FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Looker, HC Fagot-Campagna, A Gunter, EW Pfeiffer, CM Sievers, ML Bennett, PH Nelson, RG Hanson, RL Knowler, WC AF Looker, Helen C. Fagot-Campagna, Anne Gunter, Elaine W. Pfeiffer, Christine M. Sievers, Maurice L. Bennett, Peter H. Nelson, Robert G. Hanson, Robert L. Knowler, William C. TI Homocysteine and vitamin B-12 concentrations and mortatity rates in type 2 diabetes SO DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; mortality; homocysteine ID PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; PIMA-INDIANS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AB Objective To assess the role of homocysteine as a risk factor for mortality in diabetic subjects. Methods Homocysteine, vitamin B-12, and folate concentrations were measured in stored sera of 396 diabetic Pima Indians aged >= 40 years when examined between 1982 and 1985. Vital status was assessed through 2001. Results and Conclusions Over a median follow-up of 15.7 years, there were 221 deaths -76 were due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), 36 to diabetes/nephropathy and 34 to infections. Homocysteine was positively associated with mortality from all causes (hazard rate ratio (HRR) for highest versus lowest tertile of homocysteine = 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-2.46), from diabetes/nephropathy (HRR = 2.39, 95% Cl 0.94-6.11) and from infectious diseases (HRR = 3.39, 95% CI 1.19-9.70), but not from CVD (HRR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.62-2.17) after adjustment for age, sex and diabetes duration. Homocysteine correlated with serum creatinine (r = 0.50), and the relationships with mortality rates were not significant after adjustment for creatinine. Vitamin B-12 was positively associated with all-cause mortality (HRR for 100 pg/mL difference adjusted for age, sex and diabetes duration = 1.15, 95% Cl 1.08-1.22) and death from diabetes/nephropathy (HRR = 1.27, 95% Cl 1.10-1.46). The association between homocysteine and mortality in type 2 diabetes is not causal, but is confounded by renal disease in Pima Indians. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Diabet & Digest & Kidney Dis, Phoenix, AZ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Looker, HC (reprint author), 1550 E Indian Sch Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85014 USA. EM hlooker@mail.nih.gov RI Nelson, Robert/B-1470-2012; Hanson, Robert/O-3238-2015 OI Hanson, Robert/0000-0002-4252-7068 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1520-7552 J9 DIABETES-METAB RES JI Diabetes-Metab. Res. Rev. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1002/dmrr.660 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 149KW UT WOS:000245146800003 PM 16845688 ER PT J AU McGuire, LC Ford, ES Okoro, CA AF McGuire, Lisa C. Ford, Earl S. Okoro, Catherine A. TI Natural disasters and older US adults with disabilities: implications for evacuation SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS); disability; evacuation; older adults; planning; shelter ID NEEDS AB We analysed 2003 and 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA to produce estimates of the number of community dwelling people aged 65 years or older with a disability and requiring special equipment. Approximately, 47,840 (31.6 per cent) older adults with a disability and 24,938 (16.6 per cent) older adults requiring the use of special equipment were community dwelling and might require assistance to evacuate or a shelter that could accommodate special equipment. Older adults who need special equipment were likely to be female, unmarried and white, and to rate their health as fair or poor. Personnel who plan and prepare for evacuations and temporary shelter during disasters need baseline information on the number of older adults with a disability or who require special equipment. A surveillance system, such as the BRFSS, gathers information that planners can use to prepare for and to deliver services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McGuire, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mail Stop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LMcGuire@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2007.00339.x PG 8 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 145RT UT WOS:000244882900003 PM 17367373 ER PT J AU Ploeg, MV Mancino, L Lin, BH Wang, CY AF Ploeg, Michele Ver Mancino, Lisa Lin, Biing-Hwan Wang, Chia-Yih TI The vanishing weight gap: Trends in obesity among adult food stamp participants (US) (1976-2002) SO ECONOMICS & HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE obesity; US Food Stamp Program; BMI; weight ID PROGRAM PARTICIPATION; UNITED-STATES; ASSOCIATION; INSECURITY; CYCLES; WOMEN AB High rates of obesity among low-income populations have led some to question whether USDA's food assistance programs have contributed to this health problem. Using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), this study shows that the association between food assistance program participation and body weight measures has weakened over the past three decades. Earlier NHANES data show that program participants were more likely to be overweight than individuals who were eligible but not participating in the program. This was particularly true among white women. However, the more recent data show that these differences have vanished, as the BMI of the rest of the population has caught up to BMI levels of food stamps recipients. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ploeg, MV (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Room N2165, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM sverploeg@ers.usda.gov NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-677X J9 ECON HUM BIOL JI Econ. Hum. Biol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 5 IS 1 BP 20 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.ehb.2006.10.002 PG 17 WC Economics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Business & Economics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 151VQ UT WOS:000245319300002 ER PT J AU Shah, NS Wright, A Bai, GH Barrera, L Boulahbal, F Martin-Casabona, N Drobniewski, F Gilpin, C Havelkova, M Lepe, R Lumb, R Metchock, B Portaels, F Rodrigues, MF Rusch-Gerdes, S Van Deun, A Vincent, V Laserson, K Wells, C Cegielski, JP AF Shah, N. Sarita Wright, Abigail Bai, Gill-Han Barrera, Lucia Boulahbal, Fadila Martin-Casabona, Nuria Drobniewski, Francis Gilpin, Chris Havelkova, Marta Lepe, Rosario Lumb, Richard Metchock, Beverly Portaels, Francoise Rodrigues, Maria Filomena Ruesch-Gerdes, Sabine Van Deun, Armand Vincent, Veronique Laserson, Kayla Wells, Charles Cegielski, J. Peter TI Worldwide emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MULTICENTER LABORATORY VALIDATION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS; CLASSICAL 2ND-LINE; CROSS-RESISTANCE; DOTS-PLUS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; OUTBREAK; SURVEILLANCE; CAPREOMYCIN AB Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are resistant to an increasing number of second-line drugs used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) are becoming a threat to public health worldwide. We surveyed the Network of Supranational Reference Laboratories for M. tuberculosis isolates that were resistant to second-line anti-TB drugs during 2000-2004. We defined extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) as MDR TB with further resistance to >= 3 of the 6 classes of second-line drugs. Of 23 eligible laboratories, 14 (61%) contributed data on 17,690 isolates, which reflected drug susceptibility results from 48 countries. Of 3,520 (19.9%) MDR TB isolates, 347 (9.9%) met criteria for XDR TB. Further investigation of population-based trends and expanded efforts to prevent drug resistance and effectively treat patients with MDR TB are crucial for protection of public health and control of TB. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. Korean Inst TB, Seoul, South Korea. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Inst Pasteur, Algiers, Algeria. Hosp Univ Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. Hlth Protect Agcy, London, England. Prince Charles Hosp, Brisbane, Qld 4032, Australia. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Scrobarova, Czech Republic. Inst Publ Hlth Chile, Santiago, Chile. Inst Med & Vet Sci, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Natl Inst Hlth, Oporto, Portugal. Natl Reference Ctr Mycobacteria, Borstel, Germany. Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. RP Shah, NS (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, 111 E 210 St, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. EM sshah@montefiore.org NR 33 TC 294 Z9 314 U1 0 U2 52 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 380 EP 387 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 144MQ UT WOS:000244800900003 PM 17552090 ER PT J AU Gujral, IB Zielinski-Gutierrez, EC LeBailly, A Nasci, R AF Gujral, Indira B. Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily C. LeBailly, Adrienne Nasci, Roger TI Behavioral risks for West Nile Virus disease, northern Colorado, 2003 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In 2003, residents in 2 adjacent cities in northern Colorado (Loveland and Fort Collins) had severe outbreaks of human West Nile virus (WNV) disease. Unexpectedly, age-adjusted neuroinvasive disease rates were higher in Loveland (38.6 vs. 15.9 per 100,000), which had a more extensive mosquito control program and fewer mosquitoes. A survey was conducted to assess differences in personal protection and risk practices by each city's residents. During May and June 2004, a random-digit dial telephone survey was conducted among adults to assess personal protection behavioral practices used to prevent WNV infection during the 2003 outbreak. After we adjusted for identified risk factors, Loveland residents were 39% more likely to report seldom or never using N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), and approximate to 30% were more likely to report being outdoors during prime mosquito-biting hours than Fort Collins residents. Personal protective practices may directly influence rates of WNV infection and remain important even when comprehensive community mosquito control measures are implemented. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Larimer Cty Dept Hlth & Environm, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Gujral, IB (reprint author), 1415 Crestmore Pl, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM indiragujral0214@msn.com NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 419 EP 425 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 144MQ UT WOS:000244800900008 PM 17552095 ER PT J AU Tompkins, SM Zhao, ZS Lo, CY Misplon, JA Liu, T Ye, ZP Hogan, RJ Wu, ZQ Benton, KA Tumpey, TM Epstein, SL AF Tompkins, Stephen Mark Zhao, Zi-Shan Lo, Chia-Yun Misplon, Julia A. Liu, Teresa Ye, Zhiping Hogan, Robert J. Wu, Zhengqi Benton, Kimberly A. Tumpey, Terrence M. Epstein, Suzanne L. TI Matrix protein 2 vaccination and protection against influenza viruses, including subtype H5N1 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; M2 PROTEIN; T-CELLS; MICE; CHALLENGE; IMMUNITY; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; VACCINES AB Changes in influenza viruses require regular reformulation of strain-specific influenza vaccines. Vaccines based on conserved antigens provide broader protection. Influenza matrix protein 2 (M2) is highly conserved across influenza A subtypes. To evaluate its efficacy as a vaccine candidate, we vaccinated mice with M2 peptide of a widely shared consensus sequence. This vaccination induced antibodies that cross-reacted with divergent M2 peptide from an H5N1 subtype. A DNA vaccine expressing full-length consensus-sequence M2 (M2-DNA) induced M2-specific antibody responses and protected against challenge with lethal influenza. Mice primed with M2-DNA and then boosted with recombinant adenovirus expressing M2 (M2-Ad) had enhanced antibody responses that cross-reacted with human and avian M2 sequences and produced T-cell responses. This M2 prime-boost vaccination conferred broad protection against challenge with lethal influenza A, including an H5N1 strain. Vaccination with M2, with key sequences represented, may provide broad protection against influenza A. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. RP Tompkins, SM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, 111 Carlton St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM tompkins@vet.uga.edu RI Tompkins, Stephen/A-3317-2008 OI Tompkins, Stephen/0000-0002-1523-5588 NR 22 TC 177 Z9 197 U1 2 U2 11 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 426 EP 435 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 144MQ UT WOS:000244800900009 PM 17552096 ER PT J AU Tan, ET Robertson, CA Brynildsen, S Bresnitz, E Tan, C McDonald, C AF Tan, Esther T. Robertson, Corwin A. Brynildsen, Shereen Bresnitz, Eddy Tan, Christina McDonald, Clifford TI Clostridium difficile-associated disease in New Jersey hospitals, 2000-2004 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE AB Recent emergence of a virulent strain of Clostridium difficile demonstrates the importance of tracking C. difficile incidence locally. Our survey of New Jersey hospitals documented increases in the rates of C. difficile disease (by 2-fold), C. difficile-associated complications (by 7-fold), and C. difficile outbreaks (by 12-fold) during 2000-2004. C1 New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tan, ET (reprint author), UN, Influenza Pandem Preparedness Team, Dept Peacekeeping Operat, Rm S-101 1, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM esthertan@post.harvard.edu NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 498 EP 500 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 144MQ UT WOS:000244800900025 PM 17552112 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Muccioli, C Belfort, R Holland, GN Roberts, JM Silveira, C AF Jones, Jeffrey L. Muccioli, Cristina Belfort, Rubens, Jr. Holland, Gary N. Roberts, Jacquelin M. Silveira, Claudio TI Toxoplasma gondii, Brazil - In response SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID WATERBORNE TOXOPLASMOSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Clin Silveira, Erechim, RS, Brazil. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jljl@cdc.gov RI Belfort Jr, Rubens/E-2252-2012; Muccioli, Cristina/C-3419-2013 OI Belfort Jr, Rubens/0000-0002-8422-3898; NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 512 EP 513 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 144MQ UT WOS:000244800900034 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Rasmussen, SA Cragan, JD Cono, J AF Jamieson, Denise J. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Cragan, Janet D. Cono, Joanne TI Pregnancy and emerging diseases - In response SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM djamieson@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 519 EP 519 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 144MQ UT WOS:000244800900039 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI The way forward is the way back - Herakleitos of Ephesus, c. 500 BCE SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 524 EP 525 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 144MQ UT WOS:000244800900044 ER PT J AU Waller, LA Goodwin, BJ Wilson, ML Ostfeld, RS Marshall, SL Hayes, EB AF Waller, Lance A. Goodwin, Brett J. Wilson, Mark L. Ostfeld, Richard S. Marshall, Stacie L. Hayes, Edward B. TI Spatio-temporal patterns in county-level incidence and reporting of Lyme disease in the northeastern United States, 1990-2000 SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Graybill Conference 2004 CY JUN, 2004 CL Ft Collins, CO DE hierarchical linear model; risk map; local risk; conceptual context; local precision ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; DAMMINI ACARI; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; SATELLITE IMAGERY; NORTH-AMERICA; RISK-FACTORS; IXODIDAE AB We present an exploratory analysis of reported county-specific incidence of Lyme disease in the northeastern United States for the years 1990-2000. We briefly review the disease ecology of Lyme disease and the use of risk maps to describe local incidence as estimates of local risk of disease. We place the relevant elements of local environmental and ecological variables, local disease incidence, and (importantly) local disease reporting in a conceptual context to frame our analysis. We then apply hierarchical linear models of increasing complexity to summarize observed patterns in reported incidence, borrowing information across counties to improve local precision. We find areas of increasing incidence in the central northeastern Atlantic coast counties, increasing incidence branching to the north and west, and an area of fairly stable and slightly decreasing reported incidence in western New York. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Emory Univ, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Colorado State Univ, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Waller, LA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM lwaller@sph.emory.edu OI Goodwin, Brett/0000-0002-6917-459X NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 83 EP 100 DI 10.1007/s10651-006-0002-z PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 137LN UT WOS:000244294200007 ER PT J AU Bello, D Herrick, CA Smith, TJ Woskie, SR Streicher, RP Cullen, MR Liu, YC Redlich, CA AF Bello, Dhimiter Herrick, Christina A. Smith, Thomas J. Woskie, Susan R. Streicher, Robert P. Cullen, Mark R. Liu, Youcheng Redlich, Carrie A. TI Skin exposure to isocyanates: Reasons for concern SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE asthma; dermal exposure; isocyanates; sensitization; skin ID ALLERGIC CONTACT-DERMATITIS; METHYLENE DIPHENYL DIISOCYANATE; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; POLYURETHANE FOAM; BODY REPAIR; IN-VIVO; 1,6-HEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE; TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE; RESPIRATORY ALLERGY AB OBJECTIVE: Isocyanates (di- and poly-), important chemicals used worldwide to produce polyurethane products, are a leading cause of occupational asthma. Respiratory exposures have been reduced through improved hygiene controls and the use of less-volatile isocyanates. Yet isocyanate asthma continues to occur, not uncommonly in settings with minimal inhalation exposure but opportunity for skin exposure. In this review we evaluate the potential role of skin exposure in the development of isocyanate asthma. DATA SOURCES: We reviewed the published animal and human literature on isocyanate skin-exposure methods, workplace skin exposure, skin absorption, and the role of skin exposure in isocyanate sensitization and asthma. DATA EXTRACTION: We selected relevant articles from computerized searches on Medline, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and Google databases using the keywords "isocyanate," "asthma," "skin," "sensitization," and other synonymous terms, and our own extensive collection of isocyanate publications. DATA SYNTHESIS: Isocyanate production and use continues to increase as the polyurethane industry expands. There is substantial opportunity for isocyanate skin exposure in many work settings, but such exposure is challenging to quantify and continues to be underappreciated. Isocyanate skin exposure can occur at work, even with the use of personal protective equipment, and may also occur with consumer use of certain isocyanate products. In animals, isocyanate skin exposure is an efficient route to induce sensitization, with subsequent inhalation challenge resulting in asthma-like responses. Several lines of evidence support a similar role for human isocyanate skin exposure, namely, that such exposure occurs and can contribute to the development of isocyanate asthma in certain settings, presumably by inducing systemic sensitization. CONCLUSIONS: Integrated animal and human research is needed to better understand the role of skin exposure in human isocyanate asthma and to improve diagnosis and prevention. In spite of substantial research needs, sufficient evidence already exists to justify greater emphasis on the potential risks of isocyanate skin exposure and the importance of preventing such exposures at work and during consumer use of certain isocyanate products. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Exposure Epidemiol & Risk Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Occupat & Environm Med Program, New Haven, CT USA. RP Bello, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, KI 200,1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM dhimiter_bello@uml.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [K24 ES000355, T32 ES07069, T32 ES007069, K24 ES00355]; NIOSH CDC HHS [5 R01 OH004246, R01 OH004246, R01 OH3457] NR 94 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 19 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 115 IS 3 BP 328 EP 335 DI 10.1289/ehp.9557 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 142LN UT WOS:000244651500022 PM 17431479 ER PT J AU Warner, M Eskenazi, B Olive, DL Samuels, S Quick-Miles, S Vercellini, P Gerthoux, PM Needham, L Patterson, DG Mocarelli, P AF Warner, Marcella Eskenazi, Brenda Olive, David L. Samuels, Steven Quick-Miles, Sunita Vercellini, Paolo Gerthoux, Pier Mario Needham, Larry Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Mocarelli, Paolo TI Serum dioxin concentrations and quality of ovarian function in women of seveso SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruptor; hormones; ovary; TCDD; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ID MENSTRUAL-CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS; LUTEINIZED GRANULOSA-CELLS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; IN-UTERO; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HOLTZMAN RATS; FEMALE RATS; OVULATION; MODEL AB BACKGROUND: Although 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been associated with alterations in ovarian function and hormones in animals, it has not been studied in humans. On 10 July 1976, an explosion exposed residents of Seveso, Italy, to the highest levels of TCDD in a population. Twenty years later, we initiated the Seveso Women's Health Study to study reproductive health. OBJECTIVE: We related TCDD levels measured in sera collected near the time of explosion and ovarian function (ovarian cysts, ovarian follicles, ovulation rate, serum hormones) at follow-up. METHODS: We included 363 women who were 20-40 years of age and nonusers of oral contraceptives. We examined the relationship of 1976 serum TCDD levels with ultrasound-detected ovarian follicles among 96 women in the menstrual follicular phase and serum hormone levels (estradiol, progesterone) among 129 women in the menstrual luteal phase at follow-up. Ovulation was defined by serum progesterone levels > 3 ng/mL. RESULTS: The median serum TCDD level was 77.3 ppt, lipid-adjusted. Serum TCDD was not associated with number or size of ovarian follicles. Of women in the luteal phase, 87 (67%) ovulated. Serum log(10)TCDD was not associated with odds of ovulation [adjusted odds ratio = 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5 to 1.9]. Among those who had ovulated, serum log(10)TCDD was not associated with serum progesterone [adjusted beta (adj-beta) = -0.70; 95% CI, -2.4 to 1.0] or estradiol (adj-beta = -1.81; 95% CI, -10.4 to 6.8). CONCLUSIONS: We found no dear evidence that 1976 TCDD exposure was associated with ovarian function 20 years later in women exposed to relatively high levels in Seveso, Italy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Madison, WI USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Milan, Mangiagalii Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Milan, Italy. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Lab Med, Sch Med, Hosp Desio, Milan, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Warner, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mwarner@berkeley.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Vercellini, Paolo/K-5295-2016 OI Vercellini, Paolo/0000-0003-4195-0996 FU FIC NIH HHS [F06 TW002075, F06 TW02075-01]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES07171, 2P30 ES01896-17, R01 ES007171] NR 43 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 115 IS 3 BP 336 EP 340 DI 10.1289/ehp.9667 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 142LN UT WOS:000244651500023 PM 17431480 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, GL Hattis, DB Zoeller, RT Rice, DC AF Ginsberg, Gary L. Hattis, Dale B. Zoeller, R. Thomas Rice, Deborah C. TI Evaluation of the US EPA/OSWER preliminary remediation goal for perchlorate in groundwater: Focus on exposure to nursing infants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE drinking water; neurodevelopment; nursing infants; perchlorate; PRG; thyroid hormone ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; DRINKING-WATER; THYROXINE TREATMENT; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; IODINE DEFICIENCY; HUMAN-MILK; POPULATION; INHIBITION AB BACKGROUND: Perchlorate is a common contaminant of drinking water and food. It competes with iodide for uptake into the thyroid, thus interfering with thyroid hormone production. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) set a groundwater preliminary remediation goal (PRG) of 24.5 mu g/L to prevent exposure of pregnant women that would affect the fetus. This does not account for the greater exposure that is possible in nursing infants or for the relative source contribution (RSC), a factor normally used to lower the PRG due to nonwater exposures. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to assess whether the OSWER PRG protects infants against exposures from breast-feeding, and to evaluate the Perchlorate RSC. METHODS: We used Monte Carlo analysis to simulate nursing infant exposures associated with the OSWER PRG when combined with background Perchlorate. RESULTS: The PRG can lead to a 7-fold increase in breast milk concentration, causing 90% of nursing infants to exceed the reference dose (RfD) (average exceedance, 2.8-fold). Drinking-water perchlorate must be < 6.9 mu g/L to keep the median, and < 1.3 mu g/L to keep the 90th-percentile nursing infant exposure below the RfD. This is 3.6- to 19-fold below the PRG. Analysis of biomonitoring data suggests an RSC of 0.7 for pregnant women and of 0.2 for nursing infants. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggest that the RfD itself needs to be reevaluated because of hormonal effects in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: The OSWER PRG for Perchlorate can be improved by considering infant exposures, by incorporating an RSC, and by being responsive to any changes in the RfD resulting from die new CDC data. C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Augusta, ME USA. RP Ginsberg, GL (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, 410 Capitol Ave,Mail Stop 11CHA, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@po.state.ct.us NR 62 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 115 IS 3 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1289/ehp.9533 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 142LN UT WOS:000244651500027 PM 17431484 ER PT J AU Honein, MA Rasmussen, SA Reefhuis, J Romitti, PA Lammer, EJ Sun, LX Correa, A AF Honein, Margaret A. Rasmussen, Sonia A. Reefhuis, Jennita Romitti, Paul A. Lammer, Edward J. Sun, Lixian Correa, Adolfo TI Maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of orofacial clefts SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; SELF-REPORTED SMOKING; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ORAL CLEFTS; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; FOLATE LEVELS; LIP; PALATE AB Background: Smoking during pregnancy has been associated with orofacial clefts in numerous studies. However, most previous studies have not been able to assess the relation between maternal smoking and specific phenotypes (eg, bilateral clefts). Methods: We examined the association between periconceptional maternal smoking, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) (n = 933) and cleft palate only (CPO) (n = 528) compared with infants with no major birth defects (n = 3390). Infants were born between I October 1997 and 31 December 2001, and exposures were ascertained from maternal telephone interviews for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. We excluded infants who had a first-degree relative with an orofacial cleft. Effect estimates were adjusted for folic acid use, study site, prepregnancy obesity, alcohol use, gravidity, and maternal age, education, and race/ethnicity. Results: Periconceptional smoking was associated with CLP (odds ratio = 1.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.0-1.6), and more strongly associated with bilateral CLP (1.7; 1.2-2.6), with a weaker association observed for CPO. Heavy maternal smoking (25+ cigarettes/ day) was associated with CLP (1.8; 1.0-3.2), bilateral CLP (4.2, 1.7-10.3), and CPO with Pierre Robin sequence (2.5; 0.9-7.0). ETS exposure was not associated with CLP or CPO. Conclusions: This study confirmed the modest association between smoking and orofacial clefts that has been consistently reported, and identified specific phenotypes most strongly affected. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Mhonein@cdc.gov RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011; Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831; NR 48 TC 103 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000254430.61294.c0 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 139HD UT WOS:000244422000009 PM 17202867 ER PT J AU Atladottir, HO Parner, ET Schendel, D Dalsgaard, S Thomsen, PH Thorsen, P AF Atladottir, Hjordis Osk Parner, Erik T. Schendel, Diana Dalsgaard, Soren Thomsen, Per Hove Thorsen, Poul TI Variation in incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders with season of birth SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; PREVALENCE; ADHD AB Background: The etiologies of autism spectrum disorder and many neurodevelopmental disorders are largely unknown. The detection of a seasonal variation of birth of children diagnosed with a certain disorder could suggest etiological factors that follow a seasonal pattern. We examined the seasonal variation of births of children diagnosed with any of 4 common childhood neuropsychiatric disorders: autism spectrum disorder, hyperkinetic disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods: The study cohort consisted of all children born in Denmark from 1990 through 1999 identified in the Danish Medical Birth Register (n = 669,995). Outcome data consisted of both inpatient and outpatient diagnoses reported to the Danish National Psychiatric Registry from 1995 through 2004 using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, diagnostic coding system. Logistic regression combined with spline (a smoothing method) was used to estimate the variation with season of birth for each disorder. Estimates of risk of each disorder with season of birth were adjusted for differences in follow-up time and change in incidence over time. Results: No convincing variations in season of birth were observed for any of the 4 disorders, or for the autism-spectrum-disorder subtypes. Conclusion: Although we cannot rule out the possibility of seasonal variation of birth for a range of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, we find little evidence that seasonal environmental factors are related to these disorders. C1 Aarhus Univ, NANEA, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Aarhus, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Aarhus Univ Hosp, Psychiat Hosp Children & Adolescents, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Atladottir, HO (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, NANEA, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Paludan Mullers Vej 17, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM hoa@soci.au.dk RI Parner, Erik/F-5532-2010; Dalsgaard, Soren/I-4595-2013 OI Dalsgaard, Soren/0000-0003-4659-0969 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 240 EP 245 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000254064.92806.13 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 139HD UT WOS:000244422000011 PM 17202868 ER PT J AU Waters, T Rauche, C Genaidy, A Rashed, T AF Waters, Thomas Rauche, Christin Genaidy, Ash Rashed, Tarek TI A new framework for evaluating potential risk of back disorders due to whole body vibration and repeated mechanical shock SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE mechanical shocks; whole-body vibration; health effects ID LUMBAR SPINE; INTERVERTEBRAL DISC; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; STRESS-FRACTURES; POSTURAL STRESS; PAIN; DRIVERS; HEALTH; VEHICLES; EXPOSURE AB A number of studies have examined the potential relationship between exposure to occupational vibration and low back pain associated with operation of vehicles. Only a handful of studies, however, have attempted to differentiate between the relative contributions of the steady state and transient mechanical shock components ( the latter also being known as 'jarring and jolting', 'high acceleration event', 'multiple shocks' and 'impact') of the vibration exposure. The primary objective of this paper is to present a review of current studies that examine mechanical shock, present a case for the importance of evaluating both steady state and mechanical shock components and propose a new framework for evaluating the health effects due to occupational vibration exposure. A computerized bibliographical search of several databases was performed with special reference to the health effects of mechanical shock in relation to lower back disorders. Based on the analysis, eight experimental studies and nine epidemiological studies with relevance to exposure to 'mechanical shock' were identified. These studies suggested that rough vehicle rides are prevalent and that repeated exposure to mechanical shock may increase the risk of lower back pain. There is an urgent need for assessing the health effects of mechanical shocks in epidemiological studies. In particular, the new ISO 2631-5: International Organization for Standardization 2004 standard for shock exposure assessment should be evaluated with regard to musculoskeletal health effects. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Ind & Mech Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Waters, T (reprint author), NIOSH, ML C24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM trw1@cdc.gov NR 79 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD MAR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 379 EP 395 DI 10.1080/00140130601089978 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 142RQ UT WOS:000244667900005 PM 17536775 ER PT J AU Zhu, W Tenover, FC Limor, J Lonsway, D Prince, D Dunne, WM Patel, JB AF Zhu, W. Tenover, F. C. Limor, J. Lonsway, D. Prince, D. Dunne, W. M., Jr. Patel, J. B. TI Use of pyrosequencing to identify point mutations in domain V of 23S rRNA genes of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; FAECIUM; OXAZOLIDINONES; DOSAGE; CFR AB A pyrosequencing assay was used for the rapid characterization of linezolid-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The assay identified base substitutions in copies of the 23S rRNA gene and determined the percentage of alleles with the mutation. Modifications of the assay were necessary to identify all mutations in the 23S rRNA genes of S. epidermidis that were associated with linezolid resistance. A C2534T mutation was identified in S. epidermidis that was not previously reported in a linezolid-resistant isolate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Piedmont Hosp, Microbiol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Zhu, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vzp4@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s10096-007-0261-0 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 151MF UT WOS:000245293800002 PM 17393201 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Whichard, JM AF Gerner-Smidt, Peter Whichard, Jean M. TI Foodborne disease trends and reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.9999 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 149EL UT WOS:000245129800001 PM 17378702 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Scallan, E Angulo, FJ AF Jones, Timothy F. Scallan, Elaine Angulo, Frederick J. TI FoodNet: Overview of a decade of achievement SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SPORADIC CAMPYLOBACTER INFECTION; FOODBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; SITES; INFANTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) performs active, population-based laboratory surveillance for nine common foodborne pathogens and one syndrome in a catchment area of 44.5 million persons. FoodNet surveillance data are an important resource for examining trends in specific diseases over time. Population surveys and laboratory surveys have been used to estimate the burden of disease, for example that there are 38.6 cases of Salmonella infection for each reported case. FoodNet case-control studies have identified new risk factors for E. coli O157, Campylobacter, and several Salmonella serotypes. FoodNet sites have demonstrated the value of delivered stool kits for improving the rate of confirming an etiology in foodborne disease outbreaks. FoodNet helps build capacity for foodborne disease surveillance in participating sites and through close collaborations with PulseNet, EHS-Net, Global SalmSurv, and other partners. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, 425 5th Ave N,4th Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. EM tim.f.jones@state.tn.us NR 27 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.63 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 149EL UT WOS:000245129800011 PM 17378709 ER PT J AU El-Serag, H Khoury, MJ Lewis, JD AF El-Serag, Hashem Khoury, Muin J. Lewis, James D. TI HuGE reviews and meta-analysis of gene association studies SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 132 IS 3 BP 839 EP 840 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.01.065 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 149YH UT WOS:000245182300005 ER PT J AU Rajeevan, MS Smith, AK Dimulescu, I Unger, ER Vernon, SD Heim, C Reeves, WC AF Rajeevan, M. S. Smith, A. K. Dimulescu, I. Unger, E. R. Vernon, S. D. Heim, C. Reeves, W. C. TI Glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms and haplotypes associated with chronic fatigue syndrome SO GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE chronic fatigue syndrome; glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1); haplotypes; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; polymorphisms ID ADRENAL HPA AXIS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; GENE-EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; DEPRESSION; DISORDERS AB Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a significant public health problem of unknown etiology, the pathophysiology has not been elucidated, and there are no characteristic physical signs or laboratory abnormalities. Some studies have indicated an association of CFS with deregulation of immune functions and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. In this study, we examined the association of sequence variations in the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) with CFS because NR3C1 is a major effector of the HPA axis. There were 137 study participants (40 with CFS, 55 with insufficient symptoms or fatigue, termed as ISF, and 42 non-fatigued controls) who were clinically evaluated and identified from the general population of Wichita, KS. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NR3C1 were tested for association of polymorphisms and haplotypes with CFS. We observed an association of multiple SNPs with chronic fatigue compared to non-fatigued (NF) subjects (P < 0.05) and found similar associations with quantitative assessments of functional impairment (by the SF-36), with fatigue (by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory) and with symptoms (assessed by the Centers for Disease Control Symptom Inventory). Subjects homozygous for the major allele of all associated SNPs were at increased risk for CFS with odds ratios ranging from 2.61 (CI 1.05-6.45) to 3.00 (CI 1.12-8.05). Five SNPs, covering a region of approximately 80 kb, demonstrated high linkage disequilibrium (LD) in CFS, but LD gradually declined in ISF to NF subjects. Furthermore, haplotype analysis of the region in LD identified two associated haplotypes with opposite alleles: one protective and the other conferring risk of CFS. These results demonstrate NR3C1 as a potential mediator of chronic fatigue, and implicate variations in the 5' region of NR3C1 as a possible mechanism through which the alterations in HPA axis regulation and behavioural characteristics of CFS may manifest. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rajeevan, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSG41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mor4@cdc.gov RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009; OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 53 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1601-1848 J9 GENES BRAIN BEHAV JI Genes Brain Behav. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00244.x PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 140YT UT WOS:000244543500006 PM 16740143 ER PT J AU Dietz, W Lee, J Wechsler, H Malepati, S Sherry, B AF Dietz, William Lee, Jason Wechsler, Howell Malepati, Sarath Sherry, Bettylou TI Health plans' role in preventing overweight in children and adolescents SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; OBESITY; PREVALENCE AB The increasing prevalence of overweight children and adolescents in the United States threatens the well-being of a vast segment of this population. This paper examines how U.S. health plans can promote evidence-based behavioral-change strategies by directly intervening in medical settings and by supporting efforts to modify the environments in which young people live, study, and play. We describe a variety of innovative initiatives launched in recent years by health plans to address overweight among children and adolescents. Despite gaps in the evidence base, enough is now known to support aggressive steps to control this important public health problem. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dietz, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jlee@nihon.org FU PHS HHS [U36/CCU325066-02] NR 15 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 430 EP 440 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.26.2.430 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 143YY UT WOS:000244763500015 PM 17339670 ER PT J AU Bramlett, MD Blumberg, SJ AF Bramlett, Matthew D. Blumberg, Stephen J. TI Family structure and children's physical and mental health SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; MARRIAGE AB Using the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health, this paper examines the physical and mental health of children by family structure. Children in step, single-mother, or grandparent-only families had poorer health than children living with two biological parents. Adjusting for demographic differences reduced observed disparities, although children living in single-mother or grandpa rent-only families still had poorer health than children living with two biological parents. Adjusted estimates showed that children in single-father families generally did as well as (for mental health) or better than (for physical health) children living with two biological parents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Bramlett, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM mbramlett@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 12 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 549 EP 558 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.26.2.549 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 143YY UT WOS:000244763500030 PM 17339685 ER PT J AU Hauser, R Meeker, JD Singh, NP Silva, MJ Ryan, L Duty, S Calafat, AM AF Hauser, R. Meeker, J. D. Singh, N. P. Silva, M. J. Ryan, L. Duty, S. Calafat, A. M. TI DNA damage in human sperm is related to urinary levels of phthalate monoester and oxidative metabolites SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE phthalates; urinary metabolites; DNA damage; comet assay; human sperm ID EJACULATED HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; COMET ASSAY; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; TESTICULAR TOXICITY; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; BUTYL-PHTHALATE; HUMAN EXPOSURE; STRAND BREAKS; DEHP; APOPTOSIS AB BACKGROUND: The ubiquitous use of phthalate esters in plastics, personal care products and food packaging materials results in widespread general population exposure. In this report, we extend our preliminary study on the relationship between urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and sperm DNA damage among a larger sample of men and include measurements of mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHAIR) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), two oxidative metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). METHODS: Among 379 men from an infertility clinic, urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites were measured using isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sperm DNA damage measurements, assessed with the neutral comet assay, included comet extent (CE), percentage of DNA in tail (Tail%) and tail distributed moment (TDM). RESULTS: Monoethyl phthalate (MEP), a metabolite of diethyl phthalate, was associated with increased DNA damage, confirming our previous findings. Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MERP), a metabolite of DEHP, was associated with DNA damage after adjustment for the oxidative DEHP metabolites. After adjustment for MEHHP, for an interquartile range increase in urinary MEHP, CE increased 17.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.7-25.7%], TDM increased 14.3% (95% CI = 6.8-21.7%) and Tail% increased 17.5% (95% CI = 3.5-31.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Sperm DNA damage was associated with MEP and with MEHP after adjusting for DEHP oxidative metabolites, which may serve as phenotypic markers of DEHP metabolism to 'less toxic' metabolites. The urinary levels of phthalate metabolites among these men were similar to those reported for the US general population, suggesting that exposure to some phthalates may affect the population distribution of sperm DNA damage. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Androl Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, In Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Simmons Coll, Dept Nursing, Sch Hlth Studies, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Bldg 1,Room 1405,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hohp.harvard.edu RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009; OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490; Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09718] NR 57 TC 182 Z9 203 U1 10 U2 47 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 688 EP 695 DI 10.1093/humrep/del428 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 147OG UT WOS:000245011700008 PM 17090632 ER PT J AU Liu, M Liu, H Lin, SC Hughes, A Vafai, A AF Liu, Merry Liu, Hsi Lin, Seh-Ching Hughes, Angel Vafai, Abbas TI Rapid identification and authentication of animal cell culture based on PCR size differences. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Sci Resources, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mliu@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S35 EP S36 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400091 ER PT J AU Zell, BL Goldmann, DA AF Zell, Bonnie L. Goldmann, Donald A. TI Healthcare-associated infection and antimicrobial resistance: Moving beyond description to prevention SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; HOSPITALS; UNIT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlthcare Qualt Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Hlthcare Improvement, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Zell, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlthcare Qualt Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bzell@ihi.org NR 21 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0899-823X EI 1559-6834 J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 261 EP 264 DI 10.1086/513722 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NM UT WOS:000249120800002 PM 17326015 ER PT J AU Dedrick, RE Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Cunningham, C Muder, RR Perreiah, P Cardo, DM Jernigan, JA AF Dedrick, Rebecca E. Sinkowitz-Cochran, Ronda L. Cunningham, Candace Muder, Robert R. Perreiah, Peter Cardo, Denise M. Jernigan, John A. TI Hand hygiene practices after brief encounters with patients: An important opportunity for prevention SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 18-20, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; INFECTION-CONTROL; CARE; CONTAMINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PERCEPTIONS; GUIDELINES; HOSPITALS; ADHERENCE; KNOWLEDGE AB OBJECTIVE. To identify characteristics of encounters between healthcare workers ( HCWs) and patients that correlated with hand hygiene adherence among HCWs. DESIGN. Observational study. SETTING. Intensive care unit in a Veterans Affairs hospital. PARTICIPANTS. HCWs. RESULTS. There were 767 patient encounters observed ( 48.6% involved nurses, 20.6% involved physicians, and 30.8% involved other HCWs); 39.8% of encounters involved patients placed under contact precautions. HCW contact with either the patient or surfaces in the patient's environment occurred during all encounters; direct patient contact occurred during 439 encounters ( 57.4%), and contact with environmental surfaces occurred during 710 encounters ( 92.6%). The median duration of encounters was 2 minutes ( range, ! 1 to 51 minutes); 33.6% of encounters lasted 1 minute or less, with no significant occupation- associated differences in the median duration of encounters. Adherence with hand hygiene practices was correlated with the duration of the encounter, with overall adherences of 30.0% after encounters of <= 1 minute, 43.4% after encounters of 11 to <= 2 minutes, 51.1% after encounters of >3 to <= 5 minutes, and 64.9% after encounters of >5 minutes (P<.001 by the chi(2) for trend). In multivariate analyses, longer encounter duration, contact precautions status, patient contact, and nursing occupation were independently associated with adherence to hand hygiene recommendations. CONCLUSIONS. In this study, adherence to hand hygiene practices was lowest after brief patient encounters ( ie, <2 minutes). Brief encounters accounted for a substantial proportion of all observed encounters, and opportunities for hand contamination occurred during all brief encounters. Therefore, improving adherence after brief encounters may have an important overall impact on the transmission of healthcare- associated pathogens and may deserve special emphasis in the design of programs to promote adherence to hand hygiene practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Div Hlthcare Qualt Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Reg Hlthcare Initiat, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Jernigan, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Prevent & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jjernigan@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1086/510789 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NM UT WOS:000249120800014 PM 17326027 ER PT J AU Shih, FY Yen, MY Wu, JS Chang, FK Lin, LW Ho, MS Hsiung, CA Su, IJ Marx, MA Sobel, H King, CC AF Shih, Fuh-Yuan Yen, Muh-Yong Wu, Jiunn-Shyan Chang, Fang-Kuei Lin, Lih-Wen Ho, Mei-Shang Hsiung, Chao A. Su, Ih-Jen Marx, Melissa A. Sobel, Howard King, Chwan-Chuen TI Challenges faced by hospital healthcare workers in using a syndrome-based surveillance system during the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Taiwan SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; SARS; EMERGENCY AB Because the severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS) outbreak in Taiwan in 2003 was worsened by hospital infections, we analyzed 229 questionnaires ( 84.8% of 270 sent) completed by surveyed healthcare workers who cared for patients with SARS in 3 types of hospitals, to identify surveillance problems. Atypical clinical presentation was the most often reported problem, regardless of hospital type, which strongly indicates that more timely syndromic surveillance was needed. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Epidemiol, Coll Publ Hlth, Taipei 100, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Yang Ming Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Biomed Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Natl Hlth Res Inst, Div Biostat & Bioinformat, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP King, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Epidemiol, Coll Publ Hlth, No 17,Xu Zhou Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan. EM cc_king99@hotmail.com RI WU, Jiunn-Shyan/C-1855-2008; Hsiung, Chao Agnes/E-3994-2010; Su, Ih-Jen/B-2655-2010; OI SHIH, FUH-YUAN/0000-0002-7755-0110; King, Chwan-Chuen/0000-0002-6078-2601 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 354 EP 357 DI 10.1086/508835 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NM UT WOS:000249120800017 PM 17326030 ER PT J AU Pacheco, MA Poe, AC Collins, WE Lal, AA Tanabe, K Kariuki, SK Udhayakumar, V Escalante, AA AF Pacheco, M. Andreina Poe, Amanda C. Collins, William E. Lal, Altaf A. Tanabe, Kazuyuki Kariuki, Simon K. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Escalante, Ananias A. TI A comparative study of the genetic diversity of the 42 kDa fragment of the merozoite surface protein 1 in Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE malaria; merozoite; MSP-1; MSP-1 19 kDa; genetic diversity; vaccine; Plasmodium ID MALARIA VACCINE ANTIGEN; C-TERMINAL REGION; NATURAL-SELECTION; RETICULOCYTE-BINDING; ERYTHROCYTE INVASION; SEQUENCE VARIATION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; CELL EPITOPES; T-CELL; MSP-1 AB We investigated the genetic diversity of the 42 kDa fragment of the merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) antigen in Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, as well as in non-human primate malarial parasites. This fragment undergoes a proteolytic cleavage generating two fragments of 19 kDa (MSP-1(19)) and 33 kDa (MSP-1(33)) that are critical in erythrocyte invasion. We found that overall the MSP-1(33) fragment exhibits greater genetic diversity than the MSP-1(19) regardless of the species. We have found evidence for positive natural selection only in the human malaria parasites by comparing the rate of non-synonymous versus synonymous substitutions. In addition, we found clear differences between the two major human malaria parasites. In the case of P. falciparum, positive natural selection is acting on the MSP-1(19) region while the MSP-1(33) is neutral or under purifying selection. The opposite pattern was observed in P. vivax. Our results suggest different roles of this antigen in the host-parasite immune interaction in each of the major human malarial parasites. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Chamblee, GA USA. Osaka Univ, Res Inst Microbial Dis, Int Res Ctr Infect Dis, Osaka, Japan. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Escalante, AA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM ananias.escalante@asu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM060740, R01 GM60740] NR 51 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 180 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2006.08.002 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 138GP UT WOS:000244351400006 PM 17010678 ER PT J AU Gatei, W Das, P Dutta, P Sen, A Cama, V Lal, AA Xiao, LH AF Gatei, Wangeci Das, Pradeep Dutta, Phalguni Sen, Abhik Cama, Vitaliano Lal, Altaf A. Xiao, Lihua TI Multilocus sequence typing and genetic structure of Cryptosporidium hominis from children in Kolkata, India SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; population genetics; population structure; linkage disequilibrium; gene diversity; multilocus sequence typing ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION-GENETICS; PARVUM; RECOMBINATION; PARASITES; NEUTRALITY; SELECTION; DIARRHEA; MALAWI AB specimens collected between 2001 and 2004 from pediatric patients in Kolkata, India were analyzed for parasite genetic structure using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Genotype analyses showed the presence of Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium meleagridis and Cryptosporidium felis in 49, 2 and I patients, respectively (two patients had mixed infections of C. hominis and C. meleagridis). To assess the extent of genetic heterogeneity of C. hominis, minisatellites, microsatellites and polymorphic markers in three different chromosomes were sequenced, including genes encoding the 60 kDa glycoprotein (GP60), a 47 kDa protein (CP47), a mucin-like protein (Mucinl), a serine repeat antigen (MSC6-7), and a 56 kDa trans-membrane protein (CP56) in chromosome 6, the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) in chromosome 2, and a T-rich gene fragment (Chrom3T) in chromosome 3. Population sub-structure of C. hominis based on multilocus gene sequences showed that there were 25 multilocus subtypes defined by combined sequence length and nucleotide polymorphism, which formed four distinct groups in this population. Significant intra- and inter-genic linkage disequilibria were observed with minimum recombination or expansion of limited subtypes, all indicative of a mostly clonal population structure. The results highlight the importance of high resolution MLST in studying Cyptosporidium population sub-structure especially when length polymorphism may be inadequate in identifying unique subtypes. The significance of the diverse MLST within C. hominis in relation to geographical and temporal factors and clinical manifestations of disease warrants further investigations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Kolkata, W Bengal, India. US Embassy, New Delhi, India. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Sen, Abhik/0000-0003-4048-0566 NR 34 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2006.08.006 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 138GP UT WOS:000244351400008 PM 17010677 ER PT J AU Simard, F Licht, M Besansky, NJ Lehmann, T AF Simard, Frederic Licht, Monica Besansky, Nora J. Lehmann, Tovi TI Polymorphism at the defensin gene in the Anopheles gambiae complex: Testing different selection hypotheses SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae; Africa; malaria; vector; arthropod; immunity; defensin; evolution; polymorphism; selection ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MALARIA VECTOR; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MOSQUITO; PARASITE; POPULATION; ARABIENSIS; SEQUENCE; AFRICA AB Genetic variation in defensin, a gene encoding a major effector molecule of insects immune response was analyzed within and between populations of three members of the Anopheles gambiae complex. The species selected included the two anthropophilic species, An. gambiae and An. arabiensis and the most zoophilic species of the complex, An. quadriannulatus. The first species was represented by four populations spanning its extreme genetic and geographical ranges, whereas each of the other two species was represented by a single population. We found (i) reduced overall polymorphism in the mature peptide region and in the total coding region, together with specific reductions in rare and moderately frequent mutations (sites) in the coding region compared with non-coding regions, (ii) markedly reduced rate of non-synonymous diversity compared with synonymous variation in the mature peptide and virtually identical mature peptide across the three species, and (iii) increased divergence between species in the mature peptide together with reduced differentiation between populations of An. gambiae in the same DNA region. These patterns suggest a strong purifying selection on the mature peptide and probably the whole coding region. Because An. quadriannulatus is not exposed to human pathogens, identical mature peptide and similar pattern of polymorphism across species implies that human pathogens played no role as selective agents on this peptide. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 OCEAC, Yaounde, Cameroon. IRD, Yaounde, Cameroon. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Simard, F (reprint author), OCEAC, POB 288, Yaounde, Cameroon. EM simard@ird.fr RI SIMARD, Frederic/J-9489-2016 OI SIMARD, Frederic/0000-0002-2871-5329 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 AI999999] NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.megid.2006.11.004 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 138GP UT WOS:000244351400020 PM 17161659 ER PT J AU Morata, TC AF Morata, Thais C. TI Young people: Their noise and music exposures and the risk of hearing loss SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADULTS C1 NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Morata, TC (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM tmorata@cdc.gov RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 6 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1499-2027 J9 INT J AUDIOL JI Int. J. Audiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 3 BP 111 EP 112 DI 10.1080/14992020601103079 PG 2 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 159KL UT WOS:000245864500001 PM 17365063 ER PT J AU Simmerman, JM Chittaganpitch, M Erdman, D Sawatwong, P Uyeki, TM Dowell, SF AF Simmerman, James Mark Chittaganpitch, Malinee Erdman, Dean Sawatwong, Pongpun Uyeki, Timothy M. Dowell, Scott F. TI Field performance and new uses of rapid influenza testing in Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE influenza; rapid tests; performance ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; A VIRUS; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; B VIRUSES; CHILDREN; INFECTIONS; BURDEN; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMICS; CULTURE AB Objectives: Rapid influenza tests are increasingly used in surveillance systems and for clinical care in Southeast Asia. However, the performance and utility of rapid influenza tests under field conditions in rural Southeast Asia has not been evaluated. Methods: In the context of a larger study on the causes of respiratory illness in rural Thailand, we used a rapid test to collect data on influenza burden, seasonality, and cost of illness. We compared the performance of the QuickVue((R)) Influenza Test to tissue cell. viral culture and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) among 1092 Thai patients meeting the World Health Organization case definition for influenza-like illness over a 12-month period. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the QuickVue test compared to viral culture were 77% and 96%, respectively. Rapid influenza tests were useful to describe the seasonality of influenza, estimate the cost of illness, increase the sensitivity of surveillance, conduct outbreak responses, and guide evaluation of suspected avian influenza virus infections. Conclusions: Despite their high cost, rapid influenza diagnostic tests are useful toots for influenza research, surveillance, and outbreak investigations in Southeast Asia. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. C1 WHO, Hanoi, Vietnam. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. US CDC Thailand MOPH Collaborat, Int Emerging Infect Program, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Simmerman, JM (reprint author), WHO, 63 Tran Hung Doo St, Hanoi, Vietnam. EM SimmermanM@vtn.wpro.who.int NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 11 IS 2 BP 166 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2006.01.005 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 146RT UT WOS:000244953100015 PM 16798041 ER PT J AU Walton, W AF Walton, Wanda TI New activities and resources for engaging all heath care providers in TB elimination SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Comm Educ & Behav Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Walton, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Comm Educ & Behav Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wxw2@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 11 IS 3 BP 246 EP 246 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 146EY UT WOS:000244918500004 PM 17352086 ER PT J AU Quayle, AJ Kourtis, AP Cu-Uvin, S Politch, JA Yang, HX Bowman, FP Shah, M Anderson, DJ Crowley-Nowick, P Duerr, A AF Quayle, Alison J. Kourtis, Athena P. Cu-Uvin, Susan Politch, Joseph A. Yang, Huixia Bowman, Frederick P. Shah, Meha Anderson, Deborah J. Crowley-Nowick, Peggy Duerr, Ann TI T-lymphocyte profile and total and virus-specific immunoglobulin concentrations in the cervix of HIV-1-infected women SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE antibody; endocervix; HIV; mucosal immunity; repertoire; T-cell receptor; T-cell subsets ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTION; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; CELLULAR-IMMUNITY; GENITAL-TRACT; RESPONSES; MACROPHAGES; ACTIVATION; DEPLETION; ANTIBODY AB Background: The mucosal lymphocyte population is the largest in the body, and the gastrointestinal compartment has been well characterized in HIV infection. Much less is known about the effects of HIV on the genital tract. Objective: To examine the T-lymphocyte phenotype and receptor repertoire as well as total and virus-specific immunoglobulin concentrations in the endocervix of HIV-infected women at different stages of infection as compared with uninfected women. Patients and Methods: Participants were 12 scronegative women, 10 HIV-infected "slow progressors" not taking antiretroviral therapy, and 9 HIV-infected women whose antiretroviral therapy was failing. We used multiparameter flow cytometry to enumerate T-cell populations on cytobrush-obtained cervical specimens, the immunoscope technique to determine the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and quantitative enzyme-linked inummosorbent assays for antibody determinations on cervical secretions absorbed onto ophthalmic sponges. Nonparametric statistical analyses were performed. Results: We found marked depletion of leukocytes and CD4(+) T lymphocytes in the endocervix of HIV-infected women as compared with uninfected women; this was significant at more advanced disease stages. Naive T cells were rare in the endocervix of all groups. Activation marker expression was higher in endocervical T lymphocytes than in peripheral blood among control and slow-progressing HIV-infected women but not in women failing therapy. Endocervical T lymphocytes showed highly restricted utilization of V-beta TCR families. Unlike other mucosal sites, the cervix contained IgG as the predominant immunoglobulin isotype. HIV-1gG was detected in the cervix of most HIV-infected women and in blood of all infected women. Conclusions: HIV infection induces substantial changes in the immune profile of the female genital tract. Further study of the implications of these findings for HIV acquisition and transmission is needed. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Immunol Microbiol & Parasitol, New Orleans, LA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Brown Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Providence, RI USA. Brown Med Sch, Dept Med, Providence, RI USA. RP Duerr, A (reprint author), HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Sci Support, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98019 USA. EM aduerr@hvtn.org NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31802c5b3a PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 141WT UT WOS:000244610400007 PM 17146371 ER PT J AU McDowell, MA Brody, DJ Hughes, JP AF McDowell, Margaret A. Brody, Debra J. Hughes, Jeffery P. TI Has age at menarche changed? Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE females; menarche; NHANES; race; ethnicity ID BODY-SIZE; US GIRLS; REPRESENTATIVE SURVEYS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEXUAL-MATURATION; AVERAGE AGE; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDREN; GROWTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, US Dept HHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP McDowell, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, US Dept HHS, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4335, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM mxm7@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.10.002 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 142AM UT WOS:000244620700006 PM 17321422 ER PT J AU Gavin, L St Louis, M Galavotti, C AF Gavin, Lorrie St Louis, Michael Galavotti, Christine TI Converging evidence suggests nonsexual HIV transmission among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa - The authors reply SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID RURAL NORTHERN TANZANIA; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; ZIMBABWE; INFECTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gavin, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 291 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.12.012 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 142AM UT WOS:000244620700018 ER PT J AU Sharpe, PA Blanck, HM Williams, JE Ainsworth, BE Conway, JM AF Sharpe, Patricia A. Blanck, Heidi M. Williams, Joel E. Ainsworth, Barbara E. Conway, Joan M. TI Use of complementary weight control and alternative medicine for in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; SURVEY/; HEALTH AB Objectives: The purpose was to assess the prevalence and correlates of complementary and alternative medicine use for weight control. Design: A list-assisted random-digit-dialed telephone survey of adults was conducted in the fall of 2002 (n = 11,211). The focus of the study was complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use, other than dietary supplements, in the previous 12 months. Settings/location: The sample of respondents was drawn from the total noninstitutionalized U.S. adult population residing in telephone-equipped locations. Subjects: The sampling procedures were designed to obtain adequate representation of Hispanic and non-Hispanic black respondents. Data from the total sample of 11,211 were weighted to achieve an estimate of the U.S. population. Analyses focused on 372 people who had used CAM within the previous 12 months. Results: Of the total, 3.3% (n = 372) had used a CAM therapy in the previous 12 months. Higher adjusted odds ratios for CAM use were found among respondents who were exercising for weight control; using a lower carbohydrate, higher protein diet; using a nonprescription weight-loss product(s); overweight; physically active; and not satisfied with one's body (adjusted for age, race, gender, education, and city size). The most often used therapies were yoga (57.4%), meditation (8.2%), acupuncture (7.7%), massage (7.5%), and Eastern martial arts (5.9%). CAM users used CAM therapies on their own (62.6%), in a group setting (26.8%) or with a CAM practitioner (10.6%). Conclusions: The use of CAM therapies other than dietary supplements for weight loss was relatively low. The most popular therapy was yoga, and the majority of CAM users used CAM therapies on their own. Persons who had used other weight loss methods had greater odds for using CAM in the previous 12 months, suggesting that CAM use is often added to other weight-loss strategies. C1 Univ S Carolina, Prevent Res Ctr, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ S Carolina, Prevent Res Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Sharpe, PA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Prevent Res Ctr, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, 730 Devine St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM pasharpe@sc.edu FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU409664] NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1089/acm.2006.6129 PG 6 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 151LS UT WOS:000245292400009 PM 17388764 ER PT J AU Medeiros, EA Lott, TJ Colombo, AL Godoy, P Coutinho, AP Braga, MS Nucci, M Brandt, ME AF Servolo Medeiros, Eduardo Alexandrino Lott, Timothy J. Colombo, Arnaldo Lopes Godoy, Patricio Coutinho, Ana Paula Braga, Monica Santos Nucci, Marcio Brandt, Mary E. TI Evidence for a pseudo-outbreak of Candida guilliermondii fungemia in a university hospital in Brazil SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; BLOOD CULTURE; ALBICANS; SURVEILLANCE; PROBES AB Fungal infections due to Candida species represent an important cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections. We report a large pseudo-outbreak of Candida guifflermondii fungernia that occurred in a university hospital in Brazil. C. guilliermondii was identified in 64 (43%) of the 149 blood samples drawn between June 2003 and July 2004. The samples were from patients in different wards of the hospital but concentrated in pediatric units. None of the patients had clinical signs of fungernia, and observational analysis revealed errors in the collection of blood samples. During the investigation of the pseudo-outbreak, C. guilliermondii was isolated from environmental surfaces and from the skin and nails of members of the nursing team. Through a subtyping analysis it was found that some of the nonpatient isolates were highly related to the patient isolates, and all the patient isolates were highly related. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the pseudo-outbreak was from a limited number of common sources. The adoption of intervention measures was effective in resolving the outbreak, supporting the hypothesis that the outbreak was due to poor techniques of drawing blood samples for culture. C1 Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Hop Infect Program, Div Infect Dis, BR-04024002 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Div Infect Dis, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Hosp Univ Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Medeiros, EA (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Hop Infect Program, Div Infect Dis, Rua Napoleao De Barros,690, BR-04024002 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM edubala@netpoint.com.br RI Nucci, Marcio/G-4515-2012 OI Nucci, Marcio/0000-0003-4867-0014 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 942 EP 947 DI 10.1128/JCM.01878-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 148JU UT WOS:000245071500037 PM 17229862 ER PT J AU Gotway, CA Young, LJ AF Gotway, Carol A. Young, Linda J. TI A geostatistical approach to linking geographically aggregated data from different sources SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE change-of-support; disaggregation; ecological inference; generalized estimating equations; modifiable areal unit problem ID INTERPOLATION; MODEL AB The widespread availability of digital spatial data and the capabilities of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) make it possible to easily synthesize spatial data from a variety of sources. More often than not, data have been collected at different geographic scales, and each of the scales may be different from the one of interest. Geographic information systems effortlessly handle these types of problems through raster and geoprocessing operations based on proportional allocation and centroid smoothing techniques. However, these techniques do not provide a measure of uncertainty in the estimates and lack the ability to incorporate important covariate information that may be used to improve the estimates. They also often ignore the different spatial supports (e.g., shape and orientation) of the data. On the other hand, statistical solutions to change-of-support problems are rather specific and difficult to implement. In this article, we present a general geostatistical framework for linking geographic data from different sources. This framework incorporates aggregation and disaggregation of spatial data, as well as prediction problems involving overlapping geographic units. It explicitly incorporates the supports of the data, can adjust for covariate values measured on different spatial units at different scales, provides a measure of uncertainty for the resulting predictions, and is computationally feasible within a GIS. The new framework we develop also includes a new approach for simultaneous estimation of mean and covariance functions from aggregated data using generalized estimating equations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Gotway, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdg7@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 1061-8600 J9 J COMPUT GRAPH STAT JI J. Comput. Graph. Stat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 115 EP 135 DI 10.1198/106186007X179257 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 145QA UT WOS:000244878400006 ER PT J AU Gelting, RJ AF Gelting, Richard J. TI A public health perspective on onsite wastewater systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gelting, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rug7@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 7 BP 62 EP 63 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 141CE UT WOS:000244553300009 PM 17390904 ER PT J AU Arrowood, MJ Xie, LT AF Arrowood, M. J. Xie, L. T. TI Cryptosporidium parvum: potential axenic development versus long-term survival of oocysts. SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Zoonot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 35S EP 35S PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 151TB UT WOS:000245312600100 ER PT J AU Feng, Y Ortega, Y He, G Das, P Zhang, X Fayer, R Gatei, W Cama, V Xiao, L AF Feng, Y. Ortega, Y. He, G. Das, P. Zhang, X. Fayer, R. Gatei, W. Cama, V. Xiao, L. TI Wide occurrence of Cryptosporidium bovis and the deer-like genotype in bovines. SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Rajendra Mem Res Inst Med Sci, Patna, Bihar, India. Jilin Univ, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 39S EP 39S PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 151TB UT WOS:000245312600116 ER PT J AU Huang, L Welsh, D Miller, RF Beard, CB Lawrence, GG Fox, M Swartzman, A Bensley, M Carbonnet, D Davis, JL Chi, A Jones, JL AF Huang, L. Welsh, D. Miller, R. F. Beard, C. B. Lawrence, G. G. Fox, M. Swartzman, A. Bensley, M. Carbonnet, D. Davis, J. L. Chi, A. Jones, J. L. TI Pneumocystis dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) mutations and HIV-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP). SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. UCL, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 43S EP 43S PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 151TB UT WOS:000245312600130 ER PT J AU Lobo, ML Xiao, L Cama, V Antunes, F Matos, O AF Lobo, M. L. Xiao, L. Cama, V. Antunes, F. Matos, O. TI Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in mammals in Portugal. SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UPMM, Inst Higiene Med Trop, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas, HIV Outras Protozooses, Lisbon, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Lisbon, Fac Med, Clin Univ Doencas Infecciosas, Lisbon, Portugal. RI Lobo, Maria/I-3527-2012; MATOS, OLGA/J-8859-2012; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; santos, sofia/I-1637-2012 OI Lobo, Maria/0000-0001-5811-7568; Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 47S EP 47S PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 151TB UT WOS:000245312600144 ER PT J AU Rabodonirina, M Visvesvara, GS Genot, A Blay, JY Xiao, LX Cama, VA Fassier, T AF Rabodonirina, M. Visvesvara, G. S. Genot, A. Blay, J. Y. Xiao, L. X. Cama, V. A. Fassier, T. TI Knee arthritis associated with microsporidian-like spores in a patient with profound aplasia. SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hop Croix Rousse, Parasitol Unit, Hospices Civil Lyon, F-69317 Lyon, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Lyon 1, Hop Edouard Herriot, Med Oncol Unit, Hospices Civils Lyon, F-69365 Lyon, France. Hop Croix Rousse, Med Intensive Care Unit, Hospices Civils Lyon, F-69317 Lyon, France. RI Blay, Jean-Yves/N-3966-2016 OI Blay, Jean-Yves/0000-0001-7190-120X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 52S EP 52S PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 151TB UT WOS:000245312600163 ER PT J AU Green, LR Radke, V Mason, R Bushnell, L Reimann, DW Mack, JC Motsinger, MD Stigger, T Selman, CA AF Green, Laura R. Radke, Vincent Mason, Ryan Bushnell, Lisa Reimann, David W. Mack, James C. Motsinger, Michelle D. Stigger, Tammi Selman, Carol A. TI Factors related to food worker hand hygiene practices SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; RESTAURANTS; EDUCATION AB To identify factors related to food worker hand hygiene practices, we collected (i) observational data on food worker (n=321) hand hygiene practices (hand washing and glove use) and (ii) observational and interview data on factors related to hygiene behavior, such as worker activity, restaurant characteristics, worker food safety training, and the physical and social environment. Results indicated that hand washing and glove use were more likely to occur in conjunction with food preparation than with other activities (e.g., handling dirty equipment) and when workers were not busy. Hand washing was more likely to occur in restaurants whose food workers received food safety training, with more than one hand sink, and with a hand sink in the observed worker's sight. Glove use was more likely to occur in chain restaurants and in restaurants with glove supplies in food preparation areas. Hand washing and glove use were also related to each other-hand washing was less likely to occur with activities in which gloves were worn. These findings indicate that a number of factors are related to hand hygiene. practices and support suggestions that food worker hand hygiene improvement requires more than food safety education. Instead, improvement programs must be multidimensional and address factors such as those examined in this study. C1 RTI Int, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Food Protect Program, Div Environm Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. Oregon State Publ Hlth, Off Environm Publ Hlth, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Consumer Protect Div, Denver, CO 80246 USA. RARE Hosp Int Inc, Atlanta, GA 30350 USA. RP Green, LR (reprint author), RTI Int, 2951 Flowers Rd,Suite 119, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lrg0@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 15 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 661 EP 666 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 143QC UT WOS:000244736600018 PM 17388056 ER PT J AU David, D Hughes, GJ Yakobson, BA Davidson, I Un, H Aylan, O Kuzmin, IV Rupprecht, CE AF David, Dan Hughes, Gareth J. Yakobson, Boris A. Davidson, Irit Un, Hikmat Aylan, Orhan Kuzmin, Ivan V. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Identification of novel canine rabies virus clades in the Middle East and North Africa SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOPROTEIN GENE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; BAT LYSSAVIRUSES; SRI-LANKA; EVOLUTION; ISRAEL; SUBSTITUTION AB Four novel phylogenetic clades of canine rabies virus (RABV) variants have been identified in the Middle East and North Africa. The three novel Middle Eastern clades comprise RABV isolates from the borders between Israel and neighbouring countries. The North African clade (Africa 4) comprises four RABV isolates from Egypt and one from Israel. We characterized various RABV lineages antigenically by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to the nucleoprotein (N) and phylogenetically by analysis of entire N gene sequences. The estimated mean substitution rate for the N gene alignment (2.7 x 10(-4) substitutions per site per year) is comparable with previous estimates for RABV. The application of a molecular clock indicates the emergence of current canine RABV diversity to have occurred at about the same time (approx. 1870) in the Middle East and Europe, following divergence from established lineages in Africa and Asia. C1 Kimron Vet Inst, Rabies Lab, Div Pathol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Univ Edinburgh, Lab Clin & Mol Virol, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, Midlothian, Scotland. Kimron Vet Inst, Div Avian Dis, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Etlik Cent Vet Control & Res Inst, Ankara, Turkey. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Univ, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP David, D (reprint author), Kimron Vet Inst, Rabies Lab, Div Pathol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM davidd@int.gov.il NR 54 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 88 BP 967 EP 980 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82352-0 PN 3 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 147ZY UT WOS:000245045500028 PM 17325371 ER PT J AU Fu, LM Shinnick, TM AF Fu, Li M. Shinnick, Thomas M. TI Genome-wide exploration of the drug action of capreomycin on Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Affymetrix oligonucleotide GeneChips SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; capreomycin; drug resistance; latent infection; microarray; gene expression ID GENE-EXPRESSION; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; RESISTANCE; VIOMYCIN; MACROPHAGES; KANAMYCIN; PATTERNS; INSIGHTS; PERSISTENCE; METABOLISM AB Objective: Multi-drug resistance and latent infection are two major issues in current tuberculosis (TB) control and management. Capreomycin is an important drug used for TB with multi-drug resistance. A recent study also indicates that this drug possesses unique bactericidal activity against non-replicating TB bacilli among known anti-TB drugs. Thus, there is an urgent need for investigating the full-spectrum action of capreomycin. Methods: Here we conduct the first microarray-based study on capreomycin using the high-resolution Affymetrix oligonucleotide GeneChip system. Results: The results indicate that capreomycin primarily acts on the information pathways but it also significantly affects cell wait, cell processes, intermediate metabolism and respiration in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusions: This study not only transcriptionally validates the specific molecular target, 16S rRNA, but also discovers potential new targets of capreomycin, including genes operating at the DNA Level, such as Rv0054 (ssb) and Rv3715c (recR), as well as genes involved in cell division like Rv3260c (whiB2). In addition, the nuo gene cluster and the ATP synthase gene cluster are repressed. (C) 2006 The British Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific TB & Canc Res Org, Irvine, CA 92606 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fu, LM (reprint author), Pacific TB & Canc Res Org, 8 Corp Pk,Suite 300, Irvine, CA 92606 USA. EM lifu@patcar.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-080311] NR 37 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0163-4453 J9 J INFECTION JI J. Infect. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.05.012 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 146TZ UT WOS:000244958900012 PM 16822547 ER PT J AU Hayden, CS Earnest, GS Jensen, PA AF Hayden, Charles S., II Earnest, G. Scott Jensen, Paul A. TI Development of an empirical model to aid in designing airborne infection isolation rooms SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE airborne; infection control; isolation; pressure difference; ventilation ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK AB Airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIRs) house patients with tuberculosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and many other airborne infectious diseases. Currently, facility engineers and designers of heating, ventilation, and airconditioning (HVAC) systems have few analytical tools to estimate a room's leakage area and establish an appropriate flow differential (Delta Q) in hospitals, shelters, and other facilities where communicable diseases are present. An accurate estimate of leakage area and selection of Delta Q is essential for ensuring that there is negative pressure (i.e., pressure differential [Delta P]) between an AIIR and adjoining areas. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers evaluated the relationship between Delta Q and Delta P in 67 AIIRs across the United States and in simulated AIIR. Data gathered in the simulated AIIR was used to develop an empirical model describing the relationship between Delta Q, Delta P, and leakage area. Data collected in health care facilities showed that the model accurately predicted the leakage area 44 of 48 times. Statistical analysis of the model and experimental validation showed that the model effectively estimated the actual leakage area from -39% to +22% with 90% confidence. The NIOSH model is an effective, cost-cutting tool that can be used by HVAC engineers and designers to estimate leakage area and select an appropriate Delta Q in AIIRs to reduce the airborne transmission of disease. C1 NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hayden, CS (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,C27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM chayden@cdc.gov RI Davis, Mark/J-5101-2015 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 198 EP 207 DI 10.1080/15459620601177370 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 127LP UT WOS:000243587900006 PM 17237025 ER PT J AU Ashley, K Applegate, GT Wise, TJ Fernback, JE Goldcamp, MJ AF Ashley, Kevin Applegate, Gregory T. Wise, Tamara J. Fernback, Joseph E. Goldcamp, Michael J. TI Evaluation of a standardized micro-vacuum sampling method for collection of surface dust SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE dust; gravimetric analysis; reference materials; substrates; surfaces; vacuum sampling ID HOUSEHOLD DUST; LEAD; CONTAMINATION; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; SKIN AB A standardized procedure for collecting dust samples from surfaces using a micro-vacuum sampling technique was evaluated. Experiments were carried out to investigate the collection efficiency of the vacuum sampling method described in ASTM Standard D7144, "Standard Practice for Collection of Surface Dust by Micro-Vacuum Sampling for Subsequent Metals Determination." Weighed masses (approximate to 5, approximate to 10 and approximate to 25 mg) of three NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) were spiked onto surfaces of various substrates. The SRMs used were: (1) Powdered Lead- Based Paint; (2) Urban Particulate Matter; and (3) Trace Elements in Indoor Dust. Twelve different substrate materials were chosen to be representative of surfaces commonly encountered in occupational and/or indoor settings: (1) wood, (2) tile, (3) linoleum, (4) vinyl, (5) industrial carpet, (6) plush carpet, (7,8) concrete block (painted and unpainted), (9) car seat material, (10) denim, (11) steel, and (12) glass. Samples of SRMs originally spiked onto these surfaces were collected using the standardized micro-vacuum sampling procedure. Gravimetric analysis of material collected within preweighed Accucapinserts (housed within the samplers) was used to measure SRM recoveries. Recoveries ranged from 21.6% (+/- 10.4%, 95% confidence limit [CL]) for SRM 1579 from industrial carpet to 59.2% (+/- 11.0%, 95% CL) for SRM 1579 from glass. For most SRM/substrate combinations, recoveries ranged from approximate to 25% to approximate to 50%; variabilities differed appreciably. In general, SRM recoveries were higher from smooth and hard surfaces and lower from rough and porous surfaces. Material captured within collection nozzles attached to the sampler inlets was also weighed. A significant fraction of SRM originally spiked onto substrate surfaces was captured within collection nozzles. Percentages of SRMs captured within collection nozzles ranged from approximate to 13% (+/- 4 - +/- 5%, 95% CLs) for SRMs 1579 and 2583 from industrial carpet to approximate to 45% (+/- 7 - +/- 26%, 95% CLs) for SRM 1648 from glass, tile and steel. For some substrates, loose material from the substrate itself (i.e., substrate particles and fibers) was sometimes collected along with the SRM, both within Accucaps as well as collection nozzles. Co-collection of substrate material can bias results and contribute to sampling variability. The results of this work have provided performance data on the standardized micro- vacuum sampling procedure. C1 NIOSH, CDC, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Wilmington Coll, Dept Chem, Wilmington, OH USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop R-7, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM KAshley@cdc.gov RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1080/15459620601177461 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 127LP UT WOS:000243587900008 PM 17237027 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Dupree, N AF Gillum, R. F. Dupree, Natalie TI Religiousness, health, and health behavior in public-use data of the national center for health statistics SO JOURNAL OF RELIGION & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE religion; gender; ethnicity; chronic disease; mental health; human behavior ID CONTRACEPTIVE FAILURE RATES; UNITED-STATES; MENTAL-HEALTH; MORTALITY; SPIRITUALITY; ATTENDANCE; PATTERNS; WOMEN; INVOLVEMENT; SERVICES AB Studies of religiousness and health-related variables in large, population-based cross-sectional or, preferably, longitudinal studies, which are often prohibitively expensive, are important to complement findings from the more commonly performed studies. Inadequately known among social science researchers, the national health surveys of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) offer large, high-quality data sets to the public at no or nominal cost and hence offer important opportunities for research in the area of religion and health, religion and reproductive behavior, sociology of religion and psychology of religion. This report provides an overview of the data sets and a bibliography of prior research using these data, which is intended to suggest how the data of NCHS may be further exploited by researchers of religiousness and health. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,6th Floor, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4197 J9 J RELIG HEALTH JI J. Relig. Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s10943-006-9083-0 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Religion SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Religion GA 140QU UT WOS:000244521600012 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Serdula, MK Gillespie, C Galuska, DA Sharpe, PA Conway, JM Kettel, L Ainsworth, BE AF Blanck, Heidi Michels Serdula, Mary K. Gillespie, Cathleen Galuska, Deborah A. Sharpe, Patricia A. Conway, Joan M. Kettel, Laura Ainsworth, Barbara E. TI Use of nonprescription dietary supplements for weight loss is common among Americans SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SYNEPHRINE ALKALOIDS; CITRUS-AURANTIUM; EPHEDRA; REDUCTION; PRODUCTS; CONTAIN AB Objective Dietary supplements are not, recommended as part of a weight-loss program due to concerns about efficacy and safety. This study sought to assess prevalence and duration of nonprescription weight-loss supplement use, associated weight-control behaviors, discussion of use with a health care professional, and specific ingredient use. Participants and design Adults aged >= 18 years (n=9,403) completed a cross-sectional population-based telephone survey of health behaviors from September 2002 through December 2002. Statistical analyses performed Both chi(2) and t tests were conducted for categorical and mean comparisons and Multiple variable logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors. Results An estimated 15.2% of adults (women 20.6%, men 9.7%) had ever used a weight-loss supplement and 8.7% had past year use (women 11.3%, men 6.0%); highest use was among women aged 18 to 34 years (16.7%). In regression models, use was equally prevalent among race/ethnic groups and education levels. One in 10 (10.2%) of users reported >= 12 month use, with less frequent long-term use in women (7.7%) than men (15.0%), P=0.01. Almost one third (30.2%) of users discussed use during the past year; 73.8% used a supplement containing a stimulant including ephedra, caffeine, and/or bitter orange. Conclusions Use of supplements for losing weight seems to be common among many segments of the US adult population. Many adults are long-term users and most do not discuss this practice with their physician. Most of the weight-loss supplements taken contain stimulants. Qualified professionals should inquire about use of supplements for weight loss to facilitate discussion about the lack of efficacy data, possible adverse effects, as well as to dispel misinformation that may interfere with sound weight-management practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Exercise & Wellness, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nblanck@cdc.gov OI Gillespie, Cathleen/0000-0003-1878-1055 FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU409664] NR 33 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 107 IS 3 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.12.009 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 141BK UT WOS:000244551100019 PM 17324663 ER PT J AU Manini, TM Visser, M Won-Park, S Patel, KV Strotmeyer, ES Chen, HP Goodpaster, B De Rekeneire, N Newman, AB Simonsick, EM Kritchevsky, SB Ryder, K Schwartz, AV Harris, TB AF Manini, Todd M. Visser, Marjolein Won-Park, Seok Patel, Kushang V. Strotmeyer, Elsa S. Chen, Hepei Goodpaster, Bret De Rekeneire, Nathalie Newman, Anne B. Simonsick, Eleanor M. Kritchevsky, Stephen B. Ryder, Kathy Schwartz, Ann V. Harris, Tamara B. CA Hlth Aging Body Composition Study TI Knee extension strength cutpoints for maintaining mobility SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE strength thresholds; disability; elderly; gait speed; physical reserve ID LOWER-EXTREMITY PERFORMANCE; MUSCLE MASS; BODY-COMPOSITION; GAIT SPEED; PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES; OLDER-ADULTS; ASSOCIATION; DISABILITY; HEALTH; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVES: To identify levels of knee extensor strength that are associated with high and low risk of incident severe mobility limitation (SML) in initially well-functioning older adults. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: University clinic center. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand three hundred fifty-five men and 1,429 women (aged 73.6 +/- 2.85) who reported no mobility limitation. MEASUREMENTS: Unilateral knee extensor isokinetic strength of participants was obtained. Participants were followed over a median of 5.90 years for the onset of SML, defined as two consecutive reports of a lot of difficulty or inability to walk one-quarter of a mile or climb 10 steps. Deciles of knee extension strength relative to body weight were evaluated to identify cutpoints most predictive of incident SML. Cutpoints were then compared with prevalence of having slow gait speed (< 1.22 m/s) and mortality. RESULTS: Two sex-specific knee extension strength cutpoints were found. High and low risk of SML corresponded to less than 1.13 newton-meters (Nm)/kg (1st decile) and more than 1.71 Nm/kg (6th decile) in men and less than 1.01 Nm/kg (3rd decile) and more than 1.34 Nm/kg (7th decile) in women, respectively. Moderate risk was defined as being between the low- and high-risk cutpoints. Individuals with knee extension strength in the high- and moderate-risk categories were more likely to have a gait speed less than 1.22 m/s (hazard ratio (HR)=7.00, 95% confidence interval (CI)=5.47-8.96 and HR=2.14 7.00, 95% CI=1.73-2.64, respectively) and had a higher risk of death (HR=1.77, 95% CI=1.41-2.23 and HR=1.51, 95% CI=1.24-1.84, respectively) than individuals in the low-risk category. Adjustment for demographic factors, health behaviors, and medical conditions did not alter these associations. CONCLUSION: Knee extensor strength cutpoints provide objective markers to identify initially well-functioning older adults at high and low risk of future mobility limitation. C1 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Inst Aging, Dept Aging & Geriatr Res, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Inst Hlth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, EMGO Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Pochon CHA Univ, Dept Med, Seoul, South Korea. NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. NIA, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Sticht Ctr Aging, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Manini, TM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Aging & Geriatr Res, POB 112610, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tmanini@aging.ufl.edu RI Newman, Anne/C-6408-2013; Strotmeyer, Elsa/F-3015-2014; OI Newman, Anne/0000-0002-0106-1150; Strotmeyer, Elsa/0000-0002-4093-6036; Kritchevsky, Stephen/0000-0003-3336-6781 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIA NIH HHS [N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6-2106] NR 29 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 451 EP 457 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01087.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 140QA UT WOS:000244519400020 PM 17341251 ER PT J AU Richards, CL AF Richards, Chesley L., Jr. TI Infection control in long-term care facilities SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nursing homes; infections; infection control ID NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; ANTIMICROBIAL USE; EPIDEMIC; GASTROENTERITIS AB Infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in LTCF residents. For medical directors, infection prevention and control programs in LTCFs need to be proactive in identifying potential infectious disease threats and implementing appropriate infection control practices. Improving the initial evaluation of infections, the use of antimicrobial agents, and the implementation of hand hygiene and infection control precautions should be key focus areas for medical directors in order to prevent infections and control antibiotic resistance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Geriatr Med & Gerontol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Richards, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mailstop A-07,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cir6@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-8610 J9 J AM MED DIR ASSOC JI J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 SU 1 BP S18 EP S25 DI 10.1016/j.jamda.2006.12.002 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 153CK UT WOS:000245409100005 PM 17336871 ER PT J AU Williams, MR Garcia, J Bennett, KE Molina, B Aspen, SE Savage, HM AF Williams, Martin R. Garcia, Juan Bennett, Kristine E. Molina, Bernarda Aspen, Stephen E. Savage, Harry M. TI First records for Culex (Melanoconion) limacifer Komp and Culex (Melanoconion) Dunni Dyar from Guatemala SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Culex (Melanoconion); Culex limacifer; Culex dunni; Guatemala AB Larvae of Culex (Melanoconion) limacifer Komp and Culex (Melanoconion) dunni Dyar were collected during June 2004 in Guatemala. All specimens were individually reared to the adult stage. Specimens were identified based upon examination of the male genitalia and characters of the associated larval and pupal exuviae. These are the first records of these 2 species in Guatemala. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Valle Guatemala, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Cent Amer & Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Valle Guatemala, CHS, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Savage, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 78 EP 79 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[78:FRFCML]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 159LF UT WOS:000245866500013 PM 17536373 ER PT J AU Foster, SL AF Foster, Stephan L. TI Vaccine schedules: Revisions for 2007 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Tennessee, Coll Pharm, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Advisory Comm Immunizat Practices, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Foster, SL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Coll Pharm, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Advisory Comm Immunizat Practices, 910 Madison,Suite 324, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. EM sfoster@utmem.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1544-3191 J9 J AM PHARM ASSOC JI J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 296 EP 297 DI 10.1331/20W8-83M7-1115-1326 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 266QO UT WOS:000253452300014 PM 17510012 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS McNaghten, AD Begley, E Hutchinson, A Cargill, VA AF Sullivan, Patrick S. McNaghten, A. D. Begley, Elin Hutchinson, Angela Cargill, Victoria A. TI Enrollment of racial/ethnic minorities and women with HIV in clinical research studies of HIV medicines SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE HIV; clinical investigation; African Americans ID AFRICAN-AMERICANS; TUSKEGEE-SYPHILIS; CONSPIRACY BELIEFS; UNITED-STATES; TRIALS; PARTICIPATION; DISPARITIES; HIV/AIDS; COMMUNITY; ATTITUDES AB Purpose: Inclusion of women and racial/ethnic minorities is a requirement for federally supported clinical research, but data on clinical research participation from women and racial/ethnic minorities with HIV are few. To describe participation in clinical research of HIV medicines among women and racial/ethnic minorities, and associated factors, we used data from a cross-sectional behavioral surveillance interview project conducted in 15 U.S. states. Methods: Data were from 6,892 persons living with HIV infection, recruited in facilities in seven U.S. states and using population-based methods in eight other states, between 2000-2004. We calculated self-reported participation in a clinical research study of HIV medicines, factors associated with self-reported study participation among men and women, and reasons for not participating in a study among nonparticipants. Main Findings: Overall, 17% of respondents had ever participated in a clinical research study. For men, the odds of participation were lower for black or Hispanic men (versus white men) and were higher for men whose risk for HIV infection was male-male sex (versus men with male-female sex risk) and for men with AIDS. For men who had not participated in a study, black men were more likely than white men to report not participating in a study because they were unaware of available studies or were not offered enrollment (75% vs. 69%), and because they did not want to be a "guinea pig" (11% vs. 8%). Among women, participation was not associated with race/ethnicity or risk for HIV infection but was associated with living in an area with an NIH- or CDC- supported clinical research network. HIV-intected women were more likely than HIV-infected men with comparable modes of HIV acquisition to have participated in a study. Conclusions: Among persons with HIV interviewed in these 15 states, self-reported participation in clinical research studies was higher among women than men, but racial/ethnic minority men were less likely to report study participation. Our data suggest that clinicians and researchers should make increased efforts to offer study participation to racial and ethnic minority men. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pss0@cdc.gov OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 242 EP 250 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 144YT UT WOS:000244833200007 PM 17393948 ER PT J AU Aledort, LM Evatt, BL Lusher, JM Brownstein, AP AF Aledort, L. M. Evatt, B. L. Lusher, J. M. Brownstein, A. P. TI HIV and hemophilia SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; INACTIVATION; AIDS C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Hematol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Childrens Hosp Michigan, Hemophilia & Hemostasis Program, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. RP Aledort, LM (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM louis.aledort@mssm.edu; ble2@mindspring.com; jlusher@med.wayne.edu NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1538-7933 J9 J THROMB HAEMOST JI J. Thromb. Haemost. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 5 IS 3 BP 607 EP 610 DI 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02371.x PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 137FG UT WOS:000244277800027 PM 17319907 ER PT J AU Tak, S Driscoll, R Bernard, B West, C AF Tak, SangWoo Driscoll, Richard Bernard, Bruce West, Christine TI Depressive symptoms among firefighters and related factors after the response to Hurricane Katrina SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE depressive symptoms; disaster response; firefighters; hurricane; social support ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; DISASTER; WORKERS; ASSOCIATIONS; ATTACKS AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted an evaluation regarding physical and psychological health symptoms among New Orleans firefighters 13 weeks after Hurricane Katrina struck the U.S. Gulf Coast on August 29, 2005. This report examines associations between depressive symptoms and concurrent comorbidity. Depressive symptoms were twice as likely among those with either lower respiratory symptoms or skin rash. Firefighters housed with their families were less likely to report depressive symptoms compared to those not living with their families. Perceived low supervisor support was associated with depressive symptoms, whereas participating in group counseling was not. The results underscore the need for the incorporation of physical and psychological health follow-up of emergency responders after natural disasters to better understand, monitor, and treat their health conditions. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tak, S (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM STak@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 84 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s11524-006-9155-1 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 152FA UT WOS:000245345300003 PM 17216569 ER PT J AU Manning, SE Thorpe, LE Ramaswamy, C Hajat, A Marx, MA Karpati, AM Mostashari, F Pfeiffer, MR Nash, D AF Manning, Susan E. Thorpe, Lorna E. Ramaswamy, Chitra Hajat, Anjum Marx, Melissa A. Karpati, Adam M. Mostashari, Farzad Pfeiffer, Melissa R. Nash, Denis TI Estimation of HIV prevalence, risk factors, and testing frequency among sexually active men who have sex with men, aged 18-64 years - New York City, 2002 SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE condom use; HIV prevalence; HIV testing; human immunodeficiency virus; men who have sex with men ID YOUNG MEN; INFECTION AB Population-based estimates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence and risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) are valuable for HIV prevention planning but not widely available, especially at the local level. We combined two population-based data sources to estimate prevalence of diagnosed HIV infection, HIV-associated risk-behaviors, and HIV testing patterns among sexually active MSM in New York City (NYC). HIV/AIDS surveillance data were used to determine the number of living males reporting a history of sex with men who had been diagnosed in NYC with HIV infection through 2002 (23% of HIV-infected males did not have HIV transmission risk information available). Sexual behavior data from a cross-sectional telephone survey were used to estimate the number of sexually active MSM in NYC in 2002. Prevalence of diagnosed HIV infection was estimated using the ratio of HIV-infected MSM to sexually active MSM. The estimated base prevalence of diagnosed HIV infection was 8.4% overall (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.5-9.6). Diagnosed HIV prevalence was highest among MSM who were non-Hispanic black (12.6%, 95% CI = 9.8-17.6), aged 35-44 (12.6%, 95% CI = 10.4-15.9), or 45-54 years (13.1%, 95% Cl = 10.2-18.3), and residents of Manhattan (17.7%, 95% CI = 14.5-22.8). Overall, 37% (95% CI = 32-43%) of MSM reported using a condom at last sex, and 34% (95% CI = 28-39%) reported being tested for HIV in the past year. Estimates derived through sensitivity analyses (assigning a range of HIV-infected males with no reported risk information as MSM) yielded higher diagnosed HIV prevalence estimates (11.0-13.2%). Accounting for additional undiagnosed HIV-infected MSM yielded even higher prevalence estimates. The high prevalence of diagnosed HIV among sexually active MSM in NYC is likely due to a combination of high incidence over the course of the epidemic and prolonged survival in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Despite high HIV prevalence in this population, condom use and HIV testing are low. Combining complementary population-based data sources can provide critical HIV-related information to guide prevention efforts. Individual counseling and education interventions should focus on increasing condom use and encouraging safer sex practices among all sexually active MSM, particularly those groups with low levels of condom use and multiple sex partners. C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Family & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02108 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Columbia Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Columbia Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs, New York, NY USA. RP Manning, SE (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Family & Community Hlth, 250 Washington St,4th Floor, Boston, MA 02108 USA. EM aci6@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 84 IS 2 BP 212 EP 225 DI 10.1007/s11524-006-9135-5 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 152FA UT WOS:000245345300007 PM 17295058 ER PT J AU Lambert, AJ Kosoy, O Velez, JO Russell, BJ Lanciotti, RS AF Lambert, Amy J. Kosoy, Olga Velez, Jason O. Russell, Brandy J. Lanciotti, Robert S. TI Detection of Colorado Tick Fever viral RNA in acute human serum samples by a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE CTF virus RT-PCR; real-time assay ID ACID AMPLIFICATION ASSAYS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE-PCR; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; RAPID DETECTION; WEST-NILE AB A quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of Colorado Tick Fever (CTF) viral RNA in human clinical samples is presented. The sensitivity of this assay has been shown to be greater than that of the isolation Of Virus in Vero cells by standard plaque assay in a direct comparison. The specificity of the CTF quantitative real-firrie RT-PCR assay was determined by the exclusive detection of CTF viral RNAs when applied to a diverse panel of CTF viral isolates and reference strain agents known to circulate in areas of CTF virus transmission. Lastly, the quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay demonstrated exceptional sensitivity for the detection of CTF viral RNA in acute human Serum. The quantitative real-time KF-PCR assay is efficient. sensitive and specific and as such is useful for the detection of CTF viral RNA in the diagnostic or research laboratory. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Lambert, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rampert Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM ahk7@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2007 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.10.014 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 142SX UT WOS:000244671400006 PM 17126919 ER PT J AU Szretter, KJ Gangappa, S Lu, XH Smith, C Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Sambhara, S Tumpey, TM Katz, JM AF Szretter, Kristy J. Gangappa, Shivaprakash Lu, Xuihua Smith, Chalanda Shieh, Wun-Ju Zaki, Sherif R. Sambhara, Suryaprakash Tumpey, Terrence M. Katz, Jacqueline M. TI Role of host cytokine responses in the pathogenesis of avian H5N1 influenza viruses in mice SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; T-CELL DEVELOPMENT; A H5N1; HONG-KONG; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN-DISEASE; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; LUNG IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses are now-widespread in poultry in Asia and have recently spread to some African and European countries. Interspecies transmission of these viruses to humans poses a major threat to public health. To better understand the basis of pathogenesis of H5N1 viruses, we have investigated the role of proinflammatory cytokines in transgenic mice deficient in interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), or tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) by the use of two avian influenza A viruses isolated from humans, A/Hong Kong/483/97 (HK/483) and A/Hong Kong/486/97 (HK/486), which exhibit high and low lethality in mice, respectively. The course of disease and the extent of virus replication and spread in IL-6- and MIP-1 alpha-deficient mice were not different from those observed in wild-type mice during acute infection with 1,000 50% mouse infective doses of either H5N1 virus. However, with HK/486 virus, IL-1R-deficient mice exhibited heightened morbidity and mortality due to infection, whereas no such differences were observed with the more virulent HK/483 virus. Furthermore, TNFR1-deficient mice exhibited significantly reduced morbidity following challenge with either H5N1 virus but no difference in viral replication and spread or ultimate disease outcome compared with wild-type mice. These results suggest that TNF-alpha may contribute to morbidity during H5N1 influenza virus infection, while IL-1 may be important for effective virus clearance in nonlethal H5N1 disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, MS G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JKatz@cdc.gov OI Szretter, Kristy/0000-0003-0391-2307 NR 65 TC 231 Z9 245 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 81 IS 6 BP 2736 EP 2744 DI 10.1128/JVI.02336-06 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 145FN UT WOS:000244850800019 PM 17182684 ER PT J AU Spiropoulou, CF Albarino, CG Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE AF Spiropoulou, Christina F. Albarino, Cesar G. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Rollin, Pierre E. TI Andes and Prospect Hill hantaviruses differ in early induction of interferon although both can downregulate interferon signaling SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; SIN-NOMBRE; NONPATHOGENIC HANTAVIRUSES; PULMONARY SYNDROME; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; VIRUS-INFECTION; ACTIVATION; RESPONSES; FACTOR-3; IRF-3 AB Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe respiratory disease which is thought to result from a dysregulated immune response to infection with pathogenic hantaviruses, such as Sin Nombre virus or Andes virus (ANDV). Other New World hantaviruses, such as Prospect Hill virus (PHV), have not been associated with human disease. Activation of an antiviral state and cell signaling in response to hantavirus infection were examined using human primary lung endothelial cells, the main target cell infected in HPS patients. PHV, but not ANDV, was found to induce a robust beta interferon (IFN-beta) response early after infection of primary lung endothelial cells. The level of IFN induction correlated with IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) activation, in that IRF-3 dimerization and nuclear translocation were detected in PHV but not ANDV infection. In addition, phosphorylated Stat-1/2 levels were significantly lower in the ANDV-infected cells relative to PHV. Presumably, this reflects the lower level of IRF-3 activation and initial IFN induced by ANDV relative to PHV. To determine whether, in addition, ANDV interference with IFN signaling also contributed to the low Stat-1/2 activation seen in ANDV infection, the levels of exogenous IFN-beta-induced Stat-1/2 activation detectable in uninfected versus ANDV- or PHV-infected Vero-E6 cells were examined. Surprisingly, both viruses were found to downregulate IFN-induced Stat-1/2 activation. Analysis of cells transiently expressing only ANDV or PHV glycoproteins implicated these proteins in this downregulation. In conclusion, while both viruses can interfere with IFN signaling, there is a major difference in the initial interferon induction via IRF-3 activation between ANDV and PHV in infected primary endothelial cells, and this correlates with the reported differences in pathogenicity of these viruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Spiropoulou, CF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ccs8@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 81 IS 6 BP 2769 EP 2776 DI 10.1128/JVI.02402-06 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 145FN UT WOS:000244850800022 PM 17202220 ER PT J AU Bird, BH Khristova, ML Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST AF Bird, Brian H. Khristova, Marina L. Rollin, Pierre E. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Complete genome ancalysis of 33 ecologically and biologically diverse rift valley fever virus strains reveals widespread virus movement and low genetic diversity due to recent common ancestry SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; EXPRESSION STRATEGY; INFECTED MOSQUITOS; OROPOUCHE VIRUS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; SAUDI-ARABIA; RNA VIRUSES; NSS PROTEIN; M SEGMENT; REASSORTMENT AB Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus jis a mosquito-borne RNA virus responsible for large explosive outbreaks of acute febrile disease in humans and livestock in Africa with significant mortality and economic impact. The successful high-throughput generation of the complete genome sequence was achieved for 33 diverse RVF virus strains collected from throughout Africa and Saudi Arabia from 1944 to 2000, including strains differing in pathogenicity in disease models. While several distinct virus genetic lineages were determined, which approximately correlate with geographic origin, multiple exceptions indicative of long-distance virus movement have been found. Virus strains isolated within an epidemic (e.g., Mauritania, 1987, or Egypt, 1977 to 1978) exhibit little diversity, while those in enzootic settings (e.g., 1970s Zimbabwe) can be highly diverse. In addition, the large Saudi Arabian RVF outbreak in 2000 appears to have involved virus introduction from East Africa, based on the close ancestral relationship of a 1998 East African virus. Virus genetic diversity was low (similar to 5%) and primarily involved accumulation of mutations at an average of 2.9 x 10(-4) substitution s/site/year, although some evidence of RNA segment reassortment was found. Bayesian analysis of current RVF virus genetic diversity places the most recent common ancestor of these viruses in the late 1800s, the colonial period in Africa, a time of dramatic changes in agricultural practices and introduction of nonindigenous livestock breeds. In addition to insights into the evolution and ecology of RVF virus, these genomic data also provide a foundation for the design of molecular detection assays and prototype vaccines useful in combating this important disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM snichol@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 81 IS 6 BP 2805 EP 2816 DI 10.1128/JVI.02095-06 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 145FN UT WOS:000244850800025 PM 17192303 ER PT J AU Cong, ME Heneine, W Garcia-Lerma, JG AF Cong, Mian-er Heneine, Walid Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo TI The fitness cost of mutations associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance is modulated by mutational interactions SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV-1-INFECTED PERSONS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; IN-VITRO; HIV-1; TRANSMISSION; PERSISTENCE; ZIDOVUDINE; GENE; VIVO AB It is generally accepted that the fitness cost of resistance mutations plays a role in the persistence of transmitted drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type I and that mutations that confer a high fitness cost are less able to persist in the absence of drug pressure. Here, we show that the fitness cost of reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations can vary within a 72-fold range. We also demonstrate that the fitness cost of M184V and K70R can be decreased or enhanced by other resistance mutations such as D67N and K219Q. We conclude that the persistence of transmitted RT mutants might range widely on the basis of fitness and that the modulation of fitness cost by mutational interactions will be a critical determinant of persistence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Garcia-Lerma, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Bldg 18,MS G-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GGarcia-lerma@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 81 IS 6 BP 3037 EP 3041 DI 10.1128/JVI.02712-06 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 145FN UT WOS:000244850800051 PM 17192300 ER PT J AU Moll, DM McElroy, RH Sabogal, R Corrales, LF Gelting, RJ AF Moll, Deborah M. McElroy, Rebecca H. Sabogal, Raquel Corrales, Lana F. Gelting, Richard J. TI Health impact of water and sanitation infrastructure reconstruction programmes in eight Central American communities affected by Hurricane Mitch SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Central America; Hurricane Mitch; hygiene education; public health; sanitation; water ID HOUSEHOLD DRINKING-WATER; POINT-OF-USE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SAFE STORAGE; CONTAMINATION; DIARRHEA; DISEASE AB In response to Hurricane Mitch, which struck Central America in October-November 1998, the American Red Cross (ARC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collaborated on a 3-year evaluation of the public health impact of ARC's water, sanitation and hygiene education activities in eight study areas in Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala. The evaluation compared: 1) access to and use of water and sanitation facilities, 2) the use of hygienic behaviours, and 3) diarrhoeal prevalence in children younger than 3 years of age before (February 2000) and after (February 2002) the interventions had been implemented. The evaluation included household and key informant interviews designed to measure these three components. Water quality of community water sources and household water was evaluated by measuring levels of indicator bacteria. During the final survey, an infrastructure evaluation provided a review of the design, construction, and current operation and maintenance of the water systems and latrines. The integrated water and sanitation infrastructure interventions and hygiene education programmes implemented following Hurricane Mitch effectively decreased diarrhoea prevalence in the target communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gelting, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS F-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dmmoll@bellsouth.net; rug7@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 17 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 5 IS 1 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.2166/wh.2006.047 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 156RF UT WOS:000245666100003 PM 17402279 ER PT J AU Bansil, P Jamieson, DJ Posner, SF Kourtis, AP AF Bansil, Pooja Jamieson, Denise J. Posner, Samuel F. Kourtis, Athena P. TI Hospitalizations of pregnant HIV-infected women in the United States in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DRUG-USE; OUTCOMES AB Highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) has improved the outlook of HIV-infected patients, but it has several side effects, particularly when it is used during pregnancy. Prior to the advent of HAART, HIV-infected women were at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This report describes hospital use among pregnant HIV-infected women in the United States in the HAART era and compares hospitalizations for select morbidities in pregnant HIV-infected vs. uninfected women. In 2003, the majority of HIV-infected pregnant women were hospitalized in urban hospitals in the South and had Medicare or Medicaid as the expected payer. HIV-infected pregnant women had longer hospitalizations and incurred higher hospitalization charges than uninfected women. In addition, HIV-infected pregnant women were more likely to be hospitalized for major puerperal sepsis, sexually transmitted infections, urinary tract infections, bacterial infections, liver disorders, and preterm labor/delivery than uninfected women, even after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbid conditions. No significant differences were observed in the rates of preeclampsia and antepartum hemorrhage in the two groups. HIV-infected pregnant women in the United States in the era of HAART remain at higher risk for several morbidities and adverse obstetrical outcomes than uninfected women. C1 CONRAD Program, Arlington, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), MS-K34,2900 Woodcock Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.CDC2 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 155SO UT WOS:000245598600001 PM 17388731 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J. Paddock, C. D. Shieh, W. J. Zaki, S. R. TI Histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of adrenal glands in patients with fatal bacterial infections SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 87 SU 1 MA 1229 BP 268A EP 268A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 146LG UT WOS:000244935302063 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Cherry, JD Sanden, GN Tatti, KM Wu, KH Langston, C Fulton, BK Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Eliason, M Greer, PW Zaki, SR AF Paddock, C. D. Cherry, J. D. Sanden, G. N. Tatti, K. M. Wu, K. H. Langston, C. Fulton, B. K. Shieh, W. J. Guarner, J. Eliason, M. Greer, P. W. Zaki, S. R. TI Pulmonary histopathology of pertussis and immunohistochemical localization of bordetella pertussis in children with fatal disease SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. DeVos Childrens Hosp, Grand Rapids, MI USA. RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 87 SU 1 MA 1231 BP 269A EP 269A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 146LG UT WOS:000244935302065 ER PT J AU Schuetz, AN Oprea-Ilies, G Packard, M Zaki, SR Guarner, J AF Schuetz, A. N. Oprea-Ilies, G. Packard, M. Zaki, S. R. Guarner, J. TI Infectious disease immunohistochemistry in placentas from HIV positive and HIV negative patients SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Emory Univ Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 87 SU 1 MA 1233 BP 269A EP 269A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 146LG UT WOS:000244935302067 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Bhatnagar, J Jones, T Paddock, C Guarner, J Zaki, SR AF Shieh, W. J. Bhatnagar, J. Jones, T. Paddock, C. Guarner, J. Zaki, S. R. TI Histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies of adenovirus infection in intussusception SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 87 SU 1 MA 1234 BP 269A EP 269A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 146LG UT WOS:000244935302068 ER PT J AU Holub, CK Kershaw, TS Ethier, KA Lewis, JB Milan, S Ickovics, JR AF Holub, Christina K. Kershaw, Trace S. Ethier, Kathleen A. Lewis, Jessica B. Milan, Stephanie Ickovics, Jeannette R. TI Prenatal and parenting stress on adolescent maternal adjustment: Identifying a high-risk subgroup SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adolescents; pregnancy; stress; maternal adjustment ID PREGNANCY; INFANT; DEPRESSION; POSTPARTUM; INTERVENTION; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; PREDICTORS; BEHAVIORS; DISTRESS AB Objectives: Identifying adolescents who are at increased risk for a particularly difficult pregnancy and adjustment into parenthood is important, as the physical and psychological development of their infants rest in the well-being of these new mothers. This study aims to examine the effects of prenatal stress and parenting stress and the association with: (1) adolescent maternal adjustment; and (2) postpartum emotional distress. Methods: In a prospective longitudinal cohort study, 154 pregnant adolescents (age 14-19) from 10 public clinics were interviewed four times from the third trimester of pregnancy to 16 months postpartum. Planned comparisons of four stress groups were used to compare mean scores for measures of feelings about motherhood, infant care, parenting competency, and emotional distress. Results: Adolescent mothers who experienced high prenatal stress and high parenting stress had lower maternal adjustment (i.e., fewer positive feelings about motherhood, less infant care, and low parenting competency) and high postpartum emotional distress. Even when compared to adolescent mothers who experienced prenatal or parenting stress only, these adolescents were still at a greater disadvantage. Conclusions: Results suggest that adolescents who experience high stress during and after pregnancy are at increased risk for difficult maternal adjustment and high postpartum emotional distress. Findings support the need for health services targeting this subgroup of adolescent mothers, including both prenatal and parenting support. Early intervention to increase maternal adjustment and decrease emotional distress should remain a priority in facilitating the most optimal maternal and child health outcomes. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Holub, CK (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, 319C Rosenau Hall,Campus Box 7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM christina.holub@unc.edu FU NIDA NIH HHS [P01 MH/DA56826-01A1]; NIMH NIH HHS [1 T32 MH20031-02] NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 11 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0159-y PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 142GU UT WOS:000244638200007 PM 17066314 ER PT J AU Burkot, TR Handzel, T Schmaedick, MA Tufa, J Roberts, JM Graves, PM AF Burkot, T. R. Handzel, T. Schmaedick, M. A. Tufa, J. Roberts, J. M. Graves, P. M. TI Productivity of natural and artificial containers for Aedes polynesiensis and Aedes aegypti in four American Samoan villages SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes polynesiensis; Aedes aegypti; Wuchereria bancrofti; dengue; lymphatic filariasis; source reduction; American Samoa ID WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI INFECTION; LAND CRAB BURROWS; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; VECTOR CONTROL; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; LARVAL HABITATS; TRANSMISSION; CHEMOTHERAPY; DISPERSAL; RELEASE AB Six mosquito species were identified in a survey of containers associated with 347 households in four villages in American Samoa. Aedes polynesiensis Marks (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti (L) were the most abundant species, representing 57% and 29% of the mosquitoes identified. Culex quinquefasciatus (Say), Culex annulirostris (Skuse), Aedes oceanicus (Belkin) and Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Doleschall) were also found. Aedes aegypti and Ae. polynesiensis showed distinct differences in their use of containers, preferring large and small containers, respectively. By contrast with previous studies, Ae. polynesiensis utilized domestic and natural containers with equal frequency, whereas Ae. aegypti continued to be found predominantly in domestic containers. Only 15% of containers holding immature mosquitoes included pupae and fewer than 10 Aedes spp. pupae were found in most containers with pupae. An estimated 2289 Ae. polynesiensis and 1640 Ae. aegypti pupae were found in 2258 containers. The presence of both species in the same container did not affect the mean density of either species for larvae or pupae. Glass jars, leaf axils, tree holes and seashells produced few Aedes spp. pupae in any of the study villages. Overall, 75% of Ae. polynesiensis pupae were found in buckets, ice-cream containers and tyres, with <7% being produced in natural containers, whereas 82% of Ae. aegypti pupae were found in 44-gallon (US) drums (similar to 166L), buckets and tyres. Source reduction efforts targeting these container types may yield significant reductions in both Ae. polynesiensis and Ae. aegypti populations in American Samoa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Amer Samoa Community Coll, Div Community & Nat Resource, Pago Pago, AS USA. Amer Samoa Govt, Dept Hlth, Pago Pago, AS USA. EpiVec, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burkot, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM TBurkot@cdc.gov RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013; Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014 OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2007.00667.x PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 154ZA UT WOS:000245546100002 PM 17373943 ER PT J AU Brett, KM Keenan, NL AF Brett, Kate M. Keenan, Nora L. TI Complementary and alternative medicine use among midlife women for reasons including menopause in the United States: 2002 SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE complementary medicine; alternative medicine; epidemiology; menopause; women's health ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; HEALTH-CARE; SYMPTOMS; THERAPIES; PHYSICIANS; ATTITUDES; PROVIDERS; ESTROGEN AB Objective: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been examined previously for midlife women only in regional studies. The purpose of this study was to obtain national estimates of CAM use. Design: Data were obtained from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey, which included a CAM supplementary questionnaire. The response rate was 74%. The analysis included 3,621 female respondents between 45 and 57 years of age who had answered all of the relevant questions. SUDAAN software was used to account for the complex sampling design. Results: Forty-five percent of women 45 to 57 years of age had used some form of CAM within the last 12 months. Approximately 25% used biologics (e.g., herbs) or mind-body (e.g., biofeedback) modalities, whereas only 15% used body work (massage and chiropractic medicine). Use did not vary by age, but white race, higher education, and residence in the West were associated with increased use. Only 45% of CAM users mentioned its use to a medical provider. The most cited reason for using CAM involved treatment of pain, with only 3% mentioning menopause. However, the odds for use of CAM were almost twice as high for women with menopausal symptoms in the past year compared with women with no symptoms (odds ratio: 1.9, 95% Cl: 1.6-2.2). Conclusions: CAM use among, midlife U.S. women is high, although CAM is not used specifically for menopausal concerns. These data will be useful as a benchmark of the use of CAM as use of conventional menopause therapies are influenced by the Women's Health Initiative results. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brett, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6111, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM KBrett@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-3714 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 300 EP 307 DI 10.1097/01.gme.0000232031.84788.57 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 145OG UT WOS:000244873800019 PM 17091097 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J. Paddock, C. D. Shieh, W. J. Zaki, S. R. TI Histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of adrenal glands in patients with fatal bacterial infections SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 SU 2 MA 1229 BP 268A EP 268A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 146GL UT WOS:000244922402063 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Cherry, JD Sanden, GN Tatti, KM Wu, KH Langston, C Fulton, BK Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Eliason, M Greer, PW Zaki, SR AF Paddock, C. D. Cherry, J. D. Sanden, G. N. Tatti, K. M. Wu, K. H. Langston, C. Fulton, B. K. Shieh, W. J. Guarner, J. Eliason, M. Greer, P. W. Zaki, S. R. TI Pulmonary histopathology of pertussis and immunohistochemical localization of Bordetella pertussis in children with fatal disease SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. DeVos Childrens Hosp, Grand Rapids, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 SU 2 MA 1231 BP 269A EP 269A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 146GL UT WOS:000244922402065 ER PT J AU Schuetz, AN Oprea-Ilies, G Packard, M Zaki, SR Guarner, J AF Schuetz, A. N. Oprea-Ilies, G. Packard, M. Zaki, S. R. Guarner, J. TI Infectious disease immunohistochemistry in placentas from HIV positive and HIV negative patients SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Emory Univ Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 SU 2 MA 1233 BP 269A EP 269A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 146GL UT WOS:000244922402067 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Bhatnagar, J Jones, T Paddock, C Guarner, J Zaki, SR AF Shieh, W. J. Bhatnagar, J. Jones, T. Paddock, C. Guarner, J. Zaki, S. R. TI Histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies of adenovirus infection in intussusception SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 SU 2 MA 1234 BP 269A EP 269A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 146GL UT WOS:000244922402068 ER PT J AU Radoshitzky, SR Abraham, J Spiropoulou, CF Kuhn, JH Nguyen, D Li, WH Nagel, J Schmidt, PJ Nunberg, JH Andrews, NC Farzan, M Choe, H AF Radoshitzky, Sheli R. Abraham, Jonathan Spiropoulou, Christina F. Kuhn, Jens H. Nguyen, Dan Li, Wenhui Nagel, Jane Schmidt, Paul J. Nunberg, Jack H. Andrews, Nancy C. Farzan, Michael Choe, Hyeryun TI Transferrin receptor 1 is a cellular receptor for New World haemorrhagic fever arenaviruses SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME-2; ALPHA-DYSTROGLYCAN; SARS CORONAVIRUS; CELLS; ENDOTHELIUM; JUNIN; ANTIBODIES; BIOLOGY; BINDING AB At least five arenaviruses cause viral haemorrhagic fevers in humans. Lassa virus, an Old World arenavirus, uses the cellular receptor alpha-dystroglycan to infect cells(1). Machupo, Guanarito, Junin and Sabia viruses are New World haemorrhagic fever viruses that do not use alpha-dystroglycan(2). Here we show a specific, high-affinity association between transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and the entry glycoprotein ( GP) of Machupo virus. Expression of human TfR1, but not human transferrin receptor 2, in hamster cell lines markedly enhanced the infection of viruses pseudotyped with the GP of Machupo, Guanarito and Junin viruses, but not with those of Lassa or lymphocytic choriomeningitis viruses. An anti-TfR1 antibody efficiently inhibited the replication of Machupo, Guanarito, Junin and Sabia viruses, but not that of Lassa virus. Iron depletion of culture medium enhanced, and iron supplementation decreased, the efficiency of infection by Junin and Machupo but not Lassa pseudoviruses. These data indicate that TfR1 is a cellular receptor for New World haemorrhagic fever arenaviruses. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hosp,Pulm Div, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, New England Primate Res Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Dept Biol Chem Pharm, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hosp,Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Montana, Montana Biotechnol Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Choe, H (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hosp,Pulm Div, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM hyeryun.choe@childrens.harvard.edu RI Kuhn, Jens H./B-7615-2011; OI Kuhn, Jens H./0000-0002-7800-6045; Andrews, Nancy/0000-0003-0243-4462; Li, Wenhui/0000-0003-1305-7404 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI074879]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM007753] NR 30 TC 173 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 446 IS 7131 BP 92 EP 96 DI 10.1038/nature05539 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 140RY UT WOS:000244525600044 PM 17287727 ER PT J AU Bowler, RM Nakagawa, S Drezgic, M Roels, HA Park, RM Diamond, E Mergler, D Bouchard, M Bowler, RP Kollerg, W AF Bowler, Rosemarie M. Nakagawa, Sanae Drezgic, Marija Roels, Harry A. Park, Robert M. Diamond, Emily Mergler, Donna Bouchard, Maryse Bowler, Russell P. Kollerg, William TI Sequelae of fume exposure in confined space welding: A neurological and neuropsychological case series SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Neurobehavioral Methods and Effects in Occupational and Environmental Health CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA SP ICOH, Comm Neurotoxicol & Psychophysiol DE manganese exposure; neuropsychological; neurological; motor; vision; emotional status; adults; clinical cases; CATSYS ID CHRONIC MANGANESE INTOXICATION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; TEST-PERFORMANCE; FERROALLOY WORKERS; FUNGICIDE MANEB; PARKINSONISM; WELDERS; SYMPTOMS AB Welding fume contains manganese (Mn) which is known to be bio-available to and neurotoxic for the central nervous system. Although an essential metal, Mn overexposure may cause manganism, a parkinsonian syndrome. The present welder study sought to improve the clinical portrait of manganism and to determine dose-effect relationships. The welders were employed in the construction of the new Bay Bridge (San Francisco) and welded in confined spaces for up to 2 years with minimal protection and poor ventilation. Neurological, neuropsychological, neurophysiological, and pulmonary examinations were given to 49 welders. Clinical cases were selected on the basis of apriori defined criteria pertaining to welding history and neurological/neuropsychological features. Among the 43 eligible welders, I I cases of manganism were identified presenting with the following symptoms: sleep disturbance, mood changes, bradykinesia, headaches, sexual dysfunction, olfaction loss, muscular rigidity, tremors, hallucinations, slurred speech, postural instability, monotonous voice, and facial masking. Significant associations between outcome variables and cumulative exposure index (CEI) or blood Mn (MnB) were obtained with CEI for variables implicating attention and concentration, working and immediate memory, cognitive flexibility, and verbal learning; and with MnB for executive function, cognitive flexibility, visuo-spatial construction ability, and visual contrast sensitivity. This study strongly suggests that neuropsychological features contribute in a dose-effect related way to the portrait of manganism usually characterized by tremor, loss in balance, diminished cognitive performance, and signs and symptoms of parkinsonism. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Univ Catholique Louvain, Ind Toxicol & Occupat Med Unit, Sch Publ Hlth, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Wright Inst, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Neurol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Bowler, RM (reprint author), 8371 Kent Dr, El Cerrito, CA 94530 USA. EM rbowl@sfsu.edu NR 94 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 298 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.11.001 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 184LV UT WOS:000247644000018 PM 17169432 ER PT J AU Krawczynski, K AF Krawczynski, Krzysztof TI Hepatitis E vaccine - Ready for prime time? SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NON-B HEPATITIS; E VIRUS; NON-A; INFECTION; ETIOLOGY; EPIDEMIC; EFFICACY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Krawczynski, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 356 IS 9 BP 949 EP 951 DI 10.1056/NEJMe068311 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 140HV UT WOS:000244496400012 PM 17329703 ER PT J AU Metallinos-Katsaras, ES Freedson, PS Fulton, JE Sherry, B AF Metallinos-Katsaras, Elizabeth S. Freedson, Patty S. Fulton, Janet E. Sherry, Bettylou TI The association between an objective measure of physical activity and weight status in preschoolers SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE children; overweight; physical activity ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; EATING PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; ADOLESCENTS; RISK; TELEVISION AB Objective: Our objective was to determine the association between physical activity and BMI among racially diverse low-income preschoolers. Research Methods and Procedures: This was a crosssectional study of 2- to 5-year-olds (n = 56) enrolled in Massachusetts Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants & Children (WIC). Physical activity was measured for 7 consecutive days with an accelerometer. Height and weight were obtained from WIC records, and BMI-for-age percentiles were calculated based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) 2000 Growth Charts. At-risk-for-overweight (BMI-for-age of >= 85th to < 95th percentile) and overweight (BMI-for-age >= 95th percentile) groups were combined and referred to as overweight. Final analysis inclusion criteria were: completion of 4.5 days of activity assessment and anthropometric data obtained within 90 and 120 days of the activity assessment for children ages 24 to 35.99 and 36 to 59.99 months, respectively. Results: Overweight children had significantly lower mean daily very vigorous minutes (VVM) (2.6 mins vs. 4.6 mins, p < 0.05) and lower very active minutes (VAM) [i.e., sum of vigorous minutes (VM) and VVM] per day (22.9 mins vs. 32.1 mins, p < 0.05) than children who were not overweight. Daily VVM [odds ratio (OR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.49 to 0.96], VM (OR = 0.94; CI, 0.88 to 1.00), and VAM (OR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.00) were all associated with significantly lower odds of being overweight. Discussion: This study suggests that, in a diverse group of preschoolers, vigorous and very vigorous activity are associated with lower odds of overweight. However, these findings require corroboration in a diverse sample of preschoolers using a longitudinal design. C1 Simmons Coll, Sch Hlth Studies, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Exercise Sci, Amherst, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Metallinos-Katsaras, ES (reprint author), Simmons Coll, Sch Hlth Studies, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM metallin@simmons.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU115131] NR 41 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD MAR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 686 EP 694 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.571 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 212OD UT WOS:000249605800019 PM 17372319 ER PT J AU Li, CY Goran, MI Kaur, H Nollen, N Ahluwalia, JS AF Li, Chaoyang Goran, Michael I. Kaur, Harsohena Nollen, Nicole Ahluwalia, Jasjit S. TI Developmental trajectories of overweight during childhood: Role of early life factors SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE trajectory; birth weight; maternal obesity; gestational weight gain; breastfeeding ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MATERNAL SMOKING; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DIABETIC MOTHERS; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; RISK-FACTORS; OBESITY; ADOLESCENTS; GROWTH; COHORT AB Objective: Our goal was to identify developmental trajectories of overweight in children and to assess early life influences on these trajectories. Research Methods and Procedures: Participants consisted of 1739 white, black, and Hispanic children who were younger than 2 years at the first survey and were followed up to 12 years of age. Repeated measures of overweight, defined as BMI >= 95th percentile, were used to identify overweight trajectories with a latent growth mixture modeling approach. Results: Three distinct overweight trajectories were identified: 1) early onset overweight (10.9%), 2) late onset overweight (5.2%), and 3) never overweight (83.9%). After adjustment for multiple potential risk factors, male gender [odds ratio (OR), 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0 to 2.2], black ethnicity (OR, 1.7; 95% Cl, 1.1 to 2.6), maternal 25 <= BMI < 30 kg/m(2) (OR, 2.2; 95% Cl, 1.3 to 3.7) or :30 kg/m(2) (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 2.9 to 9.1), maternal weight gain during pregnancy :>= 20.43 kg (OR, 1.7; 95% Cl, 1.0 to 2.9) and birth weight >= 4000 g (OR, 2.0; 95% Cl, 1.2 to 3.4 were associated with an increased risk of early onset over-weight. These risk factors, except maternal weight gain, exerted similar effects on late onset overweight. In addition, maternal smoking (OR, 1.6; 95% Cl, 0.8 to 3.1) and birth order :3 (OR, 2.3; 95% Cl, 1.0 to 5.2) were associated with an increased risk of late onset overweight only. Breastfeeding >= 4 months was associated with a decreased risk of both early (OR, 0.7; 95% Cl, 0.3 to 1.3) and late onset overweight (OR, 0.7; 95% Cl, 0.3 to 1.7). Discussion: Two trajectories of overweight and one never overweight group were identified. Early life predictors may have a significant influence on the developmental trajectories of overweight in children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Kansas State Univ, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Canc, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Canc, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cli@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R24 CA95835-01]; NICHD NIH HHS [K12 HD052027] NR 47 TC 139 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 12 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD MAR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 760 EP 771 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.585 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 212OD UT WOS:000249605800028 PM 17372328 ER PT J AU Mohllajee, AP Curtis, KM Morrow, B Marchbanks, PA AF Mohllajee, A. P. Curtis, K. M. Morrow, B. Marchbanks, P. A. TI Pregnancy intention and its relationship to birth and maternal outcomes SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIORS; VALIDITY; PATTERNS; ECUADOR; WEIGHT; WOMEN; LABOR; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: To examine whether there are associations between pregnancy intention (intended, unwanted, mistimed, or ambivalent) and negative birth and maternal outcomes: low birth weight (less than 2,500 g), preterm delivery (fewer than 37 weeks), small for gestational age, premature labor, hypertension, and other maternal outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed data from the population-based Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, including 87,087 women who gave birth between 1996 and 1999 in 18 states. Information on pregnancy outcomes was derived from birth certificate data and a self-administered questionnaire completed postpartum. We employed SUDAAN (RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC) for univariable and logistical regression analyses. RESULTS: In analyses controlling for demographic and behavioral factors, women with unwanted pregnancies had an increased likelihood of preterm delivery (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.33) and premature rupture of membranes (adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01-1.85) compared with women with intended pregnancies. Women who were ambivalent toward their pregnancies had increased odds of delivering a low birth weight infant (adjusted OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02-1.29); in contrast, women with mistimed pregnancies had a lower likelihood (adjusted OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.97). CONCLUSION: Pregnancy intention, specifically unwanted and ambivalent, may be an indicator of increased risk for some poor birth and maternal outcomes and should be considered in interventions aimed at improving the health of the mother and child. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mohllajee, AP (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM amohllaj@hsph.harvard.edu NR 35 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 678 EP 686 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000255666.78427.c5 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 171YL UT WOS:000246771200014 PM 17329520 ER PT J AU Bowler, RM Roels, HA Nakagawa, S Drezgic, M Diamond, E Park, R Koller, W Bowler, RP Mergler, D Bouchard, M Smith, D Gwiazda, R Doty, RL AF Bowler, Rosemarie M. Roels, Harry A. Nakagawa, Sanae Drezgic, Marija Diamond, Emily Park, Robert Koller, William Bowler, Russell P. Mergler, Donna Bouchard, Maryse Smith, Donald Gwiazda, Roberto Doty, Richard L. TI Dose-effect relationships between manganese exposure and neurological, neuropsychological and pulmonary function in confined space bridge welders SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICOH Meeting on Health Effects of Metals CY JUN, 2006 CL Brescia, ITALY SP ICOH ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PARKINSONISM; WORKERS; DYSFUNCTION; UTILITY; BRAIN AB Background: Although adverse neuropsychological and neurological health effects are well known among workers with high manganese (Mn) exposures in mining, ore-processing and ferroalloy production, the risks among welders with lower exposures are less well understood. Methods: Confined space welding in construction of a new span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge without adequate protection was studied using a multidisciplinary method to identify the dose-effect relationship between adverse health effects and Mn in air or whole blood. Bridge welders (n = 43) with little or no personal protection equipment and exposed to a welding fume containing Mn, were administered neurological, neuropsychological, neurophysiological and pulmonary tests. Outcome variables were analysed in relation to whole blood Mn (MnB) and a Cumulative Exposure Index (CEI) based on Mn-air, duration and type of welding. Welders performed a mean of 16.5 months of welding on the bridge, were on average 43.8 years of age and had on average 12.6 years of education. Results: The mean time weighted average of Mn-air ranged from 0.11-0.46 mg/m(3) (55% > 0.20 mg/m(3)). MnB > 10 mu g/l was found in 43% of the workers, but the concentrations of Mn in urine, lead in blood and copper and iron in plasma were normal. Forced expiratory volume at 1s: forced vital capacity ratios (FEV1/FVC) were found to be abnormal in 33.3% of the welders after about 1.5 years of welding at the bridge. Mean scores of bradykinesia and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale exceeded 4 and 6, respectively. Computer assisted tremor analysis system hand tremor and body sway tests, and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test showed impairment in 38.5/61.5, 51.4 and 88% of the welders, respectively. Significant inverse dose-effect relationships with CEI and/or MnB were found for IQ (p <= 0.05), executive function (p <= 0.03), sustaining concentration and sequencing (p <= 0.04), verbal learning (p <= 0.01), working (p <= 0.04) and immediate memory (p <= 0.02), even when adjusted for demographics and years of welding before Bay Bridge. Symptoms reported by the welders while working were: tremors (41.9%); numbness (60.5%); excessive fatigue (65.1%); sleep disturbance (79.1%); sexual dysfunction (58.1%); toxic hallucinations (18.6%); depression (53.5%); and anxiety (39.5%). Dose-effect associations between CEI and sexual function (p < 0.05), fatigue (p < 0.05), depression (p < 0.01) and headache (p < 0.05) were statistically significant. Conclusions: Confined space welding was shown to be associated with neurological, neuropsychological and pulmonary adverse health effects. A careful enquiry of occupational histories is recommended for all welders presenting with neurological or pulmonary complaints, and a more stringent prevention strategy should be considered for Mn exposure due to inhalation of welding fume. C1 San Francisco State Univ, El Cerrito, CA 94530 USA. Univ Catholique Louvain, Ind Toxicol & Occupat Med Unit, Sch Publ Hlth, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. Wright Inst, Berkeley, CA USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Neurol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Natl Jewish & Med Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Quebec, CINBIOSE, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 2M3, Canada. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Smell & Taste Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Bowler, RP (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, 8371 Kent Dr, El Cerrito, CA 94530 USA. EM rbowl@sfsu.edu RI Doty, Richard/B-7623-2012; Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012; Doty, Richard/G-1602-2013 NR 44 TC 137 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 14 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 64 IS 3 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1136/oem.2006.028761 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 143IU UT WOS:000244714900007 PM 17018581 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Flegal, KM Melton, LJ AF Looker, A. C. Flegal, K. M. Melton, L. J., III TI Impact of increased overweight on the projected prevalence of osteoporosis in older women SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE impact of overweight; osteoporosis ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; BODY-MASS INDEX; NHANES-III; FRACTURE; WEIGHT; TRENDS; POPULATION; OBESITY; HIP; PREDICTOR AB Introduction Overweight is increasing worldwide, but particularly in the United States of America. Higher body weight is associated with higher bone density, so our goal was to estimate whether the higher prevalence of overweight is likely to reduce osteoporosis among older women. Methods We calculated the prevalence of osteoporosis by weight status in older women using data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-94). We defined overweight as a body mass index (BMI)>= 25 and osteoporosis as a femur neck bone mineral density (BMD) value 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean of that of young women. To estimate the expected prevalence of osteoporosis, we applied the prevalence of osteoporosis by weight status from NHANES III to the corresponding weight status prevalence from NHANES 1999-2002. Results Of older women in NHANES 1999-2002, 68% were overweight compared to 62% in NHANES III. Overweight status was significantly related to osteoporosis prevalence (P < 0.001). However, the expected prevalence of osteoporosis in NHANES 1999-2002 was only slightly lower than that seen in NHANES III (16.8% vs 18.1%, respectively). Conclusions The increasing prevalence of overweight among older US women appears unlikely to be accompanied by a significant reduction in osteoporosis. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Room 4201,3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM acl1@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 36 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s00198-006-0241-8 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 134PJ UT WOS:000244095000007 PM 17053871 ER PT J AU Parner, ET Reefhuis, J Schendel, D Thomsen, JL Ovesen, T Thorsen, P AF Parner, Erik T. Reefhuis, Jennita Schendel, Diana Thomsen, Janus L. Ovesen, Therese Thorsen, Poul TI Hearing loss diagnosis followed by meningitis in Danish children, 1995-2004 SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT MENINGITIS; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; DYSPLASIA AB OBJECTIVE: A higher risk of meningitis associated with cochlear implants may be explained in part by a generally higher risk of meningitis in children with severe to profound hearing loss. We investigated whether children with hearing loss have an increased risk of meningitis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A historical cohort study of all children born in Denmark between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2004, was conducted. The cohort was selected through the Danish Medical Birth Registry, and information on hearing loss and meningitis was obtained from the National Hospital Registry. RESULTS: We identified 39 children with both hearing loss and meningitis. Of these children, five were diagnosed first with hearing loss and later with meningitis. The relative risk of meningitis in the group of children with a hearing loss diagnosis, as compared with the non-hearing loss group, was 5.0 (95% CI, 2.0 to 12.0). CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence for an association between hearing loss and the development of meningitis. Parents and health care providers of children with hearing loss should be more alert for possible signs and symptoms of meningitis, and vaccination should be considered. (c) 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved. C1 Aarhus Univ Hosp, NANEA, Dept Biostat, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Epidemiol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Aarhus Univ Hosp, Res Unit Gen Practice, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Aarhus Univ Hosp, ENT Dept, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabilities, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Parner, ET (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Biostat, Vennelyst Blvd 6, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. EM parner@biostat.au.dk RI Parner, Erik/F-5532-2010 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 136 IS 3 BP 428 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.10.008 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 144JV UT WOS:000244793200017 PM 17321872 ER PT J AU Rice, CE Baio, J Braun, KV Doernberg, N Meaney, FJ Kirby, RS AF Rice, Catherine E. Baio, Jon Braun, Kim Van Naarden Doernberg, Nancy Meaney, F. John Kirby, Russell S. CA ADDM Network TI A public health collaboration for the surveillance of autism spectrum disorders SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; ADDM Network; prevalence; surveillance ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MINNESOTA AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a range of behavioural phenotypes defined by impaired development in social interaction, communication, imagination, and range of interests or behaviours. The aetiology and epidemiology of these serious developmental disabilities (DDs) are poorly understood. Estimates of the population prevalence of ASDs have varied widely within the US and abroad, with increasing estimates in most of the recent studies. In an effort to improve our understanding of the prevalence, population characteristics and public health impact of these conditions, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has funded a multi-site surveillance network for ASDs and other DDs that consists of programmes known as the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) network which conducts surveillance activities and the Centers for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Research and Epidemiology (CADDRE) which also conducts surveillance in addition to special research studies related to the ASDs. This collaboration will be referred to hereafter as the ADDM Network. The ADDM Network is implementing a multiple-source surveillance programme to determine population prevalence and characteristics of ASDs and other DDs. This paper describes the collaborative efforts and explains the methods in developing this coordinated public health surveillance network to provide an ongoing source of high-quality data on ASDs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDDD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Rice, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDDD, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM crice@cdc.gov RI Rice, Catherine/D-6305-2016 NR 39 TC 76 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00801.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 134WV UT WOS:000244116000009 PM 17302648 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Zhou, L Santin, M Yang, WL Fayer, R AF Xiao, Lihua Zhou, Ling Santin, Monica Yang, Wenli Fayer, Ronald TI Distribution of Cryptosporidium parvum subtypes in calves in eastern United States SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; SUBGENOTYPE ANALYSIS; DAIRY CALVES; HUMANS; GENOTYPE; CHILDREN; CATTLE; GLYCOPROTEIN; PREVALENCE AB Cryptosporidium parvum DNA from 175 neonatal calves on 16 farms in eight eastern states in the United States was subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene to determinate the parasite genetic diversity. Six subtypes of the IIa subtype family were found. Subtype IIaA15G2R1, which is the predominant C. parvum subtype in calves in many parts of the world, was identified in 77% of the C. parvum DNA from calves. Several farms had more than one C. parvum subtype and a few calves had infections with mixed subtypes. Distribution of subtypes differed geographically. Diversity of C. parvum in calves in eastern United States was lower than that previously seen in Michigan and southern Ontario. The high prevalence of one subtype in calves worldwide and frequent detection of this subtype in humans suggests that parasite fitness probably plays an important role in transmission of cryptosporidiosis among cattle and in zoonotic infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 29 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 701 EP 706 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0337-2 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 129ZX UT WOS:000243769700006 PM 17024351 ER PT J AU Smith, PB Morgan, J Benjamin, DK Fridkin, SK Sanza, LT Harrison, LH Sofair, AN Huie-White, S Benjamin, DK AF Smith, P. Brian Morgan, Juliette Benjamin, Daniel K. Fridkin, Scott K. Sanza, Laurie Thomson Harrison, Lee H. Sofair, Andre N. Huie-White, Sharon Benjamin, Daniel K., Jr. TI Excess costs of hospital care associated with neonatal candidemia SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nosocomial infections; neonatal intensive care units ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; FLUCONAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; INTENSIVE-CARE; STAY; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; IMPACT; LENGTH; UNIT AB Background: Nosocomial bloodstream infections are associated with increased hospital costs in adult and pediatric patients. Candida is an increasingly important nosocomial pathogen within intensive care nurseries. The purpose of this study was to determine the attributable cost of candidemia in neonates. Methods: This case-control study included all neonates with candidemia receiving care in hospitals in Connecticut and in Baltimore County and the city of Baltimore, MD. We identified 47 cases and 130 control patients. Multivariable linear regression was used to control for state, birth weight and mortality to determine the effect of candidernia on length of stay, cost per day and total hospital costs. Results: Candidemia was associated with a $28,000 increase in total hospital costs in multivariable analysis. This increase in total cost was the result of both an increase in costs per day and length of hospital stay. Other cost-increasing variables included in the analysis were: state of origin (Connecticut), survival and decreasing birth weight. Conclusions: This represents the first study of the adjusted costs of candidemia in neonates. In addition to high mortality, candidernia was associated with increased hospital costs. This cost analysis could be helpful in determining the financial benefits of preventing candidemia in high risk neonates. C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Natl Ctr Infect dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Econ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. PERC, Bozeman, MT USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Smith, PB (reprint author), Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Pediat, Box 3179, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM smith466@mc.duke.edu RI Smith, Phillip/I-5565-2014 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI 052080]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD044799-01] NR 24 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 197 EP 200 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000253973.89097.c0 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 148QO UT WOS:000245089900001 PM 17484214 ER PT J AU Jaggi, P Beall, B Rippe, J Tanz, RR Shulman, ST AF Jaggi, Preeti Beall, Bernard Rippe, Jason Tanz, Robert R. Shulman, Stanford T. TI Macrolide resistance and emm type distribution of invasive pediatric group A streptococcal isolates - Three-year prospective surveillance from a children's hospital SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE group A streptococcus; macrolide resistance; emm/M type ID ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; PYOGENES; SCHOOLCHILDREN; CONSUMPTION; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; CENTERS; VACCINE; TAIWAN AB Objective: Macrolide-resistant group A streptococci (GAS) have been suggested to have more invasive potential. An M protein-based GAS vaccine is currently in development. We sought to define the GAS emm types and macrolide resistance rates among pediatric invasive GAS isolates collected prospectively during a recent 40-month period at our children's hospital. Patients and Methods: We prospectively identified and collected GAS isolates from patients with invasive GAS disease (isolates from normally sterile sites). Susceptibility assays for erythromycin and clindamycin were performed by E-test. emm typing was performed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical characteristics of patients were identified by chart review. Results: A total of 37 patient isolates were identified, of which 35 isolates were able to be characterized. Four patients had underlying illness. No macrolide resistance was detected among the isolates. The most common emm types causing invasive disease were emm 1.0 (43%) and emm 12.0 (11.1%). Conclusions: In this group of 35 invasive GAS isolates, no cases of macrolide resistance were found. emm type 1 accounted for the highest percentage of invasive disease, followed by emm type 12. The type-specific GAS M protein-based vaccine currently in development includes the emm types of 33 of 35 (94%) of the invasive emm types in this series. C1 Columbus Childrens Hosp, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. RP Jaggi, P (reprint author), Columbus Childrens Hosp, 700 Childrens Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. EM jaggip@pediatrics.ohio-state.edu RI Jaggi, Preeti/E-3303-2011 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 253 EP 255 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000256761.10463.29 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 148QO UT WOS:000245089900011 PM 17484224 ER PT J AU Menon, MP Sobel, J Tauxe, RV AF Menon, Manoj P. Sobel, Jeremy Tauxe, Robert V. TI Pasteurization of banked human breast milk SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; TRANSMISSION; INFANTS; BABY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Menon, MP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 277 EP 278 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000255754.85529.9d PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 148QO UT WOS:000245089900024 PM 17484236 ER PT J AU D'Angio, CT Boohene, PA Mowrer, A Audet, S Menegus, MA Schmid, DS Beeler, JA AF D'Angio, Carl T. Boohene, Paulina A. Mowrer, Anne Audet, Susette Menegus, Marilyn A. Schmid, D. Scott Beeler, Judy A. TI Measles-mumps-rubella and varicella vaccine responses in extremely preterm infants SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vaccines; premature infant; measles-mumps-rubella vaccine; varicella vaccine; very low birth weight infant; immunology; humoral immunity; immunization ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; EXTREMELY PREMATURE-INFANTS; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; HEPATITIS-B; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; TERM INFANTS AB OBJECTIVE. Extremely preterm infants mount lower antibody responses than term infants to several vaccines. The objective of this study was to measure the immunogenicity of measles- mumps- rubella and varicella vaccines in preterm and term children. METHODS. Immune status before immunization and immune response after immunization with measles- mumps- rubella and varicella vaccines at 15 months of age were compared in 32 infants, 16 of whom were preterm ( < 29 weeks' gestation) and 16 of whom were term ( >= 37 weeks' gestation) at birth. Blood was drawn before vaccination and 3 to 6 weeks thereafter. Measles antibody was measured by plaque reduction neutralization assay. Mumps and rubella immunoglobulin G were measured in available sera by enzyme- linked fluorescent immunoassay. Varicella immunoglobulin G was measured in available sera by glycoprotein enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. Values that were above or below the assay limits were assigned values double or half those limits, respectively. The primary outcome was the geometric mean antibody titer. RESULTS. Preterm children had lower mumps and rubella geometric mean titers than did term children before vaccine, and nearly all children were seronegative for each of the 4 vaccine antigens before immunization. Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella geometric mean titers were similar between groups after vaccine. All children were seropositive for measles after vaccine, whereas 13 of 14 preterm and 11 of 13 term children were seropositive for mumps, 13 of 14 preterm and 13 of 13 term children were seropositive for rubella, and 11 of 16 preterm and 9 of 15 term children were seropositive for varicella. CONCLUSIONS. Preterm children mounted antibody responses that were similar to those of term children after measles- mumps- rubella and varicella vaccines at 15 months of age. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Med, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Rochester, NY USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl VZU Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP D'Angio, CT (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 651, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM carl_dangio@urmc.rochester.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [5 M01 RR00044]; PHS HHS [N01-A1-25460] NR 41 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3 BP E574 EP E579 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2241 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 141LK UT WOS:000244579800051 PM 17332177 ER PT J AU Hinckley, AF O'Leary, DR Hayes, EB AF Hinckley, Alison F. O'Leary, Daniel R. Hayes, Edward B. TI Transmission of West Nile virus through human breast milk seems to be rare SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; breastfeeding; milk; pregnancy; flavivirus; perinatal transmission; epidemiology ID GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; UNITED-STATES; ENCEPHALITIS; EPIDEMIC; PERSPECTIVE; INFECTION; GOAT AB INTRODUCTION. In September 2002, possible transmission of West Nile virus via human milk was reported for the first time. METHODS. Since 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collected reports of maternal or infant West Nile virus illness during the breastfeeding period. All of the reported instances were reviewed. In addition, milk samples from women infected during pregnancy were tested for West Nile virus RNA and West Nile virus - specific antibodies. RESULTS. Six infants were reported to have breastfed from mothers with West Nile virus fever. Five of the 6 infants had no illness or detectable antibodies to West Nile virus in serum after onset of maternal illness. One infant who was not tested and developed a rash was otherwise well 1 week after onset of maternal illness. In addition, 2 infants were reported to have developed West Nile virus illness while breastfeeding; preceding maternal illness was not documented. Two breastfed infants whose mothers acquired West Nile virus fever in the last week of pregnancy developed West Nile virus - specific antibodies; both infant infections could have been congenitally acquired. Of 45 milk samples from women infected with West Nile virus during pregnancy, 2 had West Nile virus RNA, and 14 had immunoglobin M antibodies to West Nile virus. CONCLUSIONS. Of 10 reported instances since 2003 of maternal or infant West Nile virus illness while breastfeeding, transmission of West Nile virus through human milk could neither be ruled out nor confirmed for 5 cases; in 5 others, serologic tests indicated no vertical transmission. Transmission of West Nile virus through breastfeeding seems to be rare, but more information is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth &, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Hinckley, AF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth &, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM ahinckley@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3 BP E666 EP E671 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2107 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 141LK UT WOS:000244579800064 PM 17332186 ER PT J AU Shuler, CM Iwamoto, M Bridges, CB Marin, M Neeman, R Gargiullo, P Yoder, TA Keyserling, HL Terebuh, PD AF Shuler, Carrie M. Iwamoto, Martha Bridges, Carolyn Buxton Marin, Mona Neeman, Ruth Gargiullo, Paul Yoder, Terrace A. Keyserling, Harry L. Terebuh, Pauline D. TI Vaccine effectiveness against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza among children aged 6 to 59 months, 2003-2004 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE influenza; children; vaccine effectiveness ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; SYNTHETIC CASE CONTROL; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; YOUNG-CHILDREN; OUTPATIENT VISITS; UNITED-STATES; EFFICACY; INFANTS; BURDEN; HOSPITALIZATIONS AB OBJECTIVES. Influenza is a leading cause of illness among children. Studies rarely have measured influenza vaccine effectiveness among young children, particularly when antigenic match between vaccine and circulating viruses is suboptimal. We assessed vaccine effectiveness against medically attended, laboratory- confirmed influenza for children who were aged 6 to 59 months during the 2003 - 2004 influenza season. METHODS. In a case- control study that was conducted in a single pediatric practice, case patients who were aged 6 to 59 months and had laboratory- confirmed influenza were age matched 1: 2 to eligible control subjects. Vaccination status was ascertained as of the date of the case patient's symptom onset. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate vaccine effectiveness, adjusting for underlying medical conditions and health care usage. RESULTS. We identified 290 influenza case patients who were seen for medical care from November 1, 2003, to January 31, 2004. Vaccine effectiveness among fully vaccinated children, compared with unvaccinated children, was 49%. Partially vaccinated children who were aged 6 to 23 months had no significant reduction in influenza ( vaccine effectiveness: -70%), but partially vaccinated children who were aged 24 to 59 months had a significant ( 65%) reduction in influenza, compared with unvaccinated children. CONCLUSIONS. Full vaccination provided measurable protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza among children who were aged 6 to 59 months during a season with suboptimal vaccine match. No vaccine effectiveness was identified with partial vaccination among children who were aged 6 to 23 months, affirming that children need to be fully vaccinated to obtain protective effects. These results strengthen the evidence of the vaccine's ability to reduce substantially the burden of disease in this age group. C1 Georgia Dept Human Resources, Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Notifiable Dis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Med Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Shuler, CM (reprint author), Georgia Dept Human Resources, Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Notifiable Dis Sect, 2 Peachtree St,Suite 14-232, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM cmshuler@dhr.state.ga.us NR 37 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3 BP E587 EP E595 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1878 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 141LK UT WOS:000244579800053 PM 17332179 ER PT J AU Petersen, R Albright, J Garrett, JM Curtis, KM AF Petersen, Ruth Albright, Jennifer Garrett, Joanne M. Curtis, Kathryn M. TI Pregnancy and STD prevention counseling using an adaptation of motivational interviewing: A randomized controlled trial SO PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; UNITED-STATES; RISK ASSESSMENT; HIV-INFECTION; PRIMARY-CARE; WOMEN; INTERVENTION; DELIVERY; PHYSICIANS; SETTINGS AB CONTEXT: Given levels of unintended pregnancy and STDs, on effective counseling intervention is needed to improve women's consistent use of effective prevention methods. METHODS: A sample of 764 women aged 16-44 who were at risk of unintended pregnancy were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial in North Carolina in 2003-2004. Intervention participants received pregnancy and STD prevention counseling, adapted from motivational interviewing, both at enrollment and two months later,, controls received only a session of general health counseling. Levels of contraceptive use (categorized as high, low or none on the basis of the effectiveness of the method and the consistency of use) and barriers to use were measured at two, eight and 72 months, chi-square tests were used to compare selected outcomes between the groups. Rates of unintended pregnancy and chlarnydia infection were assessed over the study period. RESULTS: At baseline, 59% of all participants reported a high level of contraceptive use, 79% a low level and 22%nonuse. At two months, the proportions of intervention and control participants who had improved their level of use or maintained a high level (72% and 669vo, respectively) were significantly larger than the proportions who had reported a high level of use at baseline (59% and 58%, respectively). No significant differences were found between the groups at 12 months, or between baseline and 12 months for either group. During the study, 10-11% of intervention and control participants become pregnant, 1-2% received a chlamydia diagnosis and 7-9% had another STD diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated counseling sessions maybe needed to improve contraceptive decision-making and to reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy and STDs. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Womens Hlth Res, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Petersen, R (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM ruth_petersen@unc.edu NR 43 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 10 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 1538-6341 J9 PERSPECT SEX REPRO H JI Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1363/3902107 PG 8 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 148EJ UT WOS:000245057000003 PM 17355378 ER PT J AU McNeil, MM Chiang, IS Wheeling, JT Zhang, YJ AF McNeil, Michael M. Chiang, I-Shan Wheeling, John T. Zhang, Yujia TI Short-term reactogenicity and gender effect of anthrax vaccine: analysis of a 1967-1972 study and review of the 1955-2005 medical literature SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; anthrax vaccine absorbed (AVA); vaccine adverse effects; vaccine gender effects ID REPORTING-SYSTEM VAERS; INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ADVERSE EVENTS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; SEX-DIFFERENCES; SAFETY; ADULTS; IMMUNIZATION AB Purpose In the 1960s, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) held the investigational new drug (IND) application for the anthrax vaccine and collected short-term safety data from approximately 16000 doses administered to almost 7000 individuals. While some recent anthrax vaccine safety studies have suggested that women experience more injection site reactions (ISRs), to our knowledge the IND safety data were not previously examined for a gender-specific difference. Methods We identified and analyzed a subset of the IND study data representing a total of 1749 persons who received 3592 doses from 1967 to 1972. Original data collection forms were located and information extracted, including: vaccine recipient's name, age at vaccination, gender, dose number, date of vaccination, lot number, grading of ISR, presence and type of systemic reactions. Overall and gender-specific rates for adverse reactions to anthrax vaccine were calculated and we performed a multivariable analysis. Results We found an ISR was associated with 28% of anthrax vaccine doses; however, 87% of these were considered mild. Systemic reactions were uncommon (< 1%) and most (70%) accompanied an ISR. Our dose-specific analysis by gender found women had at least twice the risk of having a vaccine reaction compared to men. Our age-adjusted relative risk for ISR in women compared to men was 2.78 (95%CI: 2.29, 3.38). Conclusions Our results for both overall and gender-specific reactogenicity are consistent with other anthrax safety studies. To date, possible implications of these gender differences observed for anthrax and other vaccines are unknown and deserve further study. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anthrax Vaccine Safety Team, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNeil, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anthrax Vaccine Safety Team, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmm2@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 259 EP 274 DI 10.1002/pds.1359 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 146EV UT WOS:000244918200003 PM 17245803 ER PT J AU Gamble, C Ekwaru, PJ Garner, P Kuile, FOT AF Gamble, Carol Ekwaru, Paul J. Garner, Paul Kuile, Feiko O. ter TI Insecticide-treated nets for the prevention of malaria in pregnancy: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; BED NETS; WESTERN KENYA; INFANT-MORTALITY; CHILD-MORTALITY; ANEMIA; BEDNETS; IMPACT; AREA; TRANSMISSION AB Background Protection from malaria with insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) during pregnancy is widely advocated, but evidence of benefit has been inconsistent. We undertook a systematic review of randomised trials. Methods and Findings Three cluster-randomised and two individually randomised trials met the inclusion criteria; four from Africa (n = 6,418) and one from Thailand (n = 223). In Africa, ITNs compared to no nets increased mean birth weight by 55 g (95% confidence interval [CI] 21-88), reduced low birth weight by 23% (relative risk [RR] 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.98), and reduced miscarriages/stillbirths by 33% (RR 0.67, 0.47-0.97) in the first few pregnancies. Placental parasitaemia was reduced by 23% in all gravidae (RR 0.77, 0.66-0.90). The effects were apparent in the cluster-randomised trials and the one individually randomised trial in Africa. The trial in Thailand, which randomised individuals to ITNs or untreated nets, showed reductions in anaemia and fetal loss in all gravidae, but not reductions in clinical malaria or low birth weight. Conclusions ITNs used throughout pregnancy or from mid-pregnancy onwards have a beneficial impact on pregnancy outcome in malaria-endemic Africa in the first few pregnancies. The potential impact of ITNs in pregnant women and their newborns in malaria regions outside Africa requires further research. C1 Univ Liverpool, Ctr Med Stat & Hlth Evaluat, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Makerere Univ, Makerere Med Sch, Clin Epidemiol Unit, Kampala, Uganda. Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. United States Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kuile, FOT (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Ctr Med Stat & Hlth Evaluat, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM terkuile@liv.ac.uk OI Garner, Paul/0000-0002-0607-6941; ter Kuile, Feiko/0000-0003-3663-5617 NR 31 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 506 EP 515 AR e107 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040107 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 150TY UT WOS:000245243700018 PM 17388668 ER PT J AU Newton, PN Green, MD Fernandez, F AF Newton, Paul N. Green, Michael D. Fernandez, Facundo TI Counterfeit artemisinin derivatives and Africa: update from authors SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust, Mahosot Hosp Oxford Univ Trop Med Res Collaborat, Viangchan, Laos. Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Newton, PN (reprint author), Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust, Mahosot Hosp Oxford Univ Trop Med Res Collaborat, Viangchan, Laos. EM paul@tropmedres.ac RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 598 EP 599 AR e139 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040139 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 150TY UT WOS:000245243700032 PM 17388677 ER PT J AU Graber, JM Macdonald, SC Kass, DE Smith, AE Anderson, HA AF Graber, Judith M. Macdonald, Steven C. Kass, Daniel E. Smith, Andrew E. Anderson, Henry A. TI Carbon monoxide: The case for environmental public health surveillance SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID AIR-POLLUTION; UNINTENTIONAL DEATHS; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; BIRTH OUTCOMES; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; TAIWAN; CALIFORNIA; KAOHSIUNG C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Marine Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Environm & Occupat Hlth Unit, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Olympia, WA USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. RP Smith, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Marine Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Environm & Occupat Hlth Unit, 286 Water St,SHS 11, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. EM Andy.E.Smith@maine.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU122452] NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 122 IS 2 BP 138 EP 144 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 135BU UT WOS:000244129600002 PM 17357355 ER PT J AU Graber, JM Smith, AE AF Graber, Judith M. Smith, Andrew E. TI Results from a state-based surveillance system for carbon monoxide poisoning SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNINTENTIONAL DEATHS; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to describe results from a pilot surveillance system for carbon monoxide poisoning-a signifcant yet preventable public health issue for which most public health agencies do not conduct routine public health surveillance. Methods. The authors developed a rate-based statewide surveillance system. Cases were identified using the 1998 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists' case definition in hospital discharges, emergency department and hospital outpatient visits, and mortality data. Intentional and fire-related injuries were excluded. The system was supplemented with qualitative information from newspaper articles. Annual, age, and sex-specific incidence rates were estimated. Exposure source/setting was described using E-codes; occupational setting was assessed by combining E-codes and payer code. Cases occurring during a disaster-related power outage in January 1998 were compared with cases identified during routine surveillance from 1999 through 2003. Results. During the five years of routine surveillance, 740 cases were identified; 47 (6.4%) were hospitalized, 442 (59.7%) were seen in an emergency department, and 251 (34.3%) were seen in another outpatient setting. More cases were observed in fall/winter; 23.1% of patients aged 16 or older were classified as exposed in an occupational setting. Among disaster-relatEd cases, more were older (>= 65 years of age; 11.9% vs. 4.2%) and female (61.6% vs. 45.3%); and fewer were in occupational settings (1.8% vs. 23.1%). Conclusions. Establishing state-based public health surveillance for CO poisoning is feasible and essential for guiding prevention and control efforts. The finding that more than 20% of cases were classified as occupational should be investigated further. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maine Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Environm & Occupat Hlth Unit, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. RP Smith, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maine Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Environm & Occupat Hlth Unit, 286 Water St,SHS 11, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. EM Andrew.E.Smith@maine.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU122452] NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 122 IS 2 BP 145 EP 154 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 135BU UT WOS:000244129600003 PM 17357356 ER PT J AU Chaves, SS Santibanez, TA Gargiullo, P Guris, D AF Chaves, Sandra S. Santibanez, Tammy A. Gargiullo, Paul Guris, Dalya TI Chickenpox exposure and herpes zoster disease incidence in older adults in the US SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; VARICELLA; CHILDREN; VACCINE AB Objectives. Exposure to varicella zoster virus through close contact with people with chickenpox was suggested to boost specific immunity, reducing the risk of herpes zoster (HZ). Since the introduction of the varioella immunization program in the U.S. in 1995, varicella morbidity has decreased substantially. This article examines incidence and risk factors associated with self-reported HZ disease and whether exposure to chickenpox within the previous decade reduces the risk of shingles in this age group. Methods. In 2004, a national random-digit dial telephone survey was used to obtain information on self-reported HZ disease, demographic characteristics, and exposure to children with chickenpox in the past decade. National estimates of the incidence of shingles disease were calculated. Results. Incidence rate of self-reported HZ was 19 per 1,000 population per year. White individuals were 3.5 times more likely to report Shingles than Hispanic individuals (p < 0.01). Previous exposure to chickenpox did not protect against HZ disease in this population. Seven percent of adults >= 65 years of age reported exposure to children with chickenpox in the past decade. Conclusions. Incidence of HZ among individuals >= 65 years of age in the U.S. may be higher than previously described in the literature, with whites being at higher risk for the disease. Currently, the potential contribution of exposure to chickenpox as a mechanism for maintaining cell-mediated immunity against HZ may be limited to a small percentage of the population. Vaccination against HZ may represent the best means of decreasing this disease burden. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chaves, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM schaves@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 122 IS 2 BP 155 EP 159 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 135BU UT WOS:000244129600004 PM 17357357 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Edwards, JR Richards, CL Horan, TC Gaynes, RP Pollock, DA Cardo, DM AF Klevens, R. Monina Edwards, Jonathan R. Richards, Chesley L., Jr. Horan, Teresa C. Gaynes, Robert P. Pollock, Daniel A. Cardo, Denise M. TI Estimating health care-associated infections and deaths in US hospitals, 2002 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; PREVALENCE SURVEYS; ADVERSE EVENTS; DISCHARGE; INJURY AB Objective. The purpose of this study was to provide a national estimate of the number of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and deaths in United States hospitals. Methods. No single source of nationally representative data on HAIs is currently available. The authors used a multi-step approach and three data sources. The main source of data was the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system, data from 1990-2002, conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (for 2002) and the American Hospital Association Survey (for 2000) were used to supplement NNIS data. The percentage of patients with an HAI whose death was determined to be caused or associated with the HAI from NNIS data was used to estimate the number of deaths. Results. In 2002, the estimated number of HAIs in U.S. hospitals, adjusted to include federal facilities, was approximately 1.7 million: 33,269 HAls among newborns in high-risk nurseries, 19,059 among newborns in well-baby nurseries, 417,946 among adults and children in ICUs, and 1,266,851 among adults and children outside of ICUs. The estimated deaths associated with HAIs in U.S. hospitals were 98,987: of these, 35,967 were for pneumonia, 30,665 for bloodstream infections, 13,088 for urinary tract infections, 8,205 for surgical site infections, and 11,062 for infections of other sites. Conclusion. HAls in hospitals are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The method described for estimating the number of HAls makes the best use of existing data at the national level. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Geriatr Med & Gerontol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Atlanta VA Hlth Serv Res & Dev Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 1097 Z9 1126 U1 8 U2 104 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 122 IS 2 BP 160 EP 166 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 135BU UT WOS:000244129600005 PM 17357358 ER PT J AU Blendon, RJ Benson, JM DesRoches, CM Lyon-Daniel, K Mitchell, EW Pollard, WE AF Blendon, Robert J. Benson, John M. DesRoches, Catherine M. Lyon-Daniel, Katherine Mitchell, Elizabeth W. Pollard, William E. TI The public's preparedness for hurricanes in four affected regions SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID KATRINA AB Objectives. The purpose of this article is to look at how prepared people in communities outside the main areas devastated by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita thought they were for those storms and for major hurricanes in the near future, what factors were related to why people did not evacuate, and what concerns people had in communities that took in evacuees from the hurricanes. Methods. Telephone interviews were conducted with randomly selected adults in Baton Rouge, Houston, Dallas, and Mississippi/Alabama (excluding the immediate Gulf Coast) to assess respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about hurricane preparedness and response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Results. The surveys found a sizeable proportion of respondents who might not, for a number of reasons, comply with future orders to evacuate. A substantial proportion reported that they were not prepared for another major hurricane and indicated a desire for more information about how to prepare for future hurricanes. In communities that reported taking in I urge numbers of evacuees, residents expressed concern about the impact of the evacuees on their community. Conclusion. Evacuating communities involves a number of concrete problems that were not adequately addressed in the cases of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Responses to these surveys indicate a need for more comprehensive hurricane disaster planning. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, HArvard Opin Res Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Marketing, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blendon, RJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 677 Huntington Ave,4th Fl, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rblendon@hsph.harvard.edu NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 122 IS 2 BP 167 EP 176 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 135BU UT WOS:000244129600006 PM 17357359 ER PT J AU Green, DR Gaffney, M Devine, O Grosse, SD AF Green, Denise R. Gaffney, Marcus Devine, Owen Grosse, Scott D. TI Determining the effect of newborn hearing screening legislation: An analysis of state hearing screening rates SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMS; LANGUAGE; CHILDREN AB Objective. This study was conducted to determine the effect of state Universal Newborn Hearing Screening legislation on the percentage of infants having their hearing screened within one month of birth. Methods. Hearing screening data for 2000-2003 were obtained from state hearing screening programs. States with Universal Newborn Hearing Screening legislation were categorized according to legislation type and implementation status, and hearing screening rates were compared between states with implemented legislation and states with no legislation. Results. Hearing screening rates among states that implemented Universal Newborn Hearing Screening legislation were significantly higher than rates in no-legislation states throughout the study period, although the mean screening rate among no-legislation states increased substantially from 2000 through 2003. The percentage of states attaining a 95% national screening quality indicator in each year was substantially greater among states with implemented legislation. In 2003, 76% of states with implemented Universal Newborn Hearing Screening legislation reported screening at least 95% of infants, compared with 26% of states without legislation. Although there is a greater likelihood of meeting the national screening target with Universal Newborn Hearing Screening legislation than without, other factors such as collaborative relationships and federal funding can also influence this outcome. Conclusion. State legislation has had a positive effect on hearing screening rates and is one tool states can use to help ensure that infants are screened for hearing loss. C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Green, DR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-87,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dtg0@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 122 IS 2 BP 198 EP 205 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 135BU UT WOS:000244129600009 PM 17357362 ER PT J AU Ballesteros, MF Kresnow, MJ AF Ballesteros, Michael F. Kresnow, Marcie-jo TI Prevalence of residential smoke alarms and fire escape plans in the US: Results from the second injury control and risk survey (ICARIS-2) SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DEATHS AB Objectives. This study was conducted to estimate (1) the proportion of U.S. homes with installed smoke alarms and fire escape plans, and (2) the frequency of testing home smoke alarms and of practicing the fire escape plans. Methods. The authors analyzed data on smoke alarms and fire escape plans from a national cross-sectional random-digit dialed telephone survey of 9,684 households. Results. Ninety-five percent of surveyed households reported at least one installed smoke alarm and 52% had a fire escape plan. The prevalence of alarms varied by educational level, income, and the presence of a child in the home. Only 15% tested their alarms once a month and only 16% of homes with an escape plan reported practicing it every six months. Conclusion. While smoke alarm prevalence in U.S. homes is high, only half of homes have a fire escape plan. Additional emphasis is needed on testing of installed smoke alarms and on preparedness for fire escape plans. C1 Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ballesteros, MF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mballesteros@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 122 IS 2 BP 224 EP 231 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 135BU UT WOS:000244129600012 PM 17357365 ER PT J AU Calvert, GM Petersen, AM Sievert, J Mehler, LN Das, R Harter, LC Romoli, C Becker, A Ball, C Male, D Schwartz, A Lackovic, M AF Calvert, Geoffrey M. Petersen, Ann M. Sievert, Jennifer Mehler, Louise N. Das, Rupali Harter, Lucy C. Romoli, Cinzia Becker, Alan Ball, Cynthia Male, Dorilee Schwartz, Abby Lackovic, Michelle TI Acute pesticide poisoning in the US retail industry, 1998-2004 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objective. This study was conducted to describe the national magnitude and characteristics of acute pesticide poisoning among workers and customers in retail establishments. Methods. Analyses included retail employees 15-64 years of age and customers with acute pesticide poisoning identified from the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks-Pesticides (SENSOR-Pesticides) and California Department of Pesticide Regulation from 1998 to 2004. Pesticide poisoning incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated. Results. A total of 325 cases of acute pesticide poisoning were identified. Of these cases, 287 (88%) were retail employees and 38 (12%) were customers. Overall, retail employees had a significantly lower acute pesticide poisoning incidence rate compared with non-agricultural, non-retail employees (IRR=0.53; 95% confidence interval 0.47, 0.59). However, significantly elevated pesticide poisoning incidence rates were observed for four retail occupations (janitors, stock hand lers/baggers, bakery/deli clerks, and shipping/receiving handlers). In addition, workers employed in two retail industry sectors (farm supply stores and hardware stores) had significantly elevated acute pesticide poisoning incidence rates. Incidence rates among the retail employees demonstrated a quadratic trend, monotonically decreasing from 1998 to 2000 and monotonically increasing from 2000 to 2003. The rates appear to have leveled off in 2003 and 2004. Conclusions. Preventive measures to decrease acute pesticide poisoning incidence in the retail sector include adoption of unbreakable and tear-resistant container requirements, increased utilization of integrated pest management strategies, and advisement to store managers, employees, and customers about poisoning prevention. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Environm & Injury Epidemiol & Toxicol Branch, Austin, TX USA. California Environm Protect Agcy, Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Occupat Hlth Branch, Oakland, CA USA. Washinton State Dep Hlth, Off Environm Hlth & Safety, Olympia, WA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Community Environm Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth, Dept Occupat Hlth Sci, Tyler, TX USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Occupat Hlth, Troy, NY USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Lansing, MI USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM jac6@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 122 IS 2 BP 232 EP 244 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 135BU UT WOS:000244129600013 PM 17357366 ER PT J AU Skarupski, KA de Leon, CFM Bienias, JL Scherr, PA Zack, MM Moriarty, DG Evans, DA AF Skarupski, Kimberly A. de Leon, Carlos F. Mendes Bienias, Julia L. Scherr, Paul A. Zack, Matthew M. Moriarty, David G. Evans, Denis A. TI Black-white differences in health-related quality of life among older adults SO QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE health-related quality of life; older age; quality of life; racial differences ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; CARE UTILIZATION; SERVICE UTILIZATION; URBAN-COMMUNITY; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; RACE AB Very little information exists on racial differences in quality of life among older adults. In this paper, we examine black-white differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and identify factors that may account for these differences. The participants were 5,986 community-dwelling persons age 65+ (62% black at baseline) from the Chicago Health and Aging Project. Poor HRQOL was defined as having 14 or more self-reported physically or mentally unhealthy days over the past 30 days. A higher proportion of blacks (11.0%) than whites (9.7%) reported poor HRQOL. After adjusting for age and sex, blacks had increased odds of reporting poor HRQOL compared with whites (odds ratio [OR] = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.50-1.98). The black-white differences in HRQOL tended to increase with age (p < 0.05) and were greater among females (p < 0.05). Lifetime socioeconomic status, summary measures of medical conditions, and cognitive function accounted for most of the black-white difference (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.89-1.27). Our results suggest that racial differences in HRQOL are associated with the combined effects of social disadvantage, poor physical health, and lower cognitive function. C1 Rush Univ, Ctr Med, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Rush Univ, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Skarupski, KA (reprint author), Rush Univ, Ctr Med, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, 1645 W Jackson,Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM Kimberly_Sharupski@rush.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG11101]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES10902] NR 80 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-9343 J9 QUAL LIFE RES JI Qual. Life Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s11136-006-9115-y PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 124VR UT WOS:000243399100011 PM 17033898 ER PT J AU Schubauer-Berigan, MK Daniels, RD Fleming, DA AF Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K. Daniels, Robert D. Fleming, Donald A. TI Risk of leukemia at low doses: The NIOSH multi-site leukemia case-control study SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Statistical-Association-Conference on Radiation and Health CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc ID US NUCLEAR WORKERS; RADIATION-EXPOSURE; CANCER-MORTALITY; NAVAL SHIPYARD; FACILITIES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat & Safety & Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 167 IS 3 BP 344 EP 345 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 145PI UT WOS:000244876600017 ER PT J AU Marrazzo, JM Ellen, JM Kent, C Gaydos, C Chapin, J Dunne, EF Rietmeijer, CA AF Marrazzo, Jeanne M. Ellen, Jonathan M. Kent, Charlotte Gaydos, Charlotte Chapin, Johanna Dunne, Eileen F. Rietmeijer, Cornelis A. TI Acceptability of urine-based screening for Chlamydia trachomatis to asymptomatic young men and their providers SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; ADOLESCENTS; GONORRHEA; PROGRAMS; RECRUITS; FEATURES AB Objective: The objective of this study was to describe acceptability of urine chlamydia testing among asymptomatic men and providers' attitudes toward testing. Study Design: Asymptomatic men (no urethral discharge/dysuria) were offered free testing and characteristics of men who accepted were compared with those who declined. Acceptability logs tallied the proportion who accepted, and a standardized survey was administered to providers at study's end. Results: Median acceptance was 64% (range, 8-100%). Men accepting were younger and more likely to be in adolescent primary care or detention. to report higher numbers of recent partners, no prior sexually transmitted disease, time to last healthcare visit > 1 year, and to have received an incentive. Provider-reported barriers to testing included difficulty in conveying importance of testing to asymptomatic men (65%) and time constraints (24%). Conclusions: Asymptomatic men are likely to accept testing depending on venue and approach. However, barriers exist for men and providers. even when testing is free. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. RP Marrazzo, JM (reprint author), Harborview Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 325 9th Ave,Mailbox 359931, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM jmm2@u.washington.edu RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010; OI Marrazzo, Jeanne/0000-0002-9277-7364 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 34 IS 3 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000230438.12636.eb PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 142OO UT WOS:000244659600006 PM 16924180 ER PT J AU Fenton, KA Wasserheit, JN AF Fenton, Kevin A. Wasserheit, Judith N. TI The courage to learn from our failures: Syphilis control in men who have sex with men SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; HIV-INFECTION; GAY; BEHAVIORS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preve, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Fenton, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preve, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Kif2@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 34 IS 3 BP 162 EP 165 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000259398.70789.c6 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 142OO UT WOS:000244659600008 PM 17325602 ER PT J AU Tao, GY Tian, LH Peterman, TA AF Tao, Guoyu Tian, Lin H. Peterman, Thomas A. TI Estimating chlamydia screening rates by using reported sexually transmitted disease tests for sexually active women aged 16 to 25 years in the United States SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) screening rates by using reported sexually transmitted disease (STD) tests for sexually active women aged 16 to 25 years in the U.S. general population. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Women were classified as sexually active if they reported having at least one male sex partner in the 12 months before the interview date. Women were classified as tested if they reported being tested for STDs by a healthcare provider in the preceding 12 months. Results: Of 2,563 sampled women aged 16 to 25 years, 75% were estimated to be sexually active. Of sexually active women, 42% reported they had been tested for STDs and 73% reported they had received Pap smears or pelvic examinations in the preceding 12 months. Conclusions: Even if all women tested for STDs were screened for CT, only 42% of sexually active women aged 16 to 25 years would have been screened for CT. CT screening rates could be significantly increased if CT tests were performed when women had Pap smears or pelvic examinations, because most sexually active women have routine Pap smears or pelvic examinations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tao, GY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gat3@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 34 IS 3 BP 180 EP 182 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000230437.79119.31 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 142OO UT WOS:000244659600012 PM 16865052 ER PT J AU White, SS Calafat, AM Kuklenyik, Z Villanueva, L Zehr, RD Helfant, L Strynar, MJ Lindstrom, AB Thibodeaux, JR Wood, C Fenton, SE AF White, Sally S. Calafat, Antonia M. Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna Villanueva, LaTonya Zehr, Robert D. Helfant, Laurence Strynar, Mark J. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Thibodeaux, Julie R. Wood, Carmen Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Gestational PFOA exposure of mice is associated with altered mammary gland development in dams and female offspring SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mammary gland; PFOA; lactation; development; pregnancy ID PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; IN-UTERO; RAT; FLUOROCHEMICALS; GROWTH; MOUSE; TRANSPORT AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), with diverse and widespread commercial and industrial applications, has been detected in human and wildlife sera. Previous mouse studies linked prenatal PFOA exposure to decreased neonatal body weights (BWs) and survival in a dose-dependent manner. To determine whether effects were linked to gestational time of exposure or to subsequent lactational changes, timed-pregnant CD-1 mice were orally dosed with 5 mg PFOA/kg on gestation days (GD) 1-17, 8-17, 12-17, or vehicle on GD 1-17. PFOA exposure had no effect on maternal weight gain or number of live pups born. Mean pup BWs on postnatal day (PND) 1 in all PFOA-exposed groups were significantly reduced and decrements persisted until weaning. Mammary glands from lactating dams and female pups on PND 10 and 20 were scored based on differentiation or developmental stages. A significant reduction in mammary differentiation among dams exposed GD 1-17 or 8-17 was evident on PND 10. On PND 20, delays in normal epithelial involution and alterations in milk protein gene expression were observed. All exposed female pups displayed stunted mammary epithelial branching and growth at PND 10 and 20. While control litters at PND 10 and 20 had average scores of 3.1 and 3.3, respectively, all treated litters had scores of 1.7 or less, with no progression of duct epithelial growth evident over time. BW was an insignificant covariate for these effects. These findings suggest that in addition to gestational exposure, abnormal lactational development of dams may play a role in early growth retardation of developmentally exposed offspring. C1 US EPA, Reprod Technol Div, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, ORD, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Technol Div, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-67,2525 E Highway 54, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fenton.suzanne@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5-T32ES001726-22] NR 34 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 96 IS 1 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl177 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 136ZP UT WOS:000244262900015 PM 17132714 ER PT J AU Walia, R Montoya, JG Visvesvera, GS Booton, GC Doyle, RL AF Walia, R. Montoya, J. G. Visvesvera, G. S. Booton, G. C. Doyle, R. L. TI A case of successful treatment of cutaneous Acanthamoeba infection in a lung transplant recipient SO TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Acanthamoeba; granulomatous dermatitis; lung transplant; amphotericin B; voriconazole ID AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; PATIENT; AIDS AB Acanthamoeba species are known to cause 2 well-described entities: (1) granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), which usually affects immunocompromised hosts, and (2) keratitis, which typically follows trauma associated with contamination of water or contact lenses. Less common manifestations include pneumonitis and a subacute granulomatous dermatitis. We describe a case of granulomatous dermatitis secondary to Acanthamoeba infection in a lung transplant recipient and a successful outcome following treatment with lipid formulation of amphotericin B and voriconazole. We believe this is the second case report describing disseminated Acanthamoeba infection in a lung transplant recipient. We also describe successful outcome with a combination of lipid formulation of amphotericin B and voriconazole, drugs that have not been previously reported to treat Acanthamoeba. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Walia, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd,Room M-452, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM rwalia1973@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1398-2273 J9 TRANSPL INFECT DIS JI Transpl. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2006.00159.x PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Transplantation SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Transplantation GA 146TJ UT WOS:000244957300011 PM 17313473 ER PT J AU van Eijk, AM Ayisi, JG Slutsker, L ter Kuile, FO Rosen, DH Otieno, JA Shi, YP Kager, PA Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL AF van Eijk, Anna M. Ayisi, John G. Slutsker, Laurence ter Kuile, Feiko O. Rosen, Daniel H. Otieno, Juliana A. Shi, Ya-Ping Kager, Piet A. Steketee, Richard W. Nahlen, Bernard L. TI Effect of haematinic supplementation and malaria prevention on maternal anaemia and malaria in western Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE anaemia; pregnancy; malaria; haematinic supplementation; sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; Kenya ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; HIV-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE; STRATEGIES; TANZANIA AB OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of routine antenatal haematinic supplementation programmes and intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in Kenya. METHODS Anaemia [haemoglobin (Hb) < 11 g/dl), severe anaemia (Hb < 8 g/dl) and placental malaria were compared among women with known HIV status who delivered at a provincial hospital after study enrolment in the third trimester during three consecutive periods: period 1, no routine intervention (reference); period 2, routine haematinic supplementation (60 mg elementary iron three times/day, folic acid 5 mg once daily) and period 3, haematinics and IPT with SP. RESULTS Among 3108 participants, prevalence of placental malaria, anaemia and severe anaemia postpartum was 16.7%, 53.6% and 12.7%, respectively. Compared with period 1, women in period 2 were less anaemic [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval anaemia: 0.56, 0.47-0.67; severe anaemia 0.37, 0.28-0.49] and shared a similar prevalence of placental malaria (AOR 1.07, 0.86-1.32). Women in period 3 were also less anaemic (AOR anaemia: 0.43, 0.35-0.53 and severe anaemia: 0.43, 0.31-0.59), and had less placental malaria (AOR 0.56, 0.42-0.73). The effect of intervention did not differ significantly by HIV status. CONCLUSION The haematinic supplementation programme was associated with significant reductions in anaemia in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women. The subsequent introduction of IPT was associated with halving of malaria, but no additional haematological benefit over haematinics. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Aids Program, Harare, Zimbabwe. Kenya Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. Global Fund Fight AIDS TB & Malaria, Vernier, Switzerland. RP van Eijk, AM (reprint author), 172 Herbert Chitepo Rd, Harare, Zimbabwe. EM vaneijka@zimcdc.co.zw OI ter Kuile, Feiko/0000-0003-3663-5617 NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 12 IS 3 BP 342 EP 352 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01787.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 138CU UT WOS:000244341500005 PM 17313505 ER PT J AU Lowrance, D Filler, S Makombe, S Harries, A Aberle-Grasse, J Hochgesang, M Libamba, E AF Lowrance, David Filler, Scott Makombe, Simon Harries, Anthony Aberle-Grasse, John Hochgesang, Mindy Libamba, Edwin TI Assessment of a national monitoring and evaluation system for rapid expansion of antiretroviral treatment in Malawi SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral treatment; monitoring and evaluation; rapid expansion; resource-constrained setting; Malawi ID RESOURCE-POOR SETTINGS; THERAPY AB OBJECTIVES Monitoring and evaluation of national antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs is vital, but routine, standardized assessment of national ART patient monitoring systems has not been established. Malawi has undertaken an ambitious ART scale-up effort, with over 57 000 patients initiated on ART by June 2006. We assessed the national ART monitoring and evaluation system in Malawi to ensure that the response to the epidemic was being monitored efficiently and effectively, and that data collected were useful. METHODS The evaluation, performed in August 2005, generally followed the Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems (CDC) and Interim Patient Monitoring Guidelines for HIV Care and ART (WHO). Assessment was conducted with qualitative methods, including twelve ART site visits, with standardized key informant interviews with ART clinic coordinators, clinical staff, and data managers, at each site. Meetings were also held with key governmental stakeholders, including Ministry of Health and National AIDS Commission. RESULTS The national monitoring and evaluation system devised by the Ministry of Health HIV/AIDS Unit is successful in achieving its objectives, and facilitates important aspects of the national response to HIV. Several basic changes in the data collection tools and system would facilitate more effective long-term assessment of the ART program and support improved patient care. As the number of ART sites and patients continues to expand, the current manual paper-based system may be overwhelmed. Identification and implementation of a feasible electronic data system that would maintain and improve data quality and the efficiency of data recording and reporting and enhance patient care is a priority. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of ART monitoring and evaluation systems can optimize the effectiveness of national ART programs, and should be considered in other resource-constrained countries rapidly scaling up ART. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Care & Treatment Branch, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth, Clin HIV Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. Family Hlth Int, Arlington, VA USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Lowrance, D (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Care & Treatment Branch, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 7 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 12 IS 3 BP 377 EP 381 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01800.x PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 138CU UT WOS:000244341500009 PM 17313509 ER PT J AU Hausdorff, WP Hajjeh, R Al-Mazrou, A Shibl, A Soriano-Gabarro, M AF Hausdorff, William P. Hajjeh, Rana Al-Mazrou, Abdulrahman Shibl, Atef Soriano-Gabarro, Montse TI The epidemiology of pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Haemophilus disease in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region - Current status and needs SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE pneumonia; meningitis; surveillance; Middle East ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; INVASIVE DISEASE; SAUDI-ARABIA; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION; OTITIS-MEDIA; CHILDREN AB Information about the burden and epidemiological characteristics of meningitis and other invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis is of great value to healthcare decision makers to prioritize public health interventions. A group of regional experts in the Eastern Mediterranean and North African regions formed the MENA Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Regional Advisory Group to collate and discuss such information on an annual basis. This paper provides an up-to-date summary of the available epidemiological data regarding these pathogens in these regions. In doing so, it highlights the need for additional surveillance studies to better measure the burden of these diseases, as well as the potential impact of introduction of new vaccines against these pathogens. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 GlaxoSmithKline Biol, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. King Saud Univ, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. King Fahad Med City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Hausdorff, WP (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rue Inst 89, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium. EM william.p.hausdorff@gsk.com NR 42 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1935 EP 1944 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.018 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 146PZ UT WOS:000244948100003 PM 17241707 ER PT J AU Benedict, MQ Levine, RS Hawley, WA Lounibos, LP AF Benedict, Mark Q. Levine, Rebecca S. Hawley, William A. Lounibos, L. Philip TI Spread of the tiger: Global risk of invasion by the mosquito Aedes albopictus SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STEGOMYIA ALBOPICTUS; 1ST RECORD; NORTH-AMERICA; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; SKUSE; POPULATIONS; BRAZIL; TIRES; EGGS AB Aedes albopictus, commonly known as the Asian tiger mosquito, is currently the most invasive mosquito in the world. It is of medical importance due to its aggressive daytime human-biting behavior and ability to vector many viruses, including dengue, LaCrosse, and West Nile. Invasions into new areas of its potential range are often initiated through the transportation of eggs via the international trade in used tires. We use a genetic algorithm, Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production (GARP), to determine the ecological niche of Ae. albopictus and predict a global ecological risk map for the continued spread of the species. We combine this analysis with risk due to importation of tires from infested countries and their proximity to countries that have already been invaded to develop a list of countries most at risk for future introductions and establishments. Methods used here have potential for predicting risks of future invasions of vectors or pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL USA. RP Benedict, MQ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-42, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mbenedict@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI-44793, R01 AI044793, R01 AI044793-01, R01 AI044793-02, R01 AI044793-03, R01 AI044793-04, R01 AI044793-05A2, R01 AI044793-06] NR 44 TC 396 Z9 422 U1 28 U2 109 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 76 EP 85 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.0562 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 154TX UT WOS:000245531800010 PM 17417960 ER PT J AU Lin, JH Chiu, SC Shaw, MW Lin, YC Lee, CH Chen, HY Klimov, A AF Lin, Jih-Hui Chiu, Shu-Chun Shaw, Michael W. Lin, Yung-Cheng Lee, Cheng-Hao Chen, Hour-Yung Klimov, Alexander TI Characterization of the epidemic influenza B viruses isolated during 2004-2005 season in Taiwan SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE influenza B virus; antigenic surveillance; genetic characterization; Taiwan ID LABORATORY-BASED SURVEILLANCE; COCIRCULATING LINEAGES; EVOLUTIONARY PATTERN; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; UNITED-STATES; REASSORTMENT; STRAINS; DELETION; WINTER; JAPAN AB To characterize the antigenic and genetic relationships of influenza B viruses isolated during the 2004-2005 season, a total of 11,707 clinical respiratory samples were tested of which 1572 (13.5%) were positive for influenza (463 type A and 1109 type B influenza). Of the type B viruses, 348 isolates collected in different parts of Taiwan were further analyzed. Viruses belonging to both influenza B lineages, B/Yamagata/16/88 (B/Yam) and B/Victoris/2/87 (B/Vic) were detected, although an increasing number of B/Vic lineage isolates was obtained as the season progressed. Recent B/Vic-lineage isolates were found to have additional amino acid substitutions compared to isolates from previous seasons, indicating that viruses of this lineage continue to evolve significantly and may have the capacity to become the dominant influenza B viruses worldwide. Results presented in this report demonstrate that antigenically and genetically distinct viruses within both B/Vic and B/Yam lineages co-circulate and that reassortment among these two lineages occurs frequently contributing to the genetic diversity of the circulating strains. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Res & Lab, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lin, JH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Res & Lab, 161 Kun Yang St, Taipei, Taiwan. EM jeffy320@cdc.gov.tw NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.11.005 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 146HK UT WOS:000244924900023 PM 17196288 ER PT J AU Cox, S Johnson, CH Meikle, S Jamieson, DJ Posner, SF AF Cox, Shanna Johnson, Chris H. Meikle, Susan Jamieson, Denise J. Posner, Samuel F. TI Trends in rates of hospitalization with a diagnosis of substance abuse among reproductive-age women, 1998 to 2003 SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; USE DISORDERS; SERVICES UTILIZATION; BINGE DRINKING; DRUG-USE; ALCOHOL; PREGNANCY; ADULTS; RISK; CARE AB Objective. To describe trends in hospitalizations with a diagnosis of substance abuse among reproductive-age women from 1998-2003. Methods. Data were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Hospitalizations with a diagnosis of substance abuse were categorized into subgroups by age, primary expected payer, substance-specific diagnoses, concomitance, and hospital location. Trends in hospitalization rates per 100,000 women aged 15-44 were tested using a weighted least-squares method. Results. From 1998-2003, there was no change in the overall rate of hospitalization with a diagnosis of substance abuse among women aged 15-44. Alcohol abuse was the most common substance-specific diagnosis. The rate of hospitalization with a diagnosis of cocaine abuse decreased 22%; for a diagnosis of cannabis abuse, the rate increased 35%. The rate of hospitalization with a diagnosis of amphetamine abuse doubled from 1998-2003. Among women aged 15-24, the rate of hospitalization with a diagnosis of substance abuse increased 23%. Conclusion. Although we did not observe a change in the overall rate of substance-abuse hospitalization among reproductive-age women, there were dramatic changes in the rate of substance-specific diagnoses. These data may be used to quantify emerging trends in substance abuse and promote the use of hospital-based interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. EM cio8@cdc.gov RI Cox, Shanna/F-4806-2011; OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.001 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 158IZ UT WOS:000245786500002 PM 17403464 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, A Budnitz, D Shehab, N Cohen, A AF Srinivasan, A. Budnitz, D. Shehab, N. Cohen, A. CA CDC TI Infant deaths associated with cough and cold medications - Two states, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1-4, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 28 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 8 BP 800 EP 801 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 140DS UT WOS:000244485000010 ER PT J AU Robbins, JM Bird, TM Tilford, JM Cleves, MA Hobbs, CA Grosse, SD Correa, A AF Robbins, J. M. Bird, T. M. Tilford, J. M. Cleves, M. A. Hobbs, C. A. Grosse, S. D. Correa, A. CA CDC TI Hospital stays, hospital charges, and in- hospital deaths among infants with selected birth defects - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 25-29, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Arkansas Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Robbins, JM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Arkansas Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 28 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 8 BP 802 EP 803 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 140DS UT WOS:000244485000011 ER PT J AU Dunne, EF Unger, ER Sternberg, M McQuillan, G Swan, DC Patel, SS Markowitz, LE AF Dunne, Eileen F. Unger, Elizabeth R. Sternberg, Maya McQuillan, Geraldine Swan, David C. Patel, Sonya S. Markowitz, Lauri E. TI Prevalence of HPV infection among females in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SELF-COLLECTED SAMPLES; CERVICAL-CANCER; YOUNG-WOMEN; POPULATION; TYPE-16; SEROPREVALENCE; ACCEPTABILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Context Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted infection. Baseline population prevalence data for HPV infection in the United States before widespread availability of a prophylactic HPV vaccine would be useful. Objective To determine the prevalence of HPV among females in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES) uses a representative sample of the US noninstitutionalized civilian population. Females aged 14 to 59 years who were interviewed at home for NHANES 2003-2004 were examined in a mobile examination center and provided a self-collected vaginal swab specimen. Swabs were analyzed for HPV DNA by L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction followed by type-specific hybridization. Demographic and sexual behavior information was obtained from all participants. Main Outcome Measures HPV prevalence by polymerase chain reaction. Results The overall HPV prevalence was 26.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.3%-30.9%) among US females aged 14 to 59 years (n= 1921). HPV prevalence was 24.5% ( 95% CI, 19.6%-30.5%) among females aged 14 to 19 years, 44.8% ( 95% CI, 36.3%-55.3%) among women aged 20 to 24 years, 27.4% ( 95% CI, 21.9%-34.2%) among women aged 25 to 29 years, 27.5% ( 95% CI, 20.8%-36.4%) among women aged 30 to 39 years, 25.2% ( 95% CI, 19.7%-32.2%) among women aged 40 to 49 years, and 19.6% (95% CI, 14.3%-26.8%) among women aged 50 to 59 years. There was a statistically significant trend for increasing HPV prevalence with each year of age from 14 to 24 years ( P <. 001), followed by a gradual decline in prevalence through 59 years (P=. 06). HPV vaccine types 6 and 11 (low-risk types) and 16 and 18 (high-risk types) were detected in 3.4% of female participants; HPV-6 was detected in 1.3% ( 95% CI, 0.8%-2.3%), HPV-11 in 0.1% ( 95% CI, 0.03%-0.3%), HPV-16 in 1.5% ( 95% CI, 0.9%-2.6%), and HPV-18 in 0.8% ( 95% CI, 0.4%-1.5%) of female participants. Independent risk factors for HPV detection were age, marital status, and increasing numbers of lifetime and recent sex partners. Conclusions HPV is common among females in the United States. Our data indicate that the burden of prevalent HPV infection among females was greater than previous estimates and was highest among those aged 20 to 24 years. However, the prevalence of HPV vaccine types was relatively low. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Dunne, EF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dde9@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 33 TC 747 Z9 770 U1 7 U2 31 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 28 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 8 BP 813 EP 819 DI 10.1001/jama.297.8.813 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 140DS UT WOS:000244485000024 PM 17327523 ER PT J AU Ard, J Butsch, S Howard, VJ Michael, M Croft, J Howard, G AF Ard, Jamy Butsch, Scott Howard, Virginia J. Michael, Max Croft, Janet Howard, George TI The national prevalence of healthy lifestyles is low and varies by race and geographic region SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent, Council Nutr, Phys Activ & Metabolism, Natl Heart, Lung & Blood Inst C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 8 BP E280 EP E280 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 140CY UT WOS:000244482200331 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Capewell, S AF Ford, Earl S. Capewell, Simon TI Coronary heart disease mortality among young adults in the United States from 1980 through 2002: Unfavorable developments in recent years SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent, Council Nutr, Phys Activ & Metabolism, Natl Heart, Lung & Blood Inst C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 8 BP E292 EP E292 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 140CY UT WOS:000244482200387 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Li, CY Cook, S Choi, HK AF Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Cook, Stephen Choi, Hyon K. TI Serum concentrations of uric acid and the metabolic syndrome among US children and adolescents SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent, Council Nutr, Phys Activ & Metabolism, Natl Heart, Lung & Blood Inst C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Dent Med, Rochester, NY USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 8 BP E234 EP E234 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 140CY UT WOS:000244482200108 ER PT J AU Hayes, DK Grumman, N Fan, AZ Fang, J Keenan, NL Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB AF Hayes, Donald K. Grumman, Northrop Fan, Amy Z. Fang, Jing Keenan, Nora L. Greenlund, Kurt J. Croft, Janet B. TI Increased hospitalizations for any-listed cardiomyopathy in 2003-2004 vs 1989-1990 despite decline in first-listed rates SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent, Council Nutr, Phys Activ & Metabolism, Natl Heart, Lung & Blood Inst C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 8 BP E293 EP E293 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 140CY UT WOS:000244482200392 ER PT J AU Schieb, L Ayala, C Shoob, H McClellan, W AF Schieb, Linda Ayala, Carma Shoob, Hylan McClellan, William TI Relationship of poverty status to diuretic use only among Mexican-American hypertensives: NHANES, 1999-2002 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent, Council Nutr, Phys Activ & Metabolism, Natl Heart, Lung & Blood Inst C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 8 BP E256 EP E256 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 140CY UT WOS:000244482200214 ER PT J AU Valderrama, AL Ayala, C Keenan, NL McGruder, HF Croft, JB AF Valderrama, Amy L. Ayala, Carma Keenan, Nora L. McGruder, Henraya F. Croft, Janet B. TI Knowledge of pulse-checking, irregular heart beats, and risk for stroke: HealthStyles, 2005 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent, Council Nutr, Phys Activ & Metabolism, Natl Heart, Lung & Blood Inst C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 8 BP E290 EP E290 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 140CY UT WOS:000244482200378 ER PT J AU Walker, ED Thibault, AR Thelen, AP Bullard, BA Huang, J Odiere, MR Bayoh, NM Wilkins, EE Vulule, JM AF Walker, Edward D. Thibault, Alisha R. Thelen, Annette P. Bullard, Blair A. Huang, Juan Odiere, Maurice R. Bayoh, Nabie M. Wilkins, Elizabeth E. Vulule, John M. TI Identification of field caught Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis by TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; WESTERN KENYA; MOLECULAR-FORMS; COMPLEX; MOSQUITOS; CULICIDAE; VILLAGE; DIPTERA; PROBES; ASSAY AB Background: Identification of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis from field-collected Anopheles gambiae s.l. is often necessary in basic and applied research, and in operational control programmes. The currently accepted method involves use of standard polymerase chain reaction amplification of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from the 3' 28S to 5' intergenic spacer region of the genome, and visual confirmation of amplicons of predicted size on agarose gels, after electrophoresis. This report describes development and evaluation of an automated, quantitative PCR method based upon TaqMan(TM) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. Methods: Standard PCR, and TaqMan SNP genotyping with newly designed primers and fluorophore-labeled probes hybridizing to sequences of complementary rDNA specific for either An. gambiae s.s. or An. arabiensis, were conducted in three experiments involving field-collected An. gambiae s.l. from western Kenya, and defined laboratory strains. DNA extraction was from a single leg, sonicated for five minutes in buffer in wells of 96-well PCR plates. Results: TaqMan SNP genotyping showed a reaction success rate, sensitivity, and species specificity comparable to that of standard PCR. In an extensive field study, only 29 of 3,041 (0.95%) were determined to be hybrids by TaqMan (i.e., having rDNA sequences from both species), however, all but one were An. arabiensis by standard PCR, suggesting an acceptably low (ca. 1%) error rate for TaqMan genotyping in mistakenly identifying species hybrids. Conclusion: TaqMan SNP genotyping proved to be a sensitive and rapid method for identification of An. gambiae s.l. and An. arabiensis, with a high success rate, specific results, and congruence with the standard PCR method. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Malaria Res & Reference Reagent Resource Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Walker, ED (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM walker@msu.edu; thibaul4@msu.edu; thelena@msu.edu; bullard1@msu.edu; huangju@msu.edu; maurice.odiere@mail.mcgill.ca; nbayoh@ke.cdc.gov; ewilkins@cdc.gov; jvulule@kisian.mimcom.net FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI50703, AI058542, R01 AI050703, U01 AI058542] NR 29 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 6 AR 23 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-6-23 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 143SB UT WOS:000244743500001 PM 17326831 ER PT J AU Semenova, VA Schmidt, DS Taylor, TH Li, H Steward-Clark, E Soroka, SD Ballard, MM Quinn, CP AF Semenova, V. A. Schmidt, D. S. Taylor, T. H., Jr. Li, H. Steward-Clark, E. Soroka, S. D. Ballard, M. M. Quinn, C. P. TI Analysis of anti-protective antigen IgG subclass distribution in recipients of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) and patients with cutaneous and inhalation anthrax SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE AVA; BioThrax (R); anti-PA antibody; IgG subclasses; anthrax; Bacillus anthracis ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; LETHAL FACTOR; GUINEA-PIGS; INFECTION; TOXIN; COMPONENTS; INDIVIDUALS AB The anti-PA IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 subclass responses to clinical anthrax and to different numbers of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA, BioThrax((R))) injections were determined in a cross-sectional study of sera from 63 vaccinees and 13 clinical anthrax patients. The data show that both vaccination with three AVA injections and clinical anthrax elicit anti-PA IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 subclass responses. An anti-PA IgG4 response was detected in AVA recipients after the fourth injection. The anthrax lethal toxin (LTx) neutralization efficacy of sera from recipients who received 4 to > 10 AVA injections did not vary significantly in relation to changes in distribution of anti-PA IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Lab Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Semenova, VA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Lab Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mail Stop D-01,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vsemenova@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 26 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1780 EP 1788 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.028 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 142IL UT WOS:000244642700010 PM 17229495 ER PT J AU Fine, DL Roberts, BA Teehee, ML Terpening, SJ Kelly, CLH Raetz, JL Baker, DC Powers, AM Bowen, RA AF Fine, Donald L. Roberts, Brian A. Teehee, Max L. Terpening, Sara J. Kelly, Cindy L. H. Raetz, Janae L. Baker, Dale C. Powers, Ann M. Bowen, Richard A. TI Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vaccine candidate (V3526) safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in horses SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus; equines; vaccines ID ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; STRAINS; MICE; PROTECTION; INFECTION; MUTATIONS; RESPONSES; DURATION; MUTANTS; C3H/HEN AB A new vaccine, V3526, is a live-attenuated virus derived by site-directed mutagenesis from a virulent clone of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) IA/B Trinidad donkey (TrD) strain, intended for human use in protection against Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE). Two studies were conducted in horses to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, ability to boost and protective efficacy of V3526 against challenges of TrD and VEEV IE 64A99. Horses were vaccinated subcutaneously (SC) with 10(7), 10(5), 10(3) or 10(2) plaque-forming units (pfu) of V3526. Control horses were sham immunized. In the first study, challenge viruses (TrD or 64A99) were administered SC 28 days post-vaccination (PV). No viremia and only mild fluctuation in white blood cell counts were observed PV. None of the V3526 vaccinated horses showed clinical signs of disease or pathology of VEE post-challenge (PC). In contrast, control horses challenged SC with 10(4) pfu TrD, became viremic and showed classical signs of VEE beginning on Day 3 PC, including elevated body temperature, anorexia, leukopenia and malaise. Moderate to severe encephalitis was found in three of five control horses challenged with TrD. Control horses challenged with 64A99 failed to develop detectable viremia, but did exhibit a brief febrile episode at 1-3 days PC. None of the 10 immunized horses challenged with 64A99 became pyrexic. Twenty four of 25 horses immunized with V3526 in the first study developed serum neutralizing antibody to TrD and 64A99 within 14 days PV. Vaccinations with V3526, at doses as low as 10(2) pfu, were safe and efficacious in protecting horses against a virulent TrD virus challenge. The second study supported that repeat dosing resulted in an increase in serum neutralizing antibody to TrD. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 DynPort Vaccine Co LLC, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Mat Dev Act, Regulatiry Affairs Div, Regulated Syst Validat Branch, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Immunol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Fine, DL (reprint author), DynPort Vaccine Co LLC, 64 CSC Co,64 Thomas Johnson Dr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM dfine@csc.com NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 26 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1868 EP 1876 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.10.030 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 142IL UT WOS:000244642700020 PM 17240002 ER PT J AU Dayan, G Redd, S Rota, P Rota, J Bellini, W Gould, P AF Dayan, G. Redd, S. Rota, P. Rota, J. Bellini, W. Gould, P. CA CDC TI Measles - United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1348-1351, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dayan, G (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 21 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 7 BP 687 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 137KI UT WOS:000244291100007 ER PT J AU Hebert, PL Sisk, JE AF Hebert, Paul L. Sisk, Jane E. TI Health literacy and heart failure care in minority communities - Reply SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10025 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20817 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Hyattsville, MD 20817 USA. RP Hebert, PL (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10025 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD FEB 20 PY 2007 VL 146 IS 4 BP 312 EP 312 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 137CS UT WOS:000244271000012 ER PT J AU Ashley, K Agrawal, A Cronin, J Tonazzi, J McCleskey, TM Burrell, AK Ehler, DS AF Ashley, Kevin Agrawal, Anoop Cronin, John Tonazzi, Juan McCleskey, T. Mark Burrell, Anthony K. Ehler, Deborah S. TI Ultra-trace determination of beryllium in occupational hygiene samples by ammonium bifluoride extraction and fluorescence detection using hydroxybenzoquinoline sulfonate SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE air monitoring; beryllium; extraction; fluorescence; trace analysis; workplace ID DISEASE; ALUMINUM; SENSOR AB A highly sensitive molecular fluorescence method for measuring ultra-trace levels of beryllium has been previously described. The method entails extraction of beryllium workplace samples by 1% ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2, aqueous), followed by fluorescence detection using hydroxybenzoquinoline sulfonate (HBQS). In this work, modification of the existing procedure resulted in a significant improvement in detection power, thereby enabling ultra-trace determination of beryllium in air filter and surface wipe samples. Such low detection limits may be necessary in view of expected decreases in applicable occupational exposure limits (OELs) for beryllium. Attributes of the modified NH4HF2 extraction/HBQS fluorescence method include method detection limits (MDLs) of < 0.8 ng to approximate to 2 ng Be per sample (depending on the fluorometer used), quantitative recoveries from beryllium oxide, a dynamic range of several orders of magnitude, and freedom from interferences. Other key advantages of the technique are field portability, relatively low cost, and high sample throughput. The method performance compares favorably with that of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Berylliant Inc, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-7, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM kashley@cdc.gov RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011; McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; OI Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD FEB 19 PY 2007 VL 584 IS 2 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.11.066 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 138TR UT WOS:000244386000007 PM 17386616 ER PT J AU Sable, SB Plikaytis, BB Shinnick, TA AF Sable, Suraj B. Plikaytis, Bonnie B. Shinnick, Thomas A. TI Tuberculosis subunit vaccine development: Impact of physicochemical properties of mycobacterial test antigens SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE tuberculosis; physicochemical properties; subunit vaccine ID T-CELL RESPONSES; HEPARIN-BINDING HEMAGGLUTININ; ANTIBODY-MEDIATED IMMUNITY; BOVIS BCG VACCINATION; GUINEA-PIG MODEL; CULTURE FILTRATE FRACTIONS; 30-KDA SECRETORY PROTEIN; PLASMA-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; MOLECULAR-MASS ANTIGENS AB Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be one of the major public health problems in the world. The eventual control of this disease will require the development of a safe and effective vaccine. One of the approaches receiving a great deal of attention recently is subunit vaccination. An efficacious antituberculous subunit vaccine requires the identification and isolation of key components of the pathogen that are capable of inducing a protective immune response. Clues to identify promising subunit vaccine candidates may be found in their physicochemical and immunobiological properties. In this article, we review the evidence that the physicochemical properties of mycobacterial components can greatly impact the induction of either protective or deleterious immune response and consequently influence the potential utility as an antituberculous subunit vaccine. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shinnick, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop G35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tms1@cdc.gov OI Sable, Suraj/0000-0001-8440-1693 NR 187 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 19 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1553 EP 1566 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.014 PG 14 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 135MX UT WOS:000244158800001 PM 17166640 ER PT J AU Choi, HK Ford, ES Li, CY Curhan, G AF Choi, Hyon K. Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Curhan, Gary TI Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with gout: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gout; metabolic syndrome; obesity; hypertension; insulin resistance; NHANES-III ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; URIC-ACID CONCENTRATIONS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; POTENTIAL ROLE; RENAL SODIUM; US ADULTS; DIET; HYPERURICEMIA AB Objective. To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with gout and to examine the association between the 2 conditions in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods. Using data from 8,807 participants age >= 20 years in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), we determined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among individuals with gout and quantified the magnitude of association between the 2 conditions. We used both the revised and original National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) criteria to define metabolic syndrome. Results. The prevalence (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) of metabolic syndrome according to revised NCEP/ATP III criteria was 62.8% (51.9-73.6) among individuals with gout and 25.4% (23.5-27.3) among individuals without gout. Using 2002 census data, similar to 3.5 million US adults with a history of gout have metabolic syndrome. The unadjusted and age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of metabolic syndrome for individuals with gout were 4.96 (3.17-7.75) and 3.05 (2.01-4.61), respectively. With the original NCEP/ATP criteria, the corresponding prevalences were slightly lower, whereas the corresponding odds ratios were slightly higher. The stratified prevalences of metabolic syndrome by major associated factors of gout (i.e., body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes) remained substantially and significantly higher among those with gout than those without gout (all P values < 0.05). Conclusion. These findings indicate that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is remarkably high among individuals with gout. Given the serious complications associated with metabolic syndrome, this frequent comorbidity should be recognized and taken into account in long-term treatment and overall health of individuals with gout. C1 Univ British Columbia, Div Rheumatol, Dept Med, Arthritis Res Ctr Canada, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L7, Canada. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Choi, HK (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Div Rheumatol, Dept Med, Arthritis Res Ctr Canada, 895 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L7, Canada. EM hchoi@partners.org NR 45 TC 158 Z9 175 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 57 IS 1 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1002/art.22466 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 135EY UT WOS:000244138100016 PM 17266099 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, CE Bowen, AB Perez, NE Sarisky, JP Shepherd, CA Miller, MD Hubbard, BC Herring, M Buchanan, SD Fitzgerald, CC Hill, V Arrowood, MJ Xiao, LX Hoekstra, RM Mintz, ED Lynch, MF AF O'Reilly, Ciara E. Bowen, Anna B. Perez, Nytzia E. Sarisky, John P. Shepherd, Craig A. Miller, Mark D. Hubbard, Brian C. Herring, Michael Buchanan, Sharunda D. Fitzgerald, Collette C. Hill, Vincent Arrowood, Michael J. Xiao, Lihua X. Hoekstra, R. Michael Mintz, Eric D. Lynch, Michael F. CA Outbreak Working Grp TI A waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis with multiple etiologies among resort island visitors and residents: Ohio, 2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; DRINKING-WATER; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CONTAMINATION AB Background. The implementation of treated municipal water systems in the 20th century led to a dramatic decrease in waterborne disease in the United States. However, communities with deficient water systems still experience waterborne outbreaks. In August 2004, we investigated an outbreak of gastroenteritis on South Bass Island, Ohio, an island of 900 residents that is visited by 1500,000 persons each year. Methods. To identify the source of illness, we conducted a case-control study and an environmental investigation. A case was defined as diarrhea in a person who traveled to the island during the period from May 1 through 30 September 2004 and became ill within 2 weeks after the visit. Healthy travel companions served as matched control subjects. We also performed an environmental assessment and extensive testing of island water sources. Results. Among the 1450 persons reporting illness, Campylobacter jejuni, norovirus, Giardia intestinalis, and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium were identified in 16, 9, 3, and 1 persons, respectively. We interviewed 100 case patients and 117 matched control subjects. Case patients were more likely to drink water on the island than control subjects (68% vs. 35%; matched odds ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-9.3). Sampling of ground water wells indicated contamination with multiple fecal microbes, including Escherichia coli, C. jejuni, Salmonella species, and Giardia species. Irregularities in sewage disposal practices that could have contaminated the underground aquifer were noted. Conclusions. The combined epidemiological and environmental investigation indicated that sewage-contaminated ground water was the likely source of this large outbreak. Long-term changes to the island's water supply and sewage management infrastructure are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Reilly, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM coreilly@cdc.gov RI Bannerman, Tammy/E-2694-2011; Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737; Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 20 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 506 EP 512 DI 10.1086/511043 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 127PB UT WOS:000243597700008 PM 17243052 ER PT J AU Voetsch, AC Angulo, FJ Jones, TF Moore, MR Nadon, C McCarthy, P Shiferaw, B Megginson, MB Hurd, S Anderson, BJ Cronquist, A Vugia, DJ Medus, C Segler, S Graves, LM Hoekstra, RM Griffin, PM AF Voetsch, Andrew C. Angulo, Frederick J. Jones, Timothy F. Moore, Matthew R. Nadon, Celine McCarthy, Patrick Shiferaw, Beletshachew Megginson, Melanie B. Hurd, Sharon Anderson, Bridget J. Cronquist, Alicia Vugia, Duc J. Medus, Carlota Segler, Suzanne Graves, Lewis M. Hoekstra, Robert M. Griffin, Patricia M. CA Ctr Dis Control Prevention Emergin TI Reduction in the incidence of invasive listeriosis in Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network sites, 1996-2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN-STYLE CHEESE; RAW-MILK CHEESE; UNITED-STATES; MONOCYTOGENES INFECTION; SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; DIARRHEAL ILLNESS; HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS; FOODNET AB Background. Listeriosis is a leading cause of death among patients with foodborne diseases in the United States. Monitoring disease incidence is an important element of listeriosis surveillance and control. Method. We conducted population-based surveillance for Listeria monocytogenes isolates obtained from normally sterile sites at all clinical diagnostic laboratories in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network from 1996 through 2003. Results. The incidence of laboratory-confirmed invasive listeriosis decreased by 24% from 1996 through 2003; pregnancy-associated disease decreased by 37%, compared with a decrease of 23% for patients >= 50 years old. The highest incidence was reported among Hispanic persons from 1997 through 2001. Differences in incidence by age group and ethnicity may be explained by dietary preferences. Conclusion. The marked decrease in the incidence of listeriosis may be related to the decrease in the prevalence of L. monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat foods since 1996. The crude incidence in 2003 of 3.1 cases per 1 million population approaches the government's Healthy People objective of 2.5 cases per 1 million population by 2005. Further decreases in listeriosis incidence will require continued efforts of industry and government to reduce contamination of food and continued efforts to educate consumers and clinicians. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. RP Voetsch, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E 46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AVoetsch@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.1086/511006 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 127PB UT WOS:000243597700009 PM 17243053 ER PT J AU Varma, JK Samuel, MC Marcus, R Hoekstra, RM Medus, C Segler, S Anderson, BJ Jones, TF Shiferaw, B Haubert, N Megginson, M McCarthy, PV Graves, L Van Gilder, T Angulo, FJ AF Varma, Jay K. Samuel, Michael C. Marcus, Ruthanne Hoekstra, Robert M. Medus, Carlota Segler, Suzanne Anderson, Bridget J. Jones, Timothy F. Shiferaw, Beletshachew Haubert, Nicole Megginson, Melanie McCarthy, Patrick V. Graves, Lewis Van Gilder, Thomas Angulo, Frederick J. TI Listeria monocytogenes infection from foods prepared in a commercial establishment: A case-control study of potential sources of sporadic illness in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; FOODBORNE LISTERIOSIS; EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; OUTBREAK; ASSOCIATION; PERSPECTIVE; MEAT AB Background. Listeria monocytogenes has been estimated to cause 12500 illnesses and 500 deaths annually in the United States. Efforts to reduce foodborne listeriosis have focused on foods frequently implicated in outbreaks. Potential sources for L. monocytogenes infection not associated with outbreaks remain poorly understood. Methods. The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network conducts surveillance for culture-confirmed listeriosis at clinical laboratories in 9 states. After excluding outbreak-associated cases, we attempted to enroll eligible case patients with L. monocytogenes infection in a case-control study from 2000 through 2003. Control subjects were recruited through health care providers and were matched to case patients by state, age, and immunosuppression status. Data were collected about exposures occurring in the 4 weeks before specimen collection from the case patients. Results. Of the 249 case patients with L. monocytogenes infection, only 12 (5%) had cases that were associated with outbreaks; 6 other patients were ineligible for other reasons. Of 231 eligible case patients, 169 (73%) were enrolled in the study. We classified 28 case patients as having pregnancy-associated cases. We enrolled 376 control subjects. In multivariable analysis, L. monocytogenes infection was associated with eating melons at a commercial establishment ( odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-5.0)and eating hummus prepared in a commercial establishment ( odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-19.1). Conclusions. Most cases of L. monocytogenes infection were not associated with outbreaks. Reducing the burden of foodborne listeriosis may require interventions directed at retail environments and at foods, such as melons and hummus, that are not commonly recognized as high risk. Because of the severity of listeriosis, pregnant women and other persons at risk may wish to avoid eating these newly implicated foods. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Tennesse Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. New York Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. US FDA, College Pk, MD USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Mailstop D63,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fangulo@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 521 EP 528 DI 10.1086/509920 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 127PB UT WOS:000243597700010 PM 17243054 ER PT J AU Loparev, VN Rubtcova, E Seward, JF Levin, MJ Schmid, DS AF Loparev, Vladimir N. Rubtcova, Elena Seward, Jane F. Levin, Myron J. Schmid, D. Scott TI DNA sequence variability in isolates recovered from patients with postvaccination rash or herpes zoster caused by Oka varicella vaccine SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Herpesvirus Workshop CY JUL 29-AUG 04, 2005 CL Turku, FINLAND ID WILD-TYPE STRAINS; READING FRAME 62; TRANSACTIVATION ACTIVITY; PARENTAL VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; OUTBREAK; PROFILE AB Little is known about the pathogenic potential of individual strains in the varicella vaccine. We analyzed genomic variation among specimens obtained from vaccine recipients with postvaccination rash or herpes zoster (HZ), focusing on polymorphisms between live attenuated varicella vaccine virus and wild-type varicellazoster virus. Eleven of 18 postvaccination HZ specimens contained > 1 strain, and 7 of 18 appeared to be clonal. All 21 postvaccination rash specimens contained mixtures of vaccine strains. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) consistently occurred in every isolate; all were polymorphisms in open-reading frame (ORF) 62, and 2 confer amino acid substitutions in the immediate-early protein 62. Four wild-type SNPs occurred in every isolate: one each occurred in ORF 10, ORF 21, ORF 62, and a noncoding region upstream of ORF 64. The frequencies of the remaining wild-type SNPs were variable, with the SNPs uniformly expressed (even in mixtures) in 20.5%-97.4% of isolates (mean frequency, 67.7%). No 2 clinical isolates had identical SNP profiles; as such, vaccine latency usually involves > 1 strain. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Grp, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Sect Pediat Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Schmid, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Grp, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SSchmid@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 4 BP 502 EP 510 DI 10.1086/510532 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 127DP UT WOS:000243565800007 PM 17230409 ER PT J AU Cruz, A Rainey, PM Herwaldt, BL Stagni, G Palacios, R Trujillo, R Saravia, NG AF Cruz, Adriana Rainey, Petrie M. Herwaldt, Barbara L. Stagni, Grazia Palacios, Ricardo Trujillo, Rodolfo Saravia, Nancy G. TI Pharmacokinetics of antimony in children treated for leishmaniasis with meglumine antimoniate SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wellcome Fund Infectious Diseases Initiative Meeting CY NOV 07-09, 2005 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Wellcome Trust Burroughs ID CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE; NATURAL-HISTORY; BRAZIL; CHAGASI; EPIDEMIOLOGY; THERAPY; AREA AB Background. In some settings, the response to pentavalent antimonial therapy for leishmaniasis may be lower in children than in adults. We hypothesized that there are age-dependent pharmacokinetic differences of potential clinical relevance. Methods. We compared the pharmacokinetics of antimony (Sb) in adults and 2 groups of children 3-6 years old who had cutaneous leishmaniasis treated with intramuscular meglumine antimoniate. Adults (n = 9) and the first group of children (n = 9) received 20 mg Sb/kg/day for 20 days; the second group of children (n = 6) received 20 mg Sb/kg for 19 days and 30 mg Sb/kg on day 20. Drug exposure was assessed by the area under the 24-h time-concentration curve (AUC(0-24)) in plasma. Results. Children (vs. adults) who received 20 mg/kg had a 42% lower AUC(0-24) (mean +/- SE, vs. 111 +/- 7 190 +/- 10 mg x h/L, compared with adults;P < .001), a 16% lower peak concentration (32.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 38.8 +/- 2.1 mg/L; P = .04), and a 75% higher weight-adjusted clearance (0.185 +/- 0.013 vs. 0.106 +/- 0.006 L/h/kg; P < .001). The 30 mg/kg dose in children increased the AUC(0-24) to 164 +/- 10 mg x h/L and the peak concentration to 43.8 +/- 2.3 mg/L. Conclusions. Drug exposure is significantly lower in children than in adults treated with the same weight-adjusted regimen of meglumine antimoniate, which primarily stems from a higher antimony clearance rate. C1 Ctr Int Entrenamiento & Invest Med, Cali 5390, Colombia. Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Long Isl Univ, Arnold & Marie Schwartz Coll Pharm, Brooklyn, NY USA. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Div Infect Dis, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Saravia, NG (reprint author), Ctr Int Entrenamiento & Invest Med, Ave 1 Norte 3-03, Cali 5390, Colombia. EM nsaravia@cideim.org.co FU Wellcome Trust [059056/Z/99/Z] NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 4 BP 602 EP 608 DI 10.1086/510860 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 127DP UT WOS:000243565800020 PM 17230422 ER PT J AU Cox, NJ Bridges, CB AF Cox, Nancy J. Bridges, Carolyn Buxton TI Inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines in young children - How do they compare? SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EFFICACY; SAFETY; ADOLESCENTS; TRIVALENT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cox, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 356 IS 7 BP 729 EP 731 DI 10.1056/NEJMe078003 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 135ZV UT WOS:000244193300013 PM 17301305 ER PT J AU Bailey, RN Indian, RW Zhang, X Geiss, LS Duenas, MR Saaddine, JB AF Bailey, R. N. Indian, R. W. Zhang, X. Geiss, L. S. Duenas, M. R. Saaddine, J. B. CA CDC TI Visual impairment and eye care among older adults - Five states, 2005 (Reprinted by MMWR, vol 55, pg 1321-1325, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Houston, TX 77004 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, But Hlth Surveillance Prevent, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bailey, RN (reprint author), Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Houston, TX 77004 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 6 BP 582 EP 583 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 135TU UT WOS:000244177400010 ER PT J AU Chapman, F Martin, N McDowell, J O'Hara, T Carrigan, K Wofford, T Deshpande, S Buff, A AF Chapman, F. Martin, N. McDowell, J. O'Hara, T. Carrigan, K. Wofford, T. Deshpande, S. Buff, A. CA CDC TI Brief report: Latent tuberculosis infection among sailors and civilians aboard USS Ronald Reagan - United States, January-July 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1381-1382, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID OUTBREAK; SHIP C1 US Pacific Fleet, Naval AF, San Diego, CA USA. Carrier Air Wing Fourteen, San Diego, CA USA. Navy Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA USA. CDC, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STDs & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chapman, F (reprint author), US Pacific Fleet, Naval AF, San Diego, CA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 6 BP 583 EP 584 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 135TU UT WOS:000244177400011 ER PT J AU Tolentino, HD Matters, MD Walop, W Law, B Tong, W Liu, F Fontelo, P Kohl, K Payne, DC AF Tolentino, Herman D. Matters, Michael D. Walop, Wikke Law, Barbara Tong, Wesley Liu, Fang Fontelo, Paul Kohl, Katrin Payne, Daniel C. TI A UMLS-based spell checker for natural language processing in vaccine safety SO BMC MEDICAL INFORMATICS AND DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article ID TEXT PROCESSOR; INFORMATION; SYSTEM; RADIOLOGY AB Background: The Institute of Medicine has identified patient safety as a key goal for health care in the United States. Detecting vaccine adverse events is an important public health activity that contributes to patient safety. Reports about adverse events following immunization (AEFI) from surveillance systems contain free-text components that can be analyzed using natural language processing. To extract Unified Medical Language System ( UMLS) concepts from free text and classify AEFI reports based on concepts they contain, we first needed to clean the text by expanding abbreviations and shortcuts and correcting spelling errors. Our objective in this paper was to create a UMLS-based spelling error correction tool as a first step in the natural language processing (NLP) pipeline for AEFI reports. Methods: We developed spell checking algorithms using open source tools. We used de-identified AEFI surveillance reports to create free-text data sets for analysis. After expansion of abbreviated clinical terms and shortcuts, we performed spelling correction in four steps: ( 1) error detection, ( 2) word list generation, ( 3) word list disambiguation and ( 4) error correction. We then measured the performance of the resulting spell checker by comparing it to manual correction. Results: We used 12,056 words to train the spell checker and tested its performance on 8,131 words. During testing, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) for the spell checker were 74% ( 95% CI: 74 - 75), 100% ( 95% CI: 100 - 100), and 47% ( 95% CI: 46% - 48%), respectively. Conclusion: We created a prototype spell checker that can be used to process AEFI reports. We used the UMLS Specialist Lexicon as the primary source of dictionary terms and the WordNet lexicon as a secondary source. We used the UMLS as a domain-specific source of dictionary terms to compare potentially misspelled words in the corpus. The prototype sensitivity was comparable to currently available tools, but the specificity was much superior. The slow processing speed may be improved by trimming it down to the most useful component algorithms. Other investigators may find the methods we developed useful for cleaning text using lexicons specific to their area of interest. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Informat Fellowship Program, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Immunizat & Resp Infect Div, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. McMaster Univ, Honours Biol & Pharmacol Programme, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. NIH, Off High performance Comp & commun, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tolentino, HD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM htolentino@cdc.gov; mmatters@cdc.gov; Wikke_Walop@phac-aspc.gc.ca; barbara_law@hc-sc.gc.ca; wesley_tong@hc-sc.gc.ca; fliu@mail.nih.gov; fontelo@nlm.nih.gov; KKohl@cdc.gov; dpayne@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1472-6947 J9 BMC MED INFORM DECIS JI BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak. PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 3 DI 10.1186/1472-6947-7-3 PG 13 WC Medical Informatics SC Medical Informatics GA 168IA UT WOS:000246516100001 PM 17295907 ER PT J AU Wakelee, HA Chang, ET Gomez, SL Keegan, TH Feskanich, D Clarke, CA Holmberg, L Yong, LC Kolonel, LN Gould, MK West, DW AF Wakelee, Heather A. Chang, Ellen T. Gomez, Scarlett L. Keegan, Theresa H. Feskanich, Diane Clarke, Christina A. Holmberg, Lars Yong, Lee C. Kolonel, Laurence N. Gould, Michael K. West, Dee W. TI Lung cancer incidence in never smokers SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; LIFETIME NONSMOKING WOMEN; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; UNITED-STATES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; EX-SMOKERS; BRONCHIOLOALVEOLAR CARCINOMA; SECONDHAND SMOKE; FAMILY-HISTORY; RISK AB Purpose Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although smoking remains the predominant cause of lung cancer, lung cancer in never smokers is an increasingly prominent public health issue. However, data on this topic, particularly lung cancer incidence rates in never smokers, are limited. Methods We reviewed the existing literature on lung cancer incidence and mortality rates among never smokers and present new data regarding rates in never smokers from the following large, prospective cohorts: Nurses' Health Study; Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; California Teachers Study; Multiethnic Cohort Study; Swedish Lung Cancer Register in the Uppsala/Orebro region; and First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study. Results Truncated age-adjusted incidence rates of lung cancer among never smokers age 40 to 79 years in these six cohorts ranged from 14.4 to 20.8 per 100,000 person-years in women and 4.8 to 13.7 per 100,000 person-years in men, supporting earlier observations that women are more likely than men to have non-smoking-associated lung cancer. The distinct biology of lung cancer in never smokers is apparent in differential responses to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and an increased prevalence of adenocarcinoma histology in never smokers. Conclusion Lung cancer in never smokers is an important public health issue, and further exploration of its incidence patterns, etiology, and biology is needed. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Oncol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. No Calif Canc Ctr, Fremont, CA USA. Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Canc Epidemiol Program, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Uppsala Hosp, Reg Oncol Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Wakelee, HA (reprint author), Stanford Clin Canc Ctr, Div Med Oncol, 875 Blake Wilbur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hwakelee@stanford.edu RI Chang, Ellen/G-5700-2010; Chang, Ellen/E-3168-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA087969, N01 PC035136-21-0-0, P01 CA055075, P01 CA055075-09S10001, P01 CA087969-01, R01 CA077398, R01 CA077398-09, R01 CA77398] NR 72 TC 203 Z9 209 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 5 BP 472 EP 478 DI 10.1200/JCO.2006.07.2983 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 135TI UT WOS:000244176000003 PM 17290054 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG Zell, ER Pilishvili, T AF Whitney, Cynthia G. Zell, Elizabeth R. Pilishvili, Tamar TI Effectiveness of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine - Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cgw3@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 369 IS 9560 BP 459 EP 460 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60222-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 135XX UT WOS:000244188300017 ER PT J AU Honeycutt, AA Coleman, MS Anderson, WL Wirth, KE AF Honeycutt, Amanda A. Coleman, Margaret S. Anderson, Wayne L. Wirth, Kathleen E. TI Cost-effectiveness of hospital vaccination programs in North Carolina SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE standing orders; vaccination; cost-effective ID PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; ECONOMIC-BENEFITS; ELDERLY PERSONS; STANDING ORDERS; RATES; IMMUNIZATION; PNEUMONIA; INCREASE; HEALTH AB Although influenza and pneumonia are largely vaccine-preventable, vaccination coverage rates are well below Healthy People 2010 goals. The aim of this study was to examine the costs and cost-effectiveness of three provider-based vaccination interventions in the hospital setting: standing orders programs (SOPs), physician reminders (PRs), and pre-printed orders (PPOs). Data on program operating costs and the numbers of patients who received influenza or pneumococcal vaccinations were collected from nine North Carolina hospitals. Results demonstrated that the additional cost per patient vaccinated in 2004 was US $58 for SOPs, US $90 for PRs, and US $412 for PPOs. These findings suggest that SOPs are a cost-effective approach for increasing adult vaccination coverage rates in hospital settings. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 RTI Int, RTI UNC Ctr Excellence Hlth Promot Econ, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizar Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RTI Int, Aging Disabil & Long Term Care Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Honeycutt, AA (reprint author), RTI Int, RTI UNC Ctr Excellence Hlth Promot Econ, 2951 Flowers Rd S, Atlanta, GA USA. EM honeycutt@rti.org NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1484 EP 1496 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.10.029 PG 13 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 136PJ UT WOS:000244236300016 PM 17156901 ER PT J AU Glysch, R Anderson, H Daley, W Wendel, A AF Glysch, R. Anderson, H. Daley, W. Wendel, A. TI Pedal-cycle injuries among children aged < 6 years - Wisconsin, 2002-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1345-1348, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glysch, R (reprint author), Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 5 BP 460 EP 461 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 133FP UT WOS:000243999100010 ER PT J AU Acton, KJ Burrows, NR Wang, J Geiss, LS AF Acton, K. J. Burrows, N. R. Wang, J. Geiss, L. S. TI Diagnosed diabetes among American Indians and Alaska natives aged < 35 years - United States, 1994-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1201-1203, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Indian Hlth Serv, Div Diabet Treatment & Prevent, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Acton, KJ (reprint author), Indian Hlth Serv, Div Diabet Treatment & Prevent, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 5 BP 461 EP 462 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 133FP UT WOS:000243999100011 ER PT J AU Pogach, L Engelgau, M Aron, D AF Pogach, Leonard Engelgau, Michael Aron, David TI Measuring progress toward achieving hemoglobin A(1c) goals in diabetes care - Pass/fail or partial credit SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID GLYCEMIC CONTROL; MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; HYPERTENSION; BENEFITS C1 VA New Jersey Healthcare Syst, HSR Ctr healthcare Knowledge Management, E Orange, NJ 07018 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Louis Stokes Cleveland Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Case Sch Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Pogach, L (reprint author), VA New Jersey Healthcare Syst, HSR Ctr healthcare Knowledge Management, 385 Tremont Ave, E Orange, NJ 07018 USA. EM Leonard.Pogach@va.gov NR 22 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 5 BP 520 EP 523 DI 10.1001/jama.297.5.520 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 133FP UT WOS:000243999100029 PM 17284702 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Xiao, YF Vuitton, DA Schantz, PM Raoul, F Budke, C Campos-Ponce, M Craig, PS Giraudoux, P AF Wang Qian Xiao Yong-fu Vuitton, Doniinique A. Schantz, Peter M. Raoul, Francis Budke, Christine Campos-Ponce, Maiza Craig, Philip S. Giraudoux, Patrick TI Impact of overgrazing on the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan pastoral communities of Sichuan Province, China SO CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE echinococcosis; hepatic; Echinococcus multilocularis; overgrazing; Tibetan pastoral communities ID HUMAN ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS; ARVICOLA-TERRESTRIS SCHERMAN; RISK-FACTOR; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SURFACE INDEXES; VOLE ABUNDANCE; PASTURE; DESERT AB Background Overgrazing was assumed to increase the population density of small mammals that are the intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis, the pathogen of alveolar echinococcosis in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. This research tested the hypothesis that overgrazing might promote Echinococcus multilocularis transmission through increasing populations of small mammal, intermediate hosts in Tibetan pastoral communities. Methods Grazing practices, small mammal indices and dog Echinococcus multilocularis infection data were collected to analyze the relation between overgrazing and Echinococcus multilocularis transmission using nonparametric tests and multiple stepwise logistic regression. Results In the investigated area, raising livestock was a key industry. The communal pastures existed and the available forage was deficient for grazing. Open (common) pastures were overgrazed and had higher burrow density of small mammals compared with neighboring fenced (private) pastures; this high overgrazing pressure on the open pastures measured by neighboring fenced area led to higher burrow density of small mammals in open pastures. The median burrow density of small mammals in open pastures was independently associated with nearby canine Echinococcus multilocularis infection (P = 0.003, OR=1.048). Conclusion Overgrazing may promote the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis through increasing the population density of small mammals. C1 Sichuan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. Univ Franche Comte, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Treatment Alveolar Ec, F-25030 Besancon, France. Univ Franche Comte, SERF, F-25030 Besancon, France. Univ Franche Comte, LBE Usc Res Unit, INRA, F-25030 Besancon, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Parasitol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Free Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Salford, Cestode Zoonoses Res Grp, Biosci Res Inst, Salford MS 4WT, Lancs, England. Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford MS 4WT, Lancs, England. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Sichuan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. EM wangqian67@yahoo.com.cn RI Giraudoux, Patrick/B-9274-2011 OI Giraudoux, Patrick/0000-0003-2376-0136 FU PHS HHS [1565] NR 35 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU CHINESE MEDICAL ASSOC PI BEIJING PA 42 DONGSI XIDAJIE, BEIJING 100710, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0366-6999 J9 CHINESE MED J-PEKING JI Chin. Med. J. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136KY UT WOS:000244222200013 PM 17355829 ER PT J AU Barrientos, LG Rollin, PE AF Barrientos, Laura G. Rollin, Pierre E. TI Release of cellular proteases into the acidic extracellular milieu exacerbates Ebola virus-induced cell damage SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ebola virus; secreted proteases; Cathepsins; protease inhibitors; cystatins; cytopathicity; metabolic acidosis; CPE; severe infection ID SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE-PRODUCT; CATHEPSIN-L; GLYCOPROTEIN; CYTOTOXICITY; SECRETION; PROTEIN; RB AB Ebola virus is highly cytopathic through mechanisms that are largely unknown. We present evidence that progressive acidification of the extracellular milieu by Ebola virus-infected cells combined with reduced levels of natural cysteine protease inhibitor makes the cells vulnerable to uncontrolled proteolysis of extracellular matrix components by released active endosomal cathepsins, thereby exacerbating Ebola virus-induced cell destruction. The cell surface microenvironment was shown to be crucial in aiding this activity. Blocking the proteolytic activity with the cathepsin inhibitor E64 resulted in remarkable improvements with respect to viral cytopathicity and cell survival despite an overwhelmingly high viral load. We propose that the observed enzymatic matrix degradation, enhanced by an associated protease/inhibitor imbalance and metabolic acidosis, represents an effective viral strategy to boost infection and underlies, in part, the remarkable pathogenesis caused by Ebola virus. Further in vitro and in vivo research will establish whether a cellular protease with hemorrhagic activity is the leading cause of vascular leakage-the hallmark of Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever-and help understand the Ebola virus caused cell death. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barrientos, LG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, MS G-14,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LBarrientos1@cdc.gov; PRollin@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 358 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.08.018 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 131LS UT WOS:000243871100001 PM 16982079 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Zhu, Z Rota, PA Jiang, XH Hu, JY Wang, JG Tang, W Zhang, ZY Li, CY Wang, CY Wang, TZ Zheng, L Tian, H Ling, H Zhao, CF Ma, Y Lin, CY He, JL Tian, J Ma, Y Li, P Guan, RH He, WK Zhou, JH Liu, GY Zhang, H Yan, XG Yang, XL Zhang, JL Lu, YY Zhou, SD Ba, ZM Liu, W Yang, XH Ma, YJ Liang, Y Li, YQ Ji, YX Featherstone, D Bellini, WJ Xu, ST Liang, GD Xu, WB AF Zhang, Yan Zhu, Zhen Rota, Paul A. Jiang, Xiaohong Hu, Jiayu Wang, Jianguo Tang, Wei Zhang, Zhenying Li, Congyong Wang, Changyin Wang, Tongzhan Zheng, Lei Tian, Hong Ling, Hua Zhao, Chunfang Ma, Yan Lin, Chunyan He, Jilan Tian, Jiang Ma, Yan Li, Ping Guan, Ronghui He, Weikuan Zhou, Jianhui Liu, Guiyan Zhang, Hong Yan, Xinge Yang, Xuelei Zhang, Jinlin Lu, Yiyu Zhou, Shunde Ba, Zhuoma Liu, Wei Yang, Xiuhui Ma, Yujie Liang, Yong Li, Yeqiang Ji, Yixin Featherstone, David Bellini, William J. Xu, Songtao Liang, Guodong Xu, Wenbo TI Molecular epidemiology of measles viruses in China, 1995-2003 SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; UNITED-STATES; SEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; GENOTYPES AB This report describes the genetic characterization of 297 wild-type measles viruses that were isolated in 24 provinces of China between 1995 and 2003. Phylogenetic analysis of the N gene sequences showed that all of the isolates belonged to genotype H1 except 3 isolates, which were genotype A. The nucleotide sequence and predicted amino acid homologies of the 294-genotype H1 strains were 94.7%-100% and 93.3%-100%, respectively. The genotype H1 isolates were divided into 2 clusters, which differed by approximately 2.9% at the nucleotide level. Viruses from both clusters were distributed throughout China with no apparent geographic restriction and multiple co-circulating lineages were present in many provinces. Even though other measles genotypes have been detected in countries that border China, this report shows that genotype H1 is widely distributed throughout the country and that China has a single, endemic genotype. This important baseline data will help to monitor the progress of measles control in China. C1 China Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Reg Ref Lab Measles Western Pacific Reg, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Shanghai Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Henan Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Henan, Peoples R China. Shandong Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shandong, Peoples R China. Shanxi Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shanxi, Peoples R China. Tianjin Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tianjin, Peoples R China. Chongqing Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chongqing, Peoples R China. Hainan Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hainan, Peoples R China. Sichuan Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Liaoning Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Liaoning, Peoples R China. Anhui Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anhui, Peoples R China. Jilin Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Jilin, Peoples R China. Hunan Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hunan, Peoples R China. Guangdong Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Xinjiang Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. Jiangsu Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Zhejiang Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. Jiangxi Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Jiangxi, Peoples R China. Qinghai Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Qinghai, Peoples R China. Fujian Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fujian, Peoples R China. Heilongjiang Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. Hebei Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hebei, Peoples R China. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. China Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. RP Xu, WB (reprint author), China Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Reg Ref Lab Measles Western Pacific Reg, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM yzhang3@cdc.gov; zhuzhen76@163.com; prota@cdc.gov; measleslab@sina.com; jyhu@scdc.sh.cn; mianyi2@scdc.sh.cn; tangwei127@hotmail.com; zhangy@hncdc.com.cn; licy@hncdc.com.cn; changywang@163.com; tangtongzhan@126.com; xhanximlab608@soho.com; zthyd@sona.com; linghuax@163.net; linghuax@163.net; mayan_67@yahoo.com; Mayan_67@yahoo.com; jilanhe@sina.com; incdccepi@sina.com; incdccepi@sina.com; sxlipingsu@126.com; sx_jmk@163.com; ahcdczsj@hotmail.com; zhoujianhui67@yahoo.com; guiyanliu@hotmail.com; hnzhang67@163.net; didong@163.net; xjfyjm@mail.wl.xj.cn; zahngjinlin102@hotmail.com; luyiyuzjh@yahoo.com; zshunde@163.com; qhcdcxxk@126.com; gxlw@163.com; xiuxiu2000@sina.com; hlepi@126.com; hbmvlab@hotmail.com; yli4@tiger.towson.edu; heartsound@vip.sina.com; featherstoned@who.int; wjb2@cdc.gov; gdliang@hotmail.com; xsttz886@hotmail.com; wenbo_xu1@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 4 AR 14 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-4-14 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 182PM UT WOS:000247516500001 PM 17280609 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Maines, TR Van Hoeven, N Glaser, L Solorzano, A Pappas, C Cox, NJ Swayne, DE Palese, P Katz, JM Garcia-Sastre, A AF Tumpey, Terrence M. Maines, Taronna R. Van Hoeven, Neal Glaser, Laurel Solorzano, Alicia Pappas, Claudia Cox, Nancy J. Swayne, David E. Palese, Peter Katz, Jacqueline M. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo TI A two-amino acid change in the hemagglutinin of the 1918 influenza virus abolishes transmission SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; PANDEMIC VIRUS; HUMAN AIRWAY; A VIRUSES; EVOLUTION; GENE; H2 AB The 1918 influenza pandemic was a catastrophic series of virus outbreaks that spread across the globe. Here, we show that only a modest change in the 1918 influenza hemagglutinin receptor binding site alters the transmissibility of this pandemic virus. Two amino acid mutations that cause a switch in receptor binding preference from the human alpha-2,6 to the avian alpha-2,3 sialic acid resulted in a virus incapable of respiratory droplet transmission between ferrets but that maintained its lethality and replication efficiency in the upper respiratory tract. Furthermore, poor transmission of a 1918 virus with dual alpha-2,6 and alpha-2,3 specificity suggests that a predominant human alpha-2,6 sialic acid binding preference is essential for optimal transmission of this pandemic virus. These findings confirm an essential role of hemagglutinin receptor specificity for the transmission of influenza viruses among mammals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Agr Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov RI Wei, Jianjian/F-7788-2011; OI Wei, Jianjian/0000-0001-8859-8462; Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI058113, U19 AI62623]; PHS HHS [U54 AIO57158] NR 25 TC 343 Z9 379 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5812 BP 655 EP 659 DI 10.1126/science.1136212 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 131YR UT WOS:000243909400046 PM 17272724 ER PT J AU Osmanov, S Ackland, J Allen, S Barth-Jones, D Birx, D Chomba, E Churchyard, G Duerr, A Jin, SG Johnston, M Fast, PE Fix, A Foulkes, M Follmann, D Hutubessy, R Malone, S Gray, R Indrayan, A Levin, J Mathieson, BJ Mastro, TD McNeil, J Pitisuttithum, P Peters, B Karita, E Robertson, MN Ramakrishnan, R Rees, H Rida, W Ruan, YH Sandstrom, E Schmidt, C Smith, P Self, S Thiry, G Wasserheit, J Priddy, F Thior, I Warren, M Cooper, D Kaleebu, P Macklin, R Tangwa, G AF Osmanov, Saladin Ackland, Jim Allen, Susan Barth-Jones, Daniel Birx, Deborah Chomba, Elwyn Churchyard, Gavin Duerr, Ann Jin, Shiugao Johnston, Margaret Fast, Patricia E. Fix, Alan Foulkes, Mary Follmann, Dean Hutubessy, Raymond Malone, Siobhan Gray, Ronald Indrayan, Abhay Levin, Jonathan Mathieson, Bonnie J. Mastro, Timothy D. McNeil, John Pitisuttithum, Punnee Peters, Barry Karita, Etienne Robertson, Michael N. Ramakrishnan, R. Rees, Helen Rida, Wasima Ruan, Yuhua Sandstrom, Eric Schmidt, Claudia Smith, Peter Self, Steven Thiry, Georges Wasserheit, Judith Priddy, Frances Thior, Ibou Warren, Mitchell Cooper, David Kaleebu, Pontiano Macklin, Ruth Tangwa, Godfrey CA WHO UNAIDS IAVI Intl Expert Grp TI Executive summary and recommendations from the WHO/UNAIDS/IAVI expert group consultation on 'Phase IIB-TOC trials as a novel strategy for evaluation of preventive HIV vaccines', 31 January-2 February 2006, IAVI, New York, USA SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE clinical trial design; HIV vaccines; phase IIB trials; proof of concept trials; test of concept trials; vaccine efficacy ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; PARTICLE VACCINE; YOUNG-WOMEN; EFFICACY; INFECTION; WORKSHOP AB This report summarizes the discussions and recommendations from a consultation held in New York City, USA (31 January-2 February 2006) organized by the joint World Health Organization-United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS HIV Vaccine Initiative and the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. The consultation discussed issues related to the design and implementation of phase IIB 'test of concept' trials (phase IIB-TOC), also referred to as 'proof of concept' trials, in evaluating candidate HIV vaccines and their implications for future approval and licensure. The results of a single phase IIB-TOC trial would not be expected to provide sufficient evidence of safety or efficacy required for licensure. In many instances, phase IIB-TOC trials may be undertaken relatively early in development, before manufacturing processes and capacity are developed sufficiently to distribute the vaccine on a large scale. However, experts at this meeting considered the pressure that could arise, particularly in regions hardest hit by AIDS, if a phase IIB-TOC trial showed high levels of efficacy. The group largely agreed that full-scale phase III trials would still be necessary to demonstrate that the vaccine candidate was safe and effective, but emphasized that governments and organizations conducting trials should consider these issues in advance. The recommendations from this meeting should be helpful for all organizations involved in HIV vaccine trials, in particular for the national regulatory authorities in assessing the utility of phase IIB-TOC trials in the overall HIV vaccine research and development process. (c) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Global BioSolut, Craigieburn, Vic, Australia. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Pediat Prevent Res Ctr, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, GAP, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Zambia Emory HIV Res Project, Lusaka, Zambia. Ernest Oppenheimer Hosp, Welkom, South Africa. HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Sci Support Unit, Seattle, WA USA. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. NIAID, Vaccine & Prevent Res Program, Seattle, WA USA. Int AIDS Vaccine Initiat, New York, NY USA. NIAID, Div Aids, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. WHO, UNAIDS HIV Vaccine Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Global Hlth Program, Seattle, WA USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Coll Med Sci, Div Biostat & Med Informat, New Delhi, India. Med Res Council S Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. OAR HIV AIDS Vaccine Coordinating Comm, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Clin Trop Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. St Thomas Hosp, London, England. Projet San Francisco IAVI, Kigali, Rwanda. Natl Inst Epidemiol, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. Univ Witwatersrand, Reprod Hlth Res Unit, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Johannesburg, South Africa. Stat Collaborat, Washington, DC USA. Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Stockholm, Sweden. IAVI, New York, NY USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. Stat Ctr HIV AIDS Res & Prevent, Seattle, WA USA. HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, WA USA. Emory Vaccine Ctr, Hope Clin, Decatur, GA USA. Princess Marina Hosp, Botswana Harvard Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalit, New York, NY USA. Univ New S Wales, Natl Ctr HIV Epidemiol & Clin Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Univ Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon. RP Osmanov, S (reprint author), WHO, UNAIDS HIV Vaccine Initiat, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM osmanovs@who.int NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 539 EP 546 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 146BR UT WOS:000244910000026 ER PT J AU Garland, WH Wohl, AR Valencia, R Witt, MD Squires, K Kovacs, A Larsen, R Potterat, N Anthony, MN Hader, S Weidle, PJ AF Garland, W. H. Wohl, A. R. Valencia, R. Witt, M. D. Squires, K. Kovacs, A. Larsen, R. Potterat, N. Anthony, M. -N. Hader, S. Weidle, P. J. TI The acceptability of a directly-administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) intervention among patients in public HIV clinics in Los Angeles, California SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION; PROGRAM; TUBERCULOSIS AB Directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) is an intensive adherence support strategy for highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) that requires patient acceptance to be effective. In one arm of a randomized adherence study, community workers (CW) delivered and observed ingestion of one HAART dose to participants five days a week for six months. We evaluated acceptability by study participation, retention, attendance and a satisfaction survey. Chi-square and nonparametric tests were used to examine differences between participants who did and did not complete DAART. Between November 2001 and March 2004, 416 eligible participants were identified; 250 were enrolled and 166 refused to participate (22 of these (13%) because of DAART specifically). Of the 82 randomized to DAART (70% Latino, 20% African American, 27% female and 69% foreign-born), 65 (79%) completed six months of DAART. Participants attended 6,953/7,390 (94%) appointments. Latinos were more likely to complete DAART compared to African Americans (OR =4.76, 95%CI =1.38, 16.44, p =0.01). In addition, foreign-born participants were more likely to complete DAART than US-born participants (OR =3.38, 95%CI =1.11-10.22,p =0.03). Participants completing DAART reported high rates of satisfaction. Retention, attendance and participant satisfaction suggest that DAART is an acceptable adherence support strategy in this public clinic population, particularly among Latino and foreign-born participants. C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Ser, HIV Epidemiol Program, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. USC Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Univ So Calif, Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Harbor Med Ctr, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Garland, WH (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Ser, HIV Epidemiol Program, 600 S Commonwealth Ave,Suite 1920, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. EM wgarland@ladhs.org FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU919440] NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1080/09540120600911428 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 130FY UT WOS:000243786400003 PM 17364394 ER PT J AU Anthony, MN Gardner, L Marks, G Anderson-Mahoney, P Metsch, LR Valverde, EE Del Rio, C Loughlin, AM AF Anthony, M. N. Gardner, L. Marks, G. Anderson-Mahoney, P. Metsch, L. R. Valverde, E. E. Del Rio, C. Loughlin, A. M. CA Antiretroviral Treatment Access St TI Factors associated with use of HIV primary care among persons recently diagnosed with HIV: Examination of variables from the behavioural model of health-care utilization SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROTEASE INHIBITOR USE; INJECTION-DRUG USERS/; MEDICAL-CARE; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; VIRAL LOAD; DISEASE; ACCESS AB The delay between testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and entering medical care can be better understood by identifying variables associated with use of HIV primary care among persons recently diagnosed with the virus. We report findings from 270 HIV-positive persons enrolled in the, Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study (ARTAS). 74% had not seen an HIV care provider before enrolment; 26% had one prior visit only. Based on Andersen's behavioural model of health care utilization, several variables reflecting demographic, healthcare, illness, behavioural, and psychosocial dimensions were assessed and used to predict the likelihood that participants had seen an HIV care provider six months after enrolment. Overall, 69% had seen an HIV care provider by six months. In multivariate analysis, the likelihood of seeing a provider was significantly (p <.05) higher among men, Hispanics (vs. non-Hispanic Blacks), those with higher education, those who did not use injection drugs, those with three or more HIV-related symptoms, those with public health insurance (vs. no insurance), and those who received short-term case management (vs. passive referral). The findings support several conceptual categories of Andersen's behavioural model of health services utilization as applied to the use of HIV medical care among persons recently diagnosed with HIV. C1 Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, Div HIT AIDS Prvent, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Johns Hopokins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Anthony, MN (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, Div HIT AIDS Prvent, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM manthony@cdc.gov RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1080/09540120600966182 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 130FY UT WOS:000243786400007 PM 17364398 ER PT J AU Willis, BC Wortley, P AF Willis, Bayo C. Wortley, Pascale TI Nurses' attitudes and beliefs about influenza and the influenza vaccine: A summary of focus groups in Alabama and Michigan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HIGH-RISK ADULTS; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; KNOWLEDGE AB Background: The U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends influenza immunization among United States health care workers (HCWs) to reduce the spread of influenza to and from workers and patients. Despite these recommendations, influenza immunization coverage of health care workers is less than 50%. Participants and Methods: Eight focus groups of registered nurses (RNs) were conducted in Birmingham, Alabama (n = 34) and Detroit, Michigan (n = 37). In each city, the focus groups consisted of 2 groups each of vaccinated and unvaccinated RNs. Results: These focus groups revealed that many nurses were concerned about influenza vaccine effectiveness and safety; their lack of information about the vaccine plays a part in their willingness to promote it to patients. Unvaccinated nurses tended to be less aware of the ACIP recommendations for HCW vaccination, and overall, nurses were not aware of the rationale for HCW vaccination. Attitudes were mixed regarding mandatory influenza vaccination programs, including the hope that such programs would result in higher vaccination rates and concern about potential disciplinary action if vaccine was declined. Participants believed that increasing convenience was the key to increasing HCW vaccination. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the importance of comprehensive approaches that combine education and convenience, and suggest that emphasizing the rationale for HCW vaccination may contribute to increasing vaccination rates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Willis, BC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bnw6@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.07.009 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 135RZ UT WOS:000244172000004 PM 17276787 ER PT J AU Pennell, CE Jacobsson, B Williams, SM Buns, RM Muglia, LJ Dolan, SM Morken, NH Ozcelik, H Lye, SJ Relton, C AF Pennell, Craig E. Jacobsson, Bo Williams, Scott M. Buns, Rebecca M. Muglia, Louis J. Dolan, Siobhan M. Morken, Nils-Halvdan Ozcelik, Hilmi Lye, Stephen J. Relton, Caroline CA Genetics Working Grp TI Genetic epidemiologic studies of preterm birth: guidelines for research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE candidate gene; control population; genetic association study; genotype; phenotype; preterm premature rupture of membranes; single nucleotide polymorphism; study design ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MULTIFACTOR-DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; CASE-CONTROL ASSOCIATION; AFFECT PROTEIN FUNCTION; CANCER FAMILY REGISTRY; ADVANCED MATERNAL AGE; BREAST-CANCER; FACTOR-ALPHA AB Over the last decade, it has become increasingly apparent that the cause of preterm birth is multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. With the development of new technologies capable of probing the genome, exciting possibilities now present themselves to gain new insight into the mechanisms leading to preterm birth. This review aims to develop research guidelines for the conduct of genetic epidemiology studies of preterm birth with the expectation that this will ultimately facilitate the comparison of data sets between study cohorts, both nationally and internationally. Specifically, the 4 areas addressed in this review includes: (1) phenotypic criteria, (2) study design, (3) considerations in the selection of control populations, and (4) candidate gene selection. This article is the product of discussions initiated by the authors at the 3rd International Workshop on Biomarkers and Preterm Birth held at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, in March 2005. C1 Univ Western Australia, King Edward Mem Hosp, Sch Womens & Infants Hlth, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia. Univ Toronto, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Toronto, ON, Canada. Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Perinatal Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, N Atlantic Neuroepidemiol Alliances, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Human Genet Res, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod hlth Maternal & Infant Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Endocrinol & Diabetes, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Womens Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Telemark Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Skien, Norway. Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Newcastle, PREBIC, Genet Working Grp, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. Univ Newcastle, Sch Med, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. RP Pennell, CE (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, King Edward Mem Hosp, Sch Womens & Infants Hlth, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia. EM craig.pennell@uwa.edu.au RI Lye, Stephen/E-7269-2013 NR 133 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 10 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 196 IS 2 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.03.109 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 136OW UT WOS:000244235000004 PM 17306646 ER PT J AU Talley, RC Crews, JE AF Talley, Ronda C. Crews, John E. TI Framing the public health of caregiving SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SPOUSAL CAREGIVERS; FAMILY; CARE; MORTALITY; STRESS AB Caregiving has only recently been acknowledged by the nation as an important topic for millions of Americans. A psychological or sociological approach to caregiving services has been most often applied, with little attention to the population-based public health outcomes of caregivers. We conceptualize caregiving as an emerging public health issue involving complex and fluctuating roles. We contend that caregiving must be considered in the context of life span needs that vary according to the ages, developmental levels, mental health needs, and physical health demands of both caregivers and care recipients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Talley, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rtalley@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 224 EP 228 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.059337 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 132NO UT WOS:000243949700014 PM 17194871 ER PT J AU Tucker, MJ Berg, CJ Callaghan, WM Hsia, J AF Tucker, Myra J. Berg, Cynthia J. Callaghan, William M. Hsia, Jason TI The black-white disparity in pregnancy-related mortality from 5 conditions: Differences in prevalence and case-fatality rates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BLACK/WHITE CANCER SURVIVAL; UNITED-STATES; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; HEMORRHAGE; HYPERTENSION; WOMEN AB Objectives. We sought to determine whether differences in the prevalences of 5 specific pregnancy complications or differences in case fatality rates for those complications explained the disproportionate risk of pregnancy-related mortality for Black women compared with White women in the United States. Methods. We used national data sets to calculate prevalence and case-fatality rates among Black and White women for preeclampsia, eclampsia, abruptio placentae, placenta previa, and postpartum hemorrhage for the years 1988 to 1999. Results. Black women did not have significantly greater prevalence rates than White women. However, Black women with these conditions were 2 to 3 times more likely to die from them than were White women. Conclusions. Higher pregnancy-related mortality among Black women from preeclampsia, eclampsia, abruptio placentae, placenta previa, and postpartum hemorrhage is largely attributable to higher case-fatality rates. Reductions in case-fatality rates may be made by defining more precisely the mechanisms that affect complication severity and risk of death, including complex interactions of biology and health services, and then applying this knowledge in designing interventions that improve pregnancy-related outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tucker, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mail Stop 23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.072975 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 132NO UT WOS:000243949700020 PM 17194867 ER PT J AU Boggild, AK Parise, ME Lewis, LS Kain, KC AF Boggild, Andrea K. Parise, Monica E. Lewis, Linda S. Kain, Kevin C. TI Atovaquone-proguanil: Report from the CDC expert meeting on malaria chemoprophylaxis (II) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII-PNEUMONIA; PLUS PROGUANIL; VIVAX MALARIA; CYTOCHROME-B; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; DOUBLE-BLIND; IN-VITRO; CHLOROQUINE-PROGUANIL; NONIMMUNE TRAVELERS AB The fixed dose combination of atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride, marketed under the trade name Malarone (TM), is the most recently approved agent in North America for the prevention and treatment of chloroquine- and multi-drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In both adult and pediatric populations, atovaquone-proguanil demonstrates consistently high protective efficacy against P. falciparum, and in treatment trials, cure rates exceed 93%. Only a handful of genetically confirmed treatment failures have been reported to date. Atovaquone-proguanil has an excellent safety profile during both prophylaxis and treatment courses, with severe adverse events rarely reported. This topical review will examine the evidence behind the current indications for use of atovaquone-proguanil, and will summarize the current body of literature surrounding safety and tolerability. C1 Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Parasit Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hlth Studies Consulting, Medford, OR 97501 USA. Univ Toronto, UHN, Ctr Travel & Trop Med,McLaughlin Rotman Ctr Globa, Dept Med,Toronto Gen Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Boggild, AK (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM andrea.boggild@utoronto.ca; mparise@cdc.gov; lslewis_dvm_mpvm@sbcglobal.net; Kevin.Kain@uhn.on.ca NR 92 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 BP 208 EP 223 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 135GN UT WOS:000244142200003 PM 17297027 ER PT J AU Genrich, GL Guarner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Greer, PW Barnwell, JW Zaki, SR AF Genrich, Gillian L. Guarner, Jeannette Paddock, Christopher D. Shieh, Wun-Ju Greer, Patricia W. Barnwell, John W. Zaki, Sherif R. TI Fatal malaria infection in travelers: Novel immunohistochemical assays for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum in tissues and implications for pathogenesis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HISTIDINE-RICH PROTEIN-2; HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA; CLINICAL SYMPTOMS; IMPORTED MALARIA; ANTIGEN; ERYTHROCYTES; DIAGNOSIS; PARASITES; RECEPTOR; FAILURE AB Plasmodium falciparum is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in travelers to areas where the parasite is endemic. Non-specific clinical manifestations may result in failure to recognize malaria until autopsy, when it is often too late to obtain whole blood for microscopic evaluation. The use of immunohistochemical (IHC) assays in the detection of three P. falciparum antigens, histidine rich protein-2 (HRP-2), aldolase, and Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), was evaluated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded autopsy tissues from five travelers to malaria-endemic areas, whose deaths were initially suspected to have been caused by other bacterial or viral hemorrhagic fevers. The HRP-2 assay was specific for P.falciparum, whereas the aldolase and pLDH assays also reacted with P. vivax. Immunostaining patterns were predominately cytoplasmic and membranous. P. falciparum antigens were detected in a variety of organs but were most abundant in the blood vessels of brain, heart, and lung tissues. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zaki, SR (reprint author), CDC, IDPA, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSG 32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sxz1@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 66 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 135GN UT WOS:000244142200008 PM 17297032 ER PT J AU Migele, J Ombeki, S Ayalo, M Biggerstaff, M Quick, R AF Migele, John Ombeki, Sam Ayalo, Mary Biggerstaff, Matthew Quick, Robert TI Short report: Diarrhea prevention in a Kenyan school through the use of a simple safe water and hygiene intervention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID STORAGE; DISEASE AB To prevent diarrhea in rural Western Kenya, we implemented the Safe Water System (water treatment with bleach, safe storage, and behavior-change communications) in 2000. We implemented a pilot project in a school in May 2003. Teachers taught Students about safe water and hygiene. Safe water storage vessels were placed between classrooms. Two large water tanks for handwashing were positioned by the kitchen and latrines. The vessels were filled daily with water, which was treated with bleach and monitored for free chlorine residuals. Daily student care logs at the local clinic were reviewed. Clinic visits for diarrhea peaked during the January through March period in 2002 at 130 and in 2003 at 71, but in 2004, after project implementation, only 13 diarrhea episodes were recorded. The project saved the school about $5.49 per student per year. The project has been expanded to 70 schools, and an evaluation is planned. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Safe Water, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CARE Kenya, Homa Bay, Kenya. RP Quick, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rxq1@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 BP 351 EP 353 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 135GN UT WOS:000244142200024 PM 17297048 ER PT J AU Adjemian, JZ Foley, P Gage, KL Foley, JE AF Adjemian, Jennifer Zipser Foley, Patrick Gage, Kenneth L. Foley, Janet E. TI Initiation and spread of traveling waves of plague, Yersinia pestis, in the western United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO; PRAIRIE-DOG; NEW-MEXICO; DISEASE; THRESHOLDS; INVASIONS; EPIDEMICS; DYNAMICS AB Yersinia pestis invaded the continental United States in 1900 and subsequently became established in wild rodent populations in several western states, traversing 2,250 km ill approximately 40 years. However, the specific path of the eastward expansion of plague into the United States is poorly understood. We directly calculated velocities of disease spread and performed trend-surface analyses on spatio-temporally unique plague cases to clarify the route and speed of the initial spread of plague eastward. Velocities of disease spread were then analyzed using multiple linear regression models to identify environmental features that significantly impacted the rate of spread. Between one and three introductions of plague along the Pacific coast were observed, after which plague traveled from 45 to 87 km/year. In all regression models, the coast ranges of California were associated with slower spread, and the Southern Rockies were associated with a significant increase in the rate of disease spread. Additional climatic and environmental factors affecting the velocity of plague's spread varied among the models. Maps were developed to graphically represent the traveling waves of plague over the United States landscape. These analyses identify important large-scale trends regarding the eastward invasion of plague into the continental United States that can be used to better understand the historical spread of plague, as well as how to manage threats from new or re-emerging diseases that might operate under similar spatio-temporal dynamics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Grad Grp Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Biol Sci, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Adjemian, JZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jczipser@ucdavis.edu NR 39 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 BP 365 EP 375 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 135GN UT WOS:000244142200026 PM 17297050 ER PT J AU Saltzman, LE Basile, KC Mahendra, RR Steenkamp, M Ingram, E Ikeda, R AF Saltzman, Linda E. Basile, Kathleen C. Mahendra, Reshma R. Steenkamp, Malinda Ingram, Eben Ikeda, Robin TI National estimates of sexual violence treated in emergency departments SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL-CARE; ASSAULT; PREVALENCE; EXPERIENCE; VICTIMS; SEEKING; WOMEN AB Study objective: There is little information about sexual violence cases treated in emergency departments (EDs). This study describes ED visits associated with sexual violence and considers the associated health care burden. Methods: A descriptive analysis was conducted using nationally representative data on nonfatal injury-related ED visits identified in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) as sexual violence. To better understand these NEISS-AIP data, additional information about ED management of cases was collected, and additional information was collected from NEISS-AIP coders to determine the percentage of hospitals serving as designated examination facilities for sexual assault. Results: Of all assault visits to the ED, 4.2% were sexual assault related, which represents an estimated 143,647 ED visits for sexual assault in 2001 to 2002. The majority of sexual assault-related visits involved female and young patients. Nearly half of ED visits for sexual violence had missing perpetrator data. Additional data from hospitals revealed that in 77.8% of the 54 sexual assault cases, someone with specific training completed the examination, and the majority of the hospitals in this study serve as designated examination facilities for sexual assault. Conclusion: Given the dearth of national data on sexual violence cases presented at US EDs, the data presented in this article are useful to understand the impact of sexual violence on the health care system at a national level. More complete documentation of sexual assault-related cases in EDs is needed to get a better estimate of the problem in future studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Remote Hlth, Alice Springs, NT, Australia. RP Basile, KC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K60,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kbasile@cdc.gov OI Steenkamp, Malinda/0000-0002-3081-4465 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 210 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.10.015 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 132QR UT WOS:000243957800014 PM 17145110 ER PT J AU McGuire, LC Ajani, UA Ford, ES AF McGuire, Lisa C. Ajani, Umed A. Ford, Earl S. TI Cognitive functioning in late life: The impact of moderate alcohol consumption SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aging; alcohol drinking; cognition; longitudinal studies ID BINGE DRINKING; HEALTH HABITS; US ADULTS; OLD-AGE; RISK; IMPAIRMENT; SMOKING; DEMENTIA; COHORT; ACETYLCHOLINE AB PURPOSE: Sex differences in the association between moderate alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning were examined during 4 years. METHODS: Participants were 2716 US older adults 70 years and older (mean age, = 76.02 years) who were free of cognitive impairment from the Second Longitudinal Study of Aging (1994 to 2000). Multiple logistic regression models were used to predict cognitive functioning (adapted Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status) from average daily alcohol intake (no drink, one drink or less daily, and more than one drink daily) during 4 years after controlling for covariates. RESULTS: Sex differences in the association between alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning were found (p < 0.01). Older adults with alcohol consumption of one drink or less per day had a lower odds of low cognitive functioning compared with abstainers for women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.83), but not men (AOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.69-1.34). CONCLUSIONS: For older adults with a level of cognitive functioning within normal ranges, moderate amounts of alcohol, an average of one drink or less daily, was protective for women, but not men. Caution should be used in suggesting moderate alcohol consumption to maintain cognitive functioning because of the risks of consuming alcohol. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McGuire, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lmcguire@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.06.005 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 132CM UT WOS:000243919700002 PM 17027288 ER PT J AU Petitti, DB Imperatore, G Palla, SL Daniels, SR Dolan, LM Kershnar, AK Marcovina, S Pettitt, DJ Pihoker, C AF Petitti, Diana B. Imperatore, Giuseppina Palla, Shana L. Daniels, Stephen R. Dolan, Lawrence M. Kershnar, Ann K. Marcovina, Santica Pettitt, David J. Pihoker, Catherine CA SEARCH Diabet Youth Study Grp TI Serum lipids and glucose control - The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; YOUNG-ADULTS; INTENSIVE TREATMENT; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS; SUBGROUP-ANALYSES; DCCT/EDIC COHORT; TYPE-1 AB Objective: To assess the relationship of serum lipid concentrations with glucose control in youth with diabetes mellitus. Design: Cross-sectional analyses of data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Setting: Multicenter study of youth with diabetes onset at younger than 20 years. Patients/Participants: Nineteen hundred seventy-three SEARCH participants aged 10 years or older with hemoglobin A(1c) and fasting total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride measured at the SEARCH study examination. Main Exposure: Hemoglobin A(1c). Outcome Measure: Lipid concentrations. Results: There were significant trends of higher levels of TC, LDL-C, triglyceride, and non-HDL-C (but not HDL-C) with higher hemoglobin A(1c) concentrations for both diabetes types. The slopes of TC increase were 7.8 mg/dL (0.20 mmol/L) per unit increase in hemoglobin A(1c) for type 1 and 8.1 mg/dL (0.21 mmol/L) for type 2. Levels of TC, LDL-C, triglyceride, and non-HDL-C were all significantly higher (all P values <.001) in type 2 than in type 1 diabetes ( mean differences in milligrams per deciliter [millimoles per liter], + 13.6 [+0.35] for TC; +8.3 [+0.22] for LDL-C; +66.3 [+0.75] for triglyceride; +25.5 [+0.66] for non-HDL-C). Levels of HDL-C were lower in youth with type 2 diabetes (mean difference, -11.9 mg/dL [-0.31 mmol/L]). Among those with type 1 diabetes in poor glycemic control, 35%, 27%, and 12% had high concentrations of TC (>= 200 mg/dL [ 5.17 mmol/L]), LDL-C (>= 130 mg/dL [3.36 mmol/L]), and triglyceride (>= 200 mg/dL [2.26 mmol/L]), respectively. In youth with type 2 diabetes in poor glycemic control, percentages with high levels of TC, LDL-C, and triglycerides were 65%, 43%, and 40%, respectively. Conclusions: Glycemic control and lipid levels are independently associated in youth with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. C1 Kaiser Permanente, Dept Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA 91188 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. NW Res Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA. Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Petitti, DB (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Dept Res & Evaluat, 393 E Walnut St, Pasadena, CA 91188 USA. EM diana.b.petitti@kp.org FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U01 DP000247, DP-05-069, U01 DP000244, U01 DP000245, U01 DP000246, U01 DP000248, U01 DP000250, U01 DP000254]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00069, M01 RR01070, M01 RR08084, M01RR00037, M01RR001271]; PHS HHS [00097] NR 38 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 1072-4710 EI 1538-3628 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 161 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1001/archpedi.161.2.159 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 133DA UT WOS:000243990600008 PM 17283301 ER PT J AU Atladottir, HO Parner, ET Schendel, D Dalsgaard, S Thomsen, PH Thorsen, P AF Atladottir, Hjordis Osk Parner, Erik T. Schendel, Diana Dalsgaard, Soren Thomsen, Per Hove Thorsen, Poul TI Time trends in reported diagnoses of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders - A Danish cohort study SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PREVALENCE TRENDS; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMORBIDITY; CALIFORNIA AB Objectives: To examine trends in autism (autism spectrum disorder and childhood autism) in the context of 3 additional childhood neuropsychiatric disorders: hyperkinetic disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive compulsive disorder. Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: Children were identified in the Danish Medical Birth Registry. Relevant outcomes were obtained via linkage with the Danish National Psychiatric Register, which included reported diagnoses through 2004 by psychiatrists using diagnostic criteria from the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Participants: All children born in Denmark from 1990 through 1999, a total of 669 995 children. Main Outcome Measures: Cumulative incidence proportion by age, stratified by year of birth, for each disorder. Results: Statistically significant increases were found in cumulative incidence across specific birth years for autism spectrum disorder, childhood autism, hyperkinetic disorder, and Tourette syndrome. No significant change in cumulative incidence was observed for obsessive compulsive disorder. Conclusions: Recent increases in reported autism diagnoses might not be unique among childhood neuropsychiatric disorders and might be part of a more widespread epidemiologic phenomenon. The reasons for the observed common pattern of change in reported cumulative incidence could not be determined in this study, but the data underscore the growing awareness of and demand for services for children with neurodevelopmental disorders in general. C1 Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Aarhus, Dept Biostat, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Aarhus Univ Hosp, Psychiat Hosp Children & Adolescents, Aarhus, Denmark. RP Atladottir, HO (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, Paludan Mullersvej 17, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM hoa@soci.au.dk RI Parner, Erik/F-5532-2010; Dalsgaard, Soren/I-4595-2013 OI Dalsgaard, Soren/0000-0003-4659-0969 NR 39 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 161 IS 2 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1001/archpedi.161.2.193 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 133DA UT WOS:000243990600013 PM 17283306 ER PT J AU Miller, EA Keku, TO Satia, JA Martin, CF Galanko, JA Sandler, RS AF Miller, Eric A. Keku, Temitope O. Satia, Jessie A. Martin, Christopher F. Galanko, Joseph A. Sandler, Robert S. TI Calcium, dietary, and lifestyle factors in the prevention of colorectal adenomas SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE calcium; colorectal neoplasms; adenoma; fats; NSAID ID PROMOTED COLON CARCINOGENESIS; VITAMIN-D; SUPPLEMENTAL CALCIUM; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; BILE-ACIDS; CANCER; RISK; RECURRENCE; INHIBITION AB BACKGROUND. Many studies have suggested a role for calcium in reducing the risk of colorectal adenomas and cancer but its effectiveness may be dependent on interactions with other dietary and/or lifestyle factors. We examined the association between calcium and prevalence of adenomas and assessed whether the association was stronger in biologically plausible subgroups. METHODS. Cross-sectional data from 222 cases and 479 adenoma-free controls who underwent colonoscopies and completed food frequency and lifestyle questionnaires were used in the analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between calcium and prevalence of adenomas. Stratified analyses and the likelihood ratio test were used to examine effect modification by various demographic, lifestyle, and behavioral factors. RESULTS. Overall, little association was observed comparing total calcium intake of >= 900 mg/day to < 500 mg/day (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53-1.37). However, stronger associations were observed in patients with lower fat intake and in those who regularly (>= 15 times/month) took nonsteroidal antimflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Specifically, total calcium intake of >= 900 mg/day was associated with a lower prevalence of adenomas among patients with lower fat intake (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25-0.91) but not among those with higher fat intake (OR 1.20, 95% CI: 0.61-2.35; P-value for interaction = .01). For NSAIDs, the associations were OR = 0.37 (95% CI: 0.16-0.86) for regular NSAID users and OR = 1.27 (95% CI: 0.73-2.22) with infrequent or nonuse of NSAIDs, respectively (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS. The data suggest that a lower-fat diet and regular NSAID use may enhance calcium's effectiveness as a colorectal cancer preventive agent. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Gastrointestinal Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Miller, EA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bwe6@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 44684]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK34987] NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 510 EP 517 DI 10.1002/cncr.22453 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 131LF UT WOS:000243869700007 PM 17200965 ER PT J AU Steinau, M Rajeevan, MS Lee, DR Ruffin, MT Horowitz, IR Flowers, LC Tadros, T Birdsong, G Husain, M Kmak, DC Longton, GM Vernon, SD Unger, ER AF Steinau, Martin Rajeevan, Mangalathu S. Lee, Daisy R. Ruffin, Mack T. Horowitz, Ira R. Flowers, Lisa C. Tadros, Talaat Birdsong, George Husain, Mujtaba Kmak, David C. Longton, Garry M. Vernon, Suzanne D. Unger, Elizabeth R. TI Evaluation of RNA markers for early detection of cervical neoplasia in exfoliated cervical cells SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; INVASIVE-CARCINOMA; MOLECULAR MARKERS; CANCER; EXPRESSION; DNA; WOMEN; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS AB Numerous molecular biomarkers have been suggested for early detection of cervical cancer, but their usefulness in routinely collected exfoliated cells remains uncertain. We used quantitative reverse trans cri ption-PCR to evaluate expression of 40 candidate genes as markers for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in exfoliated cervical cells collected at the time of colposcopy. Samples from the 93 women with CIN3 or cancer were compared with those from 186 women without disease matched (1:2) for age, race, and high-risk human papillomavirus status. Normalized threshold cycles (C,) for each gene were analyzed by receiver operating characteristics to determine their diagnostic performance in a split sample validation approach. Six markers were confirmed by an area under the curve > 0.6 in both sample sets: claudin 1 (0.75), minichromosome maintenance deficient 5 (0.71) and 7 (0.64), cell division cycle 6 homologue (0.71), antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (0.66), and SHC SH2-domain binding protein 1 (0.61). The sensitivity for individual markers was relatively low and a combination of five genes to a panel resulted in 60% sensitivity with 76% specificity, not positively increasing this performance. Although the results did not indicate superiority of RNA markers for cervical cancer screening, their performance in detecting disease in women referred for colposcopy suggests that the genes and pathways they highlight could be useful in alternative detection formats or in combination with other screening indicators. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Steinau, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MSteinau@cdc.gov OI Ruffin, Mack/0000-0001-8336-478X; Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CN-0101-01, Y1-CN-5005-01] NR 32 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0540 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 137LF UT WOS:000244293400020 PM 17301262 ER PT J AU Northrop-Clewes, CA Thurnham, DI AF Northrop-Clewes, Christine A. Thurnham, David I. TI Monitoring micronutrients in cigarette smokers SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE smoking; antioxidants; vitamins; minerals ID LUNG-CANCER RISK; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; DIETARY VITAMIN-A; LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; STEADY-STATE TURNOVER; SERUM BETA-CAROTENE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; LOW-INCOME WOMEN AB Smoking is associated with oxidative stress and increased risks of many chronic diseases that both shorten life and impair its quality. Low concentrations of several micronutrients, especially the antioxidants vitamin C and beta-carotene, are also associated with smoking, and there has been much interest in determining whether deficiencies in micronutrients are involved etiologically in smoking-related diseases. The objective of this review was to bring together reports on dietary intakes, biochemical indicators of micronutrient status, and results of some intervention studies on micronutrients where authors had compared outcomes in smokers and non-smokers. The micronutrients discussed are vitamins A, E, and C; the carotenoids; some of the B-vitamin group; and the minerals selenium, zinc, copper, and iron. The data were then examined to determine whether effects on the biochemical markers of micronutrient status were due to differences in dietary intakes between smokers and non-smokers or to the consequences of inflammatory changes caused by the oxidative stress of smoking. It was concluded that although smoking is associated with reduced dietary intake of vitamin C and carotenoid-containing foods, inflammatory changes increase turnover of these micronutrients so that blood concentrations are still lower in smokers than non-smokers even when there is control for dietary differences. In the case of vitamin E, there is some evidence for increased turnover of this nutrient in smokers, but this has little to no influence on blood concentrations, and there are no differences in dietary intake of vitamin E between smokers and non-smokers. Serum concentrations of vitamin A, folate, and vitamin B-12 and B-6 markers do not appear to be influenced by smoking, although there is some influence of dietary intake on concentrations of these nutrients in the body. In the case of the minerals examined, the main effects on biochemical markers of mineral status were attributed to inflammation and were therefore greater in heavy or long-term smokers. Serum concentrations of selenium and erythrocyte GPx activity were lower in smokers. Erythrocyte CuZn-SOD activity and serum ceruloplasmin concentrations were elevated, while serum zinc concentrations were depressed only in heavy smokers. Lastly, smoking appears to affect iron homeostasis mainly by changing hemoglobin concentrations, which were in general increased. Serum iron, TfR, and ferritin were mostly unaffected by smoking, except in pregnancy where there is evidence of increased erythropoiesis causing lower saturation of plasma transferrin and some evidence of lowering of iron stores. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Ulster, NI Ctr Food & Hlth, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. RP Northrop-Clewes, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM celewes@cdc.gov NR 220 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD FEB PY 2007 VL 377 IS 1-2 BP 14 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2006.08.028 PG 25 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 128RC UT WOS:000243675000002 PM 17045981 ER PT J AU Gurbaxani, B AF Gurbaxani, Brian TI Mathematical modeling as accounting: Predicting the fate of serum proteins and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE FcRn; albumin; antibodies; half life; mathematical modeling ID NEONATAL FC-RECEPTOR; FRAGMENTS; AFFINITY; LIGAND AB This article reviews current efforts to mathematically model the half lives of serum proteins, especially antibodies. While it is recognized that the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, is necessary for longer serum persistence of certain proteins, particularly the high abundance IgGs and albumin, it is not clear that it is sufficient to completely determine the half lives of these proteins. More specifically, it is unclear why the high avidity (bivalent), high affinity FcRn-IgG interaction, with half saturation in the 10 to 100 nM range (at endosomal pH according to the currently proposed mechanism), would result in a salvage mechanism that saturates at serum concentrations in the 10 to 100 mg/ml range a discrepancy of 4 to 5 orders of magnitude. Alternative explanations include the proposal that the very tow affinity binding between FcRn and IgG at blood pH is also relevant to the salvage mechanism, and that factors in addition to FcRn binding modulate the maintenance and clearance of IgG from serum. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpes Virus Branch, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gurbaxani, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpes Virus Branch, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, MS A15,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM buw8@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 122 IS 2 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.clim.2006.10.001 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 130DJ UT WOS:000243779300001 PM 17126081 ER PT J AU Aragon, TJ Vugia, DJ Shallow, S Samuel, MC Reingold, A Angulo, FJ Bradford, WZ AF Aragon, Tomas J. Vugia, Duc J. Shallow, Sue Samuel, Michael C. Reingold, Arthur Angulo, Frederick J. Bradford, Williamson Z. TI Case-control study of shigellosis in San francisco: The role of sexual transmission and HIV infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; BACTEREMIA; MEN; DYSENTERY; TRAVELERS; OUTBREAK; FLEXNERI AB Background. Shigella species infect similar to 450,000 persons annually in the United States. Person- to- person transmission of Shigella species, which have a low infectious dose, occurs frequently, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. Sexual transmission of Shigella species among men who have sex with men ( MSM) has been inferred from outbreaks of shigellosis among that population, and limited studies have suggested the importance of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) infection as a risk factor for shigellosis. No population- based study of sporadic shigellosis has evaluated the role of sexual practices ( especially among MSM) and HIV infection along with other established risk factors for shigellosis. Methods. We conducted a population- based case- control study of shigellosis in adults in San Francisco, California, during the period 1998 - 1999. Cases of Shigella infection were identified through laboratory- based active surveillance conducted by the California Emerging Infections Program. Seventy- six case patients were matched by sex with 146 control subjects. Exposure data were collected on established risk factors, sexual practices, and HIV infection status. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were conducted. Population- attributable fractions were calculated. Results. From the multivariable analysis, for men, shigellosis was associated with MSM ( odds ratio [ OR], 8.24; 95% confidence interval [ CI], 2.70 - 25.2), HIV infection ( OR, 8.17; 95% CI, 2.71 - 24.6), direct oral- anal contact ( OR, 7.50; 95% CI, 1.74 - 32.3), and foreign travel ( OR, 20.0; 95% CI, 5.26 - 76.3), with population- attributable fractions of 0.72, 0.42, 0.31, and 0.18, respectively. For women, shigellosis was associated only with foreign travel ( OR, 21.0; 95% CI, 2.52 - 899), with a population- attributable fraction of 0.37. Conclusions. Among MSM, shigellosis is predominantly a sexually transmitted disease, with direct oral- anal contact conferring the highest risk and HIV infection likely contributing to increased host susceptibility. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aragon, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, 140 Warren Hall,MC-7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aragon@berkeley.edu NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1086/510593 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 123SE UT WOS:000243315100009 PM 17205436 ER PT J AU Avashia, SB Riggins, WS Lindley, C Hoffmaster, A Drumgoole, R Nekomoto, T Jackson, PJ Hill, KK Williams, K Lehman, L Libal, MC Wilkins, PP Alexander, J Tvaryanas, A Betz, T AF Avashia, Swati B. Riggins, W. S. Lindley, Connie Hoffmaster, Alex Drumgoole, Rahsaan Nekomoto, Trudi Jackson, Paul J. Hill, Karen K. Williams, Karen Lehman, Lulu Libal, Melissa C. Wilkins, Patricia P. Alexander, James Tvaryanas, Anthony Betz, Tom TI Fatal pneumonia among metalworkers due to inhalation exposure to Bacillus cereus containing Bacillus anthracis toxin genes SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID IDENTIFICATION; BIOTERRORISM AB Bacillus cereus pneumonia is unusual in nonimmunocompromised hosts. We describe fatal cases in 2 metalworkers and the associated investigation. Anthrax toxin genes were identified in B. cereus isolates from both patients using polymerase chain reaction. Finding anthrax toxin genes in non Bacillus anthracis isolates has, to our knowledge, only been reported once previously. C1 Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Canyon, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Avashia, SB (reprint author), 2001st St, Austin, TX 78722 USA. EM sbavashia@sbcglobal.net NR 10 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 414 EP 416 DI 10.1086/510429 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 123SE UT WOS:000243315100023 PM 17205450 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC AF Tenover, Fred C. TI Rapid detection and identification of bacterial pathogens using novel molecular technologies: Infection control and beyond SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; REAL-TIME PCR; BLOOD CULTURES; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; ENTEROCOCCI; ASSAY; SPECIMENS; CARRIAGE AB The rapid detection and reporting of antimicrobial- resistant pathogens, such as methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin- resistant enterococci, and multidrug- resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a challenge for the clinical microbiology laboratory. Molecular- based diagnostic tests can provide data on the presence of methicillin- resistant S. aureus in the nares in similar to 1 h, whereas testing for the vanA and vanB resistance genes in enterococci isolated from perirectal samples can be completed in similar to 4 h. Novel pyrosequencing assays can provide data regarding the presence of multidrug- resistant M. tuberculosis directly from positive mycobacterial broth cultures in < 1 day. These data can assist physicians in both therapeutic and infection control decisions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fnt1@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 418 EP 423 DI 10.1086/510684 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 123SE UT WOS:000243315100025 PM 17205452 ER PT J AU Ijaz, K McElroy, PD Jereb, J Navin, TR Castro, KG AF Ijaz, Kashef McElroy, Peter D. Jereb, John Navin, Thomas R. Castro, Kenneth G. TI Safety of the rifampin and pyrazinamide short-course regimen for treating latent tuberculosis infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID LIVER-INJURY; HEPATOTOXICITY; THERAPY; RATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jereb, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jxj4@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 464 EP 465 DI 10.1086/510749 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 123SE UT WOS:000243315100034 PM 17205462 ER PT J AU Petersen, R Albright, JB Garrett, JM Curtis, KM AF Petersen, Ruth Albright, Jennifer B. Garrett, Joanne M. Curtis, Kathryn M. TI Acceptance and use of emergency contraception with standardized counseling intervention: results of a randomized controlled trial SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 133rd Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY DEC 10-14, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc DE emergency contraception; contraception; health services; unintended pregnancy ID ADVANCE PROVISION; YUZPE REGIMEN; LEVONORGESTREL AB Objective: The objective of this work was to evaluate the acceptance, use and recall of an optional advance prescription for emergency contraception (EC). Materials and Methods: This study used as randomized controlled trial evaluating contraceptive counseling intervention with women aged 16-44 years who were at risk for unintended pregnancy (N=737). Intervention participants (n =365) received contraceptive counseling with optional advance EC prescription. Control women (n = 3 72) received no contraceptive or EC counseling. Among intervention participants, initial acceptance and use of EC in first 2 months were evaluated. Among all participants, differences were evaluated between recall of EC discussion and use of EC. Results: Among 365 intervention women, 336 received EC counseling and 51% of these 336 accepted advance EC prescription. At 2 months, among the women who had accepted EC, 6% had filled and used their prescription and 8% had filled but not used their prescription. At 12 months, intervention women were significantly more likely than controls to recall talking about EC (33% vs. 5%) and obtaining a prescription (38% vs. 6%), but there were no differences in the use of EC (6% vs. 6%). Conclusion: When the option is available for EC counseling, approximately half of women accepted advance prescription for EC. However, few women who received information and/or an advance prescription remembered discussing EC, filled the prescription or used EC over 12 months. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Womens Hlth Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Cecil Sheps Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. RP Petersen, R (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Womens Hlth Res, CB 7521, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ruth_petersen@unc.edu FU ATSDR CDC HHS [U50/CCU300860 TS-076] NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.08.009 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 134NH UT WOS:000244089600009 PM 17241841 ER PT J AU Slutsker, L Marston, BJ AF Slutsker, Laurence Marston, Barbara J. TI HIV and malaria: interactions and implications SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE antiretroviral therapy; cotrimoxazole prophylaxis; HIV; insecticide-treated mosquito nets; intermittent preventive treatment; malaria ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; CD4 CELL COUNT; PLACENTAL MALARIA; WESTERN KENYA; RURAL MALAWI; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS AB Purpose of review This review summarizes accumulating evidence of interactions between HIV and malaria and implications related to prevention and treatment of coinfection. Recent findings HIV-infected persons are at increased risk for clinical malaria; the risk is greatest when immune suppression is advanced. Adults with advanced HIV may be at risk for failure of malaria treatment, especially with sulfa-based therapies. Malaria is associated with increases in HIV viral load that, while modest, may impact HIV progression or the risk of HIV transmission. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis greatly reduces the risk of malaria in people with HIV; the risk can be further reduced with antiretroviral treatment and the use of insecticide treated mosquito nets. Increased numbers of doses of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy can reduce the risk of placental malaria in women with HIV. Summary Interactions between malaria and HIV have important public health implications. People with HIV should use cotrimoxazole and insecticide treated mosquito nets. Malaria prevention is particularly important for pregnant women with HIV, although more information is needed about the best combination of strategies for prevention. In people with HIV, malaria diagnoses should be confirmed, highly effective drugs should be used for treatment, and possible drug interactions should be considered. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis,Dept Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Care & Treatment Branch, Global AIDS Program,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis Sexually Transmitted Infec, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Slutsker, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis,Dept Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lslutsker@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1097/QCO.0b013e328012c5cd PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 130PG UT WOS:000243810900002 PM 17197875 ER PT J AU Peterman, TA Furness, BW AF Peterman, Thomas A. Furness, Bruce W. TI The resurgence of syphilis among men who have sex with men SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE diagnosis; epidemiology; prevention; syphilis ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; NEW-YORK-CITY; SAN-FRANCISCO; UNITED-STATES; BISEXUAL MEN; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIC SYPHILIS AB Purpose of review To identify recent progress and emerging problems in addressing syphilis among men who have sex with men. Recent findings A resurgence of syphilis has occurred among men who have sex with men in many developed countries. Infection has been associated with HIV coinfection, multiple partners, and recreational drug use. Unlike HIV, oral sex appears to be a common route of syphilis transmission. Many prevention approaches have shown, at best, modest success. Variable clinical presentation and potentially inconclusive lab tests make diagnosis confusing. Summary As the infection remains relatively rare, clinicians treating men who have sex with men should maintain a high index of suspicion for syphilis lesions, and should screen their sexually active patients for latent disease, Debates about syphilis control and treatment continue. The clinical manifestations, serologic responses, efficacy of treatment, and complications of syphilis have always been complicated. HIV coinfection adds to the confusion. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Bur Communicable Dis Control, Div STD Control, Washington, DC USA. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tap1@cdc.gov NR 64 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 54 EP 59 DI 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32801158cc PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 130PG UT WOS:000243810900009 PM 17197882 ER PT J AU Panicker, G Meadows, KS Lee, DR Nisenbaum, R Unger, ER AF Panicker, Gitika Meadows, Kristi S. Lee, Daisy R. Nisenbaum, Rosane Unger, Elizabeth R. TI Effect of storage temperatures on the stability of cytokines in cervical mucous SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE cervical mucous; cytokines; luminex ID SECRETIONS; COLLECTION; PLASMA; BLOOD; ALPHA AB Cytokines have progressively come to serve as indicators for the presence or severity of a disease. But accurate measurement of cytokine levels can be deterred by lack of proper handling and storage of the samples. In this study, we attempted to measure the effect of snap-freezing and refrigeration at the time of collection on cervical mucous. Luminex analyses of the frozen and refrigerated pairs exhibited no significant differences in levels for 7 out of the 10 cytokines measured simultaneously. The cytokines TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1 beta, were significantly different between the pairs with the refrigerated samples showing higher levels for each of these cytokines. The results suggest that refrigeration of mucous samples immediately after collection would allow for better conservation of the cytokines in cervical mucous. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Unger, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dhvl@cdc.gov; kts9@cdc.gov; del5@cdc.gov; NisenbaumR@smh.toronto.on.ca; EUnger@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y01 CN0101-01, Y1 CN010101] NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 176 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.03.006 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 174FJ UT WOS:000246927000010 PM 17449271 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, A Unnasch, TR Crothers, K Eiser, S Zucchi, P Moir, J Beard, CB Lawrence, GG Huang, L AF de Oliveira, Ana Unnasch, Thomas R. Crothers, Kristina Eiser, Shary Zucchi, Patrizia Moir, Jonathan Beard, Charles B. Lawrence, Gena G. Huang, Laurence TI Performance of a molecular viability assay for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected patients SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE PCP; opportunistic infections; HIV/AIDS; RT-PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE GENE; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ORAL-WASH SAMPLES; CARINII-PNEUMONIA; SULFONE PROPHYLAXIS; INDUCED SPUTUM; AIDS PATIENTS; TOUCH-DOWN; NESTED PCR AB Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), caused by infection with Pneumocystis jirovecii, remains an important opportunistic infection in humans. A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay has been shown to specifically detect viable P. firovecii organisms. In the current study, we evaluated this assay on different types of respiratory samples. The assay had a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 86% when applied to bronchoalveolar lavage samples. The assay's performance declined when applied to less invasive induced sputum and oropharyugeal wash (OPW) samples. The sensitivity, when applied to OPWs, was improved by examining multiple sequential OPW samples and was affected by clinical sampling parameters that could increase or decrease the number of potential organisms in the oropharynx. When used in conjunction with an optimized clinical sampling protocol, this assay may become a useful tool for detecting and monitoring P. firovecii in minimally invasive clinical samples. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, HIV AIDS Div, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Unnasch, TR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Div Geog Med, BBRB Box 7, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM trunnasch@geomed.dom.uab.edu OI Crothers, Kristina/0000-0001-9702-0371 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K23 HL072117, K23 HL 072117, K23 HL072117-04] NR 37 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 57 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.08.015 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 134LT UT WOS:000244085300008 PM 17049800 ER PT J AU Ortiz, JR Wallis, TR Katz, MA Berman, LS Balish, A Lindstrom, SE Veguilla, V Teates, KS Katz, JM Klimov, A Uyeki, TM AF Ortiz, Justin R. Wallis, Teresa R. Katz, Mark A. Berman, LaShondra S. Balish, Amanda Lindstrom, Stephen E. Veguilla, Vic Teates, Kathryn S. Katz, Jacqueline M. Klimov, Alexander Uyeki, Timothy M. TI No evidence of avian influenza A (H5N1) among returning US travelers SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; INFECTION AB We reviewed reports to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of US travelers suspected of having avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection from February 2003 through May 2006. Among the 59 reported patients, no evidence of H5N1 virus infection was found; none had direct contact with poultry, but 42% had evidence of human influenza A. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ortiz, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dzv3@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 294 EP 297 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 134UY UT WOS:000244111000017 PM 17479895 ER PT J AU Nemeth, N Kratz, G Edwards, E Scherpelz, J Bowen, R Komar, N AF Nemeth, Nicole Kratz, Gail Edwards, Eric Scherpelz, Judy Bowen, Richard Komar, Nicholas TI Surveillance for West Nile virus in clinic-admitted raptors, Colorado SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; BIRDS AB In 2005, 13.5% of clinic-admitted raptors in northern Colorado tested positive for West Nile virus (WNV). Clinic-admitted-raptor surveillance detected WNV activity nearly 14 weeks earlier than other surveillance systems. WNV surveillance using live raptor admissions to rehabilitation clinics may offer a novel surveillance method and should be considered along with other techniques already in use. C1 Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Rocky Mt Raptor Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Nemeth, N (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, 3801 W Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM nnemeth@colostate.edu NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 305 EP 307 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 134UY UT WOS:000244111000020 PM 17479898 ER PT J AU Beatty, ME Hunsperger, E Long, E Schurch, J Jain, S Colindres, R Lerebours, G Bernard, YM Dobbins, JG Brown, M Clark, GG AF Beatty, Mark E. Hunsperger, Elizabeth Long, Earl Schurch, Julia Jain, Seema Colindres, Rom Lerebours, Gerald Bernard, Yves-Marie Dobbins, James Goodman Brown, Mathew Clark, Gary G. TI Mosquitoborne infections after Hurricane Jeanne, Haiti, 2004 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; DENGUE VIRUSES; IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODIES AB After Hurricane Jeanne in September 2004, surveillance for mosquitoborne diseases in GonaYves, Haiti, identified 3 patients with malaria, 2 with acute dengue infections, and 2 with acute West Nile virus infections among 116 febrile patients. These are the first reported human West Nile virus infections on the island of HisDaniola. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. John Snow Inc, Port Prince, Haiti. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Port Prince, Haiti. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Port Prince, Haiti. Agr Res Serv, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Beatty, ME (reprint author), Int Vaccine Inst, Pediat Dengue Vaccine Initiat, SNU Res Pk,San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 Dong, Seoul 151919, South Korea. EM mbeatty@pdvi.org NR 15 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 308 EP 310 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 134UY UT WOS:000244111000021 PM 17479899 ER PT J AU Whitman, TJ Richards, AL Paddock, CD Tamminga, CL Sniezek, PJ Jiang, J Byers, DK Sanders, JW AF Whitman, Timothy J. Richards, Allen L. Paddock, Christopher D. Tamminga, Cindy L. Sniezek, Patrick J. Jiang, Ju Byers, David K. Sanders, John W. TI Rickettsia parkeri infection after tick bite, Virginia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; DISEASES AB We describe a man with a febrile illness and an eschar that developed at the site of a tick bite. Rickettsia parkeri was detected and isolated from the eschar. This report represents the second documented case of R. parkeri rickettsiosis in a US serviceman in eastern Virginia. C1 USN, Dept Infect Dis, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitman, TJ (reprint author), USN, Dept Infect Dis, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM tjwhitman@bethesda.med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 12 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 334 EP 336 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 134UY UT WOS:000244111000029 PM 17479907 ER PT J AU Brouwer, KC Mirel, LB Yang, C Lal, RB Koiczak, MS Van Eijk, AM Ayisi, J Otieno, JA Nahlen, BL Steketee, R Shi, YP Lal, AA AF Brouwer, Kimberly C. Mirel, Lisa B. Yang, Chunfu Lal, Renu B. Koiczak, Margarette S. Van Eijk, Anne M. Ayisi, John Otieno, Juliana A. Nahlen, Bernard L. Steketee, Richard Shi, Ya Ping Lal, Altaf A. TI Subclinical Plasmodium falciparum infection and HIV-1 viral load SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID WESTERN KENYA; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; MALARIA INFECTION; CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. New Nyanza Prov Gen Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Brouwer, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC 0622, La Jolla, CA 93093 USA. EM kbrouwer@ucsd.edu RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 351 EP 353 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 134UY UT WOS:000244111000039 PM 17479917 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Microbiologic and cultural interchange SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 357 EP 358 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 134UY UT WOS:000244111000042 PM 17479920 ER PT J AU Visser, MC Ownby, D Aguilar-Villalobos, M Needham, LL Naeher, LP AF Visser, Molly C. Ownby, Dennis Aguilar-Villalobos, Manuel Needham, Larry L. Naeher, Luke P. TI A pilot study to assess residential endotoxin and blood IgE in a group of pregnant women from Trujillo, Peru SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE IgE; endotoxin; pregnant women; Peru; developing world ID HOUSE-DUST ENDOTOXIN; ALLERGIC SENSITIZATION; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; ADULTS AB Objective: This November 2003 pilot study investigates the correlation between serum IgE and residential endotoxin levels from a group of 18 pregnant women living in Trujillo, Peru, and investigates the impact of the demographic and lifestyle factors of this group on the IgE and endotoxin levels measured. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 19 subjects and analyzed for IgE. Dust samples were collected from the mattresses of 18 subjects and measured for endotoxin levels. A questionnaire was used to obtain demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle information for each subject. Results: Geometric means for IgE and endotoxin were 246.8 (GSD=4.3, n=19) IU/mL and 66.5 EU/mg (GSD=1.7, n=18), respectively. Log-transformed IgE and endotoxin were not correlated (R-2=0.02; p=0.60). Conclusions: Residential endotoxin and serum IgE were not correlated in this group. Potential selection bias and sample size are major limitations of the study. However, 74% (14/19) of the subjects in this study had an IgE over 100 IU/mL, a level generally considered elevated. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Asociac Aire Ambiental, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Naeher, LP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, EHS Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM LNaeher@uga.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 147 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2006.08.009 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 130LA UT WOS:000243799900002 PM 17011622 ER PT J AU Demchuk, E Yucesoy, B Johnson, VJ Andrew, M Weston, A Germolec, DR De Rosa, CT Luster, MI AF Demchuk, Eugene Yucesoy, Berran Johnson, Victor J. Andrew, Michael Weston, Ainsley Germolec, Dori R. De Rosa, Christopher T. Luster, Michael I. TI A statistical model for assessing genetic susceptibility as a risk factor in multifactorial diseases: Lessons from occupational asthma SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asthma; genetics; polygenic diseases; risk assessment; susceptibility genes ID PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; ALLERGIC-ASTHMA; ASSOCIATION; RECEPTOR; METAANALYSIS; VARIANTS; ATOPY AB BACKGROUND: Incorporating the influence of genetic variation in the risk assessment process is often considered, but no generalized approach exists. Many common human diseases such as asthma, cancer, and cardiovascular disease are complex in nature, as they are influenced variably by environmental, physiologic, and genetic factors. The genetic components most responsible for differences in individual disease risk are thought to be DNA variants (polymorphisms) that influence the expression or function of mediators involved in the pathological processes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the combinatorial contribution of multiple genetic variants to disease risk. METHODS: We used a logistic regression model to help estimate the joint contribution that multiple genetic variants would have on disease risk. This model was developed using data collected from molecular epidemiology studies of allergic asthma that examined variants in 16 susceptibility genes. RESULTS: Based on the product of single gene variant odds ratios, the risk of developing asthma was assigned to genotype profiles, and the frequency of each profile was estimated for the general population. Our model predicts that multiple disease variants broaden the risk distribution, facilitating the identification of susceptible populations. This model also allows for incorporation of exposure information as an independent variable, which will be important for risk variants associated with specific exposures. CONCLUSION: The present model provided an opportunity to estimate the relative change in risk associated with multiple genetic variants. This will facilitate identification of susceptible populations and help provide a framework to model the genetic contribution in probabilistic risk assessment. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Inflammatory & Immune Dis Team, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NIEHS, Toxicol Operat Branch, Environm Toxicol Program, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Yucesoy, B (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Inflammatory & Immune Dis Team, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S 3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM byucesoy@cdc.gov RI Johnson, Victor/A-7910-2009; Yucesoy, Berran/B-4497-2009 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES-69277266]; OFP OPHS HHS [921Z4FP] NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 115 IS 2 BP 231 EP 234 DI 10.1289/ehp.8870 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 132ML UT WOS:000243946800031 PM 17384770 ER PT J AU Bowen, AB Kile, JC Otto, C Kazerouni, N Austin, C Blount, BC Wong, HN Beach, MJ Fry, AM AF Bowen, Anna B. Kile, James C. Otto, Charles Kazerouni, Neely Austin, Connie Blount, Benjamin C. Wong, Hong-Nei Beach, Michael J. Fry, Alicia M. TI Outbreaks of short-incubation ocular and respiratory illness following exposure to indoor swimming pools SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE chloramines; cyanuric acid; disease outbreaks; indoor air pollution; swimming pools; triliallomethanes ID CYANURIC ACID; CHLORAMINES; WATER; SWIMMERS; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVES: Chlorination destroys pathogens in swimming pool water, but by-products of chlorination can cause human illness. We investigated outbreaks of ocular and respiratory symptoms associated with chlorinated indoor swimming pools at two hotels. MEASUREMENTS: We interviewed registered guests and companions who stayed at hotels X and Y within 2 days of outbreak onset. We performed bivariate and stratified analyses, calculated relative risks (RR), and conducted environmental investigations of indoor pool areas. RESULTS: Of 77 guests at hotel X, 47 (61%) completed questionnaires. Among persons exposed to the indoor pool area, 22 (71%) of 31 developed ocular symptoms [RR = 24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-370], and 14 (45%) developed respiratory symptoms (RR = 6.8; 95% CI, 1.0-47) with a median duration of 10 hr (0.25-24 hr). We interviewed 30 (39%) of 77 registered persons and 59 unregistered companions at hotel Y. Among persons exposed to the indoor pool area, 41 (59%) of 69 developed ocular symptoms (RR = 24; 95% Cl, 1.5-370), and 28 (41%) developed respiratory symptoms (RR = 17; 95% CI, 1.1-260) with a median duration of 2.5 hr (2 min-14 days). Four persons sought medical care. During the outbreak, the hotel X's ventilation system malfunctioned. Appropriate water and air samples were not available for laboratory analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE TO PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE: Indoor pool areas were associated with illness in these outbreaks. A large proportion of bathers were affected; symptoms were consistent with chloramine exposure and were sometimes severe. Improved staff training, pool maintenance, and pool area ventilation could prevent future outbreaks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot, Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Volatile Organ Cpd Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bowen, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot, Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM abowen@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 115 IS 2 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1289/ehp.9555 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 132ML UT WOS:000243946800037 PM 17384776 ER PT J AU Herbert, R Skloot, G Metzger, K Landrigan, PJ Moline, J Stein, D Todd, A Levin, SM Baron, S Udasin, I AF Herbert, Robin Skloot, Gwen Metzger, Kristina Landrigan, Philip J. Moline, Jacqueline Stein, Diane Todd, Andrew Levin, Stephen M. Baron, Sherry Udasin, Iris TI WTC five-year assessment: Herbert et al. respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Herbert, R (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. EM robin.herbert@mssm.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 115 IS 2 BP A72 EP A73 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 132ML UT WOS:000243946800005 ER PT J AU Noll, JD Bugarski, AD Patts, LD Mischler, SE McWilliams, L AF Noll, J. D. Bugarski, A. D. Patts, L. D. Mischler, S. E. McWilliams, L. TI Relationship between elemental carbon, total carbon, and diesel particulate matter in several underground metal/non-metal mines SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAL-MINES; EXHAUST; OVEREXPOSURE; CASSETTE AB Elemental carbon (EC) is currently used as a surrogate for diesel particulate matter (DPM) in underground mines since it can be accurately measured at low concentrations and diesels are the only source of submicrometer EC in underground mines. A disadvantage of using EC as a surrogate for DPM is that the fraction of EC in DPM is a function of various engine parameters and fuel formulations, etc. In order to evaluate how EC predicts DPM in the underground mining atmosphere, measurements of total carbon (TC; representing over 80% of the DPM) and EC were taken away from potential interferences in four underground metal/non-metal mines during actual production. In a controlled atmosphere, DPM mass, TIC, and EC measurements were also collected while several different types of vehicles simulated production with and without different types of control technologies. When diesel particulate filters (DPFs) were not used, both studies showed that EC could be used to predict DPM mass or TC. The variability of the data started to increase at TIC concentrations below 230 mu g/m(3) and was high (>+/- 20%) at TC concentrations below 160 mu g/m(3), probably due to the problem with sampling organic carbon (OC) at these concentrations. It was also discovered that when certain DPFs were used, the relationship between DPM and EC changed at lower DPM concentrations. C1 NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Noll, JD (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Pittsburgh Res Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM JIN1@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 710 EP 716 DI 10.1021/es061556a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HA UT WOS:000244002800017 PM 17333567 ER PT J AU Jones, TF McMillian, MB Scallan, E Frenzen, PD Cronquist, AB Thomas, S Angulo, FJ AF Jones, T. F. McMillian, M. B. Scallan, E. Frenzen, P. D. Cronquist, A. B. Thomas, S. Angulo, F. J. TI A population-based estimate of the substantial burden of diarrhoeal disease in the United States; FoodNet, 1996-2003 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; SURVEILLANCE; COMMUNITY; INFECTIONS; MAGNITUDE; CHILDREN; COHORT; DEATH; RISK AB From 1996 to 2003, four 12-month population-based surveys were performed in FoodNet sites to determine the burden of diarrhoeal disease in the population. Acute diarrhoeal illness (ADI) was defined as > 3 loose stools in 24 hours with impairment of daily activities or duration of diarrhoea > 1 day. A total of 52 840 interviews were completed. The overall weighted prevalence of ADI in the previous month was 5(.)1 % (95 % CI +/- 0(.)3 %), corresponding to 0(.)6 episodes of ADI per person per year. The average monthly prevalence of ADI was similar in each of the four survey cycles (range 4(.)5-5(.)2 %). Rates of ADI were highest in those age < 5 years. Of those with ADI, 33(.)8 % (95 % CI + 2(.)7 %) reported vomiting, 19(.)5 % (95 % Cl + 2(.)1 %) visited a medical provider, and 7(.)8 % (95 % CI + 1(.)4 %) took antibiotics. Rates of ADI were remarkably consistent over time, and demonstrate the substantial burden placed on the health-care system. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Comm & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Colorado Dept Hlth, Denver, CO 80220 USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Comm & Environm Dis Serv, 4th Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. EM tim.f.jones@state.tn.us NR 35 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 135 IS 2 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1017/S0950268806006765 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 142MA UT WOS:000244652800014 PM 17291364 ER PT J AU Wheeler, C Vugia, DJ Thomas, G Beach, MJ Carnes, S Maier, T Gorman, J Xiao, L Arrowood, MJ Gilliss, D Werner, SB AF Wheeler, C. Vugia, D. J. Thomas, G. Beach, M. J. Carnes, S. Maier, T. Gorman, J. Xiao, L. Arrowood, M. J. Gilliss, D. Werner, S. B. TI Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis at a California waterpark: employee and patron roles and the long road towards prevention SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID SWIMMING POOL; CHILDREN AB In August-September 2004, a cryptosporldiosis outbreak affected > 250 persons who visited a California waterpark. Employees and patrons of the waterpark were affected, and three employees and 16 patrons admitted to going into recreational water while ill with diarrhoea. The median illness onset date for waterpark employees was 8 days earlier than that for patrons. A case-control study determined that getting water in one's mouth on the waterpark's waterslides was associated with illness (adjusted odds ratio 7-4, 95% confidence interval 1.7-32.2). Laboratory studies identified Cryptosporidium oocysts in sand and backwash from the waterslides' filter, and environmental investigations uncovered inadequate water-quality record keeping and a design flaw in one of the filtration systems. Occurring more than a decade after the first reported outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in swimming pools, this outbreak demonstrates that messages about healthy swimming practices have not been adopted by pool operators and the public. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Branch, Div Communicable Dis Control, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. San Luis Obispo Cty Publ Hlth Dept, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wheeler, C (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Branch, Div Communicable Dis Control, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM cwheeler@dhs.ca.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 135 IS 2 BP 302 EP 310 DI 10.1017/S0950268806006777 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 142MA UT WOS:000244652800015 PM 17291365 ER PT J AU Sable, SB Goyal, D Verma, I Behera, D Khuller, GK AF Sable, S. B. Goyal, D. Verma, I. Behera, D. Khuller, G. K. TI Lung and blood mononuclear cell responses of tuberculosis patients to mycobacterial proteins SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE immune response; low molecular weight polypeptides; lung; peripheral blood; tuberculosis; vaccine ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS; GROWTH-INHIBITION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CULTURE FILTRATE; T-CELLS AB The differences in specificity of human lung and peripheral lymphocytes for mycobacterial antigens (Ag) need to be evaluated in order to identify vaccine candidates against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, the present study examined the response to low molecular weight secretory proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from minimal pulmonary TB and non-TB patients. Ag85A, Ag85B, culture filtrate protein (CFP)-31, CFP-22.5, CFP-21, M. tuberculosis protein-64 and an as yet uncharacterised 19 kDa protein were found to be predominantly recognised by BAL cells of TB patients on the basis of lymphocyte proliferation and significant interferon-gamma release. However, recognition of CFP-8, 6-kDa early secreted antigenic target, CFP-10, CFP-14.5, M. tuberculosis secretory protein-17 and five other as yet uncharacterised low molecular weight polypeptides was found to be high on the basis of lymphocyte proliferation at the level of PBMCs. Furthermore, BAL macrophages, and not blood monocytes, were found to produce nitric oxide (NO) in response to mycobacterial Ags. Among polypeptides predominantly recognised by BAL lymphocytes, only Ag85A and Ag85B were found to induce both NO and interleukin-12 (p40) by alveolar macrophages. In conclusion, the present results indicate heterogeneity in antigen recognition by bronchoalveolar lavage cells and peripheral mononuclear blood cells of minimal tuberculosis patients, and also suggest the utility of antigen 85 complex polypeptides for the development of a future mucosal antituberculous vaccine. C1 Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Biochem, Chandigarh 160012, India. Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Pulm Med, Chandigarh 160012, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycobacteriol Lab Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Khuller, GK (reprint author), Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Biochem, Chandigarh 160012, India. EM gkkhuller@yahoo.co.in NR 33 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.1183/09031936.00111205 PG 10 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 137HO UT WOS:000244283900020 PM 17079254 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Loftis, AD Szumlas, DE Abbassy, MM Helmy, IM Hanafi, HA Dasch, GA AF Reeves, Will K. Loftis, Amanda D. Szumlas, Daniel E. Abbassy, Magda M. Helmy, Ibrahim M. Hanafi, A. Hanafi Dasch, Gregory A. TI Rickettsial pathogens in the tropical rat mite Ornithonyssus bacoti (Acari : Macronyssidae) from Egyptian rats (Rattus spp.) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE mites; Rickettsia; Bartonella; Ornithonyssus bacoti; Norway rat; black rat; Egypt ID SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; BARTONELLA; AGENTS; FLEAS; ECTOPARASITES; INFECTIONS; BALTIMORE; SEQUENCES; MARYLAND; ANIMALS AB We collected and tested 616 tropical rat mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti (Hirst)) from rats (Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) and R. rattus (Linnaeus)) throughout 14 governorates in Egypt and tested DNA extracts from pools of these mites for Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Rickettsia spp. by PCR amplification and sequencing. Three different mite-associated bacterial agents, including one Bartonella and two Rickettsia spp., were detected in eight pools of mites. Further research could demonstrate the vector potential of mites and pathogenicity of these agents to humans or animals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, FPO, AE 09835 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), 4757 Habersham Ridge, Lilburn, GA 30047 USA. EM wreeves@alumni.clemson.edu RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s10493-006-9040-3 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 146RG UT WOS:000244951500009 PM 17225079 ER PT J AU Sambhara, S Lehrer, RI AF Sambhara, Suryaprakash Lehrer, Robert I. TI The innate immune system: a repository for future drugs? SO EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANTIVIRAL RESPONSES; ISEGANAN; TRIAL C1 [Sambhara, Suryaprakash] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lehrer, Robert I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssambhara@cdc.gov; rlehrer@mednet.ucla.edu NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1478-7210 J9 EXPERT REV ANTI-INFE JI Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1586/14787210-5.1.1 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 271IB UT WOS:000253781000001 PM 17266447 ER PT J AU Macmillan, L Ifere, GO He, Q Igietseme, JU Kellar, KL Okenu, DM Eko, FO AF Macmillan, Lucinda Ifere, Godwin O. He, Qing Igietseme, Joseph U. Kellar, Kathryn L. Okenu, Daniel M. Eko, Francis O. TI A recombinant multivalent combination vaccine protects against Chlamydia and genital herpes SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE combination vaccine; Chlamydia; HSV-2; antibodies; cytokines; protection ID SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-2; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE GHOSTS; GENE KNOCKOUT MICE; IFN-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GLYCOPROTEIN-D; TRACT INFECTION; T-LYMPHOCYTES; TRACHOMATIS AB Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) genital infections pose a considerable public health challenge worldwide. Considering the high incidence of coinfections by the two pathogens, a combination vaccine that can be administered as a single regimen would be highly desirable. Recombinant Vibrio cholerae ghosts (rVCG) offer an attractive approach for the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses against human and animal pathogens. In this study, we evaluated a bivalent combination vaccine formulation comprising rVCG expressing chlamydial MOMP and HSV-2 glycoprotein D in mice for immunogenicity and protective efficacy against genital challenge with either pathogen. Mice immunized with the combination vaccine elicited secretory IgA and IgG2a antibodies to both chlamydial and HSV-2 antigens in serum and vaginal secretions. Robust antigen-specific mucosal and systemic T helper type 1 responses were induced in mice as measured by increased interferon-gamma levels produced by immune T cells in response to restimulation with target antigen in vitro. In addition, mice immunized with the combination vaccine were prophylactically protected from genital challenge with high doses of live Chlamydia and HSV-2. Thus, the combination vaccine regimen delivered by rVCG elicited adequate immune effectors that simultaneously protected against the individual pathogens. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eko, FO (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. EM feko@msm.