.2 per 100,000) and South Atlantic (20.8 per 100,000) regions, where rates also significantly decreased. Conclusions: Rates of HIV diagnoses remain disproportionately high for Hispanic women and especially for black women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McDavid, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nchstp_reprints@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000199353.11479.08 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 040HX UT WOS:000237370700015 PM 16763498 ER PT J AU Valverde, EE Waldrop-Valverde, D Anderson-Mahoney, P Loughlin, AM Del Rio, C Metsch, L Gardner, LI AF Valverde, EE Waldrop-Valverde, D Anderson-Mahoney, P Loughlin, AM Del Rio, C Metsch, L Gardner, LI TI System and patient barriers to appropriate HIV care for disadvantaged populations: The HIV medical care provider perspective SO JANAC-JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF NURSES IN AIDS CARE LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS care; medical providers ID CULTURAL COMPETENCE; INFECTED ADULTS; CLINICAL-TRIALS; EDUCATION; GENDER; COMMUNICATION; ATTITUDES; SERVICES; IMPACT; WOMEN AB Little is known about the perception of system and patient barriers to adequate HIV care by an essential resource in the provision of HIV care, HIV medical care providers. To evaluate such perceptions, between November 2000 and June 2001 a survey was mailed to 526 HIV medical care providers who cared for HIV-infected individuals in Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles, and Miami. Logistic regression analysis of survey results revealed significant differences in perceptions of system barriers between Black and Hispanic providers versus White providers and non-medical doctor providers versus medical doctor providers. Female providers differed significantly from male providers in assessing the importance of certain system and patient barriers. The authors observed that there are seeming disparities in perceptions of system and patient barriers to HIV medical care by providers of different racelethnic groups, genders, and professions. More research needs to be conducted to determine if these disparities reflect differences in the provision of adequate HIV care for disadvantaged individuals. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Valverde, EE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU417672] NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1055-3290 J9 J ASSOC NURSE AIDS C JI J. Assoc. Nurses Aids Care PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jana.2006.03.002 PG 11 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 047NS UT WOS:000237886600003 PM 16829359 ER PT J AU Carrick, DM Chulada, P Donn, R Fabris, M McNicholl, J Whitworth, W Blackshear, PJ AF Carrick, DM Chulada, P Donn, R Fabris, M McNicholl, J Whitworth, W Blackshear, PJ TI Genetic variations in ZFP36 and their possible relationship to autoimmune diseases SO JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE autoimmune disease; genetic association; polymorphisms; tumor necrosis factor alpha; tristetraprolin ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS; ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; MESSENGER-RNA TURNOVER; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; TRISTETRAPROLIN FAMILY; THERAPEUTIC TARGET; TNF-ALPHA; POLYMORPHISMS AB The ZFP36 gene codes for TTP, a regulator of TNF alpha. In mice, TTP deficiency results in a systemic autoimmune inflammatory syndrome with severe arthritis. We hypothesized that genetic variations in ZFP36 are associated with autoimmune disease in humans. The primary objective of this study was to identify human ZFP36 genetic variants in autoimmune disease cases and controls, determine their frequencies in a general clinic population, and construct haplotypes. We resequenced ZFP36 in 316 individuals with autoimmune diseases and identified 28 polymorphisms and determined the frequency of all the known ZFP36 polymorphisms in 484 participants of the Environmental Polymorphism Registry, a regional registry being conducted by the NIEHS. Based on the sequence-verified ZFP36 genotypes, 34 haplotypes were constructed. As a secondary objective, we examined autoimmune disease cases and controls for potential ZFP36 genetic associations. One novel polymorphism, ZFP36*8, a C to T transition in the protein coding domain, was significantly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in African-Americans (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.11-1.36). The data presented here suggest a tentative association between ZFP36 and RA. This finding, as well as the ZFP36 polymorphisms and haplotypes identified here, should form the basis for future association studies in autoimmune diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIEHS, Off Clin Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Manchester, Arc EU, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Ctr Mol Med, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Carrick, DM (reprint author), Westat Corp, 1500 Res Blvd,TB 206, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM carrick@comcast.net OI Donn, Rachelle/0000-0001-6976-9828 NR 44 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0896-8411 J9 J AUTOIMMUN JI J. Autoimmun. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 182 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.jaut.2006.01.004 PG 15 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 053KI UT WOS:000238303600004 PM 16546352 ER PT J AU Ackerley, DF Barak, Y Lynch, SV Curtin, J Matin, A AF Ackerley, DF Barak, Y Lynch, SV Curtin, J Matin, A TI Effect of chromate stress on Escherichia coli K-12 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GLUTATHIONE; CHROMIUM; RESISTANCE; REDUCTION; GENES; INDUCTION; REGULATOR AB The nature of the stress experienced by Escherichia coli K-12 exposed to chromate, and mechanisms that may enable cells to withstand this stress, were examined. Cells that had been preadapted by overnight growth in the presence of chromate were less stressed than nonadapted controls. Within 3 It of chromate exposure, the latter ceased growth and exhibited extreme filamentous morphology; by 5 It there was partial recovery with restoration of relatively normal cell morphology. In contrast, preadapted cells were less drastically affected in their morphology and growth. Cellular oxidative stress, as monitored by use of an H2O2-responsive fluorescent dye, was most severe in the nonadapted cells at 3 h postinoculation, lower in the partially recovered cells at 5 h postinoculation, and lower still in the preadapted cells. Chromate exposure depleted cellular levels of reduced glutathione and other free thiols to a greater extent in nonadapted than preadapted cells. In both cell types, the SOS response was activated, and levels of proteins such as SodB and CysK, which can counter oxidative stress, were increased. Some mutants missing antioxidant proteins (SodB, CysK, YieF, or KatE) were more sensitive to chromate. Thus, oxidative stress plays a major role in chromate toxicity in vivo, and cellular defense against this toxicity involves activation of antioxidant mechanisms. As bacterial chromate bioremediation is limited by the toxicity of chromate, minimizing oxidative stress during bacterial chromate reduction and bolstering the capacity of these organisms to deal with this stress will improve their effectiveness in chromate bioremediation. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Matin, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sherman Fairchild Sci Bldg,299 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM a.matin@stanford.edu RI Lynch, Susan/B-6272-2009; OI Matin, A. C./0000-0003-4468-980X; Ackerley, David/0000-0002-6188-9902 NR 44 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 188 IS 9 BP 3371 EP 3381 DI 10.1128/JB.188.9.3371-3381.2006 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 037TX UT WOS:000237171200026 PM 16621832 ER PT J AU Eggerth, DE Andrew, ME AF Eggerth, DE Andrew, ME TI Modifying the C index for use with Holland codes of unequal length SO JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE C index; Holland types; Holland codes; RIASEC; person environment fit; congruence ID CONGRUENCE AB The concept of congruence between person and occupation lies at the core of Holland's (1997) theory of career types. The C index is arguably the best available method for comparing the congruence of two Holland code profiles. The C index reflects the theorized hexagonal structure of the Holland RIASEC model, is sensitive to code ordering, and is simple to calculate. However, the C index is formulated to only make comparisons between Holland code profiles three letters in length. Although this is consistent with the instrumentation and supporting materials developed by Holland and his colleagues, it is inconsistent with both the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) and the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), each of which assigns Holland codes of one to three letters. Consequently, the C index cannot be easily used with either the SII or the O*NET. Moreover, the authors argue that it is arbitrary to always calculate congruence using Holland codes three letters in length and that congruence should only be calculated using those Holland types that are clearly salient in the profiles being compared. The modifications to the C index proposed in this article allow comparisons between Holland code profiles of unequal lengths and/or of less than three letters in length and retain the desirable properties of the original C index: reflection of the hexagonal structure, sensitivity, to order, and simplicity of calculation. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Eggerth, DE (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Training Res & Evaluat Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkway,C-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM deggerth@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1069-0727 J9 J CAREER ASSESSMENT JI J. Career Assess. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 14 IS 2 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1177/1069072705283976 PG 9 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 033LM UT WOS:000236849300006 ER PT J AU Eggerth, DE AF Eggerth, DE TI The complicated pig speaks: A reply to Gore and Brown and Tinsley SO JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE C index; Holland types; Holland codes; RIASEC; person environment fit; congruence AB Responses are made to comments regarding Eggerth and Andrew (2006) by Core and Brown (2006) calling for simplification of the modified C index and by Tinsley (2006) questioning the logic of the modified C index (all articles in this issue). C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Eggerth, DE (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Training Branch & Evaluat Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkway,C-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM deggerth@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1069-0727 J9 J CAREER ASSESSMENT JI J. Career Assess. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 14 IS 2 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.1177/1069072705283783 PG 3 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 033LM UT WOS:000236849300009 ER PT J AU Romanoff, LC Li, Z Young, KJ Blakely, NC Patterson, DG Sandau, CD AF Romanoff, LC Li, Z Young, KJ Blakely, NC Patterson, DG Sandau, CD TI Automated solid-phase extraction method for measuring urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in human biomonitoring using isotope-dilution gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PAH; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; biomonitoring; urinary metabolite; hydroxylated PAH; method development ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PAH METABOLITES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; WORKERS; MICROEXTRACTION; BIOMARKERS; EXCRETION; INDICATOR; ADDUCTS AB In order to perform comprehensive epidemiological studies where multiple metabolites of several PAHs are measured and compared in low-dose urine samples, fast and robust methods are needed to measure many analytes in the same sample, We have modified a previous method used for measuring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites by automating the solid-phase extraction (SPE) and including an additional eight metabolites. We also added seven new carbon-13 labeled standards, which improves the use of isotope-dilution calibration. Our method included enzyme hydrolysis, automated SPE and derivatization with a silylating reagent followed by gas chromatography (GC), coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Using this method, we measured 23 metabolites, representing 9 parent PAHs, with detection limits in the low pg/rnL range. All steps in the clean-up procedure were optimized individually, resulting in a method that gives good recoveries (69-93%), reproducibility (coefficient of variation for two quality control pools ranged between 4.6 and 17.1%, N > 156), and the necessary specificity. We used the method to analyze nearly 3000 urine samples in the fifth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001-2002). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. TRIUM Environm Solut Inc, Calgary, AB T3G 3T2, Canada. RP Romanoff, LC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lromanoff@cdc.gov RI Sandau, Courtney/D-9555-2015 OI Sandau, Courtney/0000-0002-4387-3480 NR 25 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 835 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.03.004 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 040HP UT WOS:000237369900007 PM 16563884 ER PT J AU Velasco-Villa, A Orciari, LA Juarez-Islas, V Gomez-Sierra, M Padilla-Medina, I Flisser, A Souza, V Castillo, A Franka, R Escalante-Mane, M Sauri-Gonzalez, I Rupprecht, CE AF Velasco-Villa, A Orciari, LA Juarez-Islas, V Gomez-Sierra, M Padilla-Medina, I Flisser, A Souza, V Castillo, A Franka, R Escalante-Mane, M Sauri-Gonzalez, I Rupprecht, CE TI Molecular diversity of rabies viruses associated with bats in Mexico and other countries of the Americas SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; NUCLEOPROTEIN GENE; UNITED-STATES; VARIANTS; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLYMORPHISM; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; SEQUENCE AB Bat rabies and its transmission to humans and other species in Mexico were investigated. Eighty-nine samples obtained from rabid livestock, cats, (logs, and humans in Mexico were studied by antigenic typing and partial sequence analysis. Samples were further compared with enzootic rabies associated with different species of bats in the Americas. Patterns of nucleotide variation allowed the definition of at least 20 monophyletic clusters associated with 9 or more different bat species. Several lineages associated with distinctive antigenic patterns were found in rabies viruses related to rabies in vampire bats in Mexico. Vampire bat rabies virus lineages associated with antigenic variant 3 are widely spread from Mexico to South America, suggesting these lineages as the most likely, ancestors of vampire bat rabies and the ones that have been moved by vampire bat populations throughout the Americas. Rabies viruses related to Lasiurus cinereus, Histiotus montanus, and some other not yet identified species of the genus Lasiurus were found circulating in Mexico. Long-range dissemination patterns of rabies are not necessarily associated with migratory bat species, as in the case of rabies in Desmodus rotundus and Histiotus montanus. Human rabies was associated with vampire flat transmission ill most cases, and in one case, rabies transmission from free-tailed bats was inferred. The occurrence of rabies spillover from bats to domestic animals was also demonstrated. Genetic typing of rabies viruses allowed us to distinguish trends of disease dissemination and to address, in a preliminary? fashion, aspects of the complex evolution of rabies viruses in different host-reservoir species. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Unit, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Diagnost & Referencia Epidemiol SSA, Lab Rabia, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Dept Ecol Evolut, Lab Evoluc Mol & Expt, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Lab Cent Reg Merida, Yucatan 97130, Mexico. RP Velasco-Villa, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Unit, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dly3@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1697 EP 1710 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.5.1697-1710.2006 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 041YJ UT WOS:000237493000013 PM 16672396 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, JH Crawford, SA Fulcher, LC Glennen, A Harrington, SM Swenson, J Lynfield, R Murray, PR Tenover, FC AF Jorgensen, JH Crawford, SA Fulcher, LC Glennen, A Harrington, SM Swenson, J Lynfield, R Murray, PR Tenover, FC TI Multilaboratory evaluation of disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria meningitidis isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; RELATIVELY RESISTANT; UNITED-STATES; PENICILLIN; INFECTIONS; ANTIBIOTICS; STRAINS; CLONE; MICS AB In 2005, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute published MIC interpretive criteria for 13 antimicrobial agents used for either therapy or prophylaxis of Neisseria meningitidis infections. The MIC method includes the use of lysed horse blood-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth with incubation in 5% CO2 for 20 to 24 h. Since some clinical laboratories might prefer the option of disk diffusion testing for infrequently encountered isolates a multicenter collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the reproducibility of a disk diffusion method for testing isolates of N. meningitidis. Interpretive criteria were developed for 12 antimicrobial agents. Four laboratories tested a common collection of 50 meningococcal strains and then tested 25 unique isolates per laboratory. Isolates were tested using Mueller-Hinton sheep blood agar plates incubated for 20 to 24 h in 5% CO2; they were also tested by the reference broth microdilution method in parallel. Pooling of the MIC and disk diffusion data from the common and unique isolates provided a sufficient sample size to develop susceptible, intermediate, and resistant zone diameter interpretive criteria using the error rate-bounded method for the following agents: chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin. Due to the lack of resistant strains at the present time, "susceptible only" interpretive criteria were proposed for cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, meropenem, azithromycin, and minocycline. The numbers of minor interpretive errors with penicillin and ampicillin disk tests were unacceptably high and precluded recommended testing of those agents by the disk method. However, amdinocillin, an agent that preferentially binds to the altered penicillin binding protein responsible for diminished penicillin susceptibility, has potential utility as a surrogate screening reagent for ampicillin resistance. A disk diffusion breakpoint was derived for nalidixic acid to serve as a surrogate marker for gyrase A mutations associated with diminished fluoroquinolone susceptibility. Disk diffusion testing with meningococci can be performed in a reproducible manner with several antimicrobial agents and represents a practical and cost-effective option for testing sporadic clinical isolates or for surveillance purposes by resource-limited laboratories. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jorgensen, JH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM jorgensen@uthscsa.edu FU DRS NIH HHS [RS1/CCR622402] NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1744 EP 1754 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.5.1744-1754.2006 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 041YJ UT WOS:000237493000019 PM 16672402 ER PT J AU Hull-Jackson, C Glass, MB Ari, MD Bragg, SL Branch, SL Whittington, CU Edwards, CN Levett, PN AF Hull-Jackson, C Glass, MB Ari, MD Bragg, SL Branch, SL Whittington, CU Edwards, CN Levett, PN TI Evaluation of a commercial latex agglutination assay for serological diagnosis of leptospirosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M ANTIBODIES; HUMAN-SERUM; BARBADOS; IGM; EPIDEMIC; TESTS; ELISA AB Leptospirosis is a febrile zoonosis of worldwide distribution. A latex agglutination assay was evaluated in two studies, the first using a panel of well-characterized sera from patients with leptospirosis and from patients with other disease states and the second, a prospective hospital-based study, evaluating sera from 186 consecutive patients admitted to hospital with acute febrile illness. The confirmed leptospirosis serum panel included paired acute- and convalescent-phase specimens from 40 cases, of which 34 gave positive latex tests (case sensitivity. 85%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 70 to 94%). The other diseases represented in the panel of 112 specimens from nonleptospirosis patients included autoimmune diseases, brucellosis, dengue, melioidosis, malaria, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, viral hepatitis, and a number of other viral infections. The specificity of latex agglutination using this panel was 81% (95% Cl, 73 to 87%). Among the patients with acute febrile illness, there were 25 cases of leptospirosis anti 161 patients with other diagnoses. The sensitivity and specificity of latex agglutination in this group were 88% (95% CI, 72 to 97%) anti 98% (95% CI, 95 to 100%), respectively. In this evaluation, the two distinct groups of specimens gave similar results for sensitivity, but specificity was different in each study. The sensitivity anti specificity observed for the hospital study were similar to those obtained in evaluations of other rapid tests in the same population. The results of this study suggest that multiple evaluations of new diagnostic assays should be performed, because performance characteristics may, vary in different populations. C1 Univ W Indies, Sch Clin Med & Res, Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Bridgetown, Barbados. Minist Hlth, Leptospira Lab, Bridgetown, Barbados. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Levett, PN (reprint author), Saskatchewan Hlth, Prov Lab, 3211 Albert St, Regina, SK S4S 5W6, Canada. EM plevett@health.gov.sk.ca NR 23 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1853 EP 1855 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.5.1853-1855.2006 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 041YJ UT WOS:000237493000038 PM 16672421 ER PT J AU Verma, P Brown, JM Nunez, VH Morey, RE Steigerwalt, AG Pellegrini, GJ Kessler, HA AF Verma, P Brown, JM Nunez, VH Morey, RE Steigerwalt, AG Pellegrini, GJ Kessler, HA TI Native valve endocarditis due to Gordonia polyisoprenivorans: Case report and review of literature of bloodstream infections caused by Gordonia species SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENT; BACTEREMIA; TERRAE; IDENTIFICATION; BRONCHIALIS; BIOFILMS; ABSCESS; GENUS AB We report the first case of endocarditis caused by Gordonia polyisoprenivorans and concisely review the English literature regarding bloodstream infections caused by Gordonia species. C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Med Coll, Div Clin Microbiol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Med Coll, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Med Coll, Dept Internal Med,Sect Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Verma, P (reprint author), Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Clin Labs, Mail Stop C6-LAB,1100 9th Ave,POB 900, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM punam.verma@vmmc.org NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1905 EP 1908 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.5.1905-1908.2006 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 041YJ UT WOS:000237493000054 PM 16672437 ER PT J AU Otto, C AF Otto, C TI Recreational water-illness-prevention equals healthy swimming SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, EHSB, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Otto, C (reprint author), CDC, EHSB, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cotto@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 68 IS 9 BP 54 EP 55 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037EX UT WOS:000237130600005 PM 16696453 ER PT J AU Chittick, P Sulka, A Tauxe, RV Fry, AM AF Chittick, P Sulka, A Tauxe, RV Fry, AM TI A summary of national reports of foodborne outbreaks of Salmonella Heidelberg infections in the United States: Clues for disease prevention SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID EGG CONSUMPTION; RISK-FACTOR; ENTERITIDIS; HENS; SLAUGHTER; ILLNESS; TYPHIMURIUM; PREVALENCE; CHICKENS; SEROVARS AB We analyzed national foodborne outbreak data from 1973 through 2001 to determine the proportion of Salmonella Heidelberg outbreaks caused by specific foods. Among 6,633 outbreaks with known etiology, 184 (3%) were caused by Salmonella Heidelberg. A vehicle was identified in 101 outbreaks; at least 53 were poultry or egg-related. Three outbreaks were attributed to egg consumption, 17 to consumption of egg-containing foods, 25 to poultry, and 8 to foods containing poultry and eggs. Efforts to reduce illness due to Salmonella Heidelberg should ensure that poultry and eggs are handled appropriately to minimize contamination and cross contamination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tauxe, RV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rtauxe@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1150 EP 1153 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 040HA UT WOS:000237368400026 PM 16715818 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, LMF Aguiar, RS Afonso, A Brindeiro, PA Arruda, MB Soares, MA Brindeiro, RM Tanuri, A AF Gonzalez, LMF Aguiar, RS Afonso, A Brindeiro, PA Arruda, MB Soares, MA Brindeiro, RM Tanuri, A TI Biological characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C protease carrying indinavir drug-resistance mutations SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; IN-VITRO; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; ZIDOVUDINE RESISTANCE; PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE; REPLICATIVE FITNESS; HIV-1 INFECTION; INHIBITORS AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C isolates belong to one of the most prevalent strains circulating worldwide and are responsible for the majority of new infections in the sub-Saharan region and other highly populated areas of the globe. In this work, the impact of drug-resistance mutations in the protease gene of subtype C viruses was analysed and compared with that of subtype B counterparts. A series of recombinant subtype C and B viruses was constructed carrying indinavir (IDV)-resistance mutations (M46V, 154V, V82A and L90M) and their susceptibility to six FDA-approved protease inhibitor compounds (amprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, sacluinavir and nelfinavir) was determined. A different impact of these mutations was found when nelfinavir and lopinavir were tested. The IDV drug-resistance mutations in the subtype C protease backbone were retained for a long period in culture without selective pressure when compared with those in subtype B counterparts in washout experiments. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Mol Virol Lab, Inst Biol, CCS, BR-21944970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Tanuri, A (reprint author), CDC, Global AIDS Program Lab Act, NCHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd MS A12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM atanuri@biologia.ufrj.br NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 87 BP 1303 EP 1309 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81517-0 PN 5 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 037OC UT WOS:000237155300028 PM 16603533 ER PT J AU Collins, J AF Collins, J TI Addressing racial and ethnic disparities: Lessons from the REACH 2010 communities - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Collins, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD MAY PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 SU S BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 048CG UT WOS:000237924600001 PM 16809870 ER PT J AU Hadgu, A AF Hadgu, A TI Issues in Chlamydia trachomatis testing by nucleic acid amplification test SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID TRENDS; IMPACT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hadgu, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM axh1@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 193 IS 9 BP 1335 EP 1336 DI 10.1086/503111 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 036EH UT WOS:000237053300023 PM 16586375 ER PT J AU Barrera, R Amador, M Clark, GG AF Barrera, Roberto Amador, Manuel Clark, Gary G. TI Ecological factors influencing Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae) productivity in artificial containers in Salinas, Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; ecology; food limitation; competition; dengue ID TREE-HOLE ECOSYSTEMS; KENYA COAST; LARVAL POPULATIONS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; BREEDING PLACES; PUPAL SURVEY; WING-LENGTH; LEAF-LITTER; TEMPERATURE; MOSQUITO AB We investigated the effects of environmental factors and immature density on the productivity of Aedes aegypti (L.) and explored the hypothesis that immature populations were under nutritional stress. In total, 1,367 containers with water in 624 premises were studied in Salinas, southern Puerto Rico (May-July 2004). We counted 3,632 pupae, and most female pupae (70%) were in five of 18 types of containers. These containers were unattended and influenced by local yards' environmental conditions. Pupal productivity was significantly associated with the number of trees per premise, water volume, and lower water temperatures. Larval and pupal abundance were larger in containers with leaf litter or algae. Pupal productivity and biomass of emerging females varied in containers with litter of different tree species. We found a significant and positive association between numbers of larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti. and a negative relationship between larval density and mass of emerging females. From multivariate analyses, we interpreted that 1) food limitation or competition existed in a number of containers; and 2) to a lesser extent, there was lack of negative larval density effects in containers with a larger water volume and lower temperature, where emerging females were not under nutritional stress. Corroborating evidence for food limitation or intraspecific competition effects came from our observations that females emerging in the field had an average body mass comparable with those females produced in the laboratory with the lowest feeding regime. Ae. aegypti larvae in Salinas are most likely influenced by resource limitation or competition and by rainfall in unmanaged containers in the absence of aquatic predators. Source reduction and improved yard management targeting unattended containers would eliminate most Ae. aegypti productivity and removal or control of shaded, larger containers would eliminate the production of the largest emerging mosquito females in the study area. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVBID, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Barrera, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVBID, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. NR 39 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 18 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 484 EP 492 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[484:EFIAAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 116FS UT WOS:000242788500007 PM 16739405 ER PT J AU Hines, CJ Deddens, JA Lu, CS Fenske, R Striley, CAF AF Hines, CJ Deddens, JA Lu, CS Fenske, R Striley, CAF TI Mixed-effect models for evaluating multiple measures of atrazine exposure among custom applicators SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; biological monitoring; irnrnunoassay; mixed-effect models; saliva; urine ID HUMAN URINE; DETERMINANTS; VARIABILITY; METABOLITES AB The exposure of custom (or commercial) applicators to the herbicide atrazine was measured in environmental (hand wash and dermal patch) and biological (urine and saliva) samples. Surrogate exposure data. such as amount of atrazine sprayed, were also collected. A systematic sampling design was used that included both spray and nonspray days. Fifteen applicators were sampled 5 to 7 days each during a 6-week spring spray season for a total of 89 sampled days. Mixed-effect regression modeling was used to examine the relationship among the surrogate, environmental, and biological atrazine exposure measures. Surrogate measures of atrazine application (either kg of atrazine sprayed or spray atrazine [yes/no]) were significantly associated with increased levels of atrazine atrazine equivalents (eq) in hand wash, thigh patch, 4-6 p.m. saliva, and 24-hour urine samples. Two days of spraying information (day of sampling and day before sampling) were needed to optimally estimate atrazine biomarkers in the biological samples, whereas only 1 day of spraying information (day of sampling) was needed to estimate atrazine levels in the environmental samples. Thigh and hand atrazine exposures were. significantly associated with increased atrazine and atrazine eq. levels in the 4-6 p.m. saliva and 24-hour urine samples, respectively. Levels of 4-6 p.m. salivary atrazine were also significantly associated with increased levels of 24-hour urinary atrazine eq. Atrazine levels in the 4-6 p.m. saliva samples tracked most closely with evening and next morning urinary atrazine eq. Number of days into the study at the time os sample collection predicted urinary and salivary atrazine levels independent of other fixed effects. These results indicate that either surrogate, environmental, or biological exposure measures can be used in appropriately specified models to estimate urinary and salivary atrazine biomarker levels. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hines, CJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM chines@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 3 IS 5 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1080/15459620600637366 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037SI UT WOS:000237166900006 PM 16595379 ER PT J AU Olney, RS Moore, CA Ojodu, JA Lindegren, ML Hannon, WH AF Olney, Richard S. Moore, Cynthia A. Ojodu, Jelili A. Lindegren, Mary Lou Hannon, W. Harry TI Storage and use of residual dried blood spots from state newborn screening programs SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID GUTHRIE CARDS; UNITED-STATES; SAMPLES; PREVALENCE; CONSENT; DISEASE; COHORT AB Objectives To provide current data for policy discussions and to assess future needs among newborn screening programs regarding the storage and use of residual dried blood spots (DBS) in the United States. Study design An electronic questionnaire was administered to U.S. state health department laboratory directors in 2003. Results Responses were received from 49 of the 50 states. Approximately half of them stored residual DBS for more than 6 months, 57% did not have a written policy that determines how residual DBS can or cannot be used, and 16% informed parents that DBS might be retained. Residual DBS were used by 74% of respondents for evaluation of newborn screening tests, by 52% for clinical or forensic testing, and by 28% for epidemiologic studies. Use of DBS was reported more frequently by states with extended storage. When asked if they might participate in air anonymous multistate epidemiologic study by contributing unlinked DBS, 41% responded affirmatively. Conclusions More states have used residual DBS for evaluating newborn screening tests than for epidemiologic studies. There is potential interest among states in using unlinked DBS for multistate studies and a need for written policies addressing all uses of residual DBS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Olney, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rolney@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 148 IS 5 BP 618 EP 622 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.12.053 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 047NH UT WOS:000237885500021 PM 16737872 ER PT J AU Beitsch, LM Thielen, L Mays, G Brewer, RA Kimbrell, J Chang, C Gillen, S Corso, L Landrum, LB AF Beitsch, LM Thielen, L Mays, G Brewer, RA Kimbrell, J Chang, C Gillen, S Corso, L Landrum, LB TI The Multistate Learning Collaborative, states as laboratories: Informing the National Public Health Accreditation dialogue SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE accreditation; assessment; certification; essential services; performance management; quality improvement; standards ID PERFORMANCE STANDARDS; ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT; VALIDITY; SYSTEM C1 Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Med & Publ Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Fay W Boozman Coll Publ Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Natl Network Publ Hlth Inst, New Orleans, LA USA. Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Natl Network Publ Hlth Inst, New Orleans, LA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Illinois Publ Hlth Inst, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Beitsch, LM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Med & Publ Hlth, 1115 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM les.beitsch@med.fsu.edu NR 32 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 217 EP 231 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 036UF UT WOS:000237100500002 PM 16614557 ER PT J AU Manangan, LP Moore, M Macaraig, M MacNeil, J Shevick, G Northrup, J Pratt, R Adams, LV Boutotte, J Sharnprapai, S Qualls, N AF Manangan, LP Moore, M Macaraig, M MacNeil, J Shevick, G Northrup, J Pratt, R Adams, LV Boutotte, J Sharnprapai, S Qualls, N TI Health department costs of managing persons with suspected and noncounted tuberculosis in New York City, three Texas counties, and Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE health department costs; noncounted TB cases; suspected TB cases; tuberculosis ID UNITED-STATES AB Objectives: To describe persons with suspected (did not meet the national tuberculosis [TB] surveillance case definition) and noncounted TB (met the TB case definition but transferred and were counted by another jurisdiction) and estimate costs incurred by public health departments for managing them, Methods: We reviewed TB registry, medical records, budgets, bills, salaries, organizational charts, and travel/activity logs from the year 2000 at health departments in New York City (NYC), three Texas (TX) counties (El Paso, Hidalgo, and Webb), and Massachusetts (MA). We also interviewed or observed personnel to estimate the time spent on activities for these patients. Results: In 2000, NYC and MA had more persons with suspected (n = 2.996) and noncounted (n = 163) TB than with counted (n = 1,595) TB. TX counties had more persons with counted TB (n 179) than with suspected (n = 55) and noncounted (n 15) TB. Demographic and clinical characteristics varied widely. For persons with suspected TB, NYC spent an estimated $1.7 million, with an average cost of $636 for each person; TX counties spent $60,928 ($1,108 per patient); and MA spent $1.1 million ($3,330 per patient). For persons with noncounted TB, NYC spent $303,148 ($2,180 per patient), TX counties spent $40,002 ($2,667 per patient), and MA spent $84,603 ($3,525 per patient). Conclusions: Health departments incurred substantial costs in managing persons with suspected and noncounted TB. These costs should be considered when allocating TB program resources. C1 CDC, Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Tuberculosis, New York, NY USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Div Tuberculosis Control & Prevent, Patient Management Serv, Boston, MA 02108 USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Control Unit, Austin, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Manangan, LP (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Mail Stop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LManangan@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 248 EP 253 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 036UF UT WOS:000237100500005 PM 16614560 ER PT J AU Hoehner, CM Ivy, A Ramirez, LB Meriwether, B Brownson, RC AF Hoehner, CM Ivy, A Ramirez, LB Meriwether, B Brownson, RC TI How reliably do community members audit the neighborhood environment for its support of physical activity? Implications for participatory research SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; GROCERY STORE; INTERVENTIONS; CONSUMPTION; CHALLENGES; AGREEMENT; ADULTS; POLICY AB Environmental audits are used to assess supports for physical activity in the community. Understanding the suitability of such instruments for use by community members is crucial for advocacy and participatory research. This study examined the reliability of an audit instrument filled out by trained researchers and untrained community members. Two researchers and five community members conducted environmental audits on a total of 335 street segments in lower-income areas in St Louis, Missouri (representing a "low-walkable city"), and Savannah, Georgia (representing a "high-walkable" city). The audit tool consisted of six major sections-land use environment, recreational facilities, transportation environment, aesthetics, signage, and social environment. Interrater agreement between researchers and community members was assessed using percent observed agreement and the K statistic. According to observed agreement, the majority of audit items (67 of 76) had substantial to almost perfect agreement (>= 0.60) between researchers and community members. However, much lower agreement was observed using the K statistic (only 8 of 76 items with kappa S >= 0.60). With some formal training, this audit tool may be useful for advocacy and participatory research to assess the activity friendliness of neighborhood environments. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. LLC, St Louis, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Sci Review Adm Program Anal, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hoehner, CM (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, 3545 Lafayette Ave, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM hoehnerc@slu.edu RI Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012 OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219 FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U48/DP000060-01] NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 270 EP 277 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 036UF UT WOS:000237100500008 PM 16614563 ER PT J AU Keppel, KG Pearcy, JN AF Keppel, KG Pearcy, JN TI Response to Scanlan concerning: Measuring relative disparities in terms of adverse events SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Keppel, KG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 6314,3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kgk1@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 297 EP 297 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 036UF UT WOS:000237100500012 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Leichliter, JS Zimet, GD Rosenthal, SL Bernstein, DI Fife, KH AF Chesson, Harrell W. Leichliter, Jami S. Zimet, Gregory D. Rosenthal, Susan L. Bernstein, David I. Fife, Kenneth H. TI Discount rates and risky sexual behaviors among teenagers and young adults SO JOURNAL OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY LA English DT Article DE discounting; health; sexually transmitted diseases; risky sex; young people ID MEDICAL DECISION-MAKING; TIME PREFERENCE; DELAYED REWARDS; INTRAPERSONAL DILEMMAS; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; AMERICAN YOUTH; LIFE-SPAN; HEALTH; AGE; ADOLESCENTS AB This article examines the relationship between personal discount rates and sexual behaviors in a sample of teenagers and young adults. We find that higher discount rates (an indication of less willingness to forego current consumption for future consumption) are significantly associated with a range of sexual behaviors, including ever having sex, having sex before age 16 years, and past or current pregnancy. These associations are consistent with previous studies showing a link between discounting and other, non-sexual health behaviors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM hbc7@cdc.gov OI Zimet, Gregory/0000-0003-3835-937X NR 49 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0895-5646 J9 J RISK UNCERTAINTY JI J. Risk Uncertain. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 32 IS 3 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s11166-006-9520-1 PG 14 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA 085AZ UT WOS:000240576800003 ER PT J AU Mayer-Davis, EJ Nichols, M Liese, AD Bell, RA Dabelea, DM Johansen, JM Pihoker, C Rodriguez, BL Thomas, J Williams, D AF Mayer-Davis, EJ Nichols, M Liese, AD Bell, RA Dabelea, DM Johansen, JM Pihoker, C Rodriguez, BL Thomas, J Williams, D CA Search Diabet Youth Study Grp TI Dietary intake among youth with diabetes: The SEARCH for diabetes in youth study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; NUTRITION PRINCIPLES; DAIRY CONSUMPTION; BODY-COMPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; ENERGY-INTAKE; ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION; CHILDREN AB Objective To describe dietary intake among a large cohort of youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and to compare their intake with current nutrition recommendations. Design SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth is a multicenter study of diabetes in youth. Diet was assessed among youth aged 10 to 22 years who attended a SEARCH research clinic visit and completed a previous-week food frequency questionnaire that included foods to reflect the ethnic and regional diversity represented by the cohort. Subjects/setting Included were 1,697 youth with physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus (89% type 1 diabetes, 11% type 2 diabetes), with diabetes mellitus duration of at least 12 months. Statistical analyses Descriptive data and comparisons with nutrition recommendations were unadjusted. Analyses of covariance with adjustment for total energy, clinic site, sex, race/ethnicity, age, and parental education were used to compare intake according to diabetes type. Results Percent of energy from total fat was consistent at 37% to 38% across subgroups of age (10 to 14 years, > 15 years) and diabetes type (ie, type I or type 2). Youth with type 2 diabetes consumed less calcium, magnesium, and vitamin E than youth with type I diabetes (P < 0.01 for each). Intake of sweetened carbonated beverages among older (aged > 15 years) youth with type 2 diabetes was twice that of older youth with type 1 diabetes (P < 0.01). Only 6.5% of the cohort met American Diabetes Association recommendations of < 10% of energy from saturated fat. Less than 50% met recommendations for total fat, vitamin E, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and grains, although a majority met recommendations for vitamin C, calcium, and iron. Conclusions Overall, dietary intake in this large cohort of youth with diabetes substantially failed to meet current recommendations. There is a critical need for improvement in dietary intake in youth with diabetes. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med Publ Hlth Sci, Coordinating Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Univ S Carolina, Ctr Res Nutr & Hlth Disparities, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Washington Peidat, Clindrens Hosp, Endocrinol Clin, Seattle, WA USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bell, RA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med Publ Hlth Sci, Coordinating Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM rbell@wfubmc.edu FU PHS HHS [00097] NR 40 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 106 IS 5 BP 689 EP 697 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.02.002 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 039TF UT WOS:000237329300015 PM 16647326 ER PT J AU Khan, AN Griffith, SP Moore, C Russell, D Rosario, AC Bertolli, J AF Khan, AN Griffith, SP Moore, C Russell, D Rosario, AC Bertolli, J TI Standardizing laboratory data by mapping to LOINC SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CODES AB The authors describe a pilot project to standardize local laboratory data at five Indian Health Service (IHS) medical facilities by mapping laboratory test names to Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC). An automated mapping tool was developed to assign LOINC codes. At these sites, they were able to map from 63% to 76% of the local active laboratory tests to LOINC using the mapping tool. Eleven percent to 27% of the tests were mapped manually. They could not assign LOINC codes to 6% to 19% of the laboratory tests due to incomplete or incorrect information about these tests. The results achieved approximate other similar efforts. Mapping of laboratory test names to LOINC codes will allow IHS to aggregate laboratory data more easily for disease surveillance and clinical and administrative reporting efforts. This project may provide a model for standardization efforts in other health systems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. Cimarron Med Informat, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Khan, AN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS 08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM akk3@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 3 BP 353 EP 355 DI 10.1197/jamia.N1935 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 052WI UT WOS:000238264200013 PM 16501183 ER PT J AU Lederman, ER Sutanto, I Ratulangie, L Krisin Rudiansyah, I Fatmi, A Kurniawan, L Nelwan, RHH Maguire, JD AF Lederman, ER Sutanto, I Ratulangie, L Krisin Rudiansyah, I Fatmi, A Kurniawan, L Nelwan, RHH Maguire, JD TI Imported malaria in Jakarta, Jndonesia: Passive surveillance of returned travelers and military members postdeployment SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference of the International-Society-of-Travel-Medicine CY MAY 01-04, 2005 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Travel Med ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX MALARIA; CLINICAL-FEATURES; DIAGNOSIS; INDONESIA; OUTBREAK; TRENDS; RISK AB Background. Autochthonous malaria does not currently occur in Jakarta, the most populous city in Indonesia. Military, forestry, mining, and tourist activities draw Jakarta residents to distant parts of the archipelago with high rates of malaria. Although malaria is a reportable disease in Jakarta, little has been published. Methods. We collected demographic and travel information from patients in Jakarta with microscopically confirmed malaria from January 2004 to February 2005, using a standardized data collection form. These results were compared to regional rainfall statistics and transit patterns of Jakarta residents to and from rural areas. Results. Data from 240 patients were collected. Aceh Province was the travel destination most commonly recorded for military members, while Papua and Bangka Island were the most frequently cited by civilians. Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 53% of cases, of which 15% had detectable gametocytemia. The most common admission diagnoses were malaria (39%), febrile illness not otherwise specified (23%), viral hepatitis (19%), and dengue (11%). The median time from admission to microscopic diagnosis was 2 days for civilian patients and 2.5 days for military patients. The highest number of cases occurred in May, July, and December with the nadir in October. Conclusions. The diagnosis of malaria maybe overlooked and therefore delayed, in nonendemic areas such as Jakarta. Travel destinations associated with contracting malaria vary significantly for civilian and military populations. The factors affecting the peak months of importation likely include rainfall, holiday transit, military flight availability, and referral center locations. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Parasit Dis Program, Jakarta, Indonesia. Univ Indonesia, Dept Parasitol, Fac Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. Gatot Soebroto Army Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. Jakarta Prov Hlth Off, Jakarta, Indonesia. Natl Inst Hlth & Res Dev, Minist Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia. Univ Indonesia, Div Trop Med & Infect Dis, Fac Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Lederman, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM erlederman@yahoo.com NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 3 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2006.00034.x PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 046AM UT WOS:000237783800005 PM 16706946 ER PT J AU Inagami, S Borrell, LN Wong, MD Fang, J Shapiro, MF Asch, SM AF Inagami, S Borrell, LN Wong, MD Fang, J Shapiro, MF Asch, SM TI Residential segregation and Latino, black and white mortality in New York City SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Hispanic; Latino; morality; New York City; race; segregation ID DISPARITIES GEOCODING PROJECT; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC DENSITY; SOCIOECONOMIC-FACTORS; INFANT-MORTALITY; HEALTH RESEARCH; SMALL-AREA; LONDON; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Although racial segregation is associated with health status, few studies have examined this relationship among Latinos. We examined the effect of race/ethnic group concentration of Latinos, blacks and whites on all-cause mortality rates within a highly segregated metropolitan area, New York City (NYC). We linked NYC mortality records from 1999 and 2000 with the 2000 U.S. Census data by zip code area. Age-adjusted mortality rates by race/ethnic concentration were calculated. Linear regression was used to determine the association between population characteristics and mortality. Blacks living in predominantly black areas had lower all-cause mortality rates than blacks living in other areas regardless of gender (16161100,000 vs. 20141100,000 for men; 10321100,000 vs. 13621100 000 for women). Amongst whites, those living in predominantly white areas had the lowest mortality rates. Latinos living in predominantly Latino areas had lower mortality rates than those in predominantly black areas (1187/100,000 vs. 1950/100,000 for men; 760/100,000 vs. 7791100,000 for women). After adjustment for socioeconomic conditions, whites, older blacks, and young Latino men experienced decreasing mortality rates when living in areas with increasing similar race/ethnic concentrations. Increasing residential concentration of blacks is independently associated with lower mortality in older blacks; similarly, increasing residential concentration of Latinos and whites is associated with lower mortality in young Latino men and whites, respectively. C1 VA Greater Los Angeles Hlth Care Syst, Div Gen Internal Med 111G, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RAND Hlth, Div Gen Internal Med 111G, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. RP Inagami, S (reprint author), VA Greater Los Angeles Hlth Care Syst, Div Gen Internal Med 111G, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. EM sinagami@ucla.edu OI Wong, Mitchell/0000-0002-4800-8410 FU NCI NIH HHS [F32 CA090073] NR 54 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 406 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s11524-006-9035-8 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 054CY UT WOS:000238355600008 PM 16739044 ER PT J AU Abdul-Quader, AS Heckathorn, DD McKnight, C Bramson, H Nemeth, C Sabin, K Gallagher, K Des Jarlais, DC AF Abdul-Quader, AS Heckathorn, DD McKnight, C Bramson, H Nemeth, C Sabin, K Gallagher, K Des Jarlais, DC TI Effectiveness of respondent-driven sampling for recruiting drug users in New York city: Findings from a pilot study SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus; recruitment of drug users; respondent-driven sampling; sampling bidden populations ID HIDDEN POPULATIONS; INJECTION-DRUG; INFECTION; NETWORKS; COCAINE; HEROIN; CRACK AB A number of sampling methods are available to recruit drug users and collect HIV risk behavior data. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a modified form of chain-referral sampling with a mathematical system for weighting the sample to compensate for its not having been drawn randomly. It is predicated on the recognition that peers are better able than outreach workers and researchers to locate and recruit other members of a "hidden" population. RDS provides a means of evaluating the reliability of the data obtained and also allows inferences about the characteristics of the population from which the sample is drawn. In this paper we present findings from a pilot study conducted to assess the effectiveness of RDS to recruit a large and diversified group of drug users in New York City. Beginning with eight seeds (i.e., initial recruits) we recruited 618 drug users (injecting and non-injecting) in 13 weeks. The data document both cross-gender and cross-race and -ethnic recruitment as well as recruitment across drug-use status. Sample characteristics are similar to the characteristics of the drug users recruited in other studies conducted in New York City. The findings indicate that RDS is an effective sampling method for recruiting diversified drug users to participate in HIV-related behavioral surveys. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Sociol, New York, NY USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Abdul-Quader, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afa3@cdc.gov OI Sabin, Keith/0000-0002-2290-8621 NR 21 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 459 EP 476 DI 10.1007/s11524-006-9052-7 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 054CY UT WOS:000238355600012 PM 16739048 ER PT J AU Crawford, PC Katz, JM Pompey, J Anderson, TC Donis, RO AF Crawford, PC Katz, JM Pompey, J Anderson, TC Donis, RO TI Crossreactivity of canine and equine influenza antibodies. SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 7175 W JEFFERSON AVE, STE 2125, LAKEWOOD, CO 80235 USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 711 EP 711 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 043NL UT WOS:000237607800044 ER PT J AU Myles, KM Kelly, CLH Ledermann, JP Powers, AM AF Myles, KM Kelly, CLH Ledermann, JP Powers, AM TI Effects of an opal termination codon preceding the nsP4 gene sequence in the O'Nyong-Nyong virus genome on Anopheles gambiae infectivity SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMLIKI-FOREST-VIRUS; TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTANTS; STRAND RNA-SYNTHESIS; SINDBIS VIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINASE; MINUS-STRAND; REPLICATION; ALPHAVIRUS; MOSQUITO; FEVER AB The genomic RNA of an alphavirus encodes four different nonstructural proteins, nsP1, nsP2, nsP3, and nsP4. The polyprotein P123 is produced when translation terminates at an opal termination codon between nsP3 and nsP4. The polyprotein P1234 is produced when translational readthrough occurs or when the opal termination codon has been replaced by a sense codon in the alphavirus genome. Evolutionary pressures appear to have maintained genomic sequences encoding both a stop codon (opal) and an open reading frame (arginine) as a general feature of the O'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) genome, indicating that both are required at some point. Alternate replication of ONNVs in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts may determine predominance of a particular codon at this locus in the viral quasispecies. However, no systematic study has previously tested this hypothesis in whole animals. We report here the results of the first study to investigate in a natural mosquito host the functional significance of the opal stop codon in an alphavirus genome. We used a full-length cDNA clone of ONNV to construct a series of mutants in which the arginine between nsP3 and nsP4 was replaced with an opal, ochre, or amber stop codon. The presence of an opal stop codon upstream of nsP4 nearly doubled (75.5%) the infectivity of ONNV over that of virus possessing a codon for the amino acid arginine at the corresponding position (39.8%). Although the frequency with which the opal virus disseminated from the mosquito midgut did not differ significantly from that of the arginine virus on days 8 and 10, dissemination did began earlier in mosquitoes infected with the opal virus. Although a clear fitness advantage is provided to ONNV by the presence of an opal codon between nsP3 and nsP4 in Anopheles gambiae, sequence analysis of ONNV RNA extracted from mosquito bodies and heads indicated codon usage at this position corresponded with that of the virus administered in the blood meal. These results suggest that while selection of ONNV variants is occurring, de novo, mutation at the position between nsP3 and nsP4 does not readily occur in the mosquito. Taken together, these results suggest that the primary fitness advantage provided to ONNV by the presence of an opal codon between nsP3 and nsP4 is related to mosquito infectivity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Myles, KM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Price Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kmmyles@vt.edu NR 36 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 80 IS 10 BP 4992 EP 4997 DI 10.1128/JVI.80.10.4992-4997.2006 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 041LK UT WOS:000237457500034 PM 16641290 ER PT J AU Eheman, CR Peipins, L Wynn, M Ryerson, B Stewart, SL Coughlin, SS Hawkins, NA Saraiya, M AF Eheman, CR Peipins, L Wynn, M Ryerson, B Stewart, SL Coughlin, SS Hawkins, NA Saraiya, M TI Development of a public health research program for ovarian cancer SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL SURVEY; WOMEN; CARCINOMA; DIAGNOSIS; RISK; CARE; MANAGEMENT; SYMPTOMS; STAGE; SPECIALTY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eheman, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Mail Stop K-55,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ceheman@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.339 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 052BO UT WOS:000238205800001 PM 16724881 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, EA Khavjou, O Will, JC AF Finkelstein, EA Khavjou, O Will, JC TI Cost-effectiveness of WISEWOMAN, a program aimed at reducing heart disease risk among low-income women SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; PROJECT; PROFESSIONALS; HYPERTENSION; PREDICTION; REDUCTION; AWARENESS AB Objective: To quantify the cost-effectiveness of the WISEWOMAN program. WISEWOMAN is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-funded lifestyle intervention program that provides low-income uninsured women aged 40 - 64 with chronic disease risk factor screenings, lifestyle interventions, and referral services in an effort to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) and improve health. Methods: We used data for 3015 WISEWOMAN participants who completed baseline and 1-year follow-up screenings. We quantified the average per capita cost of providing WISEWOMAN over the last 6 months of the reporting period. We assessed 1-year reductions in select CHD risk factors. We calculated the cost-effectiveness ratio by dividing the average per capita cost by average predicted life-years gained. Results: The cost of providing WISEWOMAN services to each additional participant averaged $270 per participant. Participants significantly improved their systolic (1.3%) and diastolic (1.7%) blood pressure, total (2%) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.7%) cholesterol, and 10-year risk of CHD (8.7%). There were also significant reductions in percent of women who smoked (11.7%) or had high blood pressure (15.8%) or high cholesterol (13.1%). The best-case cost-effectiveness ratio was $470 per percentage point reduction in CHD risk, or $4400 per discounted life-year gained; however, sensitivity analysis revealed substantial uncertainty around this estimate. Conclusions: Although more research is needed to confirm the assumptions used in the model, results of our analysis suggest that the WISEWOMAN program is a cost-effective approach for reducing CVD risk among low-income, uninsured women aged 40 - 64, especially if improvements in risk factors are sustainable when program participation concludes. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Finkelstein, EA (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM finkelse@rti.org FU PHS HHS [200-97-0621] NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.379 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 052BO UT WOS:000238205800005 PM 16724886 ER PT J AU Tsui, J Saraiya, M Thompson, T Dey, A AF Tsui, J Saraiya, M Thompson, T Dey, A TI Cervical cancer screening rates among foreign-born women by region of origin SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 465 EP 465 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 052BO UT WOS:000238205800052 ER PT J AU Khavjou, O Loo, RK Will, JC Finkelstein, EA AF Khavjou, O Loo, RK Will, JC Finkelstein, EA TI You never told me I was at-risk: Discrepancies in the self-reported history of heart disease risk factors among WISEWOMAN participants. SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WISEWOMAN Program, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 467 EP 467 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 052BO UT WOS:000238205800057 ER PT J AU Rigau-Perez, JG AF Rigau-Perez, JG TI Severe dengue: the need for new case definitions SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ECONOMIC-IMPACT; PUERTO-RICO; EPIDEMIC; WORLD; INFECTION; CHILDREN; CLASSIFICATION; PATHOGENESIS; NICARAGUA AB Dengue fever imposes a societal burden that is difficult to measure because of the disease's non-specific symptoms and the lack of easily applied case definitions for its more severe manifestations. An efficacy trial of a tetravalent vaccine is expected in the near future, but only one of the severe dengue syndromes-the continuum of dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome is well defined. One of the results of the focus on dengue haemorrhagic fever is the false perception of low disease burden in the Americas, which is an obstacle to the mobilisation of political and economic resources to fight the disease. Three improvements are necessary to standardise the dengue haemorrhagic fever definition and to allow it to do well in different populations: (1) redefine the threshold for thrombocytopenia, (2) clarify the standard practice and value of the tourniquet test, and (3) incorporate a criterion to measure intravenous fluid replacement. In addition, for an accurate estimation of dengue burden, locally appropriate definitions of severe dengue must be devised and standardised so they will be considered valid in the global research community. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Rigau-Perez, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM jgrigau@prdigital.com NR 53 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 6 IS 5 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70465-0 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 034YH UT WOS:000236966300022 PM 16631550 ER PT J AU Branum, AM AF Branum, AM TI Teen maternal age and very preterm birth of twins SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adolescent pregnancy; twin pregnancy; preterm birth; vital statistics ID UNITED-STATES; RISK; ASSOCIATION; TEENAGERS; MORTALITY; DELIVERY; OUTCOMES; WEIGHT; GROWTH AB Background: As teen singleton pregnancy is associated with higher risks of adverse birth outcome, and twin pregnancy, regardless of maternal age, may result in poor outcome, teens pregnant with twins may represent a particularly vulnerable group. However, little has been documented regarding teen twin pregnancy outcome. Objective: To characterize the risk of very preterm birth among teens having twins. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of the US 1995-2000 Matched Multiple Birth Data Set. Methods: We calculated the risk of very preterm birth (< 33 weeks' gestation) for teen and young adult mothers of twins (< 16 years, 1718 years, 19-20 years), compared to 21-24 year olds, stratified by race/ethnicity. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated controlling for marital status and entry into prenatal care. Results: Odds of very preterm birth decreased significantly with increasing age. Odds ratios ranged from 2.07 (1.73,2.48) to 1.20 (1.11,1.29) according to maternal age for White teen mothers, from 1.76 (1.48,2.09) to 1.13 (1.03,1.24) for Black teen mothers, and from 2.19 (1.77,2.72) to 1.15 (1.02,1.31) for Hispanic teen mothers. Odds of very preterm birth among teen mothers of twins were about the same as those for teen mothers of singletons. Conclusions: Teens having twins have higher odds of very preterm birth than young adult mothers. However, the association between age and preterm birth was similar among teen mothers having twins as for those having singletons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Infant Child & Womens Hlth Stat Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Branum, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Infant Child & Womens Hlth Stat Branch, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6113, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM ambranum@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1007/s10995-005-0035-1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 059FV UT WOS:000238719600002 PM 16228693 ER PT J AU Lansky, A Barfield, WD Marchi, KS Egerter, SA Galbraith, AA Braveman, PA AF Lansky, A Barfield, WD Marchi, KS Egerter, SA Galbraith, AA Braveman, PA TI Early postnatal care among healthy newborns in 19 states: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2000 SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE newborn; length of stay; legislation; postnatal care ID EARLY POSTPARTUM DISCHARGE; FOLLOW-UP VISITS; STAY; LEGISLATION; OUTCOMES AB Objective: To examine early postnatal care among healthy newborns during 2000 in 19 states. Methods: Using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a multistate population-based postpartum survey of women, we calculated prevalences of early discharge (ED; stays of <= 2 days after vaginal delivery and <= 4 days after Cesarean delivery) and early follow-up (within 1 week) after ED. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) describing how ED and lack of early followup were associated with state legislation and maternal characteristics. Results: While most healthy term newborns (83.5-93.4%) were discharged early, and most early-discharged newborns (51.5-88.5%) received recommended early follow-up, substantial proportions of early-discharged newborns did not. Compared with newborns in states where legislation covered both length of hospital stay (LOS) and follow-up, newborns in states without such legislation were more likely to have ED (aOR: 1.25; CI: 1.01-1.56). Lack of early follow-up was more likely among newborns in states with neither LOS nor follow-up legislation (aOR: 2.70, Cl: 2.32-3.14), and only LOS legislation (aOR: 1.38, CI: 1.22-1.56) compared with those in states with legislation for both. ED was more likely among newborns born to multiparous women and those delivered by Cesarean section and less likely among those born to black and Hispanic mothers and mothers with less education. Conclusions: Lack of early follow-up among ED newborns remains a problem, particularly in states without relevant legislation. These findings indicate the need for continued monitoring and for programmatic and policy strategies to improve receipt of recommended care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Family & Community Med, Ctr Social Dispart Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s10995-005-0050-2 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 059FV UT WOS:000238719600006 PM 16382330 ER PT J AU Grimley, DM Annang, L Foushee, HR Bruce, FC Kendrick, JS AF Grimley, DM Annang, L Foushee, HR Bruce, FC Kendrick, JS TI Vaginal douches and other feminine hygiene products: Women's practices and perceptions of product safety SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE douching; feminine hygiene; feminine products; women's reproductive health ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; HIV-INFECTION; RISK; BIRTH AB Objective: Use of vaginal douche products has been linked with a variety of reproductive health problems; nonetheless, the practice of douching persists. The goals of this study were to 1) determine the use of vaginal douches and other feminine hygiene products, 2) ascertain how safe women think vaginal douche products are, and 3) evaluate women's readiness to stop douching. Methods: A random-digit-dial computer-assisted telephone survey was conducted among US women between the ages of 18 and 44. Results: Of the 2,602 women interviewed, 11.8% (n = 307) engaged in regular douching (White: 9.1%; African American: 27.7%; Hispanic: 15.0%). Women who douched, compared to women who did not douche, used other feminine hygiene products significantly more often (vaginal sprays [p <.0001], wipes/towelettes [p < 0.01], vaginal powder [p < 0.0001] and bubble bath for feminine cleansing [p < 0.001]). Women who douched also were more likely than nondouchers to agree with the statement, "Douche products are safe to use; otherwise they wouldn't be on the market" (70.3% vs. 33.4%, respectivcly; p < 0.0001). Nearly all women (90.0%) who douched had no intention to discontinue the practice. Conclusion: Compared with women who do not douche, women who douche use other feminine hygiene products at a much higher rate and also believe that douche products are safe. Women who douche will remain resistant to Stopping the practice without innovative interventions. Given that most women start douching in adolescence, teens should be targeted for prevention efforts. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Grimley, DM (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav, 227 Ryals Bldg,1665 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM dgrimley@uab.edu NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1007/s10995-005-0054-y PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 059FV UT WOS:000238719600009 PM 16555141 ER PT J AU Brown, DR Galuska, DA Zhang, J Fulton, JE AF Brown, David R. Galuska, Deborah A. Zhang, Jian Fulton, Janet E. TI Physical Activity/Sports Participation and Academic Performance/Cognitive Functioning: US Youth 8-18 Years SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brown, David R.; Galuska, Deborah A.; Zhang, Jian; Fulton, Janet E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM DBrown@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0195-9131 EI 1530-0315 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S29 EP S29 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-00137 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070800123 ER PT J AU Carlson, SA Kruger, J Kohl, HW Buchner, DM AF Carlson, Susan A. Kruger, Judy Kohl, Harold W. Buchner, David M. TI Cross-Sectional Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Falls in Older Adults, United States 2003 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carlson, Susan A.; Kruger, Judy; Kohl, Harold W.; Buchner, David M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM scarlson1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S170 EP S170 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-00773 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070801126 ER PT J AU Cheng, YLJ Gregg, EW Narayan, KMV Williams, DE Imai, K Sapkota, S Caspersen, CJ AF Cheng, Yiling J. Gregg, Edward W. Narayan, K. M. Venkat Williams, Desmond E. Imai, Kumiko Sapkota, Sanjeeb Caspersen, Carl J. TI Secular Trend in Sedentary Lifestyle Among US Adults With and Without Diabetes: 1997-2004 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cheng, Yiling J.] CDC IT Contract, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gregg, Edward W.; Narayan, K. M. Venkat; Williams, Desmond E.; Imai, Kumiko; Sapkota, Sanjeeb; Caspersen, Carl J.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ycc1@cdc.gov RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009; Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S94 EP S94 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-00442 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070800371 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Carlson, SA Kohl, HW Dietz, WH AF Fulton, Janet E. Carlson, Susan A. Kohl, Harold W., III Dietz, William H. TI A Longitudinal Analysis of Physical Education and Academic Achievement: Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, 1998-2002 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fulton, Janet E.; Carlson, Susan A.; Kohl, Harold W., III; Dietz, William H.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM JFulton@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S28 EP S28 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-00135 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070800121 ER PT J AU Ham, SA Reis, JP Strath, SJ DuBose, KD Ainsworth, BE AF Ham, Sandra A. Reis, Jared P. Strath, Scott J. DuBose, Katrina D. Ainsworth, Barbara E. TI Discrepancies in Identifying Objectively Determined Physical Activity Bouts SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ham, Sandra A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Reis, Jared P.; Ainsworth, Barbara E.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Strath, Scott J.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [DuBose, Katrina D.] E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA. EM sham@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S102 EP S102 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-00478 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070800403 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM AF Hootman, Jennifer M. TI Physical Activity, Sleep Impairment and Chronic Disease SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hootman, Jennifer M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jhootman@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S425 EP S426 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070803188 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Yore, M Kohl, HW AF Kruger, Judy Yore, Michelle Kohl, Harold W., III TI Worksite Health Promotion Programs: Barriers and Incentives SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kruger, Judy; Yore, Michelle; Kohl, Harold W., III] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jkruger@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S540 EP S541 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070803647 ER PT J AU Reis, JP Ainsworth, BE Macera, CA Jones, DA AF Reis, Jared P. Ainsworth, Barbara E. Macera, Caroline A. Jones, Deborah A. TI A Comparison of Two Surveillance Measures of Total Walking Among US Adults SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reis, Jared P.; Ainsworth, Barbara E.; Macera, Caroline A.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Jones, Deborah A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM reis@nhrc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S562 EP S563 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070803734 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, IC Viensci, G Maistrovicz, T Pratt, M AF Ribeiro, Isabela C. Viensci, Gisele Maistrovicz, Thais Pratt, Michael TI Health Promotion and Nutritional Education for Children and Adolescents Enrolled in Two Public Schools in Southern Brazil SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ribeiro, Isabela C.] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Viensci, Gisele; Maistrovicz, Thais] PUCPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. [Pratt, Michael] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM iribeironut@yahoo.com.br NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S471 EP S471 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-01975 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070803370 ER PT J AU Sapkota, S Yore, MM Kohl, HW AF Sapkota, Sanjeeb Yore, Michelle M. Kohl, Harold W. TI Walking, Physical Activity and Lipid/Lipoprotein Relation - Is There a Dose Response SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sapkota, Sanjeeb; Yore, Michelle M.; Kohl, Harold W.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM auu6@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S303 EP S303 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-01309 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070802486 ER PT J AU Ward, DS Vaughn, A Neelon, B Linnan, L Fulton, J Martin, S AF Ward, Dianne S. Vaughn, Amber Neelon, Brian Linnan, Laura Fulton, Janet Martin, Sarah TI Determinants of Active Travel to School: What We Learned from Parents SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ward, Dianne S.; Linnan, Laura] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Vaughn, Amber; Neelon, Brian] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Fulton, Janet; Martin, Sarah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dsward@email.unc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S470 EP S470 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-01972 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070803367 ER PT J AU Welk, GJ Wickel, E Heitzler, CD Fulton, JE Potter, LD AF Welk, Gregory J. Wickel, Eric Heitzler, Carrie D. Fulton, Janet E. Potter, Lance D. TI Reliability and Validity of Physical Activity Questions on the Youth Media Campaign Longitudinal Survey in 9-13 Year Old Children SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Welk, Gregory J.; Wickel, Eric] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Heitzler, Carrie D.; Fulton, Janet E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Potter, Lance D.] Westat Corp, Washington, DC USA. EM gwelk@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S566 EP S567 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-02355 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070803749 ER PT J AU Yore, MM Roux, L Schmid, T Kohl, HW AF Yore, Michelle M. Roux, Larissa Schmid, Thomas Kohl, Harold W., III TI Physical Activity, Diet Behaviors, and Obesity: Attitudes Regarding Causes and Potential Solutions SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yore, Michelle M.; Roux, Larissa; Schmid, Thomas; Kohl, Harold W., III] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM myore@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S252 EP S253 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070802287 ER PT J AU Hancock, K Pattabhi, S Whitfield, FW Yushak, ML Lane, WS Garciac, HH Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW AF Hancock, K Pattabhi, S Whitfield, FW Yushak, ML Lane, WS Garciac, HH Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW TI Characterization and cloning of T24, a Taenia solium antigen diagnostic for cysticercosis SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Taenia solium; cysticercosis; neurocysticercosis; diagnostic antigen; recombinant protein; Western blot ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; ORTHODOX JEWISH-COMMUNITY; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; EPILEPSY; DISEASE; ANTIBODIES AB The third and final diagnostic antigen of the lentil lectin purified glycoproteins (LLGP) extracted from the larval stage of Taenia solium has been characterized, cloned, and expressed. T24 is an integral membrane protein that belongs to the tetraspanin superfamily. It migrates at a position corresponding to 24-kDa and as it homodimer at 42-kDa. Antibodies from cysticercosis patients recognize secondary structure epitopes that are dependent upon correctly formed disulfide bonds. A portion of T24, the large, extracellular loop domain, was expressed in an immunologically reactive form in insect cells. When tested in a Western blot assay with a large battery of serum samples, this protein, T24H, has a sensitivity of 94% (101/107), for detecting cases of cysticercosis with two or more viable cysts, and a specificity of 98% (284/290). The identification and expression of T24H sets the stage for the development of an ELISA suitable for testing single samples and for large-scale serosurveys that is not dependent upon the isolation and purification of antigens from parasite materials. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Univ, Microchem & Proteom Anal Facil, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Inst Ciencias Neurol, Dept Transmissible Dis, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hancock, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM khancock@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [1PO1 AI51976-01, U01 AI35894] NR 52 TC 48 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 147 IS 1 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.02.004 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 038QY UT WOS:000237239300013 PM 16540186 ER PT J AU Steitz, J Gao, WT Nwanegbo, E Donis, RO Katz, JM Gambotto, A AF Steitz, Julia Gao, Wentao Nwanegbo, Edward Donis, Ruben O. Katz, Jacqueline M. Gambotto, Andrea TI Dose Escalation of Recombinant Adenovirus-Based Influenza Virus Vaccine Encoding the Full Length Hemagglutinin (HA) of the A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) To Immunize Naive and Ad-Immune Mice SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Steitz, Julia; Gao, Wentao; Nwanegbo, Edward; Gambotto, Andrea] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Infect Dis, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Donis, Ruben O.; Katz, Jacqueline M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1525-0016 EI 1525-0024 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 SU 1 MA 608 BP S235 EP S235 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA V32EC UT WOS:000208933502009 ER PT J AU Karem, KL Reynolds, M Olson, V Li, Y Damon, IK AF Karem, KL Reynolds, M Olson, V Li, Y Damon, IK TI Monkeypox outbreak diagnostics and implications for vaccine protective effect SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID SMALLPOX VACCINATION; IMMUNITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Karem, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus Program, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM idamon@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 495 EP 496 DI 10.1038/nm0506-495 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 051GH UT WOS:000238149100018 PM 16675987 ER PT J AU Park, RM Bowler, RM Eggerth, DE Diamond, E Spencer, KJ Smith, D Gwiazda, R AF Park, RM Bowler, RM Eggerth, DE Diamond, E Spencer, KJ Smith, D Gwiazda, R TI Issues in neurological risk assessment for occupational exposures: The Bay Bridge welders SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Effects of Manganese, Research, Industrial Hygiene and Clinical Issues in Occupational Exposures CY APR 17-18, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Tulane Univ Med Sch, SAn Francisco State Univ, Assoc Occupat & Environm Clin DE exposure response; manganese; neurobehavioral; parkinsonism ID SGOMSEC JOINT REPORT; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEUROBEHAVIORAL TOXICITY; FERROALLOY WORKERS; MANGANESE; PARKINSONISM; WORKPLACE; INDEXES; PLANT AB The goal of occupational risk assessment is often to estimate excess lifetime risk for some disabling or fatal health outcome in relation to a fixed workplace exposure lasting a working lifetime. For sub-chronic or sub-clinical health effects measured as continuous variables, the benchmark dose method can be applied, but poses issues in defining impairment and in specifying acceptable levels of excess risk. Such risks may also exhibit a dose-rate effect and partial reversibility such that effects depend on how the dose is distributed over time. Neurological deficits as measured by a variety of increasingly sensitive neurobehavioral tests represent one such outcome, and the development of a parkinsonian syndrome among welders exposed to manganese fume presents a specific instance. Welders employed in the construction of piers for a new San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge in San Francisco were previously evaluated using a broad spectrum of tests. Results for four of those tests (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, Working Memory Index, Stroop Color Word Test and Auditory Consonant Trigrams Test) were used in the benchmark dose procedure. Across the four outcomes analyzed, benchmark dose estimates were generally within a factor of 2.0, and decreased as the percentile of normal performance defining impairment increased. Estimated excess prevalence of impairment, defined as performance below the 5th percentile of normal, after 2 years of exposure at the current California standard (0.2 mg/m(3), 8 h TWA), ranged 15-32% for the outcomes studied. Because these exposures occurred over a 1-2-year period, generalization to lifetime excess risk requires further consideration of the form of the exposure response and whether short-term responses can be generalized to equivalent 45-year period. These results indicate unacceptable risks at the current OSHA PEL for manganese (5.0 mg/m(3) 15 min) and likely at the Cal OSHA PEL as well. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Educ & Informat Div, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Wright Inst, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Park, RM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Educ & Informat Div, Risk Evaluat Branch, MS C-15,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rhp9@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 373 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2005.10.010 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 046WF UT WOS:000237841100014 PM 16332392 ER PT J AU Bearer, CF Jacobson, AW Jacobson, JL Minnes, S Singer, LT Peterson, J Barr, D Molteno, CD Hoyme, HE Robinson, LK Hay, A Carter, RC Croxford, J Marais, AS Viljean, DL Fuller, D Kirchner, HL O'Riordan, MA AF Bearer, CF Jacobson, AW Jacobson, JL Minnes, S Singer, LT Peterson, J Barr, D Molteno, CD Hoyme, HE Robinson, LK Hay, A Carter, RC Croxford, J Marais, AS Viljean, DL Fuller, D Kirchner, HL O'Riordan, MA TI Biomarkers of prenatal ethanol exposure correlate with poor developmental outcomes SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cape Town, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. Fdn Alcohol Related Res, Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Cape Town, South Africa. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 413 EP 414 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 056JW UT WOS:000238519900016 ER PT J AU Marcus, A Michels Blanck, H AF Marcus, A Michels Blanck, H TI Human and animal studies of pubertal development following prenatal exposure to PBBs SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 417 EP 417 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 056JW UT WOS:000238519900026 ER PT J AU Imperatore, G AF Imperatore, G TI Childhood obesity: Is it time for action? SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; SOFT DRINK CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; AUSTRALIAN CHILDREN; BODY-FAT; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; ASSOCIATIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Imperatore, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gai5@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 235 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.numecd.2006.02.001 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 052KC UT WOS:000238231600001 PM 16679214 ER PT J AU Rejeski, WJ Lang, W Neiberg, RH Van Dorsten, B Foster, GD Maciejewski, ML Rubin, R Williamson, DF AF Rejeski, W. Jack Lang, Wei Neiberg, Rebecca H. Van Dorsten, Brent Foster, Gary D. Maciejewski, Matthew L. Rubin, Richard Williamson, David F. CA Look AHEAD Res Grp TI Correlates of health-related quality of life in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE BMI; cardiovascular fitness; race; physical symptoms; Look AHEAD ID EXERCISE; PEOPLE AB Objective: This paper describes and examines conceptually relevant correlates of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in overweight or obese persons with type 2 diabetes.. Research Design and Procedures: The investigation was a cross-sectional study of 5145 overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes between the ages of 45 and 74 years. Analyses examined the relationship that demographic characteristics, disease burden, and cardiovascular fitness had with HRQL: the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) II. Results: Means for the SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) scores, the mental component summary scores,. and the BDI-II were as follows: 47.0, 54.0, and 5.7. Less desirable PCS scores were related to several comorbidities, insulin use, physical complaints, a high BMI, low metabolic equivalent (MET) capacity, and lower education. Interactions between categories of obesity and MET capacity revealed that greater BMI was related to lower PCS scores when individuals had lower MET capacities yet was absent for those individuals who had higher MET capacities. In addition, although greater BMI was associated with more severe depressive symptomatology, this association was the most dramatic for those with class III obesity who had low MET capacity. Discussion: Although participants in Look AHEAD had a favorable profile on the SF-36 and the BDI-II at baseline, lower PCS scores were related to disease severity and the presence of other comorbidities. More important, although the temporal ordering of associations cannot be determined in a cross-sectional design, the interactions between obesity class and MET capacity suggest that the adverse effect of BMI on PCS and BDI-II scores may be buffered by higher MET capacities. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Biostat Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Rehabil Med, Aurora, CO USA. Temple Univ, Ctr Obes Res & Educ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rejeski, WJ (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM rejeski@wfu.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000056 44, M01RR00211-40, M01-RR-02719, M01-RR-01066, M01 RR00051]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK57177, DK57078, DK57135, DK57171, DK57219, DK57178, DK57154, DK57151, DK57136, DK56992, DK57182, DK57149, DK57131, DK57008, DK57002, DK56990, DK 046204, P30 DK48520] NR 25 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 8 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD MAY PY 2006 VL 14 IS 5 BP 870 EP 883 DI 10.1038/oby.2006.101 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066SF UT WOS:000239249700018 PM 16855197 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Paramsothy, P Cu-Uvin, S Duerr, A AF Jamieson, Denise J. Paramsothy, Pangaia Cu-Uvin, Susan Duerr, Ann CA HIV Epidemiology Res Study Grp TI Vulvar, vaginal, and perianal intraepithelial neoplasia in women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; HIV-1 INFECTION AB OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of vulvar, vaginal, and perianal intraepithelial neoplasia among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women with a group of well-matched high-risk HIV-uninfected controls. METHODS: A total of 192 HIV-infected and 88 uninfected women at high risk for HIV were followed up prospectively in Providence, Rhode Island during a 6-year period. Pap tests and cervicovaginal lavage for human papillomavirus detection and typing were performed at baseline and every 6 months thereafter. All women referred for colposcopy underwent a full colposcopic evaluation, including the vulvar, vaginal, and perianal regions. Unadjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for development of vulvar, vaginal, and perianal intraepithelial neoplasia using univariable Cox proportional hazards models. An incidence analysis was performed by calculating Kaplan-Meier survival curves for development of intraepithelial neoplasia. RESULTS: At baseline, 3 (1.6%) of the 192 HIV-infected women and none of the 88 HIV-uninfected women had vulvar, vaginal, and perianal intraepithelial neoplasia. During the study, 16 of 189 (8.5%) HIV-infected women and 1 of 88 (1.1%) HIV-uninfected women developed vulvar, vaginal, and perianal intraepithelial neoplasia. The incidence of vulvar, vaginal, or anal intraepithelial neoplasia was 1.96 per 100 person years for the HIV-infected women and 0.26 per 100 person-years for the HIVuninfected women (P = .03). CONCLUSION: Human immunodeficiency virus-infected women had more vulvar, vaginal, and perianal intraepithelial lesions compared with HIV-uninfected women. Furthermore, the incidence rates were higher than has been found in HIV-infected women in other similar cohorts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CONRAD Program, Arlington, VA USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM djj0@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU 106795] NR 7 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1023 EP 1028 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000210237.80211.ff PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 095GP UT WOS:000241296500009 PM 16648406 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ Shay, DK Gershman, K Thomas, A Craig, AS Schaffner, W Harrison, LH Vugia, D Clogher, P Lynfield, R Farley, M Zansky, S Uyeki, T AF Schrag, SJ Shay, DK Gershman, K Thomas, A Craig, AS Schaffner, W Harrison, LH Vugia, D Clogher, P Lynfield, R Farley, M Zansky, S Uyeki, T CA Emerging Infections Program Resp TI Multistate surveillance for laboratory-confirmed, influenza-associated hospitalizations in children 2003-2004 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE influenza; influenza vaccines; child; hospitalized; surveillance ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; VIRAL CULTURE; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; OUTPATIENT VISITS; VIRUS; DIAGNOSIS; ILLNESS; INFECTION; INFANTS; HOUSTON AB Background: Increasing use of rapid influenza diagnostics facilitates laboratory confirmation of influenza infections. We describe laboratory-confirmed, influenza-associated hospitalizations in a population representing almost 6% of children in the United States. Methods: We conducted population-based surveillance for influenza-associated hospitalizations between October 1, 2003, and March 31, 2004, in 54 counties in 9 states (4.2 million children) participating in the Emerging Infections Program Network. Clinical characteristics, predictors of intensive care unit admission and geographic and age-specific incidence were evaluated. Results: Surveillance identified 1,308 case-patients; 80% were < 5 years and 27% were < 6 months of age. Half of the patients and 4 of 5 pediatric deaths did not have a medical indication for influenza vaccination and were outside the 6- to 23-month age group. Twenty-eight percent of case-patients had radiographic evidence of a pulmonary infiltrate, 11% were admitted to intensive care and 3% received mechanical ventilation. The median length of hospital stay was 2 days. Community-acquired invasive bacterial coinfections (1% of patients) were associated with intensive care admission (adjusted odds ratio, 16.9; 95% confidence interval, 5.0-56.8). Thirty-five percent of patients >= 6 months old had received at least one influenza vaccine dose that season. The overall incidence of influenza-associated hospitalizations was 36 per 100,000 children (range per state, 10 per 100,000 to 86 per 100,000). Conclusions: Influenza was an important cause of hospitalizations in children during 2003-2004. Hospitalizations were particularly common among children < 6 months of age, a group for whom influenza vaccine is not licensed. Continued surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza could inform prevention strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Colorado Emerging Infect Program, Denver, CO USA. Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Nashville, TN USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Yale Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. New York Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SSchrag@cdc.gov OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 26 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000214988.81379.71 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 043GI UT WOS:000237587800003 PM 16645501 ER PT J AU Turcios, RM Curns, AT Holman, RC Pandya-Smith, I LaMonte, A Bresee, JS Glass, RI AF Turcios, RM Curns, AT Holman, RC Pandya-Smith, I LaMonte, A Bresee, JS Glass, RI CA Natl Resp Enteric Virus TI Temporal and geographic trends of rotavirus activity in the United States, 1997-2004 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; epidemiology; seasonality; United States ID DIARRHEA AB Rotavirus (RV) has a characteristic seasonal pattern in the 48 contiguous states of the continental United States, and climatologic factors have been implicated though not confirmed. Since 1997, three significant events occurred, including strong El Nino and La Nina climatologic phenomena, and the brief introduction of a rotavirus (RV) vaccine. We examined trends in RV activity in the continental United States between 1997 and 2004, using data from a network of over 70 laboratories that voluntarily report weekly RV detection rates within the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS). Analysis of NREVSS data indicates characteristic winter activity that begins in the Southwest in December or January, moves across the country, and ends in the Northeast in April or May. This pattern was not affected by the brief use of RV vaccine nor by periods of climate change associated with the El Nino and La Nina phenomena. The temporal and geographic pattern of RV spread in the United States has persisted since its initial description and defies easy explanation. An impact of the RV vaccine was not observed, either because of the limited uptake of the vaccine or the inherent variability of the system. NRVESS permits a gross assessment of RV geographic and temporal trends in the United States, but underscores the need for additional assessment mechanisms. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Turcios, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RTurcios@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5 BP 451 EP 454 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000214987.67522.78 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 043GI UT WOS:000237587800014 PM 16645512 ER PT J AU Dempsey, AF Zimet, GD Davis, RL Koutsky, L AF Dempsey, AF Zimet, GD Davis, RL Koutsky, L TI Factors that are associated with parental acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccines: A randomized intervention study of written information about HPV SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE human papillomavirus; vaccines; sexually transmitted disease ID ADOLESCENT CHILDREN; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; GENITAL HERPES; UNITED-STATES; ACCEPTABILITY; INFECTION; TYPE-16; IMMUNIZATION; PREVALENCE; ATTITUDES AB OBJECTIVES. Prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) are expected to be available for public use by 2007 and likely will be targeted to preadolescent children. Parental acceptance of these vaccines will be critical for their success. The objectives of this study were ( 1) to determine the overall acceptance of HPV vaccines for preadolescent children by parents, ( 2) to evaluate the influence of written educational information about HPV on parental acceptability of HPV vaccines, and ( 3) to identify independent predictors associated with HPV vaccine acceptability by parents. METHODS. A randomized intervention study within a cross-sectional survey was conducted. Parental HPV vaccine acceptability was measured under 3 different hypothetical scenarios. A self-administered survey on the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about HPV and HPV vaccines was sent to 1600 parents of 8- to 12-year-old children. In addition to a baseline paragraph about HPV that was received by all study participants, a random half of the study participants received a detailed "HPV Information Sheet" outlining the epidemiology and potential clinical sequelae of HPV infection. Independent predictors of parental HPV vaccine acceptability were determined using multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS. Parents who received the HPV information sheet had higher mean scores on the HPV knowledge assessment tool than the control group. However, despite this apparent improvement in knowledge, there was not a statistically significant difference in HPV vaccine acceptability between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS. Providing parents with an HPV information sheet did seem to improve knowledge about HPV, but this increased knowledge had little effect on the acceptability of these vaccines by parents for their children. Instead, attitudes and life experiences seemed to be more important factors influencing HPV vaccine acceptability among parents. C1 Univ Washington, Robert Wood Johnson Clin Scholars Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dempsey, AF (reprint author), 300 N Ingalls St,Room 6C13, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM adempsey@med.umich.edu OI Zimet, Gregory/0000-0003-3835-937X NR 27 TC 273 Z9 273 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2006 VL 117 IS 5 BP 1486 EP 1493 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-1381 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 038GO UT WOS:000237207300033 PM 16651301 ER PT J AU Cohen, AL Veenstra, D AF Cohen, AL Veenstra, D TI Economic analysis of prevaccination serotesting compared with presumptive immunization for polio, diphtheria, and tetanus in internationally adopted and immigrant infants SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE international adoption; immunizations; cost-effectiveness; cost analysis; immigration issues ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; HEPATITIS-B; CHILDREN; VACCINATION; ADOLESCENTS; VARICELLA AB BACKGROUND. No consensus exists about whether to conduct prevaccination serotesting or to presumptively vaccinate internationally adopted and immigrant infants with inactivated polio (IPV) and diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) immunizations. OBJECTIVE. To study the clinical and economic outcomes from a societal perspective of prevaccination serotesting in a hypothetical 12-month-old internationally adopted or immigrant infant. DESIGN AND METHODS. A decision analysis model was developed comparing presumptive vaccination with IPV versus serotesting for poliovirus type 1, 2, and 3 antibodies followed by vaccination in unprotected patients. A similar decision analysis model was developed comparing presumptive vaccination with DTaP versus serotesting for diphtheria and tetanus toxoid antibodies. The main outcome measures were cost per patient protected from polio, diphtheria, and tetanus. RESULTS. Compared with presumptive immunization, prevaccination serotesting for polio increases the cost per patient from $57 to $62 and decreases the percentage of patients protected against polio from 95.3% to 94.0%. Serotesting for diphtheria and tetanus increases the cost per patient from $62 to $119 and increases the percentage of patients protected against both diphtheria and tetanus from 91.5% to 92.3%. Presumptive immunization with DTaP costs less and is more clinically effective than serotesting if > 80% of patients do not complete the full vaccine series or if antibody seroprevalence to both diphtheria and tetanus is < 51%. CONCLUSIONS. Presumptive immunization for polio improves outcomes and saves costs compared with prevaccination serotesting in internationally adopted and immigrant infants. The results for DTaP are less definitive, although immunization is the preferred strategy in populations with poor vaccine compliance or low seroprevalence of antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus. C1 Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pharm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cohen, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alcohen@u.washington.