FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Tongren, JE Kauth, C Kariuki, S Nahlen, B Barnwell, J Udhayakumar, V Bujard, H AF Tongren, Jon Eric Kauth, Christian Kariuki, Simon Nahlen, Bernard Barnwell, John Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Bujard, Hermann TI Serology of Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 complex proteins in residents of an area of holoendemic malaria in Western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. Univ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Vector Control Res Ctr & Biol, Kesumu, Kenya. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 203 BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900204 ER PT J AU Bossin, HC Thailayil, J Catteruccia, F Benton, JP Crisanti, A Benedict, MQ Knols, BG Robinson, AS AF Bossin, Herve C. Thailayil, Janis Catteruccia, Flaminia Benton, Jason P. Crisanti, Andrea Benedict, Mark Q. Knols, Bart G. Robinson, Alan S. TI First Anopheles arabiensis germline transformation: Toward the development of a transgenic genetic sexing strain SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IAEA, Seibersdorf, Austria. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 222 BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900223 ER PT J AU Savage, HM AF Savage, Harry M. TI Oviposition activity patterns and West Nile virus infection rates for members of the Culex pipiens complex at different habitat-types within the hybrid zone, Shelby County, TN, 2002 (Diptera : Culicidae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 250 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900251 ER PT J AU Davidson, W Reynolds, M Curns, A Conover, C Huhn, G Davis, JP Wegner, M Croft, D Newman, A Obiesie, N Hansen, G Haynes, P Pantones, P Beard, B Teclaw, R Howell, J Braden, Z Holman, R Karem, K Damon, I AF Davidson, Whitni Reynolds, Mary Curns, Aaron Conover, Craig Huhn, Gregory Davis, Jeffrey P. Wegner, Mark Croft, Donita Newman, Alexandra Obiesie, Nkolika Hansen, Gail Haynes, Pat Pantones, Pam Beard, Brad Teclaw, Robert Howell, James Braden, Zachery Holman, Robert Karem, Kevin Damon, Inger TI Risk factors for monkeypox illness during an outbreak in the United States, 2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Rush Univ, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Topeka, KS USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 278 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900279 ER PT J AU Moore, A Edwards, EA Brown, MB Komar, N Brown, CR AF Moore, Amy Edwards, Eric A. Brown, Mary Bomberger Komar, Nicholas Brown, Charles R. TI Ecological correlates of Buggy Creek virus infection in Cimicid swallow bugs Oeciacus vicarius, Southwestern Nebraska, 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 280 BP 81 EP 82 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900281 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Sammons, SA Wohlhueter, RM AF Sulaiman, Irshad M. Sammons, Scott A. Wohlhueter, Robert M. TI Smallpox resequencing GeneChip hybridization can detect human cowpox virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 279 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900280 ER PT J AU Foster, J Moore, A Edwards, EA Komar, N Miller, KS Brown, CR AF Foster, Jerome Moore, Amy Edwards, Eric A. Komar, Nicholas Miller, Kenton S. Brown, Charles R. TI Multiplex real-time RT-PCR shows a weak relationship between plaque growth and virus concentration for Buggy Creek virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 281 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900282 ER PT J AU Pfeffer, M Foster, J Edwards, EA Brown, MB Komar, N Brown, CR AF Pfeffer, Martin Foster, Jerome Edwards, Eric A. Brown, Mary Bomberger Komar, Nicholas Brown, Charles R. TI Phylogenetic analysis of Buggy creek virus: Evidence for multiple clades in the Western Great Plains, USA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Bundeswehr Inst Microbiol, Munich, Germany. Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 282 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900283 ER PT J AU Akinyi, S Gaona, J Meyer, EV Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR Corredor, V AF Akinyi, Sheila Gaona, Jenny Meyer, Esmeralda V. Barnwell, John W. Galinski, Mary R. Corredor, Vladimir TI The evolution of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Plasmodium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Med, Dept Salud Publica, Bogota, Colombia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 298 BP 86 EP 87 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900299 ER PT J AU Jiang, JL Barnwell, JW Meyer, EV Galinski, MR AF Jiang, Jianlin Barnwell, John W. Meyer, Esmeralda V. Galinski, Mary R. TI Quantitative detection of transcripts of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-3 (PvMSP-3) eleven gene family members by real-time PCR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Chamblee, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 301 BP 87 EP 88 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900302 ER PT J AU Prather, DM Zhang, L Vanden Eng, J Kariuki, S Atkinson, P ter Kuile, F Hahlen, B Shi, YP Udhayakumar, V AF Prather, Donald M. Zhang, Lyna Vanden Eng, Jodi Kariuki, Simon Atkinson, Prescott ter Kuile, Feiko Hahlen, Bernard Shi, Ya Ping Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam TI Identification of genetic polymorphisms within the TNF alpha and complement pathways influencing resistance to malaria-associated severe anemia in Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 300 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900301 ER PT J AU Newton, PN Fernandez, F Green, M AF Newton, Paul N. Fernandez, Facundo Green, Michael TI Counterfeit artesunate and malaria in Asia and Africa SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mahosot Hosp, Viangchan, Laos. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 311 BP 90 EP 91 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900312 ER PT J AU Kim, AA Creek, T Lu, L Arvelo, W Mach, O Finkbeiner, T Zaks, L Davis, M Mazhani, L Masunge, J Purh, N Beard, S Johnston, S da Silva, A Bishop, H Bowen, A AF Kim, Andrea A. Creek, Tracy Lu, Lydia Arvelo, Wences Mach, Ondrej Finkbeiner, Thomas Zaks, Laurel Davis, Margaret Mazhani, Loeto Masunge, Japhter Purh, Nancy Beard, Suzanne Johnston, Stephanie da Silva, Alexandre Bishop, Henry Bowen, Anna TI Severe outbreak of diarrheal disease and acute malnutrition among young children - Botswana, 2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Botswana Minist Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. Ngwangwe Hosp, Francistown, Botswana. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 312 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900313 ER PT J AU Davenport, GC Were, T Ounah, D Awandare, GA K'Ogal, A Ong'echa, JM Perkins, DJ AF Davenport, Gregory C. Were, Tom Ounah, David Awandare, Gordon A. K'Ogal, Amos Ong'echa, John-Michael Perkins, Douglas J. TI Impact of bacteremia on hematological and parasitemic outcomes in Kenyan children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. American Samoa Dept Hlth, Pago Pago, AS USA. Pacif Program Eliminate Lymphat Filariasis, Tamavua, Fiji. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 344 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900345 ER PT J AU Liang, JL King, J Pa'au, M Ichimori, K Lammie, P AF Liang, Jennifer L. King, Jonathan Pa'au, Molisamoa Ichimori, Kazuyo Lammie, Patrick TI Prevalance of Lymphatic Filariasis in American Samoa after three years of improved social mobilization and mass drug administration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. American Samoa Dept Hlth, Pago Pago, AS USA. Pacif Program Eliminate Lymphat Filariasis, Tamavua, Fiji. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 345 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900346 ER PT J AU Talbot, J Viall, A Direny, A de Rochars, MB Addiss, D Streit, T Mathieu, E Lammie, P AF Talbot, Jeffrey Viall, Abigail Direny, Abdel de Rochars, Madsen Beau Addiss, David Streit, Thomas Mathieu, Els Lammie, Patrick TI Investigation of systematic noncompliance in the context of a mass drug administration program for lymphatic filariasis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ste Croix Hosp, Leogane, Haiti. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 349 BP 101 EP 102 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900350 ER PT J AU Levin, ML Troughton, DR AF Levin, Michael L. Troughton, Danielle R. TI Duration of tick attachment necessary for transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum to a susceptible vertebrate host SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 362 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900363 ER PT J AU Apperson, C Engber, B Nicholson, W Mead, D Yabsley, M Engel, J Daily, K Johnson, J Watson, W AF Apperson, Charles Engber, Barry Nicholson, William Mead, Danny Yabsley, Michael Engel, Jeffrey Daily, Kathy Johnson, Joey Watson, Wes TI Rickettsial diseases in North carolina: Is "Rickettsia amblyommii" a possible cause of rickettsiosis reported as rocky mountain spotted fever? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Raleigh, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Georgia, SE Coop Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. N Carolina Dept, Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 364 BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900365 ER PT J AU Mixson, TR AF Mixson, Tonya R. TI Demographic history and population structure of an emerging disease vector, Amblyomma americanum, and its potential coevolution with "Rickettsia amblyommii" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 363 BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900364 ER PT J AU Cama, VA Cabrera, L Pearson, J Ortega, Y Gilmans, R Xiao, LH AF Cama, Vitaliano A. Cabrera, Lilia Pearson, Julie Ortega, Ynes Gilmans, Robert Xiao, Lihua TI Confirmation of zoonotic transmission of Enterocytozoon bieneusi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC Atlanta Res & Educat Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Assoc Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 381 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900382 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Slodkowicz-Kowalska, A Tamang, L Jedrzejewski, S Nowosad, A Zduniak, P Solarczyk, P Girouard, A Majewska, H Visvesvara, G AF Graczyk, Thaddeus K. Slodkowicz-Kowalska, Anna Tamang, Leena Jedrzejewski, S. Nowosad, A. Zduniak, P. Solarczyk, P. Girouard, Autumn Majewska, Hanna Visvesvara, Govinda TI Microsporidia species known to infect humans are present in aquatic birds; Implications for transmission via water? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Karol Marcinkowski Univ Med Sci, Poznan, Poland. Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Poznan, Poland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 382 BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900383 ER PT J AU Qvarnstrom, YL Visvesvara, GS Sriram, R da Silva, AJ AF Qvarnstrom, Yvonne L. Visvesvara, Govinda S. Sriram, Rama da Silva, Alexandre J. TI A multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of free-living amebas in clinical specimens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Atlanta Res & Educat Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 385 BP 113 EP 113 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900386 ER PT J AU Gonzalvez, G Chero, JC Moyano, LM Bustos, JA Rodriguez, S Pretell, J Tsang, VC Gilman, RH Garcia, HH AF Gonzalvez, Guillermo Chero, Juan C. Moyano, Luz M. Bustos, Javier A. Rodriguez, Silvia Pretell, Javier Tsang, Victor C. Gilman, Robert H. Garcia, Hector H. CA Cysticercosis Working Grp in Peru TI Brain calcifications in 26% of general population in a cysticercosis-endemic village in Tumbes, Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Sch Sci & Cysticercosis Eliminat Project, Dept Microbiol, Tumbes, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Inst Especializado Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima, Peru. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Parasit Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 393 BP 115 EP 115 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900394 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, S Moyano, LM Jimenez, JA Gonzalvez, G Chero, JC Tsang, VC Gonzales, AE Gilman, RH Garcia, HH AF Rodriguez, Silvia Moyano, Luz M. Jimenez, Juan A. Gonzalvez, Guillermo Chero, Juan C. Tsang, Victor C. Gonzales, Armando E. Gilman, Robert H. Garcia, Hector H. CA Cysticercosis Working Grp in Peru TI Neurocysticercosis in T-solium tapeworm carriers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Inst Especializado Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Sch Sci & Cysticercosis Eliminat Project, Dept Microbiol, Tumbes, Peru. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Parasit Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 392 BP 115 EP 115 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900393 ER PT J AU Krebs, JW Mandel, EJ Swerdlow, DL AF Krebs, John W. Mandel, Eric J. Swerdlow, David L. TI Rocky mountain spotted fever in the United States, 2003-2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 402 BP 117 EP 118 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900403 ER PT J AU Handali, S Lee, YM Levine, M Hancock, K Gonzalez, AE Garcia, HH Tsang, VC AF Handali, Sukwan Lee, Yeuk-Mui Levine, Min Hancock, Kathy Gonzalez, Armando E. Garcia, Hector H. Tsang, Victor C. TI Development a superparamagnetic immunochromatographic test for cysticercosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta Res & Educat Fdn, Chamblee, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Lima 14, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 409 BP 119 EP 120 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900410 ER PT J AU Manzanedo, R Sanchez-Hidalgo, L Gavidia, C Gonzalez, A Silva, M Rodriguez, S Garcia, H Gilman, R Tsang, V AF Manzanedo, Rafael Sanchez-Hidalgo, Lelia Gavidia, Cesar Gonzalez, Armando Silva, Maria Rodriguez, Silvia Garcia, Hugo Gilman, Robert Tsang, Victor TI Study of pig cysticercosis in an industrialized farm using electroimmunotransfer blot (EITB) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Fac Vet Med, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Fac Med Vet, Surco, Peru. Inst Ciencias Neurol Santo Toribio Monrovejo, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 410 BP 120 EP 120 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900411 ER PT J AU McAuliffe, IT Allan, JC Buezo, SR Garcia, HH Gonzalez, AE Handali, S Pattabhi, S Tsang, V AF McAuliffe, Isabel T. Allan, James C. Buezo, Silvia R. Garcia, Hector H. Gonzalez, Armando E. Handali, Sukwan Pattabhi, Sowmya Tsang, Victor TI Development of an automated coproantigen assay using the triturus analyzer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta Res & Educat Fdn, Chamblee, GA USA. Univ Salford, Cestode Zoonoses Res Grp, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Inst Ciencias Neurol, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 413 BP 120 EP 121 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900414 ER PT J AU Moser, MA Johnston, SP Bishop, H Long, E Eberhard, M da Silva, AJ AF Moser, Melanie A. Johnston, Stephanie P. Bishop, Henry Long, Earl Eberhard, Mark da Silva, Alexandre J. TI Usefulness of telediagnosis in confirmatory laboratory diagnosis of cases of parasitic infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta Res & Educat Fdn, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Div Parasit Dis, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 433 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900434 ER PT J AU Lu, L Mach, O Creek, T Zaks, L Arvelo, W Kim, A Finkbeiner, T Davis, M Bowen, A AF Lu, Lydia Mach, Ondrej Creek, Tracy Zaks, Laurel Arvelo, Wences Kim, Andrea Finkbeiner, Thomas Davis, Margarett Bowen, Anna TI Community use and impact of a supplemental weaning food during a diarrhea and malnutrition outbreak - Botswana, 2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 437 BP 128 EP 128 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900438 ER PT J AU Qvarnstrom, YL Moura, I Frazar, C Orlandi, PA da Silva, AJ AF Qvarnstrom, Yvonne L. Moura, Iaci Frazar, Christian Orlandi, Palmer A. da Silva, Alexandre J. TI Comparison of real-time PCR protocols for detection of cyclospora cayetanensis in stool samples SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Laurel, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 453 BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900454 ER PT J AU Ramos, MM Beatty, M Ayala, A Quinones, L Withum, D Munoz, J Sosa, I Santiago, G Garcia-Rivera, EJ AF Ramos, Mary M. Beatty, Mark Ayala, Aurimar Quinones, Luz Withum, David Munoz, Jorge Sosa, Iris Santiago, Gilberto Garcia-Rivera, Enid J. TI Under-reporting of dengue fever in Puerto Rico: Results from enhanced dengue surveillance-Patillas, Puerto Rico, June 2005 January 2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, San Juan, PR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 468 BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900469 ER PT J AU Thibodeaux, BA Roehrig, JT AF Thibodeaux, Brett A. Roehrig, John T. TI Development of murine-human chimeric antibodies for use in calibration of serologic tests for arboviruses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 475 BP 139 EP 139 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900476 ER PT J AU Dorkenoo, M Sodahlon, YK Morgah, K Mathieu, E AF Dorkenoo, Monique Sodahlon, Yao K. Morgah, Kodjo Mathieu, Els TI Is it possible to confirm lack of lymphatic filariasis transmission in Togo through national laboratory surveillance? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Minist Hlth, Lome, Togo. Minist Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 482 BP 140 EP 141 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900483 ER PT J AU Korir, C Fedanov, A Lapp, SA Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR AF Korir, Cindy Fedanov, Andrew Lapp, Stacey A. Barnwell, John W. Galinski, Mary R. TI Proteomic insights into the make-up of P-vivax and P-knowlesi blood stage parasites SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Chamblee, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 521 BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900522 ER PT J AU Semenya, AA Meyer, EV Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR AF Semenya, Amma A. Meyer, Esmeralda V. Barnwell, John W. Galinski, Mary R. TI Determination of the necessity and role of Plasmodium vivax related proteins in merozoite invasion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Chamblee, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 524 BP 153 EP 153 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900525 ER PT J AU Grady, KK Huber, CS Bubb, M Bell, D Barnwell, JW AF Grady, Katharine K. Huber, Curtis S. Bubb, Martin Bell, David Barnwell, John W. TI Development of an aldolase capture elisa for use in quality control of malaria rapid diagnostic tests and measuring parasite growth in-vitro SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Bioprod Inst, Pinetown, South Africa. World Hlth Org WPRO, Manila, Philippines. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 534 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900535 ER PT J AU Wilkins, E Howell, PI Benedict, MQ AF Wilkins, Elizabeth Howell, Paul I. Benedict, Mark Q. TI Observations of Anopheles gambiae with mixed rDNA arrays containing both Mopti and Savanna types SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Res & Reference Reagent Resource Ctr, Chamblee, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 586 BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901021 ER PT J AU Wilkins, E Smith, SC Benedict, MQ AF Wilkins, Elizabeth Smith, Stephen C. Benedict, Mark Q. TI Field-ready method for detecting rubidium-marked anophelene mosquitoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Res & Reference Reagent Resource Ctr, Chamblee, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 598 BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901033 ER PT J AU Apperson, CS Hassan, HK Gordon, E Aggarwal, D Unnasch, EA Anderson, M Unnasch, TR AF Apperson, Charles S. Hassan, K. Hassan Gordon, Emily Aggarwal, Deepak Unnasch, Emily A. Anderson, Michael Unnasch, Thomas R. TI Host choice in mosquitoes collected in a Peri-urban area of Western Tennessee, 2002-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Memphis Cty Vector Control, Memphis, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 605 BP 175 EP 175 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901040 ER PT J AU Gatei, W Hart, CA Mbae, C Wamae, N Mulinge, E Nderitu, M Kamwati, SK Revathi, G Xiao, LH AF Gatei, Wangeci Hart, C. A. Mbae, C. Wamae, N. Mulinge, E. Nderitu, M. Kamwati, S. K. Revathi, G. Xiao, Lihua TI Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in children in Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Natl Hosp, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 625 BP 180 EP 180 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901060 ER PT J AU Mao, L Cama, VA Cabrera, L Ortega, Y Pearson, J Gilman, R AF Mao, Lihua Cama, Vitaliano A. Cabrera, Lilia Ortega, Ynes Pearson, Julie Gilman, Robert TI Direct transmission of Cryptosporidium canis between children and a dog SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept EducFdn, Atlanta, GA USA. PRISMA, Asociac Benefica, Lima, Peru. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 624 BP 180 EP 180 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901059 ER PT J AU Ni, HL Yun, YE Zacks, MA Weaver, SC Tesh, RB Travassos da Rosa, AP Powers, AM Frolov, I Paessler, S AF Ni, Haolin Yun, E. Yun Zacks, Michele A. Weaver, Scott C. Tesh, Robert B. Travassos da Rosa, Amelia P. Powers, Ann M. Frolov, Ilya Paessler, Slobodan TI Recombinant alphaviruses are safe and useful serological diagnostic tools SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 638 BP 184 EP 184 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901073 ER PT J AU Trindade, G Emerson, G Frace, M Sammons, S Olsen-Rasmussen, M Karen, K Carroll, D Li, Y Regnery, R Kroon, E Damon, I AF Trindade, Gilliane Emerson, Ginny Frace, Mike Sammons, Scott Olsen-Rasmussen, Melissa Karen, Kevin Carroll, Darin Li, Yu Regnery, Russell Kroon, Erna Damon, Inger TI Comparative analysis of Brazilian Vaccinia virus strains SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ICB UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 636 BP 184 EP 184 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901071 ER PT J AU Meyers, AF Hazelton, P Ebihara, H Vincent, MJ Nichol, ST Feldmann, H Artsob, H AF Meyers, Adrienne F. Hazelton, Paul Ebihara, Hideki Vincent, Martin J. Nichol, Stuart T. Feldmann, Heinz Artsob, Harvey TI A role for the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) nucleoprotein in mediating particle assembly and release SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Manitoba, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Saitama, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 665 BP 192 EP 192 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901100 ER PT J AU Causer, LM Malila, A Williams, HA Metta, E O'Reilly, T Kachur, SP Bloland, PB AF Causer, Louise M. Malila, Aggrey Williams, Holly A. Metta, Emmy O'Reilly, Terrence Kachur, S. Patrick Bloland, Peter B. TI Evaluation of impact of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) on healthcare worker prescribing practices - Tanzania, March 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ifara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 670 BP 193 EP 194 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901105 ER PT J AU Williams, HA Metta, E Causer, LM Malila, A O'Reilly, T Kachur, SP Bloland, PB AF Williams, Holly A. Metta, Emmy Causer, Louise M. Malila, Aggrey O'Reilly, Terrence Kachur, S. Patrick Bloland, Peter B. TI Acceptance and usage of malaria rapid diagnostic tests at dispensary level by prescribers and patients - Tanzania, March 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 671 BP 194 EP 194 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901106 ER PT J AU Williams, HA Makou, R O'Reilly, T Reza, A Wirtz, R AF Williams, Holly A. Makou, Raufou O'Reilly, Terrence Reza, Avid Wirtz, Robert TI Rapid assessments of malaria control strategies in Tanzanian refugee camps - January 2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. UN High Commisioner Refugees, Kibondo, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 676 BP 195 EP 196 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901111 ER PT J AU Hutson, CL Olson, VA Carroll, DS Abell, JA Osorio, JE Dillon, M Karem, K Damon, IK Regnery, RL AF Hutson, Christina L. Olson, Victoria A. Carroll, Darin S. Abell, Jason A. Osorio, Jorge E. Dillon, Michael Karem, Kevin Damon, Inger K. Regnery, Russell L. TI Evaluation of a prairie dog animal model for monkeypox virus infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 680 BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901115 ER PT J AU Smith, SC Joshi, UB Grabowsky, M Selanikio, J Nobiya, T Aapore, T AF Smith, Stephen C. Joshi, Uday B. Grabowsky, Mark Selanikio, Joel Nobiya, Theresa Aapore, Thomas TI How long do bednets last? Evaluation of bednets retrieved from northwest Ghana after 38 months of household use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Atlanta Res & Educat Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Geneva, Switzerland. Data Dyne, Washington, DC USA. Ghana Red Cross, Accra, Ghana. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 692 BP 200 EP 200 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901127 ER PT J AU Sangsuk, L Carvalho, MD Jornrakate, P Kaewpan, A Salika, P Prapasiri, P Beall, B Peruski, L AF Sangsuk, Leelaowadee da Gloria Carvalho, Maria Jornrakate, Possawat Kaewpan, Anek Salika, Prasert Prapasiri, Prabda Beall, Bernard Peruski, Leonard TI Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from disseminated disease in rural Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Thailand MOPH, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emerging Infect Program, Bangkok, Thailand. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 699 BP 201 EP 202 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901134 ER PT J AU Reporter, R Anglim, A VanGordon, G Gonzalez, A Hu, R Davis, R Janusz, A O'Rullian, B Mascola, L AF Reporter, Roshan Anglim, Anne VanGordon, Gail Gonzalez, Anthony Hu, Renjie Davis, Richard Janusz, Aimee O'Rullian, Bill Mascola, Laurene TI A case of bubonic plague in urban Los Angeles SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Ontario, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Niporno, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Kern Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Bakersfield, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 701 BP 202 EP 202 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901136 ER PT J AU Piccinali, RV Marcet, PL Noireau, F Gurtler, RE Kitron, U Dotson, EM AF Piccinali, Romina V. Marcet, Paula L. Noireau, Francois Gurtler, Ricardo E. Kitron, Uriel Dotson, Ellen M. TI Genetic variability, population structure and phylogeography of Argentinian and other SouthAmerican Triatoma infestans populations based on COI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Rech Dev, BR-20001 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Chamblee, GA USA. RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 738 BP 213 EP 214 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901173 ER PT J AU Moro, PL Cavero, CA Tambini, M Cabrera, L AF Moro, Pedro L. Cavero, Carlos A. Tambini, Moises Cabrera, Lilia TI Risk factors for cystic echinococcosis in Peruvian patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OSCO, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hosp Nacl Hipolito Unanue, Lima, Peru. AB Prisma, Lima, Peru. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 752 BP 218 EP 218 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901187 ER PT J AU Narayanan, J da Silva, AJ Moura, I Qvarnstrom, YL Johnston, SP Hill, VR AF Narayanan, Jothikumar da Silva, Alexandre J. Moura, Iaci Qvarnstrom, Yvonne L. Johnston, Stephanie P. Hill, Vincent R. TI Simultaneous detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis by using taqman (R) assays SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 758 BP 219 EP 220 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901193 ER PT J AU Ortiz, JR Wallis, TR Katz, MA Berman, LS Balish, A Lindstrom, SE Viguilla, V Teates, KS Katz, JM Klimov, A Uyeki, TM AF Ortiz, Justin R. Wallis, Teresa R. Katz, Mark A. Berman, LaShondra S. Balish, Amanda Lindstrom, Stephen E. Viguilla, Vic Teates, Kathryn S. Katz, Jacqueline M. Klimov, Alexander Uyeki, Timothy M. TI A high proportion of suspected US cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) have human influenza A infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 756 BP 219 EP 219 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901191 ER PT J AU Allweiss, P AF Allweiss, Pamela TI A little sugar goes a long way. Traveling with diabetes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabetes Translat, Lexington, KY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 774 BP 223 EP 223 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901209 ER PT J AU Hunsperger, EA Vergne, E Beltran, M AF Hunsperger, Elizabeth A. Vergne, Edgardo Beltran, Manuela TI Multiplex dengue TaqMan assay (DEN1-4) for the diagnosis of acute dengue secondary infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 802 BP 231 EP 232 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901237 ER PT J AU Hunsperger, EA Beatty, M Long, E Clark, G AF Hunsperger, Elizabeth A. Beatty, Mark Long, Earl Clark, Gary CA Gonaives Haiti Res Team TI Post hurricane Jeanne mosquito borne infectious disease surveillance and human West Nile virus infection in Haiti in 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 813 BP 234 EP 235 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901248 ER PT J AU Samayoa, B Palacios, JF Rivera, BE Raxcacoj, G Benjamin, L Fridkin, S Brandt, M Arathoon, E Morgan, J AF Samayoa, Blanca Palacios, Juan F. Rivera, Blanca E. Raxcacoj, Gabriela Benjamin, Lynette Fridkin, Scott Brandt, Mary Arathoon, Eduardo Morgan, Juliette TI Disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS patients in Guatemala: Preliminary results from a symptomatic patient cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Familiar Luis Angel Garcia, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 825 BP 238 EP 238 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901260 ER PT J AU Semenya, AA Korir, C Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR AF Semenya, Amma A. Korir, Cindy Barnwell, John W. Galinski, Mary R. TI Identification of novel Plasmodium knowlesi and P-vivax merozoite proteins SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 840 BP 242 EP 242 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901275 ER PT J AU Khalil, R Korir, C Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR AF Khalil, Rayane Korir, Cindy Barnwell, John W. Galinski, Mary R. TI Proteomics defines specific Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi infected erythrocyte membrane antigens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 845 BP 243 EP 243 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901280 ER PT J AU Meyer, EV Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR AF Meyer, Esmeralda V. Barnwell, John W. Galinski, Mary R. TI Apical oriented merozoite proteins with EGF-like domains upstream from the MSP-1 gene are uniquely expressed in P-vivax and P-knowlesi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Chamblee, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 844 BP 243 EP 243 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901279 ER PT J AU Dluzewski, AR Meyer, EV Semenya, AA Barnwell, JW Hopkins, JM Mitchel, GH Bannister, LH Galinski, MR AF Dluzewski, Anton R. Meyer, Esmeralda V. Semenya, Amma A. Barnwell, John W. Hopkins, John M. Mitchel, Graham H. Bannister, Lawrence H. Galinski, Mary R. TI Immuno-electronmicroscopy of malaria merozoite invasion into red blood cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Kings Coll London, Guys Hosp, Dept Immunobiol, GKT Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Chamblee, GA USA. Kings Coll London, Dept Immunobiol, Guys Hosp, GKT Sch Med, London WC2R 2LS, England. Kings Coll London, Dept Anat & Human Sci, GKT Sch Biomed Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 848 BP 244 EP 244 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901283 ER PT J AU Moore, JM Owino, S Vulule, J Slutsker, L Udhayakumar, V Shi, YP AF Moore, Julie M. Owino, Simon Vulule, John Slutsker, Laurence Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Shi, Ya Ping TI Memory T cells accumulate in the placentae of malaria-infected women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Maseno Univ, Maseno, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 894 BP 258 EP 258 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901329 ER PT J AU Hume, J Licht, M Simard, F Besansky, N Lehmann, T AF Hume, Jen Licht, Monica Simard, Fred Besansky, Nora Lehmann, Tovi TI Molecular evolution of immune genes in members of the Anopheles gambiae complex SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIAID, Rockville, MD USA. NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. IRD, Yaounde, Cameroon. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI SIMARD, Frederic/J-9489-2016 OI SIMARD, Frederic/0000-0002-2871-5329 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 913 BP 263 EP 263 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901348 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, RH Galardo, AK Lounibos, LP Arruda, M Wirtz, RA AF Zimmerman, Robert H. Galardo, Allan K. Lounibos, L. P. Arruda, Mercia Wirtz, Robert A. TI Vector incrimination of Anopheles in three rural riverine villages in the Brazilian Amazon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Gainesville, FL USA. Natl Hlth Fdn FUNASA, Macapa, Brazil. Univ Florida, IFAS, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL USA. Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Dept Immunol, Recife, PE, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 934 BP 268 EP 269 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901369 ER PT J AU Yang, W Gilman, R Cama, V Bern, C Cabrera, L Ortega, Y Gatei, W Xiao, L AF Yang, Wenli Gilman, Robert Cama, Vitaliano Bern, Caryn Cabrera, Lilia Ortega, Ynes Gatei, Wangeci Xiao, Lihua TI Multilocus sequence typing of Cryptosporidium meleagridis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Asociac Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S BP 271 EP 272 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901380 ER PT J AU Kucerova, Z Moss, DM Visvesvara, GS Secor, WE AF Kucerova, Zuzana Moss, Delynn M. Visvesvara, Govinda S. Secor, W. Evan TI Immunoblot analysis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi specific proteins - Investigation of diagnostic markers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 947 BP 272 EP 272 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901382 ER PT J AU Ortega, YR Cama, VA Robertson, A Mann, A Cabrera, L Taquiri, C Xiao, L Gilman, RH AF Ortega, Ynes R. Cama, Vitaliano A. Robertson, Adam Mann, Amy Cabrera, Lilia Taquiri, Carmen Xiao, Lihua Gilman, Robert H. TI Detection of oocysts of Cyclospora cayetanensis in humans, dogs and sewer samples SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DPD, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. AB Prisma, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RI Mann, Adrian/A-3992-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 948 BP 272 EP 272 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901383 ER PT J AU Steele, LN Chenine, AL Augostini, P Shai-Kobiler, E Ruprecht, RM Secor, WE AF Steele, Lisa N. Chenine, Agnes-Laurence Augostini, Peter Shai-Kobiler, Ela Ruprecht, Ruth M. Secor, W. Evan TI Increased expression of chemokine receptors and activation markers on CD4(+) T cells during schistosome infection is associated with enhanced SHIV replication in co-infected macaques SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 954 BP 274 EP 274 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901389 ER PT J AU Bosio, CF Pierro, DJ Keene, KM Roeper, BA Logue, CH Powers, AM Olson, KE AF Bosio, Christopher F. Pierro, Dennis J. Keene, Kimberly M. Roeper, Brooke A. Logue, Christopher H. Powers, Ann M. Olson, Kenneth E. TI Variation in virulence of different low-passage isolates of WEEV and HJV in an outbred mouse model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 960 BP 275 EP 275 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901395 ER PT J AU Pierro, DJ Bosio, CF Keene, KM Roeper, BA Logue, CH Powers, AM Olson, KE AF Pierro, Dennis J. Bosio, Christopher F. Keene, Kimberly M. Roeper, Brooke A. Logue, Christopher H. Powers, Ann M. Olson, Ken E. TI A human isolate of WEEV is highly virulent in mice but has diminished mosquito competence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 965 BP 277 EP 277 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901400 ER PT J AU Ganley-Leal, LM Mwinzi, P Hightower, A Karanja, D Colley, D Wetzler, L Secor, WE AF Ganley-Leal, Lisa M. Mwinzi, Pauline Hightower, Alan Karanja, Diana Colley, Daniel Wetzler, Lee Secor, W. Evan TI Human CD23+ B cells are associated with protection against reinfection by Schistosoma mansoni SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Stat & Data Management Branch, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 969 BP 278 EP 278 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901404 ER PT J AU Keen, J Serghides, L Ayi, K Patel, SN Ayisi, J van Eijk, A Steketee, R Udhayakumar, V Kain, KC AF Keen, Jessica Serghides, Lena Ayi, Kodjo Patel, Samir N. Ayisi, John van Eijk, Annemieke Steketee, Richard Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Kain, Kevin C. TI HIV infection impairs phagocytic clearance of placental malaria variants: Implications for pregnancy-associated malaria in co-infected women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Hlth Network, McLaughlin Rotman Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Hlth Network, McLaughlin Ctr Mol Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 975 BP 280 EP 280 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901410 ER PT J AU Jain, V Armah, H Tongren, JE Ned, R Joel, PK Singh, MP Nagpal, AC Udhayakumar, V Singh, N Stiles, JK AF Jain, Vidhan Armah, Henry Tongren, Jon E. Ned, Renee Joel, Pradeep K. Singh, Mrigendra P. Nagpal, Avinash C. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Singh, Neeru Stiles, Jonathan K. TI Prognostic predictors of cerebral malaria severity and associated neurological disorders in India SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Malaria Res Ctr, RCMR, Jabalpur, India. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Ned, Renee/D-3746-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 991 BP 284 EP 285 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901426 ER PT J AU Levy, MZ Kawai, V Bowman, NM Cabrera, L Waller, LA Cordova, E Cornejo del Carpio, J Gilman, RH Bern, C AF Levy, Michael Z. Kawai, Vivian Bowman, Natalie M. Cabrera, Lilia Waller, Lance A. Cordova, Eleazar Cornejo del Carpio, Juan Gilman, Robert H. Bern, Caryn TI Identifying Chagas disease infection in children during a spray campaign SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Philadelphia, PA 30322 USA. Assoc Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA USA. Arequipa Regional Office Minist Hlth, Arequipa, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 1026 BP 295 EP 295 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901461 ER PT J AU Kun, H Moore, AM Mascola, L Kubak, B Radhakrishna, S Steurer, F Lawrence, G Leiby, D Mone, T Mone, T Hunter, R Kuehnert, M AF Kun, Heather Moore, Anne M. Mascola, Laurene Kubak, Bernard Radhakrishna, Suman Steurer, Francis Lawrence, Gena Leiby, David Mone, Tom Mone, Tom Hunter, Robert Kuehnert, Matthew TI Trypanosoma cruzi in two heart transplant recipients - Los Angeles, California 2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Amer Red Cross Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv Biolog, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 1038 BP 299 EP 299 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901473 ER PT J AU Sutthiratana, S Loftis, AD Sitdhirasd, A Dasch, GA Wongjindanon, W Fisk, TL Dowell, SL Olsen, SJ Peruski, LF AF Sutthiratana, Saithip Loftis, Amanda D. Sitdhirasd, Anussorn Dasch, Gregory A. Wongjindanon, Wanna Fisk, Tamara L. Dowell, Scott L. Olsen, Sonja J. Peruski, Leonard F. TI Rickettsioses in rural Thailand: Risk factors and clinical discriminators SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Thailand MOPH US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collab, Nonthaburi, Thailand. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth, Off Permanent Secretary, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 1039 BP 299 EP 300 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901474 ER PT J AU Wilson, M Johnston, S Slemenda, S Won, K Sanders-Lewis, K Bishop, H da Silva, AJ Pieniazek, NJ Young, C Herwaldt, B AF Wilson, Marianna Johnston, Stephanie Slemenda, Susan Won, Kimberly Sanders-Lewis, Kolby Bishop, Henry da Silva, Alexandre J. Pieniazek, Norman J. Young, Carolyn Herwaldt, Barbara TI Laboratory investigation of donors involved in Babesia microti infections acquired by blood transfusion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Rhode Isl Blood Ctr, Providence, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 1037 BP 299 EP 299 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901472 ER PT J AU Lydy, SL Eremeeva, ME Asnis, DS Nicholson, WL Paddock, CD Silverman, DJ Dasch, GA AF Lydy, Shari L. Eremeeva, Marina E. Asnis, Deborah S. Nicholson, William L. Paddock, Christopher D. Silverman, David J. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Isolation and characterization of Bartonella bacilliformis from an expatriate Ecuadorian SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Flushing Hosp Med Ctr, Flushing, NY USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 1065 BP 307 EP 307 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901500 ER PT J AU Rollins, SM Peppercorn, A Young, J Drysdale, M Baresch-Bernal, A Bikowski, M Ashford, D Quinn, C Hillman, J Handfield, M Lyons, R Koehler, T Calderwood, SB Ryan, ET AF Rollins, Sean M. Peppercorn, Amanda Young, John Drysdale, Melissa Baresch-Bernal, Andrea Bikowski, Margaret Ashford, David Quinn, Conrad Hillman, Jeffrey Handfield, Martin Lyons, Rick Koehler, Theresa Calderwood, Stephen B. Ryan, Edward T. TI The identification of in vivo induced protein antigens during Bacillus Anthracis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Hearing Sci, Albuquerque, NM USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 1067 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901502 ER PT J AU Skarbinski, J Massaga, JJ Rowe, AK Bloland, PB Kachur, SP AF Skarbinski, Jacek Massaga, Julius J. Rowe, Alexander K. Bloland, Peter B. Kachur, S. Patrick TI Distribution of free bednets bundled with insecticide via an integrated child health campaign-Lindi Region, Tanzania, 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Enhancement Effect Malaria Intervent, Gates Malaria Partnership, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 1075 BP 310 EP 311 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901510 ER PT J AU Jain, S Lan, NTP Tai, DT Rang, NN La, TTP Bird, M Dolecek, C Van Sach, N Bang, BX Mintz, ED Cam, PD Ram, PK AF Jain, Seema Lan, Nguyen Thi Phong Tai, Diep The Rang, Nguyen Ngoc La, Tran Thi Phi Bird, Michele Dolecek, Christiane Van Sach, Nguyen Bang, Bui Xuan Mintz, Eric D. Cam, Phung Dac Ram, Pavani K. TI An evaluation of a rapid serodiagnostic test for typhoid fever - An giang, Vietnam 2005-2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Inst Pasteur, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. An Giang Province Hosp, An Giang, Vietnam. Univ Oxford, Hosp Trop Dis, Clin Res Unit, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 1086 BP 314 EP 314 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901521 ER PT J AU Hall, KA Newton, PN Green, MD De Veij, M Vandenabeele, P Pizzanelli, D Mayxay, M Dondorp, A Fernandez, FM AF Hall, Krystyn Alter Newton, Paul N. Green, Michael D. De Veij, Marleen Vandenabeele, Peter Pizzanelli, David Mayxay, Mayfong Dondorp, Arjen Fernandez, Facundo M. TI Characterization of counterfeit artesunate antimalarial tablets from southeast Asia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL; MALARIA; DRUGS; MEDICATION; EPIDEMIC; MURDER; TIME AB In southeast Asia, the widespread high prevalence of counterfeits tablets of the vital antimalarial artesunate is of great public health concern. To assess the seriousness of this problem, we quantified the amount of active ingredient present in artesunate tablets by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. This method, in conjunction with analysis of the packaging, classified tablets as genuine, substandard, or fake and validated results of the colorimetric Fast Red TR test. Eight (35%) of 23 fake artesunate samples contained the wrong active ingredients, which were identified as different erythromycins and paracetamol. Raman spectroscopy identified calcium carbonate as an excipient in 9 (39%) of 23 fake samples. Multivariate unsupervised pattern recognition results indicated two major clusters of artesunate counterfeits, those with counterfeit foil stickers and containing calcium carbonate, erythromycin, and paracetamol, and those with counterfeit holograms and containing starch but without evidence of erythromycin or paracetamol. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp, Oxford Trop Med Res Collaborat, Microbiol Lab, Vietiane, Laos. Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Ghent, Analyt Chem Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Light Impress Intl, Surrey, England. Mahidol Univ, Wellcome Trust Mahidol Univ, Oxford Trop Med Res Program, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RP Fernandez, FM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, 770 State St, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM facundo.fernandez@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008; Vandenabeele, Peter/B-8904-2017 OI Vandenabeele, Peter/0000-0001-5285-9835 FU Wellcome Trust NR 30 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 BP 804 EP 811 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 107RQ UT WOS:000242189100007 PM 17123969 ER PT J AU Hochberg, N Michel, MC Lammie, PJ Mathieu, E Direny, AN De Rochars, MB Addiss, DG AF Hochberg, Natasha Michel, Marie C. Lammie, Patrick J. Mathieu, Els Direny, Abdel N. De Rochars, Madsen Beau Addiss, David G. TI Symptoms reported after mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in Leogane, Haiti SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI MICROFILAREMIA; ELIMINATION PROGRAMS; ADVERSE-REACTIONS; BRUGIA-TIMORI; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; ALBENDAZOLE; IVERMECTIN; INFECTION; EFFICACY; COMBINATION AB Mass drug administration (MDA) for lymphatic filariasis (LF) can cause adverse reactions from microfilariat and adult worm death. Symptoms after the fifth annual MDA in Leogane, Haiti, were studied to determine whether they resulted from parasite death. Persons reporting post-MDA systemic symptoms at 5 of 148 drug distribution posts and men reporting scrotal pain at any post were interviewed. Participants were tested with immunochromatographic tests (ICTs), and men with scrotal symptoms were examined. At the five posts, 3,781 persons took anti-filarial medication. Of these, 314 (8%) returned with symptoms; the most common were headache (36%) and gastrointestinal complaints (28%). Of the 294 (94%) who consented to ICT testing, 47 (16%) were positive. Of 69 men with scrotal symptoms who consented to ICT testing, 18 (26.1%) were positive. After Leogane's fifth MDA, most symptomatic persons had undetectable levels of filarial antigen by ICT. Free symptomatic treatment may motivate some people to report symptoms and seek care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hosp St Croix, Leogane, Haiti. RP Hochberg, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM natasha_hochberg@post.harvard.edu; mmichel@nd.edu; pjl1@cdc.gov; emm7@cdc.gov; adireny@nd.edu; mbeauder@nd.edu; dga1@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 BP 928 EP 932 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 107RQ UT WOS:000242189100027 PM 17123989 ER PT J AU Isaza, R Davis, RD Moore, SM Briggs, DJ AF Isaza, Ramiro Davis, Rolan D. Moore, Susan M. Briggs, Deborah J. TI Results of vaccination of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) with monovalent inactivated rabies vaccine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-TITERS; CATTLE; VIRUS; BATS AB Objective-To evaluate the humoral immune response of Asian elephants to a primary IM vaccination with either 1 or 2 doses of a commercially available inactivated rabies virus vaccine and evaluate the anamnestic response to a 1-dose booster vaccination. Animals-16 captive Asian elephants. Procedures-Elephants with no known prior rabies vaccinations were assigned into 2 treatment groups of 8 elephants; 1 group received 1 dose of vaccine, and the other group received 2 doses of vaccine 9 days apart. All elephants received one or two 4-mL IM injections of a monovalent inactivated rabies virus vaccine. Blood was collected prior to vaccination (day 0) and on days 9, 35, 112, and 344. All elephants received 1 booster dose of vaccine on day 344, and a final blood sample was taken 40 days later (day 384). Serum was tested for rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies by use of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. Results-All elephants were seronegative prior to vaccination. There were significant differences in the rabies geometric mean titers between the 2 elephant groups at days 35, 112, and 202. Both groups had a strong anamnestic response 40 days after the booster given at day 344. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results confirmed the ability of Asian elephants to develop a humoral immune response after vaccination with a commercially available monovalent inactivated rabies virus vaccine and the feasibility of instituting a rabies virus vaccination program for elephants that are in frequent contact with humans. A 2-dose series of rabies virus vaccine should provide an adequate antibody response in elephants, and annual boosters should maintain the antibody response in this species. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Isaza, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 67 IS 11 BP 1934 EP 1936 DI 10.2460/ajvr.67.11.1934 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 105OG UT WOS:000242039400019 PM 17078758 ER PT J AU Briliman, J AF Briliman, Judith TI Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome-five states, 2006 SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; RESERVOIR; DISEASE C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Olive View Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Briliman, J (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 48 IS 5 BP 593 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.09-012 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 101OF UT WOS:000241749400015 PM 17061318 ER PT J AU Hall, HI McDavid, K Ling, Q Sloggett, A AF Hall, H. Irene McDavid, Kathleen Ling, Qiang Sloggett, Andrew TI Determinants of progression to AIDS or death after HIV diagnosis, United States, 1996 to 2001 SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); survival ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RELATIVE SURVIVAL; INFECTED PATIENTS; ERA; SEROCONVERSION; INDIVIDUALS; ADULTS; RATES; CARE AB PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to determine factors associated with disease progression after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection diagnosis. METHODS: We applied generalized linear models with Poisson errors to obtain adjusted relative excess risk for death for persons diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or HIV infection (with or without concurrent AIDS) during 1996 to 2001. We examined differences in time between HIV diagnosis and AIDS by using standardized Kaplan-Meier survival methods. RESULTS: Relative excess risk for death within 3 years after AIDS diagnosis was significantly greater for non-Hispanic blacks (1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.18), American Indians (1.33; 95% CI, 1.16-1.52), and Hispanics (1.16; 95% CI, 1.13-1.20) compared with whites. Risk for death also was greater among injection drug users (men, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.46-1.54; women, 1.57; 95% Cl, 1.51-1.62) compared with men who have sex with men and among those diagnosed at older ages compared with younger persons. Similar disparities between groups in risk for death were observed from HIV diagnosis. Risk for progression from HIV to AIDS was greater for nonwhites, men, and older persons compared with whites, women, and younger persons, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions should target those at excess risk for death or morbidity to ensure access to quality care and adherence to treatment to slow disease progression. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Ctr Populat Studies, London, England. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ixh1@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 16 IS 11 BP 824 EP 833 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.01.009 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 110NZ UT WOS:000242386900005 PM 17067817 ER PT J AU Cole, JW Mez, JB Naj, AC O'Connell, JR Stine, OC Mitchell, BD Gallagher, M Giles, WH Wozniak, MA Stern, BJ Macko, RF Reinhart, LJ Kittner, SJ AF Cole, John W. Mez, Jesse B. Naj, Adam C. O'Connell, Jeffrey R. Stine, O. Colin Mitchell, Braxton D. Gallagher, Margaret Giles, Wayne H. Wozniak, Marcella A. Stern, Barney J. Macko, Richard F. Reinhart, Laurie J. Kittner, Steven J. TI Thrombomodulin Polymorphisms and the risk of cerebral infarction in a biracial population: The stroke prevention in young women study SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 131st Annual Meeting of the American-Neurological-Association CY OCT 08-11, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Neurol Assoc C1 Vet Adm Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. John Hopkins Bloomberg, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 60 IS 5 BP 637 EP 637 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 112RQ UT WOS:000242545100061 ER PT J AU Lee, EK Maheshwary, S Mason, J Glisson, W AF Lee, Eva K. Maheshwary, Siddhartha Mason, Jacquelyn Glisson, William TI Decision support system for mass dispensing of medications for infectious disease outbreaks and bioterrorist attacks SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioterrorism; infectious disease; decision support system; simulation; optimization; Anthrax; smallpox; emergency response; resource allocation ID RELIABLE PRODUCTION LINES; EMERGENCY RESPONSE; BUFFER ALLOCATION; PART 1; SMALLPOX; MANAGEMENT; READINESS; BLOCKING; ANTHRAX AB A simulation and decision support system, RealOpt(C) for planning large-scale emergency dispensing clinics to respond to biological threats and infectious disease outbreaks is described. The system allows public health administrators to investigate clinic design and staffing scenarios quickly. RealOpt(C) incorporates efficient optimization technology seamlessly interfaced with a simulation module. The system's correctness and computational advantage are validated via comparisons against simulation runs of the same model developed on a commercial system. Simulation studies to explore facility layout and staffing scenarios for smallpox vaccination and for an actual anthrax-treatment dispensing exercise and post event analysis are presented. The system produces results consistent with the model built on the commercial system, but requires only a fraction of the computational time. Each smallpox scenario runs within 1 CPU minute on RealOpt(C), versus run times of over 5 - 10 hours on the commercial system. The system's fast computational time enables its use in large-scale studies, in particular an anthrax response planning exercise involving a county with 864,000 households. The computational effort required for this exercise was roughly 30 min for all scenarios considered, demonstrating that RealOpt(C) offers a very promising avenue for pursuing a comprehensive investigation involving a more diverse set of scenarios, and justifying work towards development of a robust system that can be widely deployed for use by state, local, and tribal health practitioners. Using our staff allocation and assignments for the Anthrax field exercise, DeKalb county achieved the highest throughput among all counties that simultaneously conducted the same scale of Anthrax exercise at various locations, with labor usage at or below the other counties. Indeed, DeKalb exceeded the targeted number of households, and it processed 50% more individuals compared to the second place county. None of the other counties achieved the targeted number of households. The external evaluators commented that DeKalb produced the most efficient floor plan ( with no path crossing), the most cost-effective dispensing ( lowest labor/throughput value), and the smoothest operations ( shortest average wait time, average queue length, equalized utilization rate). The study proves that even without historical data, using our system one can plan ahead and be able to wisely estimate the required labor resources. The exercise also revealed many areas that need attention during the operations planning and design of dispensing centers. The type of disaster being confronted ( e. g., biological attack, infectious disease outbreak, or a natural disaster) also dictates different design considerations with respect to the dispensing clinic, facility locations, dispensing and backup strategies, and level of security protection. Depending on the situation, backup plans will be different, and the level of security and military personnel, as well as the number of healthcare workers required, will vary. In summary, the study shows that a real-time decision support system is viable through careful design of a stand-alone simulator coupled with powerful tailor-designed optimization solvers. The flexibility of performing empirical tests quickly means the system is amenable for use in training and preparation, and for strategic planning before and during an emergency situation. The system facilitates analysis of "what-if" scenarios, and serves as an invaluable tool for operational planning and dynamic on-the-fly reconfigurations of large-scale emergency dispensing clinics. It also allows for "virtual field exercises" to be performed on the decision support system, offering insight into operations flow and bottlenecks when mass dispensing is required for a region with a large population. The system, designed in modular form with a flexible implementation, enables future expansion and modification regarding emergency center design with respect to treatment for different biological threats or disease outbreaks. Working with emergency response departments, further fine-tuning and development of the system will be made to address different biological attacks and infectious disease outbreaks, and to ensure its practicality and usability. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30365 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Environm Readiness Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lee, EK (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30365 USA. EM evakylee@isye.gatech.edu NR 55 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 148 IS 1 BP 25 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10479-006-0087-7 PG 29 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 113MX UT WOS:000242603100003 ER PT J AU Pfeffer, M Foster, JE Edwards, EA Brown, MB Komar, N Brown, CR AF Pfeffer, Martin Foster, Jerome E. Edwards, Eric A. Brown, Mary Bomberger Komar, Nicholas Brown, Charles R. TI Phylogenetic analysis of Buggy Creek virus: Evidence for multiple clades in the Western Great Plains, United States of America SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALITIS ANTIGENIC COMPLEX; FORT-MORGAN VIRUS; CLIFF SWALLOWS; OECIACUS-VICARIUS; ALPHAVIRUSES; ECTOPARASITISM; NEUTRALIZATION; GLYCOPROTEINS; PATHOGENESIS; EVOLUTION AB We present the first detailed phylogenetic analysis of Buggy Creek virus (BCRV), a poorly known alphavirus with transmission cycles involving a cimicid swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius) vector and cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) as the principal avian hosts. Nucleotide sequences of a 2,075-bp viral envelope glycoprotein-coding region, covering the entire PE2 gene, were determined for 33 BCRV isolates taken from swallow bugs at cliff swallow colonies in Nebraska and Colorado in the summer of 2001 and were compared with the corresponding region of BCRV isolates collected from Oklahoma in the 1980s. We also analyzed isolates of the closely related Fort Morgan virus (FMV) collected from Colorado in the 1970s. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BCRV falls into the western equine encephalomyelitis complex of alphaviruses, in agreement with antigenic results and a previous alphavirus phylogeny based on the El coding region. We found four distinct BCRV/FMV clades, one each unique to Nebraska, Colorado, and Oklahoma and one containing isolates from both Nebraska and Colorado. BCRV isolates within the two clades from Nebraska showed 5.7 to 6.2% nucleotide divergence and 0.7 to 1.9% amino acid divergence, and within these clades, we found multiple subclades. Nebraska subclades tended to be confined to one or a few cliff swallow colonies that were close to each other in space, although in some cases, near-identical isolates were detected at sites up to 123 km apart. Viral gene flow occurs when cliff swallows move (bugs) between colony sites, and the genetic structure of BCRV may reflect the limited dispersal abilities of its insect vector. C1 Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. Bundeswehr Inst Microbiol, D-80937 Munich, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, 600 S Coll Ave, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM charles-brown@utulsa.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI057569, R01-AI057569] NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 72 IS 11 BP 6886 EP 6893 DI 10.1128/AEM.00868-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 105BH UT WOS:000242003800003 PM 16936062 ER PT J AU Lobo, ML Xiao, LH Cama, V Magalhaes, N Antunes, F Matos, O AF Luisa Lobo, Maria Xiao, Lihua Cama, Vitaliano Magalhaes, Nuno Antunes, Francisco Matos, Olga TI Identification of potentially human-pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in various birds SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 1ST DETECTION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MICROSPORIDIA; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; PORTUGAL; CATTLE AB Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in 24 of 83 samples from birds of the orders Columbiformes, Passeriformes, and Psittaciformes. It was identical to or closely related to the Peru6 genotype, which was previously found in humans in Peru. Thus, various birds can be a significant source of environmental contamination by potentially human-pathogenic E. bieneusi. C1 UPMM, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pr, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Lisbon, Clin Univ Doencas Infecciosas, Fac Med, Hosp Santa Maria, P-1649035 Lisbon, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Matos, O (reprint author), UPMM, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pr, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Rua Junqueira 96, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. EM omatos@ihmt.unl.pt RI Lobo, Maria/I-3527-2012; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; MATOS, OLGA/J-8859-2012; OI Lobo, Maria/0000-0001-5811-7568; Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; MATOS, OLGA/0000-0001-5793-7716; Antunes, Francisco/0000-0001-7932-1154 NR 20 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 72 IS 11 BP 7380 EP 7382 DI 10.1128/AEM.01394-06 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 105BH UT WOS:000242003800067 PM 16936045 ER PT J AU Fei, X Gao, PF Shibamoto, T Sun, G AF Fei, Xin Gao, Pengfei Shibamoto, Takayuki Sun, Gang TI Pesticide detoxifying functions of N-halamine fabrics SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGENERABLE ANTIMICROBIAL TEXTILES; CHLORINATED WATER; DEGRADATION; STARCH AB Halamine structures incorporated on polyester/cotton fabrics were able to detoxify oxime carbamate pesticides that contain thio bonds rapidly upon contact. The reaction was endothermic, and the detoxification rate was in first order to concentrations of the pesticides. Aldicarb was degraded in a much faster rate than that of methomyl by the halamine fabrics. The reactivity of halamine structures was different, and imide halamine was more reactive than amine halamine. The detoxification was an oxidative reaction on the sulfur atom existing in both aldicarb and methomyl. The same halamine structures were unable to effectively react with carbaryl and carbofuran, which are aromatic carbamates and do not contain any thio bonds. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Div Text & Clothing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, CDC, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Div Text & Clothing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gysun@ucdavis.edu NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 51 IS 4 BP 509 EP 514 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-0175-8 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 094TW UT WOS:000241263000004 PM 16568365 ER PT J AU Heim, C Wagner, D Maloney, E Papanicolaou, DA Solomon, L Jones, JF Unger, ER Reeves, WC AF Heim, Christine Wagner, Dieter Maloney, Elizabeth Papanicolaou, Dimitris A. Solomon, Laura Jones, James F. Unger, Elizabeth R. Reeves, William C. TI Early adverse experience and risk for chronic fatigue syndrome - Results from a population-based study SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; GULF-WAR VETERANS; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PHYSICAL ABUSE; ANXIETY DISORDERS; SEXUAL ABUSE; WOMEN; COMMUNITY; ILLNESS AB Context: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an important public health problem. The causes of CFS are unknown and effective prevention strategies remain elusive. A growing literature suggests that early adverse experience increases the risk for a range of negative health outcomes, including fatiguing illnesses. Identification of developmental risk factors for CFS is critical to inform pathophysiological research and devise targets for primary prevention. Objective: To examine the relationship between early adverse experience and risk for CFS in a population-based sample of clinically confirmed CFS cases and nonfatigued control subjects. Design, Setting, and Participants: A case-control study of 43 cases with current CFS and 60 nonfatigued controls identified from a general population sample of 56 146 adult residents from Wichita, Kan. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported childhood trauma (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and emotional and physical neglect) and psychopathology (depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder) by CFS status. Results: The CFS cases reported significantly higher levels of childhood trauma and psychopathology compared with the controls. Exposure to childhood trauma was associated with a 3- to 8-fold increased risk for CFS across different trauma types. There was a graded relationship between the degree of trauma exposure and CFS risk. Childhood trauma was associated with greater CFS symptom severity and with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The risk for CFS conveyed by childhood trauma increased with the presence of concurrent psychopathology. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of increased levels of multiple types of childhood trauma in a population-based sample of clinically confirmed CFS cases compared with nonfatigued controls. Our results suggest that childhood trauma is an important risk factor for CFS. This risk was in part associated with altered emotional state. Studies scrutinizing the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms that translate childhood adversity into CFS risk may provide direct targets for the early prevention of CFS. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch,Ctr Dis Control &, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Merck & Co Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. RP Heim, C (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sch Med, 101 Woodruff Cir,WMRB,Suite 4311, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM cmheim@emory.edu RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009; OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 61 TC 115 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD NOV PY 2006 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1258 EP 1266 DI 10.1001/archpsyc.63.11.1258 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 102HQ UT WOS:000241802000012 PM 17088506 ER PT J AU Canfield, MA Honein, MA Yuskiv, N Xing, J Mai, CT Collins, JS Devine, O Petrini, J Ramadhani, TA Hobbs, CA Kirby, RS AF Canfield, Mark A. Honein, Margaret A. Yuskiv, Nataliya Xing, Jian Mai, Cara T. Collins, Julianne S. Devine, Owen Petrini, Joann Ramadhani, Tunu A. Hobbs, Charlotte A. Kirby, Russell S. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Netw TI National estimates and race/ethnic-specific variation of selected birth defects in the United States, 1999-2001 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Meeting of the National-Birth-Defects-Prevention-Network CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 2006 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Birth Defects Prevent Network DE birth defects; prevalence; national estimates; race; ethnicity ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; INFANT CHARACTERISTICS; CLEFT MALFORMATIONS; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CALIFORNIA; TEXAS; GASTROSCHISIS; ASSOCIATIONS AB BACKGROUND: In the United States, birth defects affect approximately 3% of all births, are a leading cause of infant mortality, and contribute substantially to childhood morbidity. METHODS: Population-based data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Network were combined to estimate the prevalence of 21 selected defects for 1999-2001, stratified by surveillance system type. National prevalence was estimated for each defect by pooling data from 11 states with active case-finding, and adjusting for the racial/ethnic distribution of US live births. We also assessed racial/ethnic variation of the selected birth defects. RESULTS: National birth defect prevalence estimates ranged from 0.82 per 10,000 live births for truncus arteriosus to 13.65 per 10,000 live births for Down syndrome. Compared with infants of non-Hispanic (NH) white mothers, infants of NH black mothers had a significantly higher birth prevalence of tetralogy of Fallot, lower limb reduction defects, and trisomy 18, and a significantly lower birth prevalence of cleft palate, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula, gastroschisis, and Down syndrome. Infants of Hispanic mothers, compared with infants of NH white mothers, had a significantly higher birth prevalence of anencephalus, spina bifida, encephalocele, gastroschisis, and Down syndrome, and a significantly lower birth prevalence of tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, cleft palate without cleft lip, and esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula. CONCLUSIONS: This study can be used to evaluate individual state surveillance data, and to help plan for public health care and educational needs. It also provides valuable data on racial/ethnic patterns of selected major birth defects. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 76:747-756, 2006. (C) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveilance Branch, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, White Plains, NY USA. Greenwood Genet Ctr, JC Self Res Inst Human Genet, Greenwood, SC USA. Arkansas Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Little Rock, AR USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Canfield, MA (reprint author), Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveilance Branch, 1100 W 49th St, Austin, TX 78756 USA. EM mark.canfield@dshs.state.tx.us FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU613232] NR 34 TC 304 Z9 314 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 76 IS 11 BP 747 EP 756 DI 10.1002/bdra.20294 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 106UO UT WOS:000242127400002 PM 17051527 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Correa-Villasenor, A Hsia, J Atrash, H AF Boulet, Sheree L. Correa-Villasenor, Adolfo Hsia, Jason Atrash, Hani TI Feasibility of using the national hospital discharge survey to estimate the prevalence of selected birth defects SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; surveillance; anencephaly; spina bifida; hospital discharge data ID PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; SURVEILLANCE; COMPLETENESS; CERTIFICATE; TERMINATION AB BACKGROUND: Nationally representative data on the prevalence of certain birth defects are largely unavailable. We evaluated the feasibility of using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) to describe the prevalence of selected birth defects. METHODS: All live births recorded in the NHDS during 1999-2001 were included. The prevalence for selected birth defects was calculated using weighted ratio estimators. Prevalence ratios comparing the NHDS estimates to published national estimates from the National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) were calculated. RESULTS: With the exception of common truncus, the NHDS prevalence for the selected defects was consistently lower than the NBDPN estimates. The prevalence ratios ranged from 0.38 for trisomy 18 and anopthalmia/micropthalmia to 1.16 for common truncus. The NHDS, prevalence estimates for spina bifida without anencephaly (PR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.57-1.22) and gastroschisis/omphalocele (PR 0.94, 95% CF: 0.48-1.40) most closely approximated the NBDPN estimates. CONCLUSIONS: NHDS data underestimate the prevalence of most birth defects. Additional research is needed to determine whether NHDS estimates may be useful for evaluating trends in certain conditions. Surveillance systems employing active case-finding continue to provide more accurate estimates of birth defects prevalence. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 76:757-761, 2006. (C) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nalt Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boulet, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nalt Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sboulet@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 76 IS 11 BP 757 EP 761 DI 10.1002/bdra.20291 PG 5 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 106UO UT WOS:000242127400003 PM 17094134 ER PT J AU Miller, E AF Miller, Eric TI Evaluation of the Texas Birth Defects Registry: An active surveillance system SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evaluation studies; population surveillance; birth defects; Texas AB BACKGROUND: Evaluations of surveillance systems are necessary to determine if the goals of the system are being met, how efficiently the surveillance is being implemented, and if resources are being used appropriately. An evaluation of the Texas Birth Defects Registry was conducted to assess the overall quality of data collection and to examine variations across regions of the state. METHODS: The registry was evaluated by using published guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems; the evaluation included staff interviews, process observation, and secondary data analysis. RESULTS: The registry monitors >370,000 births/year through active surveillance, with considerable disparities in workload across regions of the state. Because of the geographic size and substantial population of Texas, data collection is complex. However, the estimated sensitivity of the system appears sufficient, and rates for selected defects are highly comparable with other U.S. active birth-defect surveillance systems. Registry staff continually monitor the quality of data collection and provide additional training. Amid unstable funding, the registry staff have demonstrated optimal foresight and flexibility to adapt and continue quality data collection. Timeliness needs to be improved and more consistent quality assurance is needed across regions of the state. Retaining staff and increasing visibility are essential to providing more stability. CONCLUSIONS: Active surveillance for birth defects is labor-intensive but provides invaluable data for its stakeholders. The Texas Birth Defects Registry has proven to be a quality surveillance system and a beneficial resource for Texas. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 76:787-792, 2006. (C) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Epid Intelligence Serv, Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Miller, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Epid Intelligence Serv, Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bwe6@cdc.gov RI Alkhalawi, Mohammed/C-6111-2012 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 76 IS 11 BP 787 EP 792 DI 10.1002/bdra.20331 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 106UO UT WOS:000242127400009 PM 17094140 ER PT J AU Miller, LA Romitti, PA Cunniff, C Druschel, C Mathews, KD Meaney, FJ Matthews, D Kantamneni, J Feng, ZF Zemblidge, N Miller, TM Andrews, J Fox, D Ciafaloni, E Pandya, S Montgomery, A Kenneson, A AF Miller, Lisa A. Romitti, Paul A. Cunniff, Christopher Druschel, Charlotte Mathews, Katherine D. Meaney, F. John Matthews, Dennis Kantamneni, Jiji Feng, Zhen-Fang Zemblidge, Nancy Miller, Timothy M. Andrews, Jennifer Fox, Deborah Ciafaloni, Emma Pandya, Shree Montgomery, April Kenneson, Aileen TI The Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance Tracking and Research Network (MD STARnet): Surveillance methodology SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd National-Center-on-Birth-Defects-and-Developmental-Disabilities Conference CY JUL 25-26, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil DE muscular dystrophy; surveillance; prevalence; health outcomes ID DUCHENNE; PREVALENCE; EXPERIENCE; DISORDERS; GENE AB BACKGROUND: This report focuses on the common protocol developed by the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance Tracking and Research Network (MD STARnet) for population-based surveillance of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DBMD) among 4 states (Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, and New York). METHODS: The network sites have developed a case definition and surveillance protocol along with software applications for medical record abstraction, clinical review, and pooled data. Neuromuscular specialists at each site review the pooled data to determine if a case meets the case criteria. Sources of potential cases of DBMD include neuromuscular specialty clinics, service sites for children with special healthcare needs, and hospital discharge databases. Each site also adheres to a common information assurance protocol. RESULTS: A population-based surveillance system for DBMD was created and implemented in participating states. CONCLUSIONS: The development and implementation of the population-based system will allow for the collection of information that is intended to provide a greater understanding of DBMD prevalence and health outcomes. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 76:793-797, 2006. (C) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Iowa, Ctr Hlth Effects Environm Contaminat, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Neurol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Miller, LA (reprint author), Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, 4300 Cherry Creek Dr S, Denver, CO 80246 USA. EM lisa.miller@state.co.us FU PHS HHS [CCU822309] NR 15 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 76 IS 11 BP 793 EP 797 DI 10.1002/bdra.20279 PG 5 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 106UO UT WOS:000242127400010 PM 17036307 ER PT J AU Green, RF Moore, C AF Green, Ridgely Fisk Moore, Cynthia TI Incorporating genetic analyses into birth defects cluster investigations: Strategies for identifying candidate genes SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; cluster investigations; genes; public health; gastroschisis ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; FACTOR-BINDING SITES; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-LIKE PROTEIN; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; WEIGHT MATRICES; UMBILICAL-CORD; PROTEOMIC DATA; DNA-SEQUENCES; HUMAN-DISEASE; HUMAN GENOME AB BACKGROUND: Incorporating genetic analyses into birth defect cluster investigations may increase understanding of both genetic and environmental risk factors for the defect. Current constraints of most birth defect cluster investigations make candidate gene selection the most feasible approach. Here, we describe strategies for choosing candidate genes for such investigations, which will also be applicable to more general gene-environment studies. METHODS: We reviewed publicly available web-based resources for selection of candidate genes and identification of risk factors, as well as publications on different strategies for candidate gene selection. RESULTS: Candidate gene selection requires consideration of available gene-disease databases, previous epidemiological studies, animal model research, linkage and expression studies, and other resources. We describe general considerations for utilizing available resources, as well as provide an example of a search for candidate genes related to gastroschisis. CONCLUSIONS: Available web resources could facilitate selection of candidate genes, but selection of optimal candidates will still require a strong understanding of genetics and the pathogenesis of the defect, as well as careful consideration of previous epidemiological studies. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 76:798-810, 2006. (C) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Green, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM grf1@cdc.gov NR 96 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 76 IS 11 BP 798 EP 810 DI 10.1002/bdra.20280 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 106UO UT WOS:000242127400011 PM 17036308 ER PT J AU Correa, A Min, YI Stewart, PA Lees, PSJ Breysse, P Dosemeci, M Jackson, LW AF Correa, Adolfo Min, Yuan-I Stewart, Patricia Ann Lees, Peter S. J. Breysse, Patrick Dosemeci, Mustafa Jackson, Leila W. TI Inter-rater agreement of assessed prenatal maternal occupational exposures to lead SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inter-rater agreement; reliability; occupational exposure assessment; prenatal lead exposure ID PULMONARY VENOUS RETURN; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; RISK-FACTORS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; PATERNAL OCCUPATION; CHEMICAL EXPOSURES; WEIGHTED KAPPA; GLYCOL ETHERS; DEFECTS; COEFFICIENT AB BACKGROUND: Industrial hygienists' assessments of prenatal occupational exposures based on parental job histories is a promising approach for population-based case-control studies of birth defects and other perinatal outcomes. However, evaluations of inter-rater agreement of such assessments have been limited. METHODS: We examined inter-rater agreement of occupational lead exposure assessments of maternal job reports by industrial hygienists in a population-based case-control study of parental occupational lead exposure and low birth weight. A total of 178 jobs with potential exposure to lead during the 6 months before pregnancy to the end of pregnancy were examined. Three industrial hygienists evaluated these jobs independently for exposure to lead including probability of exposure, type of exposure, route of entry, exposure frequency, duration, and intensity. Inter-rater agreement of these assessments beyond chance was evaluated using the kappa statistic (kappa). RESULTS: In general, inter-rater agreement was greater for assessment of direct exposures than assessment of indirect exposures. However, inter-rater agreement varied with the lead exposure metric under consideration, being: 1) fair to good for type of direct exposure (i.e., inorganic or organic), respiratory exposure and frequency of exposure to direct inorganic lead, hours per day of direct (i.e., inorganic or organic), and intensity of direct inorganic exposure; 2) poor for probability and type of indirect exposure (inorganic or organic); and 3) indeterminate for frequency of direct organic exposure, frequency of indirect exposures (organic or inorganic), and intensity of direct exposures (organic or inorganic). CONCLUSION: Retrospective assessment of maternal prenatal exposures to lead by industrial hygienists can provide some reliable metrics of exposure for studies of perinatal outcomes. Reliability studies of such exposure assessments may be useful for: quantifying the reliability of derived exposure metrics; identifying exposure metrics for exposure-outcome analyses; and determining the reliability of prenatal occupational exposures to other agents of interest. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 76:811-824, 2006. (C) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Integrat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Correa, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acorrea@cdc.gov OI Min, Yuan-I/0000-0003-2470-0004 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [R29 ES06218] NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 76 IS 11 BP 811 EP 824 DI 10.1002/bdra.20311 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 106UO UT WOS:000242127400012 PM 17044050 ER PT J AU Siffel, C Strickland, MJ Gardner, BR Kirby, RS Correa, A AF Siffel, Csaba Strickland, Matthew J. Gardner, Bennett R. Kirby, Russell S. Correa, Adolfo TI Role of geographic information systems in birth defects surveillance and research SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GIS; birth defects; surveillance; geocoding; accuracy; spatial analysis; mapping; confidentiality ID DISPARITIES GEOCODING PROJECT; PUBLIC-HEALTH DATA; INFANT-MORTALITY; RESIDENTIAL-MOBILITY; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; POPULATION; GIS; DISEASE; RATES AB BACKGROUND: With the significant advancement of geographic information systems (GIS), mapping and evaluating the spatial distribution of health events has become easier. We examine the role of GIS in birth defects surveillance and research. METHODS: We briefly describe the geocoding process and potential problems in accuracy of the obtained geocodes, and some of the capabilities and limitations of GIS. We illustrate how GIS has been applied using the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program geocoded dataset. We provide some comments on potential data quality and confidentiality issues with birth defects in relation to GIS. RESULTS: It is desirable to geocode addresses using a multistrategy approach to achieve a high-quality and accurate GIS dataset. Beyond the basic but important function of mapping, sophisticated statistical approaches and software are available to analyze the spatial or spatial-temporal occurrence of birth defects, alone or in association with environmental hazards, and to present this information without compromising the confidentiality of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend a broad and systematic use of GIS in birth defects spatial surveillance and research. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 76:825-833, 2006. (C) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Maternal & Chil Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Siffel, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM csiffel@cdc.gov NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 76 IS 11 BP 825 EP 833 DI 10.1002/bdra.20325 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 106UO UT WOS:000242127400013 PM 17094141 ER PT J AU Connor, TH McDiarmid, MA AF Connor, Thomas H. McDiarmid, Melissa A. TI Preventing occupational exposures to antineoplastic drugs in health care settings SO CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS LA English DT Article ID URINARY CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE EXCRETION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CYTOSTATIC DRUGS; SURFACE CONTAMINATION; HOSPITAL PHARMACY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NURSES; AGENTS AB The toxicity of antineoplastic drugs has been well known since they were introduced in the 1940s. Because most antineoplastic drugs are nonselective in their mechanism of action, they affect noncancerous as well as cancerous cells, resulting in well-documented side effects. During the 1970s, evidence came to light indicating health care workers may be at risk of harmful effects from antineoplastic drugs as a result of occupational exposure. Since that time, reports from several countries have documented drug contamination of the work-place, identified drugs in the urine of health care workers, and measured genotoxic responses in workers. Evidence also exists of teratogenic and adverse reproductive outcomes and increased cancers in health care workers. During the past 30 years, professional organizations and government agencies have developed guidelines to protect health care workers from adverse effects from occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs. Although many safety provisions were advanced to reduce worker exposure in the 1980s, recent studies have shown that workers continue to be exposed to these drugs despite safety policy improvements. In 2004, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) published an alert reviewing the most recent information available and promoting a program of safe handling during their use. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Connor, TH (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Connor, Thomas/B-7937-2011 NR 96 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0007-9235 J9 CA-CANCER J CLIN JI CA-Cancer J. Clin. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 56 IS 6 BP 354 EP 365 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 112GB UT WOS:000242512600005 PM 17135692 ER PT J AU Tangka, FKL Dalaker, J Chattopadhyay, SK Gardner, JG Royalty, J Hall, IJE DeGroff, A Blackman, DK Coates, RJ AF Tangka, Florence K. L. Dalaker, Joseph Chattopadhyay, Sajal K. Gardner, James G. Royalty, Janet Hall, Ingrid J. E. DeGroff, Amy Blackman, Donald K. Coates, Ralph J. TI Meeting the mammography screening needs of underserved women: the performance of the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program in 2002-2003 (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; mammography screening; screening rates; medically underserved AB Objective To examine the extent to which the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (Program) has helped to meet the mammography screening needs of underserved women. Methods Low-income, uninsured women aged 40-64 are eligible for free mammography screening through the Program. We used data from the U.S. Census Bureau to estimate the number of women eligible for services. We obtained the number of women receiving Program-funded mammograms from the Program. We then calculated the percentage of eligible women who received mammograms through the Program. Results In 2002-2003, of all U.S. women aged 40-64, approximately 4 million (8.5%) had no health insurance and had a family income below 250% of the federal poverty level, meeting Program eligibility criteria. Of these women, 528,622 (13.2%) received a Program-funded mammogram. Rates varied substantially by race and ethnicity. The percentage of eligible women screened in each state ranged from about 2% to approximately 79%. Conclusions Although the Program provided screening services to over a half-million low-income, uninsured women for mammography, it served a small percentage of those eligible. Given that in 2003 more than 2.3 million uninsured, low-income, women aged 40-64 did not receive recommended mammograms from either the Program or other sources, there remains a substantial need for services for this historically underserved population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Strat & Innovat, Atlanta, GA USA. US Bur Census, Housing & Household Econ Stat Div, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Tangka, FKL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fbt9@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1145 EP 1154 DI 10.1007/s10552-006-0058-y PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 089CB UT WOS:000240856600005 PM 17006720 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS King, J Richards, TB Ekwueme, DU AF Coughlin, Steven S. King, Jessica Richards, Thomas B. Ekwueme, Donatus U. TI Cervical cancer screening among women in metropolitan areas of the United States by individual-level and area-based measures of socioeconomic status, 2000 to 2002 SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; INCOME INEQUALITY; RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION; MORTALITY; US; BREAST; ASSOCIATION; DISPARITIES; LITERACY; SERVICES AB Background: Few studies have examined cancer screening among women residing in metropolitan areas in relation to both individual-level and area-based measures of socioeconomic status (SES). To learn more, we examined self-reported rates of Papanicolaou (Pap) testing among women living in metropolitan areas in relation to individual-level measures of SES (household income and education), and area-based measures of SES (percentage of residents living in poverty, percentage with low education, and percentage working class). Methods: Data were obtained from women who were interviewed by telephone during 2000 and 2002 as part of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Self-reported county of residence was used to classify respondents as residents of metropolitan statistical areas. Only BRFSS respondents who resided in 35 metropolitan statistical areas with a population of >= 1.5 million in 2000 were included in this analysis. Analyses were limited to women ages >= 18 years with no history of hysterectomy (n = 49,231). Area-based measures of SES were obtained by using county-level information from the 2000 U.S. Census. Results: Only 75.4% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 73.8-77.1%] of 3,947 women ages >= 18 years who had a reported household income of <$15,000 per year had received a Pap test in the previous 3 years, compared with 92.2% (95% CI, 91.2-93.1%) of 18,698 women with a household income of >=$50,000. Overall, 77.5% (95% CI, 75.7-79.3%) of women without a high school education had received a Pap test compared with 91.7% (91.0-92.3%) of college graduates. In multivariate analysis, we also found education level to be positively associated with Pap testing rates, especially among women residing in areas where a relatively low percentage of residents had a low education level (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Individual-level measures of SES may be modified by county-level measures of SES. Analyses of cancer screening rates by measures of income, educational attainment, and other factors may help health officials to better direct their finite resources to areas of greatest need. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sic9@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 11 BP 2154 EP 2159 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0914 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 107DG UT WOS:000242150300025 PM 17119040 ER PT J AU Estivariz, CF Bhatti, LI Pati, R Jensen, B Arduino, MJ Jernigan, D LiPuma, JJ Srinivasan, A AF Estivariz, Concepcion F. Bhatti, Lubna I. Pati, Ritu Jensen, Bette Arduino, Matthew J. Jernigan, Daniel LiPuma, John J. Srinivasan, Arjun TI An outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia associated with contamination of albuterol and nasal spray SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE critical care; health-care-associated pneumonia; ventilation ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS PATIENTS; PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; GENOMOVAR-III; CARE UNITS; INFECTION; COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ACQUISITION AB Background: Species within the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bee) can contaminate medications and disinfectants and cause severe pneumonia in critically ill patients or persons with cystic fibrosis. In March 2004, we investigated a hospital outbreak of Bee possibly associated with a contaminated nasal spray. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study, environmental sampling, and observations of infection control practices. Case patients had infection or colonization with Bcc, and control patients had sputum culture not yielding Bcc. Isolates from patients and environmental samples were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: Bee was recovered from sputum in IS patients. Compared with matched control patients (n = 18), case patients were more likely to be receiving mechanical ventilation (p = 0.01), to have been hospitalized > 6 days (p = 0.01), and to have received antimicrobial treatment within 7 days before sputum collection (p = 0.03). Bee was cultured from opened, but not unopened, multidose albuterol bottles, a nebulizer attached to a ventilator, and opened and unopened nasal spray bottles from contaminated lots. PFGE showed that isolates from albuterol samples and from patients were indistinguishable but unrelated to the nasal spray strain. Observations revealed improper aseptic techniques during respiratory therapy procedures and inadequate nebulizer cleaning. Conclusions: Despite a temporal association with use of a contaminated nasal spray, this outbreak was caused by extrinsic contamination of multidose albuterol used for nebulization treatments and lack of adherence to infection control precautions. Implementation and re-enforcement of infection control measures successfully terminated the outbreak. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev,Epidemol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat & Communicable Dis, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Estivariz, CF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev,Epidemol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CEstivariz@cdc.gov RI Lee, H/E-7918-2010 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD NOV PY 2006 VL 130 IS 5 BP 1346 EP 1353 DI 10.1378/chest.130.5.1346 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 106OH UT WOS:000242109800012 PM 17099009 ER PT J AU Singleton, RJ Holman, RC Cobb, N Curns, AT Paisano, EL AF Singleton, Rosalyn J. Holman, Robert C. Cobb, Nathaniel Curns, Aaron T. Paisano, Edna L. TI Asthma hospitalizations among American Indian and Alaska native people and for the general US population SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE Alaskan Native; American Indian; asthma; children; epidemiology (pulmonary); hospitalization; pulmonary ID UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; ADMISSIONS; CHILDHOOD; DIAGNOSIS; ILLNESSES; DISEASE AB Study objectives: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in the United States. High rates of asthma hospitalization have been reported for some ethnic minorities; however, asthma hospitalization rates for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations of all ages have not been studied. In this study, we examined and compared hospitalization rates for AI/AN populations and the general population in the United States. Design: Hospital discharge records with a first-listed diagnosis of asthma were evaluated for AI/AN populations and the US general population of all ages from 1988 to 2002. Results: The asthma hospitalization rate for AI/AN populations decreased from 17.8/10,000 per year in 1988 to 1990 to 12.9/10,000 per year in 2000 to 2002. The overall age-adjusted rate for 2000 to 2002 was slightly lower than that for the general US population (12.9/10,000 and 16.4/10,000, respectively). However, AI/AN populations living in the Southwest region (17.6/10,000) had the highest asthma hospitalization rate among the Indian Health Service regions and the rate from 2000 to 2002 was similar to that for the general US population. The 2000 to 2002 asthma hospitalization rate for AI/AN populations < 1 year of age (infants) was higher than that in US infants, and the rates for AI/AN age groups >= 1 year were similar to or lower than those for the general US population. Conclusions: While asthma was rarely reported among AI/AN populations before 1975, the average annual age-adjusted asthma hospitalization rate was only slightly lower for AI/AN populations than that for the US general population from 2000 to 2002. Furthermore, the asthma hospitalization rates for AI/AN populations living in the Southwest and East regions were similar to the rate for the general US population. Efforts to further increase asthma awareness and symptom recognition among AI/AN populations should be implemented to help to reduce asthma hospitalizations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol, Chron Dis Branch, Albuquerque, NM USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Indian Hlth Serv, Off Publ Hlth Support, Rockville, MD USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Indian Hlth Serv, Div Program Stat, Rockville, MD USA. RP Singleton, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ris2@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD NOV PY 2006 VL 130 IS 5 BP 1554 EP 1562 DI 10.1378/chest.130.5.1554 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 106OH UT WOS:000242109800040 PM 17099037 ER PT J AU Atmar, RL Keitel, WA Patel, SM Katz, JM She, DW El Sahly, H Pompey, J Cate, TR Couch, RB AF Atmar, Robert L. Keitel, Wendy A. Patel, Shital M. Katz, Jacqueline M. She, Dewei El Sahly, Hana Pompey, Justine Cate, Thomas R. Couch, Robert B. TI Safety and immunogenicity of nonadjuvanted and MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/H9N2 vaccine preparations SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A/DUCK/SINGAPORE/97 H5N3 VACCINE; A VIRUS; CLINICAL-TRIALS; HUMAN INFECTION; H9N2; CANDIDATE; POULTRY AB Background. Influenza A/H9N2 viruses can infect humans and are considered to be a pandemic threat. Effective vaccines are needed for these and other avian influenza viruses. Methods. We performed a phase I, randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a 2-dose schedule (administered on days 0 and 28) of 4 dose levels (3.75, 7.5, 15, and 30 mu g of hemagglutinin) of inactivated influenza A/chicken/HongKong/G9/97 (H9N2) vaccine with and without MF59 adjuvant. Vaccine safety was assessed with a diary and selected blood tests. Immunogenicity was measured using serum hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and microneutralization (MNt) antibody assays. Results. Ninety-six healthy adults (age, 18-34 years) were enrolled in the study. Arm discomfort was more common in groups that received adjuvant, but adverse effects of the vaccination were generally mild. Geometric mean serum HAI and MNt antibody titers to the influenza A/chicken/HongKong/G9/97 (H9N2) virus strain for all vaccine groups were similar on day 0 but were significantly higher (P < .001) on both days 28 and 56 for the MF59-adjuvanted vaccine groups than for groups given nonadjuvanted vaccine. Other measures of immunogenicity were also higher in the adjuvanted vaccine groups. HAI and MNt geometric mean titers measured after the administration of a single dose of MF59-adjuvanted vaccine were similar to those measured after 2 doses of nonadjuvanted vaccine. Conclusions. The combination of MF59 adjuvant with a subunit vaccine was associated with improved immune responses to an influenza A/H9N2 virus. The adjuvanted vaccine was immunogenic even after a single dose, raising the possibility that a 1-dose vaccination strategy may be attainable with the use of adjuvanted vaccine. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Atmar, RL (reprint author), 1 Baylor Plaza,MS BCM280, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ratmar@bcm.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-30039] NR 23 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1135 EP 1142 DI 10.1086/508174 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 092OF UT WOS:000241106500002 PM 17029131 ER PT J AU Staras, SAS Dollard, SC Radford, KW Flanders, WD Pass, RF Cannon, MJ AF Staras, Stephanie A. S. Dollard, Sheila C. Radford, Kay W. Flanders, W. Dana Pass, Robert F. Cannon, Michael J. TI Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the United States, 1988-1994 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; PREGNANT-WOMEN; BLOOD-DONORS; CHILD-CARE; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; EXCRETION; IMMUNITY AB Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of congenital illness and disability, including hearing loss and mental retardation. However, there are no nationwide estimates of CMV seroprevalence among pregnant women or the overall population of the United States. Methods. To determine CMV prevalence in a representative sample of the US population, we tested serum samples for CMV-specific immunoglobulin G from participants aged >= 6 years (n = 21,639) in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Results. The prevalence of CMV infection was 58.9% in individuals >= 6 years old. CMV seroprevalence increased gradually with age, from 36.3% in 6-11-year-olds to 90.8% in those aged >= 80 years. CMV seroprevalence differed by race and/or ethnicity as follows: 51.2% in non-Hispanic white persons, 75.8% in non-Hispanic black persons, and 81.7% in Mexican Americans. Racial and/or ethnic differences in CMV seroprevalence persisted when controlling for household income level, education, marital status, area of residence, census region, family size, country of birth, and type of medical insurance. Among women, racial and/or ethnic differences were especially significant; between ages 10-14 years and 20-24 years, seroprevalence increased 38% for non-Hispanic black persons, 7% for non-Hispanic white persons, and < 1% for Mexican Americans. Conclusions. On the basis of these results, we estimate that each year in the United States similar to 340,000 non-Hispanic white persons, 130,000 non-Hispanic black persons, and 50,000 Mexican American women of childbearing age experience a primary CMV infection. Given the number of women at risk and the significance of congenital disease, development of programs for the prevention of CMV infection, such as vaccination or education, is of considerable public health importance. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Robert W Woodruff Hlth Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Staras, SAS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Robert W Woodruff Hlth Sci Ctr, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Rm 460, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM stephanie_staras@yahoo.com RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 42 TC 346 Z9 361 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1143 EP 1151 DI 10.1086/508173 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 092OF UT WOS:000241106500003 PM 17029132 ER PT J AU Leder, K Tong, S Weld, L Kain, KC Wilder-Smith, A Von Sonnenburg, F Black, J Brown, GV Torresi, J AF Leder, Karin Tong, Steven Weld, Leisa Kain, Kevin C. Wilder-Smith, Annelies Von Sonnenburg, Frank Black, Jim Brown, Graham V. Torresi, Joseph CA GSS Network TI Illness in travelers visiting friends and relatives: A review of the GeoSentinel surveillance network SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; INTERNATIONAL-TRAVEL; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE; HIV TRANSMISSION; MALARIA; RISK; COUNTRIES; ATTITUDES AB Travelers returning to their country of origin to visit friends and relatives (VFRs) have increased risk of travel-related health problems. We examined GeoSentinel data to compare travel characteristics and illnesses acquired by 3 groups of travelers to low-income countries: VFRs who had originally been immigrants (immigrant VFRs), VFRs who had not originally been immigrants (traveler VFRs), and tourist travelers. Immigrant VFRs were predominantly male, had a higher mean age, and disproportionately required treatment as inpatients. Only 16% of immigrant VFRs sought pretravel medical advice. Proportionately more immigrant VFRs visited sub-Saharan Africa and traveled for 130 days, whereas tourist travelers more often traveled to Asia. Systemic febrile illnesses (including malaria), nondiarrheal intestinal parasitic infections, respiratory syndromes, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases were more commonly diagnosed among immigrant VFRs, whereas acute diarrhea was comparatively less frequent. Immigrant VFRs and traveler VFRs had different demographic characteristics and types of travel-related illnesses. A greater proportion of immigrant VFRs presented with serious, potentially preventable travel-related illnesses than did tourist travelers. C1 Royal Melbourne Hosp, Ctr Clin Res Excellence, Victorian Infect Dis Serv, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto Gen Hosp, Univ Hlth Network, McLaughlin Rotman Ctr,Ctr Travel & Trop Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. Tan Tock Seng Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Singapore, Singapore. Univ Munich, Dept Infect Dis & Trop Med, Munich, Germany. RP Leder, K (reprint author), Royal Childrens Hosp, Victorian Infect Dis Serv, Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM karin.leder@med.monash.edu.au RI Wilder-Smith, Annelies/F-8751-2015; OI Tong, Steven/0000-0002-1368-8356; Wilder-Smith, Annelies/0000-0003-0362-5375; Leder, Karin/0000-0003-1368-1039; Black, James/0000-0002-9287-8712 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU412347] NR 38 TC 188 Z9 192 U1 3 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1185 EP 1193 DI 10.1086/507893 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 092OF UT WOS:000241106500011 PM 17029140 ER PT J AU Wohl, AR Witt, MD Garland, W Squires, K Kovacs, A Weidle, PJ AF Wohl, Amy Rock Witt, Mallory D. Garland, Wendy Squires, Kathleen Kovacs, Andrea Weidle, Paul J. TI Randomized, controlled trials of directly administered antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected patients: Questions about study population and analytical approach - Reply to Smith-Rohrberg and altice SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CASE-MANAGEMENT; ADHERENCE; INTERVENTION C1 Univ So Calif, HIV Epidemiol Program, Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. Univ So Calif, Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Torrance, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wohl, AR (reprint author), Univ So Calif, HIV Epidemiol Program, Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Keck Sch Med, 600 S Commonwealth Ave,Ste 1920, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. EM awohl@ph.lacounty.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1222 EP 1223 DI 10.1086/508361 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 092OF UT WOS:000241106500020 ER PT J AU Icenogle, JP Frey, TK Abernathy, E Reef, SE Schnurr, D Stewart, JA AF Icenogle, Joseph P. Frey, Teryl K. Abernathy, Emily Reef, Susan E. Schnurr, David Stewart, John A. TI Genetic analysis of rubella viruses found in the United States between 1966 and 2004: Evidence that indigenous rubella viruses have been eliminated SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MEASLES-VIRUS; AMERICA; PREVENTION; OUTBREAK AB Wild-type rubella viruses are genetically classified into 2 clades and 10 intraclade genotypes, of which 3 are provisional. The genotypes of 118 viruses from the United States were determined by sequencing part of the E1 coding region of these viruses and comparing the resulting sequences with reference sequences for each genotype, using the Bayesian inference program MRBAYES. Three genotypes of rubella viruses were found in the United States too infrequently to be considered for indigenous transmission. A fourth genotype was found frequently until 1981, and a fifth genotype was found frequently until 1988, but neither was obtained from nonimported cases after 1988. A sixth genotype was found frequently during 1996-2000, likely because of multiple importations from neighboring countries. The results of the present genetic analysis of rubella viruses found in the United States are consistent with elimination of indigenous viruses by 2001, the year when rubella was considered to be eliminated on the basis of epidemiological evidence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. RP Icenogle, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop C-22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jci1@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 SU 3 BP 5133 EP 5140 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 086EJ UT WOS:000240656300003 ER PT J AU LeMaile-Williams, M Burwell, LA Salisbury, D Noble-Wang, J Arduino, M Lott, T Brandt, ME Iiames, S Srinivasan, A Fridkin, SK AF LeMaile-Williams, Mysheika Burwell, Lauren A. Salisbury, Diane Noble-Wang, Judith Arduino, Matt Lott, Tim Brandt, Mary E. Iiames, Sondra Srinivasan, Arjun Fridkin, Scott K. TI Outbreak of cutaneous Rhizopus arrhizus infection associated with karaya ostomy bags SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MUCORMYCOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; CELLULITIS AB Background. We investigated an outbreak involving 2 patients hospitalized at hospital A with cutaneous Rhizopus arrhizus (oryzae) infections of surgically created stomas. Methods. A cohort study involving all patients having ileostomy or colostomy surgery during the outbreak period (January-April 2005) was performed. Environmental samples, including samples obtained from nonsterile karaya (a plant-derived adhesive) ostomy bags and from select hospital areas, were collected. A point prevalence survey was conducted at 5 unrelated hospitals to assess stoma care practices and mold contamination of karaya ostomy bags outside of hospital A. Zygomycete isolates were identified by standard methods. Results. Infections occurred 7 and 10 days after operations for the 2 patients; 1 patient died. In a 21-patient cohort, receiving the equivalent of >= 0.5 mg/kg per day of prednisone during the week prior to the index date was associated with infection (infection rate, 33% for patients receiving >= 0.5 mg/kg per day of prednisone vs. 0% for patients receiving >= 0.5 mg/kg per day of prednisone;). The time to first ostomy bag change was Pp. 07 longer for patients with infection (median duration, 8.5 days; range, 7-10 days) than for the 19 patients without infection (median duration, 1.5 days; range, 1-17 days;). At unrelated hospitals, the median time to first Pp. 08 ostomy bag change was 2 days (range, 1-6 days) for 18 patients after ostomy. R. arrhizus was recovered from 10 of 18 karaya ostomy bags from hospital A and from karaya ostomy bags donated from 3 of 5 other hospitals, but it was not recovered from the hospital A environment. Conclusions. The initial karaya ostomy bag was likely to be the source of Rhizopus infection, and prolonged exposure before the first ostomy bag change might have precipitated infection in these susceptible individuals. Karaya might contain opportunistic molds that can pose an infectious risk among susceptible persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. Akron Gen Med Ctr, Akron, OH USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skf0@cdc.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 9 BP E83 EP E88 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 092OF UT WOS:000241106500028 PM 17029127 ER PT J AU Averhoff, F Zucker, J Vellozzi, C Redd, S Woodfill, C Waterman, S Baggs, J Weinberg, M Rodriquez-Lainz, A Carrion, V Goto, C Reef, SE AF Averhoff, Francisco Zucker, Jane Vellozzi, Claudia Redd, Susan Woodfill, Celia Waterman, Steve Baggs, James Weinberg, Michelle Rodriquez-Lainz, Alfonso Carrion, Veronica Goto, Collin Reef, Susan E. TI Adequacy of surveillance to detect endemic rubella transmission in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MEASLES SURVEILLANCE; ELIMINATION; PREVENTION AB Background. Reported rubella cases in the United States are at the lowest numbers since the introduction of vaccine, suggesting that endemic transmission may have been interrupted. It is necessary to validate that the observed absence of rubella is due to the disappearance of disease rather than a failure of rubella surveillance. Methods. Adequate rubella surveillance to detect ongoing transmission is characterized by evidence that rubella investigations are being conducted, detection of importations, and lack of spread from confirmed cases. We reviewed rubella surveillance data and activities from 5 sources: (1) data reported to the national surveillance system; (2) a survey of health departments and public health laboratories, including questions regarding any links between measles and rubella surveillance; (3) enhanced rubella surveillance activities in California and in New York City; (4) sentinel surveillance along the US-Mexico border; and (5) case detection in 8 large health maintenance organizations (HMOs). Results. During 2002-2004, 35 cases of rubella were reported to the national system, including 12 (34%) imported cases. The 39 programs that responded to our survey reported conducting 1482 investigations for rubella; according to another national survey, 1921 investigations were conducted for measles. Forty-one laboratories responded to our survey and reported conducting 6428 tests for acute rubella. No previously undetected (or unreported) cases of rubella or congenital rubella syndrome were identified by our survey or reviews of surveillance in California, New York, and along the US-Mexico border, and no additional cases were detected in the HMO database. Conclusions. No previously unrecognized spread cases or outbreaks of rubella were detected. Surveillance in the United States is sufficiently sensitive to identify indigenous cases of rubella, if they were occurring, supporting the contention that rubella has been eliminated from the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Immunizat Branch, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Calif Off Binat Border Hlth, Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Emergency Med, Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Mexico Direcc Gen Epidemiol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Averhoff, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fma0@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 SU 3 BP S151 EP S157 DI 10.1086/505948 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 086EJ UT WOS:000240656300006 PM 16998775 ER PT J AU Bloom, S Smith, P Stanwyck, C Stokley, S AF Bloom, Sharon Smith, Phil Stanwyck, Carol Stokley, Shannon TI Has the United States population been adequately vaccinated to achieve rubella elimination? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; MEASLES AB Mathematical models indicate that elimination of rubella virus transmission requires maintenance of similar to 90% rubella immunity among children. To evaluate whether rubella vaccination coverage among US preschool and school-age children is at levels consistent with rubella elimination, we reviewed data from 3 sources: (1) the Biologics Surveillance, which documents the net number of vaccine doses sold (1970-2004); (2) state immunization surveys of school entrants 5-6 years of age (1980-2005); and (3) the National Immunization Survey of children 19-35 months of age (1995-2004). Vaccine biologics data show that the net number of rubella vaccine doses sold was at least equivalent to the number of children born each year during 1970-2004. The average coverage for school-entrant surveys among reporting states was > 95% for 1980-2004. National coverage among children 19-35 months of age was >= 90% overall for each year during 1995-2004. Three independent surveys suggest that childhood coverage with rubella-containing vaccine has been at sufficiently high levels to achieve elimination of rubella virus transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, CDC Minist Hlth & Social Serv, Windhoek, Namibia. CDC, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Assessment Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bloom, S (reprint author), 2540 Windhoek Pl, Dulles, VA 20189 USA. EM blooms@nacop.net NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 SU 3 BP S141 EP S145 DI 10.1086/505946 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 086EJ UT WOS:000240656300004 PM 16998773 ER PT J AU Dayan, GH Castillo-Solorzano, C Nava, M Hersh, BS Andrus, J Rodriguez, R Reef, SE AF Dayan, Gustavo H. Castillo-Solorzano, Carlos Nava, Margarita Hersh, Bradley S. Andrus, Jon Rodriguez, Romeo Reef, Susan E. TI Efforts at rubella elimination in the United States: The impact of hemispheric rubella control SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MEASLES ELIMINATION; PREVENTION; STRATEGIES; AMERICA; HEALTH AB We examined rubella vaccination trends, rubella surveillance, and disease patterns for the Americas, Mexico, and the United States, to evaluate the impact of hemispheric rubella control on rubella elimination in the United States during 1997-2004. In 1997, 130,375 rubella cases were reported in the Americas, with 38,042 reported in Mexico. Over the next 7 years, a rubella control initiative resulted in the administration of similar to 110 million rubella-containing vaccine doses in Latin America, with 77.7 million doses administered within Mexico. By 2004, the number of reported rubella cases had declined to 3103 in the Americas and 698 in Mexico. Concurrently, the number of rubella cases in the United States fell from 817 during 1997-1999 to < 25 cases/ year from 2001 onward, with loss of seasonality and geographic clustering, despite no change in vaccination rates. Implementation of rubella control strategies in the Americas, particularly in Mexico, appears to have facilitated rubella elimination in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Infants & Adolescents, Secretary Hlth, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Dayan, GH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gdayan@cdc.gov; sreef@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 SU 3 BP S158 EP S163 DI 10.1086/505949 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 086EJ UT WOS:000240656300007 PM 16998776 ER PT J AU Hyde, TB Kruszon-Moran, D McQuillan, GM Cossen, C Forghani, B Reef, SE AF Hyde, Terri B. Kruszon-Moran, Deanna McQuillan, Geraldine M. Cossen, Cynthia Forghani, Bagher Reef, Susan E. TI Rubella immunity levels in the United States population: Has the threshold of viral elimination been reached? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; MEASLES AB After the 1989-1991 rubella resurgence, rubella vaccination efforts targeted children and women of childbearing age. Utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collected during 1988-1994 and 1999 2004, we assessed whether US levels of rubella seropositivity are consistent with rubella elimination and whether changes are consistent with immunization efforts. Serum samples with rubella antibody levels >= 10 IU tested by rubella immunoglobulin G enzyme immunoassay were considered to be positive. In 1999-2004, the overall age-adjusted rubella seropositivity level was 91.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.5%-92.1%), a significant increase from 88.1% (95% CI, 86.9%-89.1%) in 1988-1994 (P <.001). Among children, seropositivity was highest in children 6-11 years of age (96.2%), followed by adolescents 12-19 years of age (93.7%). Both groups showed significant increases in immunity levels, in comparison with those in 1988-1994 (P <.001). Among adults, seropositivity among women increased (from 88.9% to 91.5%; P=.015), and there was no change among men (from 87.8% to 88.0%;). In 1999-2004, population rubella immunity levels were at or above the modeled threshold for elimination of rubella virus transmission. Increases in immunity levels are consistent with vaccination efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. RP Hyde, TB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM thyde@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 SU 3 BP S146 EP S150 DI 10.1086/505947 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 086EJ UT WOS:000240656300005 PM 16998774 ER PT J AU Reef, SE Redd, SB Abernathy, E Zimmerman, L Icenogle, JP AF Reef, Susan E. Redd, Susan B. Abernathy, Emily Zimmerman, Laura Icenogle, Joseph P. TI The epidemiological profile of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in the United States, 1998-2004: The evidence for absence of endemic transmission SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION; ELIMINATION; PREVENTION; MEASLES; WOMEN AB In 1969, the United States established its national rubella vaccination program. With the success of the program, 32 years later, reports of rubella reached record low numbers. To assess the achievement of elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the United States, 7 epidemiological criteria were used. Rubella cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System from 1998 through 2004 and CRS cases reported to the National Congenital Rubella Syndrome Registry from 1998 through 2004 were analyzed. During 1998-2000, the median number of reported rubella cases was 272, whereas, during 2001 2004, the median number reported was 13. The incidence of rubella decreased significantly, from 0.1/100,000 population in 1998 to 0.005/100,000 population in 2004. Since 2001, 5 infants with CRS have been reported 3 were born in 2001, 1 was born in 2003, and 1 was born in 2004. The epidemiological evidence strongly supports the claim that rubella is no longer endemic in the United States. To prevent future rubella outbreaks and CRS cases, current strategies must be maintained. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Reef, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1500 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sreef@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 SU 3 BP S126 EP S132 DI 10.1086/505944 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 086EJ UT WOS:000240656300002 PM 16998771 ER PT J AU Reef, SE Cochi, SL AF Reef, Susan E. Cochi, Stephen L. TI The evidence for the elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in the United States: A public health achievement - Introduction SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reef, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sreef@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 SU 3 BP S123 EP S125 DI 10.1086/505943 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 086EJ UT WOS:000240656300001 PM 16998770 ER PT J AU Phillips, DJ League, SC Weinstein, P Hooper, WC AF Phillips, Donald J. League, Stacy C. Weinstein, Paula Hooper, W. Craig TI Interference in microsphere flow cytometric multiplexed immunoassays for human cytokine estimation SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE cytokines; microspheres; multiplexed assay; immunoassay interference; heterophile antibody; IgY ID CONCENTRATION FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY; HETEROPHILE ANTIBODIES; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; FLOWMETRIX(TM) SYSTEM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CELL SORTER; SOLID-PHASE; HUMAN SERUM; HUMAN-IGG; QUANTIFICATION AB The present study describes positive and negative interference of human cytokine measurement in multiplexed bead-based immuno-assays. Significant differences in measured IL-6 and TNF-alpha values in 30 normal human plasma samples were apparent depending on whether measurements were with a 2-plex assay or embedded in a multiplex of 8-or more cytokine antibody pairs, as well as among the kits of 3-different vendors. Sample diluents containing proprietary blocking ingredients were shown to greatly affect the outcome of measured cytokine values. Additionally, recovery of IL-6 and TNF-alpha from spiked samples suggests significant negative interference from either endogenous antibodies, soluble receptors or anti-cytokine antibodies in 10% and 26% of samples, respectively. While it is evident that multiplexed immunoassays hold great promise for cytokine profiling, there are still important issues needing further study. Especially needed are universally optimized sample diluents, uniformly calibrated standards with mass values, and internal assay controls, which should greatly facilitate intralaboratory accuracy and precision and interlaboratory comparisons of cytokine measurements. Possible causes of interference and remedies are discussed. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mail Stop D02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM woh1@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD NOV PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2006.12.002 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 149OI UT WOS:000245155900011 PM 17306558 ER PT J AU Li, CY Ford, ES McGuire, LC Mokdad, AH Little, RR Reaven, GM AF Li, Chaoyang Ford, Earl S. McGuire, Lisa C. Mokdad, Ali H. Little, Randie R. Reaven, Gerald M. TI Trends in hyperinsulinemia among nondiabetic adults in the US SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; SENSITIVITY CHECK INDEX; UNITED-STATES; PLASMA-INSULIN; GLOBAL BURDEN; DISEASE RISK; CANCER RISK; LIFE-STYLE AB OBJECTIVE - insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia have been proposed as increasing risk for a variety of abnormalities and clinical syndromes, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to assess the trends in the mean concentrations of fasting serum insulin and the prevalence of hyperinsulinemia among nondiabetic adults during the periods of 1988-1994 and 1999-2002 in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We conducted analyses of data among men and nonpregnant women without diabetes aged :20 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; 1988-1994; n = 7,926) and NHANES 19992002 (n = 2,993). Both surveys were designed to represent the noninstitutionalized civilian U.S. population. We calculated age-adjusted mean concentrations of fasting insulin and the prevalence of hyperinsulinemia defined using the 75th percentile of fasting insulin among nondiabetic individuals as the cutoff value. RESULTS - The geometric mean concentrations of fasting insulin increased by similar to 5% from 1988-1994 to 1999-2002 among nondiabetic adults aged 20 years in the U.S. Mexican-American men, men and women aged 20-39 years, and non-Hispanic white women had a greater relative increase in the mean concentrations of fasting insulin than their counterparts. The prevalence of hyperinsulinemia increased by 35.1% overall (38.3% among men and 32.1% among women). CONCLUSIONS - in parallel with the obesity epidemic, concentrations of fasting insulin and prevalence of hyperinsulinemia have increased remarkably among nondiabetic U.S. adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Anat Sci & Child Hlth, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cli@cdc.gov OI Little, Randie/0000-0001-6450-8012 NR 54 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 2006 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2396 EP 2402 DI 10.2337/dc06-0289 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 105LA UT WOS:000242030200010 PM 17065674 ER PT J AU Rhodes, KV Pollock, DA AF Rhodes, Karin V. Pollock, Daniel A. TI The future of emergency medicine public health research SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HOSPITAL EMERGENCY; THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; INJURY SURVEILLANCE; DEPARTMENT PATIENTS; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; PARTNER VIOLENCE; PRIMARY-CARE; ACCESS AB The distinguishing feature of public health research is its focus on assessing, measuring, and monitoring the health of populations; in contrast, traditional biomedical research focuses on studying disease and treatment for individual patients [1]. Compared with most medical specialties, emergency medicine (EM) is well positioned to bridge biomedical and public health approaches for preventing disease and injury and promoting health through population-based strategies targeted at the community [2]. In its strategically vital position at the boundary between the hospital and the surrounding community, the emergency department (ED) is actually the linchpin for multiple systems of care. When all systems are functioning, EM offers access for all patients 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, regardless of their ability to pay. EM provides triage and care for both mental and physical health conditions, and links patients with the most appropriate providers and care settings for their presenting conditions. EM identifies unmet health needs and interfaces with primary care, specialty care, inpatient, outpatient, and community-based social services. The ED also collects data used for surveillance of infectious diseases (eg, sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]) and environmental emergencies (eg, heat waves, toxic spills) and forwards patient-level data to public health departments. However, research advances and practical innovations are needed to enhance surveillance data by enabling "real-time" reporting of more cases and more complete data about each case. In addition, the ED is well positioned to recognize and call attention to major social problems that impact the health of the public (breaches in food safety, homelessness, lack of health insurance or care coordination, child abuse, interpersonal violence). EM has great potential as a public health partner capable of monitoring and providing input into policies affecting the health of populations along a number of dimensions. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Social Policy & Practice, Dept Emergency Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthcare Outcomes Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rhodes, KV (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Social Policy & Practice, Dept Emergency Med, 3815 Walnut St,Room 201, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM kvr@sp2.upenn.edu NR 83 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1053 EP + DI 10.1016/j.emc.2006.06.003 PG 22 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 091XV UT WOS:000241062500015 PM 16982352 ER PT J AU Cono, J Cragan, JD Jamieson, DJ Rasmussen, SA AF Cono, Joanne Cragan, Janet D. Jamieson, Denise J. Rasmussen, Sonja A. TI Prophylaxis and treatment of pregnant women for emerging infections and bioterrorism emergencies SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; MEDICATION USE; DRUGS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; INFLUENZA; MONKEYPOX; SYSTEM; RISKS AB Emerging infectious disease outbreaks and bioterrorism attacks warrant urgent public health and medical responses. Response plans for these events may include use of medications and vaccines for which the effects on pregnant women and fetuses are unknown. Healthcare providers must be able to discuss the benefits and risks of these interventions with their pregnant patients. Recent experiences with outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome, monkeypox, and anthrax, as well as response planning for bioterrorism and pandemic influenza, illustrate the challenges of making recommendations about treatment and prophylaxis for pregnant women. Understanding the physiology of pregnancy, the factors that influence the teratogenic potential of medications and vaccines, and the infection control measures that may stop an outbreak will aid planners in making recommendations for care of pregnant women during large-scale infectious disease emergencies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cono, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop D10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcono@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2006 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1631 EP 1637 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 099DY UT WOS:000241573900001 PM 17283610 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Theiler, RN Rasmussen, SA AF Jamieson, Denise J. Theiler, Regan N. Rasmussen, Sonja A. TI Emerging infections and pregnancy SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; PNEUMOCYSTIS-JIROVECI; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; WOMEN; LISTERIOSIS; INFLUENZA; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; VARICELLA AB A key component of the response to emerging infections is consideration of special populations, including pregnant women. Successful pregnancy depends on adaptation of the woman's immune system to tolerate a genetically foreign fetus. Although the immune system changes are not well understood, a shift from cell-mediated immunity toward humoral immunity is believed to occur. These immunologic changes may alter susceptibility to and severity of infectious diseases in pregnant women. For example, pregnancy may increase susceptibility to toxoplasmosis and listeriosis and may increase severity of illness and increase mortality rates from influenza and varicella. Compared with information about more conventional disease threats, information about emerging infectious diseases is quite limited. Pregnant women's altered response to infectious diseases should be considered when planning a response to emerging infectious disease threats. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Grady Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop K34,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM djamieson@cdc.gov OI Theiler, Regan/0000-0002-3412-3653 NR 36 TC 178 Z9 194 U1 0 U2 10 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2006 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1638 EP 1643 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 099DY UT WOS:000241573900002 PM 17283611 ER PT J AU McCaig, LF McDonald, LC Mandal, S Jernigan, DB AF McCaig, Linda F. McDonald, L. Clifford Mandal, Sanjay Jernigan, Daniel B. TI Staphylococcus aureus-associated skin and soft tissue infections in ambulatory care SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; MANAGEMENT AB To describe the number and treatment of skin and soft tissue infections likely caused by Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, we analyzed data from the 1992-1994 and 2001-2003 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys. Each year, data were reported by an average of 1,400 physicians, 230 outpatient departments, and 390 emergency departments for 30,000, 33,000, and 34,000 visits, respectively. During 2001-2003, the number of annual ambulatory care visits for skin and soft tissue infections was 11.6 million; the visit rate was 410.7 per 10,000 persons. During the study period, rates of overall and physician office visits did not differ; however, rates of visits to outpatient and emergency departments increased by 59% and 31%, respectively. This increase may reflect the emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McCaig, LF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 3409, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM lfm1@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 3 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2006 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1715 EP 1723 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 099DY UT WOS:000241573900013 PM 17283622 ER PT J AU Rota, J Lowe, L Rota, P Bellini, W Redd, S Dayan, G van Binnendijk, R Hahne, S Tipples, G Macey, J Espinoza, R Posey, D Plummer, A Bateman, J Gudino, J Cruz-Ramirez, E Lopez-Martinez, I Anaya-Lopez, L Akwar, TH Giffin, S Carrion, V de Filippis, AMB Vicari, A Tan, C Wolf, B Wytovich, K Borus, P Mbugua, F Chege, P Kombich, J Akoua-Koffi, C Smit, S Bukenya, H Bwogi, J Baliraine, FN Kremer, J Muller, C Santibanez, S AF Rota, Jennifer Lowe, Luis Rota, Paul Bellini, William Redd, Susan Dayan, Gustavo van Binnendijk, Rob Hahne, Susan Tipples, Graham Macey, Jeannette Espinoza, Rita Posey, Drew Plummer, Andrew Bateman, John Gudino, Jose Cruz-Ramirez, Edith Lopez-Martinez, Irma Anaya-Lopez, Luis Akwar, Teneg Holy Giffin, Scott Carrion, Veronica de Filippis, Ana Maria Bispo Vicari, Andrea Tan, Christina Wolf, Bruce Wytovich, Katherine Borus, Peter Mbugua, Francis Chege, Paul Kombich, Janeth Akoua-Koffi, Chantal Smit, Sheilagh Bukenya, Henry Bwogi, Josephine Baliraine, Frederick Ndhoga Kremer, Jacques Muller, Claude Santibanez, Sabine TI Identical genotype B3 sequences from measles patients in 4 countries, 2005 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; VIRUS; ELIMINATION; OUTBREAK; AFRICA AB Surveillance of measles virus detected an epidemiologic link between a refugee from Kenya and a Dutch tourist in New Jersey, USA. Identical genotype B3 sequences from patients with contemporaneous cases in the United States, Canada, and Mexico in November and December 2005 indicate that Kenya was likely to have been the common source of virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. Inst Diagnost & Referencia Epidemiol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Direcc Gen Epidemiol Secretaria Salud, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. New Brunswick Dept Hlth, Fredericton, NB, Canada. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Inst Pasteur, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Lab Natl Sante, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. RP Rota, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop C22,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jrota@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2006 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1779 EP 1781 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 099DY UT WOS:000241573900028 PM 17283637 ER PT J AU Semaan, S Des Jarlais, DC Bicet, S AF Semaan, Salaam Des Jarlais, Don C. Bicet, Steve TI Sexual health in art and science SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FACE-TO-FACE; CONDOM USE; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; INTERVIEW MODES; RISK REDUCTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; SELF-REPORTS; SYPHILIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Semaan, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssemaan@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2006 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1782 EP 1788 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 099DY UT WOS:000241573900029 PM 17283638 ER PT J AU Kugeler, KJ Pappert, R Zhou, Y Petersen, JM AF Kugeler, Kiersten J. Pappert, Ryan Zhou, Yan Petersen, Jeannine M. TI Real-time PCR for Francisella tularensis types A and B SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID TULAREMIA; AGENT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Foothills Campus,POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM nzp0@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2006 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1799 EP 1801 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 099DY UT WOS:000241573900037 PM 17283646 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Women caring for children in "the floating world" SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2006 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1808 EP 1809 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 099DY UT WOS:000241573900044 PM 17283650 ER PT J AU Williams, MK Barr, DB Camann, DE Cruz, LA Carlton, EJ Borjas, M Reyes, A Evans, D Kinney, PL Whitehead, RD Perera, FP Matsoanne, S Whyatt, RM AF Williams, Megan K. Barr, Dana B. Camann, David E. Cruz, Linda A. Carlton, Elizabeth J. Borjas, Mejico Reyes, Andria Evans, Dave Kinney, Patrick L. Whitehead, Ralph D., Jr. Perera, Frederica P. Matsoanne, Stephen Whyatt, Robin M. TI An intervention to reduce residential insecticide exposure during pregnancy among an inner-city cohort SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE insecticides; integrated pest management; intervention; prenatal; residential ID LOW-INCOME; PESTICIDES; CHILDREN; PREVENTION; ABATEMENT; ASTHMA; RISKS AB BACKGROUND: We previously reported widespread insecticide exposure during pregnancy among inner-city women from New York City. Here we report on a pilot intervention using integrated pest management (IPM) to reduce pest infestations and residential insecticide exposures among pregnant New York City African-American and Latina women (25 intervention and 27 control homes). METHODS: The IPM consisted of professional cleaning, sealing of pest entry points, application of low-toxicity pesticides, and education. Cockroach infestation levels and 2-week integrated indoor air samples were collected at baseline and one month postintervention. The insecticides detected in the indoor air samples were also measured in maternal and umbilical cord blood collected at delivery. RESULTS: Cockroach infestations decreased significantly (p = 0.016) after the intervention among intervention cases but not control households. Among the intervention group, levels of piperonyl butoxide (a pyrethroid synergist) were significantly lower in indoor air samples after the intervention (p = 0.016). Insecticides were detected in maternal blood samples collected at delivery from controls but not from the intervention group. The difference was significant for trans-permethrin (P = 0.008) and of borderline significance (p = 0.1) for cis-permethrin and 2-isopropoxyphenol (a propoxur metabolite). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to use biologic dosimeters of prenatal pesticide exposure for assessing effectiveness of IPM. These pilot data suggest that IPM is an effective strategy for reducing pest infestation levels and the internal dose of insecticides during pregnancy. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New York, NY USA. RP Whyatt, RM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 60 Haven Ave,B-109, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM rmw5@columbia.edu RI Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P50 ES009600, P50 ES09600, R01 ES008977, R01 ES011158, R01 ES08977, R01 ES11158, P01 ES009600] NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 114 IS 11 BP 1684 EP 1689 DI 10.1289/ehp.9168 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 102OS UT WOS:000241822300028 PM 17107853 ER PT J AU Albertini, R Bird, M Doerrer, N Needham, L Robison, S Sheldon, L Zenick, H AF Albertini, Richard Bird, Michael Doerrer, Nancy Needham, Larry Robison, Steven Sheldon, Linda Zenick, Harold TI The use of biomonitoring data in exposure and human health risk assessments SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE arsenic; biomarkers; biomonitoring; exposure; methyl eugenol; organophosphorus; PBDE; PFOS; phthalates; risk assessment ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; BIRTH OUTCOMES; METHYL EUGENOL; POPULATION; METHYLEUGENOL; ASSOCIATION; METABOLITES; PHTHALATE; LENGTH AB Biomonitoring uses analytic methods that permit the accurate measurement of low levels of environmental chemicals in human tissues. However, depending on the intended use, biomonitoring, like all exposure tools, may not be a stand-alone exposure assessment tool for some of its environmental public health uses. Although biomonitoring data demonstrate that many environmental chemicals are absorbed in human tissues, uncertainty exists regarding if and at what concentrations many of these chemicals cause adverse health outcomes. Moreover, without exposure pathway information, it is difficult to relate biomonitoring results to sources and routes of exposure and develop effective health risk management strategies. In September 2004, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, and International Council of Chemical Associations co-sponsored the International Biomonitoring Workshop, which explored the processes and information needed for placing biomonitoring data into perspective for risk assessment purposes, with special emphasis on integrating biomarker measurements of exposure, internal dose, and potential health outcome. Scientists from international governments, academia, and industry recommended criteria for applying biomonitoring data for various uses. Six case studies, which are part of this mini-monograph, were examined: inorganic arsenic, methyl eugenol, organophosphorus pesticides, perfluorooctanesulfonate, phthalates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Based on the workshop and follow-up discussions, this overview article summarizes lessons learned, identifies data gaps, outlines research needs, and offers guidance for designing and conducting biomonitoring studies, as well as interpreting biomonitoring data in the context of risk assessment and risk management. C1 ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA. ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Doerrer, N (reprint author), ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoerrer@hesiglobal.org RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 48 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 16 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 114 IS 11 BP 1755 EP 1762 DI 10.1289/ehp.9056 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 102OS UT WOS:000241822300039 PM 17107864 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Angerer, J AF Barr, Dana B. Angerer, Juergen TI Potential uses of biomonitoring data: A case study using the organophosphorus pesticides chlorpyrifos and malathion SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; blood; chlorpyrifios; exposure; exposure assessment; human; mallathion; risk assessment; urine ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; CONTEMPORARY-USE PESTICIDES; HUMAN URINE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN EXPOSURE; GENERAL-POPULATION; ALKYL PHOSPHATES; GC-MS; QUANTIFICATION AB BACKGROUND: Organophosphorus pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and malathion are widely used insecticides. They do not bioaccumulate appreciably in humans and are rapidly metabolized and excreted in the urine. In nonoccupational settings, exposures to these pesticides are typically sporadic and short-lived because the pesticides tend to degrade in the environment over time; however, dietary exposures may be more chronic. Biologic monitoring has been widely used to assess exposures, susceptibility, and effects of chlorpyrifos and malathion; thus, the information base on these compounds is data rich. For biomonitoring of exposure, chlorpyrifos and malathion have been measured in blood, but most typically their urinary metabolites have been measured. For assessing early effects and susceptibility, cholinesterase and microsomal esterase activities, respectively, have been measured. OBJECTIVES: Although many biologic monitoring data have been generated and published on these chemicals, their interpretation is not straightforward. For example, exposure to environmental degradates of chlorpyrifos and mallathion may potentially increase f urinary metabolite levels, thus leading to overestimation of exposure. Also, the temporal nature of the exposures makes the evaluation of both exposure and effects difficult. We present an overview of the current biomonitoring and other relevant data available on exposure to chlorpyrifos and malathion and the use of these data in various environmental public health applications. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Erlangen Univ, Inst Occupat Social & Environm Med, Erlangen, Germany. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 56 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 114 IS 11 BP 1763 EP 1769 DI 10.1289/ehp.9062 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 102OS UT WOS:000241822300040 PM 17107865 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Mckee, RH AF Calafat, Antonia M. McKee, Richard H. TI Integrating biomonitoring exposure data into the risk assessment process: Phthalates [diethyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] as a case study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; biomonitoring; DEHP; DEP; exposure; human; phthalate; urine ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MALE REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP; N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; HUMAN URINE; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE AB The probability of nonoccupational exposure to phthalates is high given their use in a vast range of consurnables, including personal care products (e.g., perfumes, lotions, cosmetics), paints, industrial plastics, and certain medical devices and pharmaceuticals. Phthalates are of high interest because of their potential for human exposure and because animal toxicity studies suggest that some phthalates affect male reproductive development apparently via inhibition of androgen biosynthesis. In humans, phthalates are rapidly metabolized to their monoesters, which can be further transformed to oxidative products, conjugated, and eliminated. Phthalate metabolites have been used as biomarkers of exposure. Using urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations allows accurate assessments of human exposure because these concentrations represent an integrative measure of exposure to phthalates from multiple sources and routes. However, the health significance of this exposure is unknown. To link biomarker measurements to exposure, internal dose, or health outcome, additional information (e.g., toxicolkinetics, inter- and intraindividual differences) is needed. We present a case study using diethyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) plithalate as examples to illustrate scientific approaches and their limitations, identify data gaps, and outline research needs for using biomonitoring data in the context of human health risk assessment, with an emphasis on exposure and dose. Although the vast and growing literature on phthalates research could not be covered comprehensively in this article, we made every attempt to include the most relevant publications as of the end of 2005. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Chem Council, Toxicol Res Task Grp, Arlington, VA USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acalafat@cdc.gov NR 97 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 34 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 114 IS 11 BP 1783 EP 1789 DI 10.1289/ehp.9059 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 102OS UT WOS:000241822300043 PM 17107868 ER PT J AU Robison, SH Barr, DB AF Robison, Steven H. Barr, Dana B. TI Use of biomonitoring data to evaluate methyl eugenol exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; exposure assessment; methyl eugenol; risk assessment ID UNSCHEDULED DNA-SYNTHESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RAT HEPATOCYTES; METHYLEUGENOL; ALKENYLBENZENES; BIOACTIVATION; GENOTOXICITY; FRUIT AB Methyl eugenol is a naturally occurring material found in a variety of food sources, including spices, oils, and nutritionally important foods such as bananas and oranges. Given its natural occurrence, a broad cross-section of the population is likely exposed. The availability of biomonitoring and toxicology data offers an opportunity to examine how biomonitoring data can be integrated into risk assessment. Methyl eugenol has been used as a biomarker of exposure. An analytical method to detect methyl eugenol in human blood samples is well characterized but not readily available. Human studies indicate that methyl eugenol is short-lived in the body, and despite the high potential for exposure through the diet and environment, human blood levels are relatively low. The toxicology studies in animals demonstrate that relatively high-bolus doses administered orally result in hepatic neoplasms. However, an understanding is lacking regarding how this effect relates to the exposures that result when food containing methyl eugenol is consumed. Overall, the level of methyl eugenol detected in biomonitoring studies indicates that human exposure is several orders of magnitude lower than the lowest dose used in the bioassay. Furthermore, there are no known health effects in humans that result from typical dietary exposure to methyl eugenol. C1 Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Prod Safety Div, Miami Valley Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lav Sci Organ Analyt Toxicol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Robison, SH (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Prod Safety Div, Miami Valley Labs, 11810 E Miami River Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. EM robison.sh@pg.com RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 16 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 114 IS 11 BP 1797 EP 1801 DI 10.1289/ehp.9057 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 102OS UT WOS:000241822300045 PM 17107870 ER PT J AU Turyk, ME Anderson, HA Freels, S Chatterton, R Needham, LL Patterson, DG Steenport, DN Knobeloch, L Imm, P Persky, VW AF Turyk, Mary E. Anderson, Henry A. Freels, Sally Chatterton, Robert, Jr. Needham, Larry L. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Steenport, Dyan N. Knobeloch, Lynda Imm, Pamela Persky, Victoria W. CA Great Lakes Consortium TI Associations of organochlorines with endogenous hormones in male Great Lakes fish consumers and nonconsumers SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dioxin; PCB; thyroid; testosterone; estrone sulfate ID THYROID-HORMONE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HYDROXYLATED METABOLITES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DDT METABOLITE; LIVER-ENZYMES; HUMAN-SERUM; SPORT FISH; VITAMIN-A; EXPOSURE AB This study investigated the relationships of steroid and thyroid hormones with total noncoplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total toxic equivalents (TEQs) from dioxins-like organochlorines, and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in 56 male frequent and infrequent Great Lakes sport caught fish consumers. Significant negative associations were found for triiodothyronine (T-3) thyroxine (T-4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)-bound testosterone with PCBs, for TSH with total TEQs, and for estrone sulfate with DDE, adjusting for age, body mass index, and medication use. Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, free testosterone, and SHBG were not significantly associated with organochlorines. Models that accounted for exposure to both PCBs and TEQs predicted T4, estrone sulfate, and SHBG-bound testosterone better than models that included either PCBs or TEQs alone, with the lowest hormone levels occurring in the participants with both higher PCB levels and lower TEQ levels. These data suggest that exposure to PCBs, dioxin-like organochlorines, and DDE, alone and potentially in combination, may be associated with effects on the endocrine system in:adult males. Further studies should help delineate specific exposure effects and effects of exposures to other common environmental contaminants alone and in combination with PCBs. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Bur Environm Hlth, Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Northwestern Univ, Immunoassay Core Facil Lab, Robert H Lurie Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Turyk, ME (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, 1603 W Taylor St,Room 879,M-C 923, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM mturyk1@uic.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X FU ODCDC CDC HHS [1 T01 CD000189-01] NR 49 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 102 IS 3 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.01.009 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 108GM UT WOS:000242228300006 PM 16563369 ER PT J AU Hauser, R Meeker, JD Duty, S Silva, MJ Calafat, AM AF Hauser, Russ Meeker, John D. Duty, Susan Silva, Manori J. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Altered semen quality in relation to urinary concentrations of phthalate monoester and oxidative metabolites SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; TESTICULAR TOXICITY; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; NEONATAL-RATS; BIOMARKERS; DISPOSITION AB Background: Phthalates are multifunctional chemicals used in a variety of consumer, medical, and personal care products. Previously, we reported dose-response associations of decreased semen quality with urinary concentrations of monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and monobenzyl (MBzP) phthalate, which are metabolites of dibutyl phthalate and butylbenzyl phthalate, respectively. The present study extends our work in a larger sample of men and includes measurements of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) oxidative metabolites. Methods: Between January 2000 and May 2004, we recruited 463 male partners of subfertile couples who presented for semen analysis to the Massachusetts General Hospital. Semen parameters were dichotomized based on World Health Organization reference values for sperm concentration (<20 million/mL) and motility (<50% motile) and the Tygerberg Kruger Strict criteria for morphology (<4% normal). The comparison group was men with all 3 semen parameters above the reference values. In a single spot urine sample from each man, phthalate metabolites were measured using solid- phase extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Results: There were dose-response relationships of MBP with low sperm concentration (odds ratio per quartile adjusted for age, abstinence time, and smoking status = 1.00, 3.1, 2.5, 3.3; P for trend = 0.04) and motility (1.0, 1.5, 1.5, 1.8; P for trend = 0.04). There was suggestive evidence of an association between the highest MBzP quartile and low sperm concentration (1.00, 1.1, 1.1, 1.9; P for trend = 0.13). There were no relationships of monoethyl phthalate, monomethyl phthalate, and the DEHP metabolites with these semen parameters. Conclusion: The present study confirms previous results on the relationship of altered semen quality with exposure to MBP at general population levels. We did not find associations between semen parameters and 3 DEHP metabolites. C1 Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Simmons Coll, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Bldg 1,Room 1405,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hohp.harvard.edu OI Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09718, T32 ES07069, ES00002] NR 44 TC 205 Z9 218 U1 7 U2 39 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 BP 682 EP 691 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000235996.89953.d7 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 096VV UT WOS:000241405800014 PM 17003688 ER PT J AU Akinbami, L Parker, J Woodruff, T AF Akinbami, L. Parker, J. Woodruff, T. TI Association between outdoor air pollution and childhood asthma symptoms in metropolitan areas, United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Statist, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyasttville, CA USA. US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S275 EP S275 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00716 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401245 ER PT J AU Alavanja, MCR Mahajan, R Beane-Freeman, LE Lubin, JH Hines, CJ Thomas, K Coble, J Sandler, DP Hoppin, JA Blair, A AF Alavanja, M. C. R. Mahajan, R. Beane-Freeman, L. E. Lubin, J. H. Hines, C. J. Thomas, K. Coble, J. Sandler, D. P. Hoppin, J. A. Blair, A. TI Pesticide use and prostate cancer incidence in a prospective cohort study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 NIH, NCI, US Dept HHS, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genetics Occupat & Environm, Rockville, MD USA. NIH, NCI, US Dept HHS, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet Biostat Branch, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control, NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, US Dept HHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015 OI Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S116 EP S117 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00285 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400285 ER PT J AU Angerer, J Barr, D AF Angerer, Juergen Barr, Dana TI HBM as a reliable tool for assessing exposure to environmental chemicals and ensuring comparable data across studies SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S74 EP S75 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00169 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400169 ER PT J AU Apelberg, B Calafat, A Herbstman, J Witter, F Halden, R Kuklenyik, Z Heidler, J Needham, L Goldman, L AF Apelberg, B. Calafat, A. Herbstman, J. Witter, F. Halden, R. Kuklenyik, Z. Heidler, J. Needham, L. Goldman, L. TI Magnitude and determinants of perfluorinated chemical levels in cord blood SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. JHSPH, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S394 EP S394 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01050 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402071 ER PT J AU Balluz, L Okoro, C Bowman, B Serdula, M Mokdad, A AF Balluz, L. Okoro, C. Bowman, B. Serdula, M. Mokdad, A. TI Vitamin or supplement use among adults, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2001 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S319 EP S320 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00842 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401371 ER PT J AU Barr, D AF Barr, D. TI Overview of exposure assessment techniques SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S293 EP S294 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00767 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401296 ER PT J AU Barr, D Khoury, J Xu, Y Baez, S Bearer, C Dietrich, K Hornung, R Davis, M Needham, L Lanphear, B AF Barr, D. Khoury, J. Xu, Y. Baez, S. Bearer, C. Dietrich, K. Hornung, R. Davis, M. Needham, L. Lanphear, B. TI Assessment of maternal and infant exposures to pesticides and persistent pollutants SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH USA. Rainbow Childrens Hosp, Cleveland, OH USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S135 EP S136 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00337 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400337 ER PT J AU Barr, JR AF Barr, John R. TI Detection and differentiation of protein toxins and human pathogens by mass spectrometry SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S26 EP S26 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00023 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400023 ER PT J AU Boothe, V Dimmick, F Haley, V Paulu, C Bekkedal, M Holland, D Talbot, T Smith, A Werner, M Baldridge, E Mintz, D Fitz-Simons, T Bateson, T Watkins, T AF Boothe, V. Dimmick, F. Haley, V. Paulu, C. Bekkedal, M. Holland, D. Talbot, T. Smith, A. Werner, M. Baldridge, E. Mintz, D. Fitz-Simons, T. Bateson, T. Watkins, T. TI A review of public health air surveillance evaluation project SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. New York Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Maine Dept Hlth, Augusta, GA USA. Wisconsin Dept Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. Apex Epidemiol Res, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S450 EP S451 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01208 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402230 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Harnly, M Schwartz, J Barr, D Mckone, T Eskenazi, B AF Bradman, A. Harnly, M. Schwartz, J. Barr, D. Mckone, T. Eskenazi, B. TI Longitudinal analysis of factors predicting organophosphate pesticide exposure to children living in an agricultural area at ages 6, 12, and 24 months SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Disease Control, Richmond, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S101 EP S101 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00244 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400244 ER PT J AU Burns, J Williams, P Sergeyev, O Gitin, E Denisova, T Korrick, S Lee, M Revich, B Altshul, L Patterson, D Turner, W Ronnenberg, A Hauser, R AF Burns, J. Williams, P. Sergeyev, O. Gitin, E. Denisova, T. Korrick, S. Lee, M. Revich, B. Altshul, L. Patterson, D. Turner, W. Ronnenberg, A. Hauser, R. TI Local dietary contributions to serum dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyts in peri-pubertal Russian boys SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Samara State Univ, Med, Samara 443086, Russia. Chapaevsk Med Assoc, Chapaevsk, Russia. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA. Russian Acad Sci, Moscow, Russia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Sergeyev, Oleg/H-8854-2013 OI Sergeyev, Oleg/0000-0002-5745-3348 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S138 EP S139 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00344 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400344 ER PT J AU Calafat, A AF Calafat, Antonia TI National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in USA SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S76 EP S76 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00173 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400173 ER PT J AU Cragin, L Kesner, J Barr, D Bachand, A Meadows, J Reif, J AF Cragin, L. Kesner, J. Barr, D. Bachand, A. Meadows, J. Reif, J. TI Menstrual cycle characteristics and reproductive patterns in women exposed to atrazine in drinking water SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S369 EP S369 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00980 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402001 ER PT J AU Curwin, B Misty, H Sanderson, W Striley, C Heederik, D Kromhout, H Reynolds, S Alavanjal, M AF Curwin, B. Misty, H. Sanderson, W. Striley, C. Heederik, D. Kromhout, H. Reynolds, S. Alavanjal, M. TI Pesticide dose estimates for children of Iowa farmers and non-farmers SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Rockville, MD USA. RI Kromhout, Hans/A-9159-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S92 EP S92 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00220 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400220 ER PT J AU Engel, L Laden, F Andersen, A Strickland, P Blair, A Needham, L Barr, D Wolff, M Helzlsouer, K Hunter, D Lan, Q Cantor, K Comstock, G Brock, J Bush, D Rothman, N AF Engel, L. Laden, F. Andersen, A. Strickland, P. Blair, A. Needham, L. Barr, D. Wolff, M. Helzlsouer, K. Hunter, D. Lan, Q. Cantor, K. Comstock, G. Brock, J. Bush, D. Rothman, N. TI PCBs and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Results from three cohorts SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Canc Registry Norway, Oslo, Norway. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. NIH, NCI, US Dept HHS, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S116 EP S116 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00284 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400284 ER PT J AU Engel, S Berkowitz, G Barr, D Teitelbaum, S Chelimo, C Wolff, M AF Engel, S. Berkowitz, G. Barr, D. Teitelbaum, S. Chelimo, C. Wolff, M. TI Prenatal exposure to organophosphates and organochlorines and performance on the bayley scales of infant development SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S400 EP S400 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402087 ER PT J AU Engel, S Berkowitz, G Barr, D Teitelbaum, S AF Engel, S. Berkowitz, G. Barr, D. Teitelbaum, S. TI Prenatal exposure to organophosphates and organochlorines and performance on the brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S400 EP S400 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402086 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Marks, AR Harley, K Bradman, A Johnson, C Barr, DB Morga, N Jewell, NP AF Eskenazi, B. Marks, A. R. Harley, K. Bradman, A. Johnson, C. Barr, D. B. Morga, N. Jewell, N. P. TI Organophosphate pesticides and neurodevelopment in young Mexican-American children SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Hlth Assessment Mothers & Children Salinas, Clin Salud Valle Salinas, Salinas, CA USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S102 EP S103 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00248 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400248 ER PT J AU Herbstman, J Sjodin, A Apelberg, B Witter, F Patterson, D Halden, R Jones, R Park, A Zhang, Y Heidler, J Needham, L Goldman, L AF Herbstman, J. Sjoedin, A. Apelberg, B. Witter, F. Patterson, D. Halden, R. Jones, R. Park, A. Zhang, Y. Heidler, J. Needham, L. Goldman, L. TI Determinants of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in an urban population SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S403 EP S403 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01075 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402096 ER PT J AU Kato, K Silva, M Needham, L Calafat, A AF Kato, K. Silva, M. Needham, L. Calafat, A. TI Assessing gestational exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate using meconium SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S294 EP S294 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00769 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401298 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Kaplan, B Shim, Y Tylenda, C AF Lee, J. H. Kaplan, B. Shim, Y. Tylenda, C. TI Adverse birth outcomes and exposures to air pollutants assessed by spatial and temporal modeling in Incheon, Republic of Korea SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Inha Univ, Dept OEM, Inchon, South Korea. ATSDR, Div Human Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S130 EP S130 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00321 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400321 ER PT J AU Lu, C Barr, D Pearson, M Bartell, S Bravo, R AF Lu, C. Barr, D. Pearson, M. Bartell, S. Bravo, R. TI A longitudinal approach of assessing urban and suburban children's exposure to pyrethroid pesticides SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Env Occ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Bartell, Scott/M-8919-2013 OI Bartell, Scott/0000-0001-7797-2906 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S406 EP S407 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01084 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402105 ER PT J AU Meeker, JD Barr, DB Serdar, B Rappaport, SM Hauser, R AF Meeker, J. D. Barr, D. B. Serdar, B. Rappaport, S. M. Hauser, R. TI Utility of urinary 1-Naphthol and 2-naphthol levels to assess environmental carbaryl and naphthalene exposure in an epidemiology study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S301 EP S301 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00787 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401316 ER PT J AU Morgan, M Stout, D Barrt, D AF Morgan, M. Stout, D. Barrt, D. TI Pilot study of the potential for human exposures to pet-borne diazinon residues following lawn applications SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S91 EP S91 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00217 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400217 ER PT J AU Needham, L Van Oostdam, J Hernandez Avila, M AF Needham, L. Van Oostdam, J. Hernandez Avila, M. TI Determination of dioxin toxic equivalents in maternal bloods from Canada, Mexico, and United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Canada, Safety Environm Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S409 EP S409 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01092 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402113 ER PT J AU Needham, LL AF Needham, Larry L. TI Exposure assessment in Seveso SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S82 EP S82 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00193 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400193 ER PT J AU Parker, J Woodruff, T Akinbami, L Kravets, N AF Parker, J. Woodruff, T. Akinbami, L. Kravets, N. TI Geographic linkage of US national health datasets with air pollution data SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S481 EP S482 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01293 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402314 ER PT J AU Perera, F Rauh, V Whyatt, R Jedrychowski, W Lederman, S Miller, R Barr, D Camann, D Kinney, P Andrews, H Orjuela, M Tang, D Wolff, M Engel, S Gilliland, F Eskenazi, B Bradman, A Holland, N Harley, K AF Perera, F. Rauh, V. Whyatt, R. Jedrychowski, W. Lederman, S. Miller, R. Barr, D. Camann, D. Kinney, P. Andrews, H. Orjuela, M. Tang, D. Wolff, M. Engel, S. Gilliland, F. Eskenazi, B. Bradman, A. Holland, N. Harley, K. TI In utero and childhood environmental exposures and multiple health outcomes: NIEHS/EPA Children's Center cohort studies SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Pub Hlth, New York, NY USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Krakow, Poland. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Mt Sinai Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Dis Prevent, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S411 EP S412 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01099 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402120 ER PT J AU Riederer, A Barr, D Ryan, PB AF Riederer, A. Barr, D. Ryan, P. B. TI Temporal variability in diet and urinary concentrations of pyrethroid and organophosphate pesticide metabolites in adult volunteers from a large US city SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S372 EP S373 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00991 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402012 ER PT J AU Rubin, C Kiesak, S Holmes, A Marcus, M Heron, J Barr, D Calafat, A Sjodin, A Mcgeehin, M Jones, R Golding, J AF Rubin, C. Kiesak, S. Holmes, A. Marcus, M. Heron, J. Barr, D. Calafat, A. Sjodin, A. Mcgeehin, M. Jones, R. Golding, J. TI Physical maturation and exposure to environmental chemicals: A cohort analysis SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. RI Heron, Jon/D-5884-2011 OI Heron, Jon/0000-0001-6199-5644 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S100 EP S101 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00243 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400243 ER PT J AU Rusiecki, J Cash, J Raines, C Brinton, L Zahm, S Mason, T Needham, L Blair, A Sieber, S Hoover, R AF Rusiecki, J. Cash, J. Raines, C. Brinton, L. Zahm, S. Mason, T. Needham, L. Blair, A. Sieber, S. Hoover, R. TI Serum concentrations of organochlorine compounds and mammographic density in a highly exposed population in Triana, Alabama SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Alabama, Coll Nursing, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S89 EP S89 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00212 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400212 ER PT J AU Strickland, M Correa, A Reller, M Mahle, W Botto, L Riehle, T Siffel, C Flanders, W Klein, M Marcus, M Mulholland, J Tolbert, P AF Strickland, M. Correa, A. Reller, M. Mahle, W. Botto, L. Riehle, T. Siffel, C. Flanders, W. Klein, M. Marcus, M. Mulholland, J. Tolbert, P. TI Time-series analysis of air pollution and congenital heart defects SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Ctr Birth Defects Dev Disabilities, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S270 EP S270 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00703 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401232 ER PT J AU Teitelbaum, S Calafat, A Britton, J Silva, M Ye, X Reidy, J Brenner, B Galvez, M Wolff, M AF Teitelbaum, S. Calafat, A. Britton, J. Silva, M. Ye, X. Reidy, J. Brenner, B. Galvez, M. Wolff, M. TI How representative is a single urine sample of a six-month average for urinary phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S335 EP S336 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00888 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401417 ER PT J AU Tornero-Velez, R Xue, J Scollon, E Egeghy, P Barr, D Devito, M Dary, C AF Tornero-Velez, R. Xue, J. Scollon, E. Egeghy, P. Barr, D. Devito, M. Dary, C. TI Dietary exposure to pyrethroids in the US population SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S303 EP S304 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00795 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401324 ER PT J AU Van Oostdam, J Hernandez Avila, M Needham, L AF Van Oostdam, J. Hernandez Avila, M. Needham, L. TI Development of a regional maternal blood contaminant monitoring project SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Hlth Canada, Safe Environm Programme, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S418 EP S419 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01118 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402139 ER PT J AU Wade, T Calderon, R Sams, E Beach, M Brenner, K Dufour, A AF Wade, T. Calderon, R. Sams, E. Beach, M. Brenner, K. Dufour, A. TI A faster method of measuring recreational water quality for better protection of swimmers' health SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S220 EP S220 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00561 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401090 ER PT J AU Wang, R Rubin, C Patel, M Jain, R Needham, L AF Wang, R. Rubin, C. Patel, M. Jain, R. Needham, L. TI Persistent organic pollutants in first-time pregnant women in the United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Ctr Dis Control Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S411 EP S411 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01097 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402118 ER PT J AU Wang, RY Caudill, SP Sandau, CD Sjodin, A Li, Z Romanoff, LC Needham, LL Patterson, DG AF Wang, Richard Y. Caudill, Samuel P. Sandau, Courtney D. Sjodin, Andreas Li, Zheng Romanoff, Lovisa C. Needham, Larry L. Patterson, Donald G. TI Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in children in the United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010; Sandau, Courtney/D-9555-2015 OI Sandau, Courtney/0000-0002-4387-3480 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S34 EP S34 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00047 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400047 ER PT J AU Warner, M Eskenazi, B Olive, D Samuels, S Needham, L Patterson, D Miles, S Vercellini, P Gerthoux, P Mocarelli, P AF Warner, M. Eskenazi, B. Olive, D. Samuels, S. Needham, L. Patterson, D. Miles, S. Vercellini, P. Gerthoux, P. Mocarelli, P. TI Dioxin exposure and quality of ovarian function SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Madison, WI USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Milan, Mangiagalli Hosp, Milan, Italy. Univ Milano Bicocca, Hosp Desio, Desio, Italy. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Vercellini, Paolo/K-5295-2016 OI Vercellini, Paolo/0000-0003-4195-0996 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S93 EP S94 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00224 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400224 ER PT J AU Weldon, RH Webster, M Harley, K Bradman, A Fenster, L Barr, DB Jewell, NP Holland, N Eskenazi, B AF Weldon, R. H. Webster, M. Harley, K. Bradman, A. Fenster, L. Barr, D. B. Jewell, N. P. Holland, N. Eskenazi, B. TI Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and duration of lactation in Mexican-American mothers SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Disease Control, Richmond, CA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S193 EP S193 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00490 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443401019 ER PT J AU Whyatt, RM Perera, FP Williams, MK Barr, DB Camann, DE Rauh, VA AF Whyatt, Robin M. Perera, Frederica P. Williams, Megan K. Barr, Dana B. Camann, David E. Rauh, Virginia A. TI Residential pesticides use during pregnancy among an inner-city cohort in New York city: Resultant health effects and an intervention to reduce exposures SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Columbia Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Public Hlth, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S87 EP S87 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00206 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400206 ER PT J AU Windham, G Wolff, M Pinney, S Teitelbaum, S Calafat, A Sjodin, A Pfeiffer, C Barr, D Erdmann, C Koblick, K Collmann, G AF Windham, G. Wolff, M. Pinney, S. Teitelbaum, S. Calafat, A. Sjodin, A. Pfeiffer, C. Barr, D. Erdmann, C. Koblick, K. Collmann, G. TI Biomarkers of environmental exposures in a multi-site study of young girls SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Univ Cincinnati, Sch Med, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Cty Marin, San Rafael, CA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S419 EP S419 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01120 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402141 ER PT J AU Wolff, M Eskenazi, B Whyatt, R Engel, S Harley, K Bradman, A Perera, F Rauh, V Barr, D AF Wolff, M. Eskenazi, B. Whyatt, R. Engel, S. Harley, K. Bradman, A. Perera, F. Rauh, V. Barr, D. TI Environmental exposures and birth outcomes in the NIEHS/EPA Children's Center birth cohorts SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S419 EP S420 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01121 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402142 ER PT J AU Kobau, R Gilliam, F Thurman, DJ AF Kobau, Rosemarie Gilliam, Frank Thurman, David J. TI Prevalence of self-reported epilepsy or seizure disorder and its associations with self-reported depression and anxiety: Results from the 2004 Healthstyles Survey SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; depression; anxiety; HealthStyles survey ID PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; MOOD DISORDERS; UNITED-STATES; COMORBIDITY; POPULATION; ADULTS; COST AB Purpose: To examine the prevalence of self-reported epilepsy or seizure disorder and its association with self-reported recent depression and anxiety in a large sample of the U.S. adult population. Methods: We analyzed data from adults aged 18 years or older (n = 4,345) who participated in the 2004 HealthStyles Survey, a large mail panel survey designed to be representative of the U.S. population. Results: Among U.S. adults aged 18 years or older, we estimated that 2.9% have been told by a doctor that they had epilepsy or seizure disorder, and an estimated 1.6% and 0.9% had active and inactive epilepsy, respectively. After controlling for demographic characteristics, we estimated that adults with self-reported epilepsy were twice as likely to self-report depression or anxiety in the previous year as were adults without epilepsy, and adults with active epilepsy were 3 times as likely to self-report depression and twice as likely to have anxiety in the previous year as were adults without epilepsy. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the burden of self-reported depression and anxiety among adults with self-reported epilepsy or seizure disorder, and suggest that healthcare providers should attempt to determine whether adult patients with epilepsy have any psychiatric comorbidity potentially to improve health outcomes. Questions about epilepsy and related factors should be routinely included on population-based surveys so that we can better understand the epilepsy distribution in the U.S. population and identify the unmet health and psychosocial needs of people with epilepsy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epilepsy Program, CoCHP, NCCDPHP,DACH,Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Columbia Univ, Inst Neurol, Comprehens Epilepsy Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Kobau, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epilepsy Program, CoCHP, NCCDPHP,DACH,Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MSK-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RKobau@cdc.gov FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS040808, K24 NS047551] NR 32 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD NOV PY 2006 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1915 EP 1921 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00612.x PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 104IV UT WOS:000241953000018 PM 17116032 ER PT J AU Hourani, LL Davidson, L Clinton-Sherrod, M Patel, N Marshall, M Crosby, AE AF Hourani, Laurel L. Davidson, Lucy Clinton-Sherrod, Monique Patel, Nita Marshall, Maureen Crosby, Alex E. TI Suicide prevention and community-level indictors SO EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING LA English DT Article DE suicide rates; suicide prevention; social indicators; community; evaluation; needs assessment ID MENTAL-HEALTH-SERVICES; SOCIAL-INDICATORS; NEEDS; STATES; RATES; UNEMPLOYMENT; POLICY; RISK AB This study sought to develop a set of easily obtainable, relevant measures of a community's condition that could be used to guide its suicide prevention efforts. Existing data were gathered across 159 Georgia counties for nine potential social indicators (rates of net migration, divorce, unemployment, violent crimes reported, driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs [DUI] crashes, high school dropouts, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families [TANF], percentage of population aged 65 or older, and percentage of population who are white males) that had been chosen by the communities. Data on the social indicators from 1995 through 1999 were averaged and analyzed to determine their correlation with aggregated 5-year county suicide rates. Results of multivariate modeling procedures showed number of DUI crashes and percentage of the population aged 65 or older to be significant correlates of the suicide rate, controlling for other potential indicators. These preliminary data may provide a useful model of a county's 5-year suicide rate among counties reporting 20 or more suicides. Research with additional indicators and in other states will help determine the generalizability of these findings to other communities. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 RTI Int, Dept Hlth Social & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), RTI Int, Dept Hlth Social & Econ Res, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hourani@rti.org NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7189 J9 EVAL PROGRAM PLANN JI Eval. Program Plan. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 377 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2006.08.001 PG 9 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 114VV UT WOS:000242694600005 PM 17950865 ER PT J AU MacClellan, LR Mitchell, BD Cole, JW Wozniak, MA Stern, BJ Giles, WH Brown, DW Sparks, MJ Kittner, SJ AF MacClellan, Leah R. Mitchell, Braxton D. Cole, John W. Wozniak, Marcella A. Stern, Barney J. Giles, Wayne H. Brown, David W. Sparks, Mary J. Kittner, Steven J. CA Stroke Prevention Young Women Stud TI Familial aggregation of ischemic stroke in young women: The stroke prevention in young women study SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerebral infarction; age of onset; genetics; risk factors ID RISK-FACTORS; HISTORY; SUBTYPES; AGE AB Background and Purpose: Stroke occurs infrequently in young adults. While a familial basis for older onset stroke is well established, the extent of familial clustering in young-onset stroke is unknown. To address this issue, we compared the frequency of stroke in relatives of stroke cases to that in relatives of controls across different ages and by stroke subtype. Methods: Through a population-based case-control study of stroke, we identified 487 women aged 15-49 years with ischemic stroke and 615 women without stroke matched by age and geographic region. Family history of stroke was collected for 5,749 relatives (parents and siblings) of case and control probands by standardized interview. Results: Strokes were reported in 149 relatives of case patients and 119 relatives of controls. Siblings of stroke case patients had more than four times the risk of stroke compared to siblings of controls (OR, 4.17; 95% CI, 1.9-8.8) and mothers of stroke case patients had twice the risk of stroke compared to mothers of control subjects (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.4-3.0). The association between stroke in probands and family history of stroke was strongest among women aged 15-24 years (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 0.4-15.1), and diminished with increasing proband age (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.8-3.3 among women 25-34 years and OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9 among women 35-49 years; P < 0.0001 for trend). Conclusions: We conclude that young-onset stroke aggregates in families and that the magnitude of aggregation increases with decreasing proband age. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Sch Med, Jacksonville, FL 32246 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. VA Maryland Hlth Care Syst, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP MacClellan, LR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Sch Med, 4585 Shiloh Mill Blvd, Jacksonville, FL 32246 USA. EM lmacclel@epi.umaryland.edu OI Mitchell, Braxton/0000-0003-4920-4744 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 165001]; NIA NIH HHS [P60 AG 12583]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS 45012] NR 16 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 30 IS 7 BP 602 EP 608 DI 10.1002/gepi.20171 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 097PU UT WOS:000241461200005 PM 16868965 ER PT J AU Goff, BA Matthews, BJ Wynn, M Muntz, HG Lishner, DM Baldwin, LM AF Goff, Barbara A. Matthews, Barbara J. Wynn, Michelle Muntz, Howard G. Lishner, Denise M. Baldwin, Laura-Mae TI Ovarian cancer: Patterns of surgical care across the United States SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ovarian cancer; surgical care ID IV EPITHELIAL OVARIAN; SURGERY; SURVIVAL; CYTOREDUCTION; MANAGEMENT; OUTCOMES; WOMEN; CHEMOTHERAPY; CARCINOMA; ENGLAND AB Objective. To describe the primary surgical procedures and procedures for intraoperative and postoperative complications, and factors associated with these procedures, in women with ovarian cancer. Methods. Using hospital discharge data from nine states, obtained from the Heath Care Cost and Utilization Project from 1999 to 2002, we evaluated 10,432 women with a primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer who underwent at least an oophorectomy for additional procedural ICD-9 codes during their initial hospitalization. Results. Surgical procedures performed in addition to oophorectomy included: omentectomy/debulking 81.9%, hysterectomy 73.4%, lymph node dissection 41.4%, appendectomy 23.8%, bowel procedures 19.8%, laparoscopy 5.6%, diaphragmatic procedures 4.9%, colostomy 3.5%, and splenectomy 1.2%. Transfusions were given to 15.5% of patients. Intraoperative and postoperative procedures for complications were coded in 7.4% of patients, including repair of surgical injury 3.5%, procedures for cardiopulmonary complications 2.8%, reoperation 1.1%, and infection treatment 0.3%. In early stage disease 21.4% of women received no additional staging procedures and 46.8% did not have nodal sampling. In bivariate analysis of crude rates, factors associated with lymph node dissection were patient age, race, payer, teaching hospital status, hospital and surgeon volume, and surgeon specialty, p < .01. for all observations. Colostomies were performed by general surgeons in 23.1% of cases, by gynecologic oncologists in 2.7% of cases, and by obstetrician/gynecologists in no cases, p < .001. Complications were associated with age, payer, median household income, and stage, p < .001 for all observations. Complication rates were similar for low- and high-volume hospitals and surgeons. However, in higher volume settings, significantly more patients received debulking procedures, lymph node dissections, and additional surgical procedures, p < .001 for all observations. Conclusions. A significant percentage of women with ovarian cancer did not receive recommended surgical procedures. Almost 50% of women with early stage disease were not adequately staged and in women with advanced disease, the percentage who had additional surgical procedures such as bowel resections was much lower than in institutions that report high optimal cytoreduction rates. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Sect Gynecol & Gynecol Oncol, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Goff, BA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Box 356460, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bgoff@u.washington.edu FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [I-U48-DP-000050] NR 29 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 103 IS 2 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.08.010 PG 8 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 101SA UT WOS:000241759600003 PM 17005244 ER PT J AU Maxwell, GL Schildkraut, JM Calingaert, B Risinger, JI Dainty, L Marchbanks, PA Berchuck, A Barrett, JC Rodriguez, GC AF Maxwell, G. L. Schildkraut, J. M. Calingaert, B. Risinger, J. I. Dainty, L. Marchbanks, P. A. Berchuck, A. Barrett, J. C. Rodriguez, G. C. TI Progestin and estrogen potency of combination oral contraceptives and endometrial cancer risk SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Gynecologic-Oncologists CY FEB 07-11, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Gynecol Oncol DE endometrial cancer; oral contraceptives ID OVARIAN-CANCER; OVERWEIGHT; CARCINOMA; OBESITY; WOMEN AB Objective. Using data from a case-control study of endometrial cancer, we investigated the relationship between the progestin and estrogen potency in combination oral contraceptives (OCs) and the risk of developing endometrial cancer. Methods. Subjects included 434 endometrial cancer cases and 2557 controls identified from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone (CASH) study. OCs were classified into four categories according to the individual potencies of each hormonal constituent (high versus low estrogen or progestin potency). Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between endometrial cancer risk and combination OC formulations. Results. With non-users as the referent group, use of OCs with either high potency progestin [odds ratio for endometrial cancer (OR)=0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.10 to 0.43] or with low potency progestin (OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.25 to 0.60) were both associated with a decreased risk of endometrial cancer. Overall high progestin potency OCs did not confer significantly more protection than low progestin potency OCs (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.24 to 1.14). However, among women with a body mass index of 22.1 kg/m(2) or higher, those who used high progestin potency oral contraceptives had a lower risk of endometrial cancer than those who used low progestin potency oral contraceptives (OR=0.31, 95% CI=0.11 to 0.92) while those with a BMI below 22.1 kg/m(2) did not (OR=1.36, 95% CI=0.39 to 4.70). Conclusion. The potency of the progestin in most OCs appears adequate to provide a protective effect against endometrial cancer. Higher progestin-potency OCs may be more protective than lower progestin potency OCs among women with a larger body habitus. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. US Mil Canc Inst, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, Div Canc Control, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston NW Healthcare, Div Gynecol Oncol, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Maxwell, GL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM george.maxwell@na.amedd.arymy.mil FU NICHD NIH HHS [3-Y01-HD-8-1037] NR 20 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 103 IS 2 BP 535 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.03.046 PG 6 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 101SA UT WOS:000241759600028 PM 16740300 ER PT J AU Martinez, G Marin, BV Schoua-Glusberg, A AF Martinez, Gladys Marin, Barbara V. Schoua-Glusberg, Alisu TI Translating from English to Spanish - The 2002 National Survey of Family Growth SO HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE translation; Spanish; Hispanics; National Survey of Family Growth; cognitive interviewing AB In 2002, the National Center for Health Statistics conducted Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), surveying a nationally representative sample of 12,500 women and men from 15 to 44 years of age, including more than 2,700 Hispanics. The process for developing the Spanish version of the NSFG included modified committee translation, review of the instrument for cultural difficulties and misunderstandings, cognitive interviewing, and extensive pretesting. Interviewer debriefing provided additional information about the Spanish instrument. Challenges to developing an easily understood instrument included the language level of the survey, language misunderstandings, and cultural issues. To improve surveys of this type, sufficient time should be allowed for translation and qualitative testing. Debriefing of interviewers is a valuable source of data on instrument issues. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Res Support Serv, Evanston, IL USA. RP Martinez, G (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0739-9863 J9 HISPANIC J BEHAV SCI JI Hisp. J. Behav. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 28 IS 4 BP 531 EP 545 DI 10.1177/0739986306292293 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 095TE UT WOS:000241330400004 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Bartlett, J Reagan, S Fischer, M Finn, S O'Briain, DS Black, M Hood, J Zaki, SR AF Guarner, Jeannette Bartlett, Jeanine Reagan, Sarah Fischer, Marc Finn, Stephen O'Briain, D. Sean Black, Marjorie Hood, John Zaki, Sherif R. TI Immunohistochemical evidence of Clostridium sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and group A Streptococcus in severe soft tissue infections related to injection drug use SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunohistochemistry; Clostridium; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; soft tissue infections ID OUTBREAK; ANTHRAX; PATHOLOGY; ILLNESS AB Severe soft tissue infections are caused by either single or multiple microorganisms. We performed a retrospective immunohistochemical (IHC) study on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded soft tissue samples from 20 injection drug users who were part of a cluster of severe illness and death after skin and soft tissue infections in Scotland and Ireland in 2000. The IHC assays used antibodies against Clostridium sp, Staphylococcus aureus, group A streptococci, and Bacillus anthracis. Intact bacilli and granular Clostridium antigen staining in areas with necrosis, edema, and inflammation were observed in skin, fascia, or muscle samples of 12 (60%) patients. A variety of clostridia were isolated from affected soft tissues in 10 IHC-positive cases. Staphylococcus aureus antigens were observed in 3 cases including 1 where S aureus was isolated, 1 with negative cultures, and 1 where mixed cultures were obtained. Group A streptococcal antigens were observed in 1 case in which Streptocoecus pyogenes and S aureus were isolated. By using IHC, we detected different bacteria in archival soft tissue samples from patients with severe skin and soft tissue infections. Immunohistochemical assays can be of great diagnostic value, particularly for bacteria such as Clostridium sp, which are difficult to isolate because of their anaerobic fastidious growth requirements. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St James Hosp, Cent Pathol Lab, Dublin 8, Ireland. Univ Glasgow, Dept Forens Med & Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Glasgow Royal Infirm, Dept Clin Microbiol, Glasgow G4 0SF, Lanark, Scotland. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jguarner@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; OI Finn, Stephen/0000-0002-8628-5814 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1482 EP 1488 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.05.011 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 104LO UT WOS:000241960100013 PM 16949918 ER PT J AU Clark, T Huhn, GD Conover, C Cali, S Arduino, MJ Hajjeh, R Brandt, ME Fridkin, SK AF Clark, Thomas Huhn, Gregory D. Conover, Craig Cali, Salvatore Arduino, Matthew J. Hajjeh, Rana Brandt, Mary E. Fridkin, Scott K. TI Outbreak of bloodstream infection with the mold Phialemonium among patients receiving dialysis at a hemodialysis unit SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL WATER; ENDOCARDITIS; OBOVATUM; CONTAMINATION AB background Molds are a rare cause of disseminated infection among dialysis patients. objective. We evaluated a cluster of intravascular infections with the mold Phialemonium among patients receiving hemodialysis at the same facility in order to identify possible environmental sources and prevent further infection. design. Environmental assessment and case-control study. setting. A hemodialysis center affiliated with a tertiary care hospital. methods. We reviewed surveillance and clinical microbiology records and performed a blood culture survey for all patients. The following data for case patients were compared with those for control patients: underlying illness, dialysis characteristics, medications, and other possible exposure for 120 days prior to infection. Environmental assessment of water treatment, dialysis facilities, and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems of the current and previous locations of the dialysis center was performed. Samples were cultured for fungus; Phialemonium isolates were confirmed by sequencing of DNA. Investigators observed dialysis access site disinfection technique. results. Four patients were confirmed as case patients, defined as a patient having intravascular infection with Phialemonium species; 3 presented with fungemia, and 1 presented with an intravascular graft infection. All case patients used a fistula or graft for dialysis access, as did 12 (75%) of 16 of control patients (P < .54). Case and control patients did not differ in other dialysis characteristics, medications received, physiologic findings, or demographic factors. Phialemonium species were not recovered from samples of water or dialysis machines, but were recovered from the condensation drip pans under the blowers of the HVAC system that supplied air to the dialysis center. Observational study of 21 patients detected suboptimal contact time with antiseptic agents used to prepare dialysis access sites. conclusion. The report of this outbreak adds to previous published reports of Phialemonium infection occurring in immunocompromised patients who likely acquired infection in the healthcare setting. Recovery of this mold from blood culture should be considered indicative of infection until proven otherwise. Furthermore, an investigation into possible healthcare-related environmental reservoirs should be considered. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Great Lakes Ctr Excellence Environm Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skf0@cdc.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X FU PHS HHS [S1944-21/23] NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1164 EP 1170 DI 10.1086/508822 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205AG UT WOS:000249084500005 PM 17080372 ER PT J AU Lindley, MC Wortley, PM Winston, CA Schwartz, B AF Lindley, Megan C. Wortley, Pascale M. Winston, Carla A. Schwartz, Benjamin TI Programmatic factors related to smallpox vaccine uptake by healthcare workers and others SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat AB We surveyed program coordinators at 106 hospitals and health departments that participated in the National Smallpox Vaccination Program to ascertain how program-level factors affected the rate of smallpox vaccine uptake by staff. In a fully adjusted multivariate model, health departments achieved significantly higher vaccination rates than did hospitals, as did facilities that invited fewer employees to be vaccinated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epiodemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lindley, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MLindley@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1242 EP 1245 DI 10.1086/508834 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205AG UT WOS:000249084500016 PM 17080383 ER PT J AU Antoine, TL Curtis, AB Blumberg, HM DeSilva, K Fransua, M Gould, CV King, M Kraman, AA Pack, J Ribner, B Seybold, U Steinberg, JP Wells, JB Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Cardo, D Jernigan, JA Gaynes, RP AF Antoine, Theresa L. Curtis, Amy B. Blumberg, Henry M. DeSilva, Kathryn Fransua, Mesfin Gould, Carolyn V. King, Mark Kraman, Alice A. Pack, Jan Ribner, Bruce Seybold, Ulrich Steinberg, James P. Wells, Jane B. Sinkowitz-Cochran, Ronda L. Cardo, Denise Jernigan, John A. Gaynes, Robert P. TI Knowledge, attitudes, and Behaviors regarding piperacillin-tazobactam prescribing practices: Results from a multicenter study SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID INFECTIONS; RESISTANCE; GUIDELINES; HOSPITALS; PREVENT; ADULTS AB We investigated knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of prescribers concerning piperacillin-tazobactam use at 4 Emory University affiliated hospitals. Discussions during focus groups indicated that the participants' perceived knowledge of clinical criteria for appropriate piperacillin-tazobactam use was inadequate. Retrospective review of medical records identified inappropriate practices. These findings have influenced ongoing interventions aimed at optimizing piperacillin-tazobactam use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Antoine, TL (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tantoine@cdc.gov OI Hemenway, Alice/0000-0002-2363-4431 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1274 EP 1277 DI 10.1086/507973 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205AG UT WOS:000249084500026 PM 17080393 ER PT J AU Horton, K Kapil, V Larson, T Muravov, O Melnikova, N Anderson, B AF Horton, Kevin Kapil, Vikas Larson, Theodore Muravov, Oleg Melnikova, Natalia Anderson, Barbara TI A review of the federal government's health activities in response to asbestos-contaminated ore found in Libby, Montana SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Directions and Needs in Asbestos Research CY JUL 28-29, 2005 CL Univ Montana Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, Missoula, MT HO Univ Montana Ctr Environm Hlth Sci ID RESOLUTION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; RADIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES; DISEASE; VERMICULITE; EXPOSURE; SHIPYARD; WORKERS AB Vermiculite ore is a naturally occurring fibrous mineral widely used in various consumer products, such as attic insulation, lawn and garden products, and fireproofing material. While most vermiculite ore and products do not pose a health hazard, the vermiculite mined from Libby, MT was contaminated with naturally occurring asbestos. The federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has documented a significant number of asbestos-related deaths among Libby residents. Additionally, as part of the ongoing investigation, ATSDR has learned that this contaminated ore was shipped to hundreds of locations around the United States for processing. While the Libby mine is now closed, studies from ATSDR and elsewhere show that people who worked in the Libby mine or vermiculite processing facilities may have been exposed to hazardous levels of asbestos while the facilities were in operation. People who lived or worked near these sites also may have been exposed to asbestos if they came into contact with contaminated vermiculite. Prolonged exposure to asbestos can cause serious and life-threatening health conditions, including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. In response, ATSDR has initiated 10 different activities to help evaluate the potential health effects among Libby residents and populations throughout the United States who might have been exposed to the asbestos-contaminated ore found in Montana. Some of these activities include conducting environmental exposure evaluations, health statistics reviews, community screenings, and disease-specific surveillance. This article presents the various follow-up activities that have been conducted to date by ATSDR and partnering state health departments. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Surveillance & Registries Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Exposure Invest & Site Assessment Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kapil, V (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Surveillance & Registries Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM VKapil@cdc.gov RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012 NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 18 IS 12 BP 925 EP 940 DI 10.1080/08958370600835161 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 074WF UT WOS:000239841800002 PM 16920666 ER PT J AU Elbon, S Nsubuga, P Knowles, J Bobrow, E Parvanta, I Timmer, A van der Haar, F AF Elbon, Suzanne Nsubuga, Peter Knowles, Jacky Bobrow, Emily Parvanta, Ibrahim Timmer, Arnold van der Haar, Frits TI Micronutrient Action Plan instructional tool (MAPit): a training tool to support public health professionals' efforts to eliminate micronutrient malnutrition SO INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION AND TEACHING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Micronutrient malnutrition (MM) is a global health problem that affects the national socioeconomic stability of an affected country. This article describes a multimedia training tool, the Micronutrient Action Plan instructional tool (MAPit), which has been designed to support public health professionals' efforts to eliminate MM. An overview and description of the main sections and features of MAPit are provided. The system is unique from other training tools on this topic because it reviews all components of an elimination program in one publication, it is based on a new model that highlights the dynamic nature of MM programs, and it includes an extensive archive of resources related to MM. MAPit is an initial step that builds the capacity of public health professionals to collaborate with national partners in MM-prevention and elimination activities. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UNICEF Reg Off CEE CIS & Balt, Geneva, Switzerland. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Elbon, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-93, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM selbon@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1470-3297 J9 INNOV EDUC TEACH INT JI Innov. Educ. Teach. Int. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 353 EP 368 DI 10.1080/14703290600973810 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 108AT UT WOS:000242212800004 ER PT J AU Lee, EK Maheshwary, S Mason, J Glisson, W AF Lee, Eva K. Maheshwary, Siddhartha Mason, Jacquelyn Glisson, William TI Large-scale dispensing for emergency response to bioterrorism and infectious-disease outbreak SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE bioterrorism; infectious disease; decision-support system; simulation; optimization; anthrax; smallpox; emergency response; resource allocation ID RELIABLE PRODUCTION LINES; BUFFER ALLOCATION; PART 1; SMALLPOX; ATTACK; VACCINATION; MANAGEMENT; READINESS; BLOCKING; ANTHRAX AB We describe RealOpt (c), a simulation and decision-support system for planning large-scale emergency dispensing clinics to respond to biological threats and infectious-disease outbreaks. The system allows public-health administrators to investigate clinic-design and staffing scenarios quickly. The system incorporates efficient optimization technology seamlessly interfaced with a simulation module. The simulation studies we present explore facility-layout and staffing scenarios for an actual anthrax-emergency drill, and we discuss post-event analysis. Using our staff allocation and assignments for the exercise, DeKalb County achieved the highest throughput among all counties that simultaneously conducted the same scale of anthrax drill at various locations. Its labor usage was at or below that of the other counties. The external evaluators commented that DeKalb produced the most efficient floor plan (with no path crossing), the most cost-effective dispensing (lowest labor and throughput value), and the smoothest operations (shortest average wait time, average queue length, and equalized utilization rate). The study proves that even without historical data, the use of our system enables emergency personnel to plan ahead and be able to estimate required labor resources accurately. The exercise also revealed many areas that need attention during the operations planning and design of dispensing centers. A real-time decision-support system is, therefore, viable through careful design of a stand-alone simulator, coupled with powerful and tailored optimization solvers. The system facilitates analysis of "what-if" scenarios, and serves as an invaluable tool for operational planning and dynamic, on-the-fly reconfigurations of large-scale emergency dispensing clinics. It also allows performing "virtual field exercises" on the decision-support system, offering insight into operations flow and bottlenecks when mass dispensing is required for a region with a large population. Working with emergency-response departments, we will perform additional tuning and development of the system to address different biological attacks and infectious-disease outbreaks, and to ensure its practicality and usability. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Operat Res Med & Healthcare, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Environm Readiness Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. DeKalb Cty Board Hlth, Off Emergency Preparedness, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. RP Lee, EK (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Operat Res Med & Healthcare, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM evakylee@isye.gatech.edu; sid@gatech.edu; za04@cdc.gov; wglisson@esi911.com NR 56 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 6 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 6 BP 591 EP 607 DI 10.1287/inte.1060.0257 PG 17 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 117JA UT WOS:000242868100011 ER PT J AU Johnston, LM Jaykus, LA Moll, D Anciso, J Mora, B Moe, CL AF Johnston, Lynette M. Jaykus, Lee-Ann Moll, Deborah Anciso, Juan Mora, Brenda Moe, Christine L. TI A field study of the microbiological quality of fresh produce of domestic and Mexican origin SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE produce; microbiological indicators; food safety; cantaloupe; Enterococcus; antibiotic resistance ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ENTEROCOCCI; VEGETABLES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; ANIMALS; HUMANS; FLORA AB Produce is responsible for an increasingly larger proportion of foodbome disease outbreaks. In particular, the globalization of the food supply may introduce new food safety risks and allow widespread distribution of contaminated food, particularly produce. The objectives of this study were to: (i) compare the overall quality of domestic and Mexican produce throughout the packing process; (ii) examine changes in microbiological quality of both domestic and Mexican produce at each stage of production and processing; and (iii) evaluate the prevalence of select pathogens on fresh produce, including leafy green, herbs, melons, and vegetables. Furthermore, we also sought to characterize the antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from fresh produce. A total of 466 produce and matching environmental swab samples was collected from various locations in packing sheds in the southern US from November 2002 through December 2003. These samples were assayed by enumerative tests for total aerobic bacteria (APC), total coliforms, total Enterococcus, and E. coli. Produce samples were also analyzed for the presence of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella, and E. coli O157:H7. A total of 112 E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates were further screened for antibiotic resistance using a panel of seventeen antibiotics. Overall, the microbiological quality of fresh produce ranged from 4.0 to 7.9 log(10) CFU/g (APC); less than 1.0 log(10) to 4.5 log(10) CFU/g (coliforms); less than 1.0 log(10) to 4.0 log(10) CFU/g (E. coli); and less than 1.0 log(10) to 5.4 log(10) CFU/g (Enterococcus). No Salmonella, Shigella, or E. coli O157:H7 were detected from the 466 25-g produce samples tested. However, three domestic cabbage samples were found to be positive for L. monocytogenes. Of the Enterococcus isolates, E. faecium had a higher degree of resistance to antibiotics in general, while Enterococcus spp. isolated from Mexican produce had a higher degree of antibiotic resistance when compared to strains isolated from produce samples of domestic origin. Despite increased attention to the role of imported produce in foodbome disease, this study does not support the assumption that domestic produce is of higher microbial quality than Mexican produce. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Texas A&M Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Jaykus, LA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM leeann_jaykus@ncsu.edu RI Moe, Christine/G-6118-2012 NR 41 TC 83 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 112 IS 2 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.05.002 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 106QM UT WOS:000242115800001 PM 17045687 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Laosiritaworn, Y Siasiriwattana, S Chunsuttiwat, S Dowell, SF AF Olsen, Sonia J. Laosiritaworn, Yonjua Siasiriwattana, Suvaj Chunsuttiwat, Supamit Dowell, Scott F. TI The incidence of pneumonia in rural Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 09-12, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE pneumonia; incidence; costs; Thailand ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CHILDREN; COUNTRIES; INFLUENZA; BURDEN AB Background: Pneumonia continues to be a Leading infectious disease killer, yet accurately measuring incidence remains a challenge. In 2002, Thailand began active, population-based surveillance for radiographically confirmed pneumonia in Sa Kaeo Province. Methods: Full-time surveillance officers conducted active case ascertainment at every hospital, and routine audits and a community cluster survey promoted complete and accurate reporting. A case of pneumonia was defined as acute infection with signs or symptoms of Lower respiratory tract infection and evidence of new infiltrates. An independent panel of radiologists reviewed digital images of all radiographs. Results: Between September 2002 and August 2003, 777 patients met the case definition. The measured minimum incidence was 177/100 000 but the estimated incidence was as high as 580/100000 with full adjustment for incomplete chest radiography and access to health care. Seventy-two (9%) patients died and 28% were known to be HIV positive. Fifteen (2%) patients had pneumonia twice during the year. The average cost of hospitalization for an episode of pneumonia ranged from US$490.80 to $628.60. Conclusions: Pneumonia is a significant and costly public health problem in Thailand. This surveillance system allows precise assessment and monitoring of radiologically confirmed pneumonia and lays the groundwork for the introduction of new vaccines against pneumonia pathogens. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Sa Kaeo Provincial Hlth Off, Sa Kaeo, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Amer Embassy, CDC Box 68, APO, AP 96546 USA. EM sco2@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 439 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2006.06.004 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 103YE UT WOS:000241922300009 PM 16990044 ER PT J AU Hung, LC Wong, SL Chan, LG Rosli, R Ng, ANA Bresee, JS AF Hung, L. C. Wong, S. L. Chan, L. G. Rosli, R. Ng, A. N. A. Bresee, J. S. TI Epidemiology and strain characterization of rotavirus diarrhea in Malaysia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE rotavirus diarrhea; epidemiology; strain; characterization; Malaysia ID INFECTION; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; DISEASE AB Objectives: The objectives of the study were to describe the epidemiology and strain characterization of rotavirus (RV), to determine the proportion of hospitalizations for diarrhea attributable to RV among children under 5 years of age, and to estimate the disease burden of RV diarrhea in Malaysia. Methods: All children 0-59 months of age admitted for acute gastroenteritis to Kuala Lumpur Hospital (KLH) or Hospital Umum Sarawak (HUS) were surveyed. The periods of surveillance were from February 1, 2001 to April 30, 2003 in KLH and April 1, 2001 to March 31, 2003 for HUS. Results: The highest rate of RV-associated diarrhea was among children aged 6-17 months, accounting for 55% of RV-associated diarrhea. There was no seasonality observed in either hospital. P[8]G9 strains were predominant, accounting for 73% of all strains in both hospitals, 80% from KLH and 61% from HUS. There was no mortality. Conclusions: RV was responsible for 38% of hospitalizations for diarrhea. It was most common in the 6-17 months age group. There was no seasonality observed for RV-associated diarrhea. The most prevalent strain of RV was P[8]G9. The estimated incidence of RV-associated diarrhea was 27 per 10 000 population under the age of 5 years per year. (c) 2006 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kuala Lumpur Hosp, Inst Paed, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia. Hosp Umum Sarawak, Dept Paediat, Sarawak, Malaysia. Univ Putra malaysia, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hung, LC (reprint author), Kuala Lumpur Hosp, Inst Paed, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia. EM lchung@hkl.gov.my NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 470 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2006.05.008 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 103YE UT WOS:000241922300014 PM 17046306 ER PT J AU Kilmarx, PH van de Wijgert, JHHM Chaikummao, S Jones, HE Limpakarnjanarat, K Friedland, BA Karon, JM Manopaiboon, C Srivirojana, N Yanpaisarn, S Supawitkul, S Young, NL Mock, PA Blanchard, K Mastro, TD AF Kilmarx, Peter H. van de Wijgert, Janneke H. H. M. Chaikummao, Supaporn Jones, Heidi E. Limpakarnjanarat, Khanchit Friedland, Barbara A. Karon, John M. Manopaiboon, Chomnad Srivirojana, Nucharee Yanpaisarn, Somboonsak Supawitkul, Somsak Young, Nancy L. Mock, Philip A. Blanchard, Kelly Mastro, Timothy D. TI Safety and acceptability of the candidate microbicide Carraguard in Thai women: Findings from a phase II clinical trial SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; VAGINAL MICROBICIDE; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; CARRAGEENAN; GEL; NONOXYNOL-9; INFECTION; TOLERANCE; SULFATE; HEALTHY AB Objective: To determine the safety and acceptability of vaginal application of Carraguard, a carrageenan-derived candidate microbicide gel. Design: A randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blinded clinical trial was conducted in Chiang Rai, northern Thailand. Methods: Women were asked to insert one applicator of study gel vaginally at least three times per week (with or without sex) and to use gel with condoms every time they had sex. Safety was assessed by visual inspection of the vagina and cervix, changes in vaginal flora and self-reported symptoms at day 14, month I and then monthly for up to I year. Acceptability was assessed through reported use of the gel, return of used and unused applicators, and quarterly interviews. Results: One hundred sixty-five women were randomized: 83 to Carraguard and 82 to the placebo (metbyleellulose gel) group. Study gel use was similarly high in both groups throughout the trial with an average of four applicators per week. Carraguard use was not associated with abnormal genital clinical findings, abnormal vaginal flora, Pap smear abnormalities or other abnormal clinical signs or symptoms. Adverse events were mostly mild, not attributed to gel use, and similarly distributed between groups. Participants in both groups reported high acceptability. Conclusions: Carraguard can safely be used an average of four times per week with or without sex and is acceptable to Thai women. A Phase III efficacy trial of Carraguard is warranted and is currently ongoing in South Africa. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Populat Council, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, IATEC Fdn, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Ctr Poverty Related Communicable Dis, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Emergint Corp, Louisville, KY USA. Populat Council, Bangkok, Thailand. Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Chiang Rai Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), CDC, Global AIDS Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pbk4@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000243056.59860.c1 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 099KB UT WOS:000241592000011 PM 16980907 ER PT J AU Kellerman, SE Hutchinson, AB Begley, EB Boyett, BC Clark, HA Sullivan, P AF Kellerman, Scott E. Hutchinson, Angela B. Begley, Elin B. Boyett, Brian C. Clark, Hollie A. Sullivan, Patrick TI Knowledge and use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among attendees of minority gay pride events, 2004 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; NEWBORN MACAQUES C1 Bur HIV AIDS Prevent & Control, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hygiene, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kellerman, SE (reprint author), Bur HIV AIDS Prevent & Control, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hygiene, New York, NY USA. NR 6 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 376 EP 377 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000234085.18914.d5 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 099KB UT WOS:000241592000019 PM 17079995 ER PT J AU Shadomy, S Plikaytis, B Clark, T Carlone, G Messonnier, N Uhde, K Winger, K AF Shadomy, S. Plikaytis, B. Clark, T. Carlone, G. Messonnier, N. Uhde, K. Winger, K. CA CDC TI Inadvertent misadministration of meningococcal conjugate vaccine - United States, June-August 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1016-1017, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PROTECTION C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shadomy, S (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 17 BP 2082 EP 2083 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 100KM UT WOS:000241668000006 ER PT J AU Kite-Powell, A Livengood, JR Suarez, J Hopkins, R Clark, TA Chertow, D AF Kite-Powell, A. Livengood, J. R. Suarez, J. Hopkins, R. Clark, T. A. Chertow, D. CA CDC TI Imported melioidosis - South Florida, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 873-876, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. CDC, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kite-Powell, A (reprint author), Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 17 BP 2083 EP 2085 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 100KM UT WOS:000241668000007 ER PT J AU Antao, VC Petsonk, EL Attfield, MD AF Antao, V. C. Petsonk, E. L. Attfield, M. D. TI Advanced cases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis - Two counties, Virginia, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 909-913, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; MINE DUST; EXPOSURE C1 CDC, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Div Resp Dis Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Antao, VC (reprint author), CDC, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Div Resp Dis Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Antao, Vinicius/B-5395-2013 OI Antao, Vinicius/0000-0002-8201-9973 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 17 BP 2085 EP 2086 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 100KM UT WOS:000241668000008 ER PT J AU Jaycox, LH McCaffrey, D Eiseman, B Aronoff, J Shelley, GA Collins, RL Marshall, GN AF Jaycox, Lisa H. McCaffrey, Daniel Eiseman, Beth Aronoff, Jessica Shelley, Gene A. Collins, Rebecca L. Marshall, Grant N. TI Impact of a school-based dating violence prevention program among Latino teens: Randomized controlled effectiveness trial SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE dating violence; adolescence; Latino; prevention; effectiveness ID UNITED-STATES; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; SEXUAL RISK; SAFE DATES; ACCULTURATION; PREGNANCY; HISPANICS; STUDENTS; BEHAVIOR AB Purpose: Given the high rate of dating violence between teens and associated deleterious outcomes, the need for effective prevention and early intervention programs is clear. Break the Cycle's Ending Violence curriculum, a three-class-session prevention program focused on legal issues, is evaluated here for its impact on Latino/a youth. Methods: Tracks within large urban high schools that had at least 80% Latino/a students were randomized to immediate or delayed curriculum. Classrooms were randomly selected within tracks and individual student outcomes were assessed pre- and postintervention and six months later. Results: Students in intervention classrooms showed improved knowledge, less acceptance of female-on-male aggression, and enhanced perception of the helpfulness and likelihood of seeking assistance from a number of sources immediately after the program. Improved knowledge and perceived helpfulness of an attorney were maintained six months later. There were no differences in recent abusive/fearful dating experiences or violence victimization or perpetration. Conclusions: The Ending Violence curriculum has an impact on teen norms, knowledge, and help-seeking proclivities that may aid in early intervention for dating violence among Latino/a students. (c) 2006 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 RAND Corp, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. Break The Cycle, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jaycox, LH (reprint author), RAND Corp, 1200 S Hayes St, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM jaycox@rand.org FU PHS HHS [US4/CCU918991] NR 40 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 39 IS 5 BP 694 EP 704 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.05.002 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 097UX UT WOS:000241475700012 PM 17046506 ER PT J AU Stanfill, SB Brown, CR Yan, XZJ Watson, CH Ashley, DL AF Stanfill, Stephen B. Brown, Candace R. Yan, Xizheng Jane Watson, Clifford H. Ashley, David L. TI Quantification of flavor-related compounds in the unburned contents of bidi and clove cigarettes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bidi cigarettes; flavors; alkenylbenzenes; solid-phase microextraction; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; TOBACCO PRODUCTS; INDIAN BIDI; ALKENYLBENZENES; PULEGONE; SMOKE; RAT AB Bidi cigarettes, small hand-rolled cigarettes produced primarily in India, are sold in the United States in a wide variety of candy-like flavors (e.g. dewberry, chocolate, clove) and are popular with adolescents. Many flavored bidis contain high concentrations of compounds such as eugenol, anethole, methyleugenol, pulegone, and estragole; several of these compounds have known toxic or carcinogenic properties. Clove cigarettes, or kreteks, are another highly flavored tobacco product with high levels of eugenol due to clove buds present in the tobacco filler. In this study, compounds in the burnable portion-sthe filler and wrapper material actually consumed during the smoking of bidis, kreteks, and U. S. cigarettes-were analyzed. Flavor-related compounds were solvent extracted from the burnable portion of each cigarette with methanol. An aliquot of the methanol extract was heated, and the sample headspace was sampled with a solid-phase microextraction fiber and introduced into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for analysis in selected-ion monitoring mode. High levels of eugenol were detected in five clove-flavored bidi brands ranging from 78.6 to 7130 mu g/cigarette (mu g/cig), whereas diphenyl ether (128-3550 mu g/cig) and methyl anthranilate (154-2360 mu g/cig) were found in one grape-flavored bidi brand. A nontobacco herbal bidi brand contained the greatest variety of compounds, including anethole (489-665 mu g/cig), eugenol (1670-2470 mu g/cig), methyleugenol (27.7-36.6 mu g/cig), safrole (32.4-34.4 mu g/cig), myristicin (170-247 mu g/cig), and elemicin (101-109 mu g/cig). Filler from kreteks was found to contain high levels of eugenol, anethole, and coumarin. Flavored bidis and clove cigarettes contain a number of compounds that are present at levels far exceeding those reported in U. S. cigarette tobacco. Research is underway to determine the levels of these compounds delivered in smoke. It is not known what effect inhalation of these compounds has on smokers. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Stanfill, SB (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F-47,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sstanfill@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 22 BP 8580 EP 8588 DI 10.1021/jf060733o PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 098KP UT WOS:000241519700027 PM 17061837 ER PT J AU Kempf, AM Strother, ML Li, CY Kaur, H Huang, TTK AF Kempf, Angela M. Strother, Myra L. Li, Chaoyang Kaur, Harsohena Huang, Terry T-K. TI Leptin as a marker of body fat and hyperinsulinemia in college students SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE insulin resistance; insulin secretion; leptin; obesity ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; PLASMA LEPTIN; METABOLIC SYNDROME; PUBERTAL CHILDREN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; OBESE CHILDREN; MASS INDEX; SENSITIVITY; ADOLESCENTS AB Little is known about obesity and insulin resistance in college students. Leptin is a hormone secreted by fat cells and has been shown to strongly correlate with both obesity and insulin resistance in children and adults. We investigated associations of leptin with insulin secretion and action in 119 normal-weight students aged 18-24 years. Leptin was strongly correlated with total fat mass (r =.67, p < .001), percentage body fat (r =.81, p < .001), and to a lesser degree Body Mass Index, or BMI, (r =.23, p < .02). Leptin was associated with fasting insulin (beta +/- SE = 0.30 +/- 0.06, p < .001) and insulin resistance (beta +/- SE = 0.41 +/- 0.20, p < .001) independent of total fat, gender, and age, suggesting other mechanisms of leptin and insulin regulation besides obesity. Leptin resistance is present even among young and normal-weight college students. Leptin, even more so than BMI, is an important marker of adiposity and hyperinsulinemia in normal-weight college students and may potentially be used to predict type 2 diabetes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Kansas, Student Hlth Serv, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Huang, TTK (reprint author), NICHHD, Ctr Res Mothers & Children, Endocrinol Nutr & Growth Branch, 20852 MSC 7510, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM huangter@mail.nih.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0744-8481 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 55 IS 3 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.3200/JACH.55.3.175-180 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 109JB UT WOS:000242302900008 PM 17175904 ER PT J AU Silva, LK Bonin, MA McKague, B Blount, BC AF Silva, Lalith K. Bonin, Michael A. McKague, Bruce Blount, Benjamin C. TI Quantification of dichloroiodomethane and bromochloroiodomethane in human blood by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; PER-TRILLION LEVEL; TERT-BUTYL ETHER; TRIHALOMETHANE EXPOSURE; BLADDER-CANCER; WATER; CHLORINATION; CONTAMINANTS; PURGE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CanSyn Chem Corp, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. RP Silva, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F17,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LSILVA@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 30 IS 9 BP 670 EP 678 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 110SI UT WOS:000242399000005 PM 17137527 ER PT J AU Bennett, MD AF Bennett, M. Daniel, Jr. TI Culture and context: A study of neighborhood effects on racial socialization and ethnic identity content in a sample of African American adolescents SO JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African American adolescents; culture; ethnic identity; racial socialization ID SELF-ESTEEM; ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; FAMILY; BEHAVIOR; YOUTH; PEER; VIOLENCE; PARENTS; AGGRESSION; CHILDHOOD AB Ethnic identity, is believed by some to function as a protective factor for ethnic minority youth, in particular African American youth. Although ethnic identity development is primarily the result of racial Socialization practices, it may also be influenced by other contextual factors. Neighborhood factors, parent characteristics, parenting style, and bicultural competence may play pivotal roles in the ethnic identity development of African American youth. Exploratory factor analysis and path analysis were used to explore the influence of certain contextual factors on the ethnic identity content of study participants. The findings suggest that urban hassles negatively affect the content of ethnic identity but that this effect may be mediated by racial socialization. This research represents a continuing effort to explore the influence of contextual factors on the ethnic identity content of African American youth. By broadening the focus to include features of parents as well as of neighborhoods, a more complete understanding is provided. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bennett, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 73 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-7984 J9 J BLACK PSYCHOL JI J. Black Psychol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 479 EP 500 DI 10.1177/0095798406292470 PG 22 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 092YC UT WOS:000241132600005 ER PT J AU Strotmeyer, ES Cauley, JA Schwartz, AV de Rekeneire, N Resnick, HE Zmuda, JM Shorr, RI Tylavsky, FA Vinik, AI Harris, TB Newman, AB AF Strotmeyer, Elsa S. Cauley, Jane A. Schwartz, Ann V. de Rekeneire, Nathalie Resnick, Helaine E. Zmuda, Joseph M. Shorr, Ronald I. Tylavsky, Frances A. Vinik, Aaron I. Harris, Tamara B. Newman, Anne B. CA ABC Study TI Reduced peripheral nerve function is related to lower hip BMD and calcaneal QUS in older white and black adults: The health, aging, and body composition study SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE peripheral nerve; aging; BMD; bone ultrasound ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; ARTERIAL-DISEASE; FOOT ULCERATION; WOMENS HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; AGE; FRACTURE; NEUROPATHY; FALLS AB Bone tissue is innervated, and peripheral nerve function may impact BMD. Older black and white men and women (N = 2200) in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study with worse sensory and motor peripheral nerve function had lower hip BMD and calcaneal BUA independent of lean mass, strength, physical ability, and diabetes. Poor peripheral nerve function may directly affect bone. Introduction: Bone tissue is innervated, yet little is known about the impact of nerve function on BMD. Poor peripheral nerve function may contribute to lower BMD and higher fracture risk, particularly in those with diabetic neuropathy. Materials and Methods: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study included annual exams in white and black men and women 70-79 years of age recruited from Pittsburgh and Memphis. Nerve function in legs/feet was assessed by 1.4- and 10-g monofilament detection, vibration threshold, and peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and amplitude (CMAP). Total hip BMD, heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and total fat and lean mass were measured I year later (QDR 4500A, Sahara QUS; Hologic). Results: Participants (N = 2200) were 48% men and 37% black. Poor nerve function (lower monofilament detection, higher vibration threshold, lower CMAP, lower NCV) was associated with 1.4-5.7% lower BUA and significant for all but NCV, adjusted for demographics, diabetes, body composition, and physical ability. Results were similar for adjusted hip BMD, with 1.0-2.9% lower BMD, significant for monofilament and CMAP testing. When considering the components of BMD, total hip area was 1.8-4.9% higher in those with the worst nerve function, although BMC showed little difference. Lower monofilament detection and CMAP were independently associated with lower heel BUA (p < 0.01), and monofilament detection was associated with lower hip BMD (p < 0.05) in regression additionally adjusted for lifestyle factors, bone-active medications, and diabetes-related complications. Conclusions: Poor peripheral nerve function may directly related to lower BMD, likely through an increase in bone area in older adults, independent of lean mass, strength, physical ability, and diabetes. Whether those with impaired nerve function are at higher risk for fracture independent of falls needs to be studied. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. MedStar Res Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. NIA, Intramural Res Program, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Div Geriatr Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Strotmeyer, ES (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 130 N Bellfield Ave,Room 515, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM StrotmeyerE@edc.pitt.edu RI Newman, Anne/C-6408-2013; Strotmeyer, Elsa/F-3015-2014; Cauley, Jane/N-4836-2015; OI Newman, Anne/0000-0002-0106-1150; Cauley, Jane/0000-0003-0752-4408; Strotmeyer, Elsa/0000-0002-4093-6036 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIA NIH HHS [N-01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2106] NR 56 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1803 EP 1810 DI 10.1359/JBMR.060725 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 099MR UT WOS:000241599600017 PM 17002569 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA Dunbar, SB AF Mensah, George A. Dunbar, Sandra B. TI A framework for addressing disparities in cardiovascular health SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular risk factors; disparities; morbidity; mortality; quality of life; racial/ethnic groups ID AFRICAN-AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; DISEASE AB Health disparities are pervasive in the United States. Life expectancy remains higher in women than in men and higher in whites than in blacks by approximately 5 years. In general, the health of racial and ethnic minorities, poor and uneducated people, and those without health insurance is worse than the health of the overall population. The care of these vulnerable groups tends to be of worse overall quality because they have trouble accessing the system, because standards of care are applied to them unevenly, and because health professionals are not consistently trained in culturally sensitive approaches. These disparities have been demonstrated in all aspects of health and healthcare for cardiovascular diseases, including the use of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, and access to health information. Examination of national surveys revealed disparities in all cardiovascular disease risk factors, hospitalizations for major cardiovascular disease, overall mortality, and quality of life. Eliminating these disparities is a major public health challenge in the United States. Their causes and underlying mechanisms, however, remain incompletely understood. The healthcare delivery system itself, access to care, quality of care received, communication barriers, individual behaviors, culture and lifestyles, and discrimination and bias all play a part. The pursuit of systems and policy changes to address these determinants remains crucial. We present a strategic framework for eliminating health disparities that takes these determinants into account and provides an opportunity for cardiovascular nurses to make an impact on this important issue. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Nell Hodgson Woodruff Sch Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-40,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GMensah@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0889-4655 J9 J CARDIOVASC NURS JI J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 451 EP 456 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Nursing SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Nursing GA 106TA UT WOS:000242122800011 PM 17293734 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZY Poe, AC Limor, J Grady, KK Goldman, I McCollum, AM Escalante, AA Barnwell, JW Udhayakumar, V AF Zhou, Zhiyong Poe, Amanda C. Limor, Josef Grady, Katharine K. Goldman, Ira McCollum, Andrea M. Escalante, Ananias A. Barnwell, John W. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam TI Pyrosequencing, a high-throughput method for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase genes of Plasmodium falciparum SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMALARIAL-DRUG RESISTANCE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE; PYRIMETHAMINE RESISTANCE; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; SYNTHASE GENE; MUTATIONS; TECHNOLOGY; VALIDATION; ASSAY AB A pyrosequencing protocol was developed as a rapid and reliable method to identify the mutations of the dhfr and dhps genes of Plasmodium falciparum that are associated with antifolate resistance. The accuracy and specificity of this method were tested using six laboratory-cultured P. falciparum isolates harboring known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes dhfr (codons 50, 51, 59, 108, and 164) and dhps (codons 436, 437, 540, 581, and 613). The lowest threshold for detection of all the SNPs tested by pyrosequencing was the equivalent of two to four parasite genomes. Also, this method was highly specific for P. falciparum, as it did not amplify any DNA products from the other species of human malaria parasites. We also mixed wild-type and mutant-type parasite DNAs in various proportions to determine how pyrosequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and direct conventional sequencing (for dhfr) compared with each other in detecting different SNPs in the mixture. In general, pyrosequencing and RFLP showed comparable sensitivities in detecting most of the SNPs in dhfr except for the 164L mutation, which required at least twice the amount of DNA for pyroseqencing as for RFLP. For detecting SNPs in dhps, pyrosequencing was slightly more sensitive than RFLP and direct sequencing. Overall, pyrosequencing was faster and less expensive than either RFLP or direct sequencing. Thus, pyrosequencing is a practical alternative method that can be used in a high-throughput format for molecular surveillance of antimalarial-drug resistance. C1 NEZVED, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NEZVED, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Sci Resources, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Life Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), NEZVED, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM vxu0@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 3900 EP 3910 DI 10.1128/JCM.01209-06 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 105UC UT WOS:000242056800009 PM 16957045 ER PT J AU Han, J Swan, DC Smith, SJ Lum, SH Sefers, SE Unger, ER Tang, YW AF Han, Jian Swan, David C. Smith, Sharon J. Lum, Shanjuan H. Sefers, Susan E. Unger, Elizabeth R. Tang, Yi-Wei TI Simultaneous amplification and identification of 25 human papillomavirus types with Templex technology SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER; PARTICLE VACCINE; MULTIPLEX PCR; YOUNG-WOMEN; HIGH-RISK; GENOTYPES; HPV; INFECTIONS; NEOPLASIA; EFFICACY AB The majority of existing human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping assays are based on multiplex PCR using consensus or degenerate primers. We developed a Templex HPV assay that simultaneously detects and identifies 25 common HPV genotypes in a single-tube reaction using type-specific primers for the HPV-specific E6 and E7 genes. The analytical sensitivities of the Templex assay for HPV type 16 (HPV-16), -18, and -56 were 20, 100, and 20 copies per reaction mixture, respectively. The Templex assay provides semiquantitative information on each type when multiple HPV types coexist in one reaction. We tested 109 clinical cervical specimens previously evaluated with the Digene HC2 high-risk HPV DNA test and found 95.4% concordance between the assay results. The Templex assay provided type-specific results and found multiple types in 29.2% (14 of 48) of high-risk HPV-positive samples. The entire Templex procedure, including DNA extraction, can be completed within 5 hours, providing a rapid and reliable diagnostic tool for HPV detection and typing that is amenable to automation. C1 Genaco Biomed Prod Inc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pathol, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Tang, YW (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Mol Infect Dis Lab, 4605 TVC, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM yiwei.tang@vanderbilt.edu OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU NCI NIH HHS [R43 CA106061, R43-CA106061-01] NR 24 TC 72 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 4157 EP 4162 DI 10.1128/JCM.01762-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 105UC UT WOS:000242056800046 PM 17005760 ER PT J AU Das, P Roy, SS MitraDhar, K Dutta, P Bhattacharya, MK Sen, A Ganguly, S Bhattacharya, SK Lal, AA Xia, LH AF Das, Pradeep Roy, Seuli Saha MitraDhar, Kakali Dutta, Phalguni Bhattacharya, Mihir K. Sen, Abhik Ganguly, Sandipan Bhattacharya, Sujit K. Lal, Altaf A. Xia, Lihua TI Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. from children in Kolkata, India SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; PARVUM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; HUMANS; TRANSMISSION; PARASITES; CALCUTTA; GENE AB The intracellular parasite Cryptosporidium is responsible for severe diarrhea in immunocompromised persons in developing countries. Few studies on the characterization of the parasite in India are available. In this study, molecular characterization of the parasite from diarrheic children was carried out by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. At least three genotypes were identified. Out of 40 positive samples, 35 were positive for C. hominis, 4 were positive for C. parvum, and 1 was positive for C. felis. This study clearly suggests that cryptosporidiosis in this region is caused largely by anthroponotic transmission. C1 Rajendra Mem Res Inst Med Sci, Patna 800007, Bihar, India. Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Kolkata 700010, W Bengal, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30334 USA. RP Das, P (reprint author), Rajendra Mem Res Inst Med Sci, Agam Kuan, Patna 800007, Bihar, India. EM dasp@cal2.vsnl.net.in RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Sen, Abhik/0000-0003-4048-0566 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 4246 EP 4249 DI 10.1128/JCM.00091-06 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 105UC UT WOS:000242056800066 PM 16971647 ER PT J AU McKellar, MS Mehta, LR Greenlee, JE Hale, DC Booton, GC Kelly, DJ Fuerst, PA Sriram, R Visvesvara, GS AF McKellar, Mehri S. Mehta, Lahar R. Greenlee, John E. Hale, Devon C. Booton, Gregory C. Kelly, Daryl J. Fuerst, Paul A. Sriram, Rama Visvesvara, Govinda S. TI Fatal granulomatous Acanthamoeba encephalitis mimicking a stroke, diagnosed by correlation of results of sequential magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy, in vitro culture, immunofluorescence analysis, and molecular analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; HUMANS; PATIENT; GENUS AB Amebic infections involving the central nervous system are rare and difficult to diagnose. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at timed intervals may be helpful, where scans reveal enhancing lesions and increased signal. We report a unique case of granulomatous amebic encephalitis that was proven pathologically with progressive radiological findings on MRI. C1 Univ Utah, Div Infect Dis, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Neurol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasitol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McKellar, MS (reprint author), Univ Utah, Div Infect Dis, Dept Internal Med, 30 N 1900 E,Room 4B19, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM mehri.mckellar@aidshealth.org FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY009073, R01 EY009073-13, EY09073] NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 4265 EP 4269 DI 10.1128/JCM.00649-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 105UC UT WOS:000242056800072 PM 16988022 ER PT J AU Tehe, A Maurice, C Hanson, DL Borget, MY Abiola, N Maran, M Yavo, D Tomasik, Z Boni, J AF Tehe, Andre Maurice, Chantal Hanson, Debra L. Borget, Marie Y. Abiola, Nadine Maran, Matthieu Yavo, Daniel Tomasik, Zuzana Boeni, Juerg TI Quantification of HIV-1 p24 by a highly improved ELISA: An alternative to HIV-1 RNA based treatment monitoring in patients from Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 viral load; HIV subtypes; Roche amplicor; HIV-1 p24 antigen; resource-poor settings ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEAT-DENATURED PLASMA; ANTIGEN-ASSAY; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SIGNAL-AMPLIFICATION; VIRAL-RNA; TYPE-1 INFECTION; BOOSTED ELISA; WEST-AFRICA; IVORY-COAST AB Background: Quantification of HIV-1 RNA remains difficult to implement in Africa. Simple and inexpensive tests for antiretroviral treatment (ART) monitoring are needed. Objective: To evaluate an HIV-1 p24 ELISA, which combines efficient virus disruption, heat-denaturation and signal amplification, in a West African setting. Study design: Eighty-six HIV-1 infected patients from Abidjan, Me d'Ivoire, were tested for p24, HIV-1 RNA, and CD4+ count at baseline, and twice within 8 months after ART initiation. Results: All patients responded to ART with a minimal HIV-1 RNA drop of 0.5 log(10) at first follow-up. Forty-one (47.7%) then rebounded >0.5 log(10) or persisted above 1000 copies/mL by week 24. The predicted baseline concentration of p24 corresponding to 100,000 copies/mL of HIV-1 RNA, above which ART is recommended, was 4546 fg/mL (95% confidence interval 3148-6566). A prediction model of virologic failure, occurring after an initial response to ART, correctly classified 84% of patients using baseline p24, p24 change on therapy, and achievement of undetectable p24 as explanatory variables. The model and further bootstrap evaluation suggested a good ability to discriminate between sustained or failing virologic response to ART. Conclusion: HIV-1 p24 and RNA based-ART monitoring in a low-resource country dominated by HIV-1 CRF02 AG appeared comparable. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Zurich, Swiss Natl Ctr Retroviruses, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Tehe, A (reprint author), Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. EM andretehe@yahoo.fr RI Schupbach, Jorg/G-4209-2016 OI Schupbach, Jorg/0000-0002-8074-5891 NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.08.005 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 102XM UT WOS:000241846800011 PM 16973409 ER PT J AU Collier, DF AF Collier, Dancen Farrow TI CDC grant program supports environmental health services delivery SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collier, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dhf6@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 69 IS 4 BP 43 EP 45 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 100SM UT WOS:000241689000007 PM 17091743 ER PT J AU Hedberg, CW Smith, SJ Kirkland, E Radke, V Jones, TF Selman, CA AF Hedberg, Craig W. Smith, S. Jay Kirkland, Elizabeth Radke, Vincent Jones, Tim F. Selman, Carol A. CA EHS-NEt Working Grp TI Systematic environmental evaluations to identify food safety differences between outbreak and nonoutbreak restaurants SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FOODBORNE DISEASE; EHS-NET; COUNTY; INSPECTIONS; ILLNESS AB Restaurants are important settings for foodborne disease transmission. The Environmental Health Specialists Network (EHS-Net) was established to identify underlying factors contributing to disease outbreaks and to translate those findings into improved prevention efforts. From June 2002 through June 2003, EHS-Net conducted systematic environmental evaluations in 22 restaurants in which outbreaks had occurred and 347 restaurants in which outbreaks had not occurred. Norovirus was the most common foodborne disease agent identified, accounting for 42% of all confirmed foodborne outbreaks during the study period. Handling of food by an infected person or carrier (65%) and bare-hand contact with food (35%) were the most commonly identified contributing factors. Outbreak and nonoutbreak restaurants were similar with respect to many characteristics. The major difference was in the presence of a certified kitchen manager (CKM); 32% of outbreak restaurants had a CKM, but 71% of nonoutbreak restaurants had a CKM (odds ratio of 0.2; 95% confidence interval of 0.1 to 0.5). CKMs were associated with the absence of bare-hand contact with foods as a contributing factor, fewer norovirus outbreaks, and the absence of outbreaks associated with Clostridium perfringens. However, neither the presence of a CKM nor the presence of policies regarding employee health significantly affected the identification of an infected person or carrier as a contributing factor. These findings suggest a lack of effective monitoring of employee illness or a lack of commitment to enforcing policies regarding ill food workers. Food safety certification of kitchen managers appears to be an important outbreak prevention measure, and managing food worker illnesses should be emphasized during food safety training programs. C1 Univ Minnesota, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. RP Hedberg, CW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Environm Hlth Sci, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM hedbe005@umn.edu NR 14 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 69 IS 11 BP 2697 EP 2702 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 107FY UT WOS:000242157300018 PM 17133814 ER PT J AU Cannon, JL Papafragkou, E Park, GW Osborne, J Jaykus, LA Vinje, J AF Cannon, Jennifer L. Papafragkou, Efstathia Park, Geunwoo W. Osborne, Jason Jaykus, Lee-Ann Vinje, Jan TI Surrogates for the study of norovirus stability and inactivation in the environment: A comparison of murine norovirus and feline calicivirus SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUS; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; OYSTERS AB Human noroviruses (NoVs) are the leading cause of food- and waterborne outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. As a result of the lack of a mammalian cell culture model for these viruses, studies on persistence, inactivation, and transmission have been limited to cultivable viruses, including feline calicivirus (FCV). Recently, reports of the successful cell culture of murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1) have provided investigators with an alternative surrogate for human NoVs. In this study, we compared the inactivation profiles of MNV-1 to FCV in an effort to establish the relevance of MNV-1 as a surrogate virus. Specifically, we evaluated (i) stability upon exposure to pH extremes; (ii) stability upon exposure to organic solvents; (iii) thermal inactivation; and (iv) surface persistence under wet and dry conditions. MNV-1 was stable across the entire pH range tested (pH 2 to 10) with less than 1 log reduction in infectivity at pH 2, whereas FCV was inactivated rapidly at pH values < 3 and > 9. FCV was more stable than MNV-1 at 56 degrees C, but both viruses exhibited similar inactivation at 63 and 72 degrees C. Long-term persistence of both viruses suspended in a fecal matrix and inoculated onto stainless steel coupons were similar at 4 degrees C, but at room temperature in solution, MNV-1 was more stable than FCV The genetic relatedness of MNV-1 to human NoVs combined with its ability to survive under gastric pH levels makes this virus a promising and relevant surrogate for studying environmental survival of human NoVs. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Vinje, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JVinje@cdc.gov OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES10126] NR 26 TC 294 Z9 301 U1 2 U2 48 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 69 IS 11 BP 2761 EP 2765 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 107FY UT WOS:000242157300028 PM 17133824 ER PT J AU Shih, M Hootman, JM Strine, TW Chapman, DP Brady, TJ AF Shih, Margaret Hootman, Jennifer M. Strine, Tara W. Chapman, Daniel P. Brady, Teresa J. TI Serious psychological distress in US adults with arthritis SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE arthritis; mental health; depression; anxiety; psychological distress ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MENTAL-HEALTH; SCREENING SCALES; UNITED-STATES; OLDER-ADULTS; RISK-FACTOR AB BACKGROUND: Arthritis and mental health disorders are leading causes of disability commonly seen by health care providers. Several studies demonstrate a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression in persons with arthritis versus those without arthritis. OBJECTIVES: Determine the national prevalence of serious psychological distress (SPD) and frequent anxiety or depression (FAD) in adults with arthritis, and in adults with arthritis, identify risk factors associated with SPD. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey, an in-person household interview survey, were used to estimate the prevalence of SPD and FAD in adults with (n=6,829) and without (n=20,676) arthritis. In adults with arthritis, the association between SPD and sociodemographic, clinical, and functional factors was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of SPD and FAD in adults with arthritis is significantly higher than in adults without arthritis (5.6% vs 1.8% and 26.2% vs 10.7%, P <.001, respectively). In adults with arthritis, SPD was significantly associated with younger age, lower socioeconomic status, divorce/separation, recurrent pain, physical inactivity, having functional or social limitations, and having comorbid medical conditions. Adults aged 18 to 44 years were 6.5 times more likely to report SPD than those 65 years or older, and adults with recurrent pain were 3 times more likely to report SPD than those without recurrent pain. CONCLUSIONS: Serious psychological distress and FAD affect persons with arthritis and should be addressed in their treatment. Younger adults with arthritis, and those with recurrent pain or either functional or social limitations, may be at higher risk for SPD. C1 Off Hlth Assessment & Epidemiol, Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shih, M (reprint author), Off Hlth Assessment & Epidemiol, Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, 313 N Figueroa St,Rm 127, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. EM mshih@ladhs.org NR 57 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1160 EP 1166 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00573.x PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 089ZQ UT WOS:000240920800010 PM 16879706 ER PT J AU Pickelsimer, EE Selassie, AW Gu, JK Langlois, JA AF Pickelsimer, E. Elisabeth Selassie, Anbesaw W. Gu, Ja Kook Langlois, Jean A. TI A population-based outcomes study of persons hospitalized with traumatic brain injury - Operations of the South Carolina traumatic brain injury follow-up registry SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE follow-up registry methods; outcomes study; population surveillance; traumatic brain injury ID SEVERE HEAD-INJURY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; HEALTH-STATUS; SF-36; NEEDS; REHABILITATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; HANDICAP; VALIDITY; PROXIES AB Objective: To describe the design and operations of the South Carolina Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Follow-up Registry. Design: Statewide prospective cohort study. Setting: State of South Carolina. Participants: 2118 persons discharged from acute care hospitals after experiencing TBI. Intervention: Telephone interviews. Main Outcome Measures: Service needs, alcohol and drug use, psychosocial health, health-related quality of life, functional status, symptoms of TBI, employment, global life satisfaction, and death. Results: Selected initial and 1-year follow-up findings concerning demographic, insurance status, income, and employment factors. Conclusions: Population-based outcome studies that describe longer term problems associated with TBI, the need for services, and estimated disability could be useful to inform public policy. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pickelsimer, EE (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Epidemiol, POB 250835,135 Cannon St,Suite 303, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM pickelse@musc.edu FU PHS HHS [U17/CCU421926] NR 64 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 491 EP 504 DI 10.1097/00001199-200611000-00004 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 109UC UT WOS:000242333400004 PM 17122680 ER PT J AU Eisele, JA Kegler, SR Trent, RB Coronado, VG AF Eisele, Julie A. Kegler, Scott R. Trent, Roger B. Coronado, Victor G. TI Nonfatal traumatic brain injury-related hospitalization in very young children - 15 states, 1999 SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE injury surveillance; pediatric injury; traumatic brain injury ID FALLS AB Objective: To document age-related patterns of nonfatal hospitalization associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) among children younger than 2 years of age, by intent/cause and diagnosis. Methods: Data describing 2536 nonfatal TBI-related hospitalizations in 15 states for the year 1999 were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Central Nervous System Injury surveillance system for children younger than 2 years of age (0-23 months) at the time of injury. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence rates (overall, by intent/cause, and by diagnosis) were calculated by combining TBI surveillance data with population data from the US Census Bureau and the National Center for Health Statistics. Results: Overall rates of nonfatal TBI-related hospitalization peaked at I month of age (178.0 cases per 100,000 person-years) followed by a secondary peak at 8 months of age (127.9 cases per 100,000 person-years). Rates for fall-related (unintentional) cases and assault-related cases were significantly higher for infants (0-11 months) than for 1-year-olds (12-23 months), with rates for both types of cases peaking in the earliest months of life. Rates for cases with diagnoses of skull fracture and/or intracranial injury were also significantly higher for the younger group. Assault-related cases frequently coincided with a diagnosis of intracranial injury regardless of age. Conclusions: Prevention efforts should focus on falls and assaults, which account for the majority of TBI-related hospitalizations in early childhood. Such efforts may also need to emphasize the unusually high risk during the first few months of life. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Epidemiol & Prevent Injury Control Branch, Sacramento, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kegler, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM skegler@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 537 EP 543 DI 10.1097/00001199-200611000-00008 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 109UC UT WOS:000242333400008 PM 17122684 ER PT J AU Rutland-Brown, W Langlois, JA Thomas, KE Lily, YL AF Rutland-Brown, Wesley Langlois, Jean A. Thomas, Karen E. Lily, Yongli TI Incidence of traumatic brain injury in the United States, 2003 SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE closed head injury; craniocerebral trauma; epidemiology; traumatic brain injury AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health problem in the United States. In 2003, there were an estimated 1,565,000 TBIs in the United States: 1,224,000 emergency department visits, 290,000 hospitalizations, and 51,000 deaths. Findings were similar to those from previous years in which rates of TBI were highest for young children (aged 0-4) and men, and the leading causes of TBI were falls and motor vehicle traffic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Injury Response, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Langlois, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Injury Response, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jal7@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 329 Z9 333 U1 4 U2 39 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 544 EP 548 DI 10.1097/00001199-200611000-00009 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 109UC UT WOS:000242333400009 PM 17122685 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL AF Gerberding, Julie L. TI Pandemic preparedness: Pigs, poultry, and people versus plans, products, and practice SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Conference 2006 CY FEB 01-02, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Infect Dis Soc Amer, Soc Hlthcare Epidemiol Amer, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent ID UNITED-STATES; INFLUENZA AB Influenza pandemic preparedness planning is critical for reducing human suffering and negative effects on the economy and society. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is working to ensure a rapid, efficient, and successful response to an outbreak if, when, and where it appears. The CDC's context for strategic planning is based on experiences with seasonal influenza and what is known about past influenza pandemics. From a public health perspective, pandemic preparedness can be achieved with a plan that builds a network of shared responsibility from the local to the global level, with a focus on saving lives with vaccines, antiviral drugs, medical supplies, containment, and communication. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), 2072 Somervale Ct, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jlouisemd@yahoo.com NR 4 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 194 SU 2 BP S77 EP S81 DI 10.1086/507563 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 098EE UT WOS:000241503000004 PM 17163393 ER PT J AU Monto, AS Comanor, L Shay, DK Thompson, WW AF Monto, Arnold S. Comanor, Lorraine Shay, David K. Thompson, William W. TI Epidemiology of pandemic influenza: Use of surveillance and modeling for pandemic preparedness SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Conference 2006 CY FEB 01-02, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Infect Dis Soc Amer, Soc Hlthcare Epidemiol Amer, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; STRATEGIES AB Along with continual enhancement of current influenza surveillance programs, pandemic preparedness also involves application of current surveillance techniques to past pandemics to identify their viruses and patterns, as well as estimation of the potential burden of future pandemics. Although mortality surveillance has been in place in selected locations for more than a century, the recent development of molecular diagnostics has shed new light on the origin and structure of the viruses responsible for the past 3 pandemics, allowing for comparisons with new viruses identified through ongoing viral surveillance. Models previously used to estimate hospitalizations and mortality associated with past epidemics and pandemics have evolved to estimate the burden and required surge capacity of future pandemics of different severities. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Monto, AS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM asmonto@umich.edu NR 29 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 194 SU 2 BP S92 EP S97 DI 10.1086/507559 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 098EE UT WOS:000241503000006 PM 17163395 ER PT J AU Schwartz, B Hinman, A Abramson, J Strikas, RA Allred, N Uyeki, T Orenstein, W AF Schwartz, Benjamin Hinman, Alan Abramson, Jon Strikas, Raymond A. Allred, Norma Uyeki, Timothy Orenstein, Walter TI Uiniversal influenza vaccination in the United States: Are we ready? Report of a meeting SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Conference 2006 CY FEB 01-02, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Infect Dis Soc Amer, Soc Hlthcare Epidemiol Amer, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTHY WORKING ADULTS; LONG-TERM-CARE; OUTPATIENT VISITS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; COST-BENEFIT; MORTALITY; HOSPITALIZATIONS; SCHOOLCHILDREN AB Universal influenza vaccination has been proposed as one strategy to improve vaccination coverage and disease prevention. In October 2005, influenza and vaccination experts, public health practitioners, representatives from medical professional societies, influenza vaccine manufacturers, and managed care organizations met to assess whether current data were sufficient to support an expansion of universal influenza vaccination and to define information gaps and potential barriers to implementation. Presenters at the meeting documented the substantial burden of influenza disease among all age groups, the major role of children in transmission, and the effectiveness of vaccine, especially in healthy children and adults. Observational studies and a mathematical model suggested that indirect protection, or "herd immunity," resulting from vaccination of school-age children would substantially reduce the incidence of disease in other age groups. Economic analyses generally showed that vaccination of healthy children and adults is cost-effective and is sensitive to vaccine cost,, population group, and season. Influenza vaccination received annually over several years is safe and effective, but data on long-term use are limited. Challenges to expanded recommendations include maintenance of the vaccine supply, implementation of a feasible and effective strategy for vaccine delivery, the burden on the public health infrastructure, public acceptability, and financing. Overall, meeting attendees favored incremental expansion of recommendations, potentially toward universal influenza vaccination. They preferred to expand recommendations among children first, because children have a higher risk of illness, compared with healthy adults; because there is greater feasibility of implementation of the recommendations among children; and because of the potential for herd immunity decreasing morbidity and mortality among adults. C1 CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Influenza Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA USA. Natl Vaccine Program Off, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Washington, DC USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Schwartz, B (reprint author), CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bxs1@cdc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [1P20RR020735] NR 46 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 194 SU 2 BP S147 EP S154 DI 10.1086/507556 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 098EE UT WOS:000241503000013 PM 17163388 ER PT J AU Thompson, WW Comanor, L Shay, DK AF Thompson, William W. Comanor, Lorraine Shay, David K. TI Epidemiology of seasonal influenza: Use of surveillance data and statistical models to estimate the burden of disease SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Conference 2006 CY FEB 01-02, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Infect Dis Soc Amer, Soc Hlthcare Epidemiol Amer, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HOSPITALIZATIONS; POPULATION; MORTALITY; IMPACT; DEATHS AB The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uses a 7-component national surveillance system for influenza that includes virologic, influenza-like illness, hospitalization, and mortality data. In addition, some states and health organizations collect additional influenza surveillance data that complement the CDC's surveillance system. Current surveillance data from these programs, together with national hospitalization and mortality data, have been used in statistical models to estimate the annual burden of disease associated with influenza in the United States for many years. National influenza surveillance data also have been used in suitable models to estimate the possible impact of future pandemics. As part of the public health response to the 2003-2004 influenza season, which was noteworthy for its severe effect among children, new US surveillance activities were undertaken. Further improvements in national influenza surveillance systems will be needed to collect and analyze data in a timely manner during the next pandemic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thompson, WW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS-A32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wct2@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 124 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 194 SU 2 BP S82 EP S91 DI 10.1086/507558 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 098EE UT WOS:000241503000005 PM 17163394 ER PT J AU Savage, HM Anderson, M Gordon, E McMillen, L Colton, L Charnetzky, D Delorey, M Aspen, S Burkhalter, K Biggerstaff, BJ Godsey, M AF Savage, Harry M. Anderson, Michael Gordon, Emily McMillen, Larry Colton, Leah Charnetzky, Dawn Delorey, Mark Aspen, Stephen Burkhalter, Kristen Biggerstaff, Brad J. Godsey, Marvin TI Oviposition activity patterns and West Nile virus infection rates for members of the Culex pipiens complex at different habitat types within the hybrid zone, Shelby County, TN, 2002 (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex pipiens complex; oviposition activity period; West Nile virus; pipiens; hybrid zone ID CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; FIELD-COLLECTED MOSQUITOS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; RIBOSOMAL DNA; CALIFORNIA; IDENTIFICATION; VECTORS; QUINQUEFASCIATUS; SPACERS; DISEASE AB Oviposition activity and West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) infection rates were assessed for members of the Culex pipiens complex from July through December 2002 by using gravid traps placed at four ecologically different sites in the southern portion of the hybrid zone in Shelby County, TN. Molecular assays identified three members of the Cx. pipiens complex: Cx. pipiens pipiens L., Cx. p. quinquefasciatus Say, and Cx. p. pipiens-Cx. p. quinquefasciatus hybrids (hybrids). The Cx. pipiens complex accounted for 90% of mosquitoes collected in gravid traps. All 285 WNV-positive mosquitoes were Culex mosquitoes, and 277 (97%) were Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes. Infection rates among members of the Cx. pipiens complex were not significantly different. Infection rates were significantly higher at two urban sites than at a rural site, and WNV was not detected at a forested site. At urban sites, abundances of members of the Cx. pipiens complex corresponded to a simple latitude model of the hybrid zone. Cx. p. quinquefasciatus was most abundant (46.4%), followed by hybrids (34.1%) and Cx. p. pipiens (19.5%). The relative abundances at a rural site were reversed with Cx. p. pipiens (48.4%) being most abundant. This demonstrates that spatial habitat variation may profoundly influence the distribution of members of the Cx. pipiens complex within the hybrid zone. Members of the Cx. pipiens complex did not display different oviposition patterns. However, oviposition patterns assessed hourly at urban and rural sites were significantly different. At urban sites, oviposition activity of Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes was bimodal with an evening peak associated with sunset and a morning peak associated with sunrise. At the rural site, the evening peak was pronounced and the morning peak weak and similar to nighttime activity. C1 Memphis Shelby Cty Vector Control, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. RP Savage, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM hmsl@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1227 EP 1238 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[1227:OAPAWN]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 104BP UT WOS:000241931200018 PM 17162958 ER PT J AU Mixson, TR Campbell, SR Gill, JS Ginsberg, HS Reichard, MV Schulze, TL Dasch, GA AF Mixson, Tonya R. Campbell, Scotr R. Gill, James S. Ginsberg, Howard S. Reichard, Mason V. Schulze, Terry L. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Prevalence of Ehrlichia, Borrelia, and Rickettsial agents in Amblyomma americanum (Acari : Ixodidae) collected from nine states SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; Ehrlichia; Rickettsia; Borrelia ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; LONE-STAR TICKS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; CHAFFEENSIS; EWINGII; BURGDORFERI; INFECTION AB Ambyomma antericanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) is an aggressive tick that feeds on humans during all postembryonic life stages. In many regions of the United States, it is the tick most commonly found attached to humans. Public health interest has grown recently, due to the recognition of new human pathogens transmitted by A. antericanum and the expanding distribution of the tick. A. americanum is a vector of several bacteria pathogenic to humans. Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii cause moderate-to-severe febrile illness. "Rickettsia amblyommii," a member of the spotted fever group Rickettsia, also has recently been implicated as a possible human pathogen based on serologic evidence from persons recovering from illness after a tick bite. We have determined the prevalence of infection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, E. ewingii, "Borrelia lonestari," and R. amblyommii within A. americanum ticks from 29 sites in nine states. Overall infection prevalences were 4.7% for E. chaffeensis (range, 0-27%), 3.5% for E. ewingii (range, 0-18.6%), 2.5% for B. lonestari (range, 0-12.2%), and 41.2% for R. amblyommii (range, 0-84.0%). In addition, 87 ticks (4.3%) were infected with two or more bacteria. This report documents new distribution records for E. ewingii, B. lonestari, and R. amblyommii and underscores the nonhomogeneous distribution of pathogen foci of infection. Additional surveillance throughout the range of A. antericanum is warranted to increase physician and public awareness of the risk of disease to humans from exposure to the agents transmitted by this tick. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Suffolk Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Arthropod Borne Dis Lab, Yaphank, NY 11980 USA. Univ Iowa, Hyg Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Freehold Area Hlth Dept, Freehold, NJ 07728 USA. RP Mixson, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zdy0@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 24 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1261 EP 1268 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[1261:POEBAR]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 104BP UT WOS:000241931200022 PM 17162962 ER PT J AU Killoran, PB O'Connell, J Mothershed, EA Probert, WS AF Killoran, Patrick B. O'Connell, Janice Mothershed, Elizabeth A. Probert, Will S. TI Rapid laboratory detection of meningococcal disease outbreaks caused by serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE meningococcal disease; molecular subtyping; tandem repeats ID NUMBER TANDEM REPEATS; EPIDEMIC SPREAD; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; DIVERSITY AB Molecular subtyping is of significant importance to the recognition of outbreaks of meningococcal disease caused by serogroup C Neisseria meningitides. We describe the application of multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) for the molecular subtyping of N. meningitides and compare its performance to that of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). For MLVA, a multiplex PCR assay targeting five variable number tandem repeat regions was developed and evaluated using a panel of sporadic and outbreak-associated serogroup C N. meningitides isolates. MLVA was highly reproducible and provided results within 6 h. Overall, the discriminatory power of MLVA was equivalent to that of PFGE. The utilization of MLVA for subtyping N meningitides isolates provides a rapid and safer alternative to PFGE for identifying outbreaks of meningococcal disease. As such, it may provide public health officials with timely information that may minimize the spread of outbreak-related cases through prophylaxis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Microbial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meninfitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Killoran, PB (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Microbial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM pkillora@dhs.ca.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD NOV PY 2006 VL 67 IS 2 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.04.004 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 097FT UT WOS:000241433100016 PM 16740329 ER PT J AU Lubin, IM Caggana, M Wilson, JA Lyon, E McGovern, MM Wolff, DJ AF Lubin, I. M. Caggana, M. Wilson, J. Amos Lyon, E. McGovern, M. M. Wolff, D. J. TI DNA-based genetic tests for heritable conditions: Improving how results are communicated SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 16-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. NY Dept Publ Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Focus Diagnost, Cypress, CA USA. Assoc Reg Univ Pathol Labs, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 622 EP 622 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 102LF UT WOS:000241811800016 ER PT J AU Richards, S Berry-Kravis, E Buller, A Casey, B Feldman, GL Jakupciak, JP Johnson, M Matteson, K Muralidharan, K Napolitano, N Richie, KL Rohlis, EM Schaefer, F Sellers, T Spector, E Spector, E Kalman, L AF Richards, S. Berry-Kravis, E. Buller, A. Casey, B. Feldman, G. L. Jakupciak, J. P. Johnson, M. Matteson, K. Muralidharan, K. Napolitano, N. Richie, K. L. Rohlis, E. M. Schaefer, F. Sellers, T. Spector, E. Spector, E. Kalman, L. TI Development of genomic quality control materials for Huntington disease genetic testing SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 16-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Quest Diagnost, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit Med Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Genzyme Genet, Westborough, MA USA. Ctr Genet Testing St Francis, Tulsa, OK USA. Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 622 EP 622 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 102LF UT WOS:000241811800017 ER PT J AU Muralidharan, K Wilson, JA Butler, AM Dixon, JB Edelmann, L Geller, L Highsmith, WE Holtegaard, LM Kornreich, R Rohlfs, EM Payeur, TL Sellers, T Kalman, LV AF Muralidharan, K. Wilson, J. Amos Butler, A. M. Dixon, J. B. Edelmann, L. Geller, L. Highsmith, W. E. Holtegaard, L. M. Kornreich, R. Rohlfs, E. M. Payeur, T. L. Sellers, T. Kalman, L. V. TI Development of genomic DNA quality control materials for genetic testing of disorders common in people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 16-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Focus Diagnost, Cypress, CA USA. Quest Diagnost, San Juan Capistano, CA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Highsmith, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Genzyme, Westborough, MA USA. Genzyme Genet, Westborough, MA USA. Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 623 EP 623 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 102LF UT WOS:000241811800021 ER PT J AU Wilson, JA Pratt, VM Phansalkar, A Beck, JC Bridgeman, SJ Courtney, EM Epp, L Ferreira-Gonzalez, A Highsmith, WE Hjelm, NL Holtegaard, LM Jama, MA Johnson, MA Labrousse, P Lyon, E Muralidharan, K Prior, TW Richards, CS Richie, KL Roa, BB Rohtfs, EM Sellers, T Sherman, SL Siegrist, KA Silverman, LM Williams, MS Wiszniewska, J Kalman, LV AF Wilson, J. Amos Pratt, V. M. Phansalkar, A. Beck, J. C. Bridgeman, S. J. Courtney, E. M. Epp, L. Ferreira-Gonzalez, A. Highsmith, W. E. Hjelm, N. L. Holtegaard, L. M. Jama, M. A. Johnson, M. A. Labrousse, P. Lyon, E. Muralidharan, K. Prior, T. W. Richards, C. S. Richie, K. L. Roa, B. B. Rohtfs, E. M. Sellers, T. Sherman, S. L. Siegrist, K. A. Silverman, L. M. Williams, M. S. Wiszniewska, J. Kalman, L. V. TI Consensus validation of 16 FMR1 controls: a consortium study by the fragile xperts SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 16-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 Focus Diagnost Inc, Cypress, CA USA. Quest Diagnost, Nichols Inst, Chantilly, VA USA. ARUP Labs, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. Genzyme Genet, Westborough, MA USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Assoc Mol Pathol, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 623 EP 623 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 102LF UT WOS:000241811800022 ER PT J AU Sellers, T Kalman, LV AF Sellers, T. Kalman, L. V. TI Development of cell lines from the Coriell cell repositories for use as verified quality control materials for genetic testing SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 16-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 624 EP 624 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 102LF UT WOS:000241811800023 ER PT J AU Bhatnagar, J Guarner, J Tondella, ML Benson, RF Whitney, A McClee, V Fields, BS AF Bhatnagar, J. Guarner, J. Tondella, M. L. Benson, R. F. Whitney, A. McClee, V. Fields, B. S. TI Rapid, simultaneous detection of multiple bacteria associated with respiratory infections in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using target-enriched multiplex PCR technology SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 16-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 646 EP 646 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 102LF UT WOS:000241811800118 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Yore, MM Ainsworth, BE Macera, CA AF Kruger, Judy Yore, Michelle M. Ainsworth, Barbara E. Macera, Caroline A. TI Is participation in occupational physical activity associated with lifestyle physical activity levels? SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; LEISURE; FITNESS; HEALTH; RELIABILITY; POPULATION; WORKERS; TIME AB Objective: Little is known about the prevalence of lifestyle physical activity (PA) by occupational PA (mostly sitting, walking, or heavy labor). Methods: Descriptive and adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis of lifestyle PA (regularly active, irregularly active, inactive) and occupational activity was used (N = 6,360). Results: The prevalence of regular lifestyle activity was 45.7% among those who sit/stand, 49.6% among walkers, and 59.7% among heavy laborers. The regression analysis showed that adults working in heavy labor were almost twice as likely to be regularly active as those who sit/stand. Conclusion: Contrary to expectation, adults who engage in physically demanding work appear to be more active outside the Job. Those who are sedentary at work could benefit from having access to opportunities for PA during the workday and hying to engage in activity outside of work hours. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Exercise & Wellness, East Coll, Mesa, AZ USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ezk0@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1143 EP 1148 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000245919.37147.79 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 106WQ UT WOS:000242133100008 PM 17099450 ER PT J AU Birkhead, GS Koo, D AF Birkhead, Guthrie S. Koo, Denise TI Professional competencies for applied epidemiologists: A roadmap to a more effective epidemiologic workforce SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Community Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, AIDS Inst, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Univ Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CSTE Appl Epidemiol Competencies Workgrp, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Career Dev Div, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Birkhead, GS (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Community Hlth, Room 1417,Corning Tower,Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237 USA. EM gsb02@health.state.ny.us NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 501 EP 504 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 099KN UT WOS:000241593400001 PM 17041296 ER PT J AU Goodman, RM Yoo, S Jack, LJ AF Goodman, Robert M. Yoo, Seunghyun Jack, Leonard J. TI Applying comprehensive community-based approaches in diabetes prevention: Rationale, principles, and models SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE community public health; diabetes prevention; health promotion; social ecology ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; SELF-MANAGEMENT EDUCATION; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTIONS; HEALTH-PROMOTION; PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; NEW-ZEALAND; PROGRAM; RISK; COLLABORATION AB The literature regarding the prevention of diabetes provides few standards for community-based initiatives. The present article offers four principle for engaging communities in comprehensive community approaches to diabetes prevention including (1) facilitating meaningful and central roles for communities, (2) giving primary attention to participatory processes rather than to best practices, (3) emphasizing cultural relevance in designing interventions particularly in racial and ethnic communities, and (4) incorporating social ecology approaches that are holistic and that address larger environmental influences rather than individual behavioral change alone. In order that community public health practitioners may operationalize the principles, models are provided for each. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav & Community Hlth Sci, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Appl Behav Res Epidemiol Surveillance & Evaluat T, Program Dev Branch,Div Diabet TRanslat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goodman, RM (reprint author), 130 DeSoto Str,208 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM rmg16@pitt.edu NR 80 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 545 EP 555 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 099KN UT WOS:000241593400008 PM 17041303 ER PT J AU Reyes, NL Wong, LY MacRoy, PM Curtis, G Meyer, PA Evens, A Brown, MJ AF Reyes, Nimia L. Wong, Lee-Yang MacRoy, Patrick M. Curtis, Gerald Meyer, Pamela A. Evens, Anne Brown, Mary Jean TI Identifying housing that poisons: A critical step in eliminating childhood lead poisoning SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE childhood lead poisoning; hazard control; housing; primary prevention ID CHELATION-THERAPY; EXPOSED CHILDREN AB The purpose of our study was to develop a method to identify and prioritize "high-risk" buildings in Chicago that could be targeted for childhood lead poisoning prevention activities. We defined "high-risk" buildings as those where multiple children younger than 6 years with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) had lived and where lead hazards were previously identified on environmental inspection, By linking 1997-2003 Chicago elevated blood lead surveillance, environmental inspection, and building footprint data, we found that 49,362 children younger than 6 years with elevated BLLs lived at 30,742 buildings. Of those, 67 were "high-risk" buildings and these were associated with 994 children with elevated BLLs. On average, 15 children with elevated BLLs had lived in each building (range: 10-53, median: 13). Almost two thirds (n = 43) of the high-risk buildings had two or more referrals for inspection to the same apartment or housing unit; of those, 40 percent (n = 17) failed to maintain lead-safe status after compliance. Linking blood lead surveillance, environmental inspection, and building footprint databases allowed us to identify individual high-risk buildings. This approach prioritizes lead hazard control efforts and may help health, housing, and environmental agencies in targeting limited resources to increase lead-safe housing for children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Team, Atlanta, GA USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Chicago, IL USA. RP Brown, MJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mjb5@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 563 EP 569 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 099KN UT WOS:000241593400010 PM 17041305 ER PT J AU Dillon, CF Rasch, EK Gu, QP Hirsch, R AF Dillon, Charles F. Rasch, Elizabeth K. Gu, Qiuping Hirsch, Rosemarie TI Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the United States: Arthritis data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1991-94 SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activities of daily living; analgesics; knee; prevalence; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III osteoarthritis ID CLASSIFICATION; OVERWEIGHT; OLDER; OBESITY; US AB Objective. To estimate the US national prevalence of tibiofemoral radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA) with and without symptoms, and its influence on functional tasks. Methods. Radiographic and interview data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a nationally representative cross-sectional health examination survey, were used to estimate lifetime RKOA prevalence in adults age 60 years and older. Demographic trends, self-reported activity limitations, physical performance test results, and patterns of recent analgesic use were analyzed. Results. Among US adults, the prevalence of RKOA and symptomatic RKOA was 37.4% and 12.1%, respectively. RKOA prevalence was greater among women than men (42.1% vs 31.2%). Women had significantly more Kellgren-Lawrence Grade 3-4 changes (12.9% vs 6.5% in men). However, symptomatic RKOA prevalence did not differ by sex. Additionally, some 1.6% of US adults had knee joint replacement. Multivariable analysis showed significantly higher odds of both RKOA and symptomatic RKOA with greater body mass index (BMI >= 30), greater age, non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity, and among men with manual labor occupations. Only symptomatic RKOA was significantly associated with self-reported activity limitations: difficulty walking, stooping, standing from a seated position, and stair climbing. Adults with symptomatic RKOA used significantly more assistive walking devices, had slower measured gait velocities, and used significantly more prescription nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and prescription narcotics, and nonprescription acetaminophen. Conclusion. NHANES III data provide an overall national assessment of the prevalence, demographic distributions, and functional impact of symptomatic knee OA, which affects more than 1 in 10, or 4.3 million older US adults. C1 DHANES, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Harris Orkand Corp, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Dillon, CF (reprint author), DHANES, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4217, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM cid2@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 314 Z9 323 U1 4 U2 26 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2271 EP 2279 PG 9 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 105DX UT WOS:000242010700028 PM 17013996 ER PT J AU Butler, TH Miller, KS Holtgrave, DR Forehand, R Long, N AF Butler, Terry H. Miller, Kim S. Holtgrave, David R. Forehand, Rex Long, Nicholas TI Stages of sexual readiness and six-month stage progression among African American pre-teens SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CONDOM USE; BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENTS; INITIATION; INTERCOURSE; RISK; ACQUISITION; PREVALENCE; PREGNANCY AB We examined the range of sexual intentions and behaviors preceding sexual initiation among 211 African American preteens assigned to the control arm of a longitudinal community-based intervention trial. Stage of sexual readiness was assessed using the stage of change construct from the Transtheoretical Model, and patterns of stage movement during a 6-month period were examined. Overall, 90% of participants were in precontemplation at baseline, with the proportion of participants in this stage declining with each year of age. There was substantial stability in stage of sexual readiness during the 6-month period (87% stable). While definitive conclusions regarding exact patterns of movement are not yet possible, stage movement does not appear to be linear for all pre-teens, and there is evidence of both stage progression and regression. We present emerging patterns of stage movement, which suggest potential variation by age, gender, and baseline stage, and discuss potential implications. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Butler, TH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tbutler@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC SCIENTIFIC STUDY SEX INC PI MT VERNON PA PO BOX 208, MT VERNON, IA 52314 USA SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 378 EP 386 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 118CV UT WOS:000242920600009 PM 17599259 ER PT J AU Rosen, RC Catania, JA Ehrhardt, AA Burnett, AL Lue, TF McKenna, K Heiman, JR Schwarcz, S Ostrow, DG Hirshfield, S Purcell, DW Fisher, WA Stall, R Halkitis, PN Latini, DM Elford, J Laumann, EO Sonenstein, FL Greenblatt, DJ Kloner, RA Lee, J Malebranche, D Janssen, E Diaz, R Klausner, JD Caplan, AL Jackson, G Shabsigh, R Khalsa, JH Stoff, DM AF Rosen, Raymond C. Catania, Joseph A. Ehrhardt, Anke A. Burnett, Arthur L. Lue, Tom F. McKenna, Kevin Heiman, Julia R. Schwarcz, Sandy Ostrow, David G. Hirshfield, Sabina Purcell, David W. Fisher, William A. Stall, Ron Halkitis, Perry N. Latini, David M. Elford, Jonathan Laumann, Edward O. Sonenstein, Freya L. Greenblatt, David J. Kloner, Robert A. Lee, Jay Malebranche, David Janssen, Erick Diaz, Rafael Klausner, Jeffrey D. Caplan, Arthur L. Jackson, Graham Shabsigh, Ridwan Khalsa, Jag H. Stoff, David M. TI The Bolger Conference on PDE-5 Inhibition and HIV Risk: Implications for health policy and prevention SO JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor; HIV; AIDS; sexual risk behavior ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; GAY MEN; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; SENSATION SEEKING; INFECTED PATIENTS; BISEXUAL MEN; VIAGRA USE; DRUG-USE AB Introduction. Recent reports have linked the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors with increased rates of high-risk sexual behavior and HIV transmission in some individuals. Aim. A National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded, multidisciplinary conference was convened to evaluate scientific research, clinical and ethical considerations, and public policy implications of this topic. Main Outocme Measures. Published and unpublished findings on effects of PDE-5 inhibitors on sexual behavior; published guidelines and management recommendations. Methods. Leading investigators in relevant disciplines (e.g., public health, epidemiology, medical ethics, urology, psychology) participated in a 2-day meeting, including representatives of government, scientific, and regulatory agencies (the Centers for Disease Control, Food and Drug Administration, NIMH, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse). Panelists provided critical reviews of substantive areas of research, followed by question and answer sessions on each topic. On the second day, working groups were convened to identify critical gaps and priorities in three major areas: (i) research and evaluation needs; (ii) prevention strategies and clinical management issues; and (iii) policy and prevention implications. Results. Research needs and priorities were categorized into four specific areas: (i) basic and clinical/laboratory research; (ii) epidemiology and risk factors; (iii) social-behavioral processes and interventions; and (iv) prevention/policy and educational needs. Identified gaps in the available data include populations at risk (e.g., risk among heterosexuals, risk profiles among subpopulations of men who have sex with men) and the specific role of PDE-5 inhibitors in HIV seroconversion. Specific areas of emphasis were the need for safer sex counseling, comprehensive sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening and follow-up when indicated, avoidance of potentially dangerous drug interactions, and potential benefits of testosterone replacement for HIV-positive men with decreased androgen and other symptoms of hypogonadism. Conclusions. A conference was convened on the topic of PDE-5 inhibition and HIV risk. This "white paper" summarizes the findings of the conference and recommendations for future research. C1 New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Psychiat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. Columbia Univ, New York State Psychiat Inst, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, New York, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Indiana Univ, Kinsey Inst Res Sex Gender & Reprod, Bloomington, IN USA. San Francisco Publ Hlth Dept, HIV AIDS Stat & Epidemiol, San Francisco, CA USA. David Ostrow & Associates, Lakewood, IL USA. Med & Hlth Res Assoc, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, London, ON, Canada. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Behav Sci & Community Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NYU, Ctr Hlth Ident Beahv & Prevent Studies, New York, NY USA. Baylor Coll Med, Scott Dept Urol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. City Univ London, Inst Hlth Sci, London EC1V 0HB, England. Univ Chicago, Dept Sociol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Adolescent Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Cesar Chavez Inst, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Bioeth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. St Thomas Hosp, London, England. Columbia Univ, Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, Dept Urol, New York, NY 10032 USA. NIDA, Med Consequences Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIMH, Ctr Mental Hlth Res AIDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rosen, RC (reprint author), New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM rrosen@neriscience.com RI Kloner, Robert/B-2971-2012; Janssen, Erick/H-9106-2015; OI Janssen, Erick/0000-0002-0049-0703; Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168; Latini, David/0000-0002-6161-4861 FU NIMH NIH HHS [R13 MH074345] NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1743-6095 J9 J SEX MED JI J. Sex. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 3 IS 6 BP 960 EP 973 DI 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00323.x PG 14 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 098ZL UT WOS:000241562200004 PM 17100928 ER PT J AU Guess, MK Connell, K Schrader, S Reutman, S Wang, A LaCombe, J Toennis, C Lowe, B Melman, A Mikhail, M AF Guess, Marsha K. Connell, Kathleen Schrader, Steven Reutman, Susan Wang, Andrea LaCombe, Julie Toennis, Christine Lowe, Brian Melman, Arnold Mikhail, Magdy TI Genital sensation and sexual function in women bicyclists and runners: Are your feet safer than your seat? SO JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE sexual function; quantitative sensory testing; pudendal nerve ID ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; INJURIES; IMPOTENCE; CYCLISTS; SCALE AB Introduction. Bicycling is associated with neurological impairment and impotence in men. Similar deficits have not been confirmed in women. Aim. To evaluate the effects of bicycling on genital sensation and sexual function in women. Methods. Healthy, premenopausal, competitive women bicyclists and runners (controls) were compared. Main Outcome Measures. (1) Genital vibratory thresholds (VTs) were determined using the Medoc Vibratory Sensation Analyzer 3000. (2) Sexual function and sexually related distress were assessed by the Dennerstein Personal Experience Questionnaire (SPEQ) and the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS). Results. Forty-eight bicyclists and 22 controls were enrolled. The median age was 33 years. The bicyclists were older, had higher body mass indices (BMIs), were more diverse in their sexual orientation, and were more likely to have a current partner. Bicyclists rode an average of 28.3 +/- 19.7 miles/day (range 4-100), 3.8 +/- 1.5 days/week, for an average of 2.1 +/- 1.8 hours/ride. The mean number of years riding was 7.9 +/- 7.1 years (range 0.5-30). Controls ran an average of 4.65 +/- 2.1 miles/day (range 1.5-8) and 5.0 +/- 1.2 days/week. On bivariate analysis, bicyclists had significantly higher VTs than runners, indicating worse neurological function at all sites (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis found significant correlations between higher VTs and bicycling at the left and right perineum, posterior vagina, left and right labia. Increasing VTs at the clitoris, anterior vagina, and urethra were associated with age. In bicyclists, there were no correlations between VTs and miles biked per week, duration of riding, or BMI. Composite SPEQ scores indicated normal sexual function in all sexually active subjects. Neither group suffered from sexually related distress. Conclusion. There is an association between bicycling and decreased genital sensation in competitive women bicyclists. Negative effects on sexual function and quality of life were not apparent in our young, healthy premenopausal cohort. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Reprod, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Womens Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Urol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Guess, MK (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 333 Cedar St,Room 308, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM marsha.guess@yale.edu RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011; Reutman, Susan/C-2459-2012 FU NICHD NIH HHS [5K12HD047018]; NIDDK NIH HHS [3P01DK60037-03S1] NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1743-6095 J9 J SEX MED JI J. Sex. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1018 EP 1027 DI 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00317.x PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 098ZL UT WOS:000241562200012 PM 17100935 ER PT J AU Langham, GL Hoyt, RF Johnson, TE AF Langham, Gregory L. Hoyt, Robert F. Johnson, Thomas E. TI Particulate matter in animal rooms housing mice in microisolation caging SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUALLY VENTILATED PIV; WORKING ENVIRONMENT; LABORATORY-ANIMALS; AIRBORNE ALLERGENS; MOUSE ALLERGEN; CAGES; REDUCTION; FACILITY; SYSTEM; RATS AB Reactions to allergens created by laboratory animals are among the most frequently encountered occupational illnesses associated with research animals. Personnel are exposed to these allergens through airborne particulate matter. Although the use of microisolation caging systems can reduce particulate matter concentrations in rooms housing mice, the operating parameters of ventilated caging systems vary extensively. We compared room air in mouse rooms containing 5 different types of caging: 1) individually ventilated caging under positive pressure with filtered intake air and exhaust air returned to the room (VCR+), 2) individually ventilated caging under negative pressure with exhaust air returned to the room (VCR-), 3) individually ventilated caging under positive pressure with exhaust air returned to the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, 4) individually ventilated caging under negative pressure with exhaust air returned to the HVAC system, and 5) static microisolation cages. We found that rooms under VCR conditions had fewer large particles than did those under other conditions, but the numbers of 0.3 gm particles did not differ significantly among systems. Static, positive or negative pressure applied to caging units as well as route of air exhaust were found to have little influence on the total number of particles in the atmosphere. Therefore, considering the heat load, odor, and overall particulate concentration in the room, placing individually ventilated caging under negative pressure with exhaust air returned to the HVAC system appears to be the optimal overall choice when using microisolation housing for rodents. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Anim Resources ranch, Lawrenceville, GA USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Johnson, TE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Thomas.Johnson@colostate.edu NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 45 IS 6 BP 44 EP 48 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 105IY UT WOS:000242024800010 PM 17089991 ER PT J AU Harnack, LJ Lytle, LA Story, M Galuska, DA Schmitz, K Jacobs, DR Gao, SJ AF Harnack, Lisa J. Lytle, Leslie A. Story, Mary Galuska, Deborah A. Schmitz, Kathryn Jacobs, David R., Jr. Gao, Shujun TI Reliability and validity of a brief questionnaire to assess calcium intake of middle-school-aged children SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DIETARY-INTAKE; 24-HOUR RECALL; ENERGY-INTAKE; VALIDATION; WOMEN; ADOLESCENTS; NUTRITION; RECORDS; DESIGN AB Objective Evaluate the validity and reliability of a short (10-item) calcium food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for use with middle-school-aged (11 to 14 years of age) children. Design The calcium FFQ was completed twice, with 1 week between administrations. Three 24-hour dietary recalls were collected from each participant after the second administration of the calcium FFQ. Subjects/setting Students in an ethnically diverse middle school in Minneapolis, MN (n=248). Main outcome measures Calcium intake estimates from the calcium FFQ and dietary recalls. Statistical analyses Correlations between calcium intake estimates from the first and second questionnaire administrations of the calcium FFQ were calculated and paired t tests were conducted to compare mean calcium intake estimates from each questionnaire administration. Mean intake estimates from the calcium FFQ and the dietary recalls were compared. Also, correlations between intake estimates from the calcium FFQ and the recalls were calculated. Results Correlation between calcium intake estimates derived from the first and second administration of the calcium FFQ was 0.74. Mean calcium intake estimates from the calcium FFQ and the average of the three dietary recalls were 856 mg/day and 993 mg/day, respectively (P<0.001). The correlation between calcium intake estimates derived from the calcium FFQ and the average of the recalls was 0.43. Conclusions Reliability of the FFQ was found to be good while validity was weaker, with calcium intake from the calcium FFQ moderately associated with estimates from dietary recalls. Where a brief instrument for assessing calcium intake of middle-school-aged children is needed, the calcium FFQ evaluated in this study may be useful. C1 Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Harnack, LJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, 1300 S 2nd Ave,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM harnack@epi.umn.edu RI Schmitz, Kathryn/B-7154-2011 FU PHS HHS [U36/CCU300430-20] NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 106 IS 11 BP 1790 EP 1795 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.08.014 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 101CA UT WOS:000241715300015 PM 17081830 ER PT J AU Shugarman, LR Hales, C Setodji, CM Bardenheier, B Lynn, J AF Shugarman, Lisa R. Hales, Craig Setodji, Claude Messan Bardenheier, Barbara Lynn, Joanne TI The influence of staff and resident immunization rates on influenza-like illness outbreaks in nursing homes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; LONG-TERM-CARE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; VACCINATION; MORTALITY; HOSPITALIZATIONS; RISK AB Objective: To evaluate the influence of immunization rates on the likelihood of influenza-like illness (ILI) clusters in nursing facilities. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting: Nursing facilities in a single for-profit chain (N = 301). Participants: Nursing home residents and staff in each facility. Measurements: Resident and staff influenza immunization rates during the 2004-2005 influenza season, indicator of ILI cluster in facility defined as 3+ ILI cases reported within 72 hours in close proximity within the facility, hospitalization and mortality rates for facilities reporting ILI clusters, indicator of confirmatory laboratory testing for ILI cases in facility. Results: Staff (median = 38%) and resident (median = 85%) rates of immunization did not independently predict the likelihood of an outbreak but jointly were strong predictors. For example, facilities having greater than 55% of staff and greater than 89% of residents immunized were almost 60% less likely to have an ILI cluster (odds ratio [OR]: 0.410; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.89) compared to all others. Facilities with higher proportions of Medicaid-funded residents were less likely to have an outbreak. Each 1% increase in the proportion of residents with Medicaid was associated with a 2.5% decrease in the risk of a cluster (OR: 0.975; 95% CI: 0.956, 0.995). Bed size and staff size did not significantly influence the likelihood of an outbreak. Among facilities with outbreaks, higher vaccination rates did not predict lower rates of hospitalizations or deaths. Approximately two thirds of all ILI clusters had laboratory testing to confirm the diagnosis of influenza. Three quarters of the facilities in which outbreaks occurred and for which confirmatory tests were performed (50/67, 74.6%) had 1+ cases positively identified as influenza. Conclusion: Both staff and residents must have high rates of vaccination to substantially alter the rate and impact of influenza outbreaks in nursing facilities. C1 RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90401 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RAND Corp, Arlington, VA USA. RP Shugarman, LR (reprint author), RAND Corp, 1776 Main St,POB 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90401 USA. EM Lisa_Shugarman@rand.org FU NCIRD CDC HHS [5U01IP000034-02] NR 20 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-8610 J9 J AM MED DIR ASSOC JI J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 7 IS 9 BP 562 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.jamda.2006.06.002 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 108VU UT WOS:000242268100005 PM 17095421 ER PT J AU Forna, FM Fitzpatrick, L Adimora, AA McLellan-Lemal, E Leone, P Brooks, JT Marks, G Greenberg, A AF Forna, Fatu M. Fitzpatrick, Lisa Adimora, Adaora A. McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor Leone, Peter Brooks, John T. Marks, Gary Greenberg, Alan TI A case-control study of factors associated with HIV infection among black women SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE HIV transmission; black women; herpes ID UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; RISK; SEX AB Objective: To identify social, behavioral and epidemiologic factors associated with HIV infection among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected black women residing in North Carolina. Design: A case-control study conducted in August 2004 in North Carolina. Methods: Cases were 18-40-year-old women with HIV infections diagnosed from 2003-2004. Controls were 18-40-yearold, HIV-negative heterosexually active women recruited from HIV testing sites. Five focus group discussions were also conducted with women not participating in the case-control study. Results: Multivariate analyses of 31 cases and 101 controls showed that HIV-positive women were more likely to receive public assistance [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.3; 95% confidence interval (0) 2.1, 26.0], to report a history of genital herpes infection (aOR 10.6; 95% Cl 2.4, 47.2), and were less likely to have discussed a variety of sexual and behavioral issues relevant to risk of HIV infection with their male partners (aOR 0.6; 95% Cl 0.4, 0.8). Focus group participants indicated that financial and social demands created competing challenges for making HIV prevention a priority. Conclusions: Inadequate communication between black women and their sexual partners may create barriers to sexual and behavioral risk reduction. A multidimensional approach that addresses both biological factors such as herpes infection and socioeconomic factors may be needed to reduce HIV transmission in this population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Forna, FM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fforna@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 98 IS 11 BP 1798 EP 1804 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 107ZN UT WOS:000242209600011 PM 17128690 ER PT J AU Ross, LE Richardson, LC Berkowitz, Z AF Ross, Louie E. Richardson, Lisa C. Berkowitz, Zahava TI The effect of physician-patient discussions on the likelihood of prostate-specific antigen testing SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; PSA test use; mediation; screening ID PATIENTS SELF-REPORTS; PRIMARY-CARE; CANCER; KNOWLEDGE; ACCURACY; BEHAVIOR; MEN AB Many medical and professional organizations agree that men should discuss the advantages and disadvantages of testing for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with their physicians before undergoing testing. In the 2000 National Health Interview Survey, men who had undergone a PSA test in the past were asked about their use of this test and discussions they had with physicians regarding its advantages and disadvantages. Among a group of 2,188 black and white men aged 40-79 years with no history of prostate cancer and a history of testing for PSA, we examined whether physician-patient discussions mediated the relationship between race and PSA testing. We specified that the test had to be their most recent one and part of a routine physical examination or screening test. We compared those tested within the past two years with those tested > 2 years. Almost two-thirds of the men previously had discussions with their physicians about the advantages and disadvantages of the PSA test. Older men, college graduates, those living in the midwest and those with health insurance were more likely to have been tested recently. Discussion with a physician was found to mediate the relationship between race and PSA testing during the past two years. Black men were initially found to be more likely than white men to have been screened recently [odds ratio (OR)=1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-2.07], but in the full model race was no longer significant (OR= 1.41; 95% Cl 0.98-2.03). Discussions about PSA testing were associated with more recent PSA screening (OR=1.38, 95% Cl 1.05-1.82). These findings suggest that: 1) the relationships among race, physician discussions and PSA testing may need to be examined in more complex ways, and 2) the physician has an important role in men's decision to consider PSA testing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ross, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lor3@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 98 IS 11 BP 1823 EP 1829 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 107ZN UT WOS:000242209600014 PM 17128693 ER PT J AU Evatt, BL AF Evatt, B. L. TI The tragic history of AIDS in the hemophilia population, 1982-1984 SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article ID ANTIHEMOPHILIC-FACTOR; UNITED-STATES; CARE; CONCENTRATE; RETROVIRUS; DEFICIENCY; INFECTION; VIRUS; MALES; RISK C1 World Federat Hemophilia, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Hematol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Evatt, BL (reprint author), World Federat Hemophilia, Atlanta, GA USA. EM blc2@mindspring.com NR 36 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1538-7933 J9 J THROMB HAEMOST JI J. Thromb. Haemost. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 4 IS 11 BP 2295 EP 2301 DI 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.02213.x PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 094KG UT WOS:000241237700001 PM 16972935 ER PT J AU Greenspan, AI Coronado, VG MacKenzie, EJ Schulman, J Pierce, B Provenzano, G AF Greenspan, Arlene I. Coronado, Victor G. MacKenzie, Ellen J. Schulman, Jane Pierce, Ben Provenzano, George TI Injury hospitalizations: Using the nationwide inpatient sample SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE hospital discharge; injury; falls; motor vehicle crashes ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; TRENDS; SURVEILLANCE; FRACTURE AB Background. The aims of this study are to develop estimates of discharge rates and frequencies for all injury-related hospitalizations in the United States for the year 2000 and to characterize patterns of hospitalized injury and anatomic region using a modified Barell Matrix. The utility of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for providing national estimates of hospitalized injuries will be discussed. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of hospital discharge data using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. All hospital discharges with a primary diagnosis of injury were selected. Total number of hospitalizations, annual discharge rates, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by body region, nature of injury, and injury mechanism. Number of injuries by age, sex, body region, and nature of injury were also calculated for falls and motor vehicle crashes. Results. In 2000, there were an estimated 1,690,780 hospital discharges with a primary injury diagnosis. Discharge rates were highest for the oldest age groups. Falls and motor vehicle crashes were the leading causes of hospitalization. Fracture was the most common diagnosis and lower extremity injury was the most common anatomic region. Conclusions. Hospital discharge data adds another dimension to our understanding of the total injury burden. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample may be useful in providing national estimates of hospital discharges. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Greenspan, AI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA USA. EM aig0@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD NOV PY 2006 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1234 EP 1243 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000231558.71696.1a PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 105TB UT WOS:000242054100036 PM 17099535 ER PT J AU Fang, J Negassa, A Gern, RW Alderman, MH AF Fang, Jing Negassa, Abdissa Gern, Robert W. Alderman, Michael H. TI Access to revascularization among patients with acute myocardial infarction in New York City - Impact of hospital resources SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acute myocardial infarction; coronary heart diseases; neighborhoods; revascularization; SPARCS ID ON-SITE REVASCULARIZATION; THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY; CORONARY-ANGIOGRAPHY; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; ANGIOPLASTY; OUTCOMES; SERVICES; TRIALS; CARE; RACE AB Timely revascularization can improve survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Identification of factors associated with increased use of revascularization in appropriate patients could improve outcomes. Using New York City hospital discharge records for 1988-1992 and 1998-2002, we determined revascularization rates for patients hospitalized with MI by neighborhood. Odds ratios for revascularization were estimated using a spatial model adjusting for neighborhood sociodemograpbic characteristics, while accounting for similarities in the rate of revascularization among geographically adjacent neighborhoods. Only 16 out of 112 New York City hospitals performed coronary revascularization. They were located in 14 of 41 neighborhoods. In general, patients living in neighborhoods with higher percentages of patients admitted to hospitals capable of revascularization service were more likely to be revascularized than those in neighborhoods with low percentages of patients admitted to hospitals with revascularization resources. This was true regardless of neighborhood availability of revascularization, after accounting for neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics and patients' clinical status. Revascularization rates in New York City increased from 1988-1992 to 1998-2002 in every neighborhood and as a whole from 103 to 326 per 1,000 hospitalized AMI patients. This increase was not explained by the addition of new revascularization services. Thus, in New York City, where only certain hospitals can perform revascularization, efficient delivery of patients to hospitals with these resources appears to increase the likelihood of revascularization performance among AMI patients without increasing the number of new hospitals capable of revascularization. C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Fang, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jfang@cdc.gov FU AHRQ HHS [R01 HS011612, HS11612-01A1] NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1094 DI 10.1007/s11524-006-9093-y PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 121UG UT WOS:000243181900008 PM 16897417 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RM Malka, ES Augenbraun, M Rubin, S Hogben, M Liddon, N McCormack, WM Wilson, TE AF Schwartz, Rebecca M. Malka, Edmond S. Augenbraun, Michael Rubin, Steven Hogben, Matthew Liddon, Nicole McCormack, William M. Wilson, Tracey E. TI Predictors of partner notification for C-trachomatis and N-gonorrhoeae: An examination of social cognitive and psychological factors SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE partner notification; patient referral; STI ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; RISK BEHAVIORS; HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; SEX PARTNERS; RECURRENT; THERAPY AB Efforts to control chlamydial and gonococcal infections include notifying eligible sexual partners of possible infection, primarily by asking the diagnosed patient to notify their partners. This approach, known as patient referral, is widely used but poorly understood. The current study examined psychosocial and cognitive factors associated with patient referral among an urban, minority sample of 168 participants recently diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. At a follow-up interview 1-month from diagnosis, participants were more likely to have notified all eligible partners if they bad greater intention to notify at baseline (OR = 3.72; 95% CI = 1.34, 10.30) and if they bad only one partner at baseline (OR = 4.08; 95% CI = 1.61, 10.31). There were also gender differences as well as differences based on type of partner (i.e., regular, casual, one-time). The implications of these findings for the design of programs to promote patient referral for sexually transmitted infections are discussed. C1 SUNY Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Bur STD Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schwartz, RM (reprint author), SUNY Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Box 1240,450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. EM Rebecca.Schwartz@downstate.edu FU PHS HHS [R30 CCR219136] NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1095 EP 1104 DI 10.1007/s11524-006-9087-9 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 121UG UT WOS:000243181900009 PM 16817010 ER PT J AU Abdul-Quader, AS Heckathorn, DD Sabin, K Saidel, T AF Abdul-Quader, Abu S. Heckathorn, Douglas D. Sabin, Keith Saidel, Tobi TI Implementation and analysis of respondent driven sampling: Lessons learned from the field SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN POPULATIONS; USERS; NETWORKS; DRUG C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. Family Hlth Int, Durham, NC USA. RP Abdul-Quader, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afa3@cdc.gov OI Sabin, Keith/0000-0002-2290-8621 NR 25 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 SU S BP I1 EP I5 DI 10.1007/s11524-006-9108-8 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 122YN UT WOS:000243263600001 PM 17058119 ER PT J AU Johnston, LG Sabin, K Hien, MT Huong, PT AF Johnston, Lisa Grazina Sabin, Keith Hien, Mai Thu Huong, Pham Thi TI Assessment of respondent driven sampling for recruiting female sex workers in two Vietnamese cities: Reaching the unseen sex worker SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV; respondent driven sampling; sex workers; vietnam ID HIDDEN POPULATIONS AB Respondent driven sampling (RDS) is a relatively new method to sample hard-to-reach populations. Until this study, female sex workers (FSWs) in Vietnam were sampled using a variety of methods, including time location sampling (TLS), which may not access the more hidden types of FSWs. This paper Presents an analysis from an HIV biological and behavioral surveillance survey to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of RDS to sample FSWs, to determine if RDS can reach otherwise inaccessible FSWs in Vietnam and to compare RDS findings of HIV risk factors with a theoretical TLS. Through face-to-face interviews with FSWs in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and Hai Pbong (HP), data were collected about the venues where they most often solicit their clients. These data were used to create three variables to assess whether FSWs solicit their clients in locations that are visible, semi-visible and non-visible. For this analysis, the visible group simulates a sample captured using TLS. Survey results in HIV prevalence and related risk factors and service utilization, adjusted for sampling methodology, were compared across each of the three FSW visibility groups to assess potential bias in TLS relative to RDS. The number of self-reported visible FSWs (HCMC: n = 311; HP: n = 162) was much larger than those of the semi-visible (HCMC: n = 65; HP: n = 43) and non-visible (HCMC: n = 3 7; HP: n = 10) FSWs in HCMC and HP. Non-visible FSWs in both cities were just as likely as visible and semi-visible FSWs to be HIV positive (HCMC: visible 14.5%, semi-visible 13.8%, non-visible 13.5%, p value = 0.982; HP: visible 35.2%, semi-visible 30.2%, non-visible 30.0%, p value = 0.801), to practice behaviors that put them at risk for contracting and transmitting HIV (injecting drug use-HCMC: visible 13.8%, semi-visible 12.3%, non-visible 5.4%, p value = 0.347; HP: visible 38.9%, semi-visible 23.3%, non-visible 30.0%, p value = 0.378, to have no condom use in the past month -HCMC only: visible 52.7%, semi-visible 63.1%, non-visible 48.6%, p value = 0.249) and to have symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the past year (HCMC: visible 16.1%, semi-visible 12.3%, non-visible 16.2%, p value = 0.742; HP: visible 13.6%, semi-visible 18.6%, non-visible 20.0%, p value = 0.640). There was a difference found among the visible, semi-visible and non-visible groups in HP for no past month condom use (visible 53.1%, semi-visible 79.1%, non-visible 60.0%, p value = 0.009). This study found that RDS was successful at recruiting hidden types of FSWs in Vietnam. Past reports of FSWs in Vietnam have assessed the more visible FSWs as being the most vulnerable and at risk for HIV. Although the number of visible FSWs is much higher than those of the semi and non-visible groups, this study found that the non-visible FSWs are very vulnerable to HIV infection. If prevention programs are targeting and responding to those who are most likely to be assessed (e.g., more visible types of FSWs) then this analysis indicates that a significant proportion of the FSW population at risk for HIV may not be receiving optimal HIV information and services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth, LIFE GAP Off, Hanoi, Vietnam. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Johnston, LG (reprint author), 29 Camino Bot, Santa Fe, NM 87607 USA. EM lsjohnston@comcast.net OI Sabin, Keith/0000-0002-2290-8621 NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 SU S BP I16 EP I28 DI 10.1007/s11524-006-9099-5 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 122YN UT WOS:000243263600003 PM 17031567 ER PT J AU McKnight, C Jarlais, DD Bramson, H Tower, L Abdul-Quader, AS Nemeth, C Heckathorn, D AF McKnight, Courtney Jarlais, Don Des Bramson, Heidi Tower, Lisa Abdul-Quader, Abu S. Nemeth, Chris Heckathorn, Douglas TI Respondent-driven sampling in a study of drug users in New York City: Notes from the field SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CAPI; drug users; IRIS plus; respondent-driven sampling (RDS); time-space sampling ID HIDDEN POPULATIONS AB Beth Israel Medical Center (BIMC), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in a study of HIV seroprevalence among drug users in New York City in 2004. We report here on operational issues with RDS including recruitment, coupon distribution, storefront operations, police and community relations, and the overall lessons we learned. Project staff recruited eight seeds from a syringe exchange in Lower Manhattan to serve as the initial study participants. Upon completion of the interview that lasted approximately 1 h and a blood draw, each seed was given three coupons to recruit three drug users into the study. Each of the subsequent eligible participants was also given three coupons to recruit three of their drug-using acquaintances. Eligible participants had to have: injected, smoked or snorted an illicit drug in the last 6 months (other than marijuana), aged 18 or older, adequate English language knowledge to permit informed consent and complete questionnaire. From April to July 2004, 618 drug users were interviewed, including 263 (43%) current injectors, 119 (19%) former injectors, and 236 (38%) never injectors. Four hundred sixty nine (76%) participants were men, 147 (24%) were women, and two (<1%) were transgender. By race/ethnicity, 285 (46%) were black, 218 (35%) Hispanic, 88 (14%) white, 23 (4%) mixed/not specified, and four (<1%) native American. Interviews were initially done on a drop-in basis but this system changed to appointments 1 month into the study due to the large volume of subjects coming in for interviews. Data collection was originally proposed to last for 1 year with a target recruitment of 500 drug users. Utilizing RDS, we were able to recruit and interview 118 more drug users than originally proposed in one quarter of the time. RDS was efficient with respect to time and economics (we did not have to hire an outreach worker) and effective in recruiting a diverse sample of drug users. C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP McKnight, C (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM cmcknigh@chpnet.org NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 SU S BP I54 EP I59 DI 10.1007/s11524-006-9102-1 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 122YN UT WOS:000243263600006 PM 16977493 ER PT J AU Baas, T Baskin, CR Diamond, DL Garcia-Sastre, A Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H Tumpey, TM Thomas, MJ Carter, VS Teal, TH Van Hoeven, N Proll, S Jacobs, JM Caldwelll, ZR Gritsenko, MA Hukkanen, RR Camp, DG Smith, RD Katze, MG AF Baas, T. Baskin, C. R. Diamond, D. L. Garcia-Sastre, A. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H. Tumpey, T. M. Thomas, M. J. Carter, V. S. Teal, T. H. Van Hoeven, N. Proll, S. Jacobs, J. M. Caldwelll, Z. R. Gritsenko, M. A. Hukkanen, R. R. Camp, D. G., II Smith, R. D. Katze, M. G. TI Integrated molecular signature of disease: Analysis of influenza virus-infected macaques through functional genomics and proteomics SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE-RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 1918 PANDEMIC VIRUS; I-RESTRICTED PRESENTATION; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; A VIRUS; SARS CORONAVIRUS; MICROARRAY DATA; MACACA-FASCICULARIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION AB Recent outbreaks of avian influenza in humans have stressed the need for an improved nonhuman primate model of influenza pathogenesis. In order to further develop a macaque model, we expanded our previous in vivo genomics experiments with influenza virus-infected macaques by focusing on the innate immune response at day 2 postinoculation and on gene expression in affected lung tissue with viral genetic material present. Finally, we sought to identify signature genes for early infection in whole blood. For these purposes, we infected six pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) with reconstructed influenza A/Texas/36/91 virus and three control animals with a sham inoculate. We sacrificed one control and two experimental animals at days 2, 4, and 7 postinfection. Lung tissue was harvested for pathology, gene expression profiling, and proteomics. Blood was collected for genomics every other day from each animal until the experimental endpoint. Gross and microscopic pathology, immunohistochemistry, viral gene expression by arrays, and/or quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR confirmed successful yet mild infections in all experimental animals. Genomic experiments were performed using macaque-specific oligonucleotide arrays, and high-throughput proteomics revealed the host response to infection at the mRNA and protein levels. Our data showed dramatic differences in gene expression within regions in influenza virus-induced lesions based on the presence or absence of viral mRNA. We also identified genes tightly coregulated in peripheral white blood cells and in lung tissue at day 2 postinoculation. This latter finding opens the possibility of using gene expression arrays on whole blood to detect infection after exposure but prior to onset of symptoms or shedding. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. NCID, Influenza Branch, DVRD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baas, T (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM traceyb@u.washington.edu RI Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle/A-3686-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, R24 RR016354, RR016354, RR018522]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI058113]; NIDA NIH HHS [1P30DA01562501] NR 85 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 80 IS 21 BP 10813 EP 10828 DI 10.1128/JVI.00851-06 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 099OZ UT WOS:000241606100051 PM 16928763 ER PT J AU Hayes, DK Denny, CH Keenan, NL Croft, JB Sundaram, AA Greenlund, KJ AF Hayes, D. K. Denny, C. H. Keenan, N. L. Croft, J. B. Sundaram, A. A. Greenlund, K. J. TI Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in multiple risk factors for heart disease and stroke in women: Behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2003 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; TELEPHONE SURVEY; HEALTH; DISPARITIES; MORTALITY; IMPACT; ADULTS; HYPERTENSION; PREVALENCE AB Objective: To examine racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in multiple risk factors for heart disease and stroke among women. Methods: Data from 153,466 adult women in the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a telephone survey of U.S. adults, were used to assess the prevalence of multiple (i.e., >= 2 of diabetes, current smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, or physical inactivity) risk factors for heart disease and stroke. Descriptive and multivariable analyses assessed differences in multiple risk factors among racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Results: More than one third (36.5%) of all women had multiple risk factors. The age-standardized prevalence of multiple risk factors was lowest in whites and Asians. After adjustment for age, income, education, and health coverage, the odds for multiple risk factors was greater in black (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.42-1.64) and Native American women (1.36, 95% CI = 1.11-1.67) and lower for Hispanic women (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.76-0.91) compared with white women. Prevalence estimates and odds of multiple risk factors increased with age; decreased with education, income, and employment; and were lower in those with no health coverage. Smoking was more common in younger women, whereas older women were more likely to have medical conditions (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes) and be physically inactive. Conclusions: Over one third of U. S. women have two or more risk factors for heart disease and stroke. Prevention programs that target risk reduction are especially critical to decrease the burden of heart disease and stroke in these higher-risk U.S. women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hayes, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dhayes@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1000 EP 1008 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.1000 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 117DM UT WOS:000242852900003 PM 17125418 ER PT J AU Frank, E Elon, L Saltzman, LE Houry, D McMahon, P Doyle, J AF Frank, Erica Elon, Lisa Saltzman, Linda E. Houry, Debra McMahon, Pamela Doyle, Joyce TI Clinical and personal intimate partner violence training experiences of US medical students SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; FAMILY VIOLENCE; WOMEN PHYSICIANS; ATTITUDES; ABUSE; PATTERNS; CARE AB Objective: To learn about U. S. medical students' attitudes, experiences, and practices regarding intimate partner violence (IPV). Methods: In a sample reflective of all U. S. medical schools, we surveyed the class of 2003 in 16 U. S. medical schools at three different times in their training. Results: A total of 2316 medical students responded, for a response rate of 80%. By senior year, although 91% of medical students reported receiving at least some training in discussing IPV, only one fifth reported extensive training. Although 73% of students entering wards thought IPV was highly important for physicians to discuss with patients, only 55% of students entering wards, decreasing to 35% of seniors, thought IPV would be highly relevant to their own practice. Only 55% of seniors reported talking with general medicine patients at least sometimes about IPV. Greater frequency of discussing IPV for seniors was associated with being a woman (60% vs. 50% for men, p = 0.006), self-designating as politically moderate or liberal (p = 0.0008), and thinking (on entering wards) that it was highly important for physicians to talk to patients about IPV (p = 0.0002). Perceived relevance of discussing domestic violence to intended practice was substantially higher among women, underrepresented minorities, those having a personal or family history of domestic violence, and those categorizing themselves as politically liberal or very liberal. Among seniors, the prevalence of reporting a personal history of IPV was 3% for women and 1% for men; 12% of women and 7% of men reported a family or personal IPV history. Conclusions: Despite national interest in IPV issues, efforts in U. S. medical schools to increase IPV screening and prevention have not achieved saturation. These gaps in IPV instruction in medical schools are a concern because studies have reported that physicians who receive IPV education training are significantly more likely to screen for it. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Frank, E (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM efrank@emory.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1071 EP 1079 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.1071 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 117DM UT WOS:000242852900011 PM 17125426 ER PT J AU Ebrahim, SH Atrash, H AF Ebrahim, Shahul H. Atrash, Hani TI Managing persistent preventable threats to safer pregnancies and infant health in the United States: Beyond silos and into integration, early intervention, and prevention SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID RECOGNITION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ebrahim, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA USA. EM sebrahim@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1090 EP 1092 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.1090 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 117DM UT WOS:000242852900013 PM 17125428 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Lee, FK Abrams, EJ Jamieson, DJ Bulterys, M AF Kourtis, Athena P. Lee, Francis K. Abrams, Elaine J. Jamieson, Denise J. Bulterys, Marc TI Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: timing and implications for prevention SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; SINGLE-DOSE NEVIRAPINE; MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; BREAST-FED CHILDREN; ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; INFECTED MOTHERS; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE AB This article provides a synthesis of clinical trial data with an aim to deduce the timing of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. Because transmission of the infection to the infant through breastfeeding is one of the main challenges in fighting paediatric HIV/AIDS in the developing world, we present separate estimates for the timing of HIV transmission for non-breastfeeding and breastfeeding populations. Our estimates predict that, for non-breastfeeding populations, 50% of HIV infections are transmitted to the infant at the very end of pregnancy, near to the time of labour. For breastfeeding populations, the postnatal period accounts for most of the HIV infections transmitted to the infant. We discuss the potential benefit of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life as a policy to decrease the magnitude of HIV transmission. Furthermore, we present the hypothesis, based on recent research findings of viral latency, that the time when a fetus initially encounters the virus might not be when infection is established. We discuss the implications of this hypothesis and how it could lead to new interventions for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sr Serv, CDC,NCCDPHP,DRH, Koger Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Lusaka, Zambia. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sr Serv, CDC,NCCDPHP,DRH, Koger Ctr, MS-K34,Columbia Bldg,Woodcock Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 11 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 6 IS 11 BP 726 EP 732 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70629-6 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 100JN UT WOS:000241664400026 PM 17067921 ER PT J AU Silva, R Thomas, M Caetano, R Aragaki, C AF Silva, Rodrigo Thomas, Mike Caetano, Raul Aragaki, Corinne TI Preventing low birth weight in Illinois: Outcomes of the Family Case Management Program SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE case management; Illinois/epidemiology; infant; low birth weight; pregnancy outcome/epidemiology; Prenatal Care/organization & administration ID CHILDREN BORN; SMOKING AB Objectives: In the mid 1980's the federal government passed legislation allowing states to expand their Medicaid programs for pregnant women. States were also offered matching funds for "enhanced" prenatal care services. The Illinois Family Case Management (FCM) Program targets low-income women and aims to reduce barriers to prenatal care and infant healthcare utilization and also provides health education. We evaluated the outcome of the Illinois Family Case Management Program (FCM) in preventing low birth weight in Winnebago County. Methods: A total of 6,440 participants were included in this study. Logistic regression was used to test whether number of visits or total hours of visitation were significant protective factors against low birth weight. Results: While participating in the FCM Program resulted in a lower rate of low birth weight delivery, neither increasing time with a family case manager nor increasing number of visits showed statistically significant additional protection against low birth weight delivery after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Conclusion: In order to further improve program outcomes, efforts need to include improving quality of interventions or developing new interventions rather than simply increasing the amount of current intervention for each participant. The cost effectiveness of shifting FCM Program efforts away from infants (aged 0-1 year) towards improved prenatal interventions should be evaluated. C1 Gen Dynam Corp, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77025 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Winnebago Cty Hlth Dept, Rockford, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX USA. RP Thomas, M (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, 1400 Key Blvd Ste 1200, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM MikeT@uic.edu NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0133-8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 120UU UT WOS:000243112500003 PM 16865536 ER PT J AU Zhang, XZ Meltzer, MI Wortley, PM AF Zhang, Xinzhi Meltzer, Martin I. Wortley, Pascale M. TI FluSurge - A tool to estimate demand for hospital services during the next pandemic influenza SO MEDICAL DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 132nd Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 06-10, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc DE delivery of health care; hospital planning; resource allocation ID UNITED-STATES AB Purpose. To assess the impact of pandemic influenza on hospital services. Methods. Based on census data and estimates of hospital resources (non-ICU [intensive care unit] beds, ICU beds, and mechanical ventilators) in a given area, FluSurge software estimates the number of hospital admissions and deaths due to pandemic influenza under variable duration and virulence scenarios and compares hospital resources needed during a pandemic with existing hospital resources. Results. Sample results from Metropolitan Atlanta illustrate how the next influenza pandemic may overwhelm existing hospital resources, given that hospitals increasingly operate at nearly full capacity. Conclusions. Hospitals need to consider and plan for a surge in demand for hospital services during the next influenza pandemic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Surveillance, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zhang, XZ (reprint author), CDC, NCID, OD, OS, D-59,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM XZhang4@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0272-989X J9 MED DECIS MAKING JI Med. Decis. Mak. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 617 EP 623 DI 10.1177/0272989X06295359 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 107LD UT WOS:000242172200007 PM 17099200 ER PT J AU Livengood, JA Gilmore, RD AF Livengood, Jill A. Gilmore, Robert D., Jr. TI Invasion of human neuronal and glial cells by an infectious strain of Borrelia burgdorferi SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Borrelia burgdorferi; cell invasion; neuroborreliosis ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEURAL CELLS; NEUROBORRELIOSIS; ADHESION; AGENT; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEOGLYCANS; LOCALIZATION AB Human infection by Borrelia burgdoiferi, the etiological agent for Lyme disease, can result in serious acute and late-term disorders including neuroborreliosis, a degenerative condition of the peripheral and central nervous systems. To examine the mechanisms involved in the cellular pathogenesis of neuroborreliosis, we investigated the ability of B. burgdorferi to attach to and/or invade a panel of human neuroglial and cortical neuronal cells. In all neural cells tested, we observed B. burgdorfieri in association with the cell by confocal microscopy. Further analysis by differential immunofluorescent staining of external and internal organisms, and a gentamicin protection assay demonstrated an intracellular localization of B. burgdorferi. A non-infectious strain of B. burgdorferi was attenuated in its ability to associate with these neural cells, suggesting that a specific borrelial factor related to cellular infectivity was responsible for the association. Cytopathic effects were not observed following infection of these cell lines with B. burgdorfieri, and internalized spirochetes were found to be viable. Invasion of neural cells by B. burgdoiferi provides a putative mechanism for the organism to avoid the host's immune response while potentially causing functional damage to neural cells during infection of the CNS. (c) 2006 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Gilmore, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd,CSU Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM rbg9@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 8 IS 14-15 BP 2832 EP 2840 DI 10.1016/j.micinf.2006.08.014 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 127GU UT WOS:000243574300002 PM 17045505 ER PT J AU Bish, CL Blanck, HM Maynard, LM Serdula, MK Thompson, NJ Khan, LK AF Bish, Connie L. Blanck, Heidi Michels Maynard, L. Michele Serdula, Mary K. Thompson, Nancy J. Khan, Laura Kettel TI Health-related quality of life and weight loss among overweight and obese US adults, 2001 to 2002 SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE BMI; mental health; physical health; activity; limitation; health status ID BODY-MASS INDEX; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SEEKING TREATMENT; PERSONS SEEKING; ASSOCIATIONS; WOMEN; OLDER; POPULATION; APPEARANCE AB Objective: To examine the prevalence and association of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) with trying to lose weight and with weight loss practices (eating fewer calories, physical activity, and both) among overweight and obese U.S. adults ! 20 years of age. Research Methods and Procedures: This study used data from the 2001 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a continuous annual survey of the civilian non-institutionalized U.S. population. This analysis included those >= 20 years of age with BMI >= 25 (n = 2578) who responded to four standard HRQOL measures that assessed general health status and recent physical health, mental health, and activity limitation. Results: Among obese men, but not women, there were significant increasing linear trends in the adjusted prevalence of trying to lose weight as physically unhealthy and activity limitation days increased. Regardless of BMI or HRQOL, reducing calories was a common weight loss practice (66% to 86%). Except for recent activity limitation, respondents with BMI >= 35 did not generally differ by HRQOL level in the attainment of recommended physical activity either alone or in combination with reduced calories, whereas those in the BMI 25 to 34.9 groups often differed significantly by HRQOL level. Specifically, increased unhealthy or activity limitation days were associated with reduced prevalence of attained physical activity. Discussion: Our findings indicate an association between trying to lose weight and a greater number of unhealthy days reported by obese men, suggesting that these men may be influenced by traditional clinical weight-loss counseling that is prompted by weight and comorbidity, whereas women had a high prevalence of trying to lose weight irrespective of weight and HRQOL. Assessment of HRQOL, especially measures that evaluate physical domains, could provide subjective information to assist with weight counseling. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activit, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Grad Program Nutr & Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Khan, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activit, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ldk7@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 5 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD NOV PY 2006 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2042 EP 2053 DI 10.1038/oby.2006.239 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 212OG UT WOS:000249606100025 PM 17135622 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Stoll, BJ Curns, AT Yorita, KL Steiner, CA Schonberger, LB AF Holman, Robert C. Stoll, Barbara J. Curns, Aaron T. Yorita, Krista L. Steiner, Claudia A. Schonberger, Lawrence B. TI Necrotising enterocolitis hospitalisations among neonates in the United States SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE necrotising enterocolitis; hospital length of stay; mortality; ethnic group ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; INFANT-MORTALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The objective of this study was to estimate the rate and describe the epidemiology of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) among neonates (infants < 1 month of age) hospitalised in the United States. Hospital discharge records for neonates with an NEC diagnosis and an in-hospital death or routine discharge were selected for analysis from the 2000 Kids' Inpatient Database. An estimated 4463 (SE = 219) hospitalisations associated with NEC occurred among neonates in the United States during the year 2000, resulting in a hospitalisation rate of 109.9 [95% CI 97.2, 122.6] per 100 000 livebirths. The rate of NEC hospitalisations was highest among non-Hispanic Black neonates. The median hospital length of stay was 49 days. The in-hospital fatality rate was 15.2% (SE = 1.0%). Neonates who underwent a surgical procedure during hospitalisation were more likely to have a longer length of stay and to die than were those who did not have surgical intervention. Low-birthweight (LBW) neonates with NEC were more likely than LBW neonates hospitalised with other diagnoses to be very LBW (VLBW), non-Hispanic Black and male. In addition, compared with LBW neonates hospitalised with other diagnoses, LBW neonates with NEC had higher hospital charges and longer lengths of stay, and were more likely to die during hospitalisation. This study provides the first national estimate of the rate of hospitalisation for NEC among neonates in the United States. During 2000, there was one NEC hospitalisation per 1000 livebirths, with approximately 1 in 7 NEC hospitalisations ending in death. NEC accounts for substantial morbidity; thus, the development of prevention strategies and effective therapies continues to be an important issue. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatal Perinatal Med, Atlanta, GA USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Healthcare Cost & Utilizat Project, Ctr Delivery Org & Markets, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 132 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 20 IS 6 BP 498 EP 506 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00756.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 094NL UT WOS:000241246000007 PM 17052286 ER PT J AU Secor, WE AF Secor, W. E. TI Interactions between schistosomiasis and infection with HIV-1 SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE co-infection; HIV-1; schistosomiasis ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; MANSONI INFECTION; T-CELL; GRANULOMA-FORMATION; HELMINTH INFECTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTI-L3T4 ANTIBODY AB In many regions of the world, both schistosomiasis and HIV/AIDS are endemic, resulting in patients harbouring co-infections. Because interaction with host CD4(+) T cells is a characteristic of schistosome as well as HIV-1 infections, bi-directional disease effects may be sufficiently different from sequelae caused by either infectious agent alone to warrant alteration of public health approaches in areas of co-endemnicity. Studies published over the past decade provide useful insights into interactions between schistosomiasis and infection with HIV-1, and overall support the hypothesis that special emphasis on treatment of schistosomiasis in populations with elevated prevalence or risk of HIV-1 infection is justified. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-F13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM was4@cdc.gov NR 59 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 28 IS 11 BP 597 EP 603 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00887.x PG 7 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 094KY UT WOS:000241239500006 PM 17042931 ER PT J AU Michalski, M Rosenfield, C Erickson, M Selle, R Bates, K Essar, D Massung, R AF Michalski, M. Rosenfield, C. Erickson, M. Selle, R. Bates, K. Essar, D. Massung, R. TI Anaplasma phagocytophilum in central and western Wisconsin: a molecular survey SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; LYME-DISEASE; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; TICKS; STRAIN AB Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that is transmitted to humans through the bite of Ixodes spp. ticks, and causes a febrile disease known as human granulocytic anaplasmosis. The presence of A. phagocytophilum in Wisconsin white-tailed deer blood and in deer ticks was assessed using PCR and DNA sequencing. Sampling sites in the western part of the state (Buffalo County) and central region (Waushara, Waupaca, and Green Lake counties) were used. In Buffalo County, 5.6% of deer and 8.9% of ticks were infected. At Hartman Creek State Park (Waupaca County), 11.5% of ticks were infected, while the observed prevalence in deer from counties to the south of the park (Waushara and Green Lake) reached 19-26%. Based on 16S rRNA sequences, A. phagocytophilum strains associated and not associated with human infections were identified. Furthermore, two novel A. phagocytophilum variants were found in deer blood samples. Transmission of Lyme disease has been documented in both the Western and Central regions we sampled, and the presence of A. phagocytophilum in naturally occurring tick populations could present an additional risk of disease to humans that enter tick habitats. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. Winona State Univ, Dept Biol, Winona, MN 55987 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Michalski, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. EM michalsk@uwosh.edu NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 694 EP 699 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0217-9 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 089AT UT WOS:000240853000011 PM 16738890 ER PT J AU Staat, MA Cortese, MM Bresee, JS Begue, RE Vitek, C Rhodes, P Zhang, RP Gentsch, J Roberts, NE Jaeger, JL Ward, R Bernstein, DI Dennehy, PH AF Staat, Mary Allen Cortese, Margaret M. Bresee, Joseph S. Begue, Rodolfo E. Vitek, Charles Rhodes, Philip Zhang, Rongping Gentsch, Jon Roberts, Nancy E. Jaeger, Jenifer L. Ward, Richard Bernstein, David I. Dennehy, Penelope H. TI Rhesus rotavirus vaccine effectiveness and factors associated with receipt of vaccine SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 03-07, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Pediat Acad Soc DE rotavirus; vaccine effectiveness; RotaShield; acute gastroenteritis ID EFFICACY; CHILDREN; SAFETY; GASTROENTERITIS; PREVENTION; TRIAL AB Background: The rhesus rotavirus tetravalent vaccine (RotaShield) had an efficacy of 75%-100% in preventing severe rotavirus disease in prelicensure clinical trials. Before RotaShield's withdrawal because of reports of intussusception, there was an opportunity to evaluate the postlicensure effectiveness of the vaccine. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the RotaShield vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization and to evaluate factors associated with vaccine receipt. Methods: Rotavirus cases were identified through active hospital-based rotavirus surveillance at 3 children's hospitals in Cincinnati, New Orleans and Providence. Cases were selected if they had been eligible for vaccine during the 10-month period when vaccine was available. Controls were matched to cases by date and county or state of birth. Immunization records were obtained from cases and controls to document receipt of RotaShield. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated for 1, 2, and 3 doses of vaccine with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: For the 10-month period, 136 cases and 440 controls were enrolled. For 3 versus 0 doses of RotaShield, the VE was 100% (CI: 75%, 100%); for 2 versus 0 doses, the VE was 100% (CI: 62%, 100%), and for 1 versus 0 doses the VE was 89% (CI: 49%, 97%). RotaShield receipt was associated with white race, having more than I adult in the household. having insurance and having an older, more educated mother. Conclusions: This postlicensure study of RotaShield effectiveness found the vaccine to be highly effective in preventing rotavirus disease requiring hospitalization. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Childrens Hosp,Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Hasbro Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI USA. Brown Med Sch, Providence, RI USA. RP Staat, MA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Childrens Hosp,Coll Med, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM mary.staat@cchmc.org OI Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 FU PHS HHS [UR6/CCU61798-01] NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1013 EP 1018 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000243193.93355.e5 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 102AL UT WOS:000241783000005 PM 17072123 ER PT J AU Hayes, EB AF Hayes, Edward B. TI West Nile virus disease in children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE West Nile virus; arboviruses; flavivirus; encephalitis ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Act Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hayes, EB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Act Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1065 EP 1066 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000243324.14658.58 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 102AL UT WOS:000241783000013 PM 17072131 ER PT J AU McGeehan, J Annest, JL Vajani, M Bull, MJ Agran, PE Smith, GA AF McGeehan, Jennifer Annest, Joseph L. Vajani, Madhavi Bull, Marilyn J. Agran, Phyllis E. Smith, Gary A. TI School bus-related injuries among children and teenagers in the United States, 2001-2003 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE school bus; injury; traffic crash; transportation; trauma AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to describe the epidemiology of nonfatal school bus-related injuries among children and teenagers aged <= 19 years in the United States. DESIGN/METHODS. Nationally representative data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All-Injury Program operated by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission were analyzed. Case subjects included all of the patients in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All-Injury Program database who were treated in a hospital emergency department for a nonfatal school bus-related injury from 2001 to 2003. RESULTS. There were an estimated 51 100 school bus-related injuries treated in US emergency departments from 2001 to 2003, for a national estimate of 17 000 injuries ( rate: 21.0 per 100 000 population) annually. Ninety-seven percent of children were treated and released from the hospital. Children 10 to 14 years of age accounted for the greatest proportion of injuries (43.0%; rate: 34.7) compared with all other age groups. Motor vehicle crashes accounted for 42.3% of all injuries, followed by injuries that occurred as the child was boarding/ alighting/approaching the bus (23.8%). Head injuries accounted for more than half (52.1%) of all injuries among children < 10 years of age, whereas lower extremity injuries predominated among children 10 to 19 years of age (25.5%). Strains and sprains accounted for the highest percentage of all injuries, followed by contusions and abrasions (28.3%) and lacerations (14.9%). More than three quarters (77.7%) of lacerations were to the head. CONCLUSIONS. This is the first study to describe nonfatal school bus-related injuries to US children and teenagers treated in US hospital emergency departments using a national sample. This study identified a much greater annual number of school bus-related injuries to children than reported previously. C1 Childrens Hosp, Columbus Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Innovat Pediat Practice, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. Childrens Hosp, Columbus Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Riley Hosp Children, Sect Dev Pediat, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Trauma & Injury Prevent Res, Dept Emergency Med, Irvine, CA USA. RP McGeehan, J (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Columbus Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Innovat Pediat Practice, 700 Childrens Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. EM mcgeehaj@ccri.net NR 13 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2006 VL 118 IS 5 BP 1978 EP 1984 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1314 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 101HK UT WOS:000241731700021 PM 17079569 ER PT J AU Jackson, LA Neuzil, KM Baggs, J Davis, RL Black, S Yamasaki, KM Belongia, E Zangwill, KM Mullooly, J Nordin, J Marcy, SM DeStefano, F AF Jackson, Lisa A. Neuzil, Kathleen M. Baggs, James Davis, Robert L. Black, Steve Yamasaki, Kristi M. Belongia, Ed Zangwill, Kenneth M. Mullooly, John Nordin, James Marcy, S. Michael DeStefano, Frank TI Compliance with the recommendations for 2 doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in children less than 9 years of age receiving influenza vaccine for the first time: A vaccine safety datalink study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE influenza; influenza vaccine AB OBJECTIVES. Children < 9 years of age do not respond optimally to a first dose of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, and so 2 doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine are recommended for children < 9 years of age who are being vaccinated for the first time. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study to evaluate compliance with the 2-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine recommendations. POPULATION AND SETTING. We evaluated 125 928 children 6 months through 8 years of age who were enrolled in health maintenance organizations in the United States participating in the Vaccine Safety Datalink project and who received their first dose of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in the 2001-2002, 2002-2003, or 2003-2004 influenza seasons. RESULTS. Compliance with the 2 dose recommendations varied by age group and influenza season. Among children 6 to 23 months of age, the proportion of first-vaccinated children who received a second vaccination was 44% in 2001-2002, 54% in 2002-2003, and 29% in 2003-2004. Among children 2 to 8 years of age, the corresponding proportions were 15%, 24%, and 12%, respectively. In all seasons, compliance with the second vaccination was highest in children first vaccinated by mid-November. CONCLUSIONS. The majority of children who received their first dose of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine did not complete the 2-dose series. The recently expanded recommendation for universal vaccination of children 6 to 59 months of age and their household contacts will substantially increase the number of children targeted for a first influenza vaccination. Noncompliance with the 2-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine series may be associated with suboptimal protection against infection, which may impact the magnitude of the direct and indirect benefits achieved by the vaccination program. C1 Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Program Alternate Technol Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Clin Res Unit, Denver, CO USA. Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI USA. Harbor Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Hlth Partners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. So Calif Kaiser Permanente, Panorama City, CA USA. RP Jackson, LA (reprint author), 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM jackson.l@ghc.org OI Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 NR 19 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2006 VL 118 IS 5 BP 2032 EP 2037 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1422 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 101HK UT WOS:000241731700028 PM 17079576 ER PT J AU Li, GH Chen, LH Baker, SP AF Li, Guohua Chen, Li-Hui Baker, Susan P. TI Effects of graduated driver licensing on fatalities in 16-year-olds - In reply. SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Li, GH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2006 VL 118 IS 5 BP 2253 EP 2254 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2385 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 101HK UT WOS:000241731700056 ER PT J AU Jordan, AB Hersey, JC McDivitt, JA Heitzler, CD AF Jordan, Amy B. Hersey, James C. McDivitt, Judith A. Heitzler, Carrie D. TI Reducing children's television-viewing time: A qualitative study of parents and their children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children; media; television ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; MEDIA USE; ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY; PEDIATRICIANS; ACHIEVEMENT; CHILDHOOD; PRESCHOOL AB OBJECTIVES. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children over age 2 years spend <= 2 hours per day with screen media, because excessive viewing has been linked to a plethora of physical, academic, and behavioral problems. The primary goal of this study was to qualitatively explore how a recommendation to limit television viewing might be received and responded to by a diverse sample of parents and their school-age children. METHODS. The study collected background data about media use, gathered a household media inventory, and conducted in-depth individual and small group interviews with 180 parents and children ages 6 to 13 years old. RESULTS. Most of the children reported spending similar to 3 hours per day watching television. The average home in this sample had 4 television sets; nearly two thirds had a television in the child's bedroom, and nearly half had a television set in the kitchen or dining room. Although virtually all of the parents reported having guidelines for children's television viewing, few had rules restricting the time children spend watching television. Data from this exploratory study suggest several potential barriers to implementing a 2-hour limit, including: parents' need to use television as a safe and affordable distraction, parents' own heavy television viewing patterns, the role that television plays in the family's day-to-day routine, and a belief that children should spend their weekend leisure time as they wish. Interviews revealed that for many of these families there is a lack of concern that television viewing is a problem for their child, and there remains confusion about the boundaries of the recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics. CONCLUSIONS. Parents in this study expressed interest in taking steps toward reducing children's television time but also uncertainty about how to go about doing so. Results suggest possible strategies to reduce the amount of time children spend in front of the screen. C1 Annenberg Publ Policy Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jordan, AB (reprint author), Annenberg Publ Policy Ctr, 3620 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM ajordan@asc.upenn.edu FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-8046] NR 39 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2006 VL 118 IS 5 BP E1303 EP E1310 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0732 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 101HK UT WOS:000241731700081 PM 17079531 ER PT J AU Li, CY Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Cook, S AF Li, Chaoyang Ford, Earl S. Mokdad, Ali H. Cook, Stephen TI Recent trends in waist circumference and waist-height ratio among US children and adolescents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE waist circumference; waist-to-height ratio; abdominal obesity; trends ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; BRITISH CHILDREN; FAT DISTRIBUTION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; UNITED-STATES; HIP RATIO AB OBJECTIVES. Abdominal obesity may be a better predictor than overall obesity for the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Waist circumference and waist-height ratio are 2 simple, yet effective, surrogate measures of abdominal obesity. We sought to examine the recent trends in mean waist circumference and waistheight ratio and prevalence of abdominal obesity among children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years in the United States. METHODS. Representative samples of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted during 4 time periods, 1988-1994 (ie, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III), 1999-2000, 2001-2002, and 2003-2004, were examined to estimate the mean waist circumference and waist-height ratio of boys and girls in 4 different age groups. Data from the 3 most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were combined to establish a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 category. RESULTS. Categorized by age group, the unadjusted mean waist circumference for boys increased between National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 from 50.7 cm (aged 2-5 years), 61.9 cm (aged 6-11 years), 76.8 cm (aged 12-17 years), and 81.3 cm (aged 18-19 years) to 51.9, 64.5, 79.8, and 86.6 cm, respectively. During the same time periods and within the same age groups, the unadjusted mean waist circumference for girls increased from 51.0, 61.7, 75.0, and 77.7 cm to 51.8, 64.7, 78.9, and 83.9 cm, respectively. The relative change in waist-height ratio was similar to waist circumference at each age group for both boys and girls. Using the 90th percentile values of waist circumference for gender and age, the prevalence of abdominal obesity increased by 65.4% (from 10.5% to 17.4%) and 69.4% (from 10.5% to 17.8%) for boys and girls, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. Mean waist circumference and waist-height ratio and the prevalence of abdominal obesity among US children and adolescents greatly increased between 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cli@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 159 Z9 172 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2006 VL 118 IS 5 BP E1390 EP E1398 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1062 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 101HK UT WOS:000241731700091 PM 17079540 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ Kennedy, AM Wooten, K Gust, DA Pickering, LK AF Smith, Philip J. Kennedy, Allison M. Wooten, Karen Gust, Deborah A. Pickering, Larry K. TI Association between health care providers' influence on parents who have concerns about vaccine safety and vaccination coverage SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE parental concerns; trust; vaccination coverage; vaccine safety ID PREVENTIVE SERVICES; IMMUNIZATION; ATTITUDES; CHILDREN; TRUST; EXEMPTIONS; BELIEFS; FAMILY AB OBJECTIVES. Parents who have concerns about vaccine safety may be reluctant to have their children vaccinated. The purpose of this study was to explore how vaccination coverage among children 19 to 35 months of age is associated with health care providers' influence on parents' decision to vaccinate their children, and with parents' beliefs about vaccine safety. METHODS. Parents of 7695 children 19 to 35 months of age sampled by the National Immunization Survey were administered the National Immunization Survey Parental Knowledge Module between the third quarter of 2001 and the fourth quarter of 2002. Health care providers were defined as a physician, nurse, or any other type of health care professional. Parents provided responses that summarized the degree to which they believed vaccines were safe, and the influence providers had on their decisions to vaccinate their children. Children were determined to be up-to-date if their vaccination providers reported administering >= 4 doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine, >= 3 doses of polio vaccine, >= 1 dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, >= 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, and >= 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. RESULTS. Of all of the parents, 5.7% thought that vaccines were not safe, and 21.5% said that their decision to vaccinate their children was not influenced by a health care provider. Compared with parents who responded that providers were not influential in their decision to vaccinate their children, parents who responded that providers were influential were twice as likely to respond that vaccines were safe for children. Among children whose parents believed that vaccines were not safe, those whose parents' decision to vaccinate was influenced by a health care provider had an estimated vaccination coverage rate that was significantly higher than the estimated coverage rate among children whose parents' decision was not influenced by a health care provider (74.4% vs 50.3%; estimated difference: 24.1%). \ CONCLUSIONS. Health care providers have a positive influence on parents to vaccinate their children, including parents who believe that vaccinations are unsafe. Physicians, nurses, and other health care professionals should increase their efforts to build honest and respectful relationships with parents, especially when parents express concerns about vaccine safety or have misconceptions about the benefits and risks of vaccinations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pzs6@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2006 VL 118 IS 5 BP E1287 EP E1292 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0923 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 101HK UT WOS:000241731700079 PM 17079529 ER PT J AU Abroms, L Maibach, E Lyon-Daniel, K Feldman, SR AF Abroms, Lorien Maibach, Edward Lyon-Daniel, Katherine Feldman, Steven R. TI What is the best approach to reducing birth defects associated with isotretinoin? SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RISK-MANAGEMENT PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; ACNE; SUICIDE; DEPRESSION; MEDICATION; ACCUTANE; THERAPY; TRENDS; SMART C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Prevent & Community Hlth, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dermatol Res, Dept Dermatol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dermatol Res, Dept Pathol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dermatol Res, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Abroms, L (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Prevent & Community Hlth, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM lorien@gwu.edu; emaibach@gwu.edu; kdl8@cdc.gov; sfeldman@wfubmc.edu OI Feldman, Steven/0000-0002-0090-6289; Maibach, Edward/0000-0003-3409-9187 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 3 IS 11 BP 1978 EP 1983 AR e483 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030483 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 110JO UT WOS:000242374800002 PM 17121451 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Gift, TL Pulver, ALS AF Chesson, Harrell W. Gift, Thomas L. Pulver, Amy L. S. TI The economic value of reductions in gonorrhea and syphilis incidence in the United States, 1990-2003 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE gonorrhea; syphilis; syphilis; congenital; HIV; prevention and control; cost of illness ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; AMERICAN YOUTH; COST; HIV; PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR; RISK; AIDS; RATES AB Background. Prevention efforts can reduce the considerable health and economic burdens imposed by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The objective of this study was to estimate the reduction in direct medical costs associated with reductions in gonorrhea and syphilis incidence in the United States from 1990 to 2003. Methods. Using published estimates of the per-case costs of STDs, we estimated the annual costs from 1990 to 2003 of four main outcomes: primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis, congenital syphilis, gonorrhea, and HIV costs attributable to the facilitative effects of gonorrhea and syphilis on HIV transmission and acquisition. Results. Reductions in syphilis and gonorrhea from 1990 to 2003 have saved an estimated $5.0 billion (in 2003 U.S. dollars): $1.1 billion in costs associated with P&S syphilis, congenital syphilis, and gonorrhea, and $3.9 billion in HIV costs attributable to syphilis and gonorrhea. In additional analyses, the estimated reductions in disease burden were substantially lower (1) when calculated incrementally (rather than cumulatively) and (2) when long-term costs of STDs were excluded. Conclusions. These estimated reductions in the burden of gonorrhea and syphilis show the economic benefits of reducing the incidence of these STDs and preventing their resurgence. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, CDC Mailstop E-80,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hbc7@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 411 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.06.013 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 109LH UT WOS:000242309100012 PM 16901533 ER PT J AU Kitt, MM Khalid, G Rahimi, S McCarthy, BJ AF Kitt, Margaret M. Khalid, Gulmakai Rahimi, Shakira McCarthy, Brian J. TI An occupational health services initiative at a women's hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B INFECTION AB This article describes the process of developing targeted occupational health services for the health care workers in a women's hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan, as part of a larger project to establish an obstetrics and gynecology residency training program at the facility. The goal was to create a feasible and sustainable program to: (1) address basic health care needs impacting the ability of these Afghan health care workers to optimize learning opportunities; (2) decrease absenteeism due to illness; (3) decrease the likelihood of infectious disease transmission among staff, from staff to patients, and from patients to staff; (4) foster belief that a healthy and safe working environment is a basic right; (5) begin to collect preliminary health status indicators on health care workers in this employee population; and (6) serve as an adaptable program to expand to other Afghan health care workers. C1 WHO, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Collaborat Ctr Reprod Hlth,Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. WHO, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Kitt, MM (reprint author), WHO, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Collaborat Ctr Reprod Hlth,Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop K-20,2900 Woodcock Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ajy8@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 121 IS 6 BP 650 EP 657 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 094PD UT WOS:000241250500004 PM 17278399 ER PT J AU Begier, EM Backer, LC Weisman, RS Hammond, RM Fleming, LE Blythe, D AF Begier, Elizabeth M. Backer, Lorraine C. Weisman, Richard S. Hammond, Roberta M. Fleming, Lora E. Blythe, Donna TI Outbreak bias in illness reporting and case confirmation in ciguatera fish poisoning surveillance in south Florida SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MANNITOL; DISEASE AB Objective. Ciguatera fish poisoning is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by eating coral reef fish contaminated with ciguatoxins and is the most common marine poisoning. However, existing surveillance systems capture few cases. To improve regional ciguatera surveillance in South Florida, this study compared ciguatera illnesses in the Florida Poison Information Center-Miami (FPICM) call database to ciguatera cases in the Florida Department of Health (FDOH) disease surveillance systems. Methods. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify predictors of when FPICM reported ciguatera illnesses to FDOH and whether FDOH confirmed reported ciguatera cases. Results. FPICM staff preferentially reported ciguatera illnesses that were of shorter duration (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.84 per additional illness day; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74, 0.97); outbreak-associated (AOR=7.0; 95% Cl 2.5, 19.5); and clinically more severe (AOR=21.6; 95% Cl 2.3, 198.5). Among ciguatera illnesses reported to FDOH, outbreak-associated illnesses were more likely than single, sporadic illnesses to become confirmed surveillance cases (crude OR= 11.1; 95% Cl 2.0, 62.5). Conclusions. The over-representation of outbreak-associated ciguatera cases underestimates the true contribution of sporadic illnesses to ciguatera disease burden. This bias should be considered when evaluating surveillance systems that include both outbreak-associated and sporadic illness reports. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Med Residency Program, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Poison Informat Ctr, Miami, FL USA. Bur Environm Epidemiol, Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Univ Miami, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Begier, EM (reprint author), Bur HIV AIDS Prevent & Control, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 40 Worth St,Rm 1502, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM ebegier@health.nyc.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES05705] NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 121 IS 6 BP 658 EP 665 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 094PD UT WOS:000241250500005 PM 17278400 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Curns, AT Singleton, RJ Sejvar, J Butler, JC Paisano, EL Schonberger, LB Cheek, JE AF Holman, Robert C. Curns, Aaron T. Singleton, Rosalyn J. Sejvar, James J. Butler, Jay C. Paisano, Edna L. Schonberger, Lawrence B. Cheek, James E. TI Infectious disease hospitalizations among older American Indian and Alaska native adults SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; TRENDS; PREVENTION; POPULATION; MORTALITY; OUTBREAK; INFANTS AB Objectives. American Indians and Alaska Natives (AVAN) adults >= 65 years of age (older adults) have the second highest age group-specific infectious disease (ID) hospitalization rate. To assess morbidity and disparities of IDs for older AVAN adults, this study examined the epidemiology of overall and specific infectious disease hospitalizations among older AI/AN adults. Methods. ID hospitalization data for older AI/AN adults were analyzed by using Indian Health Service hospital discharge data for 1990 through 2002 and comparing it with published findings for the general U.S. population of older adults. Results. ID hospitalizations accounted for 23% of all hospitalizations among older AVAN adults. The average annual ID hospitalization rate increased 5% for 1990-1992 to 2000-2002; however, the rate increased more than 20% in the Alaska and the Southwest regions. The rate for older AVAN adults living in the Southwest region was greater than that for the older U.S. adult population. For 2000-2002, lower respiratory tract infections accounted for almost half of all ID hospitalizations followed by kidney, urinary tract, and bladder infections, and cellulitis. Conclusions. The ID hospitalization rate increased among older AVAN adults living in the Southwest and Alaska regions, and the rate for the older AL/AN adults living in the Southwest region was higher than that for the U.S. general population. Prevention measures should focus on ways to reduce ID hospitalizations among older AVAN adults, particularly those living in the Southwest and Alaska regions. C1 CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, USDHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. CDC, Arctic Invest Program, NCID, USDHHS, Anchorage, AK USA. USDHHS, IHS, Off Publ Hlth Support, Div Program Stat, Rockville, MD USA. USDHHS, IHS, Off Publ Hlth Support, Div Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, USDHHS, MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 121 IS 6 BP 674 EP 683 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 094PD UT WOS:000241250500007 PM 17278402 ER PT J AU Gazmararian, JA Orenstein, WA Wortley, P Buehler, JW Elon, L Koplan, JP Schild, L Dixon, T Weiss, P Stephens, DS AF Gazmararian, Julie A. Orenstein, Walter A. Wortley, Pascale Buehler, James W. Elon, Lisa Koplan, Jeffrey P. Schild, Laura Dixon, Tonya Weiss, Paul Stephens, David S. CA State Working Grp TI Preventing influenza: Vaccine systems and practices in the southeast SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine from state and local health departments: (1) how they purchase, distribute, and fund influenza vaccine; (2) whether they experienced a shortage in 2003/04; (3) how the shortages were handled; and (4) how they prepared for distribution in 2004/05. Methods. A web-based survey was completed from June to August 2004 in eight Southeastern states. Results. Data were obtained from each state and 222 local health departments. Major differences between and within states were found with regard to purchasing, distributing, and funding influenza vaccine. Although the majority of health departments experienced periods of shortages in 2003/2004, surpluses of vaccine remained at the end of the season. There was little evidence of interaction between the public and private sectors to share vaccine resources in response to shortages. Tracking systems for redistribution of vaccine or follow-up were often not in place. Entering the 2004/05 season, 25% of states and 11% of counties were not developing any special procedures to deal with shortages beyond what was in place earlier. Conclusions. Better systems and funding are needed, especially for adult influenza vaccine delivery and for redistribution of influenza vaccine in response to shortages. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Qual, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Redpirat Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gazmararian, JA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Qual, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jagazma@sph.emory.edu RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012; Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 121 IS 6 BP 684 EP 694 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 094PD UT WOS:000241250500008 PM 17278403 ER PT J AU Seguy, N Hladik, W Munyisia, E Bolu, O Marum, LH Diaz, T AF Seguy, Nicole Hladik, Wolfgang Munyisia, Esther Bolu, Omotayo Marum, Larry H. Diaz, Theresa TI Can data from programs for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV be used for HIV surveillance in Kenya? SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID WOMEN; INFECTION AB Objective. In Africa, HIV surveillance is conducted among antenatal clinic (ANC) attendees using unlinked-anonymous testing (UAT). In Kenya, the utility of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program data for HIV surveillance was evaluated. Methods. UAT and PMTCT data were compared at the same clinics and for the same time (2003 UAT survey) period. The HIV testing uptake for PMTCT was defined as the number of ANC attendees tested for HIV out of those who had their first ANC visit during the ANC surveillance period. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine associations between demographic characteristics and HIV testing acceptance. Results. Of 39 ANC-UAT sites, six had PMTCT data. PMTCT data were recorded across several logbooks with varying quality. For PMTCT, 2,239 women were offered HIV testing and 1,258 (56%) accepted; for UAT, 1,852 women were sampled. Median UAT-based HIV prevalence was 12.8% (range, 8.1%-26.3%) compared with 14.4% (range, 7.0%-27.2%) in PMTCT HIV testing acceptance for PMTCT ranged from 48% to 69% across clinics, and was more likely among primigravidae than multigravidae. Conclusion. Because of varying PMTCT data quality and varying HIV testing acceptance for PMTCT, PMTCT-based HIV prevalence estimates cannot currently replace UAT-based estimates in Kenya. C1 CDC, Global Programme AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl AIDS & STI Control Program, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Diaz, T (reprint author), CDC, Global Programme AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS E-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM txd1@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 121 IS 6 BP 695 EP 702 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 094PD UT WOS:000241250500009 PM 17278404 ER PT J AU Ulsh, BA AF Ulsh, Brant A. TI Comments on "protracted radiation exposure and cancer mortality in the Techa River cohort" by Krestinina et al. (Radiat. Res. 164, 602-611, 2005) SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Off Compensat Anal & Support, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ulsh, BA (reprint author), NIOSH, Off Compensat Anal & Support, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 EI 1938-5404 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 166 IS 5 BP 814 EP 814 DI 10.1667/RR0526.1 PG 1 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 099UM UT WOS:000241621700012 PM 17067206 ER PT J AU Smith, NM Lee, R Heitkemper, DT Cafferky, KD Haque, A Henderson, AK AF Smith, Nicole M. Lee, Robin Heitkemper, Douglas T. Cafferky, Katie DeNicola Haque, Abidul Henderson, Alden K. TI Inorganic arsenic in cooked rice and vegetables from Bangladeshi households SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bangladesh; arsenite; arsenate; dimethylarsinic acid; food; average daily intake ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; WEST-BENGAL; DRINKING-WATER; FOOD COMPOSITES; AFFECTED AREA; INDIA; CONTAMINATION; SPECIATION AB Many Bangladeshi suffer from arsenic-related health concerns. Most mitigation activities focus on identifying contaminated wells and reducing the amount of arsenic ingested from well water. Food as a source of arsenic exposure has been recently documented. The objectives of this study were to measure the main types of arsenic in commonly consumed foods in Bangladesh and estimate the average daily intake (ADI) of arsenic from food and water. Total, organic and inorganic, arsenic were measured in drinking water and in cooked rice and vegetables from Bangladeshi households. The mean total arsenic level in 46 rice samples was 358 mu g/kg (range: 46 to 1110 mu g/kg dry weight) and 333 mu g/kg (range: 19 to 2334 mu g/kg dry weight) in 39 vegetable samples. Inorganic arsenic calculated as arsenite and arsenate made up 87% of the total arsenic measured in rice, and 96% of the total arsenic in vegetables. Total arsenic in water ranged from 200 to 500 mu g/L. Using individual, self-reported data on daily consumption of rice and drinking water the total arsenic ADI was 1176 mu g (range: 419 to 2053 mu g), 14% attributable to inorganic arsenic in cooked rice. The ADI is a conservative estimate; vegetable arsenic was not included due to limitations in self-reported daily consumption amounts. Given the arsenic levels measured in food and water and consumption of these items, cooked rice and vegetables are a substantial exposure pathway for inorganic arsenic. Intervention strategies must consider all sources of dietary arsenic intake. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Forens Chem Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Prevent & Social Med, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. RP Henderson, AK (reprint author), Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AHenderson@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 370 IS 2-3 BP 294 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.010 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100FH UT WOS:000241653000003 PM 16875714 ER PT J AU Tao, GY Irwin, KL AF Tao, Guoyu Irwin, Kathleen L. TI Gonorrhea prevention and clinical care in the private sector: Lessons learned and priorities for quality improvement SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Review ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; URBAN EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; MEDICAID MANAGED CARE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; HEALTH-CARE; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES AB We reviewed literature on gonorrhea prevention and clinical care in the private sector, the setting where most gonorrhea cases in the United States are now diagnosed. Although most private-sector health settings had a low prevalence of gonorrhea (0.1-2.5%), some private emergency departments and specialty clinics that serve a large number of high-risk or infected patients had prevalences ranged from 1.7% to 11.0%. Studies of diverse settings and populations suggest that, in general, diagnostic testing of symptomatic patients (69-83%), appropriate treatment (61-100%), and case reporting (64-94%) are delivered more commonly than risk assessment for asymptomatic patients (15-28%), routine screening of pregnant women (31-77%), risk-reduction counseling (35-78%), and sex partner management (0-82%). To sustain the recent declines in gonorrhea incidence in the United States, private-sector providers and health systems must continue to offer gonorrhea prevention and clinical services and consider implementing interventions to improve delivery of risk assessment, risk-reduction counseling, and partner management services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tao, GY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gat3@cdc.gov NR 110 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 BP 652 EP 662 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000216030.65618.0e PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 099JF UT WOS:000241589300003 PM 16645553 ER PT J AU Grimley, DM Annang, L Lewis, I Smith, W Aban, I Hooks, T Williams, S Hook, EW St Lawrence, J AF Grimley, Diane M. Annang, Lucy Lewis, Ivey Smith, William Aban, Immaculada Hooks, Terry Williams, Samantha Hook, Edward W., III St. Lawrence, Janet TI Sexually transmitted infections among urban shelter clients SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; URINE; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE; SPECIMENS; HEPATITIS; SETTINGS; HEALTH; YOUTH; FIELD AB Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain common in the United States. One contributor to this persistent problem is pockets of infection among persons who may not have regular access to health care, a group that includes those who seek services at shelters. Objective: The goals of the study were to: 1) determine the acceptability of STI testing among individuals seeking services at shelters in 2 midsized southeastern cities; 2) evaluate the prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV among these individuals; and 3) assess the proportion that subsequently learned their test results and received timely and appropriate treatment if warranted. Study Design: Using a cross-sectional design, 430 individuals between the ages of 19 and 45 seen at 3 shelters in 2 cities were approached for participation. After completing a brief behavioral assessment, each participant provided a urine specimen for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) testing, blood for syphilis serologic testing, and an oral sample for HIV testing. Results: The overall recruitment rate was 97% (96% in city A and 98% in city B). Seventy-eight percent were black with a mean age of 35.1 years. STI prevalence among those reporting sexual activity in the past 2 months was 12.9% in city A and 19.9% in city B (P = 0.04). The rate of CT in city B was significantly higher than city A (15.0% vs. 6.4%, P = 0.02); however, similar rates were found for GC (5.0% vs. 3.2%), primary and secondary syphilis (0.08% vs. 1.4%), and HIV (0.07% vs. 0.06%). Overall, 91.5% of the positive cases (89.0% in city A and 94.0% in city B) learned their test results and were successfully treated. Conclusion: We found that shelter clients were receptive to STI testing, even for HIV, with most positive cases notified and successfully treated. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Hlth Behav, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis & Control, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Grimley, DM (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Hlth Behav, Sch Publ Hlth, RPHB 227,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM dgrimley@uab.edu NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 BP 666 EP 669 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000223285.18331.4d PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 099JF UT WOS:000241589300005 PM 16773034 ER PT J AU Trepka, MJ Bloom, SA Zhang, GY Kim, S Nobles, RE AF Trepka, Mary Jo Bloom, Sharon A. Zhang, Guoyan Kim, Sunny Nobles, Robert E. TI Inadequate syphilis screening among women with prenatal care in a community with a high syphilis incidence SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; PREVENTION; SURVEILLANCE; INFANTS; TEXAS; OPPORTUNITIES; PREGNANCY AB Objectives and Goal: This study was designed to evaluate the extent to which pregnant women in a community with a high syphilis incidence were screened for syphilis according to standard recommendations of twice during prenatal care and at labor and delivery. Study Design: Labor and delivery records from 4 hospitals in Miami-Dade County, Florida, were abstracted to obtain maternal and prenatal care characteristics and syphilis screening practices. Results: Of the 1991 women, records indicated that 1655 (83%) were screened at least once during prenatal care, 220 (11%) were screened twice during prenatal care before delivery, and 184 (9%) were screened twice during prenatal care and at delivery. Attending a private clinic, having more than adequate prenatal care and having private insurance were associated with not being screened at least twice before delivery. Conclusions: Few women were screened according to standard recommendations, and provider or institutional-related factors affected adequacy of screening. C1 Florida Int Univ, Robert R Stempel Sch Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Off Epidemiol & Dis Control, Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Miami, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Trepka, MJ (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Robert R Stempel Sch Publ Hlth, HLSII 595,11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM trepkam@fiu.edu NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 BP 670 EP 674 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000216032.52731.ea PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 099JF UT WOS:000241589300006 PM 16641827 ER PT J AU Beltrami, J Berman, S AF Beltrami, John Berman, Stuart TI Congenital syphilis: A persisting sentinel public health event SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; PREVENTION; OPPORTUNITIES; GYNECOLOGISTS; PHYSICIANS; CARE C1 CDC, Div STD Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beltrami, J (reprint author), CDC, Div STD Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hzb3@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 BP 675 EP 676 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000225324.66955.61 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 099JF UT WOS:000241589300007 PM 16794558 ER PT J AU Nakata, A Ikeda, T Takahashi, M Haratani, T Hojou, M Fujioka, Y Araki, S AF Nakata, Akinori Ikeda, Tomoko Takahashi, Masaya Haratani, Takashi Hojou, Minoru Fujioka, Yosei Araki, Shunichi TI Non-fatal occupational injury among active and passive smokers in small- and medium-scale manufacturing enterprises in Japan SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE smoking; passive smoking; occupational injury; manufacturing; small- and medium-scale enterprises; Japan ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS; SLEEP DISTURBANCE; RISK-FACTORS; WORKERS; INSOMNIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; METAANALYSIS; POPULATION AB Active smoking is a risk factor for occupational injury, whereas its association with passive smoking is unknown. To evaluate the contribution of active and passive smoking to non-fatal occupational injury in manufacturing sectors, 2302 randomly selected workers aged 16-83 years working in 244 small- and medium-scale enterprises in Yashio city, Japan, were surveyed by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Smoking history, exposure to passive smoking, and occupational injury were evaluated by self-report. Exposure levels to passive smoking were assessed separately at work and at home as never, occasional, or regular exposure. Overall, 61.4% of men and 22.3% of women were current smokers. Among never smokers, 62.2% of men and 68.6% of women reported exposure to passive smoking either at work or home. Prevalence of occupational injuries was 36.2% for never, 43.3% for former, and 41.2% for current smokers among men and 19.7% for never, 22.2% for former, and 25.2% for current smokers among women. Among never smoking men, odds ratios (ORs) of occupational injury were 2.11 when regularly exposed to passive smoking at work or at home (p = 0.025), 2.27 at work (p = 0.015), and 3.08 at home (p = 0.106), in comparison to never smoking men who were never exposed to passive smoking either at work or at home (referent group). These associations were attenuated to be non-significant, after controlling for potential confounders. Never smoking men with occasional exposure to passive smoking were not significant ORs (1.11-1.19). In contrast, current and former smoking men had significant increases in adjusted ORs (1.57-2.00). In women exposed to smoking there was a non-significant increase in occupational injury. The present study indicates an expected increase in the risk of, occupational injury for current and former smoking men and suggests that exposure to passive smoking is a possible risk factor for never smoking men. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ibaraki Prefectural Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan. EM nakataa-tky@umin.ac.jp; ikedat@ipu.ac.jp; takaham@h.jniosh.go.jp; haratani@h.jniosh.go.jp; hojoh@big.or.jp; yosei@guri-gura.com; araki@h.jniosh.go.jp RI Nakata, Akinori/A-2399-2008 NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 63 IS 9 BP 2452 EP 2463 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.06.009 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 101ZR UT WOS:000241780900018 PM 16867309 ER PT J AU Luebke, RW Holsapple, MP Ladics, GS Luster, MI Selgrade, M Smialowicz, RJ Woolhiser, MR Germolec, DR AF Luebke, Robert W. Holsapple, Michael P. Ladics, Gregory S. Luster, Michael I. Selgrade, MaryJane Smialowicz, Ralph J. Woolhiser, Michael R. Germolec, Dori R. TI Immunotoxicogenomics: The potential of genomics technology in the immunotoxicity risk assessment process SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE immunotoxicogenomics; EPA; immunotoxicity; microarray analysis; risk assessment ID GENE; TOXICOGENOMICS; MICROARRAY; ALLERGEN AB Evaluation of xenobiotic-induced changes in gene expression as a method to identify and classify potential toxicants is being pursued by industry and regulatory agencies worldwide. A workshop was held at the Research Triangle Park campus of the Environmental Protection Agency to discuss the current state-of-the-science of "immunotoxicogenomics" and to explore the potential role of genomics techniques for immunotoxicity testing. The genesis of the workshop was the current lack of widely accepted triggering criteria for Tier 1 immunotoxicity testing in the context of routine toxicity testing data, the realization that traditional screening methods would require an inordinate number of animals and are inadequate to handle the number of chemicals that may need to be screened (e.g., high production volume compounds) and the absence of an organized effort to address the state-of-the-science of toxicogenomics in the identification of immunotoxic compounds. The major focus of the meeting was on the theoretical and practical utility of genomics techniques to (1) replace or supplement current immunotoxicity screening procedures, (2) provide insight into potential modes or mechanisms of action, and (3) provide data suitable for immunotoxicity hazard identification or risk assessment. The latter goal is of considerable interest to a variety of stakeholders as a means to reduce animal use and to decrease the cost of conducting and interpreting standard toxicity tests. A number of data gaps were identified that included a lack of dose response and kinetic data for known immunotoxic compounds and a general lack of data correlating genomic alterations to functional changes observed in vivo. Participants concluded that a genomics approach to screen chemicals for immunotoxic potential or to generate data useful to risk assessors holds promise but that routine use of these methods is years in the future. However, recent progress in molecular immunology has made mode and mechanism of action studies much more practical. Furthermore, a variety of published immunotoxicity studies suggest that microarray analysis is already a practical means to explore pathway-level changes that lead to altered immune function. To help move the science of immunotoxicogenomics forward, a partnership of industry, academia, and government was suggested to address data gaps, validation, quality assurance, and protocol development. C1 US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Hlth Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Crop Genet, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM luebke.robert@epamail.epa.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 20 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl074 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 092KL UT WOS:000241095300003 PM 16882865 ER PT J AU Roney, N Osier, M Paikoff, SJ Smith, CV Williams, M De Rosa, CT AF Roney, Nickolette Osier, Mark Paikoff, Sari J. Smith, Cassandra V. Williams, Malcolm De Rosa, Christopher T. TI ATSDR evaluation of the health effects of zinc and relevance to public health SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review ID INDUCED COPPER DEFICIENCY; BORDER MEMBRANE-VESICLES; EXCESS DIETARY ZINC; DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL; POLYAMINCARBOXYLIC ACIDS CDTA; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LEUKOCYTES; ORALLY-ADMINISTERED ZINC; LONG-CONTINUED INGESTION; RICH INTESTINAL PROTEIN; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS AB As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites, which have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarise toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of portions of the Toxicological Profile for Zinc. The primary purpose of this article is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective on the toxicology of zinc. It contains descriptions and evaluations of toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations, and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance of toxicity and toxicokinetic data to public health. C1 US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Roney, N (reprint author), US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 342 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 10 BP 423 EP 493 DI 10.1177/0748233706074173 PG 71 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163XW UT WOS:000246197600002 PM 17533814 ER PT J AU Lindblade, KA Mwololo, K van Eijk, AM Peterson, E Odhiambo, F Williamson, J Slutsker, L AF Lindblade, Kim A. Mwololo, Kumbu van Eijk, Anna M. Peterson, Elizabeth Odhiambo, Frank Williamson, John Slutsker, Laurence TI Evaluation of the WHO Haemoglobin Colour Scale for diagnosis of anaemia in children and pregnant women as used by primary health care nurses and community health workers in western Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE anaemia; Haemoglobin Colour Scale; sensitivity and specificity; children; pregnant women; community health workers ID TREATED BED NETS; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CLINICAL SIGNS; MORTALITY; PERFORMANCE; TRIAL AB Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the WHO Haemoglobin Colour Scale (HCS) for anaemia in three groups of children aged 2 months to 2 years (sick children, those visiting an immunization clinic and a community-based random sample of children) and a sample of pregnant women. Methods Finger-prick blood samples were taken from all consenting participants. Haemoglobin (Hb) levels from the HCS were compared with results from a HemoCue(TM) portable haemoglobinometer. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for the HCS were calculated. Results A total of 457 sick children, 336 children visiting immunization clinics, 454 children from the community at large and 643 pregnant women participated. The prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11 g/dl) in these groups was 87%, 79%, 74% and 52%, respectively. The prevalence of severe anaemia (Hb < 7 g/dl) was 24%, 11%, 10% and 2%, respectively. The sensitivity of the HCS for anaemia ranged from 60% to 79% and specificity from 59% to 94%. The sensitivity of the HCS for severe anaemia ranged from 24% to 63% and the specificity from 97% to 100%. Through use of the HCS, the proportion of sick, anaemic children visiting peripheral health facilities diagnosed and treated for anaemia would increase from 3% to 65%. Conclusions In an area with high prevalence of anaemia among sick children, use of the HCS has the potential to significantly increase the proportion of sick, anaemic children who are diagnosed with anaemia and given appropriate treatment. Further evaluations of the effect of the use of the HCS on treatment practices at the health facility level are required. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Training Coll Siaya Branch, Siaya, Kenya. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Lindblade, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Reg Off Cent Amer & Paname, AE Guatemeala Unit 3321, APO, AA 34024 USA. EM kil2@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1679 EP 1687 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01721.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 096WL UT WOS:000241407400007 PM 17054747 ER PT J AU Nurmagambetov, T Atherly, A Williams, S Redd, S AF Nurmagambetov, T. Atherly, A. Williams, S. Redd, S. TI Health plan structure and expenditures for asthma care SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 9 IS 6 BP A335 EP A335 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)63612-1 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 090AC UT WOS:000240922000465 ER PT J AU Mpanju, OM Towner, JS Dover, JE Nichol, ST Wilson, CA AF Mpanju, Onesmo M. Towner, Jonathan S. Dover, Jason E. Nichol, Stuart T. Wilson, Carolyn A. TI Identitication of two amino acid residues on Ebola virus glycoprotein 1 critical for cell entry SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE filovirus; ebolavirus; glycoprotein; viral entry; mutagenesis ID FOLATE RECEPTOR-ALPHA; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; PRIMATES; VACCINE; MURINE; SYSTEM AB Using site-directed mutagenesis and retroviral vector pseudotyping of the wild type or mutated glycoprotein of Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), we analyzed 15 conserved residues in the N-terminus of the filovirus glycoprotein 1 (GP1) in order to identify residues critical for cell entry. Results from infectivity assays and Western blot analyses identified two phenylalanine residues at positions 88 and 159 that appear to be critical for ZEBOV entry in vitro. We extended this observation by introduction of alanines at either position 88 or 159 of Ivory Coast Ebolavirus (CIEBOV) and observed the same phenotype. Further, we showed that introduction of each of the two mutations in a recombinant full-length clone of ZEBOV (Mayinga strain) that also carried the coding sequence for GFP could not be rescued, suggesting the mutants rendered the virus non-infectious. The two phenylalanines that are critical for both ZEBOV and CIEBOV entry are found in two linear domains of GP1 that are highly conserved among filoviruses, and thus could provide a target for rational development of broadly cross-protective vaccines or antiviral therapies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Cellular Tissue & Gene Therapies, Gene Transfer & Immunogenic Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Wilson, CA (reprint author), Bldg 29B,Rm 2NN12,HFM-725,8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM carolyn.wilson@fda.hhs.gov NR 29 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 121 IS 2 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.06.002 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 100CI UT WOS:000241644400012 PM 16839637 ER PT J AU Chevarley, FM Thierry, JM Gill, CJ Ryerson, AB Nosek, MA AF Chevarley, Frances M. Thierry, JoAnn M. Gill, Carol J. Ryerson, A. Blythe Nosek, Margaret A. TI Health, preventive health care, and health care access among women with disabilities in the 1994-1995 national health interview survey, supplement on disability SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-DISABILITIES; SERVICES; GENDER AB Objectives. This study presents national estimates on the health, preventive health care, and health care access of adult women with disabilities. We compared women with 1 or 2 functional limitations (FLs) and >= 3 FLs with women with no FLs. Topics covered included demographic characteristics, selected reported health measures, selected clinical preventive services, and selected access to care indicators and health care coverage. Methods. Estimates in this report were based on data from the 1994-1995 National Health Interview Survey, Supplement on Disability (NHIS-D). The sample size for women >= 18 years of age used in producing the estimates from the combined 1994 and 1995 NHIS-D was 77,762. Results. An estimated 16% of women >= 18 years of age had difficulty with at least 1 FL. Women with FLs were less likely to rate their health as excellent or very good and more likely to report their health as fair or poor when compared with women with no FLs. Women with FLs were also more likely to report being a current smoker, having hypertension, being overweight, and experiencing mental health problems. Among women >= 65 years of age, those with FLs were also less likely to have received Pap smear tests within the past year and those with >= 3 FLs were less likely to have received mammograms within the past year than women with no FLs. Women with >= 3 FLs were more likely to report being unable to get general medical care, dental care, prescription medicines, or eyeglasses, regardless of age group, compared with women with no FLs. The main reasons reported for being unable to receive general care were financial problems or limitations in insurance. These findings suggest that increased attention to the health care needs of women with disabilities from researchers, clinicians, and public health professionals is warranted. C1 AHRQ, Ctr Financing Access & Cost Trends, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Chevarley, FM (reprint author), AHRQ, Ctr Financing Access & Cost Trends, 540 Gaither Rd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM Fran.Chevarley@AHRQ.hhs.gov NR 43 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 297 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.whi.2006.10.002 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 122RF UT WOS:000243243500003 PM 17188213 ER PT J AU Daniels, PR McBane, RD Litin, SC Hodge, DO Ward, SA Dowling, NF Heit, JA AF Daniels, Paul R. McBane, Robert D. Litin, Scott C. Hodge, David O. Ward, Sue A. Dowling, Nicole F. Heit, John A. TI Peri-procedural anticoagulation management of mechanical prosthetic heart valve patients within a thrombophilia center: A single-arm cohort study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 18 SU S BP 736 EP 736 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102EC UT WOS:000241792804630 ER PT J AU Pandey, DK Gu, Q Dupree, NE Yoon, S Grumman, N Burt, VL Gillum, RF AF Pandey, Dilip K. Gu, Qiuping Dupree, Natalie E. Yoon, Sarah Grumman, Northrop Burt, Vicki L. Gillum, R. F. TI Cardiovascular mortality and frequency of attendance at religious services in a large national cohort, 1988-2000 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Harris Corp, Hyattsville, MD USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Northrop Grumman, Hyattsville, MD USA. CDC, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 18 SU S BP 858 EP 858 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102EC UT WOS:000241792805466 ER PT J AU Li, Y Fan, AZ Abramson, J Croft, J AF Li, Yan Fan, Amy Z. Abramson, Jerome Croft, Janet TI Serum ferritin interacts with menopausal status in its association with blood pressure in adult women: National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES), 2001-2002 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 18 BP 875 EP 875 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102EC UT WOS:000241792805532 ER PT J AU Iekiachvlli, A Jones, NF Mishra, N Giles, D Schwartz, R English, R Tokars, J Mensah, G AF Iekiachvlli, Akaki Jones, Nicholas F. Mishra, Ninad Giles, Denise Schwartz, Robert English, Roseanne Tokars, Jerome Mensah, George TI Electronic Biosurveillance for trends in circulatory disease-related outpatient service utilization among veterans following Hurricane Katrina in 2005 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 18 SU S BP 880 EP 880 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102EC UT WOS:000241792805552 ER PT J AU Kandula, N Daviglus, M Ni, H Jackson, SA Schreiner, P Diez-Roux, AV AF Kandula, Namratha Daviglus, Martha Ni, Hanyu Jackson, Sharon A. Schreiner, Pamela Diez-Roux, Ana V. TI Acculturation is associated with diabetes prevalence in the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NHLBI, EBP, DECA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 18 BP 881 EP 881 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102EC UT WOS:000241792805560 ER PT J AU Greenlund, KJ Daviglus, ML Croft, JB AF Greenlund, Kurt J. Daviglus, Martha L. Croft, Janet B. TI Differences in healthy lifestyle characteristics among persons with normal blood pressure versus prehypertension SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 18 SU S BP 897 EP 897 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102EC UT WOS:000241792805628 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG Pilishvili, T Farley, MM Schaffner, W Craig, AS Lynfield, R Nyquist, AC Gershman, KA Vazquez, M Bennett, NM Reingold, A Thomas, A Glode, MP Zell, ER Jorgensen, JH Beall, B Schuchat, A AF Whitney, Cynthia G. Pilishvili, Tamor Farley, Monica M. Schaffner, William Craig, Allen S. Lynfield, Ruth Nyquist, Ann-Christine Gershman, Kenneth A. Vazquez, Marietta Bennett, Nancy M. Reingold, Arthur Thomas, Ann Glode, Mary P. Zell, Elizabeth R. Jorgensen, James H. Beall, Bernard Schuchat, Anne TI Effectiveness of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease: a matched case-control study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFECTIONS; EFFICACY; INFANTS; SAFETY; SURVEILLANCE AB Background When seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was introduced in the USA, many children were vaccinated on schedules that differed from those tested in clinical trials. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of the vaccine against various pneumococcal serotypes, and to measure the effectiveness of the recommended dose schedule and of catch-up and incomplete schedules. Methods Invasive disease, defined as isolation of pneumococcus from a sterile site, was identified in children aged 3-59 months through the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Active Bacterial Core surveillance. We tested isolates for serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility. Three controls, matched for age and zip code were selected for each case. We calculated the matched odds ratio for vaccination using conditional logistic regression, controlling for underlying conditions. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as one minus the adjusted matched odds ratio times 100%. Findings We enrolled 782 cases and 2512 controls. Effectiveness of one or more doses against vaccine serotypes was 96% (95% CI 93-98) in healthy children and 81% (57-92) in those with coexisting disorders. It was 76% (63-85) against infections that were not susceptible to penicillin. Vaccination prevented disease caused by all seven vaccine serotypes, and by vaccine-related serotype 6A. Several schedules were more protective than no vaccination; three infant doses with a booster were more protective against vaccine-type disease than were three infant doses alone (p=0.0323). Interpretation The seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine prevents invasive disease in both healthy and chronically ill children. The vaccine is effective when used with various non-standard schedules. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Yale Univ, Dept Pediat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Med, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oregon State Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cwhitney@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 354 Z9 362 U1 3 U2 10 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 28 PY 2006 VL 368 IS 9546 BP 1495 EP 1502 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69637-2 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 099GZ UT WOS:000241582700027 PM 17071283 ER PT J AU Parker, AA Staggs, W Dayan, GH AF Parker, Amy A. Staggs, Wayne Dayan, Gustavo H. TI 2005 measles outbreak in Indiana - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Parker, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 26 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 17 BP 1832 EP 1832 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 098HV UT WOS:000241512500024 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Dietz, WH Galuska, DA Gillespie, C Hamre, R Khan, LK Serdula, MK Ford, ES Garvin, WS Mokdad, AH Densmore, D AF Blanck, H. M. Dietz, W. H. Galuska, D. A. Gillespie, C. Hamre, R. Khan, L. Kettel Serdula, M. K. Ford, E. S. Garvin, W. S. Mokdad, A. H. Densmore, D. TI State-specific prevalence of obesity among adults - United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 985-988, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 25 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 16 BP 1959 EP 1960 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 098BL UT WOS:000241495300009 ER PT J AU Eggers, P Austin, D Hathcock, L Silverman, P Ahmed, F Outten, E Postell, M Rouse, L Waring, J Kretsinger, K Mijalski, C Nuorti, P Cassiday, P Kudish, K Cohn, A AF Eggers, P. Austin, D. Hathcock, L. Silverman, P. Ahmed, F. Outten, E. Postell, M. Rouse, L. Waring, J. Kretsinger, K. Mijalski, C. Nuorti, P. Cassiday, P. Kudish, K. Cohn, A. TI Pertussis outbreak in an Amish community - Kent County, Delaware, September 2004-February 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 817-821, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; DISEASE C1 Delaware Div Publ Hlth, Dover, DE USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eggers, P (reprint author), Delaware Div Publ Hlth, Dover, DE USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 25 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 16 BP 1960 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 098BL UT WOS:000241495300010 ER PT J AU Hambidge, SJ Glanz, JM France, EK McClure, D Xu, S Yamasaki, K Jackson, L Mullooly, JP Zangwill, KM Marcy, SM Black, SB Lewis, EM Shinefield, HR Belongia, E Nordin, J Chen, RT Shay, DK Davis, RL DeStefano, F AF Hambidge, Simon J. Glanz, Jason M. France, Eric K. McClure, David Xu, Stanley Yamasaki, Kristi Jackson, Lisa Mullooly, John P. Zangwill, Kenneth M. Marcy, S. Michael Black, Steven B. Lewis, Edwin M. Shinefield, Henry R. Belongia, Edward Nordin, James Chen, Robert T. Shay, David K. Davis, Robert L. DeStefano, Frank CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team TI Safety of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in children 6 to 23 months old SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; CLINICAL REACTIONS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ADVERSE EVENTS; CASE SERIES; INFANTS; AGE; IMMUNIZATION AB Context Beginning with the winter season of 2004-2005, influenza vaccination has been recommended for all children 6 to 23 months old in the United States. However, its safety in young children has not been adequately studied in large populations. Objective To screen for medically attended events in the clinic, emergency department, or hospital after administration of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in children 6 to 23 months old. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort using self-control analysis, with chart review of significant medically attended events at 8 managed care organizations in the United States that comprise the Vaccine Safety Datalink. Participants were all children in the Vaccine Safety Datalink cohort 6 to 23 months old who received trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine between January 1, 1991, and May 31, 2003 ( 45 356 children with 69 359 vaccinations). Main Outcome Measure Any medically attended event significantly associated with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in risk windows 0 to 3 days, 1 to 14 days ( primary analysis), 1 to 42 days, or 15 to 42 days after vaccination, compared with 2 control periods, one before vaccination and the second after the risk window. All individual ICD-9 codes as well as predefined aggregate codes were examined. Results Before chart review, only 1 diagnosis, gastritis/duodenitis, was more likely to occur in the 14 days after trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine ( matched odds ratio [ OR], 5.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-24.81 for control period 1, and matched OR, 4.33; 95% CI, 1.23-15.21 for control period 2). Thirteen medically attended events were less likely to occur after trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, including acute upper respiratory tract infection, asthma, bronchiolitis, and otitis media. After chart review, gastritis/duodenitis was not significantly associated with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine ( matched OR, 4.00; 95% CI, 0.85-18.84 for control period 1; matched OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 0.92-12.11 for control period 2). Conclusions In the largest population-based study to date of the safety of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in young children, there were very few medically attended events, none of which were serious, significantly associated with the vaccine. This study provides additional evidence supporting the safety of universally immunizing all children 6 to 23 months old with influenza vaccine. C1 Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Clin Res Unit, Denver, CO 80237 USA. Denver Hlth, Community Hlth Serv, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Biostat, Denver, CO USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Vaccine Res, Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. So Calif Kaiser Permanente, Panorama City, CA USA. No Calif Kaiser Permanente, Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI USA. Hlth Partners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hambidge, SJ (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Clin Res Unit, POB 378066, Denver, CO 80237 USA. EM simon.hambidge@dhha.org OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 FU PHS HHS [200-2002-00732] NR 40 TC 80 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 25 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 16 BP 1990 EP 1997 DI 10.1001/jama.296.16.1990 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 098BL UT WOS:000241495300021 PM 17062862 ER PT J AU Patel, PR Larson, AK Castel, AD Ganova-Raeva, LM Myers, RA Roup, BJ Farrell, KP Edwards, L Nainan, O Krick, JP Blythe, D Fiore, AE Roche, JC AF Patel, Priti R. Larson, A. Kirsten Castel, Amanda D. Ganova-Raeva, Lilia M. Myers, Robert A. Roup, Brenda J. Farrell, Katherine P. Edwards, Leslie Nainan, Omana Krick, John P. Blythe, David Fiore, Anthony E. Roche, Jeffrey C. TI Hepatitis C virus infections from a contaminated radiopharmaceutical used in myocardial perfusion studies SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; COMPOUNDING PHARMACY; STERILE PREPARATIONS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; PREVALENCE; WARD; HCV AB Context Nuclear pharmacies prepare radiopharmaceutical products for use in common diagnostic procedures, including myocardial perfusion studies. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission has not been reported previously in the setting of nuclear imaging studies. Objective To investigate an outbreak of acute HCV infection identified among patients who underwent myocardial perfusion studies on October 15, 2004, using an injected radiopharmaceutical. Design, Setting, and Patients Outbreak investigation including molecular epidemiology and pharmacy site investigation at outpatient cardiology clinics and a nuclear pharmacy in Maryland. Ninety patients who received injections drawn from select radiopharmaceutical vials prepared on October 14-15, 2004, at a single nuclear pharmacy were offered testing for bloodborne pathogens. Pharmacy procedures were reviewed and HCV quasi species analysis was performed. Main Outcome Measures Hepatitis C virus infection and quasispecies sequence similarity. Results Sixteen patients with acute HCV infection were identified from 3 separate clinics. All patients received radiopharmaceutical injections drawn from a single pharmacy vial ( vial 1). None of the 59 tested patients who received doses from 6 other vials had acute HCV infection. Blood from a potential source patient with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was processed for a radiolabeled white blood cell study in the pharmacy 12 hours before vial 1 was prepared. The HCV quasispecies sequences from this potential source patient were nearly identical to those from cases (97.8%-98.5% similarity). No acute HIV infections were identified. Pharmacy practices that could have led to blood cross-contamination included reuse of needles and syringes during dilutions and use of common flow hoods for some steps in the preparation of sterile and blood-derived products. Conclusions Sixteen persons acquired HCV infection from a blood-contaminated radiopharmaceutical. The source and practices that could have facilitated breaks in aseptic technique were identified at the pharmacy. Nuclear pharmacies that handle biological products should follow appropriate aseptic technique to prevent contamination of sterile radiopharmaceuticals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. Anne Arundel Cty Dept Hlth, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Patel, PR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ppatel@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 25 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 16 BP 2005 EP 2011 DI 10.1001/jama.296.16.2005 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 098BL UT WOS:000241495300023 PM 17062864 ER PT J AU Li, GY Chen, NH Feng, ZH Buller, RML Osborne, J Harms, T Damon, I Upton, C Esteban, DJ AF Li, Guiyun Chen, Nanhai Feng, Zehua Buller, R. Mark L. Osborne, John Harms, Tiara Damon, Inger Upton, Chris Esteban, David J. TI Genomic sequence and analysis of a vaccinia virus isolate from a patient with a smallpox vaccine-related complication SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POXVIRUS ORTHOLOGOUS CLUSTERS; NF-KAPPA-B; CELL-CULTURE; DNA-SEQUENCE; MONKEYPOX; DATABASE; PROJECTS; RECEPTOR; PROGRAM; SEARCH AB Background: Vaccinia virus (VACV)-DUKE was isolated from a lesion on a 54 year old female who presented to a doctor at the Duke University Medical Center. She was diagnosed with progressive vaccinia and treated with vaccinia immune globulin. The availability of the VACV-DUKE genome sequence permits a first time genomic comparison of a VACV isolate associated with a smallpox vaccine complication with the sequence of culture-derived clonal isolates of the Dryvax vaccine. Results: This study showed that VACV-DUKE is most similar to VACV-ACAM2000 and CLONE3, two VACV clones isolated from the Dryvax (R) vaccine stock confirming VACV-DUKE as an isolate from Dryvax (R). However, VACV-DUKE is unique because it is, to date, the only Dryvax (R) clone isolated from a patient experiencing a vaccine-associated complication. The 199,960 bp VACV-DUKE genome encodes 225 open reading frames, including 178 intact genes and 47 gene fragments. Between VACV-DUKE and the other Dryvax (R) isolates, the major genomic differences are in fragmentation of the ankyrin-like, and kelch-like genes, presence of a full-length Interferon-alpha/ beta receptor gene, and the absence of a duplication of 12 ORFs in the inverted terminal repeat. Excluding this region, the DNA sequence of VACV-DUKE differs from the other two Dryvax (R) isolates by less than 0.4%. DNA sequencing also indicated that there was little heterogeneity in the sample, supporting the hypothesis that virus from an individual lesion is clonal in origin despite the fact that the vaccine is a mixed population. Conclusion: Virus in lesions that result from progressive vaccinia following vaccination with Dryvax are likely clonal in origin. The genomic sequence of VACV-DUKE is overall very similar to that of Dryvax (R) cell culture-derived clonal isolates. Furthermore, with the sequences of multiple clones from Dryvax (R) we can begin to appreciate the diversity of the viral population in the smallpox vaccine. C1 Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. St Louis Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Upton, C (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. EM guiyunli@uvic.ca; nchen@genelux.com; fengz@slu.edu; bullerrm@slu.edu; ozborn27@comcast.net; tj_harms@hotmail.com; IAD7@cdc.gov; cupton@uvic.ca; esteband@uvic.ca OI Upton, Chris/0000-0002-9019-8967 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI48653-02] NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD OCT 25 PY 2006 VL 3 AR 88 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-3-88 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 182MW UT WOS:000247509700001 PM 17062162 ER PT J AU Kong, WP Hood, C Yang, ZY Wei, CJ Xu, L Garcia-Sastre, A Tumpey, TM Nabel, GJ AF Kong, Wing-pui Hood, Chantelle Yang, Zhi-yong Wei, Chih-Jen Xu, Ling Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Tumpey, Terrence M. Nabel, Gary J. TI Protective immunity to lethal challenge of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus by vaccination SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccines; neutralizing antibody; vaccines ID TYPE-1 DNA VACCINES; IMMUNOGENICITY; HEMAGGLUTININ; GENE; NUCLEOPROTEIN; MICE AB The remarkable infectivity and virulence of the 1918 influenza virus resulted in an unprecedented pandemic, raising the question of whether it is possible to develop protective immunity to this virus and whether immune evasion may have contributed to its spread. Here, we report that the highly lethal 1918 virus is susceptible to immune protection by a preventive vaccine, and we define its mechanism of action. Immunization with plasmid expression vectors encoding hemagglutinin (HA) elicited potent CD4 and CD8 cellular responses as well as neutralizing antibodies. Antibody specificity and titer were defined by a microneutralization and a pseuclotype assay that could assess antibody specificity without the need for high-level biocontainment. This pseuclotype inhibition assay can define evolving serotypes of influenza viruses and facilitate the development of immune sera and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that may help contain pandemic influenza. Notably, mice vaccinated with 1918 HA plasmid IDNAs showed complete protection to lethal challenge. T cell depletion had no effect on immunity, but passive transfer of purified IgG from antiHl(1918) immunized mice provided protective immunity for nallive mice challenged with infectious 1918 virus. Thus, humoral immunity directed at the viral HA can protect against the 1918 pandemic virus. C1 NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nabel, GJ (reprint author), NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Room 4502,Bldg 40,MSC-3005,40 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM gnabel@nih.gov OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 19 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 24 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 43 BP 15987 EP 15991 DI 10.1073/pnas.0607564103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 099BW UT WOS:000241568500047 PM 17043214 ER PT J AU Jozic, J Steinhubl, SR Dangas, GD Hooper, WC Stone, GW AF Jozic, Joseph Steinhubl, Steven R. Dangas, George D. Hooper, W. Craig Stone, Gregg W. TI Markers of inflammation and their changes over time in relationship to clinical outcomes and therapeutic interventions in the acute coronary syndrome patient: Results from the ACUITY inflammation sub-study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics Symposium CY OCT 22-27, 2006 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Med, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD OCT 22 PY 2006 VL 98 IS 8A SU S BP 36M EP 36M PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 097JG UT WOS:000241442800078 ER PT J AU De Alwis, GKH Needham, LL Barr, DB AF De Alwis, G. K. Hemakanthi Needham, Larry L. Barr, Dana B. TI Measurement of human urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolites by automated solid-phase extraction, post extraction derivatization, and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE organophosphorous pesticides; dialkyl phosphate metabolites ID DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; ALKYL PHOSPHATES; GENERAL-POPULATION; HUMAN EXPOSURE; INSECTICIDES; LIQUID; EXCRETION; ALKYLPHOSPHATES; ASSOCIATION; CHILDREN AB Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are among the most widely used pesticides in the United States. Human exposure to these pesticides may occur from their use on crops in agriculture and for pest control in residential settings. Most of the OP pesticides used in the United States are metabolized to up to three of six common urinary dialkyl phosphate metabolites. Quantification of these metabolites provides information on cumulative exposure to most OP pesticides. To accurately quantify OP pesticide metabolites in human urine, we developed a simple, highly sensitive, analytic method involving automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) of human urine, followed by post-extraction derivatization of the organophosphorus metabolites with 1-chloro-3-iodopropane, and analysis by isotope dilution gas-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The styrene-divinyl benzene polymer-based SPE cartridges yielded good SPE recoveries of the metabolites because of their enhanced non-polar interactions. This method is less labor-intensive, more time-efficient, and reproducible than previously reported methods. Automation of the SPE allowed unattended extraction of urine samples, and hence, increased the sample throughput and reduced the inter- and intra-day variations. The method limits of detection were excellent for all analytes ranging from 50 pg/ml to 170 pg/ml. Relative standard deviations ranged from 2% to 12%. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F 17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DBarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 843 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.05.010 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 097TS UT WOS:000241472400006 PM 16766234 ER PT J AU Sercombe, JK Eduard, W Romeo, TC Green, BJ Tovey, ER AF Sercombe, Jason K. Eduard, Wijnand Romeo, Tony C. Green, Brett J. Tovey, Euan R. TI Detection of allergens from Alternaria alternata by gold-conjugated anti-human IgE and field emission scanning electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE fungal allergens; gold immunolabelling; scanning electron microscopy ID FUNGAL FRAGMENTS; GERMINATION; EXPOSURE AB Fungal allergens are present in viable and non-viable conidia, hyphae and fungal fragments. It has been shown that large quantities of allergen are released from conidia during germination. We used a gold immunolabelling technique and field emission scanning electron microscopy to examine the allergen release from Alternaria alternata conidia. Immunolabelling was associated with the hyphal tip and amorphous matter associated with the emerging hyphae. Non-specific antibody controls showed no labelling associated with germinating fungi. This suggests that material released from hyphae may be an additional source of fungal allergens. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Occupat Hlth, Oslo, Norway. Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Sydney, Elect Microscope Unit, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. NIOSH, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Eduard, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Occupat Hlth, Oslo, Norway. EM wijnand.eduard@stami.no NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 316 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2006.08.016 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 105KU UT WOS:000242029600020 PM 17028015 ER PT J AU Ouma, P Parise, ME Hamel, MJ ter Kuile, FO Otieno, K Ayisi, JG Kager, PA Steketee, RW Slutsker, L van Eijk, AM AF Ouma, Peter Parise, Monica E. Hamel, Mary J. ter Kuile, Feiko O. Otieno, Kephas Ayisi, John G. Kager, Piet A. Steketee, Richard W. Slutsker, Laurence van Eijk, Anna M. TI A randomized controlled trial of folate supplementation when treating malaria in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine SO PLOS CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article ID PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANTIFOLATE DRUG SYNERGY; FOLIC-ACID; ANTIMALARIAL THERAPY; ANEMIA; KENYA; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION; RESISTANCE; CHILDREN AB Objectives: Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is an antimalarial drug that acts on the folate metabolism of the malaria parasite. We investigated whether folate (FA) supplementation in a high or a low dose affects the efficacy of SP for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in pregnant women. Design: This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Setting: The trial was carried out at three hospitals in western Kenya. Participants: The participants were 488 pregnant women presenting at their first antenatal visit with uncomplicated malaria parasitaemia (density of >= 500 parasites/mu l), a haemoglobin level higher than 7 g/dl, a gestational age between 17 and 34 weeks, and no history of antimalarial or FA use, or sulfa allergy. A total of 415 women completed the study. Interventions: All participants received SP and iron supplementation. They were randomized to the following arms: FA 5 mg, FA 0.4 mg, or FA placebo. After 14 days, all participants continued with FA 5 mg daily as per national guidelines. Participants were followed at days 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 or until treatment failure. Outcome Measures: The outcomes were SP failure rate and change in haemoglobin at day 14. Results: The proportion of treatment failure at day 14 was 13.9% (19/137) in the placebo group, 14.5% (20/138) in the FA 0.4 mg arm (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.07; 98.7% confidence interval [CI], 0.48 to 2.37; p = 0.8), and 27.1% (38/140) in the FA 5 mg arm (AHR, 2.19; 98.7% CI, 1.09 to 4.40; p = 0.005). The haemoglobin levels at day 14 were not different relative to placebo (mean difference for FA 5 mg, 0.17 g/dl; 98.7% CI, -0.19 to 0.52; and for FA 0.4 mg, 0.14 g/dl; 98.7% CI, -0.21 to 0.49). Conclusions: Concomitant use of 5 mg FA supplementation compromises the efficacy of SP for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in pregnant women. Countries that use SP for treatment or prevention of malaria in pregnancy need to evaluate their antenatal policy on timing or dose of FA supplementation. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Batiment Avant Ctr, Malaria Control & Evaluat PArtnership Africa, Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Ferney Voltaire, France. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Field Stn, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP van Eijk, AM (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM amvaneijk@yahoo.com OI ter Kuile, Feiko/0000-0003-3663-5617 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1555-5887 J9 PLOS CLIN TRIALS JI PLos Clin. Trials PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 1 IS 6 AR e28 DI 10.1371/journal.pctr.0010028 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 150SR UT WOS:000245238800001 PM 17053829 ER PT J AU McHale, J Kim, C Wilkins, M Wells, E Rudrik, J Arduino, MJ Noble-Wang, J Jensen, B Carr, J Srinivasan, A Gershman, M AF McHale, J. Kim, C. Wilkins, M. Wells, E. Rudrik, J. Arduino, M. J. Noble-Wang, J. Jensen, B. Carr, J. Srinivasan, A. Gershman, M. TI Update: Delayed onset Pseudomonas fluorescens bloodstream infections after exposure to contaminated heparin flush Michigan and South Dakota, 2005-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 961-963, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 S Dakota Dept Hlth, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McHale, J (reprint author), S Dakota Dept Hlth, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 15 BP 1831 EP 1833 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 095ST UT WOS:000241329300011 ER PT J AU Schneider, DJ May, G Carithers, T Coyle, K Potter, S Endahl, J Robin, L McKenna, M Debrot, K Seymour, J AF Schneider, D. J. May, G. Carithers, T. Coyle, K. Potter, S. Endahl, J. Robin, L. McKenna, M. Debrot, K. Seymour, J. TI Evaluation of a fruit and vegetable distribution program - Mississippi, 2004-05 school year (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 957-961, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CHILDREN C1 Mississippi Dept Educ, Child Nutr Program, Jackson, MS 39205 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. ETR Associates, Scotts Valley, CA USA. Food & Nutr Serv, Off Anal Nutr & Evaluat, USDA, Alexandria, VA USA. CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schneider, DJ (reprint author), Mississippi Dept Educ, Child Nutr Program, Jackson, MS 39205 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 15 BP 1833 EP 1834 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 095ST UT WOS:000241329300012 ER PT J AU Budnitz, DS Pollock, DA Weidenbach, KN Mendelsohn, AB Schroeder, TJ Annest, JL AF Budnitz, Daniel S. Pollock, Daniel A. Weidenbach, Kelly N. Mendelsohn, Aaron B. Schroeder, Thomas J. Annest, Joseph L. TI National surveillance of emergency department visits for outpatient adverse drug events SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; AMBULATORY-CARE; SAFETY; INJURIES; ERRORS AB Context Adverse drug events are common and often preventable causes of medical injuries. However, timely, nationally representative information on outpatient adverse drug events is limited. Objective To describe the frequency and characteristics of adverse drug events that lead to emergency department visits in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants Active surveillance from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2005, through the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project. Main Outcome Measures National estimates of the numbers, population rates, and severity (measured by hospitalization) of individuals with adverse drug events treated in emergency departments. Results Over the 2-year study period, 21 298 adverse drug event cases were reported, producing weighted annual estimates of 701 547 individuals (95% confidence interval [CI], 509 642-893 452) or 2.4 individuals per 1000 population(95% CI, 1.7-3.0) treated in emergency departments. Of these cases, 3487 individuals required hospitalization (annual estimate, 117 318 [16.7%]; 95% CI, 13.1%-20.3%). Adverse drug events accounted for 2.5% (95% CI, 2.0%-3.1%) of estimated emergency department visits for all unintentional injuries and 6.7% (95% CI, 4.7%-8.7%) of those leading to hospitalization and accounted for 0.6% of estimated emergency department visits for all causes. Individuals aged 65 years or older were more likely than younger individuals to sustain adverse drug events (annual estimate, 4.9 vs 2.0 per 1000; rate ratio [RR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.0) and more likely to require hospitalization (annual estimate, 1.6 vs 0.23 per 1000; RR, 6.8; 95% CI, 4.3-9.2). Drugs for which regular outpatient monitoring is used to prevent acute toxicity accounted for 41.5% of estimated hospitalizations overall (1381 cases; 95% CI, 30.9%-52.1%) and 54.4% of estimated hospitalizations among individuals aged 65 years or older (829 cases; 95% CI, 45.0%-63.7%). Conclusions Adverse drug events among outpatients that lead to emergency department visits are an important cause of morbidity in the United States, particularly among individuals aged 65 years or older. Ongoing, population-based surveillance can help monitor these events and target prevention strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Off Drug Safety, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Budnitz, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbudnitz@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 396 Z9 408 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 15 BP 1858 EP 1866 DI 10.1001/jama.296.15.1858 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 095ST UT WOS:000241329300028 PM 17047216 ER PT J AU Peterman, TA Tian, LH Metcalf, CA Satterwhite, CL Malotte, CK DeAugustine, N Paul, SM Cross, H Rietmeijer, CA Douglas, JM AF Peterman, Thomas A. Tian, Lin H. Metcalf, Carol A. Satterwhite, Catherine L. Malotte, C. Kevin DeAugustine, Nettie Paul, Sindy M. Cross, Helene Rietmeijer, Cornelis A. Douglas, John M., Jr. CA RESPECT 2 Study Grp TI High incidence of new sexually transmitted infections in the year following a sexually transmitted infection: A case for rescreening SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; LONGITUDINAL DATA; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; GONORRHEA; WOMEN; PREVENTION; DISEASE; DETERMINANTS; AZITHROMYCIN; REINFECTION AB Background: Studies show 11% to 15% of women treated for Chlamydia trachomatis are reinfected 3 to 4 months after treatment, suggesting the need for rescreening. There is little information on infections among men, infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Trichomonas vaginalis, or long-term follow-up. Objective: To determine the incidence of new sexually transmitted infections during the year after a visit to a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic and associated risk factors. Design: Secondary analysis of data from a randomized, controlled trial (RESPECT-2). Setting: 3 urban STD clinics. Patients: Sexually active patients enrolled in an HIV prevention counseling trial. Measurements: Patient characteristics at the initial visit; behaviors during follow-up; and new infections with C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, or T. vaginalis (women only) detected during 4 scheduled return visits and any other interim visits. Results: 2419 persons had 8129 three-month follow-up intervals. Among 1236 women, 25.8% had 1 or more new infections (11.9% acquired C. trachomatis, 6.3% acquired N. gonorrhoeae, and 12.8% acquired T. vaginalis); among 1183 men, 14.7% had 1 or more new infections (9.4% acquired C trachomatis, and 7.1% acquired N. gonorrhoeae). Black persons and those with sexually transmitted infections at baseline were at highest risk for recurrent infection (adjusted odds ratio, 2.5 and 2.4, respectively). For persons infected at baseline, the risk for infection was high at 3 and 6 months (16.3 per 100 three-month intervals) and remained high at 9 and 12 months (12.0 per 100 three-month intervals). Most (67.2%) infections were diagnosed during study-related visits, and 66.2% of these patients reported no symptoms. Limitations: Because patients were recruited from STD clinics, results may not be generalizable. Conclusions: Men and women who receive diagnoses of C trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, or T vaginalis infections should return in 3 months for rescreening because they are at high risk for new asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections. Although single-dose therapy may adequately treat the infection, it often does not adequately treat the patient. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Human Sci Res Council, Pretoria, South Africa. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Long Beach Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Long Beach, CA USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cpeterman@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 17 PY 2006 VL 145 IS 8 BP 564 EP 572 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 095NX UT WOS:000241315700002 PM 17043338 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Bearden, SW Wilder, AP Montenieri, JA Antolin, MF Gage, KL AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Bearden, Scott W. Wilder, Aryn P. Montenieri, John A. Antolin, Michael F. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas as a mechanism explaining rapidly spreading plague epizootics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Oropsylla montana; transmission; vector efficiency; Black Death ID PASTEURELLA-PESTIS; XENOPSYLLA-CHEOPIS; VECTOR EFFICIENCY; PIGMENTATION; SIPHONAPTERA; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS AB Plague is a highly virulent disease believed to have killed millions during three historic human pandemics. Worldwide, it remains a threat to humans and is a potential agent of bioterrorism. Dissemination of Yersinia pestis, the etiological agent of plague, by blocked fleas has been the accepted paradigm for flea-borne transmission. However, this mechanism, which requires a lengthy extrinsic incubation period before a short infectious window often followed by death of the flea, cannot sufficiently explain the rapid rate of spread that typifies plague epidemics and epizootics. Inconsistencies between the expected rate of spread by blocked rat fleas and that observed during the Black Death has even caused speculation that plague was not the cause of this medieval pandemic. We used the primary vector to humans in North America, Oropsylla montana, which rarely becomes blocked, as a model for studying alternative flea-borne transmission mechanisms. Our data revealed that, in contrast to the classical blocked flea model, O. montana is immediately infectious, transmits efficiently for at least 4 d postinfection (early phase) and may remain infectious for a long time because the fleas do not suffer block-induced mortality. These factors match the criteria required to drive plague epizootics as defined by recently published mathematical models. The scenario of efficient early-phase transmission by unblocked fleas described in our study calls for a paradigm shift in concepts of how Y. pestis is transmitted during rapidly spreading epizootics and epidemics, including, perhaps, the Black Death. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 116 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 17 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 42 BP 15380 EP 15385 DI 10.1073/pnas.0606831103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 097VC UT WOS:000241476200021 PM 17032761 ER PT J AU O'Connor, RJ Giovino, GA Kozlowski, LT Shiffman, S Hyland, A Bernert, JT Caraballo, RS Cummings, KM AF O'Connor, Richard J. Giovino, Gary A. Kozlowski, Lynn T. Shiffman, Saul Hyland, Andrew Bernert, John T. Caraballo, Ralph S. Cummings, K. Michael TI Changes in nicotine intake and cigarette use over time in two nationally representative cross-sectional samples of smokers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Preventive-Oncology CY FEB 26-28, 2006 CL Bethesda, MD SP Amer Soc Prevent Oncol DE nicotine; nutrition surveys; smoking; tobacco use disorder ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; SERUM COTININE LEVELS; SMOKING REDUCTION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; NONDAILY SMOKERS; TOBACCO USE; FOLLOW-UP; HEALTH; EXPOSURE; TAR AB Population surveys have observed decreases in cigarette use over time among smokers. These decreases have probably been influenced by tobacco control measures implemented over the past several decades, but few data exist on whether smokers have also reduced their nicotine intake. The authors examined data from two cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), conducted in 1988-1994 and 1999-2002. Laboratory, examination, and interview data from current smokers not reporting nicotine intake from other sources were examined. From NHANES III (1988-1994) to NHANES 1999-2002, the average number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) fell by nearly 15% (three cigarettes), while the mean serum cotinine level fell by 13% (30 ng/ml). Finer breakdowns of CPD data in each time period suggested that most of the change occurred in the lower (< 10 CPD) and higher (>= 20 CPD) smoking categories. These data suggest that CPD may represent a proxy for exposure to nicotine and perhaps other tobacco smoke constituents on the population level, since the decline in serum cotinine levels observed among smokers closely paralleled the decline in self-reported CPD between 1988-1994 and 1999-2002. In addition, these data are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the remaining population of smokers is becoming more dependent on nicotine over time. C1 Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Hlth Behav, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Dev, Dept Biobehav Hlth, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychol, Sch Arts & Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Pinney Associates, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Connor, RJ (reprint author), Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Hlth Behav, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. EM richard.oconnor@roswellpark.org RI Shiffman, Saul/K-7337-2012; O'Connor, Richard/A-6961-2009 NR 60 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 8 BP 750 EP 759 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj263 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 092IR UT WOS:000241090700007 PM 16887891 ER PT J AU Crider, KS Reefhuis, J Woomert, A Honein, MA AF Crider, Krista S. Reefhuis, Jennita Woomert, Alison Honein, Margaret A. TI Racial and ethnic disparity in participation in DNA collection at the atlanta site of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abnormalities; continental population groups; data collection; epidemiologic methods; ethnic groups; risk factors ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; CANCER; GENETICS; REGISTRY; SMOKING; SAMPLES; HEALTH; WOMEN; MAIL AB Genetic risk factors are a critical component of many epidemiologic studies; however, concerns about genetic research might affect participants' willingness to enroll. The authors assessed factors associated with completion of mailed buccal-cell collection kits following telephone interviews at the Atlanta, Georgia, study site of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Pregnant women who were interviewed after June 30, 1999, and had an estimated delivery date of December 31, 2002, or earlier were included (n = 1,606). For this time period, overall interview participation was 71.9%. Among those interviewed, 47.6% completed the buccal-cell collection kit (61.1% of non-Hispanic Whites, 34.9% of non-Hispanic Blacks, and 39.1% of Hispanics). Non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity, an English-language (vs. Spanish) interview, receipt of a redesigned mailing packet and an additional $20 incentive, and consumption of folic acid were associated with higher buccal-cell kit participation. Among non-Hispanic White mothers, higher education, intending to become pregnant, and having a child with a birth defect were associated with increased participation. Among non-Hispanic Black mothers, receipt of the redesigned packet and $20 incentive was associated with increased participation. Among Hispanic mothers, an English-language interview, higher education, and receipt of the redesigned packet and $20 incentive were associated with increased participation. At this study site, minority groups were less likely to participate in DNA collection. Factors associated with participation varied by race/ethnicity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Durham, NC USA. RP Crider, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kcrider@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 8 BP 805 EP 812 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj264 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 092IR UT WOS:000241090700013 PM 16877537 ER PT J AU Howe, HL Wu, XC Ries, LAG Cokkinides, V Ahmed, F Jemal, A Miller, B Williams, M Ward, E Wingo, PA Ramirez, A Edwards, BK AF Howe, Holly L. Wu, Xiaocheng Ries, Lynn A. G. Cokkinides, Vilma Ahmed, Faruque Jemal, Ahmedin Miller, Barry Williams, Melanie Ward, Elizabeth Wingo, Phyllis A. Ramirez, Amelie Edwards, Brenda K. TI Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2003, featuring cancer among US Hispanic/Latino populations SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE cancer; incidence; mortality; Hispanic; Latino; NAACCR; SEER; NPCR; vital statistics; United States; health disparity; cancer inequality ID DISPARITIES GEOCODING PROJECT; RENAL-CELL CANCER; NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-CANCER; THYROID-CANCER; CERVICAL-CANCER; SOUTH FLORIDA; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; INCIDENCE RATES AB BACKGROUND. The American Cancer Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Cancer Institute, and North American Association of Central Cancer Registries collaborate annually to provide U.S. cancer information, this year featuring the first comprehensive compilation of cancer information for U.S. Latinos. METHODS. Cancer incidence was obtained from 90% of the Hispanic/Latino and 82% of the U.S. populations. Cancer deaths were obtained for the entire U.S. population. Cancer screening, risk factor, incidence, and mortality data were compiled for Latino and non-Latino adults and children (incidence only). Long-term (19752003) and fixed-interval (1995-2003) trends and comparative analyses by disease stage, urbanicity, and area poverty were evaluated. RESULTS. The long-term trend in overall cancer death rates, declining since the early 1990s, continued through 2003 for all races and both sexes combined. However, female lung cancer incidence rates increased from 1975 to 2003, decelerating since 1991 and breast cancer incidence rates stabilized from 2001 to 2003. Latinos had lower incidence rates in 1999-2003 for most cancers, but higher rates for stomach, liver, cervix, and myeloma (females) than did non-Latino white populations. Latino children have higher incidence of leukemia, retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, and germ-cell tumors than do non-Latino white children. For several common cancers, Latinos were less likely than non-Latinos to be diagnosed at localized stages. CONCLUSIONS. The lower cancer rates observed in Latino immigrants could be sustained by maintenance of healthy behaviors. Some infection-related cancers in Latinos could be controlled by evidence-based interventions. Affordable, culturally sensitive, linguistically appropriate, and timely access to cancer information, prevention, screening, and treatment are important in Latino outreach and community networks. Published 2006 by the American Cancer Society. C1 N Amer Assoc, Cent Canc Reg, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res Dept, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dan L Duncan Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Howe, HL (reprint author), N Amer Assoc, Cent Canc Reg, 2121 W White Oaks Dr, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. EM hhowe@naaccr.org FU NCI NIH HHS [N02-PC-44401]; PHS HHS [HHSN261200444001C, U75/CCU523346] NR 157 TC 265 Z9 275 U1 4 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 8 BP 1711 EP 1742 DI 10.1002/cncr.22193 PG 32 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 093MB UT WOS:000241171300001 PM 16958083 ER PT J AU Abrahamson, PE Gammon, MD Lund, MJ Britton, JA Marshall, SW Flagg, EW Porter, PL Brinton, LA Eley, JW Coates, RJ AF Abrahamson, Page E. Gammon, Marilie D. Lund, Mary Jo Britton, Julie A. Marshall, Stephen W. Flagg, Elaine W. Porter, Peggy L. Brinton, Louise A. Eley, J. William Coates, Ralph J. TI Recreational physical activity and survival among young women with breast cancer SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; survival; mortality; physical activity; exercise ID AGE 45 YEARS; PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; BODY-SIZE; RISK; EXERCISE; HEALTH; LIFE; INDICATORS; DIAGNOSIS AB BACKGROUND. Most epidemiologic studies report a reduced risk of developing breast cancer associated with higher levels of recreational physical activity, but little is known regarding its effect on prognosis. METHODS. in this study, the authors investigated whether activity undertaken prior to diagnosis influenced breast cancer survival in a population-based cohort. A follow-up study was conducted among 1264 women ages 20 to 54 years who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1990 and 1992. Women in the study were interviewed within several months of diagnosis and were asked about their average frequency of moderate and vigorous activity at age 13 years, age 20 years, and during the year before diagnosis. With 8 to 10 years of follow-up, all-cause mortality status was determined by using the National Death Index (n = 290 deaths). RESULTS. A modest reduction in the hazards ratio (HR) was observed for the highest quartile of activity in the year before diagnosis compared with the lowest quartile (stage-adjusted and income-adjusted HR, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.56-1.08). High activity was associated with a reduced HR among women who were overweight or obese at the time of diagnosis (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49-0.99) but not among ideal weight or underweight women (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.77-1.52). A reduced HR was not evident for activity at age 13 years or 20 years or for average activity across the 3 periods studied. CONCLUSIONS. The results of this study provided some suggestive evidence for a beneficial effect on survival of recreational physical activity undertaken in the year before diagnosis, particularly among women who are over-weight or obese near the time of diagnosis. Published 2006 by the American Cancer Society. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Program, Div Human Biol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abrahamson, PE (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Program, Div Human Biol, 1100 Fairview Ave N,M4-B402, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM pabraham@fhcrc.org RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015; OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562; Marshall, Stephen/0000-0002-2664-9233 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [R25 CA57726, R25 CA94880]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES10126] NR 41 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 8 BP 1777 EP 1785 DI 10.1002/cncr.22201 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 093MB UT WOS:000241171300006 PM 16967443 ER PT J AU Fry, AM Curns, AT Harbour, K Hutwagner, L Holman, RC Anderson, LJ AF Fry, Alicia M. Curns, Aaron T. Harbour, Kathryn Hutwagner, Lori Holman, Robert C. Anderson, Larry J. TI Seasonal trends of human parainfluenza viral infections: United States, 1990-2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; ABERRATION DETECTION METHODS; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATTERNS; ILLNESS; TYPE-3 AB Background. Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are important causes of upper and lower respiratory tract illness among children and adults. Methods. We describe seasonal trends for individual HPIV serotypes and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States using data on the percentage of specimens with positive test results reported to the National Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Surveillance System during the period 1990-2004. Onset and conclusion dates for peaks in activity were determined with the Early Aberration Reporting System's cumulative sum method C2 by detecting periods when the number of positive HPIV test results was significantly greater than that observed for preceding weeks for each serotype. Results. During the study period, increases in the percentage of positive HPIV-3 and HPIV-2 test results occurred annually during April-June and October-November, respectively. Increases in the percentage of positive HPIV-1 test results occurred biennially during September-December during odd-numbered years. During years when HPIV-1 was not circulating, more HPIV-3 activity was reported, either as a longer spring season or as a second smaller period of increased activity noted in the fall. Seasonal peaks in respiratory syncytial virus activity occurred annually during November-April. Conclusions. We provide a national perspective for HPIV activity during the 15-year study period and demonstrate distinct seasonal peaks in activity for HPIV-1, HPIV-2, and HPIV-3. In addition, our data suggest that there is an interaction between HPIV-3 and HPIV-1 activity, which may have implications in future prevention strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bioterrorism & Response Preparedness Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fry, AM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afry@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1016 EP 1022 DI 10.1086/507638 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 086IE UT WOS:000240666200011 PM 16983614 ER PT J AU Morgan, J McCarthy, KM Gould, S Fan, K Arthington-Skaggs, B Iqbal, N Stamey, K Hajjeh, RA Brandt, ME AF Morgan, Juliette McCarthy, Kerrigan M. Gould, Susan Fan, Ke Arthington-Skaggs, Beth Iqbal, Naureen Stamey, Karen Hajjeh, Rana A. Brandt, Mary E. CA Gauteng Cryptococcal Surveilance I TI Cryptococcus gattii infection: Characteristics and epidemiology of cases identified in a South African province with high HIV seroprevalence, 2002-2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID 2 VARIETIES; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES; UNITED-STATES; NEOFORMANS; AUSTRALIA; HOST AB We describe 46 Cryptococcus gattii-infected persons identified by population-based surveillance conducted in South Africa. Most patients with C. gattii infection presented with meningitis. The mortality rate during hospitalization was 36%. We found no significant differences between persons with and persons without C. gattii infection with regard to clinical presentation, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis, concomitant conditions, or prior opportunistic infections. C. gattii isolates had low MICs to the tested antifungal drugs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infest Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Mycol Reference Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Brandt, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MBrandt@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1077 EP 1080 DI 10.1086/507897 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 086IE UT WOS:000240666200021 PM 16983624 ER PT J AU Neuzil, KM Jackson, LA Nelson, J Klimov, A Cox, N Bridges, CB Dunn, J DeStefano, F Shay, D AF Neuzil, Kathleen M. Jackson, Lisa A. Nelson, Jennifer Klimov, Alexander Cox, Nancy Bridges, Carolyn B. Dunn, John DeStefano, Frank Shay, David TI Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of 1 versus 2 doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in vaccine-naive 5-8-year-old children SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID VIRUS-VACCINE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFECTION; AGE; FAMILIES; EFFICACY; SCHOOLCHILDREN; ANTIGENICITY; INTRANASAL; PROTECTION AB Background. Two doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) are recommended for children ! 9 years old receiving vaccine for the first time, but compliance is suboptimal. This study assessed the need for a second dose of TIV in this age group. Methods. In this prospective, open-label study, 232 influenza vaccine-naive 5-8-year-olds enrolled in a health maintenance organization received 2 doses of TIV in fall 2004. Serum for antibody titer measurement was obtained at 3 time points (n = 222). Parents completed diaries for 5 days. Results. Both doses of vaccine were well tolerated. The strongest predictor of a protective antibody response (>= 1:40) after 1 dose of TIV was baseline seropositive status. In multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, and baseline serostatus, the proportion of children with protective antibody responses was significantly higher after 2 doses than after 1 dose of TIV for each antigen (P <.001, for A/H1N1; P = .01 for A/H3N2; P <.001, for B). Age and sex were not independently predictive of a protective antibody response. Over one-third of children had antibody responses ! 1: 40 for the type B vaccine component, even after 2 doses. Conclusions. The present study supports the need for 2 doses of TIV in 5-8-year-olds receiving TIV for the first time. Efforts to increase compliance with the 2-dose recommendation are warranted. C1 Univ Washington, PATH, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Neuzil, KM (reprint author), Univ Washington, PATH, Sch Med, 1455 NW Leary Way, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM kneuzil@path.org OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 37 TC 88 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 8 BP 1032 EP 1039 DI 10.1086/507309 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 084QC UT WOS:000240548500003 PM 16991077 ER PT J AU Dunne, EF Nielson, CM Stone, KM Markowitz, LE Giuliano, AR AF Dunne, Eileen F. Nielson, Carrie M. Stone, Katherine M. Markowitz, Lauri E. Giuliano, Anna R. TI Prevalence of HPV infection among men: A systematic review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; MALE SEXUAL PARTNERS; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; UNITED-STATES; URINE SAMPLES; YOUNG-WOMEN; CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES AB Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted infection; an estimated 6.2 million persons are newly infected every year in the United States. There are limited data on HPV infection in heterosexual men. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of the literature by searching MEDLINE using the terms "human papillomavirus," "HPV," "male," "seroprevalence," and "serology" to retrieve articles published from 1 January 1990 to 1 February 2006. We included studies that had data on population characteristics and that evaluated male genital anatomic sites or specimens for HPV DNA or included assessments of seropositivity to HPV type 6, 11, 16, or 18 in men. We excluded studies that had been conducted only in children or immunocompromised persons (HIV infected, transplant recipients, or elderly). Results. We included a total of 40 publications on HPV DNA detection and risk factors for HPV in men; 27 evaluated multiple anatomic sites or specimens, 10 evaluated a single site or specimen, and 3 evaluated risk factors or optimal anatomic sites/specimens for HPV detection. Twelve studies assessed site- or specimen-specific HPV DNA detection. HPV prevalence in men was 1.3%-72.9% in studies in which multiple anatomic sites or specimens were evaluated; 15 (56%) of these studies reported >= 20% HPV prevalence. HPV prevalence varied on the basis of sampling, processing methods, and the anatomic site(s) or specimen(s) sampled. We included 15 publications reporting HPV seroprevalence. Rates of seropositivity depended on the population, HPV type, and methods used. In 9 studies that evaluated both men and women, all but 1 demonstrated that HPV seroprevalence was lower in men than in women. Conclusion. HPV infection is highly prevalent in sexually active men and can be detected by use of a variety of specimens and methods. There have been few natural-history studies and no transmission studies of HPV in men. The information that we have reviewed may be useful for future natural-history studies and for modeling the potential impact of a prophylactic HPV vaccine. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Consultant Practice, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. H Lee Moffit Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Interdisciplinary Oncol, Tampa, FL USA. RP Dunne, EF (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dde9@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [MM-0579-03/03] NR 68 TC 277 Z9 292 U1 2 U2 17 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 8 BP 1044 EP 1057 DI 10.1086/507432 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 084QC UT WOS:000240548500005 PM 16991079 ER PT J AU D'Alessandro, U ter Kuile, FO AF D'Alessandro, Umberto ter Kuile, Feiko O. TI Amodiaquine, malaria, pregnancy: the old new drug SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA C1 Inst Trop Med Prince Leopold, Dept Parasitol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP D'Alessandro, U (reprint author), Inst Trop Med Prince Leopold, Dept Parasitol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. EM udalessandro@itg.be RI D'Alessandro, Umberto/D-3457-2015 OI D'Alessandro, Umberto/0000-0001-6341-5009 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 368 IS 9544 BP 1306 EP 1307 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69532-9 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 096PA UT WOS:000241388100006 PM 17046445 ER PT J AU Heininger, U Seward, JF AF Heininger, Ulrich Seward, Jane F. TI Varicella SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID ZOSTER-VIRUS-INFECTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; WILD-TYPE STRAINS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; A STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; HERPES-ZOSTER; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; ORAL ACYCLOVIR; VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS AB Varicella-zoster virus, a herpesvirus, causes varicella (chickenpox) and, after endogenous reactivation, herpes zoster (shingles). Varicella, which is recognised by a characteristic vesicular rash, arises mainly in young children, although older individuals can be affected. In immunocompetent patients, symptoms are usually mild to moderate, but an uncomplicated severe case can have more than 1000 lesions and severe constitutional symptoms. Serious complications-including central nervous system involvement, pneumonia, secondary bacterial infections, and death-are sometimes seen. Varicella can be prevented by vaccination. Vaccine is about 80-85% effective against all disease and highly (more than 95%) effective in prevention of severe disease. In the USA, a routine childhood immunisation programme has reduced disease incidence, complications, hospital admissions, and deaths in children and in the general population, indicating strong herd immunity. Similar immunisation programmes have been adopted by some other countries, including Uruguay, Germany, Taiwan, Canada, and Australia, and are expected to be implemented more widely in future. C1 Univ Childrens Hosp, Div Paediat Infect Dis & Vaccinol, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Heininger, U (reprint author), Univ Childrens Hosp, Div Paediat Infect Dis & Vaccinol, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland. EM Ulrich.Heininger@unibas.ch NR 189 TC 221 Z9 233 U1 3 U2 14 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 368 IS 9544 BP 1365 EP 1376 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69561-5 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 096PA UT WOS:000241388100033 PM 17046469 ER PT J AU Pape, WJ Gershman, K Bamberg, WM AF Pape, W. J. Gershman, K. Bamberg, W. M. TI Cluster of tick paralysis cases - Colorado, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 933-935, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pape, WJ (reprint author), Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 11 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 14 BP 1721 EP 1722 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 092NH UT WOS:000241103400010 ER PT J AU Bertram-Sosa, L Jaso, C Valadez, A Jones, R Sidwa, T Walker, J Anglim, A Mascola, L Van Gordon, G Ramirez, J Fritz, C Davis, R Ross, J Chongsiriwatana, K DiMenna, M Sheyka, J Ettestad, P Smelser, C Powers, N Reynolds, P Fowler, J Pape, J Tanda, D Mead, P Griffith, K Gage, KL Montenieri, J Dietrich, G Kubota, K Young, J Gould, LH AF Bertram-Sosa, L. Jaso, C. Valadez, A. Jones, R. Sidwa, T. Walker, J. Anglim, A. Mascola, L. Van Gordon, G. Ramirez, J. Fritz, C. Davis, R. Ross, J. Chongsiriwatana, K. DiMenna, M. Sheyka, J. Ettestad, P. Smelser, C. Powers, N. Reynolds, P. Fowler, J. Pape, J. Tanda, D. Mead, P. Griffith, K. Gage, K. L. Montenieri, J. Dietrich, G. Kubota, K. Young, J. Gould, L. H. TI Human plague - Four states, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR Dispatch, vol 55, pg 1-3, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES C1 Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. City Albuquerque Environm Hlth Dept, Albuquerque, NM USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. San Juan Basin Hlth Dept, Durango, CO USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 11 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 14 BP 1722 EP 1724 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 092NH UT WOS:000241103400011 ER PT J AU Omer, SB Pan, WKY Halsey, NA Stokley, S Moulton, LH Navar, AM Pierce, M Salmon, DA AF Omer, Saad B. Pan, William K. Y. Halsey, Neal A. Stokley, Shannon Moulton, Lawrence H. Navar, Ann Marie Pierce, Mathew Salmon, Daniel A. TI Nonmedical exemptions to school immunization requirements - Secular trends and association of state policies with pertussis incidence SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE-SIZE; PHILOSOPHICAL EXEMPTIONS; UNITED-STATES; MEASLES; LAWS; REGRESSION; VACCINES; CHILDREN AB Context School immunization requirements have played a major role in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States. Most states offer nonmedical exemptions to school requirements (religious or personal belief). Exemptors are at increased risk of acquiring and transmitting disease. The role of exemption policies may be especially important for pertussis, which is endemic in the United States. Objective To determine if (1) the rates of nonmedical exemptions differ and have been increasing in states that offer only religious vs personal belief exemptions; (2) the rates of nonmedical exemptions differ and have been increasing in states that have easy vs medium and easy vs difficult processes for obtaining exemptions; and (3) pertussis incidence is associated with policies of granting personal belief exemptions, ease of obtaining exemptions, and acceptance of parental signature as sufficient proof of compliance with school immunization requirements. Design, Setting, and Participants We analyzed 1991 through 2004 state-level rates of nonmedical exemptions at school entry and 1986 through 2004 pertussis incidence data for individuals aged 18 years or younger. Main Outcome Measures State-level exemption rates and pertussis incidence. Results From 2001 through 2004, states that permitted personal belief exemptions had higher nonmedical exemption rates than states that offered only religious exemptions, and states that easily granted exemptions had higher nonmedical exemption rates in 2002 through 2003 compared with states with medium and difficult exemption processes. The mean exemption rate increased an average of 6% per year, from 0.99% in 1991 to 2.54% in 2004, among states that offered personal belief exemptions. In states that easily granted exemptions, the rate increased 5% per year, from 1.26% in 1991 to 2.51% in 2004. No statistically significant change was seen in states that offered only religious exemptions or that had medium and difficult exemption processes. In multivariate analyses adjusting for demographics, easier granting of exemptions (incidence rate ratio = 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.14) and availability of personal belief exemptions (incidence rate ratio = 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.13) were associated with increased pertussis incidence. Conclusions Permitting personal belief exemptions and easily granting exemptions are associated with higher and increasing nonmedical US exemption rates. State policies granting personal belief exemptions and states that easily grant exemptions are associated with increased pertussis incidence. States should examine their exemption policies to ensure control of pertussis and other vaccine-preventable diseases. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Inst Vaccine Safety, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Salmon, DA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, 1329 SW 16th St,Room 5239,POB 100177, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM das@ehpr.ufl.edu RI Omer, Saad/K-1182-2012; OI Omer, Saad/0000-0002-5383-3474; Moulton, Lawrence/0000-0001-7041-7387 FU PHS HHS [UIP000032A] NR 29 TC 180 Z9 182 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 11 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 14 BP 1757 EP 1763 DI 10.1001/jama.296.14.1757 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 092NH UT WOS:000241103400024 PM 17032989 ER PT J AU Kash, JC Tumpey, TM Proll, SC Carter, V Perwitasari, O Thomas, MJ Basler, CF Palese, P Taubenberger, JK Garcia-Sastre, A Swayne, DE Katze, MG AF Kash, John C. Tumpey, Terrence M. Proll, Sean C. Carter, Victoria Perwitasari, Olivia Thomas, Matthew J. Basler, Christopher F. Palese, Peter Taubenberger, Jeffery K. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Swayne, David E. Katze, Michael G. TI Genomic analysis of increased host immune and cell death responses induced by 1918 influenza virus SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PANDEMIC VIRUS; A VIRUSES; ENHANCED VIRULENCE; GENES; MACROPHAGES; HEMAGGLUTININ; MICE; PATHOGENESIS; MORTALITY; SEGMENT AB The influenza pandemic of 1918 - 19 was responsible for about 50 million deaths worldwide(1). Modern histopathological analysis of autopsy samples from human influenza cases from 1918 revealed significant damage to the lungs with acute, focal bronchitis and alveolitis associated with massive pulmonary oedema, haemorrhage and rapid destruction of the respiratory epithelium(2). The contribution of the host immune response leading to this severe pathology remains largely unknown. Here we show, in a comprehensive analysis of the global host response induced by the 1918 influenza virus, that mice infected with the reconstructed 1918 influenza virus displayed an increased and accelerated activation of host immune response genes associated with severe pulmonary pathology. We found that mice infected with a virus containing all eight genes from the pandemic virus showed marked activation of pro-inflammatory and cell-death pathways by 24 h after infection that remained unabated until death on day 5. This was in contrast with smaller host immune responses as measured at the genomic level, accompanied by less severe disease pathology and delays in death in mice infected with influenza viruses containing only subsets of 1918 genes. The results indicate a cooperative interaction between the 1918 influenza genes and show that study of the virulence of the 1918 influenza virus requires the use of the fully reconstructed virus. With recent concerns about the introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses into humans and their potential to cause a worldwide pandemic with disastrous health and economic consequences, a comprehensive understanding of the global host response to the 1918 virus is crucial. Moreover, understanding the contribution of host immune responses to virulent influenza virus infections is an important starting point for the identification of prognostic indicators and the development of novel antiviral therapies. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NCID, Influenza Branch, DVRD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Dept Cellular Pathol & Genet, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Agr Res Lab, Athens, GA 30606 USA. RP Kash, JC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jkash@u.washington.edu OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AI000986-01] NR 26 TC 343 Z9 358 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 5 PY 2006 VL 443 IS 7111 BP 578 EP 581 DI 10.1038/nature05181 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 090XO UT WOS:000240988200044 PM 17006449 ER PT J AU Villareal, TA Moore, C Stribling, P Van Dolah, F Luber, G Wenck, MA AF Villareal, T. A. Moore, C. Stribling, P. Van Dolah, Fran Luber, G. Wenck, M. A. TI Ciguatera fish poisoning - Texas, 1998, and South Carolina, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 935-937, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID TEMPERATURE C1 Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, N Charleston, SC USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Villareal, TA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Villareal, Tracy/I-9462-2012 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 4 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 13 BP 1581 EP 1582 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 090JS UT WOS:000240948200007 ER PT J AU Shay, DK Bright, RA Shaw, M Cox, NJ Klimov, AI AF Shay, David K. Bright, Rick A. Shaw, Michael Cox, Nancy J. Klimov, Alexander I. TI Shift shown in influenza A adamantane resistance - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID VIRUSES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Novavax Inc, Malvern, PA USA. RP Shay, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dshay@cdc.gov OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 4 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 13 BP 1586 EP 1587 DI 10.1001/jama.296.13.1586 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 090JS UT WOS:000240948200010 ER PT J AU Golden, MR Gift, TL Brewer, DD Fleming, M Hogben, M Lawrence, JSS Thiede, H Handsfield, HH AF Golden, Matthew R. Gift, Thomas L. Brewer, Devon D. Fleming, Mark Hogben, Matthew Lawrence, Janet S. St. Thiede, Hanne Handsfield, H. Hunter TI Peer referral for HIV case-finding among men who have sex with men SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; case-finding; HIV; partner notification; peer referral ID PARTNER-NOTIFICATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; CLINICS; PROGRAM AB Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a health department-based peer referral program for identifying previously undiagnosed cases of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM). Design and methods: Between 2002 and 2005, 283 MSM peer recruiters were enrolled in a public health program in King County, Washington, USA. Peer recruiters were enrolled from a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic, an HIV clinic, via media advertisements and through collaboration with community-based organizations (CBO). The peer recruiters underwent a brief training and were then paid US$ 20 for each peer they referred to be tested for HIV, STD and viral hepatitis. Peers were paid US$ 20 for being tested. The main outcome measure was the number of new cases of HIV identified and cost per case of HIV identified. Results: Recruiters referred 498 peers for HIV, STD and hepatitis testing. Among 438 peers not previously diagnosed with HIV, 22 (5%) were HIV positive, of whom 18 received their HIV test results. Other infections were variably prevalent among tested peers: gonorrhea [23/307 (8%)], chlamydia [6/285 (2%)], syphilis [1/445 (0.2%)], hepatitis C [61/198 (31%)], surface antigen positive hepatitis B [8/314(3%)]. Excluding the costs of testing for viral hepatitis and STDs other than HIV, the cost per new HIV case identified was US$ 4929. During the same period, the cost per new case of HIV detected through bathhouse-based HIV testing and through the county's largest CBO-based HIV testing program were US$ 8250 and US$ 11 481, respectively. Conclusions: Peer referral is an effective means of identifying new cases of HIV among MSM. (c) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC USA. Ctr AIDS & STD, Washington, DC USA. Univ Washington, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Golden, MR (reprint author), Harborview Med Ctr, Box 359777,325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM golden@u.washington.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI 01846] NR 27 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 3 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 15 BP 1961 EP 1968 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000247118.74208.6a PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 140MQ UT WOS:000244509800009 PM 16988518 ER PT J AU Gazzinelli, A Velasquez-Melendez, G Crawford, SB LoVerde, PT Correa-Oliveira, R Kloos, H AF Gazzinelli, Andrea Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Crawford, Sara B. LoVerde, Philip T. Correa-Oliveira, Rodrigo Kloos, Helmut TI Socioeconomic determinants of schistosomiasis in a poor rural area in Brazil SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE Schistosoma mansoni; socioeconomic factors; rural environment; Brazil ID WATER-CONTACT-BEHAVIOR; MANSONI INFECTION; ENDEMIC AREA; EXPOSURE; HAEMATOBIUM; PREVALENCE AB The objective of this paper is to identify and quantify socioeconomic determinants of Schistosoma mansoni infection in the rural area of Virgem das Graqas in Minas Gerais State of Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis in relation to socioeconomic characteristics of the households. Log-binomial regression analysis was used to examine the data on both the household and individual levels, analyzing the prevalence ratios for the association of schistosomiasis and socioeconomic variables related to the head of the household. Multiple comparisons through mixed effect modeling were used to examine the relationship between intensity of infection (geometric mean egg counts) and different levels of socioeconomic variables, respectively. In the univariate analysis, place of residence, number of persons per room, and lack of motorized transport were associated with schistosomiasis at the household level and age and unsafe water contact at the individual level. Age, unsafe water contact, number of persons per room, household possessions and lack of education of head of household remained significant predictors of schistosomiasis in the multivariable analysis. Only age was significantly associated with intensity of infection of individuals. It is concluded that widespread poverty, the rural environment, and weak socioeconomic differentiation that result in intense contact with infective water appear to minimize the protective effect of piped water supply and other socioeconomic parameters on schistosormasis found in other studies. The potential role of socioeconomic development in conjunction with schistosomiasis control is described and areas for further studies are identified. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Nursing, Escola Enfermagem, BR-30130100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Gazzinelli, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Nursing, Escola Enfermagem, Av Alfredo Balena 190, BR-30130100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM andreag@enf.ufmg.br FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW006580]; NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI045451]; PHS HHS [A145451] NR 37 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2-3 BP 260 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.09.001 PG 12 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 122GH UT WOS:000243213200018 PM 17045559 ER PT J AU Rhodes, SD Hergenrather, KC Montano, J Remnitz, IM Arceo, R Bloom, FR Leichliter, JS Bowden, WP AF Rhodes, Scott D. Hergenrather, Kenneth C. Montano, Jaime Remnitz, Ivan M. Arceo, Ramiro Bloom, Fred R. Leichliter, Jami S. Bowden, W. Patrick TI Sing community-based participatory research to develop an intervention to reduce HIV and STD infections among Latino men SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTH; PREVENTION; MIGRANTS; WORKERS; RISK; SEX AB Although the Latino community living in the United States has been disproportionately affected by the intersecting epidemics of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), the development, implementation, and evaluation of HIV and STD prevention interventions designed to reduce infection among Latinos lags behind prevention efforts targeting other communities. HoMBReS: Hombres Manteniendo Bienestar y Relaciones Saludables is a sexual risk reduction intervention designed to reduce HIV and STD infection among recently arrived, noil-English-speaking Latino men who are members of a multicounty Latino soccer league in central North Carolina, a region of the United States with both the fastest growing Latino population and disproportionate HIV and STD infection rates. HoMBReS was developed in partnership with the local Latino community using community-based participatory research (CBPR). We describe (a) the CBPR partnership history and further expansion; (b) the development of the intervention through the integration of collected formative data, theoretical considerations, and findings from the scientific literature; and (c) lessons learned while using a CBPR approach to develop HoMBReS. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Social Sci & Hlth Policy, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Maya Angelou Res Ctr Minor Hlth, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Counseling Human Org Studies, Washington, DC USA. Chatham Social Hlth Council, Siler City, NC USA. Chatham Social Hlth Network, Chatham Communities Act, Siler City, NC USA. El Vinculo Hispano Hispan Liaison, Siler City, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Albany Med Coll, Div HIV Med, Albany, NY 12208 USA. RP Rhodes, SD (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Social Sci & Hlth Policy, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM srhodes@wfubmc.edu NR 43 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 18 IS 5 BP 375 EP 389 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.5.375 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 092DV UT WOS:000241078100001 PM 17067250 ER PT J AU McDougal, JS Parekh, BS Peterson, ML Branson, BM Dobbs, T Ackers, M Gurwith, M AF McDougal, J. Steven Parekh, Bharat S. Peterson, Michael L. Branson, Bernard M. Dobbs, Trudy Ackers, Marta Gurwith, Marc TI Comparison of HIV type 1 incidence observed during longitudinal follow-up with incidence estimated by cross-sectional analysis using the BED capture enzyme immunoassay SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; SEROINCIDENCE; SURVEILLANCE; STRATEGY; TRENDS; ASSAY AB The BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED CEIA) for recent infection was developed for the estimation of HIV-1 incidence in a population from a single cross-sectional survey. To evaluate performance, we applied the assay to specimen sets obtained from a longitudinal cohort study, the AIDSVAX B/B vaccine trial, in which there was an independent and conventional measure of observed incidence. The BED CEIA was performed on specimens obtained during follow-up for seroconversion conducted every 6 months for 3 years. There was excellent agreement between the observed and BED- estimated incidence for all the intervals. The cumulative, annualized incidence observed in the cohort was 3.10 new infections per 100 person-years (95% CI, 2.57-3.63). The corresponding BED- estimated incidence was 2.91 (2.30-3.53). We also estimated the effect of varied prevalence on a fixed incidence. Because some specimens from persons with longer-term infection are classified as recent by the assay, this can inflate the incidence estimate. We quantify this effect and discuss potential mitigation by excluding certain specimens on clinical grounds, by relying on trend differences rather than absolute incidence estimates, by secondary confirmatory testing, or by analytic adjustments for misclassification. Cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation circumvents many of the drawbacks associated with longitudinal cohort studies, but there are test-specific limitations that should be considered in the design of population surveys. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. VaxGen Inc, Brisbane, CA 94005 USA. RP McDougal, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop A25 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JSM3@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 106 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 22 IS 10 BP 945 EP 952 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.22.945 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 101FV UT WOS:000241726000004 PM 17067263 ER PT J AU Ioannidis, JPA Trikalinos, TA Khoury, MJ AF Ioannidis, John P. A. Trikalinos, Thomas A. Khoury, Muin J. TI Implications of small effect sizes of individual genetic variants on the design and interpretation of genetic association studies of complex diseases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE association; genes; meta-analysis; odds ratio; polymorphism, genetic ID HUMAN GENOME EPIDEMIOLOGY; SAMPLE-SIZE; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; METAANALYSIS; FALSE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENOTYPE; BIAS AB Accumulated evidence from searching for candidate gene-disease associations of complex diseases can offer some insights as the field moves toward discovery-oriented approaches with massive genome-wide testing. Meta-analyses of 50 non-human lymphocyte antigen gene-disease associations with documented overall statistical significance (752 studies) show summary odds ratios with a median of 1.43 (interquartile range, 1.28-1.65). Many different biases may operate in this field, for both single studies and meta-analyses, and these biases could invalidate some of these seemingly "validated" associations. Studies with a sample size of > 500 show a median odds ratio of only 1.15. The median sample size required to detect the observed summary effects in each population addressed in the 752 studies is estimated to be 3,535 (interquartile range, 1,936-9,119 for cases and controls combined). These estimates are steeply inflated in the presence of modest bias. Population heterogeneity, as well as gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, could steeply increase these estimates and may be difficult to address even by very large biobanks and observational cohorts. The one visible solution is for a large number of teams to join forces on the same research platforms. These collaborative studies ideally should be designed up front to also assess more complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. C1 Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ioannidis, JPA (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. EM jioannid@cc.uoi.gr RI Trikalinos, Thomas/A-1217-2009; Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011 NR 32 TC 140 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 7 BP 609 EP 614 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj259 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 086UH UT WOS:000240698000001 PM 16893921 ER PT J AU Jia, HM Link, M Holt, J Mokdad, AH Li, L Levy, PS AF Jia, Haomiao Link, Michael Holt, James Mokdad, Ali H. Li, Lei Levy, Paul S. TI Monitoring county-level vaccination coverage during the 2004-2005 influenza season SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SMALL-AREA ESTIMATION; LINEAR MIXED MODELS AB Background: During the 2004-2005 influenza season, the United States faced a sudden shortage of influenza vaccine. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended prioritizing vaccination for persons aged 65 and older and others at high risk. To monitor subsequent vaccination coverage, several questions about influenza vaccination were added to the ongoing Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This study provided real-time county-level estimates of influenza vaccination coverage from the BRFSS each month from October 2004 through January 2005. Method: The methods used a variation of small area estimation procedures suitable for situations in which most small areas have few or no survey respondents, and rapid assessment is essential. Both model-based methods and nonparametric spatial-smoothing methods were used in a three-step procedure. Results: The highest vaccination rates during the 2004-2005 influenza season were seen in the upper Midwest and the Southeast. Areas with the lowest vaccination rates were the intermountain West, southern California, portions of Washington and Oregon, and various areas across the Eastern United States, often coinciding with urban areas. Intrastate variations were especially pronounced in the Eastern United States, particularly in Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, Virginia, and New York. These states all had areas with low immunization rates as well as areas with high rates. Conclusions: The results showed that vaccination coverage varied significantly across states and substate regions. Our findings show that this methodology can provide estimates with reasonable reliability for planning during public health emergencies. C1 Mercer Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Med, Macon, GA 31207 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Jia, HM (reprint author), Mercer Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Med, 1550 Coll St, Macon, GA 31207 USA. EM haomia@yahoo.com NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.06.005 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 089JT UT WOS:000240877400001 PM 16979450 ER PT J AU Lindley, MC Wortley, PM Winston, CA Bardenheier, BH AF Lindley, Megan C. Wortley, Pascale M. Winston, Carla A. Bardenheier, Barbara H. TI The role of attitudes in understanding disparities in adult influenza vaccination SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ELDERLY MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; RACIAL/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES; IMMUNIZATION; RATES; OUTPATIENTS; VALIDATION; BEHAVIOR AB Background: Racial/ethnic disparities in influenza vaccine coverage of adults aged 65 years and older persist even after controlling for access, healthcare utilization, and socioeconomic status. Differences in attitudes toward vaccination may help explain these disparities. The purpose of this study was to describe patient characteristics and attitudes toward influenza vaccination among whites and African Americans aged 65 years and older, and to examine their effect on racial disparities in vaccination coverage. Methods: A cross-sectional telephone survey of Medicare beneficiaries in five U.S. sites, sampled on race/ethnicity and ZIP code. Multivariate analysis controlling for demographics, healthcare utilization, and attitudes toward influenza vaccination was conducted in 2005 to assess racial disparities in vaccine coverage during the 2003-2004 season. Results: The analysis included 1859 white and 1685 African-American respondents; 79% of whites versus 50% of African Americans reported influenza vaccination in the past year (p < 0.00001). Both vaccinated and unvaccinated African Americans were significantly less likely than whites to report positive attitudes toward influenza vaccination. Even among respondents with provider recommendations, respondents with positive attitudes were more likely to be vaccinated than those with negative attitudes. After multivariate adjustment, African Americans had significantly lower odds of influenza vaccination than whites (odds ratio=0.55, 95% confidence interval=0.42-0.72). Conclusions: A significant gap in vaccination coverage between African Americans and whites persisted even after controlling for specific respondent attitudes. Future research should focus on other factors such as vaccine-seeking behavior. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lindley, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MLindley@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.06.025 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 089JT UT WOS:000240877400002 PM 16979451 ER PT J AU Kyaw, MH Greene, CM Schaffner, W Ray, SM Shapiro, M Barrett, NL Gershman, K Craig, AS Roberson, A Zell, ER Schuchat, A Bennett, NM Whitney, CG AF Kyaw, Moe H. Greene, Carolyn M. Schaffner, William Ray, Susan M. Shapiro, Miriam Barrett, Nancy L. Gershman, Ken Craig, Allen S. Roberson, Angela Zell, Elizabeth R. Schuchat, Anne Bennett, Nancy M. Whitney, Cynthia G. CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Adults with invasive pneumococcal disease - Missed opportunities for vaccination SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID HOSPITAL-BASED INFLUENZA; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; PHYSICIAN; PREVENTION; EFFICACY; BARRIERS; PROGRAM AB Background: The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) can prevent invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the elderly and those with certain underlying illnesses. However, vaccine uptake remains suboptimal. Identification of missed opportunities for vaccination could guide new strategies for improving uptake. Missed opportunities for vaccination were defined as one or more visits to a hospital, emergency room (ER), or main provider in the 2 years before infection among unvaccinated, adult IPD case-patients with a vaccine indication. Methods: Adults aged 18 years or older with IPD were identified in six Active Bacterial Core surveillance/Emerging Infections Program Network sites during a 1-year period in 2001 to 2003. Using chart review, patient/proxy interview, a main provider questionnaire, and vaccine questionnaires from additional providers, data were collected on demographics, vaccine indications, vaccine status, and recent healthcare encounters. Results: A total of 1878 cases were enrolled, and 83% had a vaccine indication. Of the 1177 cases with a vaccine indication and sufficient information on recent healthcare encounters, 617 (52%) were unvaccinated. Of these, 566 (92%) had one or more opportunities for vaccination, 54% were hospitalized, 58% had ER visits, and 76% visited their main provider in the 2 years before illness. The number of visits to main providers (median = 6) was higher than hospitalizations (median = 1), and ER visits (median = 1). Conclusions: One or more missed opportunities for vaccination were documented in nearly all unvaccinated IPD case-patients with a vaccine indication. Most visited their main provider multiple times. Implementation of systematic PPV programs in outpatient settings will likely increase pneumococcal vaccine uptake among high-risk adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Ctr Rochester Hlth, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Monroe Cty Dept Hlth, Rochester, NY USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Kyaw, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MKyaw@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.06.007 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 089JT UT WOS:000240877400003 PM 16979452 ER PT J AU Schulden, J Chen, JR Kresnow, MJ Arias, I Crosby, A Mercy, J Simon, T Thomas, P Davies-Cole, J Blythe, D AF Schulden, Jeffrey Chen, Jieru Kresnow, Marcie-jo Arias, Ileana Crosby, Alexander Mercy, James Simon, Thomas Thomas, Peter Davies-Cole, John Blythe, David TI Psychological responses to the sniper attacks - Washington DC area, October 2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SEPTEMBER-11 TERRORIST ATTACKS; NEW-YORK-CITY AB Background: This study assessed the psychological and behavioral responses of residents of the Washington DC metropolitan area to the October 2002 sniper shootings, as well as the association between measures of exposure to the shootings and elevated traumatic stress symptoms. Methods: Random-digit-dial telephone survey of 1205 adults living in Washington DC and two surrounding counties during the shootings, conducted May 2003. Main outcome measures included self-reports regarding traumatic stress symptoms, perceptions of safety, behavioral responses, and exposures to incidents. Results: Forty-five percent of residents reported going to public spaces such as parks and shopping centers less than usual, and 5.5% reported missing at least 1 day of work because of the sniper attacks. Women who reported living within 5 miles of any shooting incident were significantly more likely to report elevated traumatic stress symptoms-consistent with a probable diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder-than women who reported living farther from incidents (odds ratio = 4.