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2006 VL 117 IS 5 BP 1650 EP 1655 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0822 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 038GO UT WOS:000237207300051 PM 16651319 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK Kaufman, D Edwards, JR Shetty, S Horan, T AF Fridkin, SK Kaufman, D Edwards, JR Shetty, S Horan, T CA Natl Nosocomial Infections Syst Ho TI Changing incidence of Candida bloodstream infections among NICU patients in the United States: 1995-2004 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Candida; intensive care units; hospital-acquired infection; fungemia; candidiasis; bloodstream infection; high-risk nursery; extremely low birth weight infant; neonatal ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; LATE-ONSET SEPSIS; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; NEONATAL RESEARCH NETWORK; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; INVASIVE CANDIDIASIS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; SURVEILLANCE; FLUCONAZOLE; THERAPY AB OBJECTIVES. Recent reports suggest that candidemia caused by fluconazole-resistant strains is increasing in certain adult populations. We evaluated the annual incidence of neonatal candidemia and the frequency of disease caused by different species of Candida among neonates in the United States. PATIENTS. The study included neonates admitted to 128 NICUs participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2004 ( study period). METHODS. Reports of bloodstream infection ( BSI) with Candida spp.; Candida BSIs, patient admissions, patient-days, and central venous catheter days were pooled by birth weight category. The number of Candida BSIs per 100 patients ( attack rate) and per 1000 patient-days ( incidence density) was determined. Both overall and species-specific rates were calculated; data were pooled over time to determine the differences by birth weight category and by year to determine trends over time. RESULTS. From the 130 523 patients admitted to NICUs during the study period, there were 1997 Candida spp. BSIs reported. Overall, 1472 occurred in the < 1000-g birth weight group. Candida albicans BSIs were most common, followed by Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida lusitaniae, Candida glabrata, and only 3 Candida krusei. Among neonates < 1000 g, incidence per 1000 patient-days decreased from 3.51 during 1995-1999 to 2.68 during 2000-2004 but remained stable among heavier neonates. No increase in infections by species that tend to demonstrate resistance to fluconazole (C glabrata or C krusei) was observed. CONCLUSIONS. Although Candida BSI is a serous problem among neonates < 1000 g, incidence has declined over the past decade, and disease with species commonly resistant to azoles was extremely rare. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Se, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Outcomes Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot,US Dept Hlth & Human, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Se, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, MS C-09,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sfridkin@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 150 Z9 165 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2006 VL 117 IS 5 BP 1680 EP 1687 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-1996 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 038GO UT WOS:000237207300056 PM 16651324 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Okoro, CA McGuire, LC Balluz, LS AF Strine, TW Okoro, CA McGuire, LC Balluz, LS TI The associations among childhood headaches, emotional and behavioral difficulties, and health care use SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE behavior; impairment; headache; mental health ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE; RECURRENT PEDIATRIC HEADACHE; UNITED-STATES; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; ADOLESCENT HEADACHE; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; YOUNG-ADULTS; CHILDREN AB BACKGROUND. Headaches are common among children and adolescents, particularly migraine and tension-type headaches. They contribute to missed school days, affect children's peer and family relationships, and significantly impact children's quality of life, often times into adulthood. OBJECTIVES. This study, based on responses to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, was designed to examine difficulties and impairments related to emotions, concentration, behavior, and social functioning among children with frequent or severe headaches (FSH). METHODS. We used a cross-sectional study of 9264 children aged 4-17 years from the 2003 National Health Interview Survey, an ongoing, computer-assisted personal interview survey of the noninstitutionalized US population. RESULTS. Approximately 6.7% of children experienced FSH during the previous 12 months. Overall, children with FSH were 3.2 times more likely than children without FSH to have a high level of difficulties and 2.7 times more likely to have a high level of impairment, suggesting potential mental health issues. More specifically, analyses revealed that children with FSH were significantly more likely than those without FSH to exhibit high levels of emotional, conduct, inattention-hyperactivity, and peer problems and were significantly more likely than children without FSH to be upset or distressed by their difficulties and to have their difficulties interfere with home life, friendships, classroom learning, and leisure activities. CONCLUSION. Because children with FSH experience notable pain, mental health issues, and functional limitations, integrated care using a biopsychosocial approach is warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2006 VL 117 IS 5 BP 1728 EP 1735 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-1024 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 038GO UT WOS:000237207300063 PM 16651331 ER PT J AU Lynch, M Shieh, WJ Bresee, JS Tatti, KM Gentsch, JR Jones, T Jiang, BM Hummelman, E Zimmerman, CM Zaki, SR Glass, RI AF Lynch, M Shieh, WJ Bresee, JS Tatti, KM Gentsch, JR Jones, T Jiang, BM Hummelman, E Zimmerman, CM Zaki, SR Glass, RI TI Intussusception after administration of the rhesus tetravalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotashield): The search for a pathogenic mechanism SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; intussusception; vaccines; adverse events ID INFANTS; CHILDREN; ADENOVIRUS; INFECTION; CHILDHOOD AB OBJECTIVES. The rhesus tetravalent rotavirus vaccine ( RRV) was withdrawn from the routine program for childhood immunization in the United States because of the rare and unexpected occurrence of intussusception in the 2-week period after administration of the first dose. METHODS. To search for the pathogenesis of this association, we compared the pathology of surgical specimens from infants who had surgical reduction of their intussusceptions within 2 weeks of receiving the vaccine ( case patients; n = 8) with the pathology of specimens from children who had surgery > 2 weeks after immunization ( n = 6) or who had never been immunized ( n = 26). Tissue was examined for evidence of the vaccine strain of rotavirus by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR), in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS. RRV was identified by RT-PCR in tissue samples from 7 of the 8 case patients and in 2 of the 6 children who received the vaccine at a more distant time ( 29 and 58 days before surgery), but it was not identified in samples from any of the nonvaccinated children. No evidence of rotavirus tissue involvement was detected in any of the children by in situ hybridization or immunohistochemical staining. Pathologic evidence ( for example, inclusion bodies, smudge cells) of adenovirus infection was present in 35% of the 37 specimens examined by routine staining and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS. The fact that RRV was detected by RT-PCR but not by either of the other assays could be explained by RRV being present in the lumen of the gut but not in the tissues of appendix, ileum, or Peyer's patches. The Peyer's patches were not hyperplastic, and we could not establish the pathogenic mechanism for this association. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rglass@cdc.gov RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2006 VL 117 IS 5 BP E827 EP E832 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-1556 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 038GO UT WOS:000237207300003 PM 16651287 ER PT J AU Sweetman, L Millington, DS Therrell, BL Hannon, WH Popovich, B Watson, MS Mann, MY Lloyd-Puryear, MA van Dyck, PC AF Sweetman, L Millington, DS Therrell, BL Hannon, WH Popovich, B Watson, MS Mann, MY Lloyd-Puryear, MA van Dyck, PC TI Naming and counting disorders (conditions) included in newborn screening panels SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE newborn screening; disorders; nomenclature AB The rapid introduction of new technologies for newborn screening is affecting decisions about the disorders ( conditions) that are required or offered as an option through public and private newborn screening. An American College of Medical Genetics report to the Health Resources and Services Administration summarized an extensive effort by a group of experts, with diverse expertise within the newborn screening system, to determine a process for selecting a uniform panel of newborn screening disorders. The expert panel did not propose a mechanism for counting or naming conditions. Differences in the nomenclature used to identify disorders have resulted in difficulties in developing a consensus listing and counting scheme for the disorders in the recommended uniform panel. We suggest a system of nomenclature that correlates the screening panel of disorders recommended in the American College of Medical Genetics report with the screening analyte and accepted standardized nomenclature. This nomenclature system is proposed to remove ambiguity and to increase national uniformity in naming and counting screening disorders. C1 Baylor Univ, Inst Metab Dis, Baylor Res Inst, Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75226 USA. Duke Univ, Biochem Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27706 USA. Natl Newborn Screening & Genet Resource Ctr, Austin, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Sirius Genom Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Amer Coll Med Genet, Washington, DC USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, Washington, DC USA. RP Sweetman, L (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Inst Metab Dis, Baylor Res Inst, Med Ctr, 3812 Elm St, Dallas, TX 75226 USA. EM larrys@baylorhealth.edu NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2006 VL 117 IS 5 SU S BP S308 EP S314 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2633J PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 038GR UT WOS:000237207600010 PM 16735257 ER PT J AU Asghar, RJ AF Asghar, Rana Jawad TI Promoting regional health cooperation: The South Asian public health forum SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jawad@alumni.washington.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 3 IS 5 BP 602 EP 604 AR e108 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030108 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 057VS UT WOS:000238623900012 PM 16646634 ER PT J AU Persson, J Beall, B Linse, S Lindahl, G AF Persson, Jenny Beall, Bernard Linse, Sara Lindahl, Gunnar TI Extreme sequence divergence but conserved ligand-binding specificity in Streptococcus pyogenes M protein SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN C4B-BINDING PROTEIN; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; GP120 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS; CELL-SURFACE PROTEIN; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; HYPERVARIABLE REGION; RECEPTOR-BINDING; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; COMPLEMENT REGULATORS AB Many pathogenic microorganisms evade host immunity through extensive sequence variability in a protein region targeted by protective antibodies. In spite of the sequence variability, a variable region commonly retains an important ligand-binding function, reflected in the presence of a highly conserved sequence motif. Here, we analyze the limits of sequence divergence in a ligand-binding region by characterizing the hypervariable region (HVR) of Streptococcus pyogenes M protein. Our studies were focused on HVRs that bind the human complement regulator C4b-binding protein (C4BP), a ligand that confers phagocytosis resistance. A previous comparison of C4BP-binding HVRs identified residue identities that could be part of a binding motif, but the extended analysis reported here shows that no residue identities remain when additional C4BP-binding HVRs are included. Characterization of the HVR in the M22 protein indicated that two relatively conserved Leu residues are essential for C4BP binding, but these residues are probably core residues in a coiled-coil, implying that they do not directly contribute to binding. In contrast, substitution of either of two relatively conserved Glu residues, predicted to be solvent-exposed, had no effect on C4BP binding, although each of these changes had a major effect on the antigenic properties of the HVR. Together, these findings show that HVRs of M proteins have an extraordinary capacity for sequence divergence and antigenic variability while retaining a specific ligand-binding function. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Lab Med, Div Med Microbiol, Lund, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Lund Univ, Ctr Chem, Dept Biophys Chem, Lund, Sweden. RP Lindahl, G (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Lab Med, Div Med Microbiol, Lund, Sweden. EM gunnar.lindahl@med.lu.se RI Persson, Jenny /H-1796-2012 OI Persson, Jenny /0000-0002-1075-4346 NR 0 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7366 EI 1553-7374 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 2 IS 5 BP 442 EP 452 AR e47 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020047 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA V42VH UT WOS:000202894500011 PM 16733543 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Ingram, DD AF Gillum, RF Ingram, DD TI Frequency of attendance at religious services, hypertension, and blood pressure: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypertension; religion; blood pressure; epidemiologic methods ID PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; OLDER-ADULTS; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; BEHAVIORS; PROMOTION; AMERICANS; AWARENESS; TRENDS AB Objective: To test the hypothesis that frequency of attendance at religious services is inversely related to prevalence of hypertension and blood pressure level. Methods: In the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 111), 14,475 American women and men aged 20 years and over reported frequency of attendance at religious services, history of hypertension treatment, and had blood pressure (BP) measured. Results: The percentage reporting attending religious services weekly (52 times/yr) was 29 and more than weekly (> 52 times/yr) was 10. Prevalence of hypertension (systolic BP >= 140 or diastolic BP >= 90 mm Hg or current use of blood pressure medication) was 21% in never at attenders, 19% in those attending less than weekly (1-51 times/yr), 26% in those attending weekly, and 26% in those attending more than weekly (p <.01). After controlling for sociodemographic and health variables, religious attendance was associated with reduced prevalence compared with nonattendance, significantly so for weekly (P = -0.24; 95% confidence interval [CL], -0.37 to -0.11; p <.01) and more than weekly (0 = -0.33; 95% CL, -0.60 to -0.07; p <.05). No significant effect modification by gender or age was observed. Compared with never attenders, persons attending weekly had a systolic BP 1.46 mm Hg (95% CL 2.33, 0.58 mm Hg, p <.01) lower and persons attending > 52 times/yr had systolic BP 3.03 mm Hg (95% CL 4.34, 1.72 min Hg, p <.01) lower. No significant effect modification by gender was observed; these estimates are adjusted for a significant interaction between age and less than weekly attendance (1-51 times) (p <.05). Conclusions: Compared with never attending, attendance at religious services weekly or more than weekly was associated with somewhat lower adjusted hypertension prevalence and blood pressure in a large national survey. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 3 BP 382 EP 385 DI 10.1097/01.psy.0000221253.90559.dd PG 4 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 049MC UT WOS:000238019600005 PM 16738068 ER PT J AU Watson, JT Ramirez, E Evens, A Bellini, W Johnson, H Morita, J AF Watson, JT Ramirez, E Evens, A Bellini, W Johnson, H Morita, J TI Measles immunization coverage determined by serology and immunization record from children in two Chicago communities SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION COVERAGE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MEDICAL-RECORDS; REGISTRY DATA; US CHILDREN; CARDS; OPPORTUNITIES; TRANSMISSION; HISTORY; RISK AB Objectives. We compared the prevalence of measles immunization determined by serology with the prevalence of measles immunization determined by immunization records, and identified factors predictive of measles immunization among a sample of children from two Chicago communities. Methods. We collected demographic information and blood specimens from a sample of children aged 12-71 months in two Chicago communities at risk for low measles immunization coverage levels. We collected immunization information from provider records, parent-held records, and the statewide immunization registry. We compared evidence of immunization determined by serology with evidence of immunization from these three sources of immunization records. Results. The sample of children from the two communities had serologic measles immunity levels of 85% and 90%. Significantly fewer children had evidence of immunization by record in both communities (45% and 63%, respectively). Conclusions. Immunization coverage levels determined using immunization records were significantly lower than immunization coverage determined using serology. A fully populated immunization registry used by all immunization providers could prevent the problems of record loss and scatter. C1 Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Immunizat Program, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Labs, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Ramirez, E (reprint author), Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Immunizat Program, 2160 W Ogden Ave, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM ramirez_enrique@cdph.org NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 121 IS 3 BP 262 EP 269 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 034HF UT WOS:000236919200007 PM 16640148 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, SR Mallonee, S Archer, A Gofton, J AF Rodriguez, SR Mallonee, S Archer, A Gofton, J TI Evaluation of death certificate-based surveillance for traumatic brain injury - Oklahoma 2002 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL EXAMINER; MORTALITY DATA; NEW-MEXICO; ACCURACY; COMPLETION AB Objectives. Death certificate data are used to estimate state and national incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related deaths. This study evaluated the accuracy of this estimate in Oklahoma and examined the case characteristics of those persons who experienced a TBI-related death but whose death certificate did not reflect a TBI. Methods. Data from Oklahoma's vital statistics multiple-cause-of-death database and from the Oklahoma Injury Surveillance System database were analyzed for TBI deaths that occurred during 2002. Cases were defined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ICD-10 code case definition. In multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model, we examined the association of case characteristics and the absence of a death certificate for persons who experienced a TBI-related death. Results. Overall, sensitivity of death certificate-based surveillance was 78%. The majority (62%) of missed cases were due to listing "multiple trauma" as the cause of death. Death certificate surveillance was more likely to miss TBI-related deaths among traffic crashes, falls, and persons aged <= 65 years. After adding missed cases to cases captured by death certificate surveillance, traffic crashes surpassed firearm fatalities as the leading external cause of TBI-related death. Conclusions. Death certificate surveillance underestimated TBI-related death in Oklahoma and might lead to national underreporting. More accurate and detailed completion of death certificates would result in better estimates of the burden of TBI-related death. Educational efforts to improve death certificate completion could substantially increase the accuracy of mortality statistics. C1 Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Off Sci Affairs, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Injury Prevent Program, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Oklahoma Chief Med Examiner, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rodriguez, SR (reprint author), Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis Div, 1000 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. EM sara@health.ok.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U17/CCU611902] NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 121 IS 3 BP 282 EP 289 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 034HF UT WOS:000236919200010 PM 16640151 ER PT J AU Bennett, MD Miller, DB AF Bennett, MD Miller, DB TI An exploratory study of the urban hassles index: A contextually relevant measure of chronic multidimensional urban stressors SO RESEARCH ON SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE adolescents; stressors; urban hassles ID SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION THEORY; AMERICAN MALE-ADOLESCENTS; NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE; MENTAL-HEALTH; VIOLENCE; YOUTH; CHILDHOOD; RESILIENCE; BEHAVIOR; ISSUES AB Objective: This article discusses continued development of the Urban Hassles Index (UHI). The stressors identified it? the UHI are chronic and differ substantively from the more acute life events indexes typically employed to measure adolescent stress. Method: Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the underlying factor structure of the UHI. Structural equation modeling was used to define the relationship between the latent factors and the observed variables and to test, a priori, the hypothesis that responses to the UHI could be explained by four first-order factors. Results: For study participants, urban hassles include four dimensions (harassment, anxiety, social disorganization, and coercion). However, the hypothesis that responses to the UHI could be explained by four first-order factors and one second-order factor could not be confirmed. Conclusions: The utility of the UHI for social work researchers and practitioners is discussed. C1 Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Bennett, MD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Virol Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Etiol & Surveillance Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MBennettJr@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1049-7315 J9 RES SOCIAL WORK PRAC JI Res. Soc. Work. Pract. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1177/1049731505283886 PG 10 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 036XX UT WOS:000237111700005 ER PT J AU Gaydos, CA Kent, CK Rietmeijer, CA Willard, NJ Marrazzo, JM Chapin, JB Dunne, EF Markowitz, LE Klausner, JD Ellen, JM Schillinger, JA AF Gaydos, CA Kent, CK Rietmeijer, CA Willard, NJ Marrazzo, JM Chapin, JB Dunne, EF Markowitz, LE Klausner, JD Ellen, JM Schillinger, JA TI Prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae among men screened for Chlamydia trachomatis in four United States cities, 1999-2003 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID US CITIES; INFECTIONS; TRANSMISSION; CLINICS AB Objectives: Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections are the second most commonly reported disease in the United States and cause significant morbidity. We describe the prevalence of gonorrhea in a large sample of men tested for gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis in Baltimore, Denver, San Francisco, and Seattle. Methods: Gonorrhea prevalence was measured among 17,712 men tested in a variety of non-sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic venues using urine-based nucleic acid amplification tests. Results: Among 16,850 asymptomatic men, prevalence ranged from 0% to 1.5% by city (P = 0.20): Baltimore 1.3%, Denver 1.5%, San Francisco 1.5 %, and Seattle 0%. Among 862 symptomatic men, the gonorrhea prevalence varied from 0.0% to 28.3% by city (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The high prevalence of gonorrhea in symptomatic men supports the importance of testing for symptomatic men. The prevalence of gonorrhea among asymptomatic men is low, and routine screening cannot be recommended when screening is performed for chlamydia, unless a substantial local prevalence of gonorrhea can be documented in specific targeted venues or population groups. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gaydos, CA (reprint author), 1159 Ross Bldg,720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM cgaydos@jhmi.edu RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010; OI Marrazzo, Jeanne/0000-0002-9277-7364 FU PHS HHS [U30/CCV317876] NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 33 IS 5 BP 314 EP 319 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000194572.51186.96 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 039KA UT WOS:000237303200007 PM 16505744 ER PT J AU Passin, WF Kim, AS Hutchinson, AB Crepaz, N Herbst, JH Lyles, CM AF Passin, WF Kim, AS Hutchinson, AB Crepaz, N Herbst, JH Lyles, CM CA Team, THAPRSP TI A systematic review of HIV partner ccounseling and referral services: Client and provider attitudes, preferences, practices, and experiences SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; NATIONAL-SURVEY; SAN-FRANCISCO; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS; NOTIFICATION; INTERVENTION; PREVENTION; PHYSICIANS; BEHAVIORS AB Objectives: The objectives of this study were to understand client and provider attitudes, experiences, and practices regarding HIV partner notification in the United States and to help identify future research and program needs. Goals: The goals of this study were to synthesize the literature reporting client and provider attitudes, experiences, and practices and to identify potential negative effects of HIV partner notification. Study Design: This study consisted of a systematic qualitative review. Results: Clients were willing to self-notify partners and participate in provider notification, and few reported negative effects. The majority of healthcare providers were in favor of HIV partner notification; however, they did not consistently refer index clients to HIV partner notification programs. Conclusion: Considering that clients have positive attitudes toward self- and provider referral, local HIV prevention programs need to ensure that all HIV-positive clients are offered partner notification services. Additional research is needed to assess the potential risks of notifying partners and to identify effective techniques to improve client and provider participation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Passin, WF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wpassin@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 33 IS 5 BP 320 EP 328 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000194597.16236.48 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 039KA UT WOS:000237303200008 PM 16505750 ER PT J AU Mertens, PLJM Widdowson, MA Van der Avoort, HGAM Richardus, JH AF Mertens, PLJM Widdowson, MA Van der Avoort, HGAM Richardus, JH TI Risk of introduction of poliovirus into a Dutch Cape Verdian community during an outbreak of poliovirus in Cape Verde, 2000 SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE poliomyelitis; poliovirus; Cape Verde; religion; vaccination ID POLIOMYELITIS OUTBREAK; NETHERLANDS; EPIDEMIC; IMMUNITY; SEWAGE AB Objective To assess the risk of introduction of polio virus in a Cape Verdian community of Rotterdam, during the polio epidemic in Cape Verde in 2000. Methods All 225 insufficiently vaccinated 0-14-year-old Cape Verdian children (n = 4188) and a random sample of 285 out of all 15-30-year-old Cape Verdians (n = 5074) in Rotterdam were surveyed to assess travel behaviour and vaccination coverage. Faecal specimens were collected and sewage samples taken in neighbourhoods with a sizable Cape Verdian population for testing of polio virus. Results During the polio epidemic in Cape Verde, 10% of insufficiently vaccinated children aged 0-14 years and 17% of adults aged 15-30 years living in Rotterdam reported travelling to Cape Verde. 94.6% of Cape Verdians in Rotterdam aged 0-14 years were sufficiently vaccinated against polio, but 9 of 91 insufficiently vaccinated children had travelled to Cape Verde during the epidemic. Of those aged 15-30 years, 10% were not vaccinated against polio. In the faeces of 80 insufficiently vaccinated individuals aged 0-14 years and in 74 adults aged 15-30 years, no poliovirus was detected. Samples of sewage from six sites were negative for poliovirus. Conclusion No evidence of poliovirus infection was found in the Cape Verde population in Rotterdam despite extensive travel to the Cape Verde during the outbreak. C1 Univ Rotterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Erasmus MC, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Municipal Publ Hlth Serv, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Mertens, PLJM (reprint author), Univ Rotterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Erasmus MC, POB 1738, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM paul.mertens@wxs.nl OI Widdowson, Marc-Alain/0000-0002-0682-6933 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP 746 EP 750 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01611.x PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 036TG UT WOS:000237097800022 PM 16640628 ER PT J AU Sharma, DA Bern, C Varghese, B Chowdhury, R Haque, R Ali, M Amann, J Ahluwalia, IB Wagatsuma, Y Breiman, RF Maguire, JH McFarland, DA AF Sharma, DA Bern, C Varghese, B Chowdhury, R Haque, R Ali, M Amann, J Ahluwalia, IB Wagatsuma, Y Breiman, RF Maguire, JH McFarland, DA TI The economic impact of visceral leishmaniasis on households in Bangladesh SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Bangladesh; coping strategy; economic burden; treatment cost; visceral leishmaniasis ID CATASTROPHIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE; KALA-AZAR; NEPAL AB Objectives: To explore current patterns of diagnosis and treatment, quantify household economic impact and identify household strategies to cover the costs of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) care in rural Bangladesh. Method: Structured interviews with 113 VL patients from 87 households documenting all provider visits and expenditures for health care for VL, and the ways in which the expenditures were covered. Results: Patients paid a median of 7 visits to six different providers before beginning VL treatment. All visited the subdistrict government hospital at least once. While health care, including antileishmanial drug therapy, is officially available free of charge at government facilities, 79% of patients reported making informal payments for provider access, diagnostics and drug administration; only 14% of patients received their full drug course from this source. For the 58% of patients who purchased the full treatment course, drug cost constituted 34% of direct expenditure. Median direct expenditure for one VL patient was US$87 and median income lost was $40; median total expenditure was 1.2 times annual per capita income of our study population. Households employed multiple coping strategies to cover expenditures, most commonly sale or rental of assets (62%) and taking out loans (64%). Conclusions: Visceral leishmaniasis treatment causes a major economic burden in affected families. Control strategies for VL should facilitate timely, affordable diagnosis and treatment of patients to decrease the infection reservoir and to alleviate the economic burden of VL on households. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. ICDDR B, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cbern@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 EI 1365-3156 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAY PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP 757 EP 764 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01604.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 036TG UT WOS:000237097800024 ER EF