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.9-9.3). Among men, there was no significant association between reported residential proximity and elevated traumatic stress symptoms. Conclusions: These results suggest the substantial behavioral and psychological impact that traumatic events such as these sniper shootings can have on communities. They support the importance of clinicians and community leaders addressing psychological functioning in the setting of such events that threaten a population. The results further suggest that women who report residing closest to such incidents are at greatest risk for experiencing elevated symptoms of traumatic stress, and perhaps warrant special attention. C1 Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. District Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Schulden, J (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jschulden@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 BP 324 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.06.014 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 089JT UT WOS:000240877400008 PM 16979457 ER PT J AU Bauman, AE Nelson, DE Pratt, M Matsudo, V Schoeppe, S AF Bauman, Adrian E. Nelson, David E. Pratt, Michael Matsudo, Victor Schoeppe, Stephanie TI Dissemination of physical activity evidence, programs, policies, and surveillance in the international public health arena SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diffusion and Dissemination of Physical Activity Recommendations and Programs to World Populations CY 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP Cooper Inst ID PROMOTION RESEARCH; DIFFUSION; INTERVENTIONS; INNOVATIONS AB The concepts of dissemination can be applied to the international challenges of promoting physical activity. With the 2004 release of the World Health Organization Global Strategy for Diet and Physical Activity, risk factor reduction and noncommunicable disease control are of global health interest. A six-step framework is proposed for understanding the attributes of successful international dissemination. These include the development of clear and evidence based resources or innovations, defining the target audience, selecting communication channels, engaging decision makers, and developing evaluation frameworks around dissemination. Four case studies to illustrate aspects of the framework are presented: (1) learning from dissemination of effective tobacco control initiatives, (2) the experience of developing global measures and surveillance systems for physical activity, (3) case stud), of disseminating the Agita program-an effective community wide intervention, and (4) disseminating the World Health Organization Global Strategy on Diet and Physical Activity. Substantial similarities across the experiences described in these case studies suggest underlying common themes for international dissemination, but developing a stronger evidence base for dissemination efforts remains a research priority. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Phys Activ & Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. CELAFISCS Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Bauman, AE (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Phys Activ & Hlth, Level 2,Bldg K25, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM adrianb@health.usyd.edu.au RI Matsudo, Victor/E-8122-2013 OI Matsudo, Victor/0000-0003-3552-486X NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP S57 EP S65 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.06.026 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 090ND UT WOS:000240957100008 PM 16979470 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ AF Paulozzi, Leonard J. TI Opioid analgesic involvement in drug abuse deaths in American metropolitan areas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB I measured the role of opioid analgesics in drug abuse-related deaths in a consistent panel of 28 metropolitan areas from the Drug Abuse Warning Network. The number of reports of opioid analgesics increased 96.6% from 1997 to 2002; methadone, oxycodone, and unspecified opioid analgesics accounted for 74.3% of the increase. Oxycodone reports increased 727.8% (from 72 to 596 reports). By 2002, opioid analgesics were noted more frequently than were heroin or cocaine. Dramatic increases in the availability of such opioids have made their abuse a major, growing problem. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lbp4@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2006 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1755 EP 1757 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.071647 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 089OX UT WOS:000240891200013 PM 17008568 ER PT J AU Abe, K Mertz, KJ Powell, KE Hanzlick, RL AF Abe, Karon Mertz, Kristen J. Powell, Kenneth E. Hanzlick, Randy L. TI Characteristics of Black and White suicide decedents in Fulton County, Georgia, 1988-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN SUICIDE; NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; YOUTH SUICIDE; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; GENDER; DEPRESSION; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS AB Objectives. We compared the prevalence of risk factors for Black and White suicide decedents in Fulton County, Georgia, from 1988-2002. Methods. We used data from the Fulton County Medical Examiner's Office to compile information on suicides that occurred in Fulton County between 1988 and 2002. We used the chi(2) test and logistic regression to identify associations between suicide risk factors and race. Results. Black suicide decedents were more likely than White suicide decedents to be male (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38, 3.09), to be younger, (<= 24 y [OR=4.74; 95% CI=2.88, 7.81]; 25-34 y [OR=2.79; 95% CI = 1.74, 4.471; 35-44 y [OR 1.86; 95% CI = 1.13, 3.071), and to hurt others in a suicide (OR = 4.22; 95% CI 1.60, 11.15) but less likely to report depression (OR=0.63; 95% CI = 0.48, 0.83), to have a family history of suicide (OR=0.08; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.61), or to leave a suicide note (OR=0.37; 95% CI =0.26, 0.52). Conclusions. Future research should consider that Black suicide decedents are less likely to report depression than White suicide decedents. This suicide risk difference is important when developing effective suicide prevention programs. C1 Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Fulton Cty Med Examiners Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abe, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kabe@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2006 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1794 EP 1798 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.082131 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 089OX UT WOS:000240891200021 PM 17008575 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Whitaker, DJ Pippen, CB Leeb, RT Teplin, LA Abram, KM McClelland, GM AF Swahn, Monica H. Whitaker, Daniel J. Pippen, Courtney B. Leeb, Rebecca T. Teplin, Linda A. Abram, Karen M. McClelland, Gary M. TI Concordance between self-reported maltreatment and court records of abuse or neglect among high-risk youths SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; JUVENILE DETENTION; PHYSICAL MALTREATMENT; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; ADOLESCENCE; HEALTH; SERVICES; CARE AB Objectives. We examined the concordance between measures of self-reported maltreatment and court records of abuse or neglect in a sample of detained youths. Methods. Data were collected by the Northwestern Juvenile Project and include interviews from 1829 youths aged 10-18 years. Participants were newly detained youths in the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center in Illinois between 1995 and 1998. Self-reported cases of child maltreatment were compared with court records of abuse or neglect in the Cook County judicial system. Results. We found that among detained youths, 16.6% of those who reported any maltreatment, 22.2% of those who reported the highest level of maltreatment, and 25.1% of those who reported that they required medical treatment as a result of maltreatment had a court record of abuse or neglect. Among those with any self-reported maltreatment, girls (vs boys) and African Americans (vs Whites) were more likely to have a court record (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53, 3.09; and AOR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.23, 3.63, respectively). Conclusions. Official records seriously underestimate the prevalence of maltreatment, which indicates that multiple data sources are needed to document the true prevalence of maltreatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Violence Prevent,Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Co, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Northwestern Univ, Pyscho Legal Studies Program, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Psychol & Behav Sci, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Swahn, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Violence Prevent,Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Co, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mswahn@cdc.gov RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009; Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885; FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA028763]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01MH54197, R01MH59463, R01 MH059463] NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2006 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1849 EP 1853 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.058230 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 089OX UT WOS:000240891200029 PM 17008582 ER PT J AU Wolitski, RJ AF Wolitski, Richard J. CA Project START Writing Grp TI Relative efficacy of a multisession sexual risk-reduction intervention for young men released from prisons in 4 states SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION CASE-MANAGEMENT; HIV PREVENTION; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; INMATES; HEALTH; BEHAVIOR; WOMEN; PERSPECTIVES; PREDICTORS; PROVIDERS AB Objectives. We compared the effects of an enhanced multisession intervention with a single-session intervention on the sexual risk behavior of young men released from prison. Methods. Young men, aged 18 to 29 years, were recruited from US prisons in 4 states and systematically assigned to the prerelease single-session intervention or the pre- and postrelease enhanced intervention. Both interventions addressed HIV, hepatitis, and other sexually transmitted infections; the enhanced intervention also addressed community reentry needs (e.g., housing, employment). Assessment data were collected before intervention, and 1, 12, and 24 weeks after release. Results. A total of 522 men were included in intent-to-treat analyses. Follow-up rates ranged from 76% to 87%. Unprotected vaginal or anal sex during the 90 days before incarceration was reported by 86% of men in the enhanced intervention and 89% in the single-session intervention (OR = 0.78; 95% CI =0.46,1.32). At 24 weeks, 68% of men assigned to the enhanced intervention reported unprotected vaginal or anal sex compared with 78% of those assigned to the single-session intervention (OR=0.40; 95% CI = 0.18, 0.88). Conclusion. Project START demonstrated the efficacy of a sexual risk-reduction intervention that bridges incarceration and community reentry. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wolitski, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rwolitski@cdc.gov RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 NR 42 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2006 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1854 EP 1861 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.056044 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 089OX UT WOS:000240891200030 PM 17008583 ER PT J AU Ryan, JR Stoute, JA Amon, J Dunton, RF Mtalib, R Koros, J Owour, B Luckhart, S Wirtz, RA Barnwell, JW Rosenberg, R AF Ryan, Jeffrey R. Stoute, Jose A. Amon, Joseph Dunton, Raymond F. Mtalib, Ramadhan Koros, Joseph Owour, Boaz Luckhart, Shirley Wirtz, Robert A. Barnwell, John W. Rosenberg, Ronald TI Evidence for transmission of Plasmodium vivax among a Duffy antigen negative population in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BLOOD-GROUP; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEINS; MALARIAL PARASITES; MOLECULAR BEACONS; BINDING-PROTEIN; SPOROZOITES; FALCIPARUM; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB We present evidence that a parasite with characteristics of Plasmodium vivax is being transmitted among Duffy blood group-negative inhabitants of Kenya. Thirty-two of 4,901 Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus (0.65%) collected in Nyanza Province were ELISA positive for the P. vivax circumsporozoite protein VK 247. All positives were found late in the rainy season, when An. funestus predominated, and disproportionately many were found at a single village. A P. vivax specific sequence of the SSU rRNA gene was amplified from three of six ELISA-positive mosquitoes. Erythrocytes from 31 children, including 9 microscopically diagnosed as infected with P. vivax, were negative by flow cytometry for the Fy3 or Fy6 epitopes, which indicate Duffy blood group expression. A DNA fragment specific for the C terminus of the gene for P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) was amplified from the blood of four of these children and subsequently sequenced from two. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Resp Med Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rosenberg, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Quetzal6E@netscape.net; jose.stoute@us.army.mil; amonj@hrw.org; raymond.dunton@amedd.army.mil; sluckhart@ucdavis.edu; bew5@cdc.gov; wzb3@cdc.gov; rrosenberg@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 75 IS 4 BP 575 EP 581 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 094BM UT WOS:000241214100001 PM 17038676 ER PT J AU Eliades, MJ Wolkon, A Morgah, K Crawford, SB Dorkenoo, A Sodahlon, Y Hawley, WA Hightower, AW Ter Kuile, FO Terlouw, DJ AF Eliades, M. James Wolkon, Adam Morgah, Kodjo Crawford, Sara B. Dorkenoo, Ameyo Sodahlon, Yao Hawley, William A. Hightower, Allen W. Ter Kuile, Feiko O. Terlouw, Dianne J. TI Burden of malaria at community level in children less than 5 years of age in Togo SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID KASSENA-NANKANA DISTRICT; NORTHERN GHANA; OESOPHAGOSTOMUM-BIFURCUM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SEVERE ANEMIA AB A community-based baseline cross-sectional survey was conducted in three districts in Togo in September 2004 as part of a multidisciplinary evaluation of the impact of the Togo National Integrated Child Health Campaign. During this campaign, long-lasting-insecticide-treated bed nets (LLITNs) were distributed to households with children between 9 months and 5 years of age throughout the country in December 2004. The pre-intervention survey provided baseline malaria and anemia prevalence in children < 5 years of age during peak malaria transmission. Of 2,532 enrolled children from 1,740 households, 62.2% (1,352/2,172) were parasitemic and 84.4% (2,129/2,524) were anemic (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL). Moderate-to-severe anemia (< 8.0 g/dL) was found in 21.7% (543/2,524), with a peak prevalence in children 6-17 months of age and was strongly correlated with parasitemia (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.8-2.5). Net ownership (mainly untreated) was 225/2,532 (8.9%). Subsequent nation-wide introduction of LLITNs and the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy have the potential to markedly reduce this burden of malaria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Togo Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Program, Lome, Togo. RP Eliades, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bvz9@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 75 IS 4 BP 622 EP 629 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 094BM UT WOS:000241214100008 PM 17038683 ER PT J AU Blackburn, BG Eigege, A Gotau, H Gerlong, G Miri, E Hawley, WA Mathieu, E Richards, F AF Blackburn, Brian G. Eigege, Abel Gotau, Habila Gerlong, George Miri, Emmanuel Hawley, William A. Mathieu, Els Richards, Frank TI Successful integration of insecticide-treated bed net distribution with mass drug administration in Central Nigeria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PERENNIAL MALARIA TRANSMISSION; ROLL BACK MALARIA; WESTERN KENYA; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; CHILD-MORTALITY; PREGNANT-WOMEN; BEDNETS; MORBIDITY; PROGRAM; AFRICA AB In Africa anopheline mosquitoes transmit malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF); insecticide-treated bed nets significantly reduce transmission of both. Insecticide-treated bed net provision to children under 5 (U5) and pregnant women (PW) is a major goal of malaria control initiatives, but use in Africa remains low because of cost and logistics. We therefore integrated insecticide-treated bed net distribution with the 2004 LF/onchocerciasis mass drug administration (MDA) program in Central Nigeria. Community volunteers distributed 38,600 insecticide-treated bed nets, while simultaneously treating 150,800 persons with ivermectin/albendazole (compared with 135,600 in 2003). This was subsequently assessed with a 30-cluster survey. Among surveyed households containing U5/PW, 80% (95% CI, 72-87%) owned >= 1 insecticide-treated bed net, a 9-fold increase from 2003. This first linkage of insecticide-treated bed net distribution with mass drug administration resulted in substantial improvement in insecticide-treated bed net ownership and usage, without adversely affecting mass drug administration coverage. Such integration allowed two programs to share resources while realizing mutual benefit, and is one model for rapidly improving insecticide-treated bed net coverage objectives. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Carter Ctr, Jos, Nigeria. RP Blackburn, BG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 300 Pasteur Dr,Grant Bldg Room S-169, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM blackburn@stanford.edu NR 26 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 75 IS 4 BP 650 EP 655 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 094BM UT WOS:000241214100013 PM 17038688 ER PT J AU Kipp, AM Lehman, JA Bowen, RA Fox, PE Stephens, MR Klenk, K Komar, N Bunning, ML AF Kipp, Aaron M. Lehman, Jennifer A. Bowen, Richard A. Fox, Patricia E. Stephens, Michael R. Klenk, Kaci Komar, Nicholas Bunning, Michel L. TI West Nile virus quantification in feces of experimentally infected American and fish crows SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; BIRDS; PATHOGENICITY; CHICKENS AB To better understand the potential environmental health risk presented by West Nile virus (WNV)contaminated feces, we quantified the amount of WNV present in the feces of experimentally infected American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and fish crows (Corvus ossifragus). Peak fecal titers ranged from 10(3.5) to 10(8.8) plaque-forming units (PFU)/g for 10 American crows and from 10(2.3) to 10(6.4) PFU/g for 10 fish crows. The presence of infectious WNV in bird feces indicates a potential for direct transmission of WNV. Thus, handlers of sick or dead birds should take appropriate precautions to avoid exposure to fecal material. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM jalehman@cdc.gov; nck6@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 75 IS 4 BP 688 EP 690 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 094BM UT WOS:000241214100020 PM 17038695 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Koss, T Eremeeva, ME Dasch, GA Zaki, SR Sumner, JW AF Paddock, Christopher D. Koss, Tamara Eremeeva, Marina E. Dasch, Gregory A. Zaki, Sherif R. Sumner, John W. TI Isolation of Rickettsia akari from eschars of patients with rickettsialpox SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED-FEVER; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASES; TYPHUS; BIOTERRORISM; TRAVELERS; OUTBREAK AB Rickettsialpox is a cosmopolitan, mite-borne, spotted fever rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia akari. The disease is characterized by a primary eschar, fever, and a papulovesicular rash. Rickettsialpox was first identified in New York City in 1946 and the preponderance of recognized cases in the United States continues to originate from this large metropolitan center. The most recently isolated U.S. strain of R. akari was obtained more than a half century ago. We describe the culture and initial characterization of five contemporaneous isolates of R. akari obtained from eschar biopsy specimens from New York City patients with rickettsialpox. This work emphasizes the importance and utility of culture- and molecular-based methods for the diagnosis of rickettsialpox and other eschar-associated illnesses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Dermatol, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mailstop G-32,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CPaddock@cdc.gov; tamarakoss@yahoo.com; MEremeeva@cdc.gov; GDasch@cdc.gov; S.Zaki@cdc.gov; JSumner@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 75 IS 4 BP 732 EP 738 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 094BM UT WOS:000241214100028 PM 17038703 ER PT J AU Bern, C Amann, J Haque, R Chowdhury, R Ali, M Kurkjian, KM Vaz, L Wagatsuma, Y Breiman, RF Secor, WE Maguire, JH AF Bern, Caryn Amann, Josef Haque, Rashidul Chowdhury, Rajib Ali, Mustakim Kurkjian, Katie M. Vaz, Louise Wagatsuma, Yukiko Breiman, Robert F. Secor, W. Evan Maguire, James H. TI Loss of leishmanin skin test antigen sensitivity and potency in a longitudinal study of visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INDIAN KALA-AZAR; HUMAN-POPULATION; EASTERN SUDAN; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CANINE LEISHMANIASIS; INFECTION; ETHIOPIA; FOCUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DONOVANI AB Annual leishmanin skin test (LST) surveys were conducted in a visceral leishmaniasis-endemic Bangladeshi community from 2002 through 2004, using Leishmania infantum antigen from the same manufacturer and batch. In 2002, 530 (35%) of 1,532 had positive LST results; the prevalence increased with increasing age. The LST result was positive in 24 (51%) of 47, 18 (72%) of 25, and 11 (85%) of 13 kala-azar patients treated in the previous 1-11, 12-23, and 24-35 months. A positive LST result in 2002 was associated with protection against subsequent kala-azar (P < 0.0001). In 2003-2004, decreased antigen sensitivity was observed. Among 686 participants, 34% were LST-positive in 2002, 29% in 2003, and 19% in 2004. Of 63 cured kala-azar patients, 70% were positive in 2002, 53% in 2003, and only 30% in 2004. Among 171 participants tested with both antigens, L. infantum study antigen sensitivity was 70% compared with L. amazonensis antigen. Our data underscore the need for better production, standardization, and documentation of sensitivity, potency, and stability of leishmanin antigens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. ICDDR, B Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CBern@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 75 IS 4 BP 744 EP 748 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 094BM UT WOS:000241214100030 PM 17038705 ER PT J AU Fitch, MT Benfield, J Hargraves, J Ferrario, CM Ayala, C Lekiachvili, A Neilberg, R Cline, DM AF Fitch, M. T. Benfield, J. Hargraves, J. Ferrario, C. M. Ayala, C. Lekiachvili, A. Neilberg, R. Cline, D. M. TI Hospital admission rate for chest pain: Are racial differences due to bias or disease characteristics? SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 15-16, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevens, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 SU S MA 139 BP S44 EP S44 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 090NQ UT WOS:000240958400142 ER PT J AU Qin, X Razia, Y Johnson, JR Stapp, JR Boster, DR Tsosie, T Smith, DL Braden, CR Gay, K Angulo, FJ Tarr, PI AF Qin, Xuan Razia, Yasmin Johnson, James R. Stapp, Jennifer R. Boster, Daniel R. Tsosie, Treva Smith, Donna L. Braden, Christopher R. Gay, Kathryn Angulo, Frederick J. Tarr, Phillip I. TI Ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli in the fecal microflora of children SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; URINARY-TRACT INFECTIONS; DAY-CARE-CENTERS; FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANT; TRIMETHOPRIM-RESISTANT; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; RETAIL FOODS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CAMPYLOBACTER AB The extent to which antibiotic-resistant bacteria are excreted by humans who have not been exposed to antibiotics is not known. Children, who rarely receive fluoroquinolones, provide opportunities to assess the frequency of fecal excretion by fluoroquinolone-naive hosts of fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Fresh nondiarrheal stools from children were processed by screening them on agar containing ciprofloxacin to recover ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Resistant isolates were identified, and ciprofloxacin MICs were determined. Resistant Escherichia coli isolates were also analyzed for urovirulence-associated loci. Thirteen (2.9%) of 455 stools yielded ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli (seven children), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (four children), and Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Enterobacter aerogenes (one child each). Neither the subjects themselves nor members of their households used fluoroquinolones in the 4 weeks preceding collection. Six of the seven resistant E. coli isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups B2 and D, in which extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli bacteria are frequently found. All resistant E. coli isolates contained at least three putative E. coli virulence loci. Most ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria were resistant to additional antibiotics. Potentially pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to therapeutically important antimicrobial agents are excreted by some humans, despite these persons' lack of exposure to the particular drugs. The sources of these resistant organisms are unknown. This underrecognized reservoir of drug-resistant potential pathogens poses public health challenges. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA USA. Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Gastroenterol, Seattle, WA USA. VA Med Ctr, Mucosal & Vaccine Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN USA. Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO USA. RP Tarr, PI (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Campus Box 8208,660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM tarr@wustl.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI047499, AI47499]; PHS HHS [CCU015040] NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 50 IS 10 BP 3325 EP 3329 DI 10.1128/AAC.00548-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 091IX UT WOS:000241021700014 PM 17005812 ER PT J AU Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Burans, JP Beecher, DJ Cebula, TA Chakraborty, R Cobb, WT Fletcher, J Hale, ML Harris, RB Heitkamp, MA Keller, FP Kuske, C LeClerc, JE Marrone, BL McKenna, TS Morse, SA Rodriguez, LL Valentine, NB Yadev, J AF Budowle, Bruce Schutzer, Steven E. Burans, James P. Beecher, Douglas J. Cebula, Thomas A. Chakraborty, Ranajit Cobb, William T. Fletcher, Jacqueline Hale, Martha L. Harris, Robert B. Heitkamp, Michael A. Keller, Frederick Paul Kuske, Cheryl LeClerc, Joseph E. Marrone, Babetta L. McKenna, Thomas S. Morse, Stephen A. Rodriguez, Luis L. Valentine, Nancy B. Yadev, Jagjit TI Quality sample collection, handling, and preservation for an effective microbial forensics program SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS CONTAMINATION; SPECIMEN COLLECTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; QUANTITATIVE PCR; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; BACTERIA; GLYCEROL; BIOTERRORISM; VIABILITY AB Science can be part of an effective investigative response to a bioterrorism event or a biocrime by providing capabilities to analyze biological and associated signatures in collected evidence. Microbial forensics, a discipline comprised of several scientific fields, is dedicated to the analysis of evidence from such criminal acts to help determine the responsible party and to exonerate the innocent (6). A partnership among a number of government agencies, academia, and the private sector has been formed to better respond to and deter potential perpetrators of bioterrorism or biocrimes. This partnership leverages our national scientific and analytical capabilities to support activities of law enforcement agencies. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), whose mission is, in part, to respond to and to prevent acts of terrorism against the United States, has established the National Bioforensics Analysis Center (NBFAC) (4,6). The NBFAC, in partnership with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), (i) provides a state-of-the-art central laboratory for analysis of microbial forensic evidence and (ii) serves as a nexus for integrating the national resources to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement in obtaining the highest level of attribution possible in criminal cases where the weapon is a biological agent. One approach used by the NBFAC to establish a sound foundation, to foster communication, and to facilitate integration across government and other agencies is to promote independent meetings, which address specific needs and provide a forum for input from the broader scientific community, on the best scientific practices in microbial forensics (5). As part of this ongoing effort, a series of meetings sponsored by DHS were held at the Banbury Center of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, to address specific issues for the enhancement of microbial forensic capability. One such meeting, held on 16 to 19 October 2005, focused on the collection, handling, and storage of samples. These issues had been identified at previous meetings (5, 6) as some of the most critical issues confronting a crime scene investigation and subsequent analysis of evidence. The participants represented diverse scientific entities within academia, the private sector, the national laboratories, and several federal agencies (Central Intelligence Agency, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, DHS, FBI, Food and Drug Administration, and U.S. Department of Agriculture), some of which have been involved in evidence collection for purposes related to forensics, public health, or plant and animal health. The collection and preservation of microbial forensic evidence are paramount to efficient and successful investigation and attribution. If evidence (when available) is not collected, degrades, or is contaminated during collection, handling, transport, or storage, the downstream characterization and attribution analyses may be compromised. Retrieving sufficient quantities and maintaining the integrity of the evidence increase the chances of being able to characterize the material to obtain the highest level of attribution possible. This paper presents issues related to the practices of sample collection, handling, transportation, and storage and includes recommendations for future directions for the field of microbial forensics and people participating in it. The recommendations apply to the NBFAC, as well as to other facilities and practitioners. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Fed Bur Invest, Div Labs, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. Dept Homeland Secur, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. US FDA, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Cobb Consulting Serv, Kennewick, WA 99336 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Commonwealth Biotechnol Inc, Richmond, VA 23235 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USDA ARS, FADDL, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Div Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schutzer, SE (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, MSB E543,185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM schutzer@umdnj.edu NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 72 IS 10 BP 6431 EP 6438 DI 10.1128/AEM.01165-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 093LR UT WOS:000241170300001 PM 17021190 ER PT J AU Pate, RR Wang, CY Dowda, M Farrell, SW O'Neill, JR AF Pate, Russell R. Wang, Chia-Yih Dowda, Marsha Farrell, Stephen W. O'Neill, Jennifer R. TI Cardiorespiratory fitness levels among US youth 12 to 19 years of age - Findings from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; AEROBIC CAPACITY; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; OVERWEIGHT; ADULTHOOD; EXERCISE; INSULIN; FATNESS AB Objectives: To assess cardiorespiratory fitness levels in youth aged 12 to 19 years and to examine associations between fitness and age, sex, race/ethnicity, and self-reported physical activity in this age group. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey's mobile examination center, throughout the United States from 1999-2002. Participants: A representative sample of 4732 youth aged 12 to 19 years was examined; 3287 completed the treadmill test and were included in the analysis. The National Center for Health Statistics conducted the survey. Main Exposures: Age, sex, race/ethnicity, weight status, self-reported physical activity, and television viewing. Main Outcome Measure: Estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) determined by a submaximal treadmill exercise test. Results: Estimated VO2max (mL (.) kg(-1) (.) min(-1)) was higher in males (mean +/- SE, 46.4 +/- 0.4) than in females (mean +/- SE, 38.7 +/- 0.3) but did not differ across race/ethnicity groups. Among males, older participants had higher VO2max values, while in females, younger participants had higher values. For both males and females, those in the normal weight group had higher fitness levels than those in the at risk for overweight and overweight groups. Approximately one third of both males and females failed to meet recommended standards for cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusions: In US youth, cardiorespiratory fitness is lower in males and females who are overweight than in those of normal weight, but fitness is not related to race/ethnicity. Youth who have low levels of physical activity and high levels of sedentary behavior are also more likely to have lower cardiorespiratory fitness. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Cooper Inst, Dallas, TX USA. RP Pate, RR (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM rpate@gwm.sc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [5R01HL057775]; NICHD NIH HHS [5R01HD043125] NR 56 TC 114 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 160 IS 10 BP 1005 EP 1012 DI 10.1001/archpedi.160.10.1005 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090FI UT WOS:000240935600001 PM 17018458 ER PT J AU Purcell, DW AF Purcell, David W. TI Sexual abuse of males: The SAM model of theory and practice SO ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Purcell, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dhp8@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0004-0002 J9 ARCH SEX BEHAV JI Arch. Sex. Behav. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 621 EP 623 DI 10.1007/s10508-006-9069-8 PG 3 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 098SD UT WOS:000241542200012 ER PT J AU Hughes, GJ Kuzmin, IV Schmitz, A Blanton, J Manangan, J Murphy, S Rupprecht, CE AF Hughes, G. J. Kuzmin, I. V. Schmitz, A. Blanton, J. Manangan, J. Murphy, S. Rupprecht, C. E. TI Experimental infection of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) with Eurasian bat lyssaviruses Aravan, Khujand, and Irkut virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL RABIES INFECTION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCE; TISSUE; RNA AB Here we describe the results of experimental infections of captive big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) with three newly isolated bat lyssaviruses from Eurasia (Aravan, Khujand, and Irkut viruses). Infection of E. fuscus was moderate (total, 55-75%). There was no evidence of transmission to in-contact cage mates. Incubation periods for Irkut virus infection were significantly shorter (p < 0.05) than for either Aravan or Khujand virus infections. In turn, quantification of viral RNA by TaqMan PCR suggests that the dynamics of Irkut virus infection may differ from those of Aravan/Khujand virus infection. Although infectious virus and viral RNA were detected in the brain of every rabid animal, dissemination to non-neuronal tissues was limited. Levels of viral RNA in brain of Aravan/Khujand virus-infected bats was significantly correlated with the number of other tissues positive by TaqMan PCR (p < 0.05), whereas no such relationship was observed for Irkut virus infection (where viral RNA was consistently detected in all tissues other than kidney). Infectious virus was isolated sporadically from salivary glands, and both infectious virus and viral RNA were obtained from oral swabs. The detection of viral RNA in oral swabs suggests that viral shedding in saliva occurred < 5 days before the onset of clinical disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyr5@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 151 IS 10 BP 2021 EP 2035 DI 10.1007/s00705-005-0785-0 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 087DR UT WOS:000240723300010 PM 16705370 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Lisi, A Bower, C Canfield, MA Dattani, N De Vigan, C De Walle, H Erickson, DJ Halliday, J Irgens, LM Lowry, RB McDonnel, R Metneki, J Poetzsch, S Ritvanen, A Robert-Gnansia, E Siffel, C Stoll, C Mastroiacovo, P AF Botto, Lorenzo D. Lisi, Alessandra Bower, Carol Canfield, Mark A. Dattani, Nirupa De Vigan, Catherine De Walle, Hermien Erickson, David J. Halliday, Jane Irgens, Lorentz M. Lowry, R. Brian McDonnel, Robert Metneki, Julia Poetzsch, Simone Ritvanen, Annukka Robert-Gnansia, Elisabeth Siffel, Csaba Stoll, Claude Mastroiacovo, Pierpaolo TI Trends of selected malformations in relation to folic acid recommendations and fortification: An international assessment SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; prevention; epidemiology; folic acid; public health ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOOD FORTIFICATION; BIRTH PREVALENCE; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; SUPPLEMENTATION; VITAMIN; CANADA; RATES AB Background: Two crucial issues relative to the benefits and impact of folic acid in the prevention of birth defects are whether supplementation recommendations alone, without fortification, are effective in reducing the population-wide rates of neural tube defects (NTDs), and whether such policies can reduce the occurrence of other birth defects. Using data from 15 registries, we assessed rates and trends of 14 major defects, including NTDs, in areas with official recommendations or fortification to assess the effectiveness of recommendations and fortification on a wide range of major birth defects. METHODS: We evaluated surveillance data through 2003 on major birth defects from population-based registries from Europe, North America, and Australia. All included ascertainment of pregnancy terminations (where legal). Trends before and after policies or fortification were assessed via Poisson regression and were compared via rate ratios. RESULTS: Significant changes in trends were seen for NTDs in areas with fortification but not in areas with supplementation recommendations alone. For other major birth defects, there was an overall lack of major trend changes after recommendations or fortification. However, some significant declines were observed for select birth defects in individual areas. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations alone remain an ineffective approach in translating the known protective effect of folic acid in population-wide decline in NTD rates. Fortification appears to be effective in reducing NTDs. The effect on other birth defects remains unclear. C1 Ctr Int Clearinghouse Birth Surveillance & Res, I-00195 Rome, Italy. Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Utah Birth Defect Network, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. King Edward Mem Hosp Women, Western Australia Birth Defects Registry, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. Off Natl Stat, London, England. INSERM, U149, Paris Birth Defects Registry, F-94800 Villejuif, France. Univ Groningen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Genet, EUROCAT No Netherlands, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Human Serv, Birth Defects Register Publ Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Med Birth Registry, Bergen, Norway. Alberta Hlth & Wellness, Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance Syst, Calgary, AB, Canada. Dr Steevens Hosp, Dublin EUROCAT Registry Congenital Anomalies, Populat Hlth Directorate, Hlth Serv Execut, Dublin, Ireland. Natl Ctr Epidemiol, Dept Human Genet & Teratol, Hungarian Congenital Abnormal Registry, Budapest, Hungary. Otto Von Guericke Univ, Fac Med, Malformat Monitoring Saxony Anhalt, Magdeburg, Germany. Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth, STAKES, Finnish Register Congenital Malformat, Helsinki, Finland. Inst Europeen Genomutat, Lyon, France. Fac Med, Lab Genet Med, Strasbourg, France. RP Mastroiacovo, P (reprint author), Ctr Int Clearinghouse Birth Surveillance & Res, Via Carlo Mirabello 19, I-00195 Rome, Italy. EM icbd@icbd.org FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU207141] NR 28 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 76 IS 10 BP 693 EP 705 DI 10.1002/bdra.20307 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 099JX UT WOS:000241591400001 PM 17029289 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Chen, HC Correa, A Devine, O Mathews, TJ Honein, MA AF Yang, Quanhe Chen, Huichao Correa, Adolfo Devine, Owen Mathews, T. J. Honein, Margaret A. TI Racial differences in infant mortality attributable to birth defects in the United States, 1989-2002 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; infant mortality; racial disparity ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; TEXAS-MEXICO BORDER; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; SPINA-BIFIDA; SURVIVAL; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; CHILDHOOD; DISEASE AB Background: The objective is to study racial differences in infant mortality attributable to birth defects (IMBD) in the United States. METHODS: We analyzed 1989-1991 and 1995-2002 linked birth/death files for trends and racial differences in IMBD by selected categories of birth defects for infants of non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic mothers. RESULTS: In 1989-2002, the IMBD rates declined. However, the decline in postneonatal mortality attributable to birth defects (PMBD) rate was significantly slower than that of overall postneonatal mortality. The adjusted rate ratio for non-Hispanic black and Hispanic versus non-Hispanic white for neonatal mortality attributable to birth defects (NMBD) remained unchanged from 1989-1991 through 2000-2002. For PMBD, it increased from 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.13) in 1989-1991 to 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04-1.21) in 2001-2002 and from 1.08 (95% CI, 1.00-1.16) to 1.18 (95% CI, 1.10-1.27) for non-Hispanic black and Hispanic, respectively. Infant mortality due to cardiovascular and central nervous system defects were the main contributors to the increased racial disparities in PMBD rates. CONCLUSIONS: The disparity in PMBD between infants of non-Hispanic black and Hispanic mothers and infants of non-Hispanic white mothers increased significantly from 1989-1991 to 2000-2002. Further studies are needed to assess the extent to which delays in care or lack of access to care for infants with birth defects might be contributing to the disparity in IMBD. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM qay0@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 76 IS 10 BP 706 EP 713 DI 10.1002/bdra.20308 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 099JX UT WOS:000241591400002 PM 17022030 ER PT J AU von Gottberg, A de Gouveia, L Madhi, SA du Plessis, M Quan, V Soma, K Huebner, R Flannery, B Schuchat, A Klugman, KP AF von Gottberg, A. de Gouveia, L. Madhi, S. A. du Plessis, M. Quan, V. Soma, K. Huebner, R. Flannery, B. Schuchat, A. Klugman, K. P. CA GERMS-SA TI Impact of conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine introduction in South Africa SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID DISEASE BURDEN; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CHILDREN; INFECTIONS; IMMUNIZATION; MENINGITIS; PREVENTION; PNEUMONIA; SURVEILLANCE; EXPERIENCE AB Objective To analyse trends in reported invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in South Africa within the first five years of introduction of conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in the routine child immunization schedule. Methods We used national laboratory-based surveillance data to identify cases of invasive H. influenzae disease between July 1999 and June 2004, and submitted isolates for serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Findings The absolute number of Hib cases (reported to the national surveillance system) among children below one year of age decreased by 65%, from 55 cases in 1999-2000 to 19 cases in 2003-04. Enhanced surveillance initiated in 2003, identified human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection and incomplete vaccination as contributing factors for Hib transmission. The total number of laboratory-confirmed cases of H. influenzae remained unchanged because non-type b disease was being increasingly reported to the surveillance system concomitant with system enhancements. Children with non-typable disease were more likely to be HIV-positive (32 of 34, 94%) than children with Hib disease (10 of 14, 71%), P = 0.051. Recent Hib isolates were more likely to be multidrug resistant (2% in 1999-2000 versus 19% in 2003-04, P = 0.001). Conclusion Data from a newly established national laboratory-based surveillance system showed a decrease in Hib disease burden among South African children following conjugate vaccine introduction and identified cases of non-typable disease associated with HIV infection. C1 Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, RMPRU, ZA-2131 Gauteng, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP von Gottberg, A (reprint author), Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, RMPRU, Private Bag X4, ZA-2131 Gauteng, South Africa. EM annev@nicd.ac.za FU PHS HHS [U60/CCU022088] NR 41 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 84 IS 10 BP 811 EP 818 DI 10.2471/BLT.06.030361 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 092XM UT WOS:000241130900012 PM 17128361 ER PT J AU Abrahamson, PE Gammon, MD Lund, MJ Flagg, EW Porter, PL Stevens, J Swanson, CA Brinton, LA Eley, JW Coates, RJ AF Abrahamson, Page E. Gammon, Marilie D. Lund, Mary Jo Flagg, Elaine W. Porter, Peggy L. Stevens, June Swanson, Christine A. Brinton, Louise A. Eley, J. William Coates, Ralph J. TI General and abdominal obesity and survival among young women with breast cancer SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; WEIGHT-GAIN; RISK; FAT; DIAGNOSIS; SIZE; AGE; PREMENOPAUSAL AB Among postmenopausal women, obesity is linked to increased risk of breast cancer and poorer subsequent survival. For premenopausal women, obesity may reduce incidence, but less is known about its effect on prognosis, particularly for abdominal obesity. This study investigated whether general or abdominal obesity at diagnosis influenced survival in a cohort of young women with breast cancer. A population-based follow-up study was conducted among 1,254 women ages 20 to 54 who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1990 and 1992 in Atlanta or New Jersey. Women were interviewed within several months of diagnosis and asked about their weight and height at age 20 and in the year before diagnosis. Study personnel did anthropometric measures at the interview. With 8 to 10 years of follow-up, all-cause mortality status was determined using the National Death Index (n = 290 deaths). Increased mortality was observed for women who were obese [body mass index (BMI), >= 30] at the time of interview compared with women of ideal weight [BMI, 18.5-24.9; stage- and income-adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.48; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.09-2.01]. A similar result was seen for the highest versus lowest quartile of waist-to-hip ratio (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.05-2.19). Strong associations with mortality were found for women who were obese at age 20 (HR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.15-5.37) or who were overweight/obese (BMI, >= 25) at both age 20 and the time of interview (HR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.45-3.40). This study provides evidence that breast cancer survival is reduced among younger women with general or abdominal obesity. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Off Dis Prevent, Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Abrahamson, PE (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol, 1100 Fairview Ave N,M4-B402, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM pabraham@fhcrc.org RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [R25 CA94880]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES10126] NR 60 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1871 EP 1877 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0356 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 099SU UT WOS:000241616800020 PM 17035393 ER PT J AU Baccarelli, A Hirt, C Pesatori, AC Consonni, D Patterson, DG Bertazzi, PA Dolken, G Landi, MT AF Baccarelli, Andrea Hirt, Carsten Pesatori, Angela C. Consonni, Dario Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Bertazzi, Pier Alberto Doelken, Gottfried Landi, Maria Teresa TI t(14;18) translocations in lymphocytes of healthy dioxin-exposed individuals from Seveso, Italy SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID NON-HODGKIN-LYMPHOMA; SOLID-WASTE INCINERATOR; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; BCL-2/J(H) TRANSLOCATION; FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA; FREQUENCY; ACCIDENT; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; CANCER AB Dioxin exposure has been associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in epidemiological investigations. The NHL-related t(14;18) translocations can be detected at a low copy number in lymphocytes from healthy subjects. Exposure to NHL-associated carcinogens, such as dioxin or pesticides, may cause expansion of t(14;18)-positive clones. We investigated prevalence and frequency of circulating t(14;18)-positive lymphocytes in 144 healthy subjects from a population exposed to dioxin [plasma TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) range: < 1.7-475.0 parts per trillion (p.p.t.)] after the Seveso, Italy, accident of 1976. t(14;18) translocations were measured in DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes by high-sensitivity real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that the frequency, but not the prevalence, of t(14;18) translocation-positive cells increased with increasing plasma TCDD. Among t(14;18)-positive subjects (n = 50;34.7%), the mean number of t(14;18) translocations/10(6) lymphocytes was 4.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.9-6.2] in subjects with plasma TCDD < 10.0 p.p.t., 8.1 (95% CI, 4.9-13.3) in subjects with plasma TCDD between 10.0 and 50.0 and 12.5 (95% CI, 7.4-21.1) in subjects with plasma TCDD between 50.0 and 475.0 p.p.t. (P-trend = 0.003). As expected, t(14;18) frequency was associated with cigarette smoking and was highest in subjects who smoked for >= 16 years (mean = 12.6; 95% CI, 7.4-21.3; P = 0.01). Higher t(14;18) prevalence was found among individuals with fair hair color (P = 0.01) and light eye color (P = 0.04). No significant association between t(14;18)-and age was found. Our results show that dioxin exposure is associated with increased number of circulating t(14;18) positive cells. Whether this change in t(14;18) frequency is an indicator of elevated lymphoma risk remains speculative and needs further investigation for its potential impact on public health. C1 Univ Milan, EPOCA Res Ctr Occupat Clin & Environm Epidemiol, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Osped Maggiore, IRCCS, Policlin, Milan, Italy. NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Greifswald, Med Ctr, Dept Hematol & Oncol, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Landi, MT (reprint author), NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 7114, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM landim@mail.nih.gov RI bertazzi, pietro alberto/D-5039-2017; OI bertazzi, pietro alberto/0000-0003-3475-2449; Baccarelli, Andrea/0000-0002-3436-0640; pesatori, angela/0000-0002-0261-3252 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 47 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2001 EP 2007 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgl011 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 090CF UT WOS:000240927500008 PM 16543249 ER PT J AU Panteghini, M Myers, GL Miller, WG Greenberg, N AF Panteghini, Mauro Myers, Gary L. Miller, W. Greg Greenberg, Neil CA IFCC TI The importance of metrological traceability on the validity of creatinine measurement as an index of renal function SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE calibration; creatinine; glomerular filtration rate; kidney function tests; reference standards; traceability ID GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SERUM CREATININE; MDRD FORMULA; STANDARDIZATION; CALIBRATION; ACCURACY; ASSAY; RECOMMENDATIONS AB The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is currently considered the best overall index of kidney function. The possibility that laboratories might routinely report an estimated GFR has become practically feasible with the development of a formula, the "four-variable'' Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study (MDRD) equation that uses age, sex, race, and serum creatinine parameters. However, a limitation of this equation for general implementation in healthcare is related to the use of differently calibrated creatinine measurement procedures among laboratories. The only way to achieve universal implementation of the GFR prediction equation, with the associated clinical benefits for patients, is, therefore, to promote worldwide standardization of methods to determine creatinine, together with the introduction of a revised GFR-estimating equation appropriate for use with standardized creatinine methods. C1 Univ Milan, Cattedra Biochim Clin & Biol Mol Clin, Dipartimento Sci Clin Luigi Sacco, Milan, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA USA. Ortho Clin Diagnost, Rochester, NY USA. RP Panteghini, M (reprint author), Osped L Sacco, Lab Anal Chim Clin, Via GB Grassi, I-20157 Milan, Italy. EM sd.chair@ifcc.org NR 38 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 10 BP 1287 EP 1292 DI 10.1515/CCLM.2006.234 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 093TU UT WOS:000241193900019 ER PT J AU Klein, EJ Boster, DR Stapp, JR Wells, JG Qin, X Clausen, CR Swerdlow, DL Braden, CR Tarr, PI AF Klein, Eileen J. Boster, Daniel R. Stapp, Jennifer R. Wells, Joy G. Qin, Xuan Clausen, Carla R. Swerdlow, David L. Braden, Christopher R. Tarr, Phillip I. TI Diarrhea etiology in a children's hospital emergency department: A prospective cohort study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; TOXIN; GASTROENTERITIS; ASTROVIRUS; NETHERLANDS; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; PREVALENCE AB Background. We evaluated the frequency of recovery of pathogens from children with diarrhea who presented to a pediatric emergency department and characterized the associated illnesses, to develop guidelines for performing a bacterial enteric culture. Methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study of all patients with diarrhea who presented to a large regional pediatric emergency department during the period from November 1998 through October 2001. A thorough microbiologic evaluation was performed on stool specimens, and the findings were correlated with case, physician, and laboratory data. Results. A total of 1626 stool specimens were studied to detect diarrheagenic bacteria and, if there was a sufficient amount of stool, Clostridium difficile toxin (688 specimens), parasites (656 specimens), and viruses (417 specimens). One hundred seventy-six (47%) of 372 specimens that underwent complete testing yielded a bacterial pathogen (Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, 39 specimens [of which 28 were serotype O157: H7]; Salmonella species, 39; Campylobacter species, 25; Shigella species, 14; and Yersinia enterocolitica, 2), a viral pathogen (rotavirus, 85 specimens; astrovirus, 27; adenovirus, 18; or rotavirus and astrovirus, 8), a diarrheagenic parasite (5 specimens); or C. difficile toxin (46 specimens). Samples from 2 patients yielded both bacterial and viral pathogens. A model to identify predictors of bacterial infection found that international travel, fever, and the passing of 110 stools in the prior 24 h were associated with the presence of a bacterial pathogen. Physician judgment regarding the need to perform a stool culture was almost as accurate as the model in predicting bacterial pathogens. Conclusions. Nearly one-half of the patients who presented to the emergency department with diarrhea had a definite or plausible pathogen in their stool specimens. We were unable to develop a model that was substantially better than physician judgment in identifying patients for whom bacterial culture would yield positive results. The unexpectedly high rate of C. difficile toxin warrants further examination. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Edward Mallinckrodt Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tarr, PI (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Edward Mallinckrodt Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Box 8208,600 S Euclid, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM tarr@wustl.edu FU PHS HHS [CCU015040] NR 24 TC 95 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 7 BP 807 EP 813 DI 10.1086/507335 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 080MY UT WOS:000240253200001 PM 16941358 ER PT J AU Bern, C Adler-Moore, J Berenguer, J Boelaert, M den Boer, M Davidson, RN Figueras, C Gradoni, L Kafetzis, DA Ritmeijer, K Rosenthal, E Royce, C Russo, R Sundar, S Alvar, J AF Bern, Caryn Adler-Moore, Jill Berenguer, Juan Boelaert, Marleen den Boer, Margriet Davidson, Robert N. Figueras, Concepcion Gradoni, Luigi Kafetzis, Dimitris A. Ritmeijer, Koert Rosenthal, Eric Royce, Catherine Russo, Rosario Sundar, Shyam Alvar, Jorge TI Liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; KALA-AZAR; LIPID COMPLEX; SECONDARY PROPHYLAXIS; PENTAVALENT ANTIMONY; RISK-FACTORS; AMBISOME; MULTICENTER AB During the past decade, liposomal amphotericin B has been used with increasing frequency to treat visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The World Health Organization convened a workshop to review current knowledge and to develop guidelines for liposomal amphotericin B use for VL. In Europe, liposomal amphotericin B is widely used to treat VL. In Africa and Asia, the VL disease burden is high and drug access is poor; liposomal amphotericin B is available only through preferential pricing for nonprofit groups in East Africa. Clinical trials and experience demonstrate high efficacy and low toxicity for liposomal amphotericin B (total dose, 20 mg/ kg) in immunocompetent patients with VL. Combination trials in areas with antileishmanial drug resistance, and treatment and secondary prophylaxis trials in VL-human immunodeficiency virus-coinfected patients, are important to safeguard the current armamentarium and to optimize regimens. The public health community should work to broaden access to preferential liposomal amphotericin B pricing by public sector VL treatment programs. C1 WHO, Neglected Trop Dis Control, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. Hosp Gen Gregorio Maranon, E-28007 Madrid, Spain. Hosp Gen Valle Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Med Sans Frontieres Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Northwick Pk Hosp & Clin Res Ctr, Dept Infect & Trop Med, Harrow HA1 3UJ, Middx, England. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Malattie Infett, Catania, Italy. Kyriakou Childrens Hosp, Athens, Greece. Univ Nice, Archet Hosp & Equipes Rech Sur Leishmanioses, F-06108 Nice 2, France. WHO, Drugs Neglected Dis Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Alvar, J (reprint author), WHO, Neglected Trop Dis Control, Ave Apia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM alvarj@who.int RI Boelaert, Marleen/E-2698-2012; GRADONI, LUIGI/C-4962-2016 OI Boelaert, Marleen/0000-0001-8051-6776; NR 44 TC 165 Z9 170 U1 2 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 7 BP 917 EP 924 DI 10.1086/507530 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 080MY UT WOS:000240253200020 PM 16941377 ER PT J AU Swanson, SJ Neitzel, D Reed, KD Belongia, EA AF Swanson, Stephen J. Neitzel, David Reed, Kurt D. Belongia, Edward A. TI Coinfections acquired from Ixodes ticks SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; BURGDORFERI-SENSU-LATO; BABESIA-MICROTI INFECTION; BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; SPIROCHETES BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; COEXISTENT LYME-DISEASE; WHITE-FOOTED MICE; HIGH-RISK GROUPS; NEW-YORK-STATE; RICINUS TICKS AB The pathogens that cause Lyme disease (LD), human anaplasmosis, and babesiosis can coexist in Ixodes ticks and cause human coinfections. Although the risk of human coinfection differs by geographic location, the true prevalence of coinfecting pathogens among Ixodes ticks remains largely unknown for the majority of geographic locations. The prevalence of dually infected Ixodes ticks appears highest among ticks from regions of North America and Europe where LD is endemic, with reported prevalences of <= 28% In North America and Europe, the majority of tick-borne coinfections occur among humans with diagnosed LD. Humans coinfected with LD and babesiosis appear to have more intense, prolonged symptoms than those with LD alone. Coinfected persons can also manifest diverse, influenza-like symptoms, and abnormal laboratory test results are frequently observed. Coinfecting pathogens might alter the efficiency of transmission, cause cooperative or competitive pathogen interactions, and alter disease severity among hosts. No prospective studies to assess the immunologic effects of coinfection among humans have been conducted, but animal models demonstrate that certain coinfections can modulate the immune response. Clinicians should consider the likelihood of coinfection when pursuing laboratory testing or selecting therapy for patients with tick-borne illness. C1 Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Epidemiol Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Investig & Control, St Paul, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belongia, EA (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Epidemiol Res Ctr, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM belongia.edward@marshfieldclinic.org NR 228 TC 144 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 19 IS 4 BP 708 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.00011-06 PG 22 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 097KW UT WOS:000241447400006 PM 17041141 ER PT J AU Teo, CG AF Teo, Chong Gee TI Hepatitis E indigenous to economically developed countries: to what extent a zoonosis? SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE aging; hepatitis; jaundice; meat products; zoonosis ID E VIRUS-INFECTION; FULL-LENGTH GENOME; WILD BOAR MEAT; UNITED-STATES; SPORADIC ACUTE; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; BLOOD-DONORS; WIDESPREAD INFECTION; NON-A; UNDERDIAGNOSED PHENOMENON AB Purpose of review Hepatitis E, a disease transmitted by hepatitis E virus, is increasingly recognized as being indigenous to affluent, temperate-zone countries. Issues pertaining to disease acquisition and hepatitis E virus infection, particularly in Western countries, are reviewed and highlighted. Recent findings Clinical hepatitis E in the West, as in Japan, manifests more commonly in older people (> 60 years) and in men, but fulminant hepatitis appears less frequent than in Japan. There, specific gastronomic and culinary risk factors associated with disease are being identified, but in the West, data implicating hepatitis E as being foodborne have yet to emerge. While hepatitis E virus subgenomic sequences in Western case patients are found to be closely related to swine hepatitis E virus, a porcine linkage to their infection remains to be established. Weak associations between occupational contact with pigs and risk of infection have been noted. Findings from earlier studies implicating animals that cohabitate with humans as reservoirs, and sewage as vehicles of infection await confirmation. Summary Hepatitis E indigenous to developed countries is a distinct clinico-epiderniological entity. Humans, animals, food and the environment contribute and interact to cause human disease, and to sustain hepatitis E virus endemicity and enzooticity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Teo, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM enz0@cdc.gov NR 120 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 19 IS 5 BP 460 EP 466 DI 10.1097/01.qco.0000244052.61629.49 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 089RP UT WOS:000240898600010 PM 16940870 ER PT J AU Vong, S Coghlan, B Mardy, S Holl, D Seng, H Ly, S Miller, MJ Buchy, P Froehlich, Y Dufourcq, JB Uyeki, TM Lim, W Sok, T AF Vong, Sirenda Coghlan, Benjamin Mardy, Sek Holl, Davun Seng, Heng Ly, Sovann Miller, Megge J. Buchy, Philippe Froehlich, Yves Dufourcq, Jean Baptiste Uyeki, Timothy M. Lim, Wilina Sok, Touch TI Low frequency of poultry-to-human H5NI virus transmission, Southern Cambodia, 2005 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA-A H5N1; HONG-KONG; INFECTION; EVOLUTION; ANTIBODY; DISEASE; RISK; ASIA AB To understand transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus, we conducted a retrospective survey of poultry deaths and a seroepidemiologic investigation in a Cambodian village where a 28-year-old man was infected with H5N1 virus in March 2005. Poultry surveys were conducted within a 1-km radius of the patient's household. Forty-two household flocks were considered likely to have been infected from January through March 2005 because > 60% of the flock died, case-fatality ratio was 100%, and both young and mature birds died within 1 to 2 days. Two sick chickens from a property adjacent to the patient's house tested positive for H5N1 on reverse transcription-PCR. Villagers were asked about poultry exposures in the past year and tested for H5N1 antibodies. Despite frequent, direct contact with poultry suspected of having H5N1 virus infection, none of 351 participants from 93 households had neutralizing antibodies to H5N1. H5N1 virus transmission from poultry to humans remains low in this setting. C1 Inst Pasteur, Epidemiol Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. WHO, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Burnet Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Minist Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Minist Hlth, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Food & Agr Org United Nat, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Calmette Hosp, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hong Kong Dept Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Vong, S (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Epidemiol Unit, 5 Blvd Monivong, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. EM svong@pasteur-kh.org NR 20 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1542 EP 1547 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 089VS UT WOS:000240910200010 PM 17176569 ER PT J AU Prosser, LA Bridges, CB Uyeki, TM Hinrichsen, VL Meltzer, MI Molinari, NAM Schwartz, B Thompson, WW Fukuda, K Lieu, TA AF Prosser, Lisa A. Bridges, Carolyn Buxton Uyeki, Timothy M. Hinrichsen, Virginia L. Meltzer, Martin I. Molinari, Noelle-Angelique M. Schwartz, Benjamin Thompson, William W. Fukuda, Keiji Lieu, Tracy A. TI Health benefits, risks, and cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination of children SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; VIRUS; PREVENTION; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; EFFICACY; ILLNESS; RECOMMENDATIONS AB We estimated cost-effectiveness of annually vaccinating children not at high risk with inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) to range from US $12,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) saved for children ages 6-23 months to $119,000 per QALY saved for children ages 12-17 years. For children at high risk (preexisting medical conditions) ages 6-35 months, vaccination with IN was cost saving. For children at high risk ages 3-17 years, vaccination cost $1,000-$10,000 per QALY. Among children not at high risk ages 5-17 years, live, attenuated influenza vaccine had a similar cost-effectiveness as IIV. Risk status was more important than age in determining the economic effects of annual vaccination, and vaccination was less cost-effective as the child's age increased. Thus, routine vaccination of all children is likely less cost-effective than vaccination of all children ages 6-23 months plus all other children at high risk. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Prosser, LA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM lprosspr@hms.harvard.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [K24 HD047667] NR 40 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1548 EP 1558 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 089VS UT WOS:000240910200011 PM 17176570 ER PT J AU Dubberke, ER Reske, KA McDonald, LC Fraser, VJ AF Dubberke, Erik R. Reske, Kimberly A. McDonald, L. Clifford Fraser, Victoria J. TI ICD-9 codes and surveillance for Clostridium difficile-associated disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; COLITIS; DEATH; TRENDS AB We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare Clostridium difficile-associated disease rates determined by C. difficile-toxin assays and International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes. The correlation between toxin assay results and ICD-9 codes was good (kappa=0.72, p < 0.01). The sensitivity of the ICD-9 codes was 78% and the specificity was 99.7%. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Barnes Jewish Hosp, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Dubberke, ER (reprint author), Campus Box 8051,660 S Euclid, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM edubberk@im.wustl.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU715087-06/1]; PHS HHS [1U01C1000333-01] NR 13 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1576 EP 1579 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 089VS UT WOS:000240910200017 PM 17176576 ER PT J AU Xiang, ZQ Li, Y Cun, A Yang, W Ellenberg, S Switzer, WM Kalish, ML Ertl, HCJ AF Xiang, Zhiquan Li, Yan Cun, Ann Yang, Wei Ellenberg, Susan Switzer, William M. Kalish, Marcia L. Ertl, Hildegund C. J. TI Chimpanzee adenovirus antibodies in humans, sub-Saharan Africa SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VACCINE VECTOR; VIRUS; PRIMATES; IMMUNOGENICITY; SEROTYPES; AIDS; GAG AB Human sera from the United States, Thailand, and sub-Saharan Africa and chimpanzee sera were tested for neutralizing antibodies to 3 chimpanzee adenoviruses. Antibodies were more common in humans residing in sub-Saharan Africa than in humans living in the United States or Thailand. This finding suggests cross-species transmission of chimpanzee adenoviruses. C1 Wistar Inst Anat & Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ertl, HCJ (reprint author), Wistar Inst Anat & Biol, 3601 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM ertl@wistar.upenn.ed RI Yang, Wei/A-9223-2009 OI Yang, Wei/0000-0001-8984-4389 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5P01AI052271-04, P01 AI052271] NR 15 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1596 EP 1599 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 089VS UT WOS:000240910200023 PM 17176582 ER PT J AU Popovic, T AF Popovic, Tanja TI Alex Langmuir and CDC - In response SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D50, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM txp1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1619 EP 1619 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 089VS UT WOS:000240910200037 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Everything flows. Nothing stands still. SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1628 EP 1629 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 089VS UT WOS:000240910200041 ER PT J AU Prince, MM Ruder, AM Hein, MJ Waters, MA Whelan, EA Nilsen, N Ward, EM Schnorr, TM Laber, PA Davis-King, KE AF Prince, Mary M. Ruder, Avima M. Hein, Misty J. Waters, Martha A. Whelan, Elizabeth A. Nilsen, Nancy Ward, Elizabeth M. Schnorr, Teresa M. Laber, Patricia A. Davis-King, Karen E. TI Mortality and exposure response among 14,458 electrical capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cancer; electrical capacitor manufacturing; liver cancer; mortality; occupational exposure; PCBs; polychlorinated biphenyls; prostate cancer ID NON-HODGKIN-LYMPHOMA; NESTED CASE-CONTROL; CANCER-MORTALITY; PROSTATE-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; UTILITY WORKERS; RISK; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; UPDATE; COHORT AB BACKGROUND: We expanded an existing cohort of workers (n = 2,588) considered highly exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at two capacitor manufacturing plants to include all workers with at least 90 days of potential PCB exposure during 1939-1977 (n = 14,458). Causes of death of a priori interest included liver and rectal cancers, previously reported for the original cohort, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), melanoma, and breast, brain, intestine, stomach, and prostate cancers, based on other studies. METHODS: We ascertained vital status of the workers through 1998, and cumulative PCB exposure was estimated using a new job exposure matrix. Analyses employed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs; U.S., state, and county referents) and Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS: Mortality from NHL, melanoma, and rectal, breast, and brain cancers were neither in excess nor associated with cumulative exposure. Mortality was not elevated for liver cancer [21 deaths; SMR 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55-1.361, but increased with cumulative exposure (trend p-value = 0.071). Among men, stomach cancer mortality was elevated (24 deaths; SMR 1.53; 95% CI, 0.98-2.28) and increased with cumulative exposure (trend p-value = 0.039). Among women, intestinal cancer mortality was elevated (67 deaths; SMR 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02-1.66), especially in higher cumulative exposure categories, but without a clear trend. Prostate cancer mortality, which was not elevated (34 deaths; SMR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.72-1.45), increased with cumulative exposure (trend p-value = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study corroborates previous studies showing increased liver cancer mortality, but we cannot clearly associate rectal, stomach, and intestinal cancers with PCB exposure. This is the first PCB cohort showing a strong exposure-response relationship for prostate cancer mortality. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ruder, AM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop R-16,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM arnr2@cdc.gov RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 48 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 114 IS 10 BP 1508 EP 1514 DI 10.1289/ehp.9175 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 090RW UT WOS:000240969700025 PM 17035134 ER PT J AU Schober, SE Mirel, LB Graubard, BI Brody, DJ Flegal, KM AF Schober, Susan E. Mirel, Lisa B. Graubard, Barry I. Brody, Debra J. Flegal, Katherine M. TI Blood lead levels and death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: Results from the NHANES III Mortality Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cancer; cardiovascular disease; lead; mortality; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); United States ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; RENAL-FUNCTION; UNITED-STATES; BONE LEAD; NATIONAL-HEALTH; HYPERTENSION; PRESSURE; EXPOSURE; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION AB BACKGROUND, Analyses of mortality data for participants examined in 1976-1980 in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) suggested an increased risk of mortality at blood lead levels > 20 mu g/dL. Blood lead levels have decreased markedly since the late 1970s. In NHANES III, conducted during 1988-1994, few adults had levels > 20 mu g/dL. OBJECTIVE: Our objective in this study was to determine the risk of mortality in relation to lower blood lead levels observed for adult participants of NHANES III. METHODS: We analyzed mortality information for 9,757 participants who had a blood lead measurement and who were > 40 years of age at the baseline examination. Using blood lead levels categorized as < 5, 5 to < 10, and >= 10 mu g/dL, we determined the relative risk of mortality from all causes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease through Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. RESULTS: Using blood lead levels < 5 mu g/dL as the referent, we determined that the relative risk of mortality from all causes was 1.24 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.48] for those with blood levels of 5-9 mu g/dL and 1.59 (95% CI, 1.28-1.98) for those with blood levels >= 10 mu g/dL (p for trend < 0.001). The magnitude of risk was similar for deaths due to cardiovascular disease and cancer, and tests for trend were statistically significant (p < 0.01) for both causes of death. CONCLUSION: In a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population, blood lead levels as low as 5-9 mu g/dL were associated with an increased risk of death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHS, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Stat, NHANES Program,CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Harris Corp, Falls Church, VA USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. RP Schober, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHS, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Stat, NHANES Program,CDC, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4210, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM SSchober@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 33 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 13 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 114 IS 10 BP 1538 EP 1541 DI 10.1289/ehp.9123 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 090RW UT WOS:000240969700030 PM 17035139 ER PT J AU Kerger, BD Leung, HW Scott, P Paustenbach, DJ Needham, LL Patterson, DG Gerthoux, PM Mocarelli, P AF Kerger, Brent D. Leung, Hon-Wing Scott, Paul Paustenbach, Dennis J. Needham, Larry L. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Gerthoux, Pier M. Mocarelli, Paolo TI Age- and concentration-dependent elimination half-life of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Seveso children SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE children; dioxin; elimination; half-life; model; pharmacokinetics ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; TCDD INTOXICATION; INCLUDING HUMANS; ADIPOSE TISSUES; BODY BURDEN; SERUM; TOXICOKINETICS; MAMMALIANS; ABSORPTION; KINETICS AB OBJECTIVE: Pharmacokinetic and statistical analyses are reported to elucidate key variables affecting 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) elimination in children and adolescents. DESIGN: We used blood concentrations to calculate TCDD elimination half-life. Variables examined by statistical analysis include age, latency from exposure, sex, TCDD concentration and quantity in the body, severity of chloracne response, body mass index, and body fat mass. PARTICIPANTS: Blood was collected from 1976 to 1993 from residents of Seveso, Italy, who were < 18 years of age at the time of a nearby trichlorophenol reactor explosion in July 1976. RESULTS: TCDD half-life in persons < 18 years of age averaged 1.6 years while those >= 18 years of age averaged 3.2 years. Half-life is strongly associated with age, showing a cohort average increase of 0.12 year half-life per year of age or time since exposure. A significant concentration-dependency is also identified, showing shorter half-lives for TCDD concentrations > 400 ppt for children < 12 years of age and 700 ppt when including adults. Moderate correlations are also observed between half-life and body mass index, body fat mass, TCDD mass, and chloracne response. CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents have shorter TCDD half-lives and a slower rate of increase in half-life than adults, and this effect is augmented at higher body burdens. RELEVANCE: Modeling of TCDD blood concentrations or body burden in humans should take into account the markedly shorter elimination half-life observed in children and adolescents and concentration-dependent effects observed in persons > 400-700 ppt. C1 Hlth Sci Resource Integrat, Tallahassee, FL USA. ChemRisk, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Milan Bicocca, Hosp Desio, Dept Lab Med, Milan, Italy. RP Kerger, BD (reprint author), DABT, 2976 Wellington Circle W, Tallahassee, FL 32309 USA. EM brentkerger@att.net RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 32 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 13 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 114 IS 10 BP 1596 EP 1602 DI 10.1289/ehp.8884 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 090RW UT WOS:000240969700040 PM 17035149 ER PT J AU Lu, CS Fenske, RA Barr, DB AF Lu, Chensheng Fenske, Richard A. Barr, Dana B. TI OP pesticides, organic diets, and children's health: Lu et al. respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lu, CS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM clu2@sph.emory.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 114 IS 10 BP A572 EP A573 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 090RW UT WOS:000240969700003 ER PT J AU Lambert, GH Needham, LL Turner, W Lai, TJ Patterson, DG Guo, YL AF Lambert, George H. Needham, Larry L. Turner, Wayman Lai, Te Jen Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Guo, Y. Leon TI Induced CYP1A2 activity as a phenotypic biomarker in humans highly exposed to certain PCBs/PCDFs SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BREATH TEST; HUMAN-SERUM; HUMAN-MILK; FOLLOW-UP; PCBS; PCDFS; DEMETHYLATION; CONGENERS; TAIWANESE AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) continue to be a worldwide public health concern due to their levels in the environment and humans, and associated adverse health effects. In animals, one of the most sensitive effects of physiologically significant body burdens has been the induction of cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) family of enzymes. This study examined the capacity of CYP1 enzyme induction to be a biomarker of exposure to a mixture of PCBs and PCDFs and of adverse human health effects. We followed a group of people highly exposed to PCBs and PCDFs due to accidental ingestion of contaminated rice oil, the Yucheng cohort. A total of 174 Yucheng and 134 control subjects were studied. The caffeine breath test, a monitor of CYP1A2 activity, was conducted, and its results were compared to serum levels of chemicals and the subjects' medical history. Total dioxin serum toxic equivalency (TEQ) in the Yucheng cohort and their controls were 577 +/- 393 ppt lipid and 21 ppt lipid, respectively. CYP1A2 activity was elevated in Yucheng subjects more than 2-fold and correlated with serum TEQ (R-2 = 0.62). Manifestations like chloracne, fingernail abnormalities, and headaches were well predicted by P4501A2 activity. It is concluded that CYP1A2 induction seen in the Yucheng cohort is an excellent biomarker of exposure and human health effects in individual subjects and cohort. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Taipei, Taiwan. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Ctr Child & Reprod Environm Hlth, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Chung Shan Med Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Taichung, Taiwan. RP Guo, YL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. EM leonguo@ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; OI GUO, Yue Leon/0000-0002-8530-4809 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 19 BP 6176 EP 6180 DI 10.1021/es0608646 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088QK UT WOS:000240826000060 PM 17051818 ER PT J AU Katz, DE Heisey-Grove, D Beach, M Dicker, RC Matyas, BT AF Katz, D. E. Heisey-Grove, D. Beach, M. Dicker, R. C. Matyas, B. T. TI Prolonged outbreak of giardiasis with two modes of transmission SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB Large outbreaks of giardiasis caused by person-to-person transmission, or a combination of transmission routes, have not previously been reported. A large, prolonged giardiasis outbreak affected families belonging to a country club in a suburb of Boston, Massachusetts, during June-December 2003. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the source of this outbreak. Giardiasis-compatible illness was experienced by 149 (25%) respondents to a questionnaire, and was laboratory confirmed in 97 (65%) of these cases. Of the 30 primary cases, exposure to the children's pool at the country club was significantly associated with illness (risk ratio 3(.)3, 95% confidence interval 1(.)7-6(.)5). In addition, 105 secondary cases probably resulted from person-to-person spread; 14 cases did not report an onset date. This outbreak illustrates the potential for Giardia to spread through multiple modes of transmission, with a common-source outbreak caused by exposure to a contaminated water source resulting in subsequent prolonged propagation through person-to-person transmission in the community. This capacity for a common-source outbreak to continue propagation through secondary person-to-person spread has been reported with Shigella and Cryptosporidium and may also be a feature of other enteric pathogens having low infectious doses. C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Katz, DE (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, 305 South St,Room508, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. EM davidkatz1@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 134 IS 5 BP 935 EP 941 DI 10.1017/S0950268805005832 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 093AD UT WOS:000241138600005 PM 16569269 ER PT J AU Parker, AA Stephenson, R Riley, PL Ombeki, S Komolleh, C Sibley, L Quick, R AF Parker, A. A. Stephenson, R. Riley, P. L. Ombeki, S. Komolleh, C. Sibley, L. Quick, R. TI Sustained high levels of stored drinking water treatment and retention of hand-washing knowledge in rural Kenyan households following a clinic-based intervention SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; SAFE STORAGE; PREVENTION; PROMOTION; BEHAVIOR; PAKISTAN; RISK AB Nyanza Province, Kenya is characterized by poor water quality and high diarrhoea prevalence. To address these problems, nurses in a maternal and child health clinic in Homa Bay, Kenya were trained in household water chlorination with a locally available, social marketed product, and in six steps of proper hand washing. They were asked to communicate this information to their clients. Interviews immediately following the training by nurses were conducted on 220 clients, of whom 168 (76%) reported being taught both procedures during their clinic visit. After 2 weeks, free chlorine residuals were present in stored drinking water in 67 out of 98 (68%) clients' homes and, 1 year later, in 36 out of 51 (71%) clients' homes. After 2 weeks, all six hand-washing steps were correctly demonstrated by 41 (44%) out of 93 clients, and by 17 out of 51 (34%) 1 year later. This brief, practical intervention shows promise for vulnerable populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Safe Water, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Nell Hodgson Woodruff Sch Nursing, Lillian Carter Ctr Int Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CARE Kenya, Homa Bay, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Food & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parker, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM amyaparker@gmail.com NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1029 EP 1036 DI 10.1017/S0950268806005954 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 093AD UT WOS:000241138600018 PM 16438747 ER PT J AU Ajani, UA Ford, ES McGuire, LC AF Ajani, Umed A. Ford, Earl S. McGuire, Lisa C. TI Distribution of lifestyle and emerging risk factors by 10-year risk for coronary heart disease SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE coronary heart disease; risk factor distribution AB Background The Framingham risk score has been used for coronary heart disease (CHD) risk assessment. Recently, additional risk factors not included in the Framingham algorithm have received much attention and may help improve risk assessment. We examined the distributions of lifestyle and emerging risk factors by 10-year risk of CHD. Methods We calculated 10-year CHD risk (< 10%, 10-20%, and > 20%) for 8355 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002 using the Framingham risk score as modified by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. We examined the prevalence of lifestyle risk factors [ body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference] and various emerging risk factors [ C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count, fibrinogen, homocysteine, glycosylated hemoglobin, and albuminuria] as well as prevalence of high CHD risk by levels of these risk factors. Results All examined CHD risk factors were significantly associated with increasing 10-year CHD risk among men and women. Odds of being in the highest CHD risk group were greater at higher levels of examined risk factors. Means for most risk factors were slightly higher for women than the means for men. Sizeable proportions of participants with lower 10-year CHD risk had high levels of lifestyle and emerging risk factors: 60.8% were overweight, 33.8% had high CRP concentrations, 24.1% had serum fibrinogen > 400 mg/dl and 6% had an albumin/creatinine ratio >= 30. Conclusions Lifestyle and emerging risk factors, in addition to those included in the Framingham risk score, may be important in CHD risk assessment. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 13:745-752 (C) 2006 The European Society of Cardiology C1 [Ajani, Umed A.; Ford, Earl S.; McGuire, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ajani, UA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM uajani@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1741-8267 J9 EUR J CARDIOV PREV R JI Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 BP 745 EP 752 DI 10.1097/01.hjr.0000230099.70900.f6 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V96OY UT WOS:000206528400012 PM 17001214 ER PT J AU Holt, JB Miller, JW Naimi, TS Sui, DZ AF Holt, James B. Miller, Jacqueline W. Naimi, Timothy S. Sui, Daniel Z. TI Religious affiliation and alcohol consumption in the United States SO GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE alcohol consumption; binge drinking; medical geography; religion; United States ID BINGE DRINKING; REGIONAL DIFFERENCES; ADOLESCENT DRINKING; SUBSTANCE USE; US ADULTS; BEHAVIOR; LIFE; ABSTINENCE; ATTITUDES; BRITAIN AB Levels of alcohol consumption are a major public health issue. This study aims to gain a better understanding of how geographical patterns of religious affiliation in the United States relate to geographical patterns of alcohol consumption. We explored state-level correlations between alcohol consumption and religious adherence. Although we found no statistically significant correlation between overall religious adherence rates and current or binge drinking rates, states with higher adherence rates were significantly more likely to have high proportions of binge drinking among current drinkers. Yet, regionally, we found a strong inverse correlation in the Southeast and a strong positive correlation in the Midwest and Northeast between adherence rates and current and binge drinking rates. These geographical differences were largely explained after stratifying by major religious denominational groupings. States with high Catholic adherence rates tended to have higher drinking rates, whereas states with high Evangelical Protestant adherence rates tended to have lower drinking rates. These findings suggest that the relationship between religion and alcohol may be denomination-specific and challenge the lay perception that religious adherence per se is associated with less alcohol consumption and less excessive drinking among those who drink. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Holt, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOGRAPHICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL ST, STE 100, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0016-7428 J9 GEOGR REV JI Geogr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 96 IS 4 BP 523 EP 542 PG 20 WC Geography SC Geography GA 174BJ UT WOS:000246915900001 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, B Fleming, LE Backer, LC Bean, JA Tamer, R Kirkpatrick, G Kane, T Wanner, A Dalpra, D Reich, A Baden, DG AF Kirkpatrick, Barbara Fleming, Lora E. Backer, Lorraine C. Bean, Judy A. Tamer, Robert Kirkpatrick, Gary Kane, Terrance Wanner, Adam Dalpra, Dana Reich, Andrew Baden, Daniel G. TI Environmental exposures to Florida red tides: Effects on emergency room respiratory diagnoses admissions SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE asthma; pneumonia; bronchitis; brevetoxins; sensitive populations; COPD; harmful algal blooms (HABs); red tides; Karenia brevis ID AEROSOLIZED BREVETOXINS; EVENTS; TOXINS AB Human exposure to Florida red tides formed by Karenia brevis, occurs from eating contaminated shellfish and inhaling aerosolized brevetoxins. Recent studies have documented acute symptom changes and pulmonary function responses after inhalation of the toxic aerosols, particularly among asthmatics. These findings suggest that there are increases in medical care facility visits for respiratory complaints and for exacerbations of underlying respiratory diseases associated with the occurrence of Florida red tides. This study examined whether the presence of a Florida red tide affected the rates of admission with a respiratory diagnosis to a hospital emergency room in Sarasota, FL. The rate of respiratory diagnoses admissions were compared for a 3-month time period when there was an onshore red tide in 2001 (red tide period) and during the same 3-month period in 2002 when no red tide bloom occurred (non-red tide period). There was no significant increase in the total number of respiratory admissions between the two time periods. However, there was a 19% increase in the rate of pneumonia cases diagnosed during the red tide period compared with the non-red tide period. We categorized home residence zip codes as coastal (within 1.6 km from the shore) or inland (> 1.6 km from shore). Compared with the non-red tide period, the coastal residents had a significantly higher (54%) rate of respiratory diagnoses admissions than during the red tide period. We then divided the diagnoses into subcategories (i.e. pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, and upper airway disease). When compared with the non-red tide period, the coastal zip codes had increases in the rates of admission of each of the subcategories during the red tide period (i.e. 31, 56, 44, and 64%, respectively). This increase was not observed seen in the inland zip codes. C1 Mote Marine Lab, Environm Hlth Program, Sarasota, FL 33236 USA. NSF, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NIEHS, Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, NIEHS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Childrens Hosp, Ctr Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. Lung Associates Sarasota, Sarasota, FL 34239 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Univ N Carolina, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, B (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Environm Hlth Program, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 33236 USA. EM bkirkpat@mote.org FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES010594, P01 ES010594-06A1] NR 25 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 5 BP 526 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2005.09.004 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 088GT UT WOS:000240800900003 PM 20357898 ER PT J AU Kreuter, MW Black, WJ Friend, L Booker, AC Klump, P Bobra, S Holt, CL AF Kreuter, Matthew W. Black, Wynona J. Friend, LaBraunna Booker, Angela C. Klump, Paula Bobra, Sonal Holt, Cheryl L. TI Use of computer kiosks for breast cancer education in five community settings SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; mammography; African American; women; computer kiosks; community health; health education ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; PUBLIC-HEALTH CENTERS; AGE-DIFFERENCES; SELF-EFFICACY; PRIMARY-CARE; URBAN; INFORMATION; MAMMOGRAPHY; SUPPORT; INTERVENTION AB Finding ways to bring effective computer-based behavioral interventions to those with limited access to technology is a continuing challenge for health educators. Computer kiosks placed in community settings may help reach such populations. The Reflections of You kiosk generates individually tailored magazines on breast cancer and mammography and was adapted from an evidence-based intervention that increased mammography use in African American women. This usage study tracked patterns of use and characteristics of kiosk users in beauty salons, churches, neighborhood health centers, Laundromats, and social service agencies in St. Louis. Kiosks were used 4,527 times in 470 kiosk days at 40 different host sites. Highly significant differences among community settings were found in rates and patterns of kiosk use as well as user characteristics, breast cancer knowledge, and use of mammography. Findings inform strategic decision making about technology dissemination and community outreach to women needing information about breast cancer and mammography. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, Hlth Commun Res Lab, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. Missouri Inst Mental Hlth, St Louis, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Kreuter, MW (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, Hlth Commun Res Lab, 3545 Lafayette Ave, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM kreuter@slu.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-P50-95815, P50 CA095815] NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 5 BP 625 EP 642 DI 10.1177/1090198106290795 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 085RB UT WOS:000240620200007 PM 16923835 ER PT J AU Pappas-DeLuca, KA Kraft, JM Edwards, SL Casillas, A Harvey, SM Huszti, HC AF Pappas-DeLuca, Katina A. Kraft, Joan Marie Edwards, Sherri L. Casillas, America Harvey, S. Marie Huszti, Heather C. TI Recruiting and retaining couples for an HIV prevention intervention: lessons learned from the PARTNERS project SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONDOM USE; WOMEN; PARTICIPATION; STRATEGIES AB Intervening with both members of a couple has been recommended as an important strategy for human immunodeficiency virus prevention. Analyses of focus groups and in-depth interviews with project personnel involved in recruitment and retention for the Partners Against Risk-Taking: A Networking and Evaluation Research Study project identified, at the termination of the project, barriers and facilitators to recruiting couples. Barriers included logistical problems of coordinating two people's schedules, sensitivity of the topic and challenges related to recruitment efforts focused on one partner only. Strategies to overcome such barriers were to increase availability of project personnel and recruit both partners simultaneously, with recruitment teams consisting of men and women. Challenges related to recruiting and retaining couples remain significant and should be considered before undertaking couples interventions. C1 Lawton VA Outpatient Clin, Ft Still, OK 73503 USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. Univ Oregon, Ctr Study Women Soc, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Childrens Hosp Orange Cty, Orange, CA 92868 USA. RP Pappas-DeLuca, KA (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kdp5@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U30/CCU 615166-1-0, U30/CCU 915062-1-0] NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 5 BP 611 EP 620 DI 10.1093/her/cyl030 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 086TQ UT WOS:000240696300002 PM 16766606 ER PT J AU Sofair, AN Fine, M Huie-White, S Speers, S Roome, A Forbes, N Hulten, N Bialek, S Bell, BP AF Sofair, Andre N. Fine, Mighty Huie-White, Sharon Speers, Suzanne Roome, Aaron Forbes, Nicole Hulten, Nicole Bialek, Stephanie Bell, Beth P. TI Use of the state of Connecticut hepatitis C registry to hepatitis C-related patient care SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 27-31, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 SU 1 MA 166 BP 251A EP 251A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 096FF UT WOS:000241362300167 ER PT J AU Parkes, J Bialek, SR Bell, BP Terrault, NA Zaman, A Sofair, AN Manos, MM Guha, IN Cross, R Harris, S Roderick, PJ Rosenberg, WM AF Parkes, Julie Bialek, Stephanie R. Bell, Beth P. Terrault, Norah A. Zaman, Atif Sofair, Andre N. Manos, M. Michele Guha, Indra Neil Cross, Richard Harris, Scott Roderick, Paul J. Rosenberg, William M. TI European liver fibrosis (ELF) markers accurately distinguish fibrosis severity in chronic hepatitis C (CHC); An external validation study in a population-based cohort SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 27-31, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Permanente Med Grp Inc, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Southampton, Liver Grp, Southampton, Hants, England. iQur Ltd, Southampton, Hants, England. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 SU 1 MA 249 BP 283A EP 283A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 096FF UT WOS:000241362300250 ER PT J AU Sofair, AN Dhotre, KB Bialek, S Terrault, NA Zaman, A Manos, MM Thomas, A Navarro, V Murphy, R Leyden, W Huie-White, S Hulten, N Van Ness, GR Bell, BP AF Sofair, Andre N. Dhotre, Kathy B. Bialek, Stephanie Terrault, Norah A. Zaman, Atif Manos, M. Michele Thomas, Ann Navarro, Victor Murphy, Rosemary Leyden, Wendy Huie-White, Sharon Hulten, Nicole Van Ness, Grace R. Bell, Beth P. TI Population-based epidemiology of newly diagnosed alcohol-related liver disease in a referral population SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 27-31, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 SU 1 MA 496 BP 374A EP 374A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 096FF UT WOS:000241362301037 ER PT J AU Kamili, S Campbell, K Bartholomeusz, A Walker, C Locarnini, S Krawczynski, K AF Kamili, Saleem Campbell, Katie Bartholomeusz, Angelina Walker, Chris Locarnini, Stephen Krawczynski, Kris TI Immunologic evidence of limited viral replication in hepatitis B vaccinated chimpanzees challenged with a hepatitis B polymerase gene mutant SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 27-31, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Vaccines & Immunity, Columbia Childrens Res Inst, Columbus, OH USA. Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Victoria, NT, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 SU 1 MA 961 BP 545A EP 545A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 096FF UT WOS:000241362302055 ER PT J AU Bialek, SR Wang, H Bell, BP Terrault, NA Manos, MM AF Bialek, Stephanie R. Wang, Hua Bell, Beth P. Terrault, Norah A. Manos, Michele M. TI Chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Disease characteristics in a managed care population SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 27-31, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente No California, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 SU 1 MA 1006 BP 563A EP 563A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 096FF UT WOS:000241362302100 ER PT J AU Hurlburt, K McMahon, BJ Gove, J Livingston, S Bulkow, L Cagle, H AF Hurlburt, Kathy McMahon, Brian J. Gove, James Livingston, Steve Bulkow, Lisa Cagle, Henry TI Incidence and prevalence of Autoimmune Hepatitis in Alaska Native people SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 27-31, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 SU 1 MA 1204 BP 638A EP 638A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 096FF UT WOS:000241362302298 ER PT J AU Schwarz, KB Garrett, B Thompson, D Lee, J Thiel, T Alter, M Strathdee, S AF Schwarz, Kathleen B. Garrett, Beth Thompson, Doug Lee, Jenny Thiel, Thelma Alter, Miriam Strathdee, Stephanie TI Positive impact of hepatitis B(HB) video on HB vaccine coverage in homeless children and adolescents in Baltimore: Results of a randomized controlled trial SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 27-31, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 John Hopkins SOM, Baltimore, MD USA. MMRI, Baltimore, MD USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hepatitis Fdn Int, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Calif San Diego, SOM, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 SU 1 MA 1316 BP 680A EP 680A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 096FF UT WOS:000241362302410 ER PT J AU Buchacz, K Brooks, JT Tong, T Moorman, AC Baker, RK Holmberg, SD Greenberg, A AF Buchacz, K. Brooks, J. T. Tong, T. Moorman, A. C. Baker, R. K. Holmberg, S. D. Greenberg, A. CA HIV Outpatient study TI Evaluation of hypophosphataemia in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-exposed and TDF-unexposed HIV-infected out-patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy SO HIV MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HAART; renal disease; serum phosphate; tenofovir; toxicity ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; INFANT RHESUS MACAQUES; EXPERIENCED PATIENTS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; RENAL SAFETY; EFFICACY; NEPHROTOXICITY; DYSFUNCTION; TERM; AIDS AB Objectives Cases of hypophosphataemia (often coincident with renal dysfunction) have been reported in HIV-infected patients taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), but randomized placebo-controlled trials of HIV-infected persons with normal baseline renal function have found a comparable incidence of hypophosphataemia in the TDF and placebo groups. We assessed the incidence of grade 2 and higher hypophosphataemia in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS). Methods We analysed a prospective cohort of patients who initiated either a TDF-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen [TDF-exposed (TDF+) group; n=165] or a TDF-sparing HAART regimen [TDF-unexposed (TDF-) group; n=90], and who had normal baseline phosphate and creatinine values. Results The TDF+and TDF-groups had comparable median follow-up times (10.9 vs 8.8 months, respectively; P=0.18) and number of phosphate measurements (median=3 for both) and were similar on most clinical and demographic factors. During follow up, 12.7% of TDF+vs 6.7% of TDF-patients developed grade 2 hypophosphataemia (2.0-2.4 mg/dL), and 2.4% of TDF+patients vs 0% of TDF-patients developed grade 3 hypophosphataemia (1.0-1.9 mg/dL); none developed grade 4 hypophosphataemia (< 1.0 mg/dL). The incidence of grade 2 or higher hypophosphataemia was 16.7 per 100 person-years among TDF+patients vs 8.0 per 100 person-years among TDF-patients (P=0.11). Conclusions The incidence of hypophosphataemia was somewhat elevated in HOPS patients who took TDF-containing HAART compared with those who took TDF-sparing HAART during the first 1 to 2 years of observation, but the difference was not statistically significant. Longer follow-up of a larger population is needed to determine if this trend towards an association achieves statistical significance and to evaluate the clinical consequences of hypophosphataemia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. Res Triangle Inst Int, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Buchacz, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acu7@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-2662 J9 HIV MED JI HIV Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 7 IS 7 BP 451 EP 456 DI 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2006.00407.x PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 076TH UT WOS:000239980100005 PM 16925731 ER PT J AU Blanciforti, LA Luster, MI AF Blanciforti, Laura A. Luster, Michael I. TI Considerations in estimating social and economic impacts of immunotoxic agents SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; immunotoxicology; economic impact; risk factors; immune system disorders; cost of illness ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; RISK ASSESSMENTS; COST; TRENDS AB To make appropriate regulatory policy decisions, the potential social and economic impacts of the policy must first be established. For environmental and occupational agents, social and economic impacts are derived from animal toxicology and, when available, human studies that serve as the base for risk-benefit analysis (RBA). Because immune function is associated with resistance to infectious disease, developing RBA for data derived from immunotoxicology studies will require determining the changes in the frequency or severity of infectious disease resulting from an exposure. Fortunately, considerable information is readily available for identifying the frequency of infectious diseases in the general population and its social and economic impacts and to assist the risk assessor when conducting RBA for immunotoxicology endpoints. The following is a brief review describing some issues in using immunotoxicity data when conducting RBA. It presents an economic methodology to determine the economic impacts of infectious diseases to society, sources where these types of information are available, and an example using a specific infectious disease, otitis media. C1 NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Blanciforti, LA (reprint author), NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM LBlanciforti@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 888 EP 903 DI 10.1080/10807030600826953 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 081XY UT WOS:000240352100006 ER PT J AU Caruso, CC AF Caruso, Claire C. TI Possible broad impacts of long work hours SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st NIIH/NIOSH Symposium on Long Working Hours CY MAR 22, 2006 CL Cincinnati, OH SP NIIH, NIOSH DE work hours; work schedule; work schedule tolerance; sleep; occupational diseases; occupational exposure; occupational injuries; job stress ID WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS; MACHINERY MANUFACTURING COMPANY; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; OVERTIME WORK; RISK-FACTORS; LABOR PRODUCTIVITY; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; SCHEDULE CHARACTERISTICS; CARDIOVASCULAR-SYSTEM; CONSTRUCTION WORKERS AB The paper summarizes research linking long work hours to a wide range of risks to workers, families, employers, and the community. The risks are theorized to stem from less time to recover from work, longer exposure to workplace hazards, and less time to attend to non-work responsibilities. Risks to workers include sleep deprivation, poor recovery from work, decrements in neuro-cognitive and physiological functioning, illnesses, adverse reproductive outcomes, and injuries. Risks to families include delayed marriages and child bearing, and obesity in children. Risks to employers include reduced productivity and increases in workers errors. Mistakes by fatigued workers have broad reaching impacts to the community: medical errors, automobile crashes with other drivers on the road, and industrial disasters that damage the environment. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Caruso, CC (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 78 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 33 PU NATL INST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH, JAPAN PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.2486/indhealth.44.531 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 101MM UT WOS:000241744900002 PM 17085913 ER PT J AU Iwasaki, K Takahashi, M Nakata, A AF Iwasaki, Kenji Takahashi, Masaya Nakata, Akinori TI Health problems due to long working hours in Japan: Working hours, workers' compensation (Karoshi), and preventive measures SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st NIIH/NIOSH Symposium on Long Working Hours CY MAR 22, 2006 CL Cincinnati, OH SP NIIH, NIOSH DE long working hours; working time law; workers' compensation; Karoshi; health measures ID MACHINERY MANUFACTURING COMPANY; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-SYSTEM; ENGINEERS; RISK AB Late in the 1970s, serious social concern over health problems due to long working hours has arisen in Japan. This report briefly summarizes the Japanese circumstances about long working hours and what the Government has achieved so far. The national statistics show that more than 6 million people worked for 60 h or more per week during years 2000 and 2004. Approximately three hundred cases of brain and heart diseases were recognized as labour accidents resulting from overwork (Karoshi) by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) between 2002 and 2005. Consequently, the MHLW has been working to establish a more appropriate compensation system for Karoshi, as well as preventive measures for overwork related health problems. In 2001, the MHLW set the standards for clearly recognizing Karoshi in association with the amount of overtime working hours. These standards were based on the results of a literature review and medical examinations indicating a relationship between overwork and brain and heart diseases. In 2002, the MHLW launched the program for the prevention of health impairment due to overwork, and in 2005 the health guidance through an interview by a doctor for overworked workers has been enacted as law. Long working hours are controversial issues because of conflicts between health, safety, work-life balance, and productivity. It is obvious that we need to continue research regarding the impact on worker health and the management of long working hours. C1 NIOSH, Inst Ind Hlth, Tama Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2148585, Japan. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Iwasaki, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Inst Ind Hlth, Tama Ku, Nagao 6-21-1, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2148585, Japan. RI Nakata, Akinori/A-2399-2008 NR 27 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 9 U2 38 PU NATL INST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH, JAPAN PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 537 EP 540 DI 10.2486/indhealth.44.537 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 101MM UT WOS:000241744900003 PM 17085914 ER PT J AU Nakata, A Araki, S Park, SH Park, JT Kim, DS Park, HC Yokoyama, K AF Nakata, Akinori Araki, Shunichi Park, Sang-Hwoi Park, Jong-Tae Kim, Dae-Sung Park, Hee-Chan Yokoyama, Kazuhito TI Decreases in CD8+T, naive (CD4+CD45RA+) T, and B (CD19+) lymphocytes by exposure to manganese fume SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE manganese; naive (CD4+CD45RA+) T lymphocyte; CD8+T lymphocyte; CD19+B lymphocyte; welders; occupational exposure; immunotoxicity; lymphocyte subpopulation ID ELECTRIC-POWER PLANT; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; CELL SUBPOPULATIONS; BETA-NAPHTHYLAMINE; LEAD WORKERS; INDUCER; BENZIDINE AB To examine the effects of exposure to manganese (Mn) on the cellular and humoral immune system in men, T lymphocyte subpopulations, B (CD19+) lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and serum immunoglobulins (i.e., IgG, IgA and IgM) together with total T (CD3+) lymphocytes and total lymphocytes were measured in blood samples from 21 welders mainly exposed to Mn fume with blood Mn (BMn) concentrations of 0.6-2.3 (mean 1.4) mu g/dl and 21 healthy controls working in the same factory (BMn concentrations: 0.7 to 1.7, mean 1.1 mu g/dl). The workers engaged in welding for 6 to 36 (mean 17) yr. All the study subjects were divided into 3 equally sized groups (n=14 for each group) according to BMn concentrations. Numbers of CD8+ T, total T (CD3+), B (CD19+), and total lymphocytes were significantly lower in high-BMn group than those in low-BMn group; the numbers of CD8+ T lymphocytes were significantly lower in moderate-BMn group compared to low-BMn group. After adjusting for age and smoking, significant inverse correlations between BMn concentrations and CD4+CD45RA+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, CD3+ T, and total lymphocytes were found. We conclude that T lymphocytes, especially CD8+ and CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes, as well as CD19+ B lymphocytes are affected by exposure to Mn fume. C1 NIOSH, Tama Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2148585, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. NIMH, Div Psychosomat Res, Natl ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Chiba 2720827, Japan. Hallym Univ, Dept Social Med, Coll Med, Seoul 150030, South Korea. Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Coll Med, Seoul 136705, South Korea. Mie Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Tsu, Mie 5148507, Japan. RP Araki, S (reprint author), NIOSH, Tama Ku, 6-21-1 Nagao, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2148585, Japan. RI Nakata, Akinori/A-2399-2008 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH, JAPAN PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 592 EP 597 DI 10.2486/indhealth.44.592 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 101MM UT WOS:000241744900009 PM 17085920 ER PT J AU Chen, LM Briones, G Donis, RO Galan, JE AF Chen, Li-Mei Briones, Gabriel Donis, Ruben O. Galan, Jorge E. TI Optimization of the delivery of heterologous proteins by the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium type III secretion system for vaccine development SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI UREASE; T-CELLS; ADULT VOLUNTEERS; ANTIGEN DELIVERY; HOST-CELLS; RESPONSES; CHAPERONE; DOMAINS; EPITOPE AB Type III protein secretion systems, which are organelles with the capacity to deliver bacterial proteins into host cells, have been adapted to deliver heterologous antigens for vaccine development. A limitation of these antigen delivery systems is that some proteins are not amenable to secretion through this pathway. We show here that proteins from the simian and human immunodeficiency viruses that are not permissive for secretion through a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium type III secretion system can be modified to travel this secretion pathway by introduction of discrete mutations. Proteins optimized for secretion were presented more efficiently via the major histocompatibility complex class I pathway and were able to induce a better immune response. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Sect Microbial Pathogenesis, New Haven, CT 06536 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Galan, JE (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Sect Microbial Pathogenesis, New Haven, CT 06536 USA. EM jorge.galan@yale.edu OI Briones, Gabriel/0000-0002-4500-9848 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI046953, U54 AI157158, AI46953] NR 47 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 10 BP 5826 EP 5833 DI 10.1128/IAI.00375-06 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 090RF UT WOS:000240967900045 PM 16988261 ER PT J AU Stevens, JA Corso, PS Finkelstein, EA Miller, TR AF Stevens, J. A. Corso, P. S. Finkelstein, E. A. Miller, T. R. TI The costs of fatal and non-fatal falls among older adults SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HIP FRACTURE; MEDICAL EXPENDITURES; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; PREVENTING FALLS; NURSING-HOME; TAI-CHI; INJURIES; COMMUNITY; WOMEN AB Objective: To estimate the incidence and direct medical costs for fatal and non-fatal fall injuries among US adults aged >= 65 years in 2000, for three treatment settings stratified by age, sex, body region, and type of injury. Methods: Incidence data came from the 2000 National Vital Statistics System, 2001 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program, 2000 Health Care Utilization Program National Inpatient Sample, and 1999 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Costs for fatal falls came from Incidence and economic burden of injuries in the United States; costs for non-fatal falls were based on claims from the 1998 and 1999 Medicare fee-for-service 5% Standard Analytical Files. A case crossover approach was used to compare the monthly costs before and after the fall. Results: In 2000, there were almost 10 300 fatal and 2.6 million medically treated non-fatal fall related injuries. Direct medical costs totaled $0.2 billion dollars for fatal and $19 billion dollars for non-fatal injuries. Of the non-fatal injury costs, 63% ($12 billion) were for hospitalizations, 21% ($4 billion) were for emergency department visits, and 16% ($3 billion) were for treatment in outpatient settings. Medical expenditures for women, who comprised 58% of the older adult population, were 2-3 times higher than for men for all medical treatment settings. Fractures accounted for just 35% of non-fatal injuries but 61% of costs. Conclusions: Fall related injuries among older adults, especially among older women, are associated with substantial economic costs. Implementing effective intervention strategies could appreciably decrease the incidence and healthcare costs of these injuries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA. RP Stevens, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jas2@cdc.gov OI Miller, Ted/0000-0002-0958-2639 NR 51 TC 554 Z9 572 U1 16 U2 66 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 290 EP 295 DI 10.1136/ip.2005.011015 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 091KI UT WOS:000241025800005 PM 17018668 ER PT J AU Koshiol, JE Schroeder, JC Jamieson, DJ Marshall, SW Duerr, A Heilig, CM Shah, KV Klein, RS Cu-Uvin, S Schuman, P Celentano, D Smith, JS AF Koshiol, Jill E. Schroeder, Jane C. Jamieson, Denise J. Marshall, Stephen W. Duerr, Ann Heilig, Charles M. Shah, Keerti V. Klein, Robert S. Cu-Uvin, Susan Schuman, Paula Celentano, David Smith, Jennifer S. TI Time to clearance of human papillomavirus infection by type and human immunodeficiency virus serostatus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE HIV; HPV type; papillomavirus; human; time to clearance ID CERVICAL-CANCER; NATURAL-HISTORY; YOUNG-WOMEN; SERONEGATIVE WOMEN; HPV TYPES; PERSISTENCE; LESIONS; DNA; TRANSFORMATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is central to cervical carcinogenesis. Certain high-risk types, such as HPV16, may be more persistent than other HPV types, and type-specific HPV persistence may differ by HIV serostatus. This study evaluated the association between HPV type and clearance of HPV infections in 522 HIV-seropositive and 279 HIV-seronegative participants in the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS, United States, 1993-2000). Type-specific HPV infections were detected using MY09/MY11/HMB01-based PCR and 26 HPV type-specific probes. The estimated duration of type-specific infections was measured from the first HPV-positive visit to the first of two consecutive negative visits. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for HPV clearance were calculated using Cox models adjusted for study site and risk behavior (sexual or injection drugs). A total of 1,800 HPV infections were detected in 801 women with 4.4 years median follow-up. HRs for clearance of HPV16 and related types versus low-risk HPV types were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64-0.97) in HIV-positive women and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.59-1.27) in HIV-negative women. HRs for HPV18 versus low-risk types were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.56-1.16) and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.22-1.45) for HIV-positive and -negative women, respectively. HPV types within the high-risk category had low estimated clearance rates relative to low-risk types, but HRs were not substantially modified by HIV serostatus. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. RP Koshiol, JE (reprint author), NCI, 6120 Exeuct Blvd,MSC 7236, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM koshiolj@mail.nih.gov RI Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008; OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310; Marshall, Stephen/0000-0002-2664-9233 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA09330-22]; NIAID NIH HHS [5 P30 AI050410-07]; PHS HHS [U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798, U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU506831] NR 35 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 7 BP 1623 EP 1629 DI 10.1002/ijc.22015 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 077QX UT WOS:000240046000014 PM 16646070 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Gwinn, M AF Khoury, Muin J. Gwinn, Marta TI Genomics, epidemiology, and common complex diseases: let's not throw out the baby with the bathwater! SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PHILOSOPHERS STONE; PUBLIC-HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkhoury@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1363 EP 1364 DI 10.1093/ije/dyl214 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097EI UT WOS:000241429200051 PM 16984931 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, T Younglove, L Lu, CS Funez, A Weppner, S Barr, DB Fenske, RA AF Rodriguez, Teresa Younglove, Lisa Lu, Chensheng Funez, Aura Weppner, Sarah Barr, Dana B. Fenske, Richard A. TI Biological monitoring of pesticide exposures among applicators and their children in Nicaragua SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE pesticide exposure; Nicaragua; chlorpyrifos; diazinon; urinary metabolite; biological monitoring; applicators; children ID CENTRAL WASHINGTON-STATE; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS INSECTICIDES; CHLORPYRIFOS; FAMILIES; WORKERS; URINE; CHOLINESTERASE; METABOLITES; SYMPTOMS AB Exposures were assessed for seven small-scale farmers using chlorpyrifos on corn and ten banana plantation employees applying diazinon, and for one child of each worker. Metabolites (TCPY and IMPY) were measured in urine before and after applications. TCPY concentrations peaked at 27 and 8.5 hours post-application for applicators and children, respectively (geometric means, 26 and 3.0 mu g/L). Proximity to spraying and spray mixture preparation in homes were important exposure factors. IMPY concentrations differed substantially across workers at two plantations (geometric means, 1.3 and 168 mu g/L); however, their children had little or no diazinon exposure. These workers and children were also exposed to chlorpyrifos, most likely through contact with chlorpyrifos-impregnated bags used in banana production. Several recommendations are offered: 1) monitor children's activities during applications; 2) do not store or prepare pesticides in homes; 3) institute sound occupational hygiene practices at banana plantations; 4) dispose of plastic insecticide bags properly at the worksite. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Nicaragua, Programa Salud Ocupac & Ambiental, Leon, Nicaragua. Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fenske, RA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Box 357234,Hlth Sci Bldg Room F-233,1959 NE Pacif, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rfenske@u.washington.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU FIC NIH HHS [5 D43 TW00642]; NIOSH CDC HHS [5 U50 OH07544] NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 312 EP 320 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 113ZD UT WOS:000242635600004 PM 17168218 ER PT J AU Munsiff, SS Ahuja, SD King, L Udeagu, CC Dorsinville, M Frieden, TR Fujiwara, PI AF Munsiff, S. S. Ahuja, S. D. King, L. Udeagu, C-C. Dorsinville, M. Frieden, T. R. Fujiwara, P. I. TI Ensuring accountability: the contribution of the cohort review method to tuberculosis control in New York City SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; program evaluation; treatment success; patient management ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CASE-MANAGEMENT; THERAPY AB SETTING: In 1993, the New York City (NYC) Bureau of Tuberculosis Control developed the cohort review process as a quality assurance method to track and improve patient outcomes. METHODS: The Bureau Director reviews every tuberculosis (TB) case quarterly in a multi-disciplinary staff meeting. In 2004 we also began collecting details on issues identified at cohort review to quantify how this process directly impacts TB control efforts. RESULTS: From 1992 to 2004, NYC TB cases decreased by 72.7% and treatment success rates significantly increased by 26.7%. Implementing the cohort review was key to improving case management, thus leading to these results. For the 1039 patients in 2004, 596 issues were identified among 424 patients; 55.0% were incorrect, unclear or unknown patient information, 13.8% were treatment issues, 12.4% were case management issues and 10.6% were incomplete contact investigations. Most (76.5%) issues were addressed within 30 days of the cohort reviews. CONCLUSION: A systematic review of every TB case improves the quality of patient information, enhances patient treatment and ensures accountability at all levels of the TB control program. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, New York, NY 10007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France. RP Ahuja, SD (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, 225 Broadway,22nd Floor,Box 72B, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM sahuja@health.nyc.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1133 EP 1139 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 088XJ UT WOS:000240844100011 PM 17044207 ER PT J AU Ridzon, R Castro, KG AF Ridzon, Renee Castro, Kenneth G. TI Ida Marie Onorato - In memorium SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ridzon, R (reprint author), Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1184 EP 1184 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 088XJ UT WOS:000240844100022 ER PT J AU Creek, TL Alwano, MG Molosiwa, RR Roels, TH Kenyon, TA Mwasalla, V Lloyd, ES Mokomane, M Hastings, PA Taylor, AW Kilmarx, PH AF Creek, Tracy L. Alwano, Mary Grace Molosiwa, Ronald R. Roels, Thierry H. Kenyon, Tom A. Mwasalla, Vida Lloyd, Ethleen S. Mokomane, Modisaotsile Hastings, Philip A. Taylor, Allan W. Kilmarx, Peter H. TI Botswana's Tebelopele voluntary HIV counseling and testing network - Use and client risk factors for HIV infection, 2000-2004 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE Africa; Botswana; condoms; HIV-1 epidemiology; HIV-1 risk factors; sex behavior; sexual partners; voluntary counseling and testing ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; MALE CIRCUMCISION; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; ZIMBABWE; UGANDA AB Background: HIV services, including voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, expanded rapidly in Botswana from 2000 through 2004. Methods: Client data from Botswana's Tebelopele VCT network were analyzed to describe clients, factors associated with HIV infection, and trends in VCT use. Results: Tebelopele provided free, anonymous, same-day HIV tests for 117,234 clients from 2000 through 2004. Before ARV therapy was available, 8.3% of clients sought a test because of illness, and 26.3% were HIV-positive. After ARV therapy became available, 20.1% of clients sought a test because of illness, and 38.8% were HIV-positive. Most VCT clients (82.7%) were unmarried; 89.8% reported no or 1 sexual partner in the last 3 months; and 50.2% of unmarried clients reported always using condoms in the last 3 months. In multivariate analysis, higher educational level, marriage, and always using condoms were associated with a lower risk of HIV Having only 1 recent sexual partner was associated with less condom use and a higher risk of being HIV-positive for men. Conclusions: VCT has been well accepted in Botswana. Analysis of this data set supports efforts to promote 100% condom use and to emphasize that partner reduction must be combined with condom use and HIV testing to protect against HIV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Creek, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA USA. EM tgc0@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000230525.71717.5d PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 088VS UT WOS:000240839800012 PM 16951649 ER PT J AU Whittington, WLH Morris, M Buchbinder, SP McKirnan, DJ Mayer, KH Para, MF Bartholow, BN Celum, CL AF Whittington, William L. H. Morris, Martina Buchbinder, Susan P. McKirnan, David J. Mayer, Kenneth H. Para, Michael F. Bartholow, Bradford N. Celum, Connie L. TI Partner-specific sexual behavioral differences between phase 3 HIV vaccine efficacy trial participants and controls - Project VISION SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral use; HIV vaccine trials; men who have sex with men; sexual behavior ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS VACCINE; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RISK BEHAVIOR; MEN; INFECTION; PERCEPTIONS; GAY AB Objective: To assess and compare sexual behaviors using partner-specific data between HlV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited for an HIV vaccine efficacy trial and a control group. Methods: HIV-negative MSM from an HIV vaccine trial (n = 525) and controls (n = 732) were recruited by similar strategies and interviewed about behaviors with the 3 most recent partners in the past 6 months, obtained by audio computer-assisted self-interview (A-CASI). Results: Vaccine trial participants were more likely than controls to report an HIV-positive partner (24.7% and 14.1%, respectively) or an HIV-positive primary partner (16.1% and 6.8%, respectively) and were less likely to report occasional or single-time partners of unknown HIV status (51.6% and 63.2%, respectively; P < 0.05 for each comparison). Vaccine trial participants more often reported receptive unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) during their last sexual encounter with an HIV-positive partner (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0 to 7.9). Most believed their HIV-positive partners were receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), however, and after adjustment for perceived ART use, the association between vaccine study participation and receptive UAT with an HIV-positive partner was not significant. Conclusions: High-risk sexual behavior was reported by many VAX004 participants and controls. Differences between vaccine trial and control participants in the highest risk per contact behavior, receptive UAI with HIV-positive partners, was partly accounted for by perceived ART use. Partner level data are useful in refining risk assessment, which is important in the evaluation of HIV vaccine and other prevention trials. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Sociol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, AIDS Res Branch, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Chicago, Howard Brown Clin, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Brown Univ, Fenway Community Hlth Ctr, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Celum, CL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med, 901 Boren Ave,Suite 1300, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM ccelum@u.washington.edu RI Morris, Martina/I-7510-2012 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 234 EP 238 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000230296.06829.14 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 088VS UT WOS:000240839800015 PM 16951646 ER PT J AU Saydah, SH Eberhardt, MS AF Saydah, Sharon H. Eberhardt, Mark S. TI Use of complementary and alternative medicine among adults with chronic diseases: United States 2002 SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNCONVENTIONAL MEDICINE; CARE; THERAPIES; ECHINACEA; GINSENG; GLUCOSE; GINKGO; ACCESS AB Background: Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has increased in recent years. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the use of CAM among people with diagnosed chronic diseases. Design: Cross-sectional analysis was used. Setting: The 2002 National Health Interview Survey was the setting. Patients: Participants were representative of the noninstitutionalized U.S. population 18 years and older. Measurements: Respondents answered questions about use of CAM and physician-diagnosed arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and lung disease. Results: Adults with diagnosed chronic diseases are more likely to use CAM compared to adults with none of the reported chronic diseases. Adults with arthritis alone were most likely to report ever use of CAM (59.6%) followed by adults with cancer or lung disease alone or two or more chronic diseases (55%), adults with cardiovascular disease (46.4%), and adults with no chronic diseases (43.6%) and diabetes alone (41.4%). Adults with chronic diseases were also more likely to report use of CAM in the past 12 months (32% to 43.3%), followed by adults with none of these chronic diseases (32%), and adults with diabetes alone (26.2%). Less than 30% of CAM users in the past 12 months reported talking to their healthcare professional about CAM use. Limitations: Information about CAM use is based on self-report. Conclusions: Use of CAM, particularly biologically based CAM therapies, is common and is more likely to be used by those with chronic diseases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Saydah, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM ssaydah@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 8 BP 805 EP 812 DI 10.1089/acm.2006.12.805 PG 8 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 093ZB UT WOS:000241207700015 PM 17034287 ER PT J AU Peng, SL Robinson, WA Li, SL Alexander, MA AF Peng, Shiling Robinson, Walter A. Li, Shuanglin Alexander, Michael A. TI Effects of Ekman transport on the NAO response to a tropical Atlantic SST anomaly SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; OCEAN; IMPACT; OSCILLATION; MECHANISMS; FEEDBACK; BRIDGE AB A recent study showed that a tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly induces a significant coupled response in late winter [February-April (FMA)] in a coupled model, in which an atmospheric general circulation model is coupled to a slab mixed layer ocean model (AGCM_ML). The coupled response comprises a dipole in the geopotential height, like the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and a North Atlantic tripole in the SST. The simulated NAO response developed 1 or 2 months later in the model than in observations. To determine the possible effects of Ekman heat transport on the development of the coupled response to the tropical forcing, an extended coupled model (AGCM_EML), including Ekman transport in the slab mixed layer ocean, is now used. Large ensembles of AGCM_EML experiments are performed, parallel to the previous AGCM_ML experiments, with the model forced by the same tropical Atlantic SST anomaly over the boreal winter months (September-April). The inclusion of Ekman heat transport is found to result in an earlier development of the coupled NAO-SST tripole response in the AGCM_EML, compared to that in the AGCM_ML. The mutual reinforcement between the anomalous Ekman transport and the surface heat flux causes the tropical forcing to induce an extratropical SST response in November-January (NDJ) in the AGCM_EML that is twice as strong as that in the AGCM_ML. The feedback of this stronger extratropical SST response on the atmosphere in turn drives the development of the NAO response in NDJ. In FMA, the sign of the anomalous surface heat flux is reversed in the Gulf Stream region such that it opposes the anomalous Ekman transport. The resulting equilibrium NAO response in the AGCM_EML is similar to that in the AGCM_ML, but it is reached 1-2 months sooner in the AGCM_EML. Hence, the presence of Ekman transport causes a seasonal shift in the evolution of the coupled response. The faster development of the NAO response in the AGCM_EML suggests that tropical Atlantic SST anomalies should be able to influence the NAO, in nature, on the seasonal time scale, and that efficient interactions with the extratropical ocean play a significant role in determining the coupled response. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, CDC, RPSDI,NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Peng, SL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, CDC, RPSDI,NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Shiling.Peng@noaa.gov RI Robinson, Walter/I-3782-2012; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Li, Shuanglin /D-5695-2013 OI Robinson, Walter/0000-0002-6669-7408; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Li, Shuanglin /0000-0002-4891-8561 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 19 IS 19 BP 4803 EP 4818 DI 10.1175/JCLI3910.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 093HR UT WOS:000241159500005 ER PT J AU Morey, RE Galloway, RL Bragg, SL Steigerwalt, AG Mayer, LW Levett, PN AF Morey, Roger E. Galloway, Renee L. Bragg, Sandra L. Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Mayer, Leonard W. Levett, Paul N. TI Species-specific identification of Leptospiraceae by 16S rRNA gene sequencing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAMILY LEPTOSPIRACEAE; NOV.; SEROVARS; RELATEDNESS; SEROGROUPS; ALIGNMENT; BACTERIA; DATABASE AB The genus Leptospira is classified into 13 named species and 4 genomospecies based upon DNA-DNA reassociation studies. Phenotypic tests are unable to distinguish between species of Leptospira, and there is a need for a simplified molecular approach to the identification of leptospires. 16S rRNA gene sequences are potentially useful for species identification of Leptospira, but there are a large number of sequences of various lengths and quality in the public databases. 16S rRNA gene sequences of near full length and bidirectional high redundancy were determined for all type strains of the species of the Leptospiraceae. Three clades were identified within the genus Leptospira, composed of pathogenic species, nonpathogenic species, and another clade of undetermined pathogenicity with intermediate 16S rRNA gene sequence relatedness. All type strains could be identified by 16S rRNA gene sequences, but within both pathogenic and nonpathogenic clades as few as two or three base pairs separated some species. Sequences within the nonpathogenic clade were more similar, and in most cases :510 bp distinguished these species. These sequences provide a reference standard for identification of Leptospira species and confirm previously established relationships within the genus. 16S rRNA gene sequencing is a powerful method for identification in the clinical laboratory and offers a simplified approach to the identification of Leptospira species. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Levett, PN (reprint author), Saskatchewan Hlth, Prov Lab, 3211 Albert St, Regina, SK S4S 5W6, Canada. EM plevett@health.gov.sk.ca NR 32 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 10 BP 3510 EP 3516 DI 10.1128/JCM.00670-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 093AF UT WOS:000241138800007 PM 17021075 ER PT J AU Qvarnstrom, Y Visvesvara, GS Sriram, R da Silva, AJ AF Qvarnstrom, Yvonne Visvesvara, Govinda S. Sriram, Rama da Silva, Alexandre J. TI Multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Naegleria fowleri SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; NONCONTACT LENS WEARERS; SEQUENCE TYPES; DIAGNOSIS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; KERATITIS; 18S AB Infections caused by Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp., and Balamuthia mandrillaris occur throughout the world and pose many diagnostic challenges. To date, at least 440 cases of severe central nervous system infections caused by these amebas have been documented worldwide. Rapid and specific identification of these free-living amebas in clinical samples is of crucial importance for efficient case management. We have developed a triplex real-time TaqMan PCR assay that can simultaneously identify Acanthamoeba spp., B. mandrillaris, and N. fowleri in the same PCR vessel. The assay was validated with 22 well-characterized amebic strains harvested from cultures and nine clinical specimens that were previously characterized by in vitro culture and/or immunofluorescence assay. The triplex assay demonstrated high specificity and a rapid test completion time of less than 5 It from the reception of the specimen in the laboratory. This assay was able to detect one single ameba per sample analyzed, as determined with cerebrospinal fluid spiked with diluted cultured amebas. This assay could become useful for fast laboratory diagnostic assessment of amebic infections (caused by free-living amebas) in laboratories with adequate infrastructure to perform real-time PCR testing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. RP da Silva, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4700 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM abs8@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 10 BP 3589 EP 3595 DI 10.1128/JCM.00875-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 093AF UT WOS:000241138800020 PM 17021087 ER PT J AU Neverov, AA Riddell, MA Moss, WJ Volokhov, DV Rota, PA Lowe, LE Chibo, D Smit, SB Griffin, DE Chumakov, KM Chizhikov, VE AF Neverov, Alexander A. Riddell, Michaela A. Moss, William J. Volokhov, Dmitriy V. Rota, Paul A. Lowe, Luis E. Chibo, Doris Smit, Sheilagh B. Griffin, Diane E. Chumakov, Konstantin M. Chizhikov, Vladimir E. TI Genotyping of measles virus in clinical specimens on the basis of oligonucleotide microarray hybridization patterns SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; OUTBREAK INVESTIGATIONS; MUMPS-VIRUS; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; ELIMINATION; AUSTRALIA; DNA; CIRCULATION; AFRICA AB An oligonucleotide microarray hybridization method for identification of most known measles virus (MV) genotypes was developed. Like the conventional genotyping method, the microarray relied on detecting sequence differences in the 450-nucleotide region coding for the COOH-terminal 150 amino acids of the nucleoprotein (N). This region was amplified using PCR primers binding to all known MV genotypes. The microarray included 71 pairs of oligonucleotide probes (oligoprobes) immobilized on glass slides. Each pair consisted of a genotype-specific oligoprobe, which matched the sequence of only one target genotype, and a control oligoprobe, which contained mismatches at the nucleotide positions unique to this genotype. A pattern recognition algorithm based on cluster analysis of the ratios of hybridization signals from specific and control oligoprobes was used to identify the specific W genotype. Following the initial validation, the method was used for rapid genotyping of two panels of coded samples. The results of this study showed good sensitivity (90.7%), specificity (100%), and genotype agreement (91.8%) for the new method compared to the results of genotyping conducted using phylogenetic analysis of viral sequences of the C terminus of the N gene. In addition, the microarray demonstrated the ability to identify potential new genotypes of MV based on the similarity of their hybridization patterns with those of known MV genotypes. C1 US FDA, LMD, CBER, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. WHO, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Branch, Global Measles Ref Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Victorian Infect Dis Ref Lab, Western Pacific Reg Measles Ref Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Vaccine Preventable Virus Infect Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol, Inst Mol Biol, Koltsov, Novosibirsk Reg, Russia. RP Neverov, AA (reprint author), US FDA, LMD, CBER, HFM-470,1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM alexander.neverov@fda.hhs.gov OI Chibo, Doris/0000-0002-6950-6910; Riddell, Michaela/0000-0001-8852-0569 NR 38 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 10 BP 3752 EP 3759 DI 10.1128/JCM.00998-06 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 093AF UT WOS:000241138800042 PM 17021105 ER PT J AU Ickovics, JR Meade, CS Kershaw, TS Milan, S Lewis, JB Ethier, KA AF Ickovics, Jeannette R. Meade, Christina S. Kershaw, Trace S. Milan, Stephanie Lewis, Jessica B. Ethier, Kathleen A. TI Urban teens: Trauma, posttraumatic growth, and emotional distress among female adolescents SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescents; posttraumatic growth; emotional distress; multilevel modeling; hierarchical linear modeling ID STAGE BREAST-CANCER; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; FINDING BENEFIT; STRESS-DISORDER; SEXUAL ASSAULT; MENTAL-HEALTH; WOMEN; CHILDREN; LIFE; PREVALENCE AB Urban teens face many traumas, with implications for potential growth and distress. This study examined traumatic events, posttraumatic growth, and emotional distress over 18 months among urban adolescent girls (N = 328). Objectives were to (a) describe types of traumatic events, (b) determine how type and timing of events relate to profiles of posttraumatic growth, and (c) prospectively examine effects of event type and posttraumatic growth on short- and long-term emotional distress with controls for pre-event distress. Results indicate that type of event was related to profiles of posttraumatic growth, but not with subsequent emotional distress. When baseline emotional distress was controlled, posttraumatic growth was associated with subsequent reductions in short- and long-term emotional distress. Implications for future research and clinical practice with adolescents are addressed. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ickovics, JR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 60 Coll St,Room 432, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM jeannette.ickovics@yale.edu FU NIDA NIH HHS [P01 MH/DA 56826]; NIMH NIH HHS [T32 MH20031] NR 67 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 BP 841 EP 850 DI 10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.841 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 097GO UT WOS:000241435400005 PM 17032088 ER PT J AU Hubbard, B AF Hubbard, Brian TI Working to build healthy communities: Community environmental health assessments using PACE EH SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hubbard, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bhubbard@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD OCT PY 2006 VL 69 IS 3 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 092IZ UT WOS:000241091500006 PM 17066948 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS AF Coughlin, Steven S. TI Hope, ethics, and public health SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADVANCED CANCER; ADULTS; CARE AB Considerations of hope and hopefulness should figure more prominently in ethics frameworks and other conceptual models for public health practice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & HLth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & HLth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sic9@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD OCT PY 2006 VL 60 IS 10 BP 826 EP 827 DI 10.1136/jech.2006.047431 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 083YJ UT WOS:000240495000001 PM 16973524 ER PT J AU De Santis-Kerr, AC Raghavan, M Glickman, NW Caldanaro, RJ Moore, GE Lewis, HB Schantz, PM Glickman, LT AF De Santis-Kerr, Andrea C. Raghavan, Malathi Glickman, Nita W. Caldanaro, Richard J. Moore, George E. Lewis, Hugh B. Schantz, Peter M. Glickman, Lawrence T. TI Prevalence and risk factors for Giardia and coccidia species of pet cats in 2003-2004 SO JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article ID DOGS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; INFECTIONS; IGG AB Prevalence and risk factors for feline coccidia and Giardia species infections were estimated for cats visiting 434 Banfield hospitals in 40 states in 2003-2004. Evaluated were 631,021 cats making 1,456,712 office visits (encounters) and having 211,105 fecal examinations. The overall fecal prevalences of coccidia and Giardia species were 1.4% and 0.58%, respectively. Cats at increased risk of coccidia infection were under 4 years of age, intact, and seen during the summer, fall, and spring months compared to winter. Cats at increased risk of Giardia species infection were under 4 years of age. Those at decreased risk were mixed breed and seen during the summer, fall, and spring. The highest regional risk of coccidia and Giardia species infection was for cats in the East South Central region and Mountain region, respectively, compared to the South Pacific region. (C) 2006 ESFM and AAFP. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Banfield Pet Hosp, Portland, OR 97220 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP De Santis-Kerr, AC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, 725 Harrison St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM desantia@purdue.edu FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [R01 CI000093] NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 1098-612X J9 J FELINE MED SURG JI J. Feline Med. Surg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 292 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.jfms.2006.02.005 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 091VP UT WOS:000241056700001 PM 16678461 ER PT J AU Green, LR Selman, CA Radke, V Ripley, D Mack, JC Reimann, DW Stigger, T Motsinger, M Bushnell, L AF Green, Laura R. Selman, Carol A. Radke, Vincent Ripley, Danny Mack, James C. Reimann, David W. Stigger, Tammi Motsinger, Michelle Bushnell, Lisa TI Food worker hand washing practices: An observation study SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BLAND SOAP; BACTERIA; EFFICACY; SAFETY AB Improvement of food worker hand washing practices is critical to the reduction of foodborne illness and is dependent upon a clear understanding of current hand washing practices. To that end, this study collected detailed observational data on food worker hand washing practices. Food workers (n = 321) were observed preparing food, and data were recorded on specific work activities for which hand washing is recommended (e.g., food preparation, handling dirty equipment). Data were also recorded on hand washing behaviors that occurred in conjunction with these work activities. Results indicated that workers engaged in approximately 8.6 work activities per hour for which hand washing is recommended. However, workers made hand washing attempts (i.e., removed gloves, if worn, and placed hands in running water) in only 32% of these activities and washed their hands appropriately (i.e., removed gloves, if worn, placed hands in running water, used soap, and dried hands) in only 27% of these work activities. Attempted and appropriate hand washing rates varied by work activity-they were significantly higher in conjunction with food preparation than other work activities (46 versus <= 37% for attempted band washing; 41 versus <= 30% for appropriate hand washing) and were significantly lower in conjunction with touching the body than other work activities (13 versus >= 27% for attempted hand washing; 10 versus >= 23% for appropriate hand washing). Attempted and appropriate hand washing rates were significantly lower when gloves were worn (18 and 16%) than when gloves were not worn (37 and 30%). These findings suggest that the hand washing practices of food workers need to be improved, glove use may reduce hand washing, and restaurants should consider reorganizing their food preparation activities to reduce the frequency with which hand washing is needed. C1 RTI Int, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Metropubl Hlth Dept, Food Div, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Oregon Hlth Serv, Off Publ Hlth Syst, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. RARE Hosp Int Inc, Atlanta, GA 30350 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Consumer Protect Div, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Food Protect Program, Div Environm Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. RP Green, LR (reprint author), RTI Int, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lgreen@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 16 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2417 EP 2423 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 092VC UT WOS:000241124400015 PM 17066921 ER PT J AU Hoefer, D Malone, S Frenzen, P Niarcus, R Scallan, E Zansky, S AF Hoefer, Dina Malone, Shauna Frenzen, Paul Niarcus, Ruthanne Scallan, Elaine Zansky, Shelley TI Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the use of irradiated meat among respondents to the FoodNet Population Survey in Connecticut and New York SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ILLNESS; SAFETY; CHICKEN AB Irradiation of fresh meat to control microbial pathogens received approval from the federal government in February 2000. Food irradiation is a useful, albeit undermilized, process that can help protect the public from foodborne illnesses. The objective of this study was to determine consumer knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward irradiated meat products. Data were obtained from a single-stage random-digit dialing telephone survey of residents of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites conducted in 2002 to 2003, which included supplemental questions about food safety and irradiated meat for residents of the Connecticut and New York sites. Thirty-seven percent of 3,104 respondents knew that irradiated fresh meat was available for purchase; however, only 2% found the product where they shopped. Knowledge of product availability was significantly influenced by whether a respondent lived in a county with one or more grocery stores operated by chain A, which had actively promoted the sale of irradiated fresh ground beef during the survey period. In a logistic regression model, after adjusting for other factors, respondents living in a county with chain A were more likely to know that irradiated products could be purchased than respondents living in other counties (odds ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 2.5). This finding suggests that public education efforts by an individual grocery store chain can have an important effect on knowledge of irradiated food. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hoefer, D (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. EM dxh13@health.state.ny.us NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2441 EP 2446 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 092VC UT WOS:000241124400019 PM 17066925 ER PT J AU Perz, JF Armstrong, GL Farrington, LA Hutin, YJF Bell, BP AF Perz, Joseph F. Armstrong, Gregory L. Farrington, Leigh A. Hutin, Yvan J. F. Bell, Beth P. TI The contributions of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer worldwide SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cirrhosis; hepatocellular carcinoma; liver cancer; hepatitis B virus; hepatitis C virus ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; RISK-FACTORS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; HIGH PREVALENCE; GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; EGYPTIAN PATIENTS; SAUDI-ARABIA; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CLINICAL-FEATURES; DISEASE BURDEN AB Background/Aims: End-stage liver disease accounts for one in forty deaths worldwide. Chronic infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are well-recognized risk factors for cirrhosis and liver cancer, but estimates of their contributions to worldwide disease burden have been lacking. Methods: The prevalence of serologic markers of HBV and HCV infections among patients diagnosed with cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was obtained from representative samples of published reports. Attributable fractions of cirrhosis and HCC due to these infections were estimated for 11 WHO-based regions. Results: Globally, 57% of cirrhosis was attributable to either HBV (30%) or HCV (27%) and 78% of HCC was attributable to HBV (53%) or HCV (25%). Regionally, these infections usually accounted for > 50% of HCC and cirrhosis. Applied to 2002 worldwide mortality estimates, these fractions represent 929,000 deaths due to chronic HBV and HCV infections, including 446,000 cirrhosis deaths (HBV: n = 235,000; HCV: n = 211,000) and 483,000 liver cancer deaths (HBV: n = 328,000; HCV: n = 155,000). Conclusions: HBV and HCV infections account for the majority of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer throughout most of the world, highlighting the need for programs to prevent new infections and provide medical management and treatment for those already infected. (c) 2006 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Dept Blood Safety & Clin Technol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Perz, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jperz@cdc.gov NR 116 TC 1034 Z9 1085 U1 28 U2 144 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 45 IS 4 BP 529 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.05.013 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 094YU UT WOS:000241276100017 PM 16879891 ER PT J AU Subbarao, S Otten, RA Ramos, A Kim, C Jackson, E Monsour, M Adams, DR Bashirian, S Johnson, J Soriano, V Rendon, A Hudgens, MG Butera, S Janssen, R Paxton, L Greenberg, AE Folks, TM AF Subbarao, Shambavi Otten, Ronald A. Ramos, Artur Kim, Caryn Jackson, Eddie Monsour, Michael Adams, Debra R. Bashirian, Sheila Johnson, Jeffrey Soriano, Vincent Rendon, Ana Hudgens, Michael G. Butera, Salvatore Janssen, Robert Paxton, Lynn Greenberg, Alan E. Folks, Thomas M. TI Chemoprophylaxis with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate provided partial protection against infection with simian human immunodeficiency virus in macaques given multiple virus challenges SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY FEB 22-25, 2005 CL Boston, MA ID SINGLE-DOSE NEVIRAPINE; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIRETROVIRAL ACTIVITY; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; NEWBORN MACAQUES; RHESUS MACAQUES; HIV; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; PHARMACOKINETICS AB We examined the efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in blocking simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in Chinese rhesus macaques. Once weekly for 14 weeks or until a macaque became infected, 12 male macaques were inoculated intrarectally with amounts of SHIVSF162P3 (10 median tissue culture infective doses; virus particles) that were similar to 5-fold higher than the human immunodeficiency virus 3.8 x 10(5) type 1 RNA levels noted in human semen during an acute infection. Of the 12 macaques, 4 received oral TDF daily, 4 received oral TDF once weekly, and 4 (control animals) received no TDF. The control animals became infected after receiving a median of 1.5 virus inoculations; macaques receiving TDF daily (1 macaque remained uninfected after 14 inoculations) and those receiving TDF weekly became infected after a median duration of 6.0 and 7.0 weeks, respectively. Although infection was delayed in treated macaques, compared with control macaques, the differences were not statistically significant however, the study was limited by the (P = .315); small numbers of animals evaluated and the variability in blood levels of TDF that resulted from oral dosing. These data demonstrate that treatment with oral TDF provided partial protection against SHIV infection but ultimately did not protect all TDF treated animals against multiple virus challenges. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div HIV AIDS Prevent,Natl Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Sci Resources Program,Natl Ct, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Hosp Carlos III, Dept Infect Dis, Madrid, Spain. RP Subbarao, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div HIV AIDS Prevent,Natl Ctr, MS G-19,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sfs2@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI50410-08] NR 35 TC 138 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 7 BP 904 EP 911 DI 10.1086/507306 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 081LE UT WOS:000240318300006 PM 16960777 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Warren, M Sullivan, JS Galland, GG Strobert, E Nace, D Williams, A Williams, T Barnwell, JW AF Collins, William E. Warren, McWilson Sullivan, Joann S. Galland, G. Gale Strobert, Elizabeth Nace, Douglas Williams, Allison Williams, Tyrone Barnwell, John W. TI Studies on sporozoite-induced and chronic infections with Plasmodium fragile in Macaca mulatta and new world monkeys SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN-MALARIA; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; MOSQUITO INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; ERYTHROCYTES; FALCIPARUM; KNOWLESI; CYTOADHERENCE; MODEL; HOST AB Plasmodium fragile continues to be investigated because of its biologic similarities to the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Two strains of P. fragile are available for study; one strain is able to infect mosquitoes, whereas the other strain is transmissible only by blood inoculation. The Sri Lanka strain of P. fragile was transmitted to Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, Aotus nancymaae, Aotus vociferans, and Saimiri boliviensis monkeys via sporozoites that developed to maturity only in Anopheles dirus mosquitoes. The prepatent periods ranged from 12 to 35 days for macaques and from 15 to 30 days for New World monkeys after intravenous injection of sporozoites. Eight rhesus monkeys were infected with the Nilgiri strain and followed for 482 days. Parasitemia in 6 animals persisted at relatively high density through the period of observation. Erythrocyte, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values reached their lowest levels 3 wk after infection and slowly recovered; however, the values did not approach preinfection levels as long as parasiternia persisted in the monkeys. The mean corpuscular volume and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration reached their peak and lowest values, respectively, at day 38 and then returned to the preinfection level. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin value decreased to its lowest level at day 87 and then returned to preinfection level. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30338 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1019 EP 1026 DI 10.1645/GE-848R.1 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 105SJ UT WOS:000242052300019 PM 17152944 ER PT J AU Green, MD AF Green, M. D. TI Antimalarial drug resistance and the importance of drug quality monitoring SO JOURNAL OF POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Consultation on Drug Resistance in Malaria - Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Bombay, INDIA DE antimalarials; counterfeit drugs; resistance; substandard drugs ID SOUTHEAST-ASIA; ARTESUNATE; MALARIA AB The availability of counterfeit and poor quality drugs contribute to resistance and erroneous efficacy study results as well as directly affecting the health of individuals. This report describes the importance of drug quality monitoring as part of a comprehensive disease surveillance program. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Green, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mgreen@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS PI MUMBAI PA A-108-109 KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, GHAKTOPAR, MUMBAI, 400075, INDIA SN 0022-3859 J9 J POSTGRAD MED JI J. Postgrad. Med. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 52 IS 4 BP 288 EP 290 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 113TA UT WOS:000242619100015 PM 17102548 ER PT J AU Subar, AF Dodd, KW Guenther, PM Kipnis, V Midthune, D McDowell, M Tooze, JA Freedman, LS Krebs-Smith, SM AF Subar, Amy F. Dodd, Kevin W. Guenther, Patricia M. Kipnis, Victor Midthune, Douglas McDowell, Margaret Tooze, Janet A. Freedman, Laurence S. Krebs-Smith, Susan M. TI The Food Propensity Questionnaire: Concept, development, and validation for use as a covariate in a model to estimate usual food intake SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIETARY MEASUREMENT ERROR; FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRES; SAMPLE AB Objective Twenty-four- hour recalls capture rich information on food consumption, but suffer from inadequately measuring usual intakes of episodically consumed foods. We explore using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data as covariates in a statistical model to estimate individual usual intakes of episodically consumed foods and their distributions and describe the development of the Food Propensity Questionnaire, an FFQ introduced in the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Design We analyzed data from 965 adult participants in the Eating at America's Table Study who completed four 24-hour recalls and an FFQ. We assessed whether or not increasing FFQ-reported frequency was associated with both number of 24-hour recall consumption days and amounts reported. Results For 52 of 56 food groups (93%), and 218 of 230 individual foods (95%), there were significant monotonically increasing relationships between FFQ frequency and 24-hour recall probability of consumption. For 47 of 56 food groups (84%) and 55 of 230 (24%) individual foods, there were significant positive correlations between FFQ frequencies and consumption-day mean intake. Conclusions We found strong and consistent relationships between reported FFQ frequency of food and food-group consumption and probability of consumption on 24-hour recalls. This supports the premise that frequency data may offer important covariate information in supplementing multiple recalls for estimating usual intake of food groups. C1 NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Biostat Sect, Winston Salem, NC USA. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Biostat Unit, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. RP Subar, AF (reprint author), NCI, 6130 Execut Blvd,EPN 4005,MSC 7344, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM subara@mail.nih.gov NR 23 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 106 IS 10 BP 1556 EP 1563 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.07.002 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 090BI UT WOS:000240925200012 PM 17000188 ER PT J AU Stroud, L Ross, LE Rose, SW AF Stroud, Leonardo Ross, Louie E. Rose, Shyanika W. TI Formative evaluation of the prostate cancer screening practices of African-American physicians SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; screening; prostate-specific antigen ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; GUIDELINES; UPDATE AB Background: Clinical guidelines for using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test as a population-based tool vary. This study qualitatively explores the prostate cancer screening practices of African-American primary care physicians. Methods: Eight telephone focus groups were conducted with 41 African-American primary care physicians from 22 states. Data were coded on five major topic areas relative to provider screening practices: use of serum PSA and digital rectal examination (DRE), counseling routine, factors influencing screening practices, familiarity with clinical guidelines, and use of educational materials Results: Almost all (95%) of the physicians routinely recommended and offered prostate cancer screening to their patients, which was universally defined as consisting of both a PSA test and DRE. Most physicians reported offering the PSA test to asymptomatic, non-African-American men beginning around age 50, but African-American men or men with a family history of prostate cancer were offered the PSA test 5-10 years earlier. Conclusions: The observed practice patterns for prostate cancer screening among African-American primary care physicians do not evenly reflect both sides of the PSA screening controversy. For most physicians, concerns about prostate cancer in their patients outweighed concerns about the potential limitations of screening and the untoward side effects of treatment. These physicians adopted a more proactive approach toward use of the PSA test in asymptomatic men irrespective of their race or ethnicity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Ctrs Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Durham, NC USA. RP Ross, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lor3@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 10 BP 1637 EP 1643 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 094EH UT WOS:000241221800010 PM 17052055 ER PT J AU Coronado, F Musa, N El Tayeb, EA Haithami, S Dabbagh, A Mahoney, F Nandy, R Cairns, L AF Coronado, Fatima Musa, Nisreen El Tayeb, El Sayed Ahmed Haithami, Salah Dabbagh, Alya Mahoney, Frank Nandy, Robin Cairns, Lisa TI Retrospective measles outbreak investigation: Sudan, 2004 SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID ELIMINATION AB Recent population-based studies of measles incidence and deaths in Sudan are not available. To determine the epidemiology and case-fatality rate (CFR) of measles, we conducted a retrospective outbreak investigation in two states in northern Sudan. Of 1144 case-patients identified, 92% were <15 years; 48.6% were vaccinated; and 62% received vitamin A before illness. Ten measles-associated deaths were identified (CFR 0.9%; 95% confidence interval 0.16-1.91). CFR determined by this investigation is lower than expected for the region but remains 10 times higher than that in developed countries. Measles control should be strengthened by improving vaccine coverage, measles surveillance and case-management. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Fed Minist Hlth, Khartoum, Sudan. WHO, Khartoum, Sudan. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Coronado, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-92, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fcoronado@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-6338 J9 J TROP PEDIATRICS JI J. Trop. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 52 IS 5 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1093/tropej/fml026 PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine SC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine GA 090DV UT WOS:000240931700006 PM 16735363 ER PT J AU Christensen, C Bruden, D Livingston, S Deubner, H Homan, C Smith, K Oh, E Gretch, D Williams, J McMahon, B AF Christensen, C. Bruden, D. Livingston, S. Deubner, H. Homan, C. Smith, K. Oh, E. Gretch, D. Williams, J. McMahon, B. TI Diagnostic accuracy of a fibrosis serum panel (FIBROSpect II) compared with Knodell and Ishak liver biopsy scores in chronic hepatitis C patients SO JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C; liver biopsy; liver fibrosis; serodiagnostic panel ID UNITED-STATES; TRANSAMINASE; CIRRHOSIS; OUTCOMES; MARKERS AB Liver biopsy is the primary method of assessing liver injury in hepatitis C patients. FIBROSpect II (FS), a diagnostic panel of three extracellular matrix remodelling markers, may be useful as a noninvasive alternative to this procedure. The purpose of this study was to correlate FS results with liver fibrosis scores to determine if this test is sufficiently accurate to be a viable alternative to liver biopsy. A total of 142 serum specimens were evaluated for fibrosis with FS and were compared with Knodell and Ishak fibrosis scores. FS reports an index score ranging from 0.1 to 1.0, which corresponds to the probability of progressive liver fibrosis. Using a FS index cut-off of 0.42, 50 of 54 patients with Ishak 3-6 were classified as having advanced fibrosis (METAVIR F2-F4) and 58 of 88 patients with Ishak 0-2 as having no/mild fibrosis (METAVIR F0-F1), resulting in a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 66%, and an overall test accuracy of 76%. With a 38% prevalence of advanced fibrosis, the negative predictive value was 94% and positive predictive value was 63%. A biopsy length of >= 2 cm was associated with higher concordance between FS results and liver fibrosis scores (P = 0.01). FS was clinically useful in ruling out advanced fibrosis in hepatitis C by identifying patients with mild disease in whom treatment could be deferred. The limitation of this test is its decreased sensitivity and specificity in the middle of the test's reporting range between scores of 0.42 and 0.80. C1 Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. Prometheus Labs Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Christensen, C (reprint author), ANC HEP, Alaska Nat Med Ctr, 4315 Diplomacy Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cchriste@anmc.org FU PHS HHS [U19A148124] NR 16 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1352-0504 J9 J VIRAL HEPATITIS JI J. Viral Hepatitis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 10 BP 652 EP 658 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00743.x PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 084JC UT WOS:000240528200002 PM 16970596 ER PT J AU Mercader, S Featherstone, D Bellini, WJ AF Mercader, Sara Featherstone, David Bellini, William J. TI Comparison of available methods to elute serum from dried blood spot samples for measles serology SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE filter paper blood spot; enzyme immunoassay; IgM detection; IgG detection; protocol; elution ID FILTER-PAPER BLOOD; COMMERCIAL ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; DOT-IMMUNOBINDING ASSAY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; HEPATITIS-B; INHIBITION TESTS; RUBELLA-VIRUS; MUMPS-VIRUS; ORAL FLUID AB Six existing protocols for the extraction of serum from blood spots dried onto filter paper were compared. Assessment criteria included: detection of measles IgM and IgG by the Dade Behring Enzygnost (R) immunoassays, volumes of recovered eluates, reproducibility, processing time and throughput, difficulty of protocol, equipment required, safety and estimated costs. Detection of measles IgM in eluates obtained by four of these protocols was as in serum, and significant differences were only observed in eluates from the two remaining protocols (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found between extraction protocols regarding measles-specific IgG detection when an IgG indeterminate DBS was analyzed (p < 0.05), but not when an IgG positive and negative DBS were studied. Sufficient eluate volumes were recovered for testing in the IgM Behring assay following all protocols but two. Sufficient eluate was recovered for testing in the IgG Behring assay following all six protocols. While all protocols were relatively easy to perform, only two protocols required less than 2 h for completion. In general, compared protocols performed well on the extraction of antibodies from DBS for serology with differences being observed with eluate volume recovery, turn around time, required equipment and cost. An easy-to-implement protocol is proposed for the rapid extraction of serum for measles/rubella serology in outbreak situations for use in the World Health Organization Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpes Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Immunizat Vaccines & Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Mercader, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpes Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SMercader@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 2006 VL 137 IS 1 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.06.018 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 084KE UT WOS:000240531000020 PM 16860401 ER PT J AU Norberg, P Liljeqvist, JA Bergstrom, T Sammons, S Schmid, DS Loparev, VN AF Norberg, Peter Liljeqvist, Jan-Ake Bergstrom, Tomas Sammons, Scott Schmid, D. Scott Loparev, Vladimir N. TI Complete-genome phylogenetic approach to varicella-zoster virus evolution: genetic divergence and evidence for recombination SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; GLYCOPROTEIN B GENE; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; STRAIN VARIATION; NORTH-AMERICA; VACCINE VIRUS; TYPE-1; GENOTYPES AB Recent studies of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA sequence variation, involving large numbers of globally distributed clinical isolates, suggest that this virus has diverged into at least three distinct genotypes designated European (E), Japanese (J), and mosaic (M). In the present study, we determined and analyzed the complete genomic sequences of two M VZV strains and compared them to the sequences of three E strains and two J strains retrieved from GenBank (including the Oka vaccine preparation, V-Oka). Except for a few polymorphic tandem repeat regions, the whole genome, representing approximately 125,000 nucleotides, is highly conserved, presenting a genetic similarity between the E and J genotypes of approximately 99.85%. These analyses revealed that VZV strains distinctly segregate into at least four genotypes (E, J, M1, and M2) in phylogenetic trees supported by high bootstrap values. Separate analyses of informative sites revealed that the tree topology was dependent on the region of the VZV genome used to determine the phylogeny; collectively, these results indicate the observed strain variation is likely to have resulted, at least in part, from interstrain recombination. Recombination analyses suggest that strains belonging to the M1 and M2 genotypes are mosaic recombinant strains that originated from ancestral isolates belonging to the E and J genotypes through recombination on multiple occasions. Furthermore, evidence of more recent recombination events between M1 and M2 strains is present in six segments of the VZV genome. As such, interstrain recombination in dually infected cells seems to figure prominently in the evolutionary history of VZV, a feature it has in common with other herpesviruses. In addition, we report here six novel genomic targets located in open reading frames 51 to 58 suitable for genotyping of clinical VZV isolates. C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Clin Virol, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl VZV Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Norberg, P (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Clin Virol, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM peter.norberg@microbio.gu.se OI Bergstrom, Tomas/0000-0002-9257-6757 NR 47 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 80 IS 19 BP 9569 EP 9576 DI 10.1128/JVI.00835-06 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 086BD UT WOS:000240647200020 PM 16973560 ER PT J AU Cox, S Posner, SF McPheeters, M Jamieson, DJ Kourtis, AP Meikle, S AF Cox, Shanna Posner, Samuel F. McPheeters, Melissa Jamieson, Denise J. Kourtis, Athena P. Meikle, Susan TI Influenza and pregnant women: Hospitalization burden, United States, 1998-2002 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Women in later stages of pregnancy are at increased risk for serious influenza-related morbidity; thus, universal influenza vaccination of pregnant women is recommended. However, vaccine uptake in the United States has been suboptimal. We previously described the burden of severe influenza-related morbidity during pregnancy in the United States by examining hospitalizations of pregnant women with respiratory illness during influenza season. Nondelivery hospitalizations with respiratory illness had significantly longer lengths of stay than those without respiratory illness. Hospitalization characteristics associated with greater likelihood of respiratory illness were the presence of a high-risk condition for which influenza vaccination is recommended, Medicaid/Medicare as primary expected payer, and hospitalization in a rural area. These findings may be explained by these women being at higher risk of influenza-related morbidity or reflect disparities in receipt of influenza immunization. Universal vaccination of pregnant women to decrease influenza-related morbidity should be encouraged. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Div Gen Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Posner, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-20, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM shps5@cdc.gov RI Cox, Shanna/F-4806-2011; OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 8 BP 891 EP 893 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.891 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 104VX UT WOS:000241989800001 PM 17087611 ER PT J AU Doshi, SR Jiles, R AF Doshi, Sonal R. Jiles, Ruth TI Health behaviors among American Indian/Alaska native women, 1998-2000 BRFSS SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; INDIAN WOMEN; DISEASE RISK; TRENDS; RESERVATION; POPULATION; PATTERNS AB Background and objective: Minority populations, including American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN), in the United States generally experience a disproportionate share of adverse health outcomes compared with whites. The prevalence of risk behaviors associated with these adverse health outcomes among AI/AN women is not well documented, especially for those who live outside areas serviced by Indian Health Service. We sought to describe the prevalence of selected health risk behaviors among AI/AN women, document the disparities between AI/AN women and all U. S. women, and demonstrate the efforts needed for AI/AN women to reach Healthy People 2010 goals. Methods: Age-adjusted prevalence estimates for selected sociodemographic characteristics, current smoking, obesity, lack of leisure time physical activity, and binge drinking were calculated using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 1998 to 2000, combined. Comparisons were made between prevalence estimates for AI/AN women and all women who participated in the BRFSS and Health People 2010 goals Results: The prevalences of current smoking (27.8%) and obesity (26.8%) were significantly higher among AI/AN women than among all U. S. women. AI/AN women did not meet Healthy People 2010 goals for current smoking, obesity, leisure time physical activity, or binge drinking. Conclusions: These data highlight both disparities in health risk behaviors between AI/AN women and all U. S. women and improvements needed for AI/AN women to meet Healthy People 2010 goals. This project demonstrates the overwhelming need for culturally appropriate and accessible prevention programs to address health risk behaviors associated with the leading causes of death among urbanized AI/AN women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Doshi, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS-K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sdoshi@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 8 BP 919 EP 927 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.919 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 104VX UT WOS:000241989800005 PM 17087615 ER PT J AU Gould, KA Carter, DR Shrestha, RK AF Gould, Kevin A. Carter, Douglas R. Shrestha, Ram K. TI Extra-legal land market dynamics on a Guatemalan agricultural frontier: Implications for neoliberal land policies SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Guatemala; neoliberal; land administration; regularization; agricultural frontier; Latin America; land market; land title; property rights; deforestation ID PROPERTY-RIGHTS; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; AMAZON FRONTIER; TENURE; PETEN; EVOLUTION; VALUES; REFORM; WORLD AB Neoliberal land policies such as land administration seek to improve property rights and the efficiency of land markets to boost rural economic production., Quantitative studies of pre-existing land markets can help planners to tailor these policies to local conditions. In this article we examine an extra-legal land market currently being modernized by a World Bank-sponsored land administration effort. Specifically, we use a hedonic-type revealed preference model and household survey data to estimate the factors affecting extra-legal land prices along an agricultural frontier in Peten, Guatemala. Our model indicates that land value is significantly affected by land attributes including location, tenure status, presence of water, distance to roads, and distance to landowners' homes, and that land prices in the northwestern Peten are estimated to have risen on average 26.5% per year between 1977 and 2000. We contend that this rate of increase provides a strong incentive for colonists to speculate in land rather than invest in state sanctioned property rights. We conclude that if frontier development programs, such as land administration, are to become attractive to settlers in Peten and elsewhere, they must compete favorably with economic incentives associated with land speculation, or alternatively, target landowners who are not interested in playing the land market. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gould, KA (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. EM kgould6505@yahoo.com; drcart@ufl.edu; biu0@cdc.gov NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8377 J9 LAND USE POLICY JI Land Use Pol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 4 BP 408 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2005.08.002 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 067SG UT WOS:000239322300005 ER PT J AU Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP AF Miller, Diane B. O'Callaghan, James P. TI The pharmacology of wakefulness SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BRAIN NEURONS; CAFFEINE; PERFORMANCE; DROSOPHILA; ALERTNESS; MEDICINE; FATIGUE AB Being awake, alert, and able to function in our 24-7 world is a challenge in the face of the fatigue and sleepiness engendered by long work hours, unusual work schedules, sickness, and other factors. Development of effective treatments to combat fatigue and sleepiness requires an understanding of the neurobiology of wakefulness. In this brief review, we examine the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and molecular basis of the wakeful state to provide a framework for understanding current and future pharmacologic approaches to modification of wakefulness. The spontaneously awake state can be defined as a natural state of vigilance or arousal differing from natural steep in both behavior and neural activity. These differences have long intrigued researchers and largely have been characterized in the brain areas and neurochemical systems affecting the sleep and wake states. Many of the strategies for promoting the awake condition involve manipulation or modulation of specific neurochemical systems with the ultimate goal of enhancing wakefulness, diminishing sleepiness, or both. Wakefulness is an important cortical function that depends on the coordinated effort of multiple brain areas including the thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain to integrate and relay information from the brainstem to the cortex. Norepinephrine and serotonin-long considered arousal-enhancing transmitters as well as glutamate, acetylcholine, histamine, and the neuromodulators hypocretin-orexins and adenosine, are known to affect the signal transduction in these brain areas and initiate, promote, or enhance wakefulness. Use of molecular tools to evaluate the awake, asleep, and sleep-deprived state has revealed novel insights concerning the gene expression events associated with wakefulness. Understanding wakefulness at this level undoubtedly will contribute to the development of pharmacologic approaches to promote or enhance the wakeful state. We caution, however, that sleep may have a necessary, restorative function for the brain; therefore, prolonging wakefulness for long periods through artificial means could have unexpected and perhaps detrimental consequences on brain health. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Miller, DB (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM dum6@cdc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 55 IS 10 SU 2 BP S13 EP S19 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.07.007 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 091XG UT WOS:000241061000004 PM 16979420 ER PT J AU Reissman, DB Schreiber, M Klomp, RW Hoover, M Kowalski-Trakofler, K Perez, J AF Reissman, Dori B. Schreiber, Merritt Klomp, Richard W. Hoover, Michele Kowalski-Trakofler, Kathleen Perez, Jon TI The virtual network supporting the front lines: Addressing emerging behavioral health problems following the tsunami of 2004 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The devastation wreaked by the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean required extensive multinational and nongovernmental relief efforts to address the massive loss of infrastructure, people, and society. This article addresses approaches to behavioral incident management from a process perspective, through the lens of one official stateside channel of emergency operations. The process highlights the formation and connectivity of multidisciplinary teams that virtually supported the efforts of a seven-person, on-scene, behavioral health team aboard the USNS Mercy as part of Operation Unified Assistance in the Indian Ocean. Frontline health diplomacy and behavioral health relief efforts were greatly augmented by the virtual network of support from leading experts around the globe. Future disaster response and recovery efforts ought to build on the success of such virtual support networks, by planning for appropriate technology, expertise, and mutual aid partnerships. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Neuropsychiat Inst & Hosp, Natl Ctr Child Traumat Stress, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Behav Hlth Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Reissman, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 171 IS 10 SU 1 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 096ZK UT WOS:000241415400016 PM 17447622 ER PT J AU Breyer, E Koticha, K Brown, WV Robinson, M AF Breyer, E. Koticha, K. Brown, W. V. Robinson, M. TI A new approach to apolipoprotein profile analysis for clinical studies SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 SU S MA 1139 BP S313 EP S313 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 098FM UT WOS:000241506401291 ER PT J AU Timmer, AM Kristian, SA Datta, V Jeng, A Gillen, CM Walker, MJ Beall, B Nizet, V AF Timmer, Anjuli M. Kristian, Sascha A. Datta, Vivekanand Jeng, Arthur Gillen, Christine M. Walker, Mark J. Beall, Bernard Nizet, Victor TI Serum opacity factor promotes group A streptococcal epithelial cell invasion and virulence SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIBRONECTIN-BINDING PROTEIN; DISTINCT CLASSES; SURFACE PROTEIN; PYOGENES; EXPRESSION; SOF; IDENTIFICATION; FIBRINOGEN; INFECTION; ADHERENCE AB Serum opacity factor (SOF) is a bifunctional cell surface protein expressed by 40-50% of group A streptococcal (GAS) strains comprised of a C-terminal domain that binds fibronectin and an N-terminal domain that mediates opacification of mammalian sera. The sof gene was recently discovered to be cotranscribed in a two-gene operon with a gene encoding another fibronectin-binding protein, sfbX. We compared the ability of a SOF(+) wild-type serotype M49 GAS strain and isogenic mutants lacking SOF or SfbX to invade cultured HEp-2 human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Elimination of SOF led to a significant decrease in HEp-2 intracellular invasion while loss of SfbX had minimal effect. The hypoinvasive phenotype of the SOF(-) mutant could be restored upon complementation with the sof gene on a plasmid vector, and heterologous expression of sof49 in M1 GAS or Lactococcus lactis conferred marked increases in HEp-2 cell invasion. Studies using a mutant sof49 gene lacking the fibronectin-binding domain indicated that the N-terminal opacification domain of SOF contributes to HEp-2 invasion independent of the C-terminal fibronectin binding domain, findings corroborated by observations that a purified SOF N-terminal peptide could promote latex bead adherence to HEp-2 cells and inhibit GAS invasion of HEp-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, the first in vivo studies to employ a single gene allelic replacement mutant of SOF demonstrate that this protein contributes to GAS virulence in a murine model of necrotizing skin infection. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Pulm & Durg Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nizet, V (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Pulm & Durg Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM vnizet@ucsd.edu RI Walker, Mark/F-6940-2011; Gillen, Christine/A-2717-2014 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI048694] NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 62 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05337.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 083FB UT WOS:000240440700003 PM 16942605 ER PT J AU Power, ML Cogswell, ME Schulkin, J AF Power, Michael L. Cogswell, Mary E. Schulkin, Jay TI Obesity of US prevention and treatment practices obstetrician-gynecologists SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PEDIATRIC NURSE PRACTITIONERS; REGISTERED DIETITIANS; WEIGHT; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDREN AB OBJECTIVE: To describe obesity prevention and treatment practices of U.S. obstetrician-gynecologists. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was mailed to 1,806 practicing members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) in February-April 2005. RESULTS: Of the 900 respondents who returned questionnaires, 82% reported using body mass index (BMI) to assess obesity; 80% reported counseling patients about weight control and 84% about physical activity "most of the time" or "often." Most reported counseling patients about diet; the most frequently recommended dietary strategies were changing eating patterns, limiting intake of specific foods, and controlling portion size. About 27% reported referring their patients for behavioral therapy "most of the time" or "often," and 35% reported ever prescribing weight loss medications to obese patients. More than 85% counseled patients about pregnancy weight gain, and 64% used the patients' prepregnancy BMI to modify their recommendations "most of the time" or "often." Respondents who completed their residency after 1996 were more likely to use patients' BMI to screen for obesity than those who finished earlier. Respondents who believed that they could help their patients lose weight (44%) were more likely to counsel their patients to do so (P <.001). CONCLUSION: A majority of obstetrician-gynecologists appear to use BMI to screen for obesity and to counsel their patients about weight control, diet, and physical activity. Many, however, do not prescribe weight loss medications or refer patients to behavioral weight loss therapy. Obstetrician-gynecologists who believe they can help patients lose weight are more likely to follow recommendations for the treatment of obesity. C1 Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Dept Res, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Power, ML (reprint author), Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Dept Res, 409 12th St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM mpower@acog.org NR 19 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 961 EP 968 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000233171.20484.db PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 171XS UT WOS:000246769300020 PM 17012460 ER PT J AU Khetsuriani, N LaMonte, A Oberste, MS Pallansch, M AF Khetsuriani, Nino LaMonte, Ashley Oberste, M. Steven Pallansch, Mark TI Neonatal enterovirus infections reported to the national enterovirus surveillance system in the United States, 1983-2003 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE enteroviruses; neonatal enterovirus infections; neonates ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MENINGITIS; DIAGNOSIS; INFANTS; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PLECONARIL; CHILDHOOD; FEBRILE; YOUNGER AB Background: Neonatal enterovirus (EV) infections lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild febrile illness to severe, sometimes fatal, sepsislike disease. Methods: To determine the relationship of EV serotypes with the risk of neonatal infection and its fatal outcome, we analyzed data reported to the National Enterovirus Surveillance System (NESS) during 1983-2003. Results: Of the 26,737 EV detections reported during this period, neonates accounted for 2544 (11.4% of those with known age). Serotypes most commonly isolated from neonates included echovirus (E) 11 (14.0% of EV with known serotype), coxsackievirus (CV) B2 (8.9%), CVB5 (7.5%), E6, E9 and CVB4 (6.8% each). CVB 1-4, E11, and E25 were significantly more common, whereas CVA16, E4, E9, E21, E30, and human parechovirus 1 (formerly E22) were less common among neonates than among persons aged >= 1 month. Fatal outcome was noted for 3.3% of reports, with neonates at a higher risk of death than persons aged >= 1 month (11.5% versus 2.5%; odds ratio [OR] 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.3-7.8). Neonates infected with CVB4 were at a higher risk of death (OR 6.5; 95% CI = 2.4-17.7) than those infected with other EV. Conclusion: EV are important neonatal pathogens associated with high risk of infection and death. Because of the limitations of the NESS (incomplete reporting, limited clinical data, bias towards more severe and younger cases), additional studies are needed to better evaluate the role of different EV in neonatal infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khetsuriani, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nkhetsuriani@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 25 IS 10 BP 889 EP 893 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000237798.07462.32 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 093WJ UT WOS:000241200700007 PM 17006282 ER PT J AU Buck, JM Lexau, C Shapiro, M Glennen, A Boxrud, DJ Koziol, B Whitney, CG Beall, B Danila, R Lynfield, R AF Buck, Jessica M. Lexau, Catherine Shapiro, Miriam Glennen, Anita Boxrud, David J. Koziol, Bonnie Whitney, Cynthia G. Beall, Bernard Danila, Richard Lynfield, Ruth TI A community outbreak of conjunctivitis caused by nontypeable Streptococcus pneumoniae in Minnesota SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE conjunctivitis; Streptococcus pneumoniae; disease outbreak ID UNITED-STATES; BACTERIOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB Background: The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) was notified of an outbreak of conjunctivitis in city A with cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Methods: MDH staff contacted clinics and schools in city A and city B regarding conjunctivitis cases, reviewed clinical findings of conjunctivitis cases in city A and collected isolates for subtyping. Results: Between September 1 and December 12, 2003, cities A and B reported 735 conjunctivitis cases. Fifty-one percent of the cases were reported from schools, childcare centers and colleges. Adults were more likely to report itching, burning or swelling of the eye(s); children were more likely to report crusty eyes (P < 0.05). Fortynine percent of conjunctival cultures (71 of 144) were positive for S. pneumoniae. All isolates were nontypeable by serotyping. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis identified 3 clonal groups with 84% of isolates belonging to one clonal group. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that isolates had the same multilocus sequence type as isolates from a 2002 outbreak at a New England college. Conclusions: This outbreak was widespread in the community and conjunctivitis clinical presentation varied by age. The predominant strains in this outbreak were related to a pneumococcal strain implicated in prior conjunctivitis outbreaks, suggesting these strains have a predilection for causing conjunctivitis. C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Buck, JM (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, 625 N Robert St,POB 64975, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. EM Jessica.buck@health.state.mn.us FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU511190] NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 25 IS 10 BP 906 EP 911 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000238143.96607.ec PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 093WJ UT WOS:000241200700011 PM 17006286 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ Stoll, BJ AF Schrag, Stephanie J. Stoll, Barbara J. TI Early-onset neonatal sepsis in the era of widespread intrapartum chemoprophylaxis SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE early onset neonatal sepsis ID B-STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; INFANTS; TRENDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 25 IS 10 BP 939 EP 940 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000239267.42561.06 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 093WJ UT WOS:000241200700017 PM 17006292 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, PG Griffin, MR Shone, LP Barth, R Zhu, YW Schaffer, S Ambrose, S Roy, J Poehling, KA Edwards, KM Walker, FJ Schwartz, B AF Szilagyi, Peter G. Griffin, Marie R. Shone, Laura P. Barth, Richard Zhu, Yuwei Schaffer, Stanley Ambrose, Sandra Roy, Jason Poehling, Katherine A. Edwards, Kathryn M. Walker, Frances J. Schwartz, Benjamin CA New Vaccine Surveillance Network TI The impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccination on routine childhood vaccination and primary care use in 2 counties SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE conjugate pneumococcal vaccination; PCV7; vaccination practices ID UNIVERSAL INFLUENZA VACCINATION; CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; NATIONAL-SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; SELF-REPORT; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; PHYSICIAN PRACTICES AB BACKGROUND. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization recommendations were rapidly implemented by primary care providers. Before the recommendations, concern was expressed that adding pneumococcal conjugate vaccine might result in delays in other vaccinations or preventive services. OBJECTIVES. The study objectives were to measure whether incorporation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by primary care providers delayed other vaccinations or added primary health care visits. DESIGN AND METHODS. In 2 counties surrounding Rochester and Nashville, we reviewed a representative sample of primary care charts for children born before and after licensure of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Receipt of vaccinations and health care visits were compared for the 2 age-matched cohorts. RESULTS. We reviewed 1459 records from Rochester and 1857 records from Nashville. The pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine cohorts had similar demographic characteristics. The median age for receipt of any vaccination was not older for the postvaccine cohort than for the prevaccine cohort in either community. The percentage of children up-to-date for vaccinations by 18 months for postvaccine versus prevaccine cohorts was similar in Rochester (72% in each cohort) and in Nashville (58% postvaccine and 65% prevaccine). The number of well-child care visits or other health care visits during the first 18 months of life was not statistically different between the 2 cohorts. CONCLUSIONS. Implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was not associated with delays in other childhood vaccinations or more primary care visits. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Szilagyi, PG (reprint author), Strong Mem Hosp, Bpx 632,601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM peter_szilagyi@urmc.rochester.edu OI Schaffer, Stanley/0000-0001-7993-1374 NR 82 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1394 EP 1402 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0314 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NZ UT WOS:000240959300009 PM 17015528 ER PT J AU Perz, JF Elm, JL Fiore, AE Huggler, JI Kuhnert, WL Effler, PV AF Perz, Joseph F. Elm, Joseph L., Jr. Fiore, Anthony E. Huggler, Janice I. Kuhnert, Wendi L. Effler, Paul V. TI Near elimination of hepatitis B virus infections among Hawaii elementary school children after universal infant hepatitis B vaccination SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY APR 06-10, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE pediatrics; school-age population; vaccination; hepatitis B virus ID LONG-TERM IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; BOOSTER; EFFICACY; POLICY AB OBJECTIVES. Hawaii implemented routine infant hepatitis B vaccination in 1992 and required it for school entry in 1997. Previously, in 1989, a serologic survey among Hawaii school children in grades 1 to 3 indicated that 1.6% had chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and 2.1% had resolved infection. We conducted a follow-up survey to examine changes in hepatitis B virus infection rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS. This study was performed in Oahu, Hawaii, during the 2001-2002 school year among children in grades 2 and 3. Consenting parents/guardians provided demographic information including place of birth. Participants were tested for serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus infection and their vaccination status was determined by reviewing school records. Rates of symptomatic acute hepatitis B among persons aged <= 19 years were calculated from cases reported from Hawaii to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1990 and 2004. RESULTS. Completed hepatitis B vaccination series were documented for 83% of the 2469 participants by age 18 months and for 97% by age 5 years. Past or present hepatitis B virus infection was detected among 6 participants (0.24%), including 1 (0.04%) with chronic infection and 5 (0.20%) with resolved infections. Compared with the 1989 survey, these prevalences represent declines of 97% and 90% in chronic and resolved hepatitis B virus infections, respectively. The incidence of symptomatic acute hepatitis B in Hawaii children and adolescents aged <= 19 years decreased from 4.5 cases per 100 000 in 1990 to 0.0 during 2002-2004. To date, the last reported case in a child aged < 15 years in Hawaii occurred in 1996. CONCLUSIONS. Hepatitis B virus infection has nearly been eliminated in Hawaii children born after universal infant hepatitis B vaccination was implemented. These findings suggest that hepatitis B prevention goals are being met through routine immunization and related prevention programs among US children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, US Dept HHS, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. State Hawaii Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Perz, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, US Dept HHS, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jperz@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1403 EP 1408 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0724 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NZ UT WOS:000240959300010 PM 17015529 ER PT J AU LeBaron, CW Bi, DL Sullivan, BJ Beck, C Gargiullo, P AF LeBaron, Charles W. Bi, Daoling Sullivan, Bradley J. Beck, Carol Gargiullo, Paul TI Evaluation of potentially common adverse events associated with the first and second doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE measles; mumps; and rubella vaccine; adverse reactions; second dose; dose schedule ID SAFETY DATALINK PROJECT; IMMUNIZATION; AGE AB BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES. In 1989, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended that school children receive 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. With measles and rubella eliminated from the United States, measles-mumps-rubella vaccine adverse events have come under scrutiny, but no study has compared the reactogenicity of the first (measles-mumps-rubella vaccine dose 1) and second (measles-mumps-rubella vaccine dose 2) doses at the most common ages of administration in the United States. METHODS. From a health maintenance organization, 3 groups of children were recruited: (1) toddlers aged 12 to 24 months receiving measles-mumps-rubella vaccine dose 1; (2) kindergartners aged 4 to 6 years receiving measles-mumps-rubella vaccine dose 2; and (3) middle schoolers aged 10 to 12 years receiving measles-mumps-rubella vaccine dose 2. From 2 weeks before measles-mumps-rubella vaccine administration until 4 weeks afterward, families recorded in diaries the occurrence of potentially common symptoms. Postvaccination symptom rates were compared with the prevaccination baseline, with significance assessed by testing incidence rate ratios estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS. Of 2173 children enrolled, 373 (17%) were lost to attrition, producing a study population of 1800. Compared with the prevaccination baseline, rates of fever, diarrhea, and rash were significantly elevated postvaccination among 535 toddlers receiving measles-mumps-rubella vaccine dose 1. An estimated net 95 (18%) experienced measles-mumps-rubella vaccine-associated events (median onset 5-10 days postvaccination, duration 2-5 days), with high fever (temperature >= 39.5 degrees C) occurring in 33 (6%). None required medical attention. For 633 kindergartners and 632 middle schoolers, symptom rates were not significantly elevated after measles-mumps-rubella vaccine dose 2 compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS. Vaccination-associated adverse events occur in similar to 1 of every 6 toddlers receiving measles-mumps-rubella vaccine dose 1, with high fever occurring in 1 of 20. Adverse events are infrequent for measles-mumps-rubella vaccine dose 2 administered to school-aged children. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI USA. RP LeBaron, CW (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM clebaron@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1422 EP 1430 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0678 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NZ UT WOS:000240959300013 PM 17015532 ER PT J AU Callaghan, WM MacDorman, MF Rasmussen, SA Qin, C Lackritz, EM AF Callaghan, William M. MacDorman, Marian F. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Qin, Cheng Lackritz, Eve M. TI The contribution of preterm birth to infant mortality rates in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE premature birth; infant mortality ID PERINATAL-MORTALITY; RISK-FACTORS; DEATH; CLASSIFICATION; SURVIVAL; ATLANTA; WEIGHT AB OBJECTIVE. Although two thirds of infant deaths in the United States occur among infants born preterm (< 37 weeks of gestation), only 17% of infant deaths are classified as being attributable to preterm birth with the standard classification of leading causes of death. To address this apparent discrepancy, we sought to estimate more accurately the contribution of preterm birth to infant mortality rates in the United States. METHODS. We identified the top 20 leading causes of infant death in 2002 in the US linked birth/infant death file. The role of preterm birth for each cause was assessed by determining the proportion of infants who were born preterm for each cause of death and by considering the biological connection between preterm birth and the specific cause of death. RESULTS. Of 27 970 records in the linked birth/infant death file for 2002, the 20 leading causes accounted for 22 273 deaths (80% of all infant deaths). Among infant deaths attributable to the 20 leading causes, we classified 9596 infant deaths (34.3% of all infant deaths) as attributable to preterm birth. Ninety-five percent of those deaths occurred among infants who were born at < 32 weeks of gestation and weighed < 1500 g, and two thirds of those deaths occurred during the first 24 hours of life. CONCLUSIONS. On the basis of this evaluation, preterm birth is the most frequent cause of infant death in the United States, accounting for at least one third of infant deaths in 2002. The extreme prematurity of most of the infants and their short survival indicate that reducing infant mortality rates requires a comprehensive agenda to identify, to test, and to implement effective strategies for the prevention of preterm birth. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Callaghan, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MSK 23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wgc0@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 221 Z9 237 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1566 EP 1573 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0860 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NZ UT WOS:000240959300029 PM 17015548 ER PT J AU Pickering, LK Wallace, G Rodewald, L AF Pickering, Larry K. Wallace, Gregory Rodewald, Lance TI Too hot, too cold: Issues with vaccine storage SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pickering, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lpickering@cdc.gov OI Rodewald, Lance/0000-0003-2593-542X NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1738 EP 1739 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1421 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NZ UT WOS:000240959300047 PM 17015566 ER PT J AU Burwell, LA Kaufman, D Blakely, J Stoll, BJ Fridkin, SK AF Burwell, Lauren A. Kaufman, David Blakely, Jennifer Stoll, Barbara J. Fridkin, Scott K. TI Antifungal prophylaxis to prevent neonatal candidiasis: A survey of perinatal physician practices SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE candidemia; prophylaxis; prevention; sepsis; survey ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; INVASIVE FUNGAL-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; FLUCONAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS; INFANTS; CANDIDEMIA; COLONIZATION; BLOOD AB BACKGROUND. Bloodstream infections with Candida species have a high mortality rate in very low birth weight infants. Preliminary data suggest that prophylaxis with fluconazole reduces the incidence of colonization and invasive Candida infections in high-risk, very low birth weight neonates. The extent of antifungal prophylaxis use to prevent neonatal candidemia is unknown. METHODS. We surveyed a 20% random sample of the members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Perinatal Pediatrics. We collected information on prophylactic agents used, indications for use, and rationale for reported practices. RESULTS. A total of 219 (47%) of 469 members sampled responded; 3 clinicians who did not provide care to very low birth weight infants were excluded. Antifungal prophylaxis use was reported by 73 (34%) respondents. Agents used included intravenous fluconazole (66%), oral nystatin (59%), and intravenous amphotericin B (21%). Decreased birth weight or early gestational age was the most frequent indication to start prophylaxis (57 [78%]). Respondents who did not use antifungal prophylaxis compared with respondents who used fluconazole prophylaxis were significantly more likely to have concerns about (1) the emergence of antifungal resistance, (2) unclear criteria on which to base the decision to start prophylaxis, and (3) the need for clarification of the role of surveillance cultures. CONCLUSIONS. Although preliminary data suggest that fluconazole is efficacious to prevent candidemia in a subset of neonates, this practice is not used widely by clinicians who care for very low birth weight infants. Additional efficacy studies should address the emergence of antifungal resistance or clarification of criteria to initiate prophylaxis, including the role of surveillance cultures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Burwell, LA (reprint author), Los Angeles Dept Publ Hlth, TB Control Program, 2615 S Grand Ave,Room 507, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. EM lburwell@ph.lacounty.gov NR 25 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 118 IS 4 BP E1019 EP E1026 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0446 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NZ UT WOS:000240959300083 PM 16982807 ER PT J AU Fiscus, SA Cheng, B Crowe, SM Demeter, L Jennings, C Miller, V Respess, R Stevens, W AF Fiscus, Susan A. Cheng, Ben Crowe, Suzanne M. Demeter, Lisa Jennings, Cheryl Miller, Veronica Respess, Richard Stevens, Wendy CA Forum Collaborative HIV Res Altern TI HIV-1 viral load assays for resource-limited settings SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE ACTIVITY; DRIED BLOOD SPOTS; P24 ANTIGEN-ASSAY; HEAT-DENATURED PLASMA; REAL-TIME PCR; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1 SUBTYPE-C; FILTER-PAPER C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Forum Collaborat HIV Res, Washington, DC USA. Macfarlane Burnet Inst Med Res & Publ Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Fiscus, SA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM fiscussa@med.unc.edu NR 92 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1743 EP 1750 AR e417 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030417 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 103YU UT WOS:000241923900023 PM 17032062 ER PT J AU Whitehead, NS Rasmussen, SA Cox, S Posner, SF AF Whitehead, Nedra S. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Cox, Shanna Posner, Samuel F. TI Prevalence and predictors of receipt of prenatal information about genetic screening SO PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; genetic screening; prenatal care ID MEDICAL RECORDS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; DOWNS-SYNDROME; OUTCOMES; RECALL; CARE; AMNIOCENTESIS; PROVIDERS; DIAGNOSIS; KNOWLEDGE AB Objective To examine the proportion of women who received information on genetic screening among those who had prenatal care and to determine whether the proportion varied by maternal characteristics. Methods We used self-reported data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), a population-based survey of recent mothers, for birth years 2000-2002. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of receiving information and to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios. Results Among women who began prenatal care in the first trimester, 86% received information on genetic screening. The strongest predictors of receiving this information were completing the questionnaire in English and having military health insurance. Conclusion Most women receive information on prenatal genetic screening, but insurance status and language preference may impact women's access to this information. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitehead, NS (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, 2951 Flowers Rd,Suite 119, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nwhitehead@rti.org OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X; Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-3851 J9 PRENATAL DIAG JI Prenat. Diagn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 26 IS 10 BP 944 EP 950 DI 10.1002/pd.1532 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 101BP UT WOS:000241714200011 PM 16838384 ER PT J AU Kavlock, R Barr, D Boekelheide, K Breslin, W Breysse, P Chapin, R Gaido, K Hodgson, E Marcus, M Shea, K Williams, P AF Kavlock, Robert Barr, Dana Boekelheide, Kim Breslin, William Breysse, Patrick Chapin, Robert Gaido, Kevin Hodgson, Ernest Marcus, Michele Shea, Katherine Williams, Paige TI NTP-CERHR Expert Panel update on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE DEHP; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; reproductive toxicity; developmental toxicity; center for the evaluation of risks to human reproduction ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; POLYVINYLCHLORIDE-INFUSION LINES; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; HYG. ENVIRON. HEALTH; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; DIETHYLHEXYL-PHTHALATE; MONO-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Greenfield, IN USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kavlock, R (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 193 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 291 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.04.007 PG 109 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 090PB UT WOS:000240962100001 PM 17068859 ER PT J AU Meeker, JD Barr, DB Hauser, R AF Meeker, John D. Barr, Dana B. Hauser, Russ TI Thyroid hormones in relation to urinary metabolites of non-persistent insecticides in men of reproductive age SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomarker; carbaryl; chlorpyrifos; endocrine; hormone; pesticide; thyroid ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; CHLORPYRIFOS; RECEPTOR AB Human exposure to contemporary-use insecticides is widespread, but effects of exposure on human endocrine function have gone largely untested to date. Samples of urine and blood were collected concurrently from 322 adult men between the years 2000 and 2003. Urine samples were analyzed for 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 1-napththol (IN), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene. Serum samples were analyzed for free T-4, total T-3, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). There was an association between TCPY and TSH, where an interquartile range (IQR) increase in TCPY was associated with a 9% (95% confidence interval 0-18%) increase in TSH. There was also a suggestive inverse association between TCPY and free T4. There were no associations between IN and thyroid hormones. Environmental exposure to chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, or its metabolite TCPY may be associated with altered thyroid function in human males. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Androl Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, In Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Meeker, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, M6226 SPH 2,109 S Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM meekerj@umich.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09718, ES00002, T32 ES07069] NR 25 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 437 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.02.005 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 090PB UT WOS:000240962100007 PM 16584866 ER PT J AU Menacker, F Declercq, E Macdorman, MF AF Menacker, Fay Declercq, Eugene Macdorman, Marian F. TI Cesarean delivery: Background, trends, and epidemiology SO SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cesarean delivery; primary cesarean; repeat cesarean; vaginal birth after cesarean; elective cesarean; birth certificate; maternal request cesarean ID SECTION; RATES; LABOR; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Menacker, F (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd Room 7413, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM ffm4@CDC.GOV OI Declercq, Eugene/0000-0001-5411-3033 NR 33 TC 125 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0146-0005 J9 SEMIN PERINATOL JI Semin. Perinatol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 30 IS 5 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1053/j.semperi.2006.07.002 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 097LP UT WOS:000241449600002 PM 17011392 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A Jones, KT AF O'Leary, Ann Jones, Kenneth T. TI Bisexual men and heterosexual women: How big is the bridge? How can we know? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV RISK; UNITED-STATES; BLACK-MEN; SEX; BEHAVIOR; TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aoleary@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 10 BP 594 EP 595 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000225280.44538.f6 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 104ZK UT WOS:000241998900002 PM 16837828 ER PT J AU Asbel, LE Newbern, EC Salmon, M Spain, CV Goldberg, M AF Asbel, Lenore E. Newbern, E. Claire Salmon, Melinda Spain, C. Victor Goldberg, Martin TI School-based screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among Philadelphia public high school students SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; DNA AMPLIFICATION; AIDS INCIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; PREVALENCE; ADOLESCENTS; RISK AB Context: The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents is high. Innovative screening and treatment programs need evaluation. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify, treat, and describe the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) infections among Philadelphia public high school students. Design: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the first year of an annual program offering education, screening, and treatment for CT and GC. For the school year analyzed, screening took place between January 2003 and June 2003. Results: In the first year, 19,394 students aged 12-20 years were voluntarily tested; 1052 students were identified with GC, CT, or both; 1051 received treatment. Prevalence of CT among females (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.1) was 3.3 times higher than among males (95% CI = 2.5%). Attending disciplinary schools and residing in high reported morbidity areas were also related to higher prevalence of CT and GC. Conclusions: A high prevalence of CT infections was identified among Philadelphia public high school students. This program demonstrated the effectiveness of a school-based screening program to identify and treat these infections. C1 Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Asbel, LE (reprint author), Div Dis Control, 500 S Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. EM Lenore.Asbell@phila.gov NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 10 BP 614 EP 620 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000216010.43296.42 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 104ZK UT WOS:000241998900007 PM 16614587 ER PT J AU Donegan, EA Wirawan, DN Muliawan, P Schachter, J Moncada, J Parekh, M Knapp, JS AF Donegan, Elizabeth A. Wirawan, Dewa N. Muliawan, P. Schachter, Julius Moncada, Jeanne Parekh, Manhar Knapp, Joan S. TI Fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Bali, Indonesia: 2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CIPROFLOXACIN-RESISTANT; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES; SEROLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION; DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; STRAINS; PATTERNS; INCREASE AB Objectives: In the mid-1990s, fluoroquinolones were introduced in Indonesia for the management of gonorrhea and are now part of the national recommended treatment guidelines. We recently documented introduction of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains in female sex workers (FSWs) in Timika, Indonesia, 5 years after treating gonococcal cervicitis with ciprolloxacin and periodically monitoring antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. To assess the importance of this observation, we determined antimicrobial susceptibilities and strain types of N. gonorrhoeae isolates from FSWs seen in a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Goal: The goal of this study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibilities and strain types among N. gonorrhoeae isolated from FSWs in Denpasar, Bali. Study Design: FSWs in Denpasar were screened for N. gonorrhoeae by standard culture. Endocervicall isolates were frozen in Microbank tubes and sent to the University of California at San Francisco on dry ice. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using a Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute-recommended agar dilution method was performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Isolates were characterized by beta-lactamase production, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, and auxotype/serovar class. Results: One hundred forty-seven N. gonorrhoeae isolates were characterized. All isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (minimum inhibitory concentration, >= 16.0 mu g/mL): 117 (79.1%). were beta-lactamase-positive (PP-TR), 3 (2.0%) exhibited chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin (PenR-TRNG), and 27 (18.2%) were susceptible to penicillin (TRNG). All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefixime, and spectinomycin; lack of interpretive criteria do not allow interpretation of susceptibilities of cefoxitin, cefpodoxime, or azithromycin. Fifty-nine (40.1%) isolates were ciprofloxacin-resistant; 35 (59.3%) of the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates exhibited high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin (Cip-HLR; minimum inhibitory concentration, >= 4.0 ug/mL of ciprofloxacin). Three (2.0%) isolates were intermediate to ciprofloxacin. Twenty-two strain types were identified among these isolates; small clusters were identified with 3 strain types. Conclusions: N. gonorrhoeae isolates from FSWs in Denpasar were resistant to penicillin and tetracycline; 40.1% of the isolates were fluoroquinolone-resistant. With gonorrhea prevalence of 35% at this clinic (by nucleic acid amplified tests), ongoing surveillance for antimicrobial resistance will be needed to appropriately choose treatment for infections caused by these resistant organisms. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Kerti Praja Fdn, Bali, Indonesia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Donegan, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia, C 450,Box 0648, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM donegane@anesthesia.ucsf.edu NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 10 BP 625 EP 629 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000216012.83990.bd PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 104ZK UT WOS:000241998900009 PM 16601661 ER PT J AU Kahn, RH Peterman, TA Arno, J Coursey, EJ Berman, SM AF Kahn, Richard H. Peterman, Thomas A. Arno, Janet Coursey, Emmett John Berman, Stuart M. TI Identifying likely syphilis transmitters: Implications for control and evaluation SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CASE-FINDING EFFECTIVENESS; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; CORE AB Background/Objectives: Persistence of syphilis in communities may be maintained by relatively small groups of high-risk persons centrally placed among a larger group with low to moderately risky behavior. We sought to determine which control strategies identified particularly high-risk, early-stage syphilis cases considered to have high prevention value. Methods: In 2 cities with recent heterosexual outbreaks, data were abstracted for early syphilis cases from 1997 through 2002. Disease stage and number of sex partners were used to create an index to estimate the relative likelihood and magnitude of future transmission had the case not been treated. We estimated the relative transmission potential for each stage of syphilis (primary = 4.3, secondary = 2.5, and early-latent = 1.0) and multiplied by the number of reported partners to determine a prevention value score. Cases scoring > 10 were considered high prevention value. Cases were stratified by the method used to detect the case. Results: Of 1700 female early syphilis cases, 174 (10%) were high value. Cases were identified by private physicians (28% of all female cases and 16% of high-value cases), jails (19% of all, 40% of highvalue cases), partner notification (16% of all, 10% of high-value cases), sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic (9 % of all, 13 % of high-value cases), and the emergency room (8% of all, 4% of high-value cases). Of 1851 male cases, 228 (12%) were high value. Cases were identified by jails (27% of all male cases and 14% of high-value cases), STD clinic (21% of all, 47% of high-value), private physicians (17% of all, 17% of high-value), partner notification (14% of all, 11% of high-value), and the emergency room (6% of all, 14% of high-value). Conclusions: Private physicians identified the most female cases; however, jail screening identified the most high-prevention-vallue female cases. Jail screening identified the most male cases; however, the STD clinic (self-referred) identified the most high-prevention-vallue cases. Partner notification identified relatively few high-value cases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Marion Cty Hlth Dept, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Davidson Cty Metro Publ Hlth Dept, Nashville, TN USA. RP Kahn, RH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E 02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rhk0@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 10 BP 630 EP 635 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000216063.75575.f8 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 104ZK UT WOS:000241998900010 PM 16601660 ER PT J AU Joesoef, MR Mosure, DJ AF Joesoef, M. Riduan Mosure, Debra J. TI Prenvalence of chlamydia in young men in the United States from newly implemented universal screening in a national job training program SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; ADOLESCENTS; ADULTS; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; PARTNER; DISEASE AB Objective: The objective of this study was to examine chlamydia prevalence and its risk factors from the first universal screening in socioeconomically disadvantaged young men. Goal. The goal of this study was to evaluate the need for universal screening in young men. Study Design: We calculated chlamydia prevalence by demographic and geographic characteristics from 51,478 men aged 16 to 24 years who were screened from July 2003 to December 2004. Results: Overall, chlamydia prevalence was 8.2%. Only 2.4% of the young men had sexually transmitted disease symptoms. Blacks had the highest prevalence (13.0%), whereas non-Hispanic whites had the lowest (3.1%). Men who smoked marijuana had a significantly higher prevalence compared with those who did not (11.9% vs. 6.4%). Men who used cocaine or PCP also had a significantly higher chlamydia prevalence compared with those who did not. Men who lived in the southern region of the United States had the highest prevalence. Conclusions: Chlamydial infection is highly prevalent among socioeconomically disadvantaged young men. Young men entering the National Job Training Program represent an important population for screening. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Joesoef, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mrj1@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 10 BP 636 EP 639 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000216011.76083.08 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 104ZK UT WOS:000241998900011 PM 16641824 ER PT J AU Blandford, JM Gift, TL AF Blandford, John M. Gift, Thomas L. TI Productivity losses attributable to untreated chlamydial infection and associated pelvic inflammatory disease in reproductive-aged women SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIRECT MEDICAL COST; TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS AB Background and Objectives: The productivity losses attributable to disease-related morbidity and mortality impose a burden on society in general and on employers in particular. A reliable assessment of the productivity losses associated with untreated infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) would complement earlier work on direct medical costs and contribute to an estimate of the full cost of chlamydial disease. Goal: The goal of this study was to estimate the discounted lifetime productivity losses attributable to untreated chlamydial infection in reproductive-aged women. Study Design: We developed a cost model using Monte Carlo methods to estimate the lifetime discounted productivity losses attributable to untreated lower genital tract Ct infection among reproductive-aged women. The model considered the impact of disability resulting from acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) associated with untreated Ct infection and from the sequelae of acute PID, including chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. To accommodate disparate Ct infection rates and labor market characteristics across age groups, we matched age-based risk factors for Ct infection with labor market patterns. Data sources included the 2001 National Chlamydia Surveillance Data, the 2001 Current Population Survey, and published literature. Results: Estimates indicate that the mean weighted productivity losses per untreated Ct infection were approximately $130 (in year 2001 dollars). Mean weighted productivity losses per case of acute PID were estimated at $649. Estimated productivity losses were highly correlated with age, reflecting age-dependent differences in labor market characteristics. Conclusions: The productivity losses attributable to untreated infection with Ct and to sequelae of this infection form a substantial portion of the total economic burden of disease. Effective programs to prevent chlamydial infection and effective screening, diagnosis, and treatment of Ct-infected women may reduce productivity losses and substantially lessen the economic burden of disease to employers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Blandford, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jblandford@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 10 SU S BP S117 EP S121 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000235148.64274.2f PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 106ZB UT WOS:000242139400006 PM 17003678 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW AF Chesson, Harrell W. TI Estimated effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of federally funded prevention efforts on gonorrhea rates in the United States, 1971-2003, under various assumptions about the impact of prevention funding SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; AMERICAN YOUTH; AIDS; HIV; RISK AB Background: Reported gonorrhea incidence rates in the United States declined by 75% from 1975 to 2003 after implementation of a federally funded gonorrhea control program in the mid-1970s. The purpose of this study was to (1) estimate national gonorrhea rates that might have occurred from 1971 to 2003 had there been no federally funded sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention activities and (2) calculate crude estimates of the cost-effectiveness of these prevention activities. Methods: Hypothetical gonorrhea rates had there been no federally funded prevention efforts from 1971 to 2003 were estimated based on (1) the amount of federal funding allocated to state and local health departments for STD prevention and (2) a published estimate of the impact of funding on STD rates in the United States. Standard methods of cost-effectiveness analysis were used to calculate the cost per case of gonorrhea prevented. Results: Under base case assumptions about the impact of prevention funding on gonorrhea rates drawn from a published study, prevention efforts were cost saving, meaning that the program costs were less than the averted costs of treating gonorrhea and its associated sequelae. Over the 33-year period, an estimated 32 million cases of gonorrhea were averted by prevention efforts. Conclusion: STD prevention efforts appeared to be cost saving when considering only the benefits of gonorrhea prevention. If other benefits were considered (such as the prevention of other STDs), the estimated effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of STD prevention in the United States would be even greater. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop E-80,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hbc7@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 10 SU S BP S140 EP S144 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000194575.79725.72 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 106ZB UT WOS:000242139400009 PM 16505737 ER PT J AU Gift, TL Lincoln, T Tuthill, R Whelan, M Briggs, LP Conklin, T Irwin, KL AF Gift, Thomas L. Lincoln, Thomas Tuthill, Robert Whelan, Michael Briggs, L. Patricia Conklin, Thomas Irwin, Kathleen L. TI A cost-effectiveness evaluation of a jail-based Chlamydia screening program for men and its impact on their partners in the community SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; UNITED-STATES; INCREMENTAL COST; WOMEN; AZITHROMYCIN; HEALTH; ADOLESCENTS AB Background: Few cost-effectiveness evaluations of screening men in jails for chlamydia have been published, and none have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of providing partner notification services to the partners of chlamydia-infected inmates. Goal: The goal of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the chlamydia screening and partner notification programs for men conducted by a Massachusetts jail compared with 3 hypothetical alternatives. Study Design: Using jail cost and testing data, we used decision analyses to compare the cost and effectiveness of universal screening, age-based screening with 2 age cutoffs, and testing of symptomatic inmates at intake using treated cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea as the primary outcome. We also evaluated the cost-effectiveness of adding partner notification to these alternatives. Results: Universal screening was the most effective and expensive alternative. Age-based screening would have identified slightly fewer cases at half the cost of universal screening. The net cost of partner notification was low. Assuming high sequelae costs in female partners made partner notification a cost-saving intervention. Conclusions: Age-based screening could lower costs without substantially sacrificing effectiveness. Notifying partners of infected inmates was a cost-effective adjunct to screening inmates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Springfield, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Springfield, MA 01199 USA. Hampden Cty Correct Ctr, Ludlow, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Publ Hlth, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. RP Gift, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tgift@cdc.gov OI Lincoln, Thomas/0000-0002-4956-1226 NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 10 SU S BP S103 EP S110 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000235169.45680.7c PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 106ZB UT WOS:000242139400004 PM 17003677 ER PT J AU Gift, TL Owens, CJ AF Gift, Thomas L. Owens, Chantelle J. TI The direct medical cost of epididymitis and orchitis: Evidence from a study of insurance claims SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; AMERICAN YOUTH; EMERGENCY AB Background: Epididymitis and orchitis (EO) are the primary sequelae of acute chlamydia and gonorrhea in men. Existing estimates of the cost per episode of epididymitis are over 10 years old or are based on limited data. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate direct medical costs of EO from insurance claims data. Study Design: We used 1998 and 1999 insurance claims taken from a national database. We used International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes to identify inpatient and outpatient claims for EO treatment. Prescription drug claims were identified with National Drug Codes. To capture episodes of EO that were most likely sequelae of sexually transmitted diseases, we categorized claims based on age at the time of the initial EO claim. Results: The total cost per episode was $368 for males < 13 years of age, $242 for those >= 13 and < 41 years of age, and $291 for those >= 41 years of age. The cost for both younger and older men was significantly different from men >= 13 and < 41 years of age. Inpatient claims were relatively rare, occurring in <= 1.2% of total episodes. Conclusion: The cost per episode we calculated was lower than previously published estimates and can be attributed to a lower rate of inpatient care than previously observed or estimated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gift, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tgift@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 10 SU S BP S84 EP S88 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000235149.41948.fa PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 106ZB UT WOS:000242139400002 PM 17003682 ER PT J AU Over, AM Aral, SO AF Over, A. Mead Aral, Sevgi O. TI The economics of sexually transmitted infections SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROPENSITY SCORE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr HIV, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr HIV, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SAral@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 10 SU S BP S79 EP S83 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000237877.45179.01 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 106ZB UT WOS:000242139400001 ER PT J AU Ward, H Aral, SO AF Ward, H. Aral, S. O. TI Globalisation, the sex industry, and health SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; DIFFERENT REGIONS; PREVALENCE; WORKERS; RUSSIA; WORLD C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, STI Prevent & Control Res Grp, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Fac Med, London W2 1PG, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ward, H (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, STI Prevent & Control Res Grp, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Fac Med, London W2 1PG, England. EM h.ward@imperial.ac.uk RI Ward, Helen/A-1836-2009 OI Ward, Helen/0000-0001-8238-5036 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 82 IS 5 BP 345 EP 347 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.023044 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 089UK UT WOS:000240906400001 PM 17012510 ER PT J AU O Aral, S St Lawrence, JS Uuskula, A AF O Aral, S. St Lawrence, J. S. Uuskula, A. TI Sex work in Tallinn, Estonia: the sociospatial penetration of sex work into society SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; DRUG-USE; EPIDEMIC; DISEASE; RUSSIA AB Background: It is important to describe and understand the underlying patterns and dynamics that govern sex work in societies undergoing rapid political and social changes, its heterogeneity across populations, and its evolution through time in order to inform future research, sound policy formation, and programme delivery. Objectives: To describe the socioeconomic and cultural determinants, organisational structure, distinct categories, and spatial patterning of sex work in Tallinn, Estonia, and identify recent temporal changes in sex work patterns. Methods: In-depth interviews with key informants; naturalistic observations of sex work and drug use venues, geo-mapping of sex work sites, review of media, public policy, and commissioned reports, and analyses of existing data. Results: Sex work takes place in a hierarchy of locations in Tallinn ranging from elite brothels and "love flats'' to truck stops. These sites vary in terms of their public health importance and social organisation. There are full time, part time, and intermittent male and female sex workers. Among others, the taxi driver, madam and the bartender are central roles in the organisation of sex work in Tallinn. Cell phone and internet technology enable sex work to be highly dispersed and spatially mobile. Conclusion: Future research and programmatic service delivery or outreach efforts should respond to the changing profile of sex work in Tallinn and its implications for STD/HIV epidemiology. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Tartu, Dept Publ Hlth, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. Univ Tartu, Dept Dermatovenerol & Venerol, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. RP O Aral, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM saral@cdc.gov RI Uuskula, Anneli/H-3303-2015 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 82 IS 5 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.020677 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 089UK UT WOS:000240906400002 ER PT J AU Kakis, A Hartung, B Lambert, L McCabe, R Marston, CK Popovic, T AF Kakis, Anthony Hartung, Beth Lambert, Larry McCabe, Robert Marston, Chung K. Popovic, Tanja TI Cluster of invasive infections, including endocarditis, caused by nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID CLONE C1 Alameda Cty Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kakis, A (reprint author), Alameda Cty Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 10 BP 1144 EP 1145 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 134GZ UT WOS:000244072800026 PM 17100042 ER PT J AU Xie, JP Wu, EQ Zheng, ZJ Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Mensah, GA Labarthe, DR AF Xie, Jipan Wu, Eric Q. Zheng, Zhi-Jie Croft, Janet B. Greenlund, Kurt J. Mensah, George A. Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Impact of stroke on health-related quality of life in the noninstitutionalized population in the United States SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE disparities; health-related quality of life; stroke ID INPATIENT REHABILITATION SERVICES; EAST MELBOURNE STROKE; RACIAL DISPARITIES; ISCHEMIC STROKE; US VALUATION; EQ-5D; PREDICTORS; PREVENTION; SURVIVORS; HEART AB Background and Purpose-Stroke is a major cause of long-term disability in the United States. This study examined the national impact of stroke on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and disparities in HRQoL across different demographic groups. Methods-Combined 2000 and 2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data were used, which include quality-of-life measures based on the short-form generic measures (SF-12) and the EuroQol Group measures (EQ-5D index and EQ VAS) for 39 680 adults aged > 18 years. Stratified analysis and ordinary least square regressions were used to compare HRQoL scores between stroke and nonstroke populations. Results-The study included 1040 noninstitutionalized stroke survivors. After adjustment for sociodemographics, risk factors, and comorbidities, stroke survivors had statistically significantly lower mean scores for mental health (-4.1%), physical health (-7.9%), health utility (-6.9%), and self-rated health (-7.2%) (all P < 0.01). In general, stroke did not affect differences in HRQoL among age or gender groups. However, racial and ethnic disparities in HRQoL were greater among stroke survivors than nonstroke individuals, particularly in health utility scores for black vs white participants (-0.06 in stroke survivors and -0.02 in the nonstroke population, P < 0.01) and Hispanic versus non-Hispanic participants (-0.11 in stroke survivors and -0.01 in the nonstroke population). Conclusions-Stroke significantly impairs HRQoL in the United States. The findings suggest that racial and ethnic disparities in HRQoL among stroke survivors are more pronounced than in the nonstroke population. The burden of nonfatal stroke, especially among racial and ethnic minorities, should be recognized more widely. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. Anal Grp Inc, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Xie, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-47,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jxie@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 48 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD OCT PY 2006 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2567 EP 2572 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000240506.34616.10 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 090GL UT WOS:000240938700030 PM 16946158 ER PT J AU Philip, BK Anand, SS Palkar, PS Mumtaz, MM Latendresse, JR Mehendale, HM AF Philip, Binu K. Anand, Sathanandam S. Palkar, Prajakta S. Mumtaz, Moiz M. Latendresse, John R. Mehendale, Harihara M. TI Subchronic chloroform priming protects mice from a subsequently administered lethal dose of chloroform SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autoprotection; chloroform; kidney injury; liver injury; subchronic exposure; Swiss Webster mice; tissue repair ID ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY; REGENERATIVE CELL-PROLIFERATION; TOXICANT-INDUCED INJURY; TISSUE-REPAIR; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; LIVER-INJURY; HEPATOCELLULAR REGENERATION; MEDIATES PROGRESSION; INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY; HEME OXYGENASE-1 AB Protection offered by pre-exposure priming with a small dose of a toxicant against the toxic and lethal effects of a subsequently administered high dose of the same toxicant is autoprotection. Although autoprotection has been extensively studied with diverse toxicants in acute exposure regimen, not much is known about autoprotection after priming with repeated exposure. The objective of this study was to investigate this concept following repeated exposure to a common water contaminant, chloroform. Swiss Webster (SW) mice, exposed continuously to either vehicle (5% Emulphor, unprimed) or chloroform (150 mg/kg/day po, primed) for 30 days, were challenged with a normally lethal dose of chloroform (750 mg chloroform/ kg po) 24 h after the last exposure. As expected, 90% of the unprimed mice died between 48 and 96 h after administration of the lethal dose in contrast to 100% survival of mice primed with chloroform. Time course studies indicated lower hepato- and nephrotoxicity in primed mice as compared to unprimed mice. Hepatic CYP2E1, glutathione levels (GSH), and covalent binding of C-14-chloroform-derived radiolabel did not differ between livers of unprimed and primed mice after lethal dose exposure, indicating that protection in liver is neither due to decreased bioactivation nor increased detoxification. Kidney GSH and glutathione reductase activity were upregulated, with a concomitant reduction in oxidized glutathione in the primed mice following lethal dose challenge, leading to decreased renal covalent binding of C-14-chloroform-derived radiolabel, in the absence of any change in CYP2E1 levels. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) intervention led to 70% mortality in primed mice challenged with lethal dose. These data suggest that higher detoxification may play a role in the lower initiation of kidney injury observed in primed mice. Exposure of primed mice to a lethal dose of chloroform led to 40% lower chloroform levels (AUC(15-360 min)) in the systemic circulation. Exhalation of C-14-chlorofonn was unchanged in primed as compared to unprimed mice (AUC(1-6 h)). Urinary excretion of C-14-chloroform was higher in primed mice after administration of the lethal dose. However, neither slightly higher urinary elimination nor unchanged expiration can account for the difference in systemic levels of chloroform. Liver and kidney regeneration was inhibited by the lethal dose in unprimed mice leading to progressive injury, organ failure, and 90% mortality. In contrast, sustained and highly stimulated compensatory hepato- and nephrogenic repair prevented the progression of injury resulting in 100% survival of primed mice challenged with the lethal dose. These findings affirm the critical role of tissue regeneration and favorable detoxification (only in kidney) of the lethal dose of chloroform in subchronic chloroform priming-induced autoprotection. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Louisiana, Coll Pharm, Dept Toxicol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. ATSDR, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Toxicol Pathol Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Mehendale, HM (reprint author), Univ Louisiana, Coll Pharm, Dept Toxicol, 700 Univ Ave,Sugar Hall 306, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. EM mehendale@ulm.edu RI Latendresse, John/A-9215-2009 FU PHS HHS [U61/ATU681482] NR 54 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 216 IS 1 BP 108 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.04.012 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 091CZ UT WOS:000241005100012 PM 16815507 ER PT J AU Steenhof, K Yensen, E Kochert, MN Gage, KL AF Steenhof, Karen Yensen, Eric Kochert, Michael N. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Populations and habitat relationships of mute ground squirrels in southwestern Idaho SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE abundance; disease; drought habitat; Piute round squirrel; plague; populations; reproduction; sagebrush; Spermophilus mollis ID LIFE-HISTORY; FOOD; CONSEQUENCES; BIODIVERSITY; DEMOGRAPHY; PREDATORS; SURVIVAL; WINTER AB Piute ground squirrels (Spermophilus mollis idahoensis) are normally above ground from late January until late June or early July in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area in southwestern Idaho. In 2002 they were rarely seen above ground after early Maya Because of the ecological importance of ground squirrels for nesting raptors and other species, we sought to determine the reasons for their early disappearance. We sampled 12 sites from January 2003 through March 2003 to determine if a population crash had occurred in 2002. Tests indicated that Piute ground squirrels had not been exposed to plague within the past year. The presence of yearlings in the population indicated that squirrels reproduced in 2002 and that at least some yearlings survived the winter. Both yearling and adult squirrels appeared to be reproducing at or above normal rates in 2003, The most plausible explanation for the early disappearance of Piute ground squirrels in 2002 is that squirrels entered seasonal torpor early in response to a late spring drought. In addition, the breeding chronology of squirrels may have shifted during the past 2 decades in response to climate change and/or habitat alteration. Shrub habitats provide a more favorable and stable environment for squirrels than grass habitats. Squirrel abundance was higher oil live-trapping grids with sagebrush than on grids dominated by grass, and squirrel masses were higher at sites dominated by shrubs and Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). Densities in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) were within the ranges reported for earlier years, but densities in grass were lower than previously reported. Low densities at grassland sites in 2003 support other findings that drought affects squirrels in altered grass communities more than those in native shrub habitats. Long-term shifts in ground squirrel breeding chronology may have implications for raptors that depend oil them for food. C1 USGS Snake River Fiels Stn, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Albertson Coll, Dept Biol, Caldwell, ID 83605 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Steenhof, K (reprint author), USGS Snake River Fiels Stn, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM karen_steenhof@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2006 VL 66 IS 4 BP 482 EP 491 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[482:PAHROP]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 122HV UT WOS:000243217500010 ER PT J AU Yoo, BK Grosse, S Frick, KD AF Yoo, Byung-Kwang Grosse, Scott Frick, Kevin D. TI Self-selection and evaluation of influenza vaccination effectiveness among elderly SO VACCINE LA English DT Letter DE influenza vaccination; vaccine effectiveness; self-selection bias; instrumental variable method; bivariate probit model C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Div Hlth Serv Res, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Yoo, BK (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Div Hlth Serv Res, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM Byung-Kwang_Yoo@urmc.rochester.edu NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 29 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 40-41 BP 6374 EP 6375 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.06.024 PG 2 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 093OU UT WOS:000241178400003 PM 16844269 ER PT J AU de Swart, RL Kuiken, T Fernandez-de Castro, J Papania, MJ Bennett, JV Valdespino, JL Minor, P Witham, CL Yuksel, S Vos, H van Amerongen, G Osterhaus, ADME AF de Swart, Rik L. Kuiken, Thijs Fernandez-de Castro, Jorge Papania, Mark J. Bennett, John V. Valdespino, Jose L. Minor, Phil Witham, Clyde L. Yuksel, Selma Vos, Helma van Amerongen, Geert Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E. TI Aerosol measles vaccination in macaques: Preclinical studies of immune responses and safety SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE aerosol; nebulized; measles; Edmonston-Zagreb; non-human primates; virus neutralization; immunosuppression; pathology; histology ID PASSIVELY ACQUIRED ANTIBODIES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; EDMONSTON-ZAGREB; SUBCUTANEOUS ROUTES; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; VIRUS; VACCINES; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; INFECTION AB The comparative efficacy and safety of measles vaccination via the aerosol route versus subcutaneous injection has not been fully resolved. We vaccinated cynomolgus monkeys (Macacafascicularis) with the live-attenuated Edmonston-Zagreb measles virus (MV) vaccine and compared different routes of administration in the immunocompetent and the immunocompromised host. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of aerosol vaccination using devices similar to those previously used in humans were comparable to those in animals vaccinated by injection. No evidence for a safety hazard associated with the route of vaccination was detected. The results of this study support further clinical evaluation of aerosol vaccination for measles. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Erasmus MC, Postgrad Sch Mol Med, Dept Virol, NL-3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, S Mimms, Herts, England. Dura Pharmaceut, San Diego, CA USA. RP de Swart, RL (reprint author), Erasmus MC, Postgrad Sch Mol Med, Dept Virol, Dr Molewaterpl 50, NL-3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM r.deswart@erasmusmc.nl OI Osterhaus, Albert/0000-0002-6074-1172; De Swart, Rik/0000-0003-3599-8969 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 29 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 40-41 BP 6424 EP 6436 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.125 PG 13 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 093OU UT WOS:000241178400008 PM 16934375 ER PT J AU Hladik, W Dollard, SC Mermin, J Fowlkes, AL Downing, R Amin, MM Banage, F Nzaro, E Kataaha, P Dondero, TJ Pellett, PE Lackritz, EM AF Hladik, Wolfgang Dollard, Sheila C. Mermin, Jonathan Fowlkes, Ashley L. Downing, Robert Amin, Minal M. Banage, Flora Nzaro, Esau Kataaha, Peter Dondero, Timothy J. Pellett, Philip E. Lackritz, Eve M. TI Transmission of human herpesvirus 8 by blood transfusion SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; SEROLOGIC ASSAYS; DNA-SEQUENCES; INFECTION; RISK; DONORS; AIDS; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE AB Background: Whether human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is transmissible by blood transfusion remains undetermined. We evaluated the risk of HHV-8 transmission by blood transfusion in Uganda, where HHV-8 is endemic. Methods: We enrolled patients in Kampala, Uganda, who had received blood transfusions between December 2000 and October 2001. Pretransfusion and multiple post-transfusion blood specimens from up to nine visits over a 6-month period were tested for HHV-8 antibody. We calculated the excess risk of seroconversion over time among recipients of HHV-8-seropositive blood as compared with recipients of seronegative blood. Results: Of the 1811 transfusion recipients enrolled, 991 were HHV-8-seronegative before transfusion and completed the requisite follow-up, 43% of whom received HHV-8-seropositive blood and 57% of whom received seronegative blood. HHV-8 seroconversion occurred in 41 of the 991 recipients. The risk of seroconversion was significantly higher among recipients of HHV-8-seropositive blood than among recipients of seronegative blood (excess risk, 2.8%; P < 0.05), and the increase in risk was seen mainly among patients in whom seroconversion occurred 3 to 10 weeks after transfusion (excess risk, 2.7%; P=0.005), a result consistent with the transmission of the virus by transfusion. Blood units stored for up to 4 days were more often associated with seroconversion than those stored for more than 4 days (excess risk, 4.2%; P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study provides strong evidence that HHV-8 is transmitted by blood transfusion. The risk may be diminished as the period of blood storage increases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Program, Natl Ctr Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sexually Tr, Entebbe, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Program, Natl Ctr Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sexually Tr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mulago Hosp, Kampala, Uganda. Nakasero Blood Bank, Kampala, Uganda. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Mol Genet, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Dollard, SC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgd5@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 32 TC 94 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 28 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 13 BP 1331 EP 1338 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa055009 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 088EF UT WOS:000240793600006 PM 17005950 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Carlson, S Kohl, H AF Kruger, J. Carlson, S. Kohl, H., III TI Trends in strength training - United States, 1998-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 769-772, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 27 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 12 BP 1459 EP 1460 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 087VD UT WOS:000240770000011 ER PT J AU Narayan, KMV Zhang, P Williams, D Engelgau, M Imperatore, G Kanaya, A Ramachandran, A AF Narayan, K. M. Venkat Zhang, Ping Williams, Desmond Engelgau, Michael Imperatore, Giuseppina Kanaya, Alka Ramachandran, Ambady TI How should developing countries manage diabetes? SO CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTERVENTIONS; CARE C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Ctrs Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gen Internal Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Diabet Res, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Narayan, KMV (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 8 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CMA-CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1G 5W8, CANADA SN 0820-3946 EI 1488-2329 J9 CAN MED ASSOC J JI Can. Med. Assoc. J. PD SEP 26 PY 2006 VL 175 IS 7 BP 733 EP 736 DI 10.1503/cmaj.060367 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 084PC UT WOS:000240544800009 PM 17001048 ER PT J AU Linkins, RW Salmon, DA Omer, SB Pan, WKY Stokley, S Halsey, NA AF Linkins, Robert W. Salmon, Daniel A. Omer, Saad B. Pan, William K. Y. Stokley, Shannon Halsey, Neal A. TI Support for immunization registries among parents of vaccinated and unvaccinated school-aged children: a case control study SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Background: Immunizations have reduced childhood vaccine preventable disease incidence by 98 - 100%. Continued vaccine preventable disease control depends on high immunization coverage. Immunization registries help ensure high coverage by recording childhood immunizations administered, generating reminders when immunizations are due, calculating immunization coverage and identifying pockets needing immunization services, and improving vaccine safety by reducing over-immunization and providing data for post-licensure vaccine safety studies. Despite substantial resources directed towards registry development in the U. S., only 48% of children were enrolled in a registry in 2004. Parental attitudes likely impact child participation. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes of parents of vaccinated and unvaccinated school-aged children regarding: support for immunization registries; laws authorizing registries and mandating provider reporting; opt-in versus opt-out registry participation; and financial worth and responsibility of registry development and implementation. Methods: A case control study of parents of 815 children exempt from school vaccination requirements and 1630 fully vaccinated children was conducted. Children were recruited from 112 elementary schools in Colorado, Massachusetts, Missouri, and Washington. Surveys administered to the parents, asked about views on registries and perceived utility and safety of vaccines. Parental views were summarized and logistic regression models compared differences between parents of exempt and vaccinated children. Results: Surveys were completed by 56.1% of respondents. Fewer than 10% of parents were aware of immunization registries in their communities. Among parents aware of registries, exempt children were more likely to be enrolled (65.0%) than vaccinated children (26.5%) ( p value = 0.01). A substantial proportion of parents of exempt children support immunization registries, particularly if registries offer choice for participation. Few parents of vaccinated (6.8%) and exempt children (6.7%) were aware of laws authorizing immunization registries. Support for laws authorizing registries and requiring health care providers to report to registries was more common among parents of vaccinated than exempt children. Most parents believed that the government, vaccine companies or insurance companies should pay for registries. Conclusion: Parental support for registries was relatively high. Parental support for immunization registries may increase with greater parental awareness of the risks of vaccine preventable diseases and utility of vaccination. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US CDC Collaborat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Salmon, DA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, 1329 SW 16th St,Room 5239, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM robertl@tuc.or.th; das@ehpr.ufl.edu; somer@jhsph.edu; wpan@jhsph.edu; ZMA2@cdc.gov; nhalsey@jhsph.edu RI Omer, Saad/K-1182-2012 OI Omer, Saad/0000-0002-5383-3474 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD SEP 22 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 236 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-6-236 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 091OH UT WOS:000241037700001 PM 16995946 ER PT J AU Choudhury, B Leoff, C Saile, E Wilkins, P Quinn, CP Kannenberg, EL Carlson, RW AF Choudhury, Biswa Leoff, Christine Saile, Elke Wilkins, Patricia Quinn, Conrad P. Kannenberg, Elmar L. Carlson, Russell W. TI The structure of the major cell wall polysaccharide of Bacillus anthracis is species-specific SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL POLYSACCHARIDE; CEREUS AHU-1356; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOPROTEINS; SUBTILIS; SEQUENCE; ACID AB In this report we describe the structure of the polysaccharide released from Bacillus anthracis vegetative cell walls by aqueous hydrogen fluoride (HF). This HF-released polysaccharide (HF-PS) was isolated and structurally characterized from the Ames, Sterne, and Pasteur strains of B. anthracis. The HF-PSs were also isolated from the closely related Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 strain, and from the B. cereus ATCC 14579 type strain and compared with those of B. anthracis. The structure of the B. anthracis HF-PS was determined by glycosyl composition and linkage analyses, matrix-assisted laser desorption-time of flight mass spectrometry, and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The HF-PSs from all of the B. anthracis isolates had an identical structure consisting of an amino sugar backbone of -> 6)-alpha-GlcNAc-(1 -> 4)-beta-ManNAc-(1 -> 4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1 ->, in which the alpha-GlcNAc residue is sub-stituted with alpha-Gal and beta-Gal at O-3 and O-4, respectively, and the beta-GlcNAc substituted with alpha-Gal at O-3. There is some variability in the presence of two of these three Gal substitutions. Comparison with the HF-PSs from B. cereus ATCC 10987 and B. cereus ATCC 14579 showed that the B. anthracis structure was clearly different from each of these HF-PSs and, furthermore, that the B. cereus ATCC 10987 HF-PS structure was different from that of B. cereus ATCC 14579. The presence of a B. anthra-cis-specific polysaccharide structure in its vegetative cell wall is discussed with regard to its relationship to those of other Bacillus species. C1 Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Tubingen, Dept Microbiol, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Tubingen, Dept Biotechnol, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Carlson, RW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, 220 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rcarlson@ccrc.uga.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI059577] NR 23 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 22 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 38 BP 27932 EP 27941 DI 10.1074/jbc.M605768200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 084LM UT WOS:000240534400029 PM 16870610 ER PT J AU Roscoe, RJ Graydon, JR AF Roscoe, R. J. Graydon, J. R. TI Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance - United States, 2003-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 876, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Roscoe, RJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 11 BP 1346 EP 1347 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 085HS UT WOS:000240595800010 ER PT J AU Malarkey, M Solomon, R Witten, C Bloom, E Wells, M Braun, M Wise, R Zinderman, C Jernigan, DB Kuehnert, MJ Srinivasan, A Wang, S AF Malarkey, M. Solomon, R. Witten, C. Bloom, E. Wells, M. Braun, M. Wise, R. Zinderman, C. Jernigan, D. B. Kuehnert, M. J. Srinivasan, A. Wang, S. TI Brief report: Investigation into recalled human tissue for transplantation - United States, 2005-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 564, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Malarkey, M (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 11 BP 1347 EP 1348 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 085HS UT WOS:000240595800011 ER PT J AU Pathela, P Hajat, A Schillinger, J Blank, S Sell, R Mostashari, F AF Pathela, Preeti Hajat, Anjum Schillinger, Julia Blank, Susan Sell, Randall Mostashari, Farzad TI Discordance between sexual behavior and self-reported sexual identity: A population-based survey of New York City men SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RISK BEHAVIORS; HIV EPIDEMIC; GAY; PREVENTION; SAMPLE AB Background: Persons reporting sexual identity that is discordant with their sexual behavior may engage in riskier sexual behaviors than those with concordant identity and behavior. The former group could play an important role in the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Objective: To describe discordance between self-described sexual identity and behavior among men who have sex with men and associations between identity-behavior and risk behaviors. Design: Cross-sectional, random digit-dialed telephone survey of health status and risk behaviors. Setting: New York City. Participants: Population-based sample of 4193 men. Measurements: Concurrent measures of sexual identity and sexual behaviors, including number and sex of sex partners, condom use during last sexual encounter, and recent testing for HIV infection . Sex partner information was ascertained in a separate section from sexual identity; all participants were asked about the number of male sex partners and then were asked about the number of female sex partners in the past year. Results: Of New York City men reporting a sexual identity, 12% reported sex with other men. Men who had sex with men exclusively but self-identified as heterosexual were more likely than their gay-identified counterparts to belong to minority racial or ethnic groups, be foreign-born, have lower education and income levels, and be married. These men were more likely than gay-identified men who have sex with men to report having only 1 sexual partner in the previous year. However, they were less likely to have been tested for HIV infection during that time (adjusted prevalence ratio, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.4 to 0.9]) and less likely to have used condoms during their last sexual encounter (adjusted prevalence ratio, 0.5 [CI, 0.3 to 1.0]). Limitations: The survey did not sample groups that cannot be reached by using residential telephone services. Conclusions: Many New York City men who have sex with men do not identify as gay. Medical providers cannot rely on patients' self-reported identities to appropriately assess risk for HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases; they must inquire about behavior. Public health prevention messages should target risky sexual activities rather than a person's sexual identity. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pathela, P (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 125 Worth St,Room 207,CN73, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 37 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 19 PY 2006 VL 145 IS 6 BP 416 EP 425 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 087OU UT WOS:000240752500003 PM 16983129 ER PT J AU Ajani, UA Ford, ES AF Ajani, Umed A. Ford, Earl S. TI Has the risk for coronary heart disease changed among US adults? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; PREDICTION AB OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to compare the 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) among U.S adults during the years 1988 to 1994 with that among U.S. adults during the years 1999 to 2002. BACKGROUND A decline in deaths as the result of CHD has been reported. Data about changes in actual risk of developing CHD among U.S. adults are sparse. METHODS Data for noninstitutionalized U.S. residents ages 20 to 79 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)-III (1988 to 1994) or NHANES 1999 to 2002 were examined to compute 10-year risk of developing CHD using modified Framingham risk score, as adopted by the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III. RESULTS Most participants in both surveys had a low (< 10%) 10-year risk of developing CHD. The proportion of participants at intermediate (10% to 20%) and high (> 20%) 10-year risk of developing CHD also was similar. CONCLUSIONS Data from national surveys conducted approximately a decade apart showed no appreciable difference in the distribution of 10-year risk of developing CHD. Greater efforts are needed to reduce the risk of developing CHD among U.S. adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ajani, UA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. EM uajani@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD SEP 19 PY 2006 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1177 EP 1182 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.05.055 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 086VQ UT WOS:000240701500011 PM 16979002 ER PT J AU Hickie, I Davenport, T Wakefield, D Vollmer-Conna, U Cameron, B Vernon, SD Reeves, WC Lloyd, A AF Hickie, Ian Davenport, Trace Wakefield, Denis Vollmer-Conna, Ute Cameron, Barbara Vernon, Suzanne D. Reeves, William C. Lloyd, Andrew CA Dubbo Infection Outcomes Study TI Post-infective and chronic fatigue syndromes precipitated by viral and non-viral pathogens: prospective cohort study SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACUTE SICKNESS BEHAVIOR; PRIMARY-CARE; Q-FEVER; PROLONGED FATIGUE; GLANDULAR FEVER; MONONUCLEOSIS; DISEASE; DISORDERS; ILLNESS; SCALE AB Objective To delineate the risk factors, symptom patterns, and longitudinal course of prolonged illnesses after a variety of acute infections. Design Prospective cohort stud), following patients from the time of acute infection with Epstein-Barr virus (glandular fever), Coxiella burnetti (Q fever), or Ross River virus (epidemic polyarthritis). Setting The region surrounding the township of Dubbo in rural Australia, encompassing a 200 km geographical radius and 104 400 residents. Participants 253 patients enrolled and followed at regular intervals over 12 months by self report, structured interview, and clinical assessment. Outcome measures Detailed medical, psychiatric, and laboratory evaluations at six months to apply diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome. Premorbid and intercurrent illness characteristics recorded to define risk factors for chronic fatigue syndrome. Self reported illness phenotypes compared between infective groups. Results Prolonged. illness characterised by disabling fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, neurocognitive difficulties, and mood disturbance Was evident in 29 (12%) of 253 participants at six months, of whom 28 (11%) met die diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome. This post-infective fatigue syndrome phenotype was stereotyped and occurred at a similar 1 incidence after each infection. The syndrome was predicted largely by the severity of the acute illness rather dian by demographic, psychological, or microbiological factors. Conclusions A relatively uniform post-infective fatigue syndrome persists in a significant minority of patients for six months or more after clinical infection With several different viral and non-viral micro-organisms. Post-infective fatigue syndrome is a valid illness model for investigating one pathophysiological pathway to chronic fatigue syndrome. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Sydney, Brain & Mind Res Inst, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychiat, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 31033 USA. RP Lloyd, A (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM alloyd@unsw.edu.au FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU019851-01] NR 36 TC 188 Z9 192 U1 5 U2 19 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD SEP 16 PY 2006 VL 333 IS 7568 BP 575 EP 578 DI 10.1136/bmj.38933.585764.AE PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 089KB UT WOS:000240878200014 PM 16950834 ER PT J AU Kato, K Silva, MJ Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Kato, Kayoko Silva, Manori J. Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Quantifying phthalate metabolites in human meconium and semen using automated off-line solid-phase extraction coupled with on-line SPE and isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DECREASED ANOGENITAL DISTANCE; BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE; MALE-RAT; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MONOBENZYL PHTHALATE; UNDESCENDED TESTES; EXPOSURE; VALIDATION AB We developed an analytical method using off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with on-line SPE and isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to determine the concentrations of phthalate metabolites in human meconium and in semen. First, we used off-line SPE to remove interfering proteins and other biomolecules from the samples. Then, we preconcentrated the phthalate metabolites in the extract using on-line SPE before measuring them by HPLC-MS/MS. For most of the analytes, the limits of detection ranged between 0.2 and 0.7 ng/g for meconium and between 0.3 and 0.7 ng/mL for semen. The recovery after off-line SPE varied for most analytes between 65 and 99% at concentrations ranging from 3.0 to 30.0 ng/mL in semen and between 67 and 103% at concentrations ranging from 2.0 to 10.0 ng/mL in meconium. Precision measured by the relative standard deviation ranged from 3.2 to 19.1% for intraday and from 3.9 to 18.6% for interday. We validated this novel approach-which is applicable to other biological matrixes, including serum and breast milk-on spiked samples and on five meconium samples and one pooled semen sample from people with no known occupational exposure to phthalates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ACalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 41 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 18 BP 6651 EP 6655 DI 10.1021/ac0608220 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 083YO UT WOS:000240495800049 PM 16970347 ER PT J AU Furuno, JP Maguire, JH Green, HP Johnson, JA Heimer, R Johnston, SP Braden, CR Edberg, SC Bell, S Hirshon, JM AF Furuno, Jon P. Maguire, James H. Green, Heather P. Johnson, Judith A. Heimer, Robert Johnston, Stephanie P. Braden, Christopher R. Edberg, Stephen C. Bell, Susan Hirshon, Jon Mark TI Clinical utility of multiple stool ova and parasite examinations in low-prevalence patient populations SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Mayland Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst, Baltimore, MD USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hirshon, JM (reprint author), Natl Study Ctr Trauma & EMS, 701 W Pratt St,5th Fl, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM jhirs001@umaryland.edu FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [1U01CI000296] NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 795 EP 796 DI 10.1086/507343 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 077SI UT WOS:000240050000025 PM 16912961 ER PT J AU Patel, JB AF Patel, Jean B. TI The activity of daptomycin against wild-type Staphylococcus aureus and strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin - Reply to Sader and Jones SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Patel, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, MS G08,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jpatel1@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 799 EP 800 DI 10.1086/507114 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 077SI UT WOS:000240050000029 ER PT J AU Mickelsen, RL Shulman, SA Kriech, AJ Osborn, LV Redman, AP AF Mickelsen, R. Leroy Shulman, Stanley A. Kriech, Anthony J. Osborn, Linda V. Redman, Adam P. TI Status of worker exposure to asphalt paving fumes with the use of engineering controls SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Since 1996, industry, labor, and government have partnered to minimize workers' exposure to asphalt fumes using engineering controls. The objective of this study was to determine the use after some years of experience and to benchmark the effectiveness of the engineering controls as compared to the current exposure limits. To accomplish this objective, the current highway class pavers equipped with controls to reduce asphalt fumes, occupational exposure levels, and ventilation flow rates were monitored, and a user acceptance survey was conducted. Personal breathing-zone sampling was administered to determine concentrations of total particulate matter (TPM) and benzene soluble matter (BSM). Personal monitoring of workers yielded a BSM arithmetic mean of 0.13 mg/m(3) (95% confidence limits (0.07, 0.43) mg/m(3)). All site average worker BSM values are below the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) adopted threshold limit value (TLV) time weighted average (TWA) of 0.5 mg/m(3) as benzene soluble inhalable particulate, although five sites contained 95% confidence limits slightly above the ACGIH TLV. The TPM arithmetic mean was 0.35 mg/m(3) (95% confidence limits (0.27, 0.69) mg/m(3)). All sites showed average worker and area TPM values below NIOSH's recommended exposure limit for asphalt fumes (5 mg/m(3), 15 min). One screed area sample and one operator area sample were also taken each day. Area samples followed a similar pattern to the worker breathing zone samples, but were generally slightly higher in TPM and BSM concentration. The effect of work practices and application temperatures appears to have an impact on the ability of the engineering controls to keep exposure below the TLV for BSM. To gain a better understanding of the aerodynamic properties of asphalt fumes, particle size and airborne concentrations were also monitored using a TSI model 3320 aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer. The geometric mean particle size was between 0.64 and 0.98 micrometers for the worker breathing zone samples, with a geometric mean of 0.73 micrometers for all sites. Total airborne concentrations were typically higher for the asphalt fume exposed groups than for the background samples. During high fume events, four 15-minute samples were taken each day. Only one 15-minute sample was above the limit of quantification. Stack flow rates were measured, and results are discussed and compared to the manufacturers' nominal values. Survey results were generally positive, with recommendations discussed for continuous improvement. C1 Heritage Res Grp, Indianapolis, IN 46231 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Osborn, LV (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM linda.osborn@heritage-enviro.com NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 18 BP 5661 EP 5667 DI 10.1021/es060547z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 083NP UT WOS:000240463500014 PM 17007123 ER PT J AU Rogers, KA Scinicariello, F Attanasio, R AF Rogers, Kenneth A. Scinicariello, Franco Attanasio, Roberta TI IgG fc receptor III homologues in nonhuman primate species: Genetic characterization and ligand interactions SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; GAMMA-RIII CD16; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; RHESUS-MONKEYS; BINDING-SITE; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; SUBUNIT AB Ig Fc receptors bind to immune complexes through interactions with the Fc regions of specific Ab subclasses to initiate or inhibit the defense mechanisms of the leukocytes on which they are expressed. The mechanism of action of IgG-based therapeutic molecules, which are routinely evaluated in nonhuman primate models, involves binding to the low-affinity FcRIII (CD16). The premise that IgG/CD16 interactions in nonhuman primates mimic those present in humans has not been evaluated. Therefore, we have identified and characterized CD16 and associated TCR zeta-chain homologues in rhesus macaques, cynomolgus macaques, baboons, and sooty mangabeys. Similar to humans, CD16 expression was detected on a lymphocyte subpopulation, on monocytes, and on neutrophils of sooty mangabeys. However, CD16 was detected only on a lymphocyte subpopulation and on monocytes in macaques and baboons. A nonhuman primate rCD16 generated in HeLa cells interacted with human IgG1 and IgG2. By contrast, human CD16 binds to IgG1 and IgG3. As shown for humans, the mAb 3G8 was able to block IgG binding to nonhuman primate CD16 and inhibition of nonhuman primate CD16 N-glycosylation enhanced IgG binding. Clearly, differences in interaction with IgG subclasses and in cell-type expression should be considered when using these models for in vivo evaluation of therapeutic Abs. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Toxicol Environm Med, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Attanasio, R (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 4010, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM rattanasio@gsu.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00165, RR10755] NR 62 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 177 IS 6 BP 3848 EP 3856 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 083RG UT WOS:000240475300040 PM 16951347 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MG Yorita, KL Kuehnert, MJ Davidson, WB Huhn, GD Holman, RC Damon, IK AF Reynolds, Mary G. Yorita, Krista L. Kuehnert, Mathew J. Davidson, Whitni B. Huhn, Gregory D. Holman, Robert C. Damon, Inger K. TI Clinical manifestations of human monkeypox influenced by route of infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med Hyg ID TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION; VIRUS; SMALLPOX; FEATURES; AFRICA; WEST AB Background. In April 2003, an outbreak of monkeypox occurred in the United States following the importation of monkeypox virus (MPXV)-infected animals in a consignment of exotic pets from West Africa. Transmission of the virus to non-African captive species, including prairie dogs, preceded human disease. Methods. We evaluated the influence of the route of infection on clinical illness for persons with confirmed and probable cases of human monkeypox. Exposures were categorized as being "noninvasive" ( e. g., the person touched an infected animal, cleaned an infected animal's cage, and/or stood within 6 feet of an infected animal) or "complex" ( e. g., invasive bite or scratch from an ill prairie dog plus potential noninvasive exposure), and associations between exposure, illness manifestation, and illness progression (i.e., elapsed time from first exposure to an ill prairie dog through various benchmarks of illness) were assessed. Results. Patients with complex exposures were more likely than patients with noninvasive exposures to have experienced pronounced signs of systemic illness (49.1% vs. 16.7%; P = .041) and to have been hospitalized during illness (68.8% vs. 10.3%;). Complex exposures were also associated with shorter incubation periods ( 9 < .001 days for complex exposures vs. 13 days for noninvasive exposures) and the absence of a distinct febrile prodrome. Conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that route of infection can influence monkeypox illness manifestations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reynolds, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nzr6@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 6 BP 773 EP 780 DI 10.1086/505880 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 081KN UT WOS:000240316600008 PM 16941343 ER PT J AU Tan, YM Liao, KH Conolly, RB Blount, BC Mason, AM Clewell, HJ AF Tan, Yu-Mei Liao, Kai H. Conolly, Rory B. Blount, Benjamin C. Mason, Ann M. Clewell, Harvey J. TI Use of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to identify exposures consistent with human biomonitoring data for chloroform SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RESIDENTIAL WASHING MACHINES; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER; INDOOR AIR; SHOWERING DETERMINATION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; INHALATION EXPOSURE; BODY BURDEN; TAP WATER AB Biomonitoring data provide evidence of human exposure to environmental chemicals by quantifying the chemical or its metabolite in a biological matrix. To better understand the correlation between biomonitoring data and environmental exposure, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling can be of use. The objective of this study was to use a combined PBPK model with an exposure model for showering to estimate the intake concentrations of chloroform based on measured blood and exhaled breath concentrations of chloroform. First, the predictive ability of the combined model was evaluated with three published studies describing exhaled breath and blood concentrations in people exposed to chloroform under controlled showering events. Following that, a plausible exposure regimen was defined combining inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposures associated with residential use of water containing typical concentrations of chloroform to simulate blood and exhaled breath concentrations of chloroform. Simulation results showed that inhalation and dermal exposure could contribute substantially to total chloroform exposure. Next, sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo analysis were performed to investigate the sources of variability in model output. The variability in exposure conditions (e. g., shower duration) was shown to contribute more than the variability in pharmacokinetics (e. g., body weight) to the predicted variability in blood and exhaled breath concentrations of chloroform. Lastly, the model was used in a reverse dosimetry approach to estimate distributions of exposure consistent with concentrations of chloroform measured in human blood and exhaled breath. C1 CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Ctr Human Hlth Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Chlorine Chem Council, Arlington, VA USA. RP Tan, YM (reprint author), CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Ctr Human Hlth Assessment, 6 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM ctan@ciit.org NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 18 BP 1727 EP 1756 DI 10.1080/15287390600631367 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 073PZ UT WOS:000239756400006 PM 16864423 ER PT J AU Baughman, AL Bisgard, KM Lynn, F Meade, BD AF Baughman, Andrew L. Bisgard, Kristine M. Lynn, Freyja Meade, Bruce D. TI Mixture model analysis for establishing a diagnostic cut-off point for pertussis antibody levels SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE mixture model; diagnostic cut-off point; Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; antibodies; pertussis ID HIGHLY IMMUNIZED POPULATION; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS; OUTBREAK; PARAPERTUSSIS; TOXIN; IDENTIFICATION AB Previous studies of pertussis (whooping cough) that have derived diagnostic cut-off points for pertussis antibody levels have assumed a single distribution for antibody levels and have used small sample sizes. In a recent study of 5409 serum samples from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 111), a finite mixture model was developed to examine the distribution of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels against pertussis toxin (PT), an antigen specific to the Bordetella pertussis bacterium. The mixture model identified three component populations with antibody levels greater than the quantitative assay's lower limit of quantitation (LLQ) and included a point distribution located at or below the LLQ to account for the excess number of antibody values that fell below the LLQ. The mixture model analysis accounted for the NHANES III design. A cut-off point for anti-PT IgG levels was chosen to have a 99 per cent model specificity based on the two overlapping normal distributions assumed for the two component populations with the highest antibody levels. This cut-off point may have a higher diagnostic sensitivity for acute B. pertussis infection than other cut-off points derived by assuming a single distribution for antibody levels. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. RP Baughman, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbaughman@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 25 IS 17 BP 2994 EP 3010 DI 10.1002/sim.2442 PG 17 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 077RI UT WOS:000240047100010 PM 16345022 ER PT J AU Zhang, SL Li, L Woodson, SE Huang, CYH Kinney, RM Barrett, ADT Beasley, DWC AF Zhang, Shuliu Li, Li Woodson, Sara E. Huang, Claire Y. -H. Kinney, Richard M. Barrett, Alan D. T. Beasley, David W. C. TI A mutation in the envelope protein fusion loop attenuates mouse neuroinvasiveness of the NY99 strain of West Nile virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; envelope protein; fusion loop; epitope; infectious clone; Flavivirus vaccine; pathogenesis; neurovirulence; neuroinvasiveness; mutagenesis ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; NEUTRALIZING EPITOPES; DOMAIN-III; GLYCOPROTEIN; PHENOTYPE AB Substitutions were engineered individually and in combinations at the fusion loop, receptor-binding domain and a stem-helix structure of the envelope protein of a West Nile virus strain, NY99, and their effects on mouse virulence and presentation of epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were assessed. A single substitution within the fusion loop (L107F) attenuated mouse neuroinvasiveness of NY99. No substitutions attenuated NY99 neurovirulence. The L107F mutation also abolished binding of a non-neutralizing MAb, 3D9, whose epitope had not been previously identified. MAb 3D9 was subsequently shown to be broadly cross-reactive with other flaviviruses, consistent with binding near the highly conserved fusion loop. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Beasley, DWC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM d.beasley@utmb.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI063468, R21 AI063468-01A1] NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 353 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.05.025 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 084DL UT WOS:000240512100005 PM 16806383 ER PT J AU Goldie, SJ Yazdanpanah, Y Losina, E Weinstein, MC Anglaret, X Walensky, RP Hsu, HE Kimmel, A Holmes, C Kaplan, JE Freedberg, KA AF Goldie, Sue J. Yazdanpanah, Yazdan Losina, Elena Weinstein, Milton C. Anglaret, Xavier Walensky, Rochelle P. Hsu, Heather E. Kimmel, April Holmes, Charles Kaplan, Jonathan E. Freedberg, Kenneth A. TI Cost-effectiveness of HIV treatment in resource-poor settings - The case of Cote d'Ivoire SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV-1-INFECTED ADULTS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; VIROLOGICAL FAILURE; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; VIRAL LOAD; INTERVENTIONS AB BACKGROUND: As antiretroviral therapy is increasingly used in settings with limited resources, key questions about the timing of treatment and use of diagnostic tests to guide clinical decisions must be addressed. METHODS: We assessed the cost-effectiveness of treatment strategies for a cohort of adults in Cote d'Ivoire who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (mean age, 33 years; CD4 cell count, 331 per cubic millimeter; HIV RNA level, 5.3 log copies per milliliter). Using a computer-based simulation model that incorporates the CD4 cell count and HIV RNA level as predictors of disease progression, we compared the long-term clinical and economic outcomes associated with no treatment, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis alone, antiretroviral therapy alone, and prophylaxis with antiretroviral therapy. RESULTS: Undiscounted gains in life expectancy ranged from 10.7 months with antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis initiated on the basis of clinical criteria to 45.9 months with antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis initiated on the basis of CD4 testing and clinical criteria, as compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis alone. The incremental cost per year of life gained was $240 (in 2002 U.S. dollars) for prophylaxis alone, $620 for antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis without CD4 testing, and $1,180 for antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis with CD4 testing, each compared with the next least expensive strategy. None of the strategies that used antiretroviral therapy alone were as cost-effective as those that also used trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis. Life expectancy was increased by 30% with use of a second line of antiretroviral therapy after failure of the first-line regimen. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy, with the use of clinical criteria alone or in combination with CD4 testing to guide the timing of treatment, is an economically attractive health investment in settings with limited resources. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Program Hlth Decis Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Fac Med Lille, Ctr Hosp Tourcoing, Serv Univ Malad Infect & Voyageur, F-59045 Lille, France. CNRS, URA 362, Lab Rech Econ & Sociales, Lille, France. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. INSERM, U593, Bordeaux, France. Programme PAC CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Sect Decis Sci & Clin Syst Modeling, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goldie, SJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Program Hlth Decis Sci, 718 Huntington Ave,2nd Fl, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM sue_goldie@harvard.edu RI Anglaret, Xavier/F-7333-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K25 AI050436, K23 AI001794, K23-AI01794, K24 AI062476, K24-AI062476, K25-AI50436, R01 AI058736, R01-AI058736]; PHS HHS [U64/CCU 114927, U64/CCU 119525] NR 59 TC 189 Z9 194 U1 1 U2 9 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 14 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 11 BP 1141 EP 1153 DI 10.1056/NEJMsa060247 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 083NJ UT WOS:000240462800008 PM 16971720 ER PT J AU Torian, LV Blank, S Kellerman, SE Frieden, TR Ho, DD Markowitz, M Boden, D Diamond, A Parker, MM Roome, A McKenna, MT Folks, T Heneine, W AF Torian, L. V. Blank, S. Kellerman, S. E. Frieden, T. R. Ho, D. D. Markowitz, M. Boden, D. Diamond, Aaron Parker, M. M. Roome, A. McKenna, M. T. Folks, T. Heneine, W. TI Investigation of a new diagnosis of multidrug-resistant, dual-tropic HIV-1 infection - New York City, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 793-796, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; PROGRESSION C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STDs & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Torian, LV (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 13 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 10 BP 1226 EP 1228 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 083EA UT WOS:000240437500011 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Bansil, P McPheeters, M Meikle, SF Posner, SF Jamieson, DJ AF Kourtis, Athena P. Bansil, Pooja McPheeters, Melissa Meikle, Susan F. Posner, Samuel F. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Hospitalizations of pregnant HIV-infected women in the USA prior to and during the era of HAART, 1994-2003 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; hospitalization; HIV; obstetric complications; maternal; HAART ID COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; DRUG-USE; BIRTH; OUTCOMES; INFANTS; RISK; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; ZIDOVUDINE AB Background: The literature on whether HIV infection and its complex antiretroviral treatments confer a higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes is controversial. Objective: We compared rates of hospitalization for select morbidities among HIV-infected and uninfected pregnant women in the USA. Design and Methods: Using data from the 1994-2003 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we used descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression to examine sociodemographic characteristics, morbidity outcomes and time trends. Results: There were approximately 6000 hospitalizations per year of HIV-infected pregnant women in the USA. HIV-infected women were more likely to be hospitalized in urban hospitals, in the South, have Medicaid as the expected payer, have longer hospitalizations and incur higher charges than uninfected women. Hospitalizations for major puerperal sepsis, genitourinary infections, influenza, bacterial infections, preterm labor/delivery, and liver disorders were more frequent among pregnant HIV-infected women than their uninfected counterparts. However, rates of pre-eclampsia and antepartum hemorrhage were not significantly different. While rates of inpatient mortality and various infectious conditions decreased between 1994 and 2003, the rate of gestational diabetes increased among HIV-infected pregnant women. Conclusions: HIV-infected pregnant women in the USA continue to beat higher risk for morbidity and adverse obstetric outcomes. With the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, rates of most of the conditions examined have either decreased or remained stable, hence current antiretroviral regimens do not seem to be associated with major adverse pregnancy outcomes on a population basis. The increase in gestational diabetes among HIV-infected women may be associated, in part, with antiretroviral therapy and merits further attention. (c) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Michigan Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 28 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 14 BP 1823 EP 1831 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000244201.11006.1c PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 092BK UT WOS:000241071800005 PM 16954723 ER PT J AU Li, Z Romanoff, LC Trinidad, DA Hussain, N Jones, RS Porter, EN Needham, LL Patterson, DG Sjodin, A AF Li, Zheng Romanoff, Lovisa C. Trinidad, Debra A. Hussain, Narisa Jones, Richard S. Porter, Erin N. Needham, Larry L. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Sjodin, Andreas TI Assessing human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by urinary biomonitoring SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Li, Zheng; Romanoff, Lovisa C.; Trinidad, Debra A.; Hussain, Narisa; Jones, Richard S.; Porter, Erin N.; Needham, Larry L.; Patterson, Donald G., Jr.; Sjodin, Andreas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 271-ENVR BP 606 EP 606 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604537 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Sammons, DL Smith, JP Striley, CAF MacKenzie, BA Snawder, JE Robertson, SA AF Biagini, Raymond E. Sammons, Deborah L. Smith, Jerome P. Striley, Cynthia A. F. MacKenzie, Barbara A. Snawder, John E. Robertson, Shirley A. TI Use of liquid suspension array technology to measure environmental, bioterrorism and immunodiagnostic analytes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Biagini, Raymond E.; Sammons, Deborah L.; Smith, Jerome P.; Striley, Cynthia A. F.; MacKenzie, Barbara A.; Snawder, John E.; Robertson, Shirley A.] NIOSH, BHAB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 208-AGRO BP 622 EP 622 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600565 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Aslakson, E Gurbaxani, BM Vernon, SD AF Gupta, Shakti Aslakson, Eric Gurbaxani, Brian M. Vernon, Suzanne D. TI Glucocorticoid receptor: A disturbing element in the HPA axis negative feedback loop during stress response SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gupta, Shakti; Aslakson, Eric; Gurbaxani, Brian M.; Vernon, Suzanne D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 224-BIOL BP 683 EP 683 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600587 ER PT J AU Orr, MF AF Orr, Maureen F. TI CHAS 30-Responder injuries to skin and eyes reported to the hazardous substances emergency events surveillance system, 2004 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Orr, Maureen F.] ATSDR DHS SRB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 30-CHAS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602235 ER PT J AU Pierce, CY Barr, JR Woolfitt, AR Moura, H Thompson, HA Massung, RF Cody, RB Fernandez, FM AF Pierce, Carrie Y. Barr, John R. Woolfitt, Adrian R. Moura, Hercules Thompson, Herbert A. Massung, Robert F. Cody, Robert B. Fernandez, Facundo M. TI ANYL 320-Strain identification of the category B agent Coxiella burnetii by DART TOF-MS and multivariate pattern recognition SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pierce, Carrie Y.; Barr, John R.; Woolfitt, Adrian R.; Moura, Hercules] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Thompson, Herbert A.; Massung, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cody, Robert B.] JEOL USA Inc, Peabody, MA 01960 USA. [Fernandez, Facundo M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 320-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781601178 ER PT J AU Preston, K Loeffler, F Woolfitt, A Moura, H Henry, S Wu, QZ Sung, Y Barr, JR AF Preston, Kerry Loeffler, Frank Woolfitt, Adrian Moura, Hercules Henry, Sara Wu, Qingzhong Sung, Youlboong Barr, John R. TI ANYL 317-Detection of substrate-specific markers for metabolically versatile bacteria by whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Preston, Kerry; Woolfitt, Adrian; Moura, Hercules; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Loeffler, Frank; Henry, Sara; Wu, Qingzhong; Sung, Youlboong] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 317-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781601030 ER PT J AU Rodenbeck, SE Allred, M AF Rodenbeck, Sven E. Allred, Michael TI DSTR 24-Public health interpretation of the water, sediment, and soil sampling results conducted after hurricane Katrina SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rodenbeck, Sven E.; Allred, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, ATSDR,DHAC,SPAB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 24-DSTR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602795 ER PT J AU Smith, K Weerasekera, G Barr, DB Ryan, PB AF Smith, Kimberly Weerasekera, Gayanga Barr, Dana B. Ryan, P. Barry TI ANYL 42-Analysis of three clean-up methods for determining multi-residue pesticides in soil using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smith, Kimberly; Ryan, P. Barry] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Weerasekera, Gayanga; Barr, Dana B.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ryan, P. Barry] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 42-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781601053 ER PT J AU Janssens, ACJW Gwinn, M Valdez, R Narayan, KMV Khoury, MJ AF Janssens, A. Cecile J. W. Gwinn, Marta Valdez, Rodolfo Narayan, K. M. Venkat Khoury, Muin J. TI Predictive genetic testing for type 2 diabetes - May raise unrealistic expectations SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID RISK C1 Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Janssens, ACJW (reprint author), Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM ajanssens@erasmusmc.nl RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Janssens, A Cecile/0000-0002-6153-4976 NR 13 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. 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PD SEP 7 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 10 BP 1054 EP 1055 DI 10.1056/NEJMe068162 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 080UF UT WOS:000240273300013 PM 16957152 ER PT J AU Koplan, JP Harpaz, R AF Koplan, Jeffrey P. Harpaz, Rafael TI Shingles vaccine: Effective and costly or cost-effective? SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Emory Univ, Woodruff Hlth Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Respiratory Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koplan, JP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Woodruff Hlth Sci Ctr, 1440 Clifton Rd,NE,Suite 410, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 5 PY 2006 VL 145 IS 5 BP 386 EP 387 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 080NZ UT WOS:000240255900009 PM 16954362 ER EF