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 C06 RR18386]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 08248] NR 55 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00165.x PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 129AK UT WOS:000243700600008 PM 17094789 ER PT J AU Denison, AM Massung, RF Thompson, HA AF Denison, Amy M. Massung, Robert F. Thompson, Herbert A. TI Analysis of the O-antigen biosynthesis regions of phase II Isolates of Coxiella burnetii SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Coxiella burnetii; O-antigen; lipopolysaccharide phase variation; DNA deletions ID Q-FEVER; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; EXPLAIN; INTRASTRAIN; DELETIONS; VARIANTS; STRAINS; MODEL AB The O-antigen-encoding region in the genomes of 14 isolates of Coxiella burnetii was examined by PCR. Five phase I isolates (Nine Mile clone 7, KAV, Ohio, Henzerling RSA 343, Q173) were analyzed and no deletions were detected. Two other isolates of unknown phase (Scottish, WAV) were examined, but no deletions were detected. In contrast, RSA 514 and three phase II isolates (Nine Mile phase II clone 4, Nine Mile phase II clone 1, Nine Mile Baca) contained large deletions, and the latter two were further characterized by DNA sequencing. Three other phase II isolates (Henzerling RSA 331, M44, Australian QD) contained no apparent deletions. Reactivity to phase I- and phase II-specific antibodies by immunofluorescence assay was used to further characterize isolates. Selected ORFs in Australian QD and M44 DNA were sequenced to detect mutations, and no significant changes were found. Australian QD RNA was examined by reverse transcriptase-PCR specific to the four ORFs hypothesized to encode the O-antigen sugar virenose, which this isolate has been shown to lack, as well as one that is predicted to encode part of the O-antigen ABC transporter. Each of these five genes was found to be expressed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mailstop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfm2@cdc.gov OI Denison, Amy/0000-0002-2163-3849 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 267 IS 1 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00544.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 122OD UT WOS:000243235400015 PM 17156123 ER PT J AU Clayton, HB Schieve, LA Peterson, HB Jamieson, DJ Reynolds, MA Wright, VC AF Clayton, Heather B. Schieve, Laura A. Peterson, Herbert B. Jamieson, Denise J. Reynolds, Meredith A. Wright, Victoria C. TI A comparison of heterotopic and intrauterine-only pregnancy outcomes after assisted reproductive technologies in the United States from 1999 to 2002 SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE heterotopic pregnancy; ectopic pregnancy; perinatal outcomes ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; OVULATION INDUCTION; RISK AB Objective: To compare the risk for adverse outcomes of pregnancies between heterogenic (defined as a simultaneous intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy) and intrauterine-only pregnancies achieved through assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: ART centers in the United States. Patient(s): Patients were studied in terms of cycle reported to the population based United States ART Registry, which included 207 heterotopic and 132,600 intrauterine-only pregnancies reported from 1999 to 2002. Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Outcomes of heterotopic and intrauterine-only pregnancies and deliveries (spontaneous abortion, included abortion, still birth, and live birth). Perinatal outcomes (preterm, low birth weight [LBW], preterm LBW, and term LBW) for live-birth deliveries were also assessed. Result(s): Heterotopic pregnancies were more likely to end in spontaneous (relative risk = 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.67-2.51) or induced (relative risk = 10.28, 95% confidence interval, 6.76-15.65) abortions than were intrauterine-only pregnancies. There was no significant difference in perinatal outcomes studied, regardless of adjustment for maternal age, infertility diagnosis, previous live births, and type of ART procedure. Conclusion(s): Heterotopic pregnancies were more likely to result in spontaneous or induced abortions than were intrauterine-only pregnancies. There was no difference in perinatal outcomes between heterotopic and intrauterine-only pregnancies progressing to live birth. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Wright, VC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vwright@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 87 IS 2 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.06.037 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 135LQ UT WOS:000244155500010 PM 17113092 ER PT J AU Steeh, C Buskirk, TD Callegaro, M AF Steeh, Charlotte Buskirk, Trent D. Callegaro, Mario TI Using text messages in US mobile phone surveys SO FIELD METHODS LA English DT Article DE text message; telephone surveys; cell phone surveys; prenotification AB Attempts to interview the general population using cell phones have revealed underlying weaknesses. Noncoverage is severe because all persons who rely solely on fixed-line telephones are excluded. Nonresponse stemming from the difficulty of contacting potential respondents and convincing them to participate also increases. Only the spread of mobile technology will remedy noncoverage. This article presents the results of an experiment that tests the effectiveness of sending text messages to improve non-response. The results give little support to our hypothesis that sending an advance text message would make contacting respondents easier. Other outcome rates do show positive effects. We also discovered that the act of sending the text message provided valuable data about the sample unit. This outside information, similar to the information traditional telephone surveys obtain from directories, indicates whether a mobile number is in service and allows researchers to adapt their calling rules to achieve greater efficiency. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Steeh, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. OI Callegaro, Mario/0000-0002-9946-4483 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1525-822X J9 FIELD METHOD JI Field Methods PD FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 59 EP 75 DI 10.1177/1525822X06292852 PG 17 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 125KH UT WOS:000243440300004 ER PT J AU Pappas, RS Polzin, GM Watson, CH Ashley, DL AF Pappas, R. S. Polzin, G. M. Watson, C. H. Ashley, D. L. TI Cadmium, lead, and thallium in smoke particulate from counterfeit cigarettes compared to authentic US brands SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tobacco; cigarettes; smoke; lead; cadmium; thallium ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; HEAVY-METALS; GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SOILS; SLUDGE; CARCINOGENS; HEALTH AB Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable disease in the United States. Exposure to tobacco smoke leads to cancer, heart and lung disease, and addiction. The origin of the tobacco and cigarette manufacturing practices of counterfeit cigarettes are unknown. Because toxic metals are incorporated into the tobacco lamina during cultivation, the ambient metal content of the soil could produce significant differences in metal levels in both the tobacco and smoke of counterfeit cigarettes. We compared mainstream smoke cadmium, thallium, and lead deliveries from counterfeit and authentic brands. Mainstream smoke levels of all three metals were far greater for counterfeit than the authentic brands, in some cases by an order of magnitude. Significant differences still existed even after normalizing mainstream smoke metal levels with nicotine delivery; the counterfeits typically delivered much higher levels of all three analytes. Our findings, based on 21 different counterfeit samples, suggest that counterfeit cigarettes potentially result in a markedly greater exposure to toxic heavy metals than authentic brands, even after correcting for differences in nicotine intake. In view of the unknown health risks associated with inhaling higher levels of toxic metals, it is prudent to minimize exposure to toxic substances whenever possible. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pappas, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-44, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RPappas@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2006.08.001 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 135LU UT WOS:000244155900002 PM 17011104 ER PT J AU Roy, K Howard, DH AF Roy, Kakoli Howard, David Hill TI Equity in out-of-pocket payments for hospital care: Evidence from India SO HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article DE equity; out-of-pocket payments; health care financing; global health ID HEALTH-CARE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; INEQUALITIES AB Background: The lack of formal health insurance and inadequate social safety nets cause families in most low-income countries to finance health spending through out-of-pocket (OOP) payments, leaving poor families unable to insure their consumption during periods of major illnesses. Objective: To examine how well the Indian healthcare system protects households of differing living standards against the financial consequences of unanticipated health shocks. Data: The data are drawn from the 52nd round of National Sample Survey, a nationally representative socioeconomic and health survey conducted in 1995-1996. The sample comprises 24,379 (3.84%) households where a member was hospitalized during the 1-year reference period. Methods: We estimate, using ordinary least squares, the relationship between household consumption (proxy for ability to pay) and OOP payments for hospitalization. We also estimate the relationship between consumption and OOP share in consumption. Results: Our results indicate that both utilization (payments) and the consequent financial burden (payment share) increases with increasing ability to pay (ATP). While this relationship is retained across the different subgroups (e.g., gender, social code, region, etc.), comparisons across groups indicate horizontal inequities including differences in both degrees of progressivity and the redistributive effect. Conclusion: The finding that OOP payments do not decline with ATP could be an indication of: (1) the lack of insurance which implies that the better-off must pay from OOP to secure quality health care and (2) the absence of risk-pooling or prepayments mechanisms which poses financial impediments to the consumption of health care by the poor. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Roy, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Off Director, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E95, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kjr3@cdc.gov; dhhowar@emory.edu NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-8510 J9 HEALTH POLICY JI Health Policy PD FEB PY 2007 VL 80 IS 2 BP 297 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.healthpol.2006.03.012 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 128JT UT WOS:000243654700005 PM 16678296 ER PT J AU Lok, ASF McMahon, BJ AF Lok, Anna S. F. McMahon, Brian J. TI Chronic hepatitis B SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TERM-FOLLOW-UP; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; E-ANTIGEN SEROCONVERSION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HBEAG(+) CHRONIC HEPATITIS; INTERFERON-ALPHA TREATMENT; TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; PREEMPTIVE LAMIVUDINE THERAPY; PATIENTS RECEIVING LAMIVUDINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP C1 Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Alaska Nat Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Lok, ASF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, 3912 Taubman Ctr,Box 0362, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM aslok@umich.edu RI Lok, Anna /B-8292-2009; OI Yang, Shuman/0000-0002-9638-0890 NR 274 TC 1479 Z9 1680 U1 12 U2 105 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 507 EP 539 DI 10.1002/hep.21513 PG 33 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 132NI UT WOS:000243949100029 PM 17256718 ER PT J AU Birkness, KA Guarner, J Sable, SB Tripp, RA Kellar, KL Bartlett, J Quinn, FD AF Birkness, Kristin A. Guarner, Jeannette Sable, Suraj B. Tripp, Ralph A. Kellar, Kathryn L. Bartlett, Jeanine Quinn, Frederick D. TI An in vitro model of the leukocyte interactions associated with granuloma formation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection SO IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; granuloma; in vitro model ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MULTINUCLEATED GIANT-CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ANIMAL-MODELS; FACTOR-ALPHA; MACROPHAGES; PATHOGENESIS AB The principal defense of the human host against a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is the formation of granulomas, organized collections of activated macrophages, including epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells, surrounded by lymphocytes. This granuloma can sequester and contain the bacteria preventing active disease, and if the granuloma is maintained, these bacteria may remain latent for a person's lifetime. Secretion of a variety of chemoattractant cytokines following phagocytosis of the bacilli by the macrophage is critical not only to the formation of the granuloma but also to its maintenance. To investigate this process of early granuloma formation, we developed an in vitro model composed entirely of human cells. Combining blood lymphocytes and autologous macrophages from healthy purified protein derivative skin test-negative individuals and mycobacteria resulted in the formation of small, rounded aggregate structures. Microscopic examination found macrophage-specific CD68(+) epithelioid macrophages and small round CD3(+) lymphocytes that in complex resembled small granulomas seen in clinical pathology specimens. Acid-fast staining bacteria were observed between and possibly within the cells composing the granulomas. Supernatants from the infected cells collected at 24 and 48 h and 5 and 9 days after infection were analyzed by a multiplexed cytokine bead-based assay using the Luminex 100 and were found to contain interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon-c and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cytokines known to be involved in human granuloma formation, in quantities from two-fold to 7000-fold higher than supernatants from uninfected control cells. In addition, chemotaxis assays demonstrated that the same supernatants attracted significantly more human peripheral blood mononuclear cells than those of uninfected cells (P < 0.001). This model may provide insight into the earliest stages of granuloma formation in those newly infected. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycobacteriol Lab Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Quinn, FD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, 501 Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fquinn@vet.uga.edu RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; OI Sable, Suraj/0000-0001-8440-1693; Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0818-9641 J9 IMMUNOL CELL BIOL JI Immunol. Cell Biol. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 2 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1038/sj.icb.7100019 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 148UR UT WOS:000245102500013 PM 17199112 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC Coignard, B Dubberke, E Song, XY Horan, T Kutty, PK AF McDonald, L. Clifford Coignard, Bruno Dubberke, Erik Song, Xiaoyan Horan, Teresa Kutty, Preeta K. CA Ad Hoc Clostridium Difficile Surve TI Recommendations for surveillance of Clostridium difficile-associated disease SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; CARE FACILITIES; RISK-FACTORS; DIARRHEA; COLONIZATION; COMMUNITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ACQUISITION; INFECTION; STRAIN AB Background. The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile -associated disease (CDAD) is changing, with evidence of increased incidence and severity. However, the understanding of the magnitude of and reasons for this change is currently hampered by the lack of standardized surveillance methods. Objective and methods. An ad hoc C. difficile surveillance working group was formed to develop interim surveillance definitions and recommendations based on existing literature and expert opinion that can help to improve CDAD surveillance and prevention efforts. Definitions and recommendations. A CDAD case patient was defined as a patient with symptoms of diarrhea or toxic megacolon combined with a positive result of a laboratory assay and/or endoscopic or histopathologic evidence of pseudomembranous colitis. Recurrent CDAD was defined as repeated episodes within 8 weeks of each other. Severe CDAD was defined by CDAD-associated admission to an intensive care unit, colectomy, or death within 30 days after onset. Case patients were categorized by the setting in which C. difficile was likely acquired, to account for recent evidence that suggests that healthcare facility -associated CDAD may have its onset in the community up to 4 weeks after discharge. Tracking of healthcare facility -onset, healthcare facility -associated CDAD is the minimum surveillance required for healthcare settings; tracking of community-onset, healthcare facility -associated CDAD should be performed only in conjunction with tracking of healthcare facility -onset, healthcare facility -associated CDAD. Community-associated CDAD was defined by symptom onset more than 12 weeks after the last discharge from a healthcare facility. Rates of both healthcare facility -onset, healthcare facility associated CDAD and community-onset, healthcare facility -associated CDAD should be expressed as case patients per 10,000 patient-days; rates of community-associated CDAD should be expressed as case patients per 100,000 person-years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Inst Veille Sanitaire, St Maurice Cedex, France. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmcdonald1@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 322 Z9 328 U1 3 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1086/511798 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NL UT WOS:000249120700005 PM 17265394 ER PT J AU Biller, P Shank, B Lind, L Brennan, M Tkatch, L Killgore, G Thompson, A McDonald, LC AF Biller, Priscilla Shank, Beth Lind, Leah Brennan, Meghan Tkatch, Lisa Killgore, George Thompson, Angela McDonald, L. Clifford TI Moxifloxacin therapy as a risk factor for clostridium difficile-associated disease during an outbreak: Attempts to control a new epidemic strain SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Association-of-Professionals-in-Infection-Control-and-Epidemiology CY JUN 19, 2005-JUN 21, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP Assoc Profess Infect Control & Epidemiol ID TOXIN PRODUCTION; INFECTION; HOSPITALS AB An outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated disease ( CDAD) caused by the epidemic North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1 ( NAP1) strain began after a formulary change from levofloxacin to moxifloxacin. Cases of CDAD were associated with moxifloxacin use, but a formulary change back to levofloxacin failed to reduce rates of disease. Substituting use of one fluoroquinolone with use of another without also controlling the overall use of drugs from this class is unlikely to control outbreaks caused by the NAP1 strain of C. difficile. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmcdonald1@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 198 EP 201 DI 10.1086/511789 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NL UT WOS:000249120700013 PM 17265402 ER PT J AU Pelletier, AR AF Pelletier, Andrew R. TI Preventing suicide by jumping: the effect of a bridge safety fence SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BARRIERS AB Objective: To evaluate the effect of a bridge safety fence in preventing suicide. Methods: We examined suicides from jumping off the Memorial Bridge in Augusta, Maine, from 1 April 1960 to 31 July 2005. The safety fence was installed during 1983, the mid-point of the study period. Results: 14 suicides from the bridge were identified; all occurred before installation of the safety fence. The number of suicides by jumping from other structures remained unchanged after installation of the fence. Conclusion: The safety fence was effective in preventing suicides from the bridge. There was no evidence that suicidal individuals sought alternative sites for jumping. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div State & Local Readiness, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pelletier, AR (reprint author), 11 State House Stn,Key Bank Bldg,8th Floor,286 Wa, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 57 EP 59 DI 10.1136/ip.2006.013748 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 135SB UT WOS:000244172200014 PM 17296691 ER PT J AU He, NJ Botelho, JMC McNall, RJ Belozerov, V Dunn, WA Mize, T Orlando, R Willis, JH AF He, Ningjia Botelho, Julianne M. C. McNall, Rebecca J. Belozerov, Vladimir Dunn, W. Augustine Mize, Todd Orlando, Ron Willis, Judith H. TI Proteomic analysis of cast cuticles from Anopheles gambiae by tandem mass spectrometry SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae; cuticle; proteomics; mass spectrometry; cuticular proteins; R&R consensus; molting fluid; muscle; yellow protein; prophenoloxidase ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CUTICULAR PROTEINS; SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; INSECT CUTICLE; BOMBYX-MORI; EXPRESSION; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; LARVAL AB Identification of authenticated cuticular proteins has been based on isolation and sequencing of individual proteins extracted from cleaned cuticles. These data facilitated classification of sequences from conceptual translation of cDNA or genomic sequences. The question arises whether such putative cuticular proteins actually are incorporated into the cuticle. This paper describes the profiling of cuticular proteins from Anopheles gambiae starting with cuticle cleaned by the insect itself in the course of molting. Proteins extracted from cast larval head capsules and cast pupal cuticles were fractionated by 1D SDS gel electrophoresis. Large gel slices were reduced, carbamidomethylated and digested with trypsin. The pellet remaining after SDS extraction was also treated with trypsin. The resulting peptides were separated on a C18 column and then analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Two-hundred-ninety-five peptides from putative cuticular proteins were identified; these corresponded to a minimum of 69 and a maximum of 119 different proteins. Each is reported as an authentic Anopheles cuticular protein for the first time. In addition to members of two known cuticular protein families, members of additional families likely to be structural components of the cuticle were identified. Furthermore, other peptides were identified that can be attributed to molting fluid, muscle and sclerotizing agents. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Southwest Univ, Key Lab Sericulture, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China. Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Arizona, Bio5 Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Willis, JH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jhwillis@cb.uga.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41RR018502]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI55624, R01 AI055624] NR 36 TC 50 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.10.011 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 136QR UT WOS:000244239700004 PM 17244542 ER PT J AU Rowe, AK Steketee, RW Rowe, SY AF Rowe, Alexander K. Steketee, Richard W. Rowe, Samantha Y. TI Improving malaria mortality estimates for rural Africa by adding further studies: Authors reply to Ndugwa et al. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. PATH, Ferney Voltaire, France. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM axr9@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 243 EP 244 DI 10.1093/ije/dyl260 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 174TQ UT WOS:000246966100042 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Bowles, HR Jones, DA Ainsworth, BE Kohl, HW AF Kruger, J. Bowles, H. R. Jones, D. A. Ainsworth, B. E. Kohl, H. W., III TI Health-related quality of life, BMI and physical activity among US adults (>= 18 years): National Physical Activity and Weight Loss Survey, 2002 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE health-related quality of life; physical activity; body mass index ID OBESITY; PREVENTION; IMPACT; WOMEN AB Objective: To examine the association between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and physical activity (PA). Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained via a national telephone survey from 9173 respondents (30.9% response rate; 51.4% cooperation rate). Four indicators of HRQOL were measured: self-rated health, physically unhealthy days, mentally unhealthy days and activity limitation days. Prevalence estimates were calculated by body mass index (BMI) category and PA level. Logistic regression evaluated BMI as an effect modifier of the relationship between HRQOL and PA. Results: Inactive adults reported more fair to poor HRQOL than active adults, regardless of BMI category (P < 0.001). BMI did not modify the association between PA and any of the four HRQOL indicators. Conclusion: Prevalence of low HRQOL is inversely related to PA participation, and the relationship is not altered by BMI status. Regardless of their weight status, adults should be encouraged to engage in PA. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. San Diego State Univ, Coll Profess Studies & Fine Arts, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Bufford Hwy,MSK-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jkruger@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU409664] NR 23 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803386 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 134KI UT WOS:000244081500018 PM 16703001 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Aynalem, G Smith, LV Montoya, J Kerndt, P AF Taylor, Melanie M. Aynalem, Getahun Smith, Lisa V. Montoya, Jorge Kerndt, Peter TI Methamphetamine use and sexual risk behaviours among men who have sex with men diagnosed with early syphilis in Los Angeles County SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT HIV Prevention Conference CY JUN 11-15, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA DE methamphetamines; HIV; sexual behaviour; MSM; syphilis ID HIV PREVENTION; INFECTION AB Methamphetamine use has been associated with risky sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). Field interview records for MSM early syphilis (ES) patients were reviewed for factors associated with methamphetamine use during January 2001 through December 2004. There were a total of 2915 ES cases reported during the study period. Of these, 1904 (65%) were MSM. Of these MSM, 167 reported methamphetamine use. Methamphetamine use was associated with having multiple sex partners (prevalence ratios [PR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-2.4), not using condoms (PR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-2.5), having anonymous sex partners (PR 1.1 95% CI 1.03-1.2), history of recent incarceration (PR 5.4, 95% CI 3.3-8.7), and meeting sex partners via the Internet (PR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3-2.1), at bathhouses (PR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0) and on the streets (PR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7-4.0). In multivariate analysis having multiple sex partners, not using condoms, recent incarceration and meeting sex partners at bathhouses were significantly associated with methamphetamine use. In conclusion, effective STD risk reduction interventions targeting MSM methamphetamine users are needed to curb risky sexual behaviour. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Los Angeles, CA USA. Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles Cty STD Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Infect Dis Serv, 150 N 18th Ave,Suite 140, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. EM taylorm@azdhs.gov NR 24 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1258/095646207779949709 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 146SN UT WOS:000244955100007 PM 17331279 ER PT J AU Doherty, IA Adimora, AA Schoenbach, VJ Aral, SO AF Doherty, Irene A. Adimora, Adaora A. Schoenbach, Victor J. Aral, Sevgi O. TI Correlates of gonorrhoea among African Americans in North Carolina SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE gonorrhoea; African Americans; sexually transmitted infection; rural ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; DISEASES; WOMEN AB Rates of gonorrhoea. (GC) infections are highest among African Americans in the USA, but risk factors for GC in this population have not been well defined. The purpose of this study was to study these risk factors. We used secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from a population-based case-control study of African Americans, aged 18-69 years, in rural North Carolina, USA. A history of past infection was 2.4 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3, 4.4) as likely among men (35%) than women (118%). Among men, a history of gonorrhoea was associated with earlier age at first intercourse (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 2.0 95% CI [1.2, 3.4% substance use (aOR = 4.4 95% CI [1.1, 17.9]), and having a partner who had been incarcerated (aOR 18.1 [2.8, 118.0]). Among women, factors associated with GC included diagnosis of another STD (aOR = 5.9 [1.9,16.9]), lifetime number of sex partners (aOR = 1.9 [1.1, 3.4]), and a sex partner who used drugs (aOR = 4.1 (1.3, 12.9)). In conclusion, African Americans with a history of GC are likely to have traditional STD risk factors, including partners at high risk for sexually transmitted disease (STD). STD screening is warranted upon entry to treatment facilities for substance abuse or correctional facilities. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Doherty, IA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 130 Mason Farm Rd,CB 7030, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Doherty@med.unc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI39176, 5T32 AI007151-27, 1K02 AI01867] NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 114 EP 117 DI 10.1258/095646207779949691 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 146SN UT WOS:000244955100012 PM 17331284 ER PT J AU Hillis, SD Rakhmanova, A Vonogradova, E Voronin, E Yakovlev, A Khaldeeva, N Akatova, N Samarskaya, M Volkova, G Kissin, D Jamieson, DJ Glynn, MK Robinson, J Miller, WC AF Hillis, Susan D. Rakhmanova, Aza Vonogradova, Elena Voronin, Evgeny Yakovlev, Alexei Khaldeeva, Natalia Akatova, Natalia Samarskaya, Mida Volkova, Galina Kissin, Dmity Jamieson, Denise J. Glynn, M. Kathleen Robinson, Joanna Miller, William C. TI Rapid HIV testing, pregnancy, antiretroviral prophylaxis and infant abandonment in St Petersburg SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV infection; Russia; vertical disease transmission AB In St Petersburg, Russia, a rapid HIV-testing programme was implemented in April 2004 for high-risk women giving birth. Among 670 women without prenatal care who received rapid HIV testing, 6.4% (43) had positive results. Among HIV-positive mothers, receipt of intrapartum antiretroviral prophylaxis increased significantly compared to pre-programme levels (76 versus 41%). Additionally, infant abandonment increased significantly (50% versus 26%), and was 10 times greater in women with unintended versus intended pregnancies (73% versus 7%). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Botkin Hosp, City Hlth Comm, St Petersburg, Russia. Botkin Hosp, City AIDS Ctr, St Petersburg, Russia. Botkin Hosp, Republ Hosp Infect Dis Clin AIDS Ctr, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, St Petersburg Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn Implementat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, St Petersburg City Hlth Comm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Elizabeth Glaser AIDS Fdn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Hillis, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SEH0@cdc.gov RI Miller, William/H-4800-2014; Yakovlev, Alexey/H-2748-2015 OI Miller, William/0000-0002-1934-7827; Yakovlev, Alexey/0000-0003-4163-5769 NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 120 EP 122 DI 10.1258/095646207779949781 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 146SN UT WOS:000244955100014 PM 17331286 ER PT J AU Chiasson, MA Hirshfield, S Remien, RH Humberstone, M Wong, T Wolitski, RJ AF Chiasson, Mary Ann Hirshfield, Sabina Remien, Robert H. Humberstone, Mike Wong, Tom Wolitski, Richard J. TI A comparison of on-line and off-line sexual risk in men who have sex with men - An event-based on-line survey SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; internet; men who have sex with men; sexual behavior ID HIV-POSITIVE MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; SUBSTANCE USE; TRANSMISSION RISK; SEROPOSITIVE GAY; BEHAVIOR; DISCLOSURE; INTERNET; PARTNERS AB Objective: To assess whether men who have sex with men (MSM) are more likely to report unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with partners met on-line compared with those met off-line. Methods: A total of 6122 individuals consented to participate in an anonymous behavioral survey on-line. This event-based analysis is limited to the 1683 men from the United States and Canada who had sex in the 3 months before the study and reported that their last sexual encounter included a new or casual male partner or partners. Prevalence and predictors of UAI were analyzed separately for the 386 men reporting more than 1 partner (multiple) and the 1297 men reporting only 1 (single) partner in their last encounter. Results: Of the 1683 MSM recruited on-line, 51% met their partner(s) in their last sexual encounter on-line and 23% reported UAI. No difference in risk for UAI was found for partners met on-line versus off-line in the bivariate or multivariate analyses. In a multivariate analysis of men with multiple-partner encounters, UAI was significantly associated with being HIV-seropositive (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.87; P = 0.02) in a model that included age; education; whether partners were met on-line or off-line; and use of crystal methamphetamine, sildenafil, or alcohol before sex. Using the same model, significant predictors of UAI in men reporting a single-partner encounter were use of crystal methamphetamine (adjusted OR = 5.67; P = 0.001) and no college degree (adjusted OR = 1.631- P = 0.01). Conclusions: MSM recruited on-line who reported a new or casual sex partner(s) in the prior 3 months are at considerable risk of HIV or other sexually transmitted infections, but they are equally likely to report UAI whether sex partners were met on-line or off-line. The Internet may be an ideal venue for reaching high-risk MSM. C1 Med & Hlth Res Assoc NYC Inc, Res & Evaluat, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chiasson, MA (reprint author), Med & Hlth Res Assoc NYC Inc, Res & Evaluat, 220 Church St,5th Floor, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM machiasson@mhra.org RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU NIDA NIH HHS [R03 DA018725, R03 DA018725-01]; PHS HHS [200-97-0621] NR 43 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31802e298c PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 131RZ UT WOS:000243888900016 PM 17179769 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Mueller, T Green, DC AF Anderson, John E. Mueller, Trisha Green, Diane C. TI Trends in sexual risk behavior and unprotected sex among adolescents 1991-2005: The role of substance use SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2007 VL 40 IS 2 SU S MA 78 BP S53 EP S53 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.11.132 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 131YS UT WOS:000243909500118 ER PT J AU Kissin, DM Anderson, JE Kraft, JM Warner, L Jamieson, DJ AF Kissin, Dmitry M. Anderson, John E. Kraft, Joan Marie Warner, Lee Jamieson, Denise J. TI Is there a trend of increased unwanted childbearing among teenagers? SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2007 VL 40 IS 2 SU S MA 4 BP S2 EP S2 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.11.010 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 131YS UT WOS:000243909500005 ER PT J AU Peskin, MF Juvonen, J Whitworth, R Windle, M Dittus, P Paulk, D Schuster, MA Tortolero, SR AF Peskin, Melissa F. Juvonen, Jaana Whitworth, Ryan Windle, Michael Dittus, Patricia Paulk, Diana Schuster, Mark A. Tortolero, Susan R. TI Peer victimization and multiple mental and school health indicators among elementary school-aged youth SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Houston, TX USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, RAND, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Alabama, CDC, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2007 VL 40 IS 2 SU S MA 2 BP S11 EP S12 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.11.035 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 131YS UT WOS:000243909500026 ER PT J AU Khetsuriani, N Kazerouni, NN Erdman, DD Lu, XY Redd, SC Anderson, LJ Teague, WG AF Khetsuriani, Nino Kazerouni, N. Neely Erdman, Dean D. Lu, Xiaoyan Redd, Stephen C. Anderson, Larry J. Teague, W. Gerald TI Prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in children with asthma SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society CY MAY 21-26, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Thorac Soc DE respiratory viruses; asthma; asthma exacerbation; case-control study; PCR; rhinovirus ID HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS INFECTION; RHINOVIRUS INFECTIONS; SEPTEMBER EPIDEMIC; HUMAN BOCAVIRUS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EXACERBATIONS; VIRUSES; ADULTS; ILLNESS; DISEASE AB Background: Previous studies support a strong association between viral respiratory tract infections and asthma exacerbations. The effect of newly discovered viruses on asthma control is less well defined. Objective: We sought to determine the contribution of respiratory viruses to asthma exacerbations in children with a panel of PCR assays for common and newly discovered respiratory viruses. Methods: Respiratory specimens from children aged 2 to 17 years with asthma exacerbations (case patients, n = 65) and with well-controlled asthma (control subjects, n = 77), frequency matched by age and season of enrollment, were tested for rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses 229E and OC43, parainfluenza viruses 1 to 3, influenza viruses, adenoviruses, and human bocavirus. Results: Infection with respiratory viruses was associated with asthma exacerbations (63.1% in case patients vs 23.4% in control subjects; odds ratio, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.7- 11.6). Rhinovirus was by far the most prevalent virus (60% among case patients vs 18.2% among control subjects) and the only virus significantly associated with exacerbations (odds ratio, 6.8; 95% CI, 3.2-14.5). However, in children without clinically manifested viral respiratory tract illness, the prevalence of rhinovirus infection was similar in case patients (29.2%) versus control subjects (23.4%, P > .05). Other viruses detected included human metapneumovirus (4.6% in patients with acute asthma vs 2.6% in control subjects), enteroviruses (4.6% vs 0%), coronavirus 229E (0% vs 1.3%), and respiratory syncytial virus (1.5% vs 0%). Conclusion: Symptomatic rhinovirus infections are an important contributor to asthma exacerbations in children. Clinical implications: These results support the need for therapies effective against rhinovirus as a means to decrease asthma exacerbations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazard & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Div Pulm Allergy Cyst Fibrosis & Sleep Med, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Teague, WG (reprint author), Emory Pediat, Dept Pediat, 2015 Uppergate Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM wteague@emory.edu FU PHS HHS [200-1998-00103] NR 50 TC 134 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 10 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.08.041 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 137YB UT WOS:000244327900007 PM 17140648 ER PT J AU Stone, ND O'Hara, CM Williams, PP McGowan, JE Tenover, FC AF Stone, Nimalie D. O'Hara, Caroline M. Williams, Portia P. McGowan, John E., Jr. Tenover, Fred C. TI Comparison of disk diffusion, VITEK 2, and broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility test results for unusual species of Enterobactetiaceae SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; BIOCHEMICAL-GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; BETA-LACTAMASES; FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; HAFNIA-ALVEI; SP-NOV; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; PATTERNS AB We compared the antimicrobial susceptibility testing results generated by disk diffusion and the VITEK 2 automated system with the results of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution (BMD) reference method for 61 isolates of unusual species of Enterobacteriaceae. The isolates represented 15 genera and 26 different species, including Buttiauxella, Cedecea, Kluyvera, Leminorella, and Yokenella. Antimicrobial agents included aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, penicillins, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. CLSI interpretative criteria for Enterobacteriaceae were used. Of the 12 drugs tested by BMD and disk diffusion, 10 showed > 95% categorical agreement (CA). CA was lower for ampicillin (80.3%) and cefazolin (77.0%). There were 3 very major errors (all with cefazolin), 1 major error (also with cefazolin), and 26 minor errors. Of the 40 isolates (representing 12 species) that could be identified with the VITEK 2 database, 36 were identified correctly to species level, 1 was identified to genus level only, and 3 were reported as unidentified. VITEK 2 generated MIC results for 42 (68.8%) of 61 isolates, but categorical interpretations (susceptible, intermediate, and resistant) were provided for only 22. For the 17 drugs tested by both BMD and VITEK 2, essential agreement ranged from 80.9 to 100% and CA ranged from 68.2% (ampicillin) to 100%; thirteen drugs exhibited 100% CA. In summary, disk diffusion provides a reliable alternative to BMD for testing of unusual Enterobacteriaceae, some of which cannot be tested, or produce incorrect results, by automated methods. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rolllins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Stone, ND (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM nstone@emory.edu RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1128/JCM.01782-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137CI UT WOS:000244270000013 PM 17135429 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Tang, K Osborne, J Sammons, S Wohlheuter, RA AF Sulaiman, Irshad M. Tang, Kevin Osborne, John Sammons, Scott Wohlheuter, Robert A. TI GeneChip resequencing of the smallpox virus genome can identify novel strains: a biodefense application SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; SEQUENCE; EXPRESSION; ORTHOPOXVIRUSES; MICROARRAYS; IDENTIFICATION; ALIGNMENT; CELLS; ASSAY AB We developed a set of seven resequencing GeneChips, based on the complete genome sequences of 24 strains of smallpox virus (variola virus), for rapid characterization of this human-pathogenic virus. Each GeneChip was designed to analyze a divergent segment of approximately 30,000 bases of the smallpox virus genome. This study includes the hybridization results of 14 smallpox virus strains. Of the 14 smallpox virus strains hybridized, only 7 had sequence information included in the design of the smallpox virus resequencing GeneChips; similar information for the remaining strains was not tiled as a reference in these GeneChips. By use of variola virus-specific primers and long-range PCR, 22 overlapping amplicons were amplified to cover nearly the complete genome and hybridized with the smallpox virus resequencing GeneChip set. These GeneChips were successful in generating nucleotide sequences for all 14 of the smallpox virus strains hybridized. Analysis of the data indicated that the GeneChip resequencing by hybridization was fast and reproducible and that the smallpox virus resequencing GeneChips could differentiate the 14 smallpox virus strains characterized. This study also suggests that high-density resequencing GeneChips have potential biodefense applications and may be used as an alternate tool for rapid identification of smallpox virus in the future. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Sci Resources,Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sulaiman, IM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Sci Resources,Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Mail Stop G-36,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ISulaiman@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 358 EP 363 DI 10.1128/JCM.01848-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137CI UT WOS:000244270000016 PM 17182757 ER PT J AU McNulty, A Jennings, C Bennett, D Fitzgibbon, J Bremer, JW Ussery, M Kalish, ML Heneine, W Garcia-Lerma, JG AF McNulty, Amanda Jennings, Cheryl Bennett, Diane Fitzgibbon, Joseph Bremer, James W. Ussery, Michael Kalish, Marcia L. Heneine, Walid Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo TI Evaluation of dried blood spots for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance testing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; FILTER-PAPER; HIV SURVEILLANCE; WHOLE-BLOOD; SUBTYPE-B; PLASMA; MUTATIONS; RNA AB Dried blood spots (DBS) are simpler to prepare, store, and transport than plasma or serum and may represent a good alternative for drug resistance genotyping, particularly in resource-limited settings. However, the utility of DBS for drug resistance testing is unknown. We investigated the efficiency of amplification of large human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pol fragments (1,023 bp) from DBS stored at different temperatures, the type of amplified product(s) (RNA and/or DNA), and the similarity between plasma and DBS sequences. We evaluated two matched plasma/DBS panels stored for 5 to 6 years at several temperatures and 40 plasma/DBS specimens collected from untreated persons in Cameroon and stored for 2 to 3 years at -20 degrees C. The amplification of HIV-1 pol was done using an in-house reverse transcriptase-nested PCR assay. Reactions were done with and without reverse transcription to evaluate the contribution of HIV DNA to pol sequences from DBS. Amplification was successful for the DBS samples stored for 5 to 6 years at -20 degrees C or at -70 degrees C but not for those stored at room temperature. Thirty-seven of the 40 (92.5%) DBS from Cameroon were amplifiable, including 8/11 (72.7%) with plasma virus loads of < 10,000 RNA copies/ml and all 29 with plasma virus loads of > 10,000. Proviral DNA contributed significantly to DBS sequences in 24 of the 37 (65%) specimens from Cameroon. The overall similarity between plasma and DBS sequences was 98.1%. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of DBS for drug resistance testing and indicate that -20 degrees C is a suitable temperature for long-term storage of DBS. The amplification of proviral DNA from DBS highlights the need for a wider evaluation of the concordance of resistance genotypes between plasma and DBS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NIAID, Div AIDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Garcia-Lerma, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GGarcia-Lerma@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-85354, N01AI85354] NR 25 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 517 EP 521 DI 10.1128/JCM.02016-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137CI UT WOS:000244270000041 PM 17166967 ER PT J AU Boxrud, D Pederson-Gulrud, K Wotton, J Medus, C Lyszkowicz, E Besser, J Bartkus, JM AF Boxrud, D. Pederson-Gulrud, K. Wotton, J. Medus, C. Lyszkowicz, E. Besser, J. Bartkus, J. M. TI Comparison of multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and phage typing for subtype analysis of Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSIS; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; PLASMID PROFILES; STRAINS; POLYMORPHISM; HUMANS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Strain subtyping is an important tool for detection of outbreaks caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis. Current subtyping methods, however, yield less than optimal subtype discrimination. In this study, we describe the development and evaluation of a multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) method for subtyping Salmonella serotype Enteritidis. The discrimination ability and epidemiological concordance of MLVA were compared with those of pulsed-field gel ellectrophoresis (PFGE) and phage typing. MLVA provided greater discrimination among non-epidemiologically linked isolates than did PFGE or phage typing. Epidemiologic concordance was evaluated by typing 40 isolates from four food-borne disease outbreaks. MLVA, PFGE, and, to a lesser extent, phage typing exhibited consistent subtypes within an outbreak. MLVA was better able to differentiate isolates between the individual outbreaks than either PFGE or phage typing. The reproducibility of MLVA was evaluated by subtyping sequential isolates from an infected individual and by testing isolates following multiple passages and freeze-thaw cycles. PFGE and MLVA patterns were reproducible for isolates that were frozen and passaged multiple times. However, 2 of 12 sequential isolates obtained from an individual over the course of 36 days had an MLVA type that differed at one locus and one isolate had a different phage type. Overall, MLVA typing of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis had enhanced resolution, good reproducibility, and good epidemiological concordance. These results indicate that MLVA may be a useful tool for detection and investigation of outbreaks caused by Salmonella serotype Enteritidis. C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Boxrud, D (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, 601 Robert St N,POB 64899, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. EM dave.boxrud@health.state.mn.us FU PHS HHS [U60-CCU303019] NR 53 TC 112 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 536 EP 543 DI 10.1128/JCM.01595-06 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137CI UT WOS:000244270000044 PM 17151203 ER PT J AU Loparev, V Martro, E Rubtcova, E Rodrigo, C Piette, JC Caumes, E Vernant, JP Schmid, DS Fillet, AM AF Loparev, Vladimir Martro, Elisa Rubtcova, Elena Rodrigo, Carlos Piette, Jean-Charles Caumes, Eric Vernant, Jean-Paul Schmid, D. Scott Fillet, Anne-Marie TI Toward universal varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genotyping: Diversity of VZV strains from France and Spain SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WILD-TYPE STRAINS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; VACCINE STRAIN; OKA VACCINE; IDENTIFICATION; PCR; DIFFERENTIATION AB Thirty-one isolates from France and Spain were genotyped using a published method analyzing DNA sequence variation in open reading frame (ORF) 22, together with an evaluation of three well-characterized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in ORF 38, 54, and 62. Nineteen were allocated to the European (E) genotype, six were mosaic-1 (M1), and two were mosaic-2 (M2). Four strains were assigned to a new genotype, mosaic-4 (M4). All isolates were wild type, with no Oka vaccine-associated markers. No isolates of the mosaic-3 (M3) or Japanese (J) genotype were observed. We also evaluated 13 selected isolates of E, J, M1, and M2 strains (9 of the 31 described above) using an alternative genotyping method based on the assessment of multiple SNP located in ORF 1, 9, 10, 21, 31, 50, 54, 62, and 68. This method assigns wild-type varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains to seven genotypes: A1, A2, J1, B1, B2, C, and C1. VZV isolates identified as E (ORK22 method) had the genetic signature of genotype C VZV strains, M1 strains were A1, and M2 were A2. No J strains were detected, but parental Oka and vaccine Oka (genotype J) corresponded to genotype J1. M4 isolates (B) share the SNP array observed for M1 and E viruses, and probably represent recombinants between African-Asian (M1) and European (E) viruses. The two genotyping methods, using entirely different genomic targets, produced identical clusters for the strains examined, suggesting robust phylogenetic linkages among VZV strains circulating in Europe. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Natl Ctr Immuni, Biotechnol Core Facil,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Hosp Germans Trias & Pujol, Microbiol Serv, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Hosp Germans Trias & Pujol, Dept Pediat, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Dept Virol, Paris, France. Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Dept Internal Med, Paris, France. Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Trop & Infect Dis Dept, Paris, France. Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Dept Haematol, Paris, France. RP Schmid, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Natl Ctr Immuni, Biotechnol Core Facil,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Sschmid@cdc.gov RI Martro, Elisa/K-9688-2015; OI Martro, Elisa/0000-0002-2867-6649; Rodrigo, Carlos/0000-0003-1140-2585 NR 22 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 559 EP 563 DI 10.1128/JCM.01738-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137CI UT WOS:000244270000048 PM 17135433 ER PT J AU Pounder, JI Simmon, KE Barton, CA Hohmann, SL Brandt, ME Petti, CA AF Pounder, June I. Simmon, Keith E. Barton, Claudia A. Hohmann, Sheri L. Brandt, Mary E. Petti, Cathy A. TI Discovering potential pathogens among fungi identified as nonsporulating molds SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCHIZOPHYLLUM-COMMUNE; INFECTION; PATIENT; ABSCESS AB Fungal infections are increasing, particularly among immunocompromised hosts, and a rapid diagnosis is essential to initiate antifungal therapy. Often fungi cannot be identified by conventional methods and are classified as nonsporulating molds (NSM). We sequenced internal transcribed spacer regions from 50 cultures of NSM and found 16 potential pathogens that can be associated with clinical disease. In selected clinical settings, identification of NSM could prove valuable and have an immediate impact on patient management. C1 ARUP Labs, Inst Clin & Expt Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Associated Reg & Univ Pathologists Inc, Infect Dis Lab, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Pounder, JI (reprint author), ARUP Labs, Inst Clin & Expt Pathol, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM june.pounder@aruplab.com NR 15 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 568 EP 571 DI 10.1128/JCM.01684-06 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137CI UT WOS:000244270000050 PM 17135442 ER PT J AU Chao, DY Davis, BS Chang, GJJ AF Chao, Day-Yu Davis, Brent S. Chang, Gwong-Jen J. TI Development of multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assays for detecting eight medically important flaviviruses in mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; DENGUE VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; RNA AB A multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase PCR has been developed for the rapid detection and identification of eight medically important flaviviruses from laboratory-reared, virus-infected mosquito pools. The method used involves the gene-specific amplification of yellow fever virus (YFV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1 to 4 (DENV-1 to DENV-4, respectively) by use of the Havivirus consensus amplimers located at the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain of nonstructural protein 5. Virus-specific amplicons were detected by four newly characterized TaqMan fluorogenic probes (probes specific for YFV, JEV, V*`NV, and SLEV) and four previously published probes specific for DENV-1 to -4 (L. J. Chien, T. L. Liao, P. Y. Shu, J. H. Huang, D. J. Gubler, and G. J. Chang, J. Clin. Microbiol. 44:1295-1304, 2006). This assay had a specificity of 100% and various sensitivities of at least 3.5 PFU/ml for YFV, 2.0 PFU/ml for JEV, 10.0 PFU/ml for WNV, and 10.0 PFU/ml for SLEV. Additionally, we have developed an in vitro transcription system to generate RNase-resistant RNA templates for each of these eight viruses. These templates can be incorporated into the assay as RNA copy number controls and/or as external controls for RNA-spiked mosquito pools for quality assurance purposes. Although further study with mosquitoes collected in the field is needed, the incorporation of this assay into mosquito surveillance could be used as an early-warning system for the detection of medically important flaviviruses, particularly when the cocirculation of multiple viruses in the same region is suspected. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Chang, GJJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arboviral Dis Branch, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gxc7@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 584 EP 589 DI 10.1128/JCM.00842-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137CI UT WOS:000244270000055 PM 17108075 ER PT J AU Somoskovi, A Dormandy, J Parsons, LM Kaswa, M Goh, KS Rastogi, N Salfinger, M AF Somoskovi, Akos Dormandy, Jillian Parsons, Linda M. Kaswa, Michel Goh, Khye Seng Rastogi, Nalin Salfinger, Max TI Sequencing of the pncA gene in members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has important diagnostic applications: Identification of a species-specific pncA mutation in "Mycobacterium canettii" and the reliable and rapid predictor of pyrazinamide resistance SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUBERCLE-BACILLI; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POLYMORPHISM; DIFFERENTIATION; VARIANT; AFRICA; CLONE; NOV AB Testing for susceptibility to pyrazinamide (PZA) and analysis of the pncA gene sequences of 423 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates have revealed a unique silent nucleotide substitution that enables the rapid identification of "M. canettii" (proposed name). Moreover, the lack of a defined mutation within the pncA gene strongly suggests that an alternative mechanism is responsible for PZA resistance. Our results indicate that DNA sequencing of the pncA gene has the potential to shorten the turnaround time and increase the accuracy of PZA susceptibility testing of the M. tuberculosis complex. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Global AIDS Program, Int Lab Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Kinshasa, Teaching Hosp, Kinshasa, Congo. Unite Tuberculose & Mycobacteries, Pointe A Pitre, Guadeloupe. RP Salfinger, M (reprint author), Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Labs, 4052 Bald Cypress Way, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. EM Max_Salfinger@doh.state.fl.us NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 595 EP 599 DI 10.1128/JCM.01454-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137CI UT WOS:000244270000057 PM 17135430 ER PT J AU Bhatnagar, J Guarner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Lanciotti, RS Marfin, AA Campbell, GL Zaki, SR AF Bhatnagar, Julu Guarner, Jeannette Paddock, Christopher D. Shieh, Wun-Ju Lanciotti, Robert S. Marfin, Anthony A. Campbell, Grant L. Zaki, Sherif R. TI Detection of West Nile virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tissues by RT-PCR: A useful adjunct to conventional tissue-based diagnostic methods SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; encephalitis; polymerase chain reaction; immunohistochemistry ID RAPID DETECTION; UNITED-STATES; RNA; AMPLIFICATION; SPECIMENS; SEQUENCE; TIME; ENCEPHALITIS; EXTRACTION; FIXATION AB Background: West Nile virus (WNV), a member of genus Flavivirus, causes febrile illness, encephalitis, meningitis, myelitis, and occasional deaths in humans. Although several reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays have been developed for detection of WNV in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and fresh tissues, the usefulness of WNV RT-PCR assays for RNA extracted from formalin-fixed human tissues has not previously been demonstrated. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of a RT-PCR technique for the detection of WNV in routinely processed, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human tissues, and to compare it with conventional serology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Study design: We performed two WNV-specific nested RT-PCR assays targeting the viral capsid, premembrane, and envelope genes in FFPE central nervous system tissue samples from 27 patients with fatal WNV encephalitis, as confirmed by serology or IHC, and compared the results. The presence of WNV in RT-PCR-positive samples was confirmed by amplicon sequencing. Results: Twenty (74%) patients were WNV RT-PCR positive while 24 (89%) were seropositive. WNV IHC staining of neurons and neuronal processes was positive in fourteen (52%) patients. The concordance between IHC and serology was 41% (11/27) and between RT-PCR and serology was 63% (17/27). All 11 seropositive/IHC-positive patients and 6 (46%) of 13 seropositive/IHC-negative patients were RT-PCR positive while all 3 seronegatives were positive by both IHC and RT-PCR. Conclusions: In this study, RT-PCR was significantly more sensitive than IHC in detecting WNV infections and provided specific sequence information about the infecting virus. RT-PCR on FFPE tissues may be a particularly useful diagnostic. tool in patients who die relatively soon after disease onset and for whom serology may be negative. Combined use of serology, IHC, and RT-PCR would be expected to have the best overall sensitivity and improve detection of fatal WNV infection. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Seattle, WA USA. RP Bhatnagar, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JBhatnagar@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 106 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.11.003 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 138YW UT WOS:000244400200004 PM 17161650 ER PT J AU Hnizdo, V Darian, E Fedorowicz, A Demchuk, E Li, S Singh, H AF Hnizdo, Vladimir Darian, Eva Fedorowicz, Adam Demchuk, Eugene Li, Shengqiao Singh, Harshinder TI Nearest-neighbor nonparametric method for estimating the configurational entropy of complex molecules SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE configurational entropy; internal rotation; nearest neighbor; mutual information; computer simulations ID STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; INTERNAL-ROTATION; FORCE-FIELD; BETA-SHEET; MACROMOLECULES; CONFORMATION; DYNAMICS; ABSOLUTE; ENKEPHALIN AB A method for estimating the configurational (i.e., non-kinetic) part of the entropy of internal motion in complex molecules is introduced that does not assume any particular parametric form for the underlying probability density function. It is based on the nearest-neighbor (NN) distances of the points of a sample of internal molecular coordinates obtained by a computer simulation of a given molecule. As the method does not make any assumptions about the underlying potential energy function, it accounts fully for any anharmonicity of internal molecular motion. It provides an asymptotically unbiased and consistent estimate of the configurational part of the entropy of the internal degrees of freedom of the molecule. The NN method is illustrated by estimating the configurational entropy of internal rotation of capsaicin and two stereoisomers of tartaric acid, and by providing a much closer upper bound on the configurational entropy of internal rotation of a pentapeptide molecule than that obtained by the standard quasi-harmonic method. As a measure of dependence between any two internal molecular coordinates, a general coefficient of association based on the information-theoretic quantity of mutual information is proposed. Using NN estimates of this measure, statistical clustering procedures can be employed to group the coordinates into clusters of manageable dimensions and characterized by minimal dependence between coordinates belonging to different clusters. (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* C1 NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. W Virginia Univ, Sch Pharm, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Hnizdo, V (reprint author), NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM vbh5@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 655 EP 668 DI 10.1002/jcc.20589 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 129XG UT WOS:000243762800004 PM 17195154 ER PT J AU Farmer, DF Jackson, SA Camacho, F Hall, MA AF Farmer, Deborah F. Jackson, Sharon A. Camacho, Fabian Hall, Mark A. TI Attitudes of African American and low socioeconomic status white women toward medical research SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE women; minority groups; socioeconomic factors; qualitative research; researcher-subject relations; research ethics; trust; truth disclosure; research activities ID ANTIPLATELET STROKE PREVENTION; CLINICAL-TRIALS; MINORITY RECRUITMENT; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; PATIENTS TRUST; BREAST-CANCER; COMMUNITY; PARTICIPATION; RACE; CARE AB Minority and low socioeconomic status women are under-represented in clinical research due to logistical, informational, attitudinal, and sociocultural barriers. The primary objective of this study was to explore factors associated with research participation among African American and low socioeconomic status White women using the Theory of Planned Behavior. A secondary goal was to assess differences in barriers to research participation by age and race. A combination of qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (trust scale) methodologies was employed. Ten focus groups were held, organized by age and race. Content analysis revealed three predominant themes: fear, distrust, and hope. Older women had higher trust; there was no difference in trust by race. The results suggest that women have conflicting feelings about research that cross ethnic lines and should be addressed by researchers. Effective strategies for overcoming barriers and increasing representation are those that establish ongoing relationships with relevant communities. C1 Winston Salem State Univ, Salem, OR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Sci & hlth Policy, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Farmer, DF (reprint author), Winston Salem State Univ, Salem, OR USA. EM farmerde@wssu.edu NR 45 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 10 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 85 EP 99 DI 10.1353/hpu.2007.0008 PG 15 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 141AL UT WOS:000244548300012 PM 17337800 ER PT J AU Huang, SS Rifas-Shiman, SL Warren, DK Fraser, VJ Climo, MW Wong, ES Cosgrove, SE Perl, TM Pottinger, JM Herwaldt, LA Jernigan, JA Tokars, JL Diekema, DJ Hinrichsen, VL Yokoe, DS Platt, R AF Huang, Susan S. Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L. Warren, David K. Fraser, Victoria J. Climo, Michael W. Wong, Edward S. Cosgrove, Sara E. Perl, Trish M. Pottinger, Jean M. Herwaldt, Loreen A. Jernigan, John A. Tokars, Jerome L. Diekema, Daniel J. Hinrichsen, Virginia L. Yokoe, Deborah S. Platt, Richard CA Ctr Dis Control Prevention Epicent TI Improving methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus surveillance and reporting in intensive care units SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 09-12, 2005 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID HOSPITAL ADMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; MRSA COLONIZATION; INFECTION; CARRIAGE; PREVALENCE; SPREAD; TRANSMISSION; BACTEREMIA; COMMUNITY AB Background. Routine culturing of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) identifies unrecognized carriers and facilitates timely isolation. However, the benefit of surveillance in detecting prevalent and incident carriers likely varies among ICUs. In addition, many assessments underestimate the incidence of acquisition by including prevalent carriers in the at-risk population. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study using accurate at-risk populations to evaluate the range of benefit of admission and weekly surveillance cultures in detecting otherwise unrecognized MRSA in 12 ICUs in 5 states. Results. We assessed 142 ICU-months. Among the 12 ICUs, the admission prevalence of imported MRSA was 5% - 21%, with admission surveillance providing 30% - 135% increases in rates of detection. The monthly hospital-associated incidence was 2% - 6%, with weekly surveillance providing 7% - 157% increases in detection. The common practice of reporting incidence using the total number of patients or total patient-days underestimated incidence by one-third. Surgical ICUs had lower MRSA importation but higher MRSA incidence. Overall, routine surveillance prevented the misclassification of 17% ( unit range, 11% - 29%) of "incident" carriers, compared with clinical cultures, and increased precaution days by 18% (unit range, 11% - 91%). Conclusions. Routine surveillance significantly increases the detection of MRSA, but this benefit is not uniform across ICUs, even with high compliance and the use of correct denominators. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Infect Control Dept, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Hunter Holmes McGuire Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Richmond, VA USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Control, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Program Hosp Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Huang, SS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM sshuang@partners.org OI Diekema, Daniel/0000-0003-1273-0724; Warren, David/0000-0001-8679-8241 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI64161-01] NR 34 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 3 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1086/510622 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 122PA UT WOS:000243237700005 PM 17205470 ER PT J AU Huang, SS Rifas-Shiman, SL Pottinger, JM Herwaldt, LA Zembower, TR Noskin, GA Cosgrove, SE Perl, TM Curtis, AB Tokars, JL Diekema, DJ Jernigan, JA Hinrichsen, VL Yokoe, DS Platt, R AF Huang, Susan S. Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L. Pottinger, Jean M. Herwaldt, Loreen A. Zembower, Teresa R. Noskin, Gary A. Cosgrove, Sara E. Perl, Trish M. Curtis, Amy B. Tokars, Jerome L. Diekema, Daniel J. Jernigan, John A. Hinrichsen, Virginia L. Yokoe, Deborah S. Platt, Richard CA Ctr Dis Control Prevention Epicent TI Improving the assessment of vancomycin-resistant enterococci by routine screening SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 09-12, 2005 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION; NNIS SYSTEM REPORT; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; COLONIZATION; FAECIUM; IMPACT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; BACTEREMIA; OUTCOMES AB Background. As infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) increases in hospitals, knowledge about VRE reservoirs and improved accuracy of epidemiologic measures are needed. Many assessments underestimate incidence by including prevalent carriers in at-risk populations. Routine surveillance cultures can substantially improve prevalence and incidence estimates, and assessing the range of improvement across diverse units is important. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study using accurate at-risk populations to evaluate the range of benefit of admission and weekly surveillance cultures in detecting unrecognized VRE in 14 patient-care units. Results. We assessed 165 unit-months. The admission prevalence of VRE was 2.2%-27.2%, with admission surveillance providing 2.2-17-fold increased detection. Medical units were significantly more likely to admit VRE carriers than were surgical units. Monthly incidence was 0.8%-9.7%, with weekly surveillance providing 3.3-15.4-fold increased detection. The common practice of reporting incidence using the total number of patients, rather than patients at risk, underestimated incidence by one-third. Overall, routine surveillance prevented the misclassification of 43.0% (unit range, 0%-85.7%) of "incident" carriers on the basis of clinical cultures alone and increased VRE precaution days by 2.4-fold (unit range, 2.0-2.6-fold). Conclusions. Routine surveillance markedly increases the detection of VRE, despite variability across patient-care units. Correct denominators prevent the substantial underestimation of incidence. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Control, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Program Hosp Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Control, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. Western Michigan Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Huang, SS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM sshuang@partners.org OI Diekema, Daniel/0000-0003-1273-0724 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI64161-01] NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 3 BP 339 EP 346 DI 10.1086/510624 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 122PA UT WOS:000243237700006 PM 17205471 ER PT J AU Wolday, D Meles, H Hailu, E Messele, T Mengistu, Y Fekadu, M Parekh, BS Wuhib, T AF Wolday, D. Meles, H. Hailu, E. Messele, T. Mengistu, Y. Fekadu, M. Parekh, B. S. Wuhib, T. TI Temporal trends in the incidence of HIV infection in antenatal clinic attendees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 1995-2003 SO JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Africa; decline; Ethiopia; HIV; incidence; prevalence ID BED-ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; TESTING ALGORITHM; SEROCONVERSION; ASSAY; PREVALENCE; STRATEGY AB Background: The HIV incidence data are relevant in depicting the current dynamics and trend of the epidemic. Using a new laboratory method for HIV-1 incidence, we aimed at estimating a 10-year trend in HIV-1 incidence in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: We determined the temporal trends in HIV incidence based on a total of 7744 serum specimens from pregnant women who attended antenatal clinics in Addis Ababa between 1995 and 2003. HIV incidence was determined by IgG-capture HIV-1 BED incidence enzyme immunoassay following a validation using a well-characterized panel of serial serum specimens from subtype C-infected seroconverters. Findings: Of the 1350 HIV+ specimens tested as part of the annual sentinel survey between 1995 and 2003, a total of 1332 (98.7%) were tested by BED HIV-1 incidence assay. The incidence rate of HIV-1 infection declined significantly from 7.7% (95% CI, 3.9-11.5%) in 1995 to 2.0% (95% CI, 0.7-3.3%) in 2003. Although there was a trend, amongst the age group of 15-29 years, in age-specific decline in incidence, it was not statistically significant. No change in HIV incidence rate was observed for the group aged above 30 years. Interpretion: A corresponding decline in the incidence of HIV infection was observed with the decline in the prevalence of HIV infection between 1995 and 2003 in Addis Ababa City. Whether the declines were because of changes in sexual behaviours or other reasons needs to be explored. The BED HIV-1 incidence assay provides a valuable tool in obtaining information on recent HIV-1 infection. C1 EHNRI, CDC, Program AIDS STI & Tuberculosis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. CDC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wolday, D (reprint author), EHNRI, CDC, Program AIDS STI & Tuberculosis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 8297, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM d_wolday@yahoo.com NR 12 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-6820 J9 J INTERN MED JI J. Intern. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 261 IS 2 BP 132 EP 137 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01740.x PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XH UT WOS:000243476300005 PM 17241178 ER PT J AU Blackstone, GM Nordstrom, JL Bowen, MD Meyer, RF Imbro, P DePaola, A AF Blackstone, George M. Nordstrom, Jessica L. Bowen, Michael D. Meyer, Richard F. Imbro, Paula DePaola, Angelo TI Use of a real time PCR assay for detection of the ctxA gene of vibrio cholerae in an environmental survey of Mobile Bay SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE vibrio cholerae; real time PCR; cholerae toxin ID STATES GULF-COAST; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-O1; PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; TRANSMISSION; BANGLADESH; OYSTERS; SHRIMP; STRAIN; O139 AB Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, is a natural inhabitant of the marine environment and causes severe diarrheal disease affecting thousands of people each year in developing countries. It is the subject of extensive testing of shrimp produced and exported from these countries. We report the development of a real time PCR (qPCR) assay to detect the gene encoding cholera toxin, ctxA, found in toxigenic V cholerae strains. This assay was tested against DNA isolated from soil samples collected from diverse locations in the US, a panel of eukaryotic DNA from various sources, and prokaryotic DNA from closely related and unrelated bacterial sources. Only Fibrio strains known to contain ctxA generated a fluorescent signal with the 5' nuclease probe targeting the ctxA gene, thus confirming the specificity of the assay. In addition, the assay was quantitative in pure culture across a six-log dynamic range down to < 10 CFU per reaction. To test the robustness of this assay, oysters, aquatic sediments, and seawaters from Mobile Bay, AL, were analyzed by qPCR and traditional culture methods. The assay was applied to overnight alkaline peptone water enrichments of these matrices after boiling the enrichments for 10 min. Toxigenic V. cholerae strains were not detected by either qPCR or conventional methods in the 16 environmental samples examined. A novel exogenous internal amplification control developed by us to prevent false negatives identified the samples that were inhibitory to the PCR. This assay, with the incorporated internal control, provides a highly specific, sensitive, and rapid detection method for the detection of toxigenic strains of V cholerae. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US FDA, GCSL, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Homeland Secur Inst, Arlington, VA 22206 USA. RP Blackstone, GM (reprint author), US FDA, GCSL, 1 Iberville Dr,POB 158, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. EM George.Blackstone@fda.hhs.gov NR 24 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2007 VL 68 IS 2 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.08.006 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 138SK UT WOS:000244382400008 PM 17034889 ER PT J AU Damiani, CL O'Callaghan, JP AF Damiani, Candice L. O'Callaghan, James P. TI Recapitulation of cell signaling events associated with astrogliosis using the brain slice preparation SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE astrogliosis; signal transducer and activator of transcription-3; glial fibrillary acidic protein; protein phosphorylation; oncostatin M; leukemia inhibitory factor ID LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ONCOSTATIN-M; IN-VIVO; MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION; ASTROCYTES; EXPRESSION; INJURY; CYTOKINE AB Astroglial activation constitutes a dominant response to all types of injuries of the CNS. Despite the ubiquitous nature of this cellular reaction to neural injury, a little is known concerning the signaling mechanisms that initiate it. Recently, we demonstrated that astrocytic hypertrophy and enhanced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein resulting from toxicant-induced neurodegeneration are linked to activation of the janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) pathway. These observations implicate ligands at the gp130 receptor as potential upstream effectors of astrogliosis. Here we used the brain slice preparation to examine potential activators of the JAK-STAT3 pathway. Following incubation of freshly cut striatal slices in phosphate-free oxygenated buffer for up to 75 min, we found that slicing the striatum itself was a sufficient stimulus to initiate a rapid activation of the JAK-STAT3 pathway as assessed with immunoblots of pSTAT3((tyr705)) using phospho-state specific antibodies. The mRNA for the gp130 cytokines, leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin-6 and oncostatin M or the beta-chemokine, monocyte chemoattractive protein (CCl2) also were up-regulated in the slice. Moreover, we could enhance the activation of STAT3((tyr705)) by adding exogenous cytokines to the slice and we could inhibit phosphorylation of STAT3((tyr705)) by addition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Lav A and AG490) or neutralizing antibodies directed against leukemia inhibitory factor or oncostatin M. These data suggest that STAT3 activation is an early event in slice-induced glial activation and establishes the brain slice preparation method as a reliable model to examine the signaling mechanisms that underlie glial activation. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, M-S L-3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jdo5@cdc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 720 EP 726 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04321.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 125AC UT WOS:000243412900013 PM 17176261 ER PT J AU Waters, TR Dick, RB Davis-Barkley, J Krieg, EF AF Waters, Thomas R. Dick, Robert B. Davis-Barkley, Joi Krieg, Edward F. TI A cross-sectional study of risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in the workplace using data from the General Social Survey (GSS) SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; WORK; PAIN; DISORDERS; SHOULDER; PREVALENCE; NATIONWIDE; TAIWAN AB Objective: Assessments of potential risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) from large, national study populations using personal interviews are critical to our understanding of exposure-response relationships. To address this need, we analyzed two outcome measures-self-reported back pain and upper extremity pain from the quality of work life (QWL) module of the General Social Survey (GSS). We investigated several individual, psychosocial, and physical factors for their relationship to these outcome measures. Methods: The study population included US adults, noninstitutionalized, Englishspeaking, aged 18 years or older, and employed at least part time (>= 20 hr/wk). Final sample size was 1484 workers. Results: Variables of physical exposure significantly increased the risk of both low back pain and upper extremity pain. Multiple injuries and some psychosocial factors were associated with MSDs, and there was an additive effect on risk of MSDs with exposure to both physical exposure and work stress. Conclusions: A relationship between physical loads and musculoskeletal disorders was indicated by the results, which will enable creating a database for tracking reports of MSDs in the US working population. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Waters, TR (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, CDC, MS-C24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM twaters@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 172 EP 184 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3180322559 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 137ET UT WOS:000244276500007 PM 17293757 ER PT J AU de Veij, M Vandenabeele, P Hall, KA Fernandez, FM Green, MD White, NJ Dondorp, AM Newton, PN Moens, L AF de Veij, Marleen Vandenabeele, Peter Hall, Krystyn Alter Fernandez, Facundo M. Green, Michael D. White, Nicholas J. Dondorp, Arjen M. Newton, Paul N. Moens, Luc TI Fast detection and identification of counterfeit antimalarial tablets by Raman spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE artesunate; counterfeit drug detection; malaria; principal components analysis (PCA) ID SOUTHEAST-ASIA; CRYSTAL FORMS; DRUGS; SPECTROMETRY; ARTESUNATE; ECSTASY AB During the last decade there has been an apparent increase in the prevalence of counterfeit medicines in developing as well as developed countries. The pivotal antimalarial artesunate has been counterfeited on a large scale in SE Asia. In this work, the possibilities of Raman spectroscopy are explored as a fast and reliable screening method for the detection of counterfeit artesunate tablets. In this study, 50 'artesunate tablets', purchased in SE Asia, were examined. This spectroscopic method was able to distinguish between genuine and counterfeit artesunate and to identify the composition of the counterfeit tablets. These contained no detectable levels of artesunate, but consisted mostly of starch, calcite (CaCO3), and paracetamol (4-acetamidophenol). In one particular case an admixture of rutile (TiO2) and artesunate was detected. The results of the investigation by Raman spectroscopy were in agreement with those of colorimetric tests and of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry on the artesunate. Moreover, principal components analysis (PCA) was combined with hierarchical cluster analysis to establish an automated approach for the discrimination between different groups of counterfeits and genuine artesunate tablets. These results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis is a promising and reliable methodology for the fast characterization of genuine and counterfeit artesunate antimalarial tablets. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Ghent, Analyt Chem Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Wellcome Trust Mahidol Univ Oxford Trop Med Res C, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp Oxford Med Res Collab, Viangchan, Laos. RP de Veij, M (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Analyt Chem Lab, Proeftuinstr 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM marleen.deveij@UGent.be RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008; Vandenabeele, Peter/B-8904-2017 OI Vandenabeele, Peter/0000-0001-5285-9835 NR 30 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 35 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1002/jrs.1621 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 146ZD UT WOS:000244972300009 ER PT J AU Park, YS Choi, JW Kim, KW AF Park, Y. S. Choi, J. W. Kim, K. W. TI A balanced multi-level rotation sampling design and its efficient composite estimators SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE three-way balancing; minimurn risk estimator; generalized regression estimator; time-in-sample bias; recall bias AB We present a multi-level rotation sampling design which includes most of the existing rotation designs as special cases. When an estimator is defined under this sampling design, its variance and bias remain the same over survey months, but it is not so under other existing rotation designs. Using the properties of this multi-level rotation design, we derive the mean squared error (MSE) of the generalized composite estimator (GCE), incorporating the two types of correlations arising from rotating sample units. We show that the MSEs of other existing composite estimators currently used can be expressed as special cases of the GCE. Furthermore, since the coefficients of the GCE are unknown and difficult to determine, we present the minimum risk window estimator (MRWE) as an alternative estimator. This MRWE has the smallest MSE under this rotation design and yet, it is easy to calculate. The MRWE is unbiased for monthly and yearly changes and preserves the internal consistency in total. Out-numerical study shows that the MRWE is as efficient as GCE and more efficient than the existing composite estimators and does not suffer from the drift problem [Fuller W.A., Rao J.N.K., 2001. A regression composite estimator with application to the Canadian Labour Force Survey. Surv. Methodol. 27 (2001) 45-51] unlike the regression composite estimators. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Informat Stat, Jochiwon, Chungnam, South Korea. EM yspark@korea.ac.kr NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 137 IS 2 BP 594 EP 610 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2005.12.007 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 098SV UT WOS:000241544000017 ER PT J AU Cleveland, JL Barker, LK Cuny, EJ Panlilio, AL AF Cleveland, Jennifer L. Barker, Laurie K. Cuny, Eve J. Panlilio, Adelisa L. CA NaSH Grp TI Preventing percutaneous injuries among dental health care personnel SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE dentistry; occupational exposure; safety devices; blood-borne pathogens; infection control ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS HIV; UNITED-STATES; WORKERS; EXPOSURE; INFECTION; DENTISTS; BLOOD AB Background. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that health care personnel (HCP) adopt safer work practice and consider using medical devices with safety features. This article describes the circumstances of percutaneous injuries among a sample of hospital-based dental HCP and estimates the preventability of a subset of these injuries: needlesticks. Methods. The authors analysed percutaneous injuries reported by dental HCP in the CDC's National Surveillance System for Health Care Workers (NaSH) from December 1995 through August 2004 to describe the circumstances. Results. Of 360 percutaneous injuries, 36 percent were reported by dentists, 34 percent by oral surgeons, 22 percent by dental assistants, and 4 percent each by hygienists and students. Almost 25 percent involved anesthetic syringe needles. Of 87 needlestick injuries, 53 percent occurred after needle use and during activities in which a safety feature could have been activated (such as during passing and handling) or a safer work practice used. Conclusions. NaSH data show that needlestick injuries still occur and that a majority occur at a point in the workflow at which safety syringes - in addition to safe work practices and recapping systems - could contribute to injury prevention. Clinical Implications. All dental practices should have a comprehensive written program for preventing needlestick injuries that describes procedures for identifying, screening and, when appropriate, adopting safety devices; mechanisms for reporting and providing medical follow-up for percutaneous injuries; and a system for training staff members in safe work practices and the proper use of safety devices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Pacific, Arthur A Dugoni Sch Dent, Dept Pathol & Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cleveland, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, MS F-10,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JLCleveland@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 138 IS 2 BP 169 EP 178 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 136QG UT WOS:000244238600016 PM 17272371 ER PT J AU Dowling, NF Beckman, MG Manco-Johnson, M Hassell, K Philipp, CS Michaels, LA Moll, S Heit, JA Penner, J Kulkarni, R Pipe, S Bockenstedt, P Andersen, J Crudder, S James, AH Zimmerman, S Ortel, TL AF Dowling, N. F. Beckman, M. G. Manco-Johnson, M. Hassell, K. Philipp, C. S. Michaels, L. A. Moll, S. Heit, J. A. Penner, J. Kulkarni, R. Pipe, S. Bockenstedt, P. Andersen, J. Crudder, S. James, A. H. Zimmerman, S. Ortel, T. L. TI The US Thrombosis and Hemostasis Centers pilot sites program SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS LA English DT Article DE thrombosis; hemostasis; thrombophilia; comprehensive care ID THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; ANTICOAGULATION; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT; CHILDHOOD; REGISTRY; HEALTH; CARE AB Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite important advances in understanding the etiology of VTE, delivery of care to patients with thrombosis and thrombophilia is frequently incomplete and highly variable. A comprehensive model of health care has been used successfully to treat and prevent complications for people with hemophilia and other chronic disorders. The effectiveness of an integrated healthcare model for patients with all coagulation disorders has yet to be evaluated. The Division of Hereditary Blood Disorders of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is collaborating with eight Thrombosis and Hemostasis Centers (pilot sites) to provide health-related services and conduct research directed toward the reduction or prevention of complications of thrombosis and thrombophilia. The initial objectives of the collaboration are to (1) determine the efficacy of integrated multidisciplinary care and prevention services for people with hemostatic disorders, (2) assess unmet needs for service delivery and identify outreach strategies to improve access to care, (3) develop effective messages aimed at disease management and prevention, and (4) foster the development of training programs to enhance provider skills for the delivery of patient care. To address these objectives, the investigators and CDC have developed and implemented a web-based patient registry to follow prospectively service allocation and patient outcomes. Funding for the program began in October 2001. All eight funded centers are affiliated with U.S. medical schools. Principal investigators at the centers are hematologists (five adult, two pediatric) or cardiologists. Faculty in obstetrics-gynecology, surgery, and multiple other specialties are integral to the model of care at the centers. Other critical components at the centers are clinical laboratory services, training programs, research networks, and education and outreach programs. From August 2003 to March 2006, over 2,600 patients were enrolled in the registry, accounting for a total of more than 5,000 visits to the centers. Immediate goals of the data collection at the centers are to characterize patients receiving care at centers and document the state of health services provided. Long-term goals are to evaluate prospectively clinical outcomes for patients receiving multidisciplinary care and prevention services at centers. The network of data collection across centers will facilitate future collaborative clinical and epidemiologic investigations and enhance collective expertise in hemostasis and coagulation disorders. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disorders, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Colorado Denver, Hlth Sci Ctr, Aurora, CO USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Dowling, NF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disorders, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ncd5@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5305 J9 J THROMB THROMBOLYS JI J. Thromb. Thrombolysis PD FEB PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1007/s11239-006-9002-y PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 136CF UT WOS:000244199500001 PM 17111206 ER PT J AU Tseng, CTK Huang, C Newman, P Wang, N Narayanan, K Watts, DM Makino, S Packard, MM Zaki, SR Chan, TS Peters, CJ AF Tseng, Chien-Te K. Huang, Cheng Newman, Patrick Wang, Nan Narayanan, Krishna Watts, Douglas M. Makino, Shinji Packard, Michelle M. Zaki, Sherif R. Chan, Teh-Sheng Peters, Clarence J. TI Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of mice transgenic for the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 virus receptor SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARS-ASSOCIATED CORONAVIRUS; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; NEURAL CELL-LINES; PRODUCTIVE INFECTION; FUNCTIONAL RECEPTOR; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; LUNG PATHOLOGY; BALB/C MICE AB Animal models for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus infection of humans are needed to elucidate SARS pathogenesis and develop vaccines and antivirals. We developed transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a functional receptor for the virus, under the regulation of a global promoter. A transgenic lineage, designated AC70, was among the best characterized against SARS coronavirus infection, showing weight loss and other clinical manifestations before reaching 100% mortality within 8 days after intranasal infection. High virus titers were detected in the lungs and brains of transgene-positive (Tg(+)) mice on days 1 and 3 after infection. Inflammatory mediators were also detected in these tissues, coinciding with high levels of virus replication. Lower virus titers were also detected in other tissues, including blood. In contrast, infected transgene-negative (Tg(-)) mice survived without showing any clinical illness. Pathologic examination suggests that the extensive involvement of the central nervous system likely contributed to the death of Tg(+) mice, even though viral pneumonia was present. Preliminary studies with mice of a second lineage, AC63, in which the transgene expression was considerably less abundant than that in the AC70 line, revealed that virus replication was largely restricted to the lungs but not the brain. Importantly, despite significant weight loss, infected Tg(+) AC63 mice eventually recovered from the illness without any mortality. The severity of the disease that developed in these transgenic mice-AC70 in particular-makes these mouse models valuable not only for evaluating the efficacy of antivirals and vaccines, but also for studying SARS coronavirus pathogenesis. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tseng, CTK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 301 Univ Blvd,G-150 Keiller Bldg, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM sktseng@utmb.edu RI Narayanan, Krishna/A-7069-2009; Makino, Shinji/E-8014-2015 OI Makino, Shinji/0000-0002-7831-1576 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI063118, AI29984, N01 AI25489, N01AI25489, R01 AI029984, R21 AI029984, R21 AI063118] NR 49 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3 BP 1162 EP 1173 DI 10.1128/JVI.01702-06 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 129YU UT WOS:000243766800011 PM 17108019 ER PT J AU DeDiego, ML Alvarez, E Almazan, F Rejas, MT Lamirande, E Roberts, A Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Subbarao, K Enjuanes, L AF DeDiego, Marta L. Alvarez, Enrique Almazan, Fernando Rejas, Maria Teresa Lamirande, Elaine Roberts, Anjeanette Shieh, Wun-Ju Zaki, Sherif R. Subbarao, Kanta Enjuanes, Luis TI A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus that lacks the E gene is attenuated in vitro and in vivo SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRONCHITIS-VIRUS-E; VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEIN; GOLDEN SYRIAN-HAMSTERS; SARS-CORONAVIRUS; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; RNA-SYNTHESIS; ION CHANNELS; CELL-LINES; REPLICATION AB A deletion mutant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has been engineered by deleting the structural E gene in an infectious cDNA clone that was constructed as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). The recombinant virus lacking the E gene (rSARS-CoV-Delta E) was rescued in Vero E6 cells. The recovered deletion mutant grew in Vero E6, Huh-7, and CaCo-2 cells to titers 20-, 200-, and 200-fold lower than the recombinant wild-type virus, respectively, indicating that although the E protein has an effect on growth, it is not essential for virus replication. No differences in virion stability under a wide range of pH and temperature were detected between the deletion mutant and recombinant wild-type viruses. Although both viruses showed the same morphology by electron microscopy, the process of morphogenesis seemed to be less efficient with the defective virus than with the recombinant wild-type one. The rSARS-CoV-AE virus replicated to titers 100- to 1,000-fold lower than the recombinant wild-type virus in the upper and lower respiratory tract of hamsters, and the lower viral load was accompanied by less inflammation in the lungs of hamsters infected with rSARS-CoV-Delta E virus than with the recombinant wild-type virus. Therefore, the SARS-CoV that lacks the E gene is attenuated in hamsters, might be a safer research tool, and may be a good candidate for the development of a live attenuated SARS-CoV vaccine. C1 CSIC, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Madrid 28049, Spain. UAM, CSIC, Ctr Biol Mol, Fac Ciencias, Madrid 28049, Spain. NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Enjuanes, L (reprint author), CSIC, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Darwin 3,Campus Univ Autonoma, Madrid 28049, Spain. EM L.Enjuanes@cnb.uam.es RI Almazan, Fernando/K-8781-2015; OI Almazan, Fernando/0000-0002-5752-8469; Enjuanes, Luis/0000-0002-0854-0226 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 60 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 81 IS 4 BP 1701 EP 1713 DI 10.1128/JVI.01467-06 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 136RI UT WOS:000244241400017 PM 17108030 ER PT J AU Desai, M ter Kuile, FO Nosten, F McGready, R Asamoa, K Brabin, B Newman, RD AF Desai, Meghna ter Kuile, Feiko O. Nosten, Francois McGready, Rose Asamoa, Kwame Brabin, Bernard Newman, Robert D. TI Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM INFECTION; RAPID DIAGNOSTIC-TEST; TREATED BED NETS; PLACENTAL MALARIA; CONGENITAL MALARIA; WESTERN KENYA; RISK-FACTORS; UNSTABLE TRANSMISSION AB We reviewed evidence of the clinical implications and burden of malaria in pregnancy. Most studies come from sub-Saharan Africa, where approximately 25 million pregnant women are at risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection every year, and one in four women have evidence of placental infection at the time of delivery. P falciparum infections during pregnancy in Africa rarely result in fever and therefore remain undetected and untreated. Meta-analyses of intervention trials suggest that successful prevention of these infections reduces the risk of severe maternal anaemia by 38%, low birthweight by 43%, and perinatal mortality by 27% among paucigravidae. Low birthweight associated with malaria in pregnancy is estimated to result in 100 000 infant deaths in Africa each year. Although paucigravidae are most affected by malaria, the consequences for infants born to multigravid women in Africa may be greater than previously appreciated. This is because HIV increases the risk of malaria and its adverse effects, particularly in multigravidae, and recent observational studies show that placental infection almost doubles the risk of malaria infection and morbidity in infants born to multigravidae. Outside Africa, malaria infection rates in pregnant women are much lower but are more likely to cause severe disease, preterm births, and fetal loss. Plasmodium vivax is common in Asia and the Americas and, unlike P falciparum, does not cytoadhere in the placenta, yet, is associated with maternal anaemia and low birthweight. The effect of infection in the first trimester, and the longer term effects of malaria beyond infancy, are largely unknown and may be substantial. Better estimates are also needed of the effects of malaria in pregnancy outside Africa, and on maternal morbidity and mortality in Africa. Global risk maps will allow better estimation of potential impact of successful control of malaria in pregnancy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Shoklo Malaria Res Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand. John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Emmakinderziekenhuis, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. United State Publ Hlth Serv, Rockville, MD USA. RP Desai, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mdesai@cdc.gov OI Nosten, Francois/0000-0002-7951-0745; McGready, Rose/0000-0003-1621-3257 FU Wellcome Trust NR 112 TC 474 Z9 481 U1 5 U2 46 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70021-X PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 129RX UT WOS:000243748900022 PM 17251080 ER PT J AU Menendez, C D'Alessandra, U ter Kuile, FO AF Menendez, Clara D'Alessandra, Umberto ter Kuile, Feiko O. TI Reducing the burden of malaria in pregnancy by preventive strategies SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; INTERMITTENT SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM INFECTION; INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS; IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE AB Malaria is one of the most common and preventable causes of adverse birth outcomes. In Africa, important progress has been made in the past decade with the introduction of a preventive strategy for malaria in pregnancy consisting of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) and insecticide-treated nets, yet their coverage is still unacceptably low and malaria continues to demand a huge toll on pregnant women and their newborn babies. Increasing the frequency of dosing of IPTp with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine might provide temporary respite, but increasing resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine makes research into safe, efficacious, and affordable alternatives for IPTp one of the highest priorities for the control of malaria in pregnancy. A number of promising alternatives are, or will soon be, available that need to be evaluated as IPTp after their safety and pharmacokinetics in pregnancy have first been assessed in parasitaemic women. little is known about appropriate control strategies in Asia and Latin America for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in pregnancy, which in most countries rely on responsive case management approaches. The role of case management based on proactive screening for malaria infection of women attending antenatal care or preventive approaches with insecticide-treated nets or IPTp are urgently needed. To achieve these objectives, multicentre and multidisciplinary approaches are required across the range of malaria transmission settings that include assessment of immunological effect of successfid preventions, the perceptions and acceptability of different preventive approaches, and their cost-effectiveness. C1 Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, Ctr Int Hlth, Barcelona 08036, Spain. Manhica Hlth Res Ctr, Manhica, Mozambique. Prince Leopold Inst Trop Med, Dept Parasitol, Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Menendez, C (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, Ctr Int Hlth, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain. EM menendez@clinic.ub.es RI D'Alessandro, Umberto/D-3457-2015 OI D'Alessandro, Umberto/0000-0001-6341-5009 NR 101 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 6 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 126 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70024-5 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 129RX UT WOS:000243748900025 PM 17251083 ER PT J AU Crawley, J Hill, J Yartey, J Robalo, M Serufilira, A Ba-Nguz, A Roman, E Palmer, A Asamoa, K Steketee, R AF Crawley, Jane Hill, Jenny Yartey, Juliana Robalo, Magda Serufilira, Antoine Ba-Nguz, Antoinette Roman, Elaine Palmer, Ayo Asamoa, Kwame Steketee, Richard TI From evidence to action? Challenges to policy change and programme delivery for malaria in pregnancy SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID INTERMITTENT PREVENTIVE TREATMENT; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ROUTINE PROPHYLACTIC SUPPLEMENTATION; INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; WESTERN KENYA; FOLIC-ACID; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MUKONO DISTRICT AB This paper discusses the factors that influence whether strategies for preventing and treating malaria in pregnancy are successfully translated into national policy and programme implementation, and identifies key operational research issues. Countries require guidance on how to assess the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the context of increasing sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance. At the same time, data on the safety and efficacy of alternatives to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for prevention and treatment are urgently needed. Systematic examination of the cultural and operational constraints to delivery and uptake of IPTp with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and use of insecticide-treated nets would provide a rational basis for strategies aimed at improving coverage. Standardised methodology must be used to monitor IPTp coverage and to compare different approaches for scaling-up the delivery of insecticide-treated nets to pregnant women. Adequate budgetary provision for the implementation of policy and for operational research to improve programme delivery should be included in national applications to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. The provision of clear policy guidance on malaria in pregnancy and its translation into evidence-based guidelines that are made widely available at a country level are central to improving malaria control in this particularly vulnerable group. C1 WHO, Global Malaria Program, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. WHO, Malaria Unit, Div AIDS TB & Malaria, Reg Off Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. WHO, Reg Off Africa, Div Family & Reprod Hlth, Libreville, Gabon. JHPIEGO, Nairobi, Kenya. MRC, Labs Fajara, Ctr Innovat Malaria, Banjul, Gambia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Batiment Avant Ctr, Fermey Voltaire, France. RP Crawley, J (reprint author), WHO, Global Malaria Program, 20 Ave Appla, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM jane.crawley@gmail.com NR 60 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70026-9 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 129RX UT WOS:000243748900027 PM 17251085 ER PT J AU Newmark, J Langer, JM Capacio, B Barr, J McIntosh, RG AF Newmark, Jonathan Langer, Janice M. Capacio, Benedict Barr, John McIntosh, Roger G. TI Liquid sulfur mustard exposure SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-LYASE METABOLITES; HUMAN URINE; THIODIGLYCOL; QUANTIFICATION; QUANTITATION AB A 35-year-old active duty service member sustained a 6.5% body surface area burn as a result of exposure to the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, which is the most severe mustard exposure of a U.S. military member since World War II that is known to us. New techniques were used to demonstrate the detectable persistence of mustard metabolites in the patient's blood for at least 41 days after exposure, validating these techniques for the first time for a human mustard patient; they were also used for the first time with human mustard blister fluid. The techniques extend eightfold the period of time that mustard exposure can be definitively diagnosed, compared with previous techniques. Although this patient's lesions were never life-threatening, he required 2 weeks of intensive burn care. He has been left with ongoing posttraumatic stress disorder and has had an incomplete dermatological recovery. In a major terrorist attack involving many patients exposed to sulfur mustard, care resources would be depleted quickly. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Assistant Secretary Publ Hth Emergency Prepar, Washington, DC 20201 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. 436th Med Operat Squadron, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Abingdon, MD 21009 USA. USA, Reserve Unit Consequence Management, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Newmark, J (reprint author), Joint Program Execut Off Chem Off Chem Biol Def, Med Syst, Skyline 2,Suite 1609,5203 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 196 EP 198 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136NY UT WOS:000244232600018 PM 17357776 ER PT J AU Fagan, P Shavers, V Lawrence, D Gibson, JT Ponder, P AF Fagan, Pebbles Shavers, Vickie Lawrence, Deirdre Gibson, James Todd Ponder, Paris TI Cigarette smoking and quitting behaviors among unemployed adults in the United States SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES; CANCER-MORTALITY; HEART-DISEASE; PRIMARY-CARE; FOLLOW-UP; HEALTH; MEN; EMPLOYMENT; CONSEQUENCES; WOMEN AB Little is known about factors associated with smoking among the unemployed. This study estimated the prevalence of smoking and examined sociodemographic factors associated with current, former, and successful quitting among unemployed adults aged 18-64. Cross-sectional data on 13,480 participants in the 1998-1999 and 2001-2002 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Surveys were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with study outcomes (current vs. never, former vs. current, successful quitter vs. other former smoker). Among the unemployed, 35% were current smokers and 13% were former smokers. Of the former smokers, 81% quit successfully for at least 12 months. Participants with family incomes of less than US$25,000 were more likely than those with incomes of $50,000 or more to currently smoke (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.85-2.46). Service workers and blue-collar workers were less likely than white-collar workers to report former smoking. Participants unemployed for 6 months or more were twice as likely as those unemployed for less than 6 months to quit successfully (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.07-3.95). Unemployed blue-collar workers had a greater odds ratio of successfully quitting than white-collar workers (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.17-2.87). Smoking rates were high among the unemployed, and quitting behaviors varied by sociodemographic factors and length of unemployment. Studies are needed to examine the feasibility of cessation interventions for the unemployed. C1 NCI, Tobacco Control Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Informat Management Syst, Silver Spring, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fagan, P (reprint author), NCI, Tobacco Control Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, 6130 Execut Blvd,EPN 4042, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM faganp@mail.nih.gov NR 63 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1080/14622200601080331 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 146IK UT WOS:000244927500009 PM 17365755 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Ahmed, F Krishnan, S Richards, TB Unger, ER Lawson, HW AF Saraiya, Mona Ahmed, Faruque Krishnan, Sheila Richards, Thomas B. Unger, Elizabeth R. Lawson, Herschel W. TI Cervical cancer incidence in a prevaccine era in the United States, 1998-2002 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIRECTLY STANDARDIZED RATES; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; WHITE WOMEN; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; ADENOCARCINOMA; PREVENTION; WORLDWIDE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE AB OBJECTIVE: To report the incidence of cervical cancer by geography, race or ethnicity, and histology. METHODS: We examined combined data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program covering 87% of the U.S. population. We calculated the age-adjusted incidence of cervical cancer by age, race or ethnicity, histology, and stage by region or state. RESULTS: Rates of invasive cancer per 100,000 females declined from 10.2 in 1998 to 8.5 in 2002. Incidence rates by state ranged from 6.6 to 12.3 per 100,000. Rates were especially high among Hispanic women aged 40 years or older (26.5 or more) and African -American women aged older than 50 years (23.5 or more). Rates of squamous cell carcinoma were significantly higher among African-American and Hispanic women than among their white counterparts. In contrast, rates of adenocarcinoma (18% of all cases) were significantly lower among African-American women than in white women (rate ratio 0.88, P<.05). Rates of adenocarcinorna were significantly higher among Hispanic women than among non-Hispanics (rate ratio 1.71, P<.05). Although no regional differences were noted for adenocarcinoma, rates of squamous cell carcinoma were higher in the South than in other regions. CONCLUSION: Despite intense screening in the past decade, higher rates of cervical cancer persist among women in the South and women who are African American or Hispanic. This information could guide more focused interventions to increase access to screening with cervical cytology as well as vaccination against human papillomavirus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM msaraiya@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 29 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 109 IS 2 BP 360 EP 370 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000254165.92653.e8 PN 1 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 171YK UT WOS:000246771100019 PM 17267837 ER PT J AU Thompson, HP Dooley, JSG Kenny, J McCoy, M Lowery, CJ Moore, JE Xiao, L AF Thompson, Heather P. Dooley, James S. G. Kenny, John McCoy, Maurice Lowery, Colm J. Moore, John E. Xiao, Lihua TI Genotypes and subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp. in neonatal calves in Northern Ireland SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEIC DAIRY CALVES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; CONCURRENT INFECTIONS; SUBGENOTYPE ANALYSIS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CENTRAL SPAIN; PARVUM; CHILDREN; HUMANS AB Cryptosporidium spp. in diarrheic calves less than 30 days old from farms across Northern Ireland were examined over a year period by microscopic, genotyping, and subtyping techniques to characterize the transmission dynamics. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 291 of 779 (37.4%) animals. The prevalence rates of rotavirus, coronavirus, and Escherichia coli K99+ were lower as seen in 242 of 806 (30.0%), 46/806 (5.7%), and 16/421 (3.8%) of animals, respectively. Of the 224 Cryptosporidium-positive specimens available for molecular analysis, Cryptosporidium parvum was identified in 213 (95.1%) specimens, Cryptosporidium bovis in eight (3.6%), and Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype in three (1.3%). Sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene identified 16 IIa subtypes and a new subtype family, with 120 of the 216 (55.6%) positive specimens having the subtype IIaA18G3R1. Eight of the IIa subtypes were previously seen in humans in Northern Ireland. Several subtypes were temporally or geographically unique. The genetic diversity in calves in Northern Ireland was much greater than that reported from other areas. This work demonstrates the utility of genotyping and subtyping tools in characterizing the transmission of Cryptosporidium spp. in calves and humans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Ulster, Fac Life & Hlth Sci, Sch Biomed Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. Dept Agr & Rural Dev No Ireland, Belfast BT4 3SD, Antrim, North Ireland. Belfast City Hosp, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Xiao, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Dooley, James/0000-0002-9459-5572 NR 42 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 619 EP 624 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0305-x PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 119HK UT WOS:000243003200026 PM 17031699 ER PT J AU Bell, BP Negus, S Fiore, AE Plotnik, J Dhotre, KB Williams, J Shapiro, CN McMahon, BJ AF Bell, Beth P. Negus, Susan Fiore, Anthony E. Plotnik, Julia Dhotre, Kathy Boaz Williams, James Shapiro, Craig N. McMahon, Brian J. TI Immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in infants and young children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A; vaccine; immunogenicity; hepatitis A virus ID MATERNAL ANTIBODY; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; VIRUS; INFECTIONS; RESPONSES; SCHEDULE AB Background: Infants with passively transferred maternal antibody, born to mothers immune to hepatitis A virus (HAV), have a blunted response to hepatitis A (HA) vaccine. We compared HA vaccine immunogenicity among infants born to immune and susceptible mothers, vaccinated on different schedules. Methods: Infants were randomized into 3 groups, each receiving 2 doses of 720 EL.U. of HA vaccine (HAVRIX; Glaxo SmithKline): group 1 at ages 6 and 12 months, group 2 at ages 12 and 18 months and group 3 at ages 15 and 21 months. We determined mothers' antibody to HAV (anti-HAV) status and infants' anti-HAV concentrations at the first vaccine dose (baseline) and at 1, 7 and 12 months thereafter. All were tested at age 13 months for responses to recommended routine vaccinations administered during infancy. Results: Of 248 participants, 140 were born to HA-susceptible mothers and 108 to immune mothers. At baseline, 34 of 36 (94%) group 1, 5 of 34 (15%) group 2 and one of 38 (3%) group 3 infants born to immune mothers were seropositive. By month 7, all participants in all groups were seropositive except group I infants born to immune mothers (34 of 36 [94%], seropositive). In group 1, peak geometric mean concentrations between infants born to immune (794 mIU/mL) and susceptible (2083 mIU/mL) mothers were significantly different. Across groups, peak geometric mean concentrations were similar among infants born to susceptible mothers (3166 mIU/mL, group 2; 3153 mIU/mL, group 3). Among infants born to immune mothers, the difference between groups 1 and 3 (2715 mIU/mL) was significant. There were no differences in responses to routine vaccinations. Conclusions: HA vaccine is immunogenic among infants born to HA-susceptible mothers and those born to immune mothers and vaccinated beginning >= 12 months old. Passively transferred maternal antibody persists for at least 6 months and results in a blunted response to HA vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Anchorage Neighborhood Hlth Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), CDC, MS G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM bzb8@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 116 EP 122 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000253253.85640.cc PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 133BD UT WOS:000243985700003 PM 17259872 ER PT J AU De Baets, AJ Bulterys, M Abrams, EJ Kankassa, C Pazvakavambwa, IE AF De Baets, Anniek J. Bulterys, Marc Abrams, Elaine J. Kankassa, Chipepo Pazvakavambwa, Isidore E. TI Care and treatment of HIV-infected children in Africa - Issues and challenges at the district hospital level SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE pediatric; HIV/AIDS; management; district hospitals; Africa ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII-PNEUMONIA; CLINICAL CASE-DEFINITION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION; RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; P24 ANTIGEN-ASSAY; 1ST 5 YEARS; HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN; SOUTH-AFRICA AB More than 90% of pediatric HIV infection occurs in sub-Saharan Africa and 75% of these children currently die before their fifth birthday. Most HIV-infected children in Africa rely on district hospitals for HIV treatment, but insufficient attention has been paid to improving HIV/AIDS care at this level. Considerable confusion exists about optimal use of combination antiretroviral treatment, prophylaxis for opportunistic infections and other rational healthcare interventions that can greatly improve the quality of life for these children. A simple and inexpensive infant HIV diagnostic assay and alternative laboratory markers of pediatric HIV disease progression would be highly beneficial. Routine anthropometric and neurodevelopmental assessments could help guide initiation and monitoring of antiretroviral therapy. Even in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, interventions such as immunizations, provision of micronutrients and nutrition counseling, prevention and treatment of opportunistic as well as endemic infections (such as helminths and malaria) can substantially reduce pediatric HIV-related morbidity and mortality. The need for pain relief, palliative care, counseling and emotional support is often underestimated. Surmounting the sense of hopelessness by providing district healthcare workers with training in basic pediatric HIV/AIDS care is an urgent priority. C1 Inst Trop Med Prince Leopold, Dept Publ Hlth, Child Hlth & Nutr Unit, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Victor Segalen, FSP ISPED Zimbabwe, Bordeaux, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Program, New York, NY USA. Univ Teaching Hosp, Dept Pediat, Lusaka, Zambia. Parirenyatwa Hosp, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP De Baets, AJ (reprint author), 12 Shelley Ave,Fairbridge Pk, Mutare, Zimbabwe. EM anisah2@attglobal.net NR 108 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000253040.82669.22 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 133BD UT WOS:000243985700012 PM 17259881 ER PT J AU Wolff, MS Engel, S Berkowitz, G Teitelbaum, S Siskind, J Barr, DB Wetmur, J AF Wolff, Mary S. Engel, Stephanie Berkowitz, Gertrud Teitelbaum, Susan Siskind, Jodi Barr, Dana B. Wetmur, James TI Prenatal pesticide and PCB exposures and birth outcomes SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; AGRICULTURAL POPULATION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; PON1 ACTIVITY; FETAL-GROWTH; WEIGHT; ASSOCIATION; LENGTH; GESTATION; HEALTH AB Evidence is inconsistent or poorly understood for links between polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-bi s(4-chloropheny])ethylene (DDE), and organophosphate (OP) pesticides and adverse pregnancy outcomes, although they are known developmental toxicants. We measured biomarkers of maternal exposure to DDE, PCB, and OP metabolites in the third trimester of pregnancy among 404 mothers in a multiethnic cohort in New York City. We also determined maternal paraoxonase (PON1), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChe), and PON1Q192R gene variant. Higher multivariate-adjusted DDE levels (but not PCB) were associated with lower birth weight (-98 g/log(10) DDE, p = 0.096) and head circumference (-0.54 cm/log(10)) DDE, p = 0.030). DDE and PCB levels were not related to birth length, Ponderal index, or gestational age. Birth length was shorter for mothers with PON192RR slow genotype compared with PON192QQ (p = 0.026), and head circumference was inversely associated with maternal PON1 activity (p = 0.004). With slow-activity PON1 or PON192, urinary diethylphosphates (Sigma DEPs) were associated with lower birth weight and dimethylphosphates (Sigma DMPs) with shorter birth length. No associations were found between birth outcomes and BuChe. In summary, we found suggestive relationships between prenatal environmental biomarkers and birth outcomes in this population. Maternal susceptibility factors including PON1 and maternal weight contributed to the observed effects. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Human Genet, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wolff, MS (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1057, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM mary.wolff@mssm.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09584] NR 33 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 8 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 61 IS 2 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31802d77f0 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 129FT UT WOS:000243714700021 PM 17237730 ER PT J AU Davis, MM Marin, M Cowan, AE Guris, D Clark, SJ AF Davis, Matthew M. Marin, Mona Cowan, Anne E. Guris, Dalya Clark, Sarah J. TI Physician attitudes regarding breakthrough varicella disease and a potential second dose of varicella vaccine SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE varicella; vaccine; physician; attitudes ID UNITED-STATES; RESPONSE RATES; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; PEDIATRICIANS; IMMUNIZATION; FAILURE; PROGRAM AB OBJECTIVE. We assessed physicians' attitudes about the 1-dose varicella vaccination program and whether physicians think a 2-dose recommendation is needed to reduce the risk of breakthrough disease. METHODS. We conducted a national mail survey of a random sample of 550 pediatricians and 550 family physicians from April to June 2005. Physicians who provide outpatient primary care to children <= 6 years of age were eligible for analysis. RESULTS. Surveys were returned by 727 respondents, for a response rate of 69%; 610 physicians were eligible. Most respondents (94%) recommend routine 1-dose varicella vaccination, and 79% have seen breakthrough disease in the past 5 years (95% of pediatricians and 58% of family physicians). The majority (68%) agreed or strongly agreed that the current burden of breakthrough disease is acceptable. Only 38% (46% of pediatricians and 28% of family physicians) agreed or strongly agreed that a second dose of varicella vaccine is needed to address the burden of breakthrough disease, whereas 40% were neutral. However, if the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices were to recommend a second dose of varicella vaccine, then 65% of pediatricians and 39% of family physicians would likely follow the recommendation. Most respondents (78%) would be more willing to recommend a second dose if a combination measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine was available. CONCLUSIONS. Pediatricians and family physicians support the 1-dose varicella vaccination program. A new Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation for a second dose of varicella vaccine for children was issued after the survey (in June 2006). Two of 3 pediatricians and 2 of 5 family physicians stated that they would adopt a 2-dose recommendation in practice; rates of adoption may be bolstered with current availability of measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine and harmonization of the varicella vaccination schedule with that of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. C1 Univ Michigan, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Div Gen Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Gerald R Ford Sch Publ Policy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, MM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Div Gen Pediat, 300N Ingalls,Room 6C23, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mattdavies@med.umich.edu NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 BP 258 EP 264 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0972 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 132KP UT WOS:000243942000004 PM 17272614 ER PT J AU Hamilton, BE Minino, AM Martin, JA Kochanek, KD Strobino, DM Guyer, B AF Hamilton, Brady E. Minino, Arialdi M. Martin, Joyce A. Kochanek, Kenneth D. Strobino, Donna M. Guyer, Bernard TI Annual Summary of Vital Statistics: 2005 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth; death; teenage fertility; infant mortality; low birth weight; mortality; multiple births; cesarean rate; vital statistics; ICD-10; revised certificates ID ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MULTIPLE BIRTHS; UNITED-STATES; INFANT-MORTALITY; CESAREAN DELIVERY; MATERNAL SMOKING; PRENATAL-CARE; TRENDS; REGISTRATION AB The general fertility rate in 2005 was 66.7 births per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years, the highest level since 1993. The birth rate for teen mothers (aged 15 to 19 years) declined by 2% between 2004 and 2005, falling to 40.4 births per 1000 women, the lowest ever recorded in the 65 years for which there are consistent data. The birth rates for women >= 30 years of age rose in 2005 to levels not seen in almost 40 years. Childbearing by unmarried women also increased to historic record levels for the United States in 2005. The cesarean-delivery rate rose by 4% in 2005 to 30.2% of all births, another record high. The preterm birth rate continued to rise (to 12.7% in 2005), as did the rate for low birth weight births (8.2%). The infant mortality rate was 6.79 infant deaths per 1000 live births in 2004, not statistically different from the rate in 2003. Pronounced differences in infant mortality rates by race and Hispanic origin continue, with non-Hispanic black newborns more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic white and Hispanic infants to die within 1 year of birth. The expectation of life at birth reached a record high in 2004 of 77.8 years for all gender and race groups combined. Death rates in the United States continued to decline, with death rates decreasing for 9 of the 15 leading causes. The crude death rate for children aged 1 to 19 years did not decrease significantly between 2003 and 2004. Of the 10 leading causes of death for 2004 in this age group, only the rates for influenza and pneumonia showed a significant decrease. The death rates increased for intentional self-harm ( suicide), whereas rates for other causes did not change significantly for children. A large proportion of childhood deaths continue to occur as a result of preventable injuries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hamilton, BE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 7416, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM bhamilton@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 187 Z9 197 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 BP 345 EP 360 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-3226 PG 16 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 132KP UT WOS:000243942000015 PM 17272625 ER PT J AU Allred, NJ Wooten, KG Kong, Y AF Allred, Norma J. Wooten, Karen G. Kong, Yuan TI The association of health insurance and continuous primary care in the medical home on vaccination coverage for 19-to 35-month-old children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vaccination; health insurance; continuity of patient care ID LOW-INCOME CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE; VACCINES; PROGRAM; CLINICS; GAPS AB Objective. Our goal was to examine the association of continuous care in the medical home and health insurance on up-to-date vaccination coverage by using data from the National Survey of Children's Health and the National Immunization Survey. Methods. Interviews were conducted with 5400 parents of 19- to 35-month-old children to collect data on demographics and medically-verified vaccinations. Health insurance coverage was categorized as always, intermittently, or uninsured for the previous 12 months. Insurance types were private, public, or uninsured. Having a personal doctor or nurse and receiving preventive health care in either the past 12 or 24 months constituted continuous primary care in the medical home. Children were up-to-date if they received all vaccinations by 19 to 35 months of age (>= 4 doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, >= 3 doses of poliovirus vaccine, >= 1 dose of any measles-containing vaccine, >= 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, and >= 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine). Results. Bivariate analyses revealed children who were always insured had significantly higher vaccination coverage (83%) than those with lapses or uninsured during the past 12 months (75% and 71%, respectively). Those with continuous primary care in the medical home had significantly higher coverage than those who did not (83% vs 75%, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the same pattern of association was observed for insurance status and medical home, but the only statistically significant association was for children of never-married mothers who had significantly lower coverage (74%) compared with children of married mothers (84%). Conclusions. Among children with the same insurance status and continuity of care in the medical home, children of single mothers were less likely to be up-to-date than children of married mothers. Interventions assisting single mothers to obtain preventive care for their children should be a priority. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Immunizat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Allred, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Immunizat, 1600 Clifton RD NE,Mailstop E 52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nallred@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 119 SU S BP S4 EP S11 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2089C PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 186DQ UT WOS:000247759700002 PM 17272584 ER PT J AU Bramlett, MD Radel, LF Blumberg, SJ AF Bramlett, Matthew D. Radel, Laura F. Blumberg, Stephen J. TI The health and well-being of adopted children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adopted children; children's health; special health care needs ID METAANALYSIS; ADOLESCENTS; ADJUSTMENT; FAMILIES AB Objective. We compared the health and well- being of adopted and biological children and examined whether observed differences may be a result of differences between these 2 groups in demographic characteristics and special health care needs. Methods. The 2003 National Survey of Children's Health was funded by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, and was conducted as a module of the State and Local Area Integrated Telephone Survey by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The nationally representative sample consisted of 102 353 children, including 2903 adopted children. We compared estimates for 31 indicators of health and well- being for adopted and biological children and present adjusted estimates that control for differences in demographic characteristics and special health care needs prevalence. Results. Adopted children are more likely than biological children to have special health care needs, current moderate or severe health problems, learning disability, developmental delay or physical impairment, and other mental health difficulties. However, adopted children are more likely than biological children to have had a preventive medical visit or a combination of preventive medical and dental visits during the previous year, to receive needed mental health care, and to receive care in a medical home; they are more likely to have consistent health insurance coverage, to be read to daily, or to live in neighborhoods that are supportive, and they are less likely to live in households in which someone smokes. These differences between adopted and biological children remain statistically significant even after adjustments for differences in demographic characteristics and the prevalence of special health care needs. Conclusion. The results suggest that, although adopted children may have poorer health than biological children, their parents may be doing more to ensure that they have needed health care and supportive environments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Assistant Secretary Planning & Evaluat, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Bramlett, MD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Sts, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 2111, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM mbramlett@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 119 SU S BP S54 EP S60 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2089I PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 186DQ UT WOS:000247759700008 PM 17272586 ER PT J AU Dee, DL Li, RW Lee, LC Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Dee, Deborah L. Li, Ruowei Lee, Li-Ching Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. TI Associations between breastfeeding practices and young children's language and motor skill development SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; initiation; duration; language development; motor skills ID COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; TERM INFANTS; HUMAN-MILK; DURATION; MOTHER; DIET AB Objectives. We examined the associations of breastfeeding initiation and duration with language and motor skill development in a nationally representative sample of US children aged 10 to 71 months. Methods. Using cross-sectional data on 22 399 children from the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health, we examined relationships between breastfeeding practices and children's language and motor skills development. Outcomes were based on each mother's response to questions regarding her level of concern (a lot, a little, not at all) about her child's development of expressive language, receptive language, fine motor skills, and gross motor skills. Breastfeeding data were based on mothers' recall. Methods of variance estimation were applied and multivariate polynomial regression modeling was done to estimate the effects of breastfeeding initiation and duration on children's development after adjustment for confounders. Results. Mean age of the sample was 2.79 years; 67% were non-Hispanic white, 16% were Hispanic, and 9% were non-Hispanic black. Approximately 17% of mothers reported concerns about their child's expressive language development; similar to 10% had receptive language concerns; similar to 6% had concerns about fine motor skills; and 5% reported general motor skills concerns. Multivariate analysis revealed that mothers who initiated breastfeeding were less likely than mothers of never-breastfed children to be concerned a lot about their child's expressive and receptive language development and fine and general motor skills. Mothers of children breastfed 3 to 5.9 months were less likely than mothers of never-breastfed children to be concerned a lot about their child's expressive and receptive language and fine and general motor skills. Conclusions. As with all cross-sectional data, results should be interpreted with caution. Our findings suggest breastfeeding may protect against delays in young children's language and motor skill development. Fewer concerns about language and motor skill development were evident for children breastfed >= 3 months, and concerns generally decreased as breastfeeding continued >= 9 months. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Carolina Populat Ctr, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Dee, DL (reprint author), Carolina Populat Ctr, CB 8120,Univ Square,123 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. EM deborah_dee@unc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [5F31HD41930-04] NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 119 SU S BP S92 EP S98 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2089N PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 186DQ UT WOS:000247759700013 PM 17272591 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Blumberg, SJ Rice, C Visser, SN Boyle, C AF Schieve, Laura A. Blumberg, Stephen J. Rice, Catherine Visser, Susanna N. Boyle, Coleen TI The relationship between autism and parenting stress SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; autistic disorder; parenting; parent-child relations; psychological stress ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; CHILDREN; MOTHERS AB Objective. We assessed associations between parenting a child with autism and stress indicators. Methods. In the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health, parents or other knowledgeable adult respondents for children aged 4 to 17 years reported their recent feelings about their life sacrifices to care for their child, difficulty caring for their child, frustration with their child's actions, and anger toward their child. Responses were compiled in the Aggravation in Parenting Scale. Parents of children reported to have autism (N = 459) were compared with parents of: (1) children with special health care needs including emotional, developmental, or behavioral problems other than autism that necessitated treatment (children with other developmental problems [N = 4545]); (2) children with special health care needs without developmental problems (N = 11 475); and ( 3) children without special health care needs (N = 61 826). Weighted estimates are presented. Results. Parents of children with autism were more likely to score in the high aggravation range (55%) than parents of children with developmental problems other than autism (44%), parents of children with special health care needs without developmental problems (12%), and parents of children without special health care needs (11%). However, within the autism group, the proportion of parents with high aggravation was 66% for those whose child recently needed special services and 28% for those whose child did not. The parents of children with autism and recent special service needs were substantially more likely to have high aggravation than parents of children with recent special service needs in each of the 3 comparison groups. Conversely, parents of children with autism but without recent special service needs were not more likely to have high aggravation than parents of children with other developmental problems. Conclusions. Parenting a child with autism with recent special service needs seems to be associated with unique stresses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Mailstop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lschieve@cdc.gov RI Rice, Catherine/D-6305-2016 NR 15 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 119 SU S BP S114 EP S121 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2089Q PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 186DQ UT WOS:000247759700016 PM 17272578 ER PT J AU Visser, SN Lesesne, CA Perou, R AF Visser, Susanna N. Lesesne, Catherine A. Perou, Ruth TI National estimates and factors associated with medication treatment for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADHD; ADD; National Survey of Children's Health; psychopharmacology; child mental health ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATION; MENTAL-HEALTH; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDER; YOUNG-ADULTS; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; SCHOOL AB Objective. In this study we identified child and family- level characteristics that were associated with medication treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using nationally representative survey data. Methods. National Survey of Children's Health data from 79 264 youth 4 to 17 years of age were used. Data were weighted to adjust for the complex survey design of the National Survey of Children's Health. Gender-specific logistic regression models were generated to identify child and family- level characteristics that were collectively associated with current medication status among youth with a reported diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Results. Nationally, 7.8% of youth aged 4 to 17 years had a reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis, and 4.3% had both a disorder diagnosis and were currently taking medication for the disorder. Current medication treatment among youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was associated with white race, younger age, English spoken in the home, health care coverage, a health care contact within the last year, and reported psychological difficulties. Gender-specific logistic regression models revealed that, together, younger age, higher income, health care coverage, having psychological difficulties, and a health care contact in the past year were associated with medication use among boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Among girls with the disorder, younger age, psychological difficulties, fair-to-poor paternal mental health status, and a health care contact within the last year were collectively associated with current medication use. Conclusions. Regardless of gender, younger age, the presence of psychological difficulties, and a recent health care contact were significantly associated with medication treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, additional health care access and income variables among boys and paternal mental health status among girls represented gender-specific factors that were also associated with medication treatment for the disorder. Future studies should characterize how and when the burden associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder leads to treatment, support, or services for this prevalent and impairing neurobehavioral disorder. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defect & Dev Disabililties, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Visser, SN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defect & Dev Disabililties, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM svisser@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 119 SU S BP S99 EP S106 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2089O PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 186DQ UT WOS:000247759700014 PM 17272592 ER PT J AU Budnitz, DS Layde, PM AF Budnitz, Daniel S. Layde, Peter M. TI Outpatient drug safety: new steps in an old direction SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Editorial Material DE outpatients; drug therapy; safety; quality of healthcare; ambulatory care; accident prevention; adverse effects ID MEDICATION SAFETY; SHARPS INJURIES; EVENTS; CARE; PREVENTION; STRATEGIES; SYSTEMS; METAANALYSIS; EMERGENCY AB Iatrogenic injury from adverse drug events (ADEs) is a common and often preventable problem in modem medical practice. Attention to this problem has focused on the inpatient hospital setting and healthcare professionals. However, most medication is prescribed and used outside of hospitals and is managed by patients or lay caregivers in homes or workplaces. To address the public health problem of outpatient drug safety, interventions to prevent adverse events must recognize the central role of the patient in medication management and environmental factors specific to the outpatient setting. Lessons and techniques from the field of injury prevention should guide the development and implementation of safety interventions. First, Haddon's phase-factor matrix can be used to help conceptualize outpatient drug safety interventions. Second, interventions to improve outpatient drug safety should be patient-centered and extend beyond patient education to include engineering innovations and enforcement strategies. Third, the sustainability of active versus passive interventions should be considered when choosing safety interventions. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Injury Res Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Hlth Policy Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. RP Budnitz, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbudnitz@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1053-8569 EI 1099-1557 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 160 EP 165 DI 10.1002/pds.1242 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 139MC UT WOS:000244434900005 PM 16634121 ER PT J AU Moonesinghe, R Khoury, MJ Janssens, ACJW AF Moonesinghe, Ramal Khoury, Muin J. Janssens, A. Cecile J. W. TI Most published research findings are false- but a little replication goes a long way SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC ASSOCIATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genomics, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Moonesinghe, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genomics, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM RMoonesinghe@CDC.gov OI Janssens, A Cecile/0000-0002-6153-4976 NR 8 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 218 EP 221 AR e28 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040028 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 143HS UT WOS:000244711800005 PM 17326704 ER PT J AU Sun, A Tawfik, O Gayed, B Thrasher, JB Hoestje, S Li, CY Li, B AF Sun, Aijing Tawfik, Ossama Gayed, Bishoy Thrasher, J. Brantley Hoestje, Sara Li, Chaoyang Li, Benyi TI Aberrant expression of SWI/SNF catalytic subunits BRGI/BRM is associated with tumor development and increased invasiveness in prostate cancers SO PROSTATE LA English DT Article DE BRM; BRG-1; prostate cancer; immunohistochemistry; tumor invasion ID CHROMATIN REMODELING COMPLEXES; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR; CELL-LINES; LUNG-CANCER; BRG1; GENE; BRM; TRANSCRIPTION; CARCINOMA; COMPONENT AB BACKGROUND. Brahma gene (BRM) and Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) are major components with ATPase enzymatic activities in the nucleosome remodeling SWI/SNF complex, and their expression pattern in human prostate cancers is unknown. METHOD. We analyzed a published cDNA microarray data set of prostate cancers for the expression of SWI/SNF genes, and then we evaluated the expression levels of BRG1 and BRM proteins with a semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) approach in a pairwise manner of malignant versus benign tissues from individual prostate cancers. The correlation of BRG1 BRM expression with clinical parameters was analyzed. RESULTS. Microarray data showed an aberrant expression of BRG1 and BRM but not SNF5/ INI1 genes in different stages of the disease course. In immunochemistry studies, BRG1 expression was significantly higher in malignant tissues compared to their benign compartments, and this difference was more profound in high-grade cancers. Although BRM expression showed a heterogeneous pattern, the average level of BRM expression was lower in malignant tissues than that in benign tissues. More interestingly, BRG1 and BRM expression showed a reciprocal pattern in both benign and malignant tissues of individual cases. In malignant tissues, higher BRG1 but not BRM expression levels were associated with larger volume of tumor mass. Increased expression of BRG1 but not BRM protein was observed in invasive cancer cells. Consistently, overexpression of exogenous wild-type BRG1 and BRM but not mutant BRG1 enhanced cancer cell invasion in an in vitro cell invasion assay. CONCLUSIONS. We provide the first evidence that aberrant expression of BRG1 and BRM genes is associated with disease development and progression in prostate cancers and increased BRG1 expression may promote tumor growth and invasion. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Shaoxing Univ, Dept Pathol, Shaoxing Peoples Hosp, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. Shaoxing Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas Mason Canc Res Inst, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Li, B (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. EM bli@kumc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20RR015563] NR 45 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-4137 J9 PROSTATE JI Prostate PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1002/pros.20521 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology GA 129YG UT WOS:000243765400010 PM 17075831 ER PT J AU Miller, G Myers, GL Eckfeldt, JH Greenberg, N AF Miller, G. Myers, G. L. Eckfeldt, J. H. Greenberg, N. TI Calculating eGFR using the MDRD equation SO QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID COMMUTABILITY; ACCURACY C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ortho Clin Diagnost, Rochester, NY USA. RP Miller, G (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM gmiller@vcu.edu NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1460-2725 J9 QJM-INT J MED JI QJM-An Int. J. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 142 EP 143 DI 10.1093/qjmed/hcl142 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 135AY UT WOS:000244127400011 PM 17215256 ER PT J AU Schubauer-Berigan, MK Daniels, RD Fleming, DA Markey, AM Couch, JR Ahrenholz, SH Burphy, JS Anderson, JL Tseng, CY AF Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K. Daniels, Robert D. Fleming, Donald A. Markey, Andrea M. Couch, James R. Ahrenholz, Steven H. Burphy, Jenneh S. Anderson, Jeri L. Tseng, Chih-Yu TI Risk of chronic myeloid and acute leukemia mortality after exposure to ionizing radiation among workers at four US nuclear weapons facilities and a nuclear naval shipyard SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID X-RAY EXAMINATIONS; CANCER-MORTALITY; LUNG-CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL COHORT; OAK-RIDGE; INDUSTRY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROGRAM; RADON AB A nested case-control study was conducted among workers at five U.S. nuclear facilities to evaluate leukemia mortality risk (excluding chronic lymphocytic) from ionizing radiation using worksite doses and adjusting for potential confounding. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of exposed workers and the excess relative risk (ERR) per unit of radiation among 206 cases and 823 age-matched controls. Adjusting for sex and benzene, the RR of leukemia for workers receiving more than 10 mSv was higher compared to those receiving lower or no dose; however, the risk increase was attenuated in the highest dose group. The ERR per 10 mSv was 1.44% (95% CI: < - 1.03%, 7.59%) but was higher for workers born after 1921 compared to workers born earlier or when excluding leukemias of uncertain type. Excluding the 7% who were high-dose workers (> 100 mSv), the sex- and benzene-adjusted ERR per 10 mSv was 6.82% (95% CI: -2.87%, 24.1%). The results suggest that risks among these nuclear workers are comparable to those observed in high-dose populations, although no evidence was observed of a positive quadratic dose-response term in this study. This large study is among the first to jointly evaluate benzene and ionizing radiation risk. (c) 2007 by Radiation Research Society. C1 NIOSH, DSHEFS, MS R15, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. Westat Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. RP Schubauer-Berigan, MK (reprint author), NIOSH, DSHEFS, MS R15, 5555 Ridge, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. EM MSchubauer-Berigan@cdc.gov RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 167 IS 2 BP 222 EP 232 DI 10.1667/RR0724.1 PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 129ZQ UT WOS:000243769000010 PM 17390730 ER PT J AU Rogers, ME Opdyke, KM Blank, S Schillinger, JA AF Rogers, Meighan E. Opdyke, Kelly M. Blank, Susan Schillinger, Julia A. TI Patient-delivered partner treatment and other partner management strategies for sexually transmitted diseases used by New York City healthcare providers SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NATIONAL-SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; NOTIFICATION; GONORRHEA; STD; PHYSICIANS; RECURRENT; WOMEN AB Objectives: The objectives of this study were to measure frequency and predictors of patient-delivered partner treatment (PDPT) and the frequency of other partner management strategies among New York City healthcare providers (HCPs) as well as to determine whether use of PDPT detracts from other partner management strategies. Study Design: The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey of New York City HCPs. Results: Frequent patient referral was reported by 93.6% (368 of 393) of healthcare providers; only 20% (80 of 401) reported frequent use of provider referral. Overall, 49.2% (196 of 398) of HCPs reported ever using PDPT and 27.1% (108 of 398) reported using PDPT frequently. HCP specialty, practice setting, duration of practice, report of frequent provider referral practice, and HCP race/ethnicity were the strongest predictors of PDPT use. HCPs reporting PDPT use were more likely to report frequent provider referral than those who had never used PDPT (26.7% vs. 12.6%; P < 0.001). Conclusions: PDPT use is common and is being used in conjunction with other partner management strategies. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur STD Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. Cicatelli Assoc Inc, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Std Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rogers, ME (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur STD Control, Room 207,125 Worth St CN 73, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM mrogers@health.nyc.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 88 EP 92 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000225322.94613.c2 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 130CA UT WOS:000243775600007 PM 16810120 ER PT J AU Sirivongrangson, P Bollen, LJM Chaovavanich, A Suksripanich, C Virapat, P Tunthanathip, P Ausavapipit, J Lokpichat, S Siangphoe, L Jirarojwat, N Pobkeeree, V Supawitkul, S Tappero, JW Levine, WC AF Sirivongrangson, Pachara Bollen, Liesbeth J. M. Chaovavanich, Achara Suksripanich, Crapin Virapat, Pongsri Tunthanathip, Preecha Ausavapipit, Jarurnsook Lokpichat, Somchai Siangphoe, Limaporn Jirarojwat, Naiyana Pobkeeree, Vallerlit Supawitkul, Somsak Tappero, Jordan W. Levine, William C. TI Screening HIV-infected women for cervical cancer in Thailand: Findings from a demonstration project SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 11-17, 2004 CL Bangkok, THAILAND ID SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; HPV AB Objectives: Although cervical cancer is an AIDS-defining illness, few HIV-infected women are routinely screened for cervical cancer in Thailand. We screened HIV-infected women for cervical cancer as a component of HIV care and assessed high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer prevalence. Methods: From July 2003 through February 2004, HIV-infected women attending either an infectious disease clinic or a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Bangkok were tested for high-risk HPV types by Hybrid Capture 2 and screened for cervical cancer by Pap test; those with abnormal cervical cytology were referred for diagnosis and treatment. Results: Two hundred ten HIV-infected women at an infectious disease clinic (n = 150) and an STI clinic (n = 60) received cervical cancer screening. The high-risk HPV prevalence was 38.6% and the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology was 20.4%. Abnormal cervical cytology and high-risk HPV detection were associated (P < 0.001). We received pathology reports for 23 (53.5%) of 43 women, including all those with a Pap test showing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; the cervical cancer prevalence was 1.9% (4 of 210; 95% confidence interval, 0.5-4.8%). Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of high-risk HPV and cervical cancer among HIV-infected women in Thailand was high. This emphasizes the need to integrate cervical cancer screening into HIV care. C1 Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi 110001, Thailand. Thai MOPH, STI Div, Bur AIDS TB & STls, Bangkok, Thailand. Bamrasnaradura Inst, MOPH, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bollen, LJM (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, POB 139, Nonthaburi 110001, Thailand. EM Lbollen@tuc.or.th NR 23 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 104 EP 107 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000222716.17186.9f PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 130CA UT WOS:000243775600010 PM 16755274 ER PT J AU Beltrami, JF Williams, S Valentine, J AF Beltrami, John F. Williams, Samantha Valentine, Jo TI STD screening and treatment during jail intake: The national syphilis elimination perspective SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; ARRESTEES C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beltrami, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hzb3@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 120 EP 121 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000256435.68989.7a PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 130CA UT WOS:000243775600013 PM 17251753 ER PT J AU Paz-Bailey, G Ramaswamy, M Hawkes, SJ Geretti, AM AF Paz-Bailey, G. Ramaswamy, M. Hawkes, S. J. Geretti, A. M. TI Herpes simplex virus type 2: epidemiology and management options in developing countries SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID GENITAL-ULCER-DISEASE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; HIV-INFECTION; MOLECULAR METHODS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; HSV-2 INFECTION; HIGH-PREVALENCE AB Genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) is highly prevalent worldwide and an increasingly important cause of genital ulcer disease (GUD). Continued HSV2 transmission is facilitated by the large number of undiagnosed cases, the frequency of atypical disease and the occurrence of asymptomatic shedding. The lack of easy, affordable diagnostic methods and specific antiviral treatment in countries with low and middle income is of great concern, given the ability of GUD to enhance HIV transmission and acquisition. With rising HSV2 prevalence contributing to an increase in the proportion of GUD attributed to genital herpes in high-HIV prevalence settings, a safe and effective HSV vaccine is urgently needed. Meanwhile, multifaceted interventions are required to improve recognition of genital herpes, to prevent its spread and also to prevent its potential to promote HIV transmission in developing countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, NCHSTP, Miami, FL 34024 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. Royal Free Hosp, Dept Virol, London NW3 2QG, England. UCL, Sch Med, London W1N 8AA, England. RP Paz-Bailey, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, NCHSTP, Unit 3321,APO AA, Miami, FL 34024 USA. EM gpbz@cdc.gov NR 77 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 83 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.020966 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 133FA UT WOS:000243996900004 PM 17098770 ER PT J AU MacClellan, LR Giles, W Cole, J Wozniak, M Stern, B Mitchell, BD Kittner, SJ AF MacClellan, Leah R. Giles, Wayne Cole, John Wozniak, Marcella Stern, Barney Mitchell, Braxton D. Kittner, Steven J. TI Clinical and anatomic features of migraine-associated ischemic stroke: The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd International Stroke Conference CY FEB 07-08, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 459 EP 459 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 134ZE UT WOS:000244122600084 ER PT J AU Howard, TD Liu, YM Saylor, G Giles, WH Wozniak, MA Gallagher, M Steinberg, KK Macko, RF Cole, JW Kittner, SJ AF Howard, Timothy D. Liu, Yongmei Saylor, Georgia Giles, Wayne H. Wozniak, Marcella A. Gallagher, Margaret Steinberg, Karen K. Macko, Richard F. Cole, John W. Kittner, Steven J. TI Promoter polymorphisms in the nitric oxide synthase 3 gene are associated with ischemic stroke in a replication population of young African-American women SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd International Stroke Conference CY FEB 07-08, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 528 EP 528 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 134ZE UT WOS:000244122600393 ER PT J AU Mez, JB Cole, JW Yepes, M Howard, TD O'Connell, JR Stine, OC Mitchell, BD Wozniak, MA Stern, BJ Giles, WH Gallagher, M Lawrence, DA Strickland, DK Kittner, SJ AF Mez, Jessie B. Cole, John W. Yepes, Manuel Howard, Timothy D. O'Connell, Jeffrey R. Stine, O. C. Mitchell, Braxton D. Wozniak, Marcella A. Stern, Barney J. Giles, Wayne H. Gallagher, Margaret Lawrence, Daniel A. Strickland, Dudley K. Kittner, Steven J. TI Tissue-type plasminogen activator polymorphisms and stroke risk in a biracial population: The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd International Stroke Conference CY FEB 07-08, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Yepes, Manuel/C-3576-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 529 EP 529 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 134ZE UT WOS:000244122600395 ER PT J AU Shoob, HD Croft, JB Labarthe, DR AF Shoob, Hylan D. Croft, Janet B. Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Impact of baby boomers on hospitalizations for stroke in the United States SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd International Stroke Conference CY FEB 07-08, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 530 EP 530 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 134ZE UT WOS:000244122600400 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS Dillon, CF Hughes, J Illoh, K Ostchega, Y AF Yoon, Sung Sug (Sarah) Dillon, Charles F. Hughes, Jeffery Illoh, Kachi Ostchega, Yechiam TI The effect of statins on inflammatory markers: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002 SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd International Stroke Conference CY FEB 07-08, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD USA. Univ Texas, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 531 EP 531 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 134ZE UT WOS:000244122600406 ER PT J AU Cole, JW O'Connell, JR Yepes, M Stine, OC Mitchell, BD Wozniak, MA Stern, BJ Giles, WH Gallagher, M Lawrence, DA Strickland, DK Kittner, SJ AF Cole, John W. O'Connell, Jeffrey R. Yepes, Manuel Stine, O. C. Mitchell, Braxton D. Wozniak, Marcella A. Stern, Barney J. Giles, Wayne H. Gallagher, Margaret Lawrence, Daniel A. Strickland, Dudley K. Kittner, Steven J. TI Neuroserpin polymorphisms and stroke risk in a biracial population: The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd International Stroke Conference CY FEB 07-08, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RI Yepes, Manuel/C-3576-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 536 EP 536 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 134ZE UT WOS:000244122600428 ER PT J AU Henley, SJ Connell, CJ Richter, P Husten, C Pechacek, T Calle, EE Thun, MJ AF Henley, S. Jane Connell, Cari J. Richter, Patricia Husten, Corinne Pechacek, Terry Calle, Eugenia E. Thun, Michael J. TI Tobacco-related disease mortality among men who switched from cigarettes to spit tobacco SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN-CANCER-SOCIETY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; POSSIBLE RISK-FACTOR; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; UNITED-STATES; SNUFF; SMOKING; COHORT; NITROSAMINES AB Background: Although several epidemiological studies have examined the mortality among users of spit tobacco, none have compared mortality of former cigarette smokers who substitute spit tobacco for cigarette smoking ("switchers'') and smokers who quit using tobacco entirely. Methods: A cohort of 116 395 men were identified as switchers ( n = 4443) or cigarette smokers who quit using tobacco entirely ( n = 111 952) when enrolled in the ongoing US American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II. From 1982 to 31 December 2002, 44 374 of these men died. The mortality hazard ratios ( HR) of tobacco- related diseases, including lung cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression modelling adjusted for age and other demographic variables, as well as variables associated with smoking history, including number of years smoked, number of cigarettes smoked and age at quitting. Results: After 20 years of follow- up, switchers had a higher rate of death from any cause ( HR 1.08, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.01 to 1.15), lung cancer ( HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.73), coronary heart disease ( HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.29) and stroke ( HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.53) than those who quit using tobacco entirely. Conclusion: The risks of dying from major tobacco- related diseases were higher among former cigarette smokers who switched to spit tobacco after they stopped smoking than among those who quit using tobacco entirely. C1 Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillancce Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thun, MJ (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillancce Res, 1599 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM michael.thun@cancer.org RI Henley, Jane/A-4698-2010; OI Henley, S Jane/0000-0002-2420-306X FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU424071-02] NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1136/tc.2006.018069 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 135SF UT WOS:000244172600013 PM 17297069 ER PT J AU Wolf, CJ Fenton, SE Schmid, JE Calafat, AM Kuklenyik, Z Bryant, XA Thibodeaux, J Das, KP White, SS Lau, CS Abbott, BD AF Wolf, Cynthia J. Fenton, Suzanne E. Schmid, Judith E. Calafat, Antonia M. Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna Bryant, Xavier A. Thibodeaux, Julie Das, Kaberi P. White, Sally S. Lau, Christopher S. Abbott, Barbara D. TI Developmental toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid in the CD-1 mouse after cross-foster and restricted gestational exposures SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctanoic acid; developmental toxicity; cross-foster; prenatal sensitivity ID PERFLUORINATED ORGANIC-ACIDS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; HUMAN SERUM; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; FEMALE RATS; SULFONATE; PFOS; TOXICOLOGY; PREGNANCY AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent pollutant and is detectable in human serum (5 ng/ml in the general population of the Unites States). PFOA is used in the production of fluoropolymers which have applications in the manufacture of a variety of industrial and commercial products (e.g., textiles, house wares, electronics). PFOA is developmentally toxic and in mice affects growth, development, and viability of offspring. This study segregates the contributions of gestational and lactational exposures and considers the impact of restricting exposure to specific gestational periods. Pregnant CD-1 mice were dosed on gestation days (GD) 1-17 with 0, 3, or 5 mg PFOA/kg body weight, and pups were fostered at birth to give seven treatment groups: unexposed controls, pups exposed in utero (3U and 5U), lactationally (3L and 5L), or in utero + lactationally (3U + L and 5U + L). In the restricted exposure (RE) study, pregnant mice received 5 mg PFOA/kg from GD7-17, 10-17, 13-17, or 15-17 or 20 mg on GD15-17. In all PFOA-treated groups, dam weight gain, number of implantations, and live litter size were not adversely affected and relative liver weight increased. Treatment with 5 mg/kg on GDI-17 increased the incidence of whole litter loss and pups in surviving litters had reduced birth weights, but effects on pup survival from birth to weaning were only affected in 5U + L litters. In utero exposure (5U), in the absence of lactational exposure, was sufficient to produce postnatal body weight deficits and developmental delay in the pups. In the RE study, birth weight and survival were reduced by 20 mg/kg on GD15-17. Birth weight was also reduced by 5 mg/kg on GD7-17 and 10-17. Although all PFOA-exposed on GD7-17 and 10-17 also showed developmental delay in eye opening and hair growth. In conclusion, the postnatal developmental effects of PFOA are due to gestational exposure. Exposure earlier in gestation produced stronger responses, but further study is needed to determine if this is a function of higher total dose or if there is a developmentally sensitive period. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab Bldg,2525 E, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM abbott.barbara@epa.gov NR 45 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 95 IS 2 BP 462 EP 473 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl159 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 130GL UT WOS:000243787800019 PM 17098816 ER PT J AU Tuboi, SH Guerra, Z Costa, A Vasconcelos, PFD Hatch, D AF Tuboi, Suely Hiromi Guerra, Zouraide Costa, Antunes da Costa Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando Hatch, Douglas TI Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of yellow fever in Brazil: analysis of reported cases 1998-2002 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE yellow fever; arbovirus; flavivirus; population; surveillance; Brazil ID VIRUS; STATE AB Yellow fever (YF), an arboviral infection of major public health importance in Brazil, is associated with high mortality and high epidemic potential. We analysed confirmed YF cases from the National Surveillance System from 1998-2002 and assessed risk factors for death among hospitalised patients. Variables assessed included age, gender, clinical signs and laboratory findings. A logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of death among hospitalised patients. From 1998-2002, among 2117 suspected YF cases reported to Brazil's Ministry of Health, 251 (11.9%) had confirmed YF, of whom 217 (86.5%) were hospitalised and the case fatality rate was 44.2%. Factors associated with higher mortality in univariate analysis included mate gender (relative risk (RR) 1.96, 95% CI 1.17-2.28), age >40 years (RR 2.61, 95% CI 1.25-5.45), jaundice (RR 2.66, 95% CI 2.12-3.35), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 1200 IU/l (RR 1.84, 95% CI 1.23-2.74), alanine aminotransferase >1500 IU/l (RR 2.09, 95% CI 1.38-3.17), total bilirubin >7.0 mg/dl (RR 2.33, 95% CI 1.44-3.78), direct bilirubin >5.0 mg/dl (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.33-3.94) and blood urea nitrogen >100 mg/dl (RR 5.77, 95% CI 1.43-23.22). In multivariate analysis, elevated AST and jaundice remained independently associated with higher mortality. These findings suggest that selected clinical and laboratory indicators may help clinicians recognise potentially fatal cases of YF (C) 2006 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Minist Hlth, Secretaria Vigilancia Saude, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Minist Hlth, Inst Evandro Chagas, Dept Arbovirol, Belem, Para, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vasconcelos, PFD (reprint author), WHO Collaborating Ctr Arbovirus Reference & Res, Inst Evandro Chagas SVS MS, Dept Arbobirol & Hemorrhag Fevers, Ave Almirante Barroso 492, BR-66093020 Belem, Para, Brazil. EM pedrovasconcelos@iec.pa.gov.br NR 28 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.04.001 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 129DI UT WOS:000243708200011 PM 16814821 ER PT J AU Rowe, SY Kelly, JM Olewe, MA Kleinbaum, DG McGowan, JE McFarland, DA Rochat, R Deming, MS AF Rowe, Samantha Y. Kelly, Jane M. Olewe, Monica A. Kleinbaum, David G. McGowan, John E., Jr. McFarland, Deborah A. Rochat, Roger Deming, Michael S. TI Effect of multiple interventions on community health workers' adherence to clinical guidelines in Siaya district, Kenya SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE community health worker; child health; quality improvement; healthcare; treatment; Kenya ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; CHILDHOOD ILLNESS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA; GENERAL-PRACTICE; CHILDREN; FACILITIES; PNEUMONIA; DIARRHEA; VOLUNTEERS AB Evaluation of a community health worker (CHW) programme in Siaya district, Kenya, showed CHWs commonly made errors in managing childhood illness. We assessed the effect of multiple interventions on CHW healthcare practices. A sample of 192 ill-child consultations performed by 114 CHWs in a hospital outpatient department between February and March 2001 were analysed. The mean percentage of assessment, classification and treatment procedures performed correctly for each child was 79.8% (range 13.3-100%). Of the 187 children who required at least one treatment or referral to a health facility, only 38.8% were prescribed all treatments (including referral) recommended by the guidelines. Multivariate analyses found no evidence that the intervention-related factors studied (refresher training, supervision, involvement of community women in the CHW selection process, adequacy of medicine supplies, and use of a guideline flipchart during consultations) were significantly associated with overall or treatment-specific guideline adherence. A multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that several non-intervention-related factors, such as patient characteristics, were significantly associated with overall guideline adherence. Given that our study was cross-sectional and our measurement of exposure to several interventions was based on CHW recall, the estimated effects of the interventions should be interpreted with caution. Despite these limitations, however, our results raise questions about the effectiveness, in the setting of Siaya district, of several interventions commonly used to improve the quality of care given by CHWs. (C) 2006 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CARE Kenya, Kisumu Branch, Kisumu, Kenya. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rowe, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM say9@cdc.gov RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011; Klipstein-Grobusch , Kerstin/F-5555-2016 OI Klipstein-Grobusch , Kerstin/0000-0002-5462-9889 NR 54 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 BP 188 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.02.023 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 129DI UT WOS:000243708200014 PM 17064747 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Yorita, KL Holman, RC Strong, DM AF Kuehnert, Matthew J. Yorita, Krista L. Holman, Robert C. Strong, D. Michael CA AABB Tissue Task Force TI Human tissue oversight in hospitals: an AABB survey SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; DONOR; ENDOPHTHALMITIS; ORGAN; TRANSPLANTATION; KERATOPLASTY; RECIPIENTS AB Background: Reports of human tissue allograft-transmitted infections have underscored the need for better accounting of allografts in health-care facilities. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) implemented new storage and issuance tissue standards for hospital oversight as of July 1, 2005. This study sought to survey hospital tissue responsibilities. Study Design and Methods: The AABB Tissue Task Force conducted a Web-based survey distributed to all 904 hospital institutional members in January 2005. The survey asked about tissue type used, breadth of responsibility, hospital department involvement, and views on AABB involvement. Data from 402 of 904 (45%) respondents were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Among the 402 respondents, 325 (81%) used allogeneic and/or autologous human tissue. The most frequently used tissues were musculoskeletal (n = 240, 74%) and skin (n = 169, 52%) allografts. The department of surgery (e.g., operating room; n = 245, 76%) most often had responsibility for tissue use, followed by the blood bank (i.e., transfusion service; n = 164, 51%); surgery most frequently had responsibility for all tissue types except peripheral blood progenitor cells. Only 32 of 402 (8%) respondents had plans for increased oversight in the next 12 months; 129 of 178 (72%) thought there was a role for AABB in developing guidance on hospital tissue responsibilities. Conclusions: In this survey, most AABB member hospital respondents indicated facility use of allogeneic and/or autologous tissues. Although tissue allograft responsibility by surgery was extensive, hospital blood banks also had significant involvement. Few blood banks, however, plan increased oversight in the near future. Given JCAHO standards, blood banks have an opportunity to assist their hospital in planning for assigned tissue responsibilities and oversight to ensure patient safety. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Puget Sound Blood Ctr, NW Tissue Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkuehnert@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD FEB PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 194 EP 200 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01088.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 128DQ UT WOS:000243638400006 PM 17302763 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Fayer, R Ryan, U Upton, SJ AF Xiao, Lihua Fayer, Ronald Ryan, Una Upton, Steve J. TI Response to the newly proposed species Cryptosporidium pestis SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 6 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 41 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2006.11.008 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 138XJ UT WOS:000244396300001 PM 17150411 ER PT J AU Klevens, J AF Klevens, Joanne TI An overview of intimate partner violence among Latinos SO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LA English DT Editorial Material DE domestic violence; Hispanics; interventions; Latinos; partner violence; prevalence; risk factors; spouse abuse ID PHYSICAL HEALTH CONSEQUENCES; PREGNANT HISPANIC WOMEN; MEXICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; GENDER DIFFERENCES; ABUSE; COUPLES; BLACK AB This article reviews the existing literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) among Latinos to put the findings of this special issue into context. This review of the literature suggests that IPV occurs as frequently among Latinos as among non-Latinos when confounders are controlled for. There is also some preliminary evidence that Latinas experience similar forms of IPV and suffer similar consequences. Many of the risk factors associated with its occurrence are the same as those observed among non-Latinos, except that beliefs approving IPV and alcohol-drinking patterns may not have much explanatory value for the occurrence of IPV among Latinos. Role strain, especially as a result of immigration and acculturation, might be unique to Latinos, and its importance, and the importance of male dominance among Latinas experiencing IPV, deserve more research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Klevens, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 67 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-8012 J9 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM JI Violence Against Women PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1177/1077801206296979 PG 12 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA 131ZM UT WOS:000243911500001 PM 17251500 ER PT J AU Klevens, J Shelley, G Clavel-Arcas, C Barney, DD Tobar, C Duran, ES Barajas-Mazaheri, R Esparza, J AF Klevens, Joanne Shelley, Gene Clavel-Arcas, Carmen Barney, David D. Tobar, Cynthia Duran, Elizabeth S. Barajas-Mazaheri, Ruth Esparza, Janys TI Latinos' perspectives and experiences with intimate partner violence SO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LA English DT Article DE beliefs; domestic violence; Hispanics ID MEXICAN-AMERICANS; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; FAMILY; WOMEN; ABUSE AB This qualitative study, utilizing focus group interviews with community members and in-depth interviews with victims and perpetrators, explored Latinos' beliefs and perceptions of IPV in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, as a basis for developing culturally appropriate intimate partner violence (IPV) services for this population. The findings from these interviews suggest that this community recognizes IPV as a problem and is aware of the multiple dimensions, potential causes, and negative consequences of IPV. In general, participants perceived family and neighbors as preferring to not get involved in situations of IPV. However, family was also expected to, and often did, provide tangible support to victims. Directions for developing prevention programs for this population and future research are suggested. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New Mexico State Univ, Sch Social Work, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Latino Community Dev Agcy, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Klevens, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. FU PHS HHS [US4/CCU6/9026] NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-8012 J9 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM JI Violence Against Women PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 141 EP 158 DI 10.1177/1077801206296980 PG 18 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA 131ZM UT WOS:000243911500003 PM 17251502 ER PT J AU Ingram, EM AF Ingram, Eben M. TI A comparison of help seeking between Latino and non-Latino victims of intimate partner violence SO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LA English DT Article DE domestic violence; Hispanics; help seeking ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; CONFLICT; SCALES; ISSUE; WOMEN AB Analyses based on a random-digit-dial survey of households (N = 12,039) compared Latinos and non-Latinos on sociodemographic factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) and help seeking. Lifetime prevalence of IPV was found to be lower for Latinos than for non-Latinos, but past-year prevalence of IPV was greater for Latinos. Reported IPV victimization was greater among non-Latinos than among Latinos at education levels below college and at family incomes less than $35,000. Informal help seeking was found to be similar for Latinos and non-Latinos; however, non-Latinos reported seeking access to shelters more frequently than Latinos, and Latino immigrants were less likely than non-immigrants to seek help from formal agencies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ingram, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 29 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-8012 J9 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM JI Violence Against Women PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1177/1077801206296981 PG 13 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA 131ZM UT WOS:000243911500004 PM 17251503 ER PT J AU Ocampo, BW Shelley, GA Jaycox, LH AF Ocampo, Beverly Weidmer Shelley, Gene A. Jaycox, Lisa H. TI Latino teens talk about help seeking and help giving in relation to dating violence SO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LA English DT Article DE dating violence; help giving; help seeking; Latino youth ID WOMEN; BEHAVIORS AB The authors examine attitudes about help seeking and help giving related to dating violence among Latino ninth graders, including survey and focus group data. Latino teens are more likely to seek help for a dating violence situation from informal sources of support (e.g., friends) than from formal sources (e.g., health professionals). Students are most likely to turn to other teens for help and do not confide or trust the adults in their social network. Teens are reluctant to intervene in dating violence situations. The quality of help offered by teens related to dating violence is perceived as being limited. C1 RAND Corp, Survey Res Grp, Santa Monica, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RAND Corp, Arlington, VA USA. RP Ocampo, BW (reprint author), RAND Corp, Survey Res Grp, Santa Monica, CA USA. FU PHS HHS [US4/CCU918991] NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-8012 J9 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM JI Violence Against Women PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 172 EP 189 DI 10.1177/1077801206296982 PG 18 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA 131ZM UT WOS:000243911500005 PM 17251504 ER PT J AU Whitaker, DJ Baker, CK Pratt, C Reed, E Suri, S Pavlos, C Nagy, BJ Silverman, J AF Whitaker, Daniel J. Baker, Charlene K. Pratt, Carter Reed, Elizabeth Suri, Sonia Pavlos, Carlene Nagy, Beth Jacklin Silverman, Jay TI A network model for providing culturally competent services for intimate partner violence and sexual violence SO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LA English DT Article DE cultural competence; Latinos; violence against women ID PROJECT ASSIST COALITIONS; HEALTH PROMOTION; IMMIGRANT WOMEN; NORTH-CAROLINA AB The Massachusetts Department of Public Health implemented the Collaborative for Abuse Prevention in Racial and Ethnic Communities (CARE) project in two Latino communities, in the city of Chelsea and in Berkshire County, Massachusetts. One goal of CARE was to build collaborative networks of service providers to provide culturally competent services. Networks of existing community-based agencies that provide a variety of different services regarding violence against women were established in both locales. This article describes the CARE model, network formation, initial attempts to build collaboration and cultural competence, outreach and education activities, and organizational-level changes resulting from the establishment of the networks. The challenges, successes, and lessons learned in implementing this network model are also discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Whitaker, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-8012 J9 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM JI Violence Against Women PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 190 EP 209 DI 10.1177/1077801206296984 PG 20 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA 131ZM UT WOS:000243911500006 PM 17251505 ER PT J AU Jafa, K Patel, P MacKellar, DA Sullivan, PS Delaney, KP Sides, TL Newman, AP Paul, SM Cadoff, EM Martin, EG Keenan, PA Branson, BM AF Jafa, Krishna Patel, Pragna MacKellar, Duncan A. Sullivan, Patrick S. Delaney, Kevin P. Sides, Tracy L. Newman, Alexandra P. Paul, Sindy M. Cadoff, Evan M. Martin, Eugene G. Keenan, Patrick A. Branson, Bernard M. CA OraQuick Study Grp TI Investigation of False Positive Results with an Oral Fluid Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. In March 2004, the OraQuickH rapid HIV antibody test became the first rapid HIV test approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use on oral fluid specimens. Test results are available in 20 minutes, and the oral fluid test is non-invasive. From August 2004-June 2005, we investigated a sudden increase in false-positive results occurring in a performance study of OraQuickH oral-fluid rapid HIV tests in Minnesota. Methodology/Principal Findings. In a field investigation, we reviewed performance study data on oral-fluid and whole-blood OraQuickH rapid HIV test device lots and expiration dates and assessed test performance and interpretation with oral-fluid and whole-blood specimens by operators who reported false-positive results. We used multivariate logistic regression to evaluate client demographic and risk characteristics associated with false-positive results. Next, we conducted an incidence study of false-positive OraQuick rapid HIV tests in nine US cities and tested both oral-fluid and finger-stick whole-blood specimens from clients; reactive tests were confirmed with Western blot. Sixteen (4.1%) false-positive oral-fluid results occurred in the performance study from April 15, 2004 through August 31, 2004 with unexpired devices from six test lots among 388 HIV-uninfected clients (specificity, 95.9%; 95% CI: 93.4-97.6). Three test operators who had reported false-positive results performed and interpreted the test according to package-insert instructions. In multivariate analysis, only older age was significantly associated with false-positive results (adjusted odds ratio = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.2-25.7). In the incidence study, all valid oral-fluid and whole-blood results from 2,268 clients were concordant and no false-positive results occurred (100% specificity). Conclusions/Significance. The field investigation did not identify a cause for the increase in false-positive oral-fluid results, and the incidence study detected no false-positive results. The findings suggest this was an isolated cluster; the test's overall performance was as specified by the manufacturer. C1 [Jafa, Krishna; Patel, Pragna; MacKellar, Duncan A.; Sullivan, Patrick S.; Delaney, Kevin P.; Branson, Bernard M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sides, Tracy L.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Prevent & Control Div, St Paul, MN USA. [Newman, Alexandra P.] Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [Jafa, Krishna; Newman, Alexandra P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. [Paul, Sindy M.] New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Div HIV AIDS Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. [Cadoff, Evan M.; Martin, Eugene G.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Keenan, Patrick A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Jafa, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kjafa@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Funding for the investigation described in the manuscript was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 9 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 31 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 AR e185 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000185 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10DH UT WOS:000207444200009 PM 17268576 ER PT J AU Levine, RS Peterson, AT Yorita, KL Carroll, D Damon, IK Reynolds, MG AF Levine, Rebecca S. Peterson, A. Townsend Yorita, Krista L. Carroll, Darin Damon, Inger K. Reynolds, Mary G. TI Ecological Niche and Geographic Distribution of Human Monkeypox in Africa SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Monkeypox virus, a zoonotic member of the genus Orthopoxviridae, can cause a severe, smallpox-like illness in humans. Monkeypox virus is thought to be endemic to forested areas of western and Central Africa. Considerably more is known about human monkeypox disease occurrence than about natural sylvatic cycles of this virus in non-human animal hosts. We use human monkeypox case data from Africa for 1970-2003 in an ecological niche modeling framework to construct predictive models of the ecological requirements and geographic distribution of monkeypox virus across West and Central Africa. Tests of internal predictive ability using different subsets of input data show the model to be highly robust and suggest that the distinct phylogenetic lineages of monkeypox in West Africa and Central Africa occupy similar ecological niches. High mean annual precipitation and low elevations were shown to be highly correlated with human monkeypox disease occurrence. The synthetic picture of the potential geographic distribution of human monkeypox in Africa resulting from this study should support ongoing epidemiologic and ecological studies, as well as help to guide public health intervention strategies to areas at highest risk for human monkeypox. C1 [Levine, Rebecca S.; Carroll, Darin; Damon, Inger K.; Reynolds, Mary G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Peterson, A. Townsend] Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Peterson, A. Townsend] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Yorita, Krista L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reynolds, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nzr6@cdc.gov OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was funded entirely by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 28 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 31 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 AR e176 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000176 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10DH UT WOS:000207444200001 PM 17268575 ER PT J AU Pierce, CY Barr, JR Woolfitt, AR Moura, H Shaw, EI Thompson, HA Massung, RF Fernandez, FM AF Pierce, Carrie Y. Barr, John R. Woolfitt, Adrian R. Moura, Hercules Shaw, Edward I. Thompson, Herbert A. Massung, Robert F. Fernandez, Facundo M. TI Strain and phase identification of the US category B agent Coxiella burnetii by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multivariate pattern recognition SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE microorganism identification; Coxiella burnetii; matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization; time-of-flight mass spectrometry; partial least squares discriminant analysis ID Q-FEVER ENDOCARDITIS; MALDI-TOF; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; MICROORGANISM IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION; MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; INTACT MICROORGANISMS; WHOLE CELLS; BIOMARKERS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AB Accurate bacterial identification is important in diagnosing disease and in microbial forensics. Coxiella burnetii, a highly infective microorganism causative of the human disease Q fever, is now considered a U.S. category B potential bioterrorism agent. We report here an approach for the confirmatory identification of C burnetii at the strain level which involves the combined use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and supervised pattern recognition via Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA). C burnetii isolates investigated in this study included the following prototype strains from different geographical and/or historical origins and with different antigenic properties: Nine Mile 1, Australian QD, M44, KAV, PAV, Henzerling, and Ohio. After culture and purification following standard protocols, linear MALDI-TOF mass spectra of pure bacterial cultures were acquired in positive ion mode. Mass spectral data were normalized, baseline-corrected, denoised, binarized and modeled by PLS-DA under crossvalidation conditions. Robustness with respect to uncontrolled variations in the sample preparation and MALDI analysis protocol was assessed by repeating the experiment on five different days spanning a period of 6 months. The method was validated by the prediction of unknown C. burnetii samples in an independent test set with 100% sensitivity and specificity for five out of six strain classes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fernandez, FM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM facundo.fernandez@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 NR 57 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 583 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.065 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 129CH UT WOS:000243705500004 PM 17386522 ER PT J AU Hirtz, D Thurman, DJ Gwinn-Hardy, K Mohamed, M Chaudhuri, AR Zalutsky, R AF Hirtz, D. Thurman, D. J. Gwinn-Hardy, K. Mohamed, M. Chaudhuri, A. R. Zalutsky, R. TI How common are the "common" neurologic disorders? SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; MOTOR-NEURON DISEASE; SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; TO-DOOR SURVEY; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; NORTHERN MANHATTAN STROKE; 3 SICILIAN MUNICIPALITIES; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; AGE-SPECIFIC INCIDENCE AB Objective: To estimate the current incidence and prevalence in the United States of 12 neurologic disorders. Methods: We summarize the strongest evidence available, using data from the United States or from other developed countries when US data were insufficient. Results: For some disorders, prevalence is a better descriptor of impact; for others, incidence is preferable. Per 1,000 children, estimated prevalence was 5.8 for autism spectrum disorder and 2.4 for cerebral palsy; for Tourette syndrome, the data were insufficient. In the general population, per 1,000, the 1-year prevalence for migraine was 121, 7.1 for epilepsy, and 0.9 for multiple sclerosis. Among the elderly, the prevalence of Alzheimer disease was 67 and that of Parkinson disease was 9.5. For diseases best described by annual incidence per 100,000, the rate for stroke was 183, 101 for major traumatic brain injury, 4.5 for spinal cord injury, and 1.6 for ALS. Conclusions: Using the best available data, our survey of a limited number of disorders shows that the burden of neurologic illness affects many millions of people in the United States. C1 NINDS, NIH, NSC, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth & Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hirtz, D (reprint author), NINDS, NIH, NSC, Room 2212,6001 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hirtzd@ninds.nih.gov RI Gwinn, Katrina/C-2508-2009 NR 260 TC 553 Z9 573 U1 8 U2 78 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 68 IS 5 BP 326 EP 337 DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000252807.38124.a3 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 133EY UT WOS:000243996700003 PM 17261678 ER PT J AU Leuenberger, S Widdowson, MA Feilchenfeldt, J Egger, R Streuli, RA AF Leuenberger, Samuel Widdowson, Marc-Alain Feilchenfeldt, Jonas Egger, Richard Streuli, Rolf A. TI Norovirus outbreak in a district general hospital - new strain identified SO SWISS MEDICAL WEEKLY LA English DT Article DE norovirus; hospital-outbreak; polymerase chain reaction; strain ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; INFECTIOUS NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NOSOCOMIAL GASTROENTERITIS; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; AGENT; CALICIVIRUS; ENGLAND; EUROPE; PCR AB Introduction: Media reports about Norovirus outbreaks, especially in hospitals and nursing homes, have accumulated in the past years. The reasons for this increasing problem are manifold: resistance against common disinfectants, a high level of contagion (a dose of less than 100 particles may be infective); variability of the virus-genome documented by polymerase chain reaction-studies, as well as further factors concerning modern life-style. The following study describes and analyses a Norovirus outbreak in the SRO-Hospital Langenthal from November 25, 2003, to December 3 1, 2003. Patients and methods: The case definition included sudden vomiting and diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, fever below 38.5 degrees C and recovery after 48 hours. Stool cultures were taken and tested for bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni, salmonella and shigella species) and rotaviruses. Stool and vomit specimens were then tested using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for noroviruses using different primer sets. Epidemiological data were gained such as transmission modus from person-to-person or food-borne. Results: A total of 77 persons were affected by the viral disease. Two incidence-peaks of gastroenteritis were noted. The first peak happened in the geriatric ward and the second in the geographically distinct department of internal medicine. The existence of a new norovirus strain of genogroup II/4 has been confirmed by the CDC Enteric Viruses Branch in Atlanta, GA. The measures to be taken are pointed out. Conclusions: A norovirus gastroenteritis outbreak of such intensity and extent as described had not thus far occurred in the hospital's history. The strains newly found by sequencing are associated with genogroup II/4. This genogroup caused a striking increase of gastroenteritis outbreaks in Europe in the year 2002 including atypical spring and summer peaks. This new variant is supposed to be more virulent and environmentally more stable than previous strains [21]. Preventive measures that are in agreement with the published guidelines were taken before the viral pathogen was identified by RT-PCR. The obvious emerging problem of norovirus infections in our society and the economic data analysing the costs caused by lost bed days and staff absence make epidemiological investigation of outbreaks and application of molecular tests more important. They are the basis for determining transmission routes and characterising the different strains in order to improve preventive strategies. C1 SRO Hosp, Dept Med, CH-4901 Langenthal, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. SRO Hosp, Cent Med Serv, CH-4901 Langenthal, Switzerland. RP Streuli, RA (reprint author), SRO Hosp, Dept Med, CH-4901 Langenthal, Switzerland. EM r.streuli@sro.ch NR 28 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU E M H SWISS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS LTD PI MUTTENZ PA FARNSBURGERSTR 8, CH-4132 MUTTENZ, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-7860 J9 SWISS MED WKLY JI Swiss Med. Wkly. PD JAN 27 PY 2007 VL 137 IS 3-4 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 132LL UT WOS:000243944200004 PM 17299671 ER PT J AU Karch, D Crosby, A Simon, T AF Karch, D Crosby, A. Simon, T. CA CDC TI Toxicology testing and results for suicide victims - 13 states, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1245-1248, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Karch, D (reprint author), CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 24 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 4 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 128GE UT WOS:000243645400010 ER PT J AU Fowlkes, AL Fry, AM Anderson, LJ AF Fowlkes, A. L. Fry, A. M. Anderson, L. J. CA CDC TI Brief report: Respiratory syncytial virus activity United States, 2005-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1277-1279, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID INFECTIONS; CHILDREN C1 CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fowlkes, AL (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 24 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 4 BP 356 EP 357 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 128GE UT WOS:000243645400011 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, K McLaren, RP Enger, KS White, K Kirsch, B Canavan, BC Zimmerman, LA Bartlett, DL Williams, WG AF Fredrickson, K. McLaren, R. P. Enger, K. S. White, K. Kirsch, B. Canavan, B. C. Zimmerman, L. A. Bartlett, D. L. Williams, W. G. CA CDC TI Brief report: Influenza vaccination coverage among children aged 6-23 months - Six immunization information system sentinel sites, United States, 2005-06 influenza season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1329-1330, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Montana Dept Publ Hlth & Human Serv, Helena, MT USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Salem, OR USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fredrickson, K (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 24 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 4 BP 358 EP 358 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 128GE UT WOS:000243645400012 ER PT J AU Armstrong, GL AF Armstrong, Gregory L. TI Injection drug users in the United States, 1979-2002 - An aging population SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID C VIRUS-INFECTION; HEPATITIS-C; NATURAL-HISTORY; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; HIV AB Background: Injection drug use (IDU) is important in the epidemiology of blood-borne pathogens. Herein, trends in IDU from 1979 to 2002 are analyzed. Methods: The National Household Survey on Drug Abuse is an ongoing survey of drug use among the US population 12 years and older. Participants were chosen using a multistage sampling design and interviewed by written questionnaire (1979-1998) or audio computerassisted self-interviewing (1999-2002). Herein, we examine the prevalence of a history of IDU at any time in the past (IDU-ever) or within the past year. Results: In the 2000-2002 surveys, 1.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4%-1.6%) reported IDU-ever (weighted estimate, 3.4 million persons). Prevalence was highest in persons aged 35 to 49 years (3.1%; 95% CI, 2.8%-3.4%), was higher in men (2.0%; 95% CI, 1.8%-2.2%) than women (1.0%; 95% CI, 0.9%-1.1%), and was higher in whites (1.7%; 95% CI, 1.5%-1.8%) than blacks 0.8%; 95% CI, 0.7%-1.1%) or Hispanics (1.1%; 95% CI, 0.8%-1.4%). Prevalence decreased with increasing annual income and educational level. Of all participants, 0.19% (95% CI, 0.16%-0.23%) reported IDU within the past year (weighted estimate, 440 000 persons). Ten years earlier (1990-1992), 1.6% (95% CI, 1.5%-1.8%) reported IDU-ever; prevalence did not differ by race. From 1979 through 2002, the mean age of participants with IDU within the past year increased from 21 to 36 years; the age of participants with IDU-ever increased from 26 to 42 years. From 2000 to 2002, 59.4% of all persons with IDU-ever were aged 35 to 49 years. Conclusions: The mean age of injection drug users has increased substantially. Persons born between the late 1940s and early 1960s have the highest prevalence of IDU-ever. Self-reported IDU rates are now lower among young blacks than young whites. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Armstrong, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop E-03,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GArmstrong@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JAN 22 PY 2007 VL 167 IS 2 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1001/archinte.167.2.166 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 128US UT WOS:000243685100009 PM 17242318 ER PT J AU Gerrard, SR Nichol, ST AF Gerrard, Sonja R. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Synthesis, proteolytic processing and complex formation of N-terminally nested precursor proteins of the Rift Valley fever virus glycoproteins SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rift Valley fever virus; glycoproteins ID M-SEGMENT; EXPRESSION STRATEGY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VECTOR COMPETENCE; RETENTION SIGNAL; GOLGI RETENTION; SAUDI-ARABIA; PHLEBOVIRUS; MOSQUITO; LOCALIZATION AB The genomic M RNA segment of Rift Valley fever virus is transcribed to produce a single mRNA with multiple translation initiation sites. The products of translation are an N-terminal nested series of polyproteins. These polyproteins enter the secretory system of the host cell and are proteolytically processed to yield the mature virion glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, and two non-structural glycoproteins. By means of pulse-chase immune precipitation experiments we identify the Gn and Gc precursor molecules and also show that signal peptidase cleavage is required for mature Gn and Gc production. We also demonstrate that a hydrophobic domain at the N-terminus of Gn acts as a signal peptide only in the context of the polyprotein precursors that initiate at the second, fourth or fifth AUGs. In addition, we document that formation of Gn/Gc heteromeric complexes occur rapidly (< 5 min) and can occur prior to signal peptidase processing of Gn, suggesting that this complex forms in the endoplasmic reticulum. Interestingly, Gc can form a complex with a glycoprotein that has been considered nonstructural, a discovery that has implications for both the topology and potential packaging of this glycoprotein. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gerrard@umich.edu; stnl@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 20 PY 2007 VL 357 IS 2 BP 124 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.08.002 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 117JU UT WOS:000242870200002 PM 16963099 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, GS Booton, GC Kelley, DJ Fuerst, P Sriram, R Finkelstein, A Garner, MM AF Visvesvara, Govinda S. Booton, Gregory C. Kelley, Darryl J. Fuerst, Paul Sriram, Rama Finkelstein, Ariana Garner, Michael M. TI In vitro culture, serologic and molecular analysis of Acanthamoeba isolated from the liver of a keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acanthamoeba; keel-billed toucan; indirect immunofluorescence; PCR; SSU rRNA ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI; KERATITIS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; HUMANS; GENUS AB Members of the genus Acanthamoeba are usually free-living amebae and are found in a variety of ecological niches including soil, fresh and brackish water, dust in air, filters of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning units, swimming pools and hot tubs, etc. Occasionally, they are also known to cause central nervous system infections in humans and other animals. We isolated into culture an amoeba from the liver tissue of a keel-billed toucan and identified it as Acanthamoeba sp. based on culture characteristics and immunofluorescent analysis. Further, we characterized the cultured amoeba and also the amoeba in the liver tissue as Acanthamoeba, genotype T4, by sequencing a diagnostic region of the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. San Antonio Zoo, San Antonio, TX USA. NW ZooPath, Monroe, WA USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM gsv1@cdc.gov FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY009073-13] NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 143 IS 1 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.010 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 131LU UT WOS:000243871300011 PM 16962705 ER PT J AU Santibanez, TA Singleton, JA Shaw, KM Santoli, JM Euler, GL Bridges, CB AF Santibanez, T. A. Singleton, J. A. Shaw, K. M. Santoli, J. M. Euler, G. L. Bridges, C. B. CA CDC TI Childhood influenza vaccination coverage - United States, 2004-05 influenza season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1061-1065) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Santibanez, TA (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 17 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 3 BP 255 EP 257 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125VT UT WOS:000243472300008 ER PT J AU Rutledge, SA Gregg, EW Beckles, G Williams, DE AF Rutledge, S. A. Gregg, E. W. Beckles, G. Williams, D. E. CA CDC TI Improvement in lipid and glycated hemoglobin control among black adults with diabetes - Raleigh and Greensboro, North Carolina, 1997-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1248, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; COMPLICATIONS; RISK; CARE C1 CDC, Project DIRECT Evluat Study Grp, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rutledge, SA (reprint author), CDC, Project DIRECT Evluat Study Grp, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 17 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 3 BP 257 EP 258 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125VT UT WOS:000243472300009 ER PT J AU Burnsed, LJ Hicks, LA Smithee, LMK Fields, BS Bradley, KK Pascoe, N Richards, SM Mallonee, S Littrell, L Benson, RF Moore, MR AF Burnsed, Laurence J. Hicks, Lauri A. Smithee, Laura M. K. Fields, Barry S. Bradley, Kristy K. Pascoe, Neil Richards, Shawn M. Mallonee, Sue Littrell, Lisa Benson, Robert F. Moore, Matthew R. CA Legionellosis Outbreak Invest Team TI A large, travel-associated outbreak of legionellosis among hotel guests: Utility of the urine antigen assay in confirming Pontiac fever SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; WHIRLPOOL SPA; SOURCE EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; PNEUMOPHILA; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIC; PLANT; PNEUMONIA; CONDENSER AB Background. During March 2004, a large outbreak of legionnaires disease and Pontiac fever occurred among hotel guests in Oklahoma. An investigation was conducted to identify the source and evaluate the utility of the Legionella urine antigen assay and serologic testing for the identification of Pontiac fever. Methods. A retrospective cohort investigation of hotel guests and employees and an environmental evaluation were performed. Participants were interviewed, and clinical specimens were collected from consenting individuals. Results. Six cases of legionnaires disease and 101 cases of Pontiac fever were identified. Exposure to the indoor pool and hot tub area was associated with legionellosis ( relative risk, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.8 - 6.9). Specimens from the pool and hot tub tested positive for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 by polymerase chain reaction. For Pontiac fever, the sensitivity and positive predictive value were 35.7% and 100%, respectively, for the urine antigen assay, and 46.4% and 90%, respectively, for serologic testing. The specificity and negative predictive value were 100% and 47.8%, respectively, for the urine antigen assay, and 89.3% and 45.5%, respectively, for serologic testing. Conclusions. Urine antigen testing, with or without serologic testing, can be used to confirm outbreak- associated cases of Pontiac fever caused by L. pneumophila serogroup 1. C1 Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis Div, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Oklahoma City Cty Hlth Dept, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Of Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Burnsed, LJ (reprint author), Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis Div, 1000 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. EM laurence@health.ok.gov NR 34 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 222 EP 228 DI 10.1086/510387 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 118QB UT WOS:000242955700010 PM 17173221 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Rotblatt, H Brooks, JT Montoya, J Aynalem, G Smith, L Kenney, K Laubacher, L Bustamante, T Kim-Farley, R Fielding, J Bernard, B Daar, E Kerndt, PR AF Taylor, Melanie M. Rotblatt, Harlan Brooks, John T. Montoya, Jorge Aynalem, Getahun Smith, Lisa Kenney, Kerry Laubacher, Lori Bustamante, Tony Kim-Farley, Robert Fielding, Jonathan Bernard, Bruce Daar, Eric Kerndt, Peter R. TI Epidemiologic investigation of a cluster of workplace HIV infections in the adult film industry: Los Angeles, California, 2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background. Adult film production is a legal, multibillion dollar industry in California. In response to reports of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) transmission by an adult film worker, we sought to determine the extent of HIV infection among exposed workers and to identify means of improving worker safety. Methods. The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services initiated an outbreak investigation that included interviews of infected workers to elicit information about recent sex partners, review of the testing agency's medical records and laboratory results, molecular analysis of HIV isolates from the 4 infected workers, and a risk assessment of HIV transmission in the adult film industry. Results. Many adult film workers participate in a monthly program of screening for HIV infection by means of polymerase chain reaction - based technology to detect HIV DNA in blood. A male performer tested negative for HIV on 12 February 2004 and 17 March 2004, then tested positive for HIV on 9 April 2004. During the period between the negative test results, he experienced a flulike illness after performing unprotected vaginal and anal intercourse for an adult film produced outside the United States by a US company. After returning to California, he performed unprotected sex acts for adult films with 13 female partners who had all tested negative for HIV in the preceding 30 days; 3 subsequently tested positive for HIV ( a 23% attack rate). Contact tracing identified no reasonable sources of infection other than the male index patient. Conclusion. Although current testing methods may shorten the window period to diagnosis of new HIV infection, they fail to prevent occupational acquisition of HIV in this setting. A California Occupational Safety and Health Administration - approved written health and safety program that emphasizes primary prevention is needed for this industry. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeles Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Calif State STD Control Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div HIV Med, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. CDC, NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Infect Dis Serv, 150 N 18th Ave,Ste 140, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. EM taylorm@azdhs.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43638] NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 301 EP 305 DI 10.1086/510487 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 118QB UT WOS:000242955700024 PM 17173235 ER PT J AU Carothers, JJ Bruce, MG Hennessy, TW Bensler, M Morris, JM Reasonover, AL Hurlburt, DA Parkinson, AJ Coleman, JM McMahon, BJ AF Carothers, John J. Bruce, Michael G. Hennessy, Thomas W. Bensler, Michael Morris, Julie M. Reasonover, Alisa L. Hurlburt, Debby A. Parkinson, Alan J. Coleman, John M. McMahon, Brian J. TI The relationship between previous fluoroquinolone use and levofloxacin resistance in Helicobacter pylori infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE THERAPY; UNITED-STATES; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; QUADRUPLE THERAPY; RISK-FACTORS; ERADICATION; FAILURE; METAANALYSIS; FEATURES; STRAINS AB The relationship between prior fluoroquinolone use and levofloxacin resistance in Helicobacter pylori infection is unknown. Among 125 enrolled patients, 8.8% had H. pylori isolates that were resistant to levofloxacin. Levofloxacin resistance was associated with any prior fluoroquinolone use over the previous 10 years and with the total number of fluoroquinolone courses prescribed (P < .001). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bruce, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM zwa8@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP E5 EP E8 DI 10.1086/510074 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 118QB UT WOS:000242955700029 PM 17173210 ER PT J AU Kuempel, ED Tran, L Castranova, V Bailer, AJ AF Kuempel, Eileen D. Tran, Lang Castranova, Vincent Bailer, A. John TI Untitled - Response SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID LUNG-CANCER RISK; PARTICLES; RELEVANCE C1 Inst Occupat Med, Edinburgh EH8 9SV, Midlothian, Scotland. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Kuempel, ED (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 197 EP 198 DI 10.1080/08958370601056650 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 117DG UT WOS:000242852300010 ER PT J AU Mullooly, JP Bridges, CB Thompson, WW Chen, J Weintraub, E Jackson, LA Black, S Shay, DK AF Mullooly, John P. Bridges, Carolyn B. Thompson, William W. Chen, Jufu Weintraub, Eric Jackson, Lisa A. Black, Steve Shay, David K. CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Adult Work TI Influenza- and RSV-associated hospitalizations among adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza viruses; respiratory syncytial viruses; hospitalizations ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA; EXCESS MORTALITY; RISK-FACTOR; PRECEDING INFECTION; BRAIN INFARCTION; WORKING ADULTS; PNEUMONIA AB We estimated influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospitalizations by age, high-risk status and outcome, during the 1996/1997-1999/2000 respiratory seasons among adults who did not receive influenza vaccine. Using three health maintenance organization (HMO) databases and local viral surveillance data, we identified weeks when influenza and RSV were circulating and estimated influenza- and RSV-associated hospitalizations. Persons aged >= 65 years with and without high-risk conditions had significantly increased rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations for pneumonia and influenza, and circulatory and respiratory diseases. Persons aged >= 65 years with high-risk conditions also had significantly increased rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations for cardiac conditions (16.9 per 10,000 person periods). Relative to the influenza estimates for high-risk persons >= 65 years, we found lower rates of RSV-associated hospitalizations for pneumonia and influenza diseases (23.4 per 10,000 person periods), cardiac diseases (4.3 per 10,000 person periods) and circulatory and respiratory diseases (44.0 per 10,000 person periods). Among low-risk persons aged 50-64 years, we did not identify significantly elevated rates of influenza- or RSV-associated hospitalizations. Excess hospitalization estimates among adults aged >= 65 years and high-risk 50-64 year olds during the influenza season suggest that these groups should have priority for influenza vaccine during vaccine shortages. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR 97227 USA. Ctr Hlth Studies, Grp Hlth Cooperat, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Kaiser Permanente, No Calif, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Thompson, WW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM john.mullooly@kpchr.org; cbridges@cdc.go; wct2@cdc.gov; nzc5@cdc.gov; eiw8@cdc.gov; jackson.l@ghc.org; steve.black@kp.org; DKS4@cdc.gov OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 49 TC 113 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 5 BP 846 EP 855 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.09.041 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 133MF UT WOS:000244016300009 PM 17074423 ER PT J AU Plipat, T Naiwatanakul, T Rattanasuporn, N Sangwanloy, O Amornwichet, P Teeraratkul, A Ungchusak, K Mock, P Levine, W McConnell, MS Simonds, RJ Culnane, M AF Plipat, Tanarak Naiwatanakul, Thananda Rattanasuporn, Niramon Sangwanloy, Orapan Amornwichet, Pornsinee Teeraratkul, Achara Ungchusak, Kumnuan Mock, Philip Levine, William McConnell, Michelle S. Simonds, R. J. Culnane, Mary TI Reduction in mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Thailand, 2001-2003: results from population-based surveillance in six provinces SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Thailand; HIV prevention; vertical HIV transmission; antiretroviral therapy; zidovudine; nevirapine; monitoring and evaluation ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SHORT-COURSE ZIDOVUDINE; NATIONAL PROGRAM; PREVENTION; NEVIRAPINE; BANGKOK; TRIAL AB Background: In 2000, Thailand implemented a national program to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT). Objective: To describe the effectiveness of the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission program in Thailand. Design and methods: A register of HIV-exposed children at birth was created with follow-up of infection status. The register included children born to HIV-infected women between I January 2001 and 31 December 2003 at 84 public health hospitals in six provinces of Thailand. The main outcome measure was HIV infection in children. Results: A total of 2200 children born to HIV-infected mothers were registered. Of these mother-infant pairs, 2105 (95.7%) received some antiretroviral prophylaxis, including 1358 (61.7%) who received the complete short-course zidovudine regimen during pregnancy and labor for the mother and after birth for the infant, with or without other antiretrovirals. HIV infection outcome was determined for 1667 (75.8%) children, of whom 158 [9.5%, 95% confidence interval (0), 8.1-11.0%] were infected. Transmission risk was 6.8% (95% Cl 5.2-8.9%) among 761 mother-infant pairs that received the complete zidovudine regimen alone, and 3.9% (95% Cl, 2.2-6.6%) among 361 mother-infant pairs that received the complete zidovudine regimen combined with other anti retrovirals, usually nevirapine. The overall transmission risk from this cohort, including all antiretroviral prophylaxis combinations, is estimated to be 10.2%. Conclusions: The Thai national PMTCT program is effective in reducing mother-to-child transmission risk from the historical risk of 18.9-24.2%. The addition of nevirapine to short-course zidovudine beginning in 2004 may further improve program effectiveness in Thailand. (c) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Bur Epidemiol, Dept Dis Control, Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. US CDC Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McConnell, MS (reprint author), TUC, Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM zmd8@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328010e02d PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 127FQ UT WOS:000243571100003 PM 17197804 ER PT J AU Des Jarlais, DC Arasteh, K Perlis, T Hagan, H Abdul-Quader, A Heckathorn, DD McKnight, C Bramson, H Nemeth, C Torian, LV Friedman, SR AF Des Jarlais, Don C. Arasteh, Kamyar Perlis, Theresa Hagan, Holly Abdul-Quader, Abu Heckathorn, Douglas D. McKnight, Courtney Bramson, Heidi Nemeth, Chris Torian, Lucia V. Friedman, Samuel R. TI Convergence of HIV seroprevalence among injecting and non-injecting drug users in New York City SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; seroprevalence; injecting drug users; non-injecting drug uses; New York City ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; HIDDEN POPULATIONS; RISK; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC AB Objective: To compare HIV prevalence among injecting and non-injecting heroin and cocaine users in New York City. As HIV is efficiently transmitted through the sharing of drug-injecting equipment, HIV infection has historically been higher among injecting drug users. Design: Two separate cross-sectional surveys, both with HIV counseling and testing and drug use and HIV risk behavior questionnaires. Methods: Injecting and non-injecting heroin and cocaine users recruited at detoxification and methadone maintenance treatment from 2001-2004 (n =2121) and recruited through respondent-driven sampling from a research storefront in 2004 (n=448). Results: In both studies, HIV prevalence was nearly identical among current injectors (injected in the last 6 months) and heroin and cocaine users who had never injected: 13% [95% confidence interval (CI),12-15%] among current injectors and 12% (95% Cl, 9-16%) among never-injectors in the drug treatment program study, and 15% (95% Cl, 11-19%) among current injectors and 17% (95% Cl, 12-21%) among never injectors in the respondent driven sampling storefront study. The 95% CIs overlapped in all gender and race/ethnicity subgroup comparisons of HIV prevalence in both studies. Conclusions: The very large HIV epidemic among drug users in New York City appears to be entering a new phase, in which sexual transmission is of increasing importance. Additional prevention programs are needed to address this transition. (c) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10038 USA. Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. RP Des Jarlais, DC (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, 160 Walter St,24th Floor, New York, NY 10038 USA. EM dcdesjarla@aol.com FU NIDA NIH HHS [5R01 DA003574] NR 25 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3280114a15 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 127FQ UT WOS:000243571100014 PM 17197815 ER PT J AU Midgett, J Inkster, S Rauchschwalbe, R Gillice, M Gilchrist, J AF Midgett, J. Inkster, S. Rauchschwalbe, R. Gillice, M. Gilchrist, J. CA CDC TI Gastrointestinal injuries from magnet ingestion in children - United States, 2003-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1296-1300) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID MULTIPLE MAGNETS C1 CDC, Div Human Factors, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Compliance, Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Midgett, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Human Factors, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 2 BP 147 EP 149 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 124GI UT WOS:000243355900009 ER PT J AU Duffus, W Kettinger, L Stephens, T Gibson, J Weis, K Tyrell, M Patterson, D Finney, C Bailey, WP Branson, B Gardner, L Kilmarx, PH AF Duffus, W. Kettinger, L. Stephens, T. Gibson, J. Weis, K. Tyrell, M. Patterson, D. Finney, C. Bailey, W. P. Branson, B. Gardner, L. Kilmarx, P. H. CA CDC TI Missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis of HIV infection - South Carolina, 1997-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1269-1271, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS C1 S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STDS & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Duffus, W (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 2 BP 149 EP 150 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 124GI UT WOS:000243355900010 ER PT J AU Pau, CP Luo, W McDougal, JS AF Pau, Chou-Pong Luo, Wei McDougal, J. Steve TI Chimeric multiple antigenic peptides for simultaneous detection of specific antibodies to HIV-1 groups M, N, O, and HIV-2 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE serodiagnosis; HIV infection; enzyme immunoassay; multiple antigenic peptide ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; SERODIAGNOSIS; LEISHMANIASIS; IMMUNOASSAYS; DIAGNOSIS; DESIGN; ELISA; ASSAY AB Synthetic peptides have frequently replaced the more costly recombinant proteins or viral lysates as the antigens of choice for detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses. However, development of an assay that is sensitive to all the types and groups of HIV, including the divergent strains of HIV-1 group O, group N, and HIV-2, would require many peptides derived from different types and groups of HIV. Combining multiple peptide antigens may reduce the analytical sensitivity of the individual peptide due to the competition for binding to the solid surface when used in an enzyme immunoassay format. In this study, we developed and evaluated two chimeric multiple antigenic peptides (CMAP) for simultaneous detection of specific antibodies to HIV-1 groups M, N, 0, and HIV-2. Both CMAPs correctly identified 304 known HIV positive serum or plasma specimens (260 HIV-1 group M of varying subtypes, 3 group 0, and 41 HIV-2) and one chimpanzee serum specimen (group N) and all 66 known HIV negative specimens. CMAP performance was superior to the corresponding individual linear peptides or a linear peptide mixture. The results indicate that CMAPs are useful for the development of highly sensitive and specific assays for the detection of infections caused by HIV-1, including group M, N, and 0, and HIV-2. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pau, CP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM chp3@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2006.10.015 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 131HE UT WOS:000243858800007 PM 17169369 ER PT J AU Kyrlesi, A Soteriades, ES Warren, CW Kremastinou, J Papastergiou, P Jones, NR Hadjichristodoulou, C AF Kyrlesi, Athina Soteriades, Elpidoforos S. Warren, Charles W. Kremastinou, Jeni Papastergiou, Panagiotis Jones, Nathan R. Hadjichristodoulou, Christos TI Tobacco use among students aged 13-15 years in Greece: the GYTS project SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SMOKING; BEHAVIOR AB Background: Data on the prevalence of tobacco use among teenagers in Greece are limited. We examined the prevalence of smoking among middle-school students in Greece using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). Methods: The Global Youth Tobacco Survey was implemented in Greece during the academic year 2004-2005 by the University of Thessaly and the National School of Public Health. Data were collected using the GYTS self-administered anonymous questionnaire, which was distributed by specifically trained field workers to a nationally representative sample of middle-school students aged 13-15 years ( through randomly selected schools and classes), randomly selected through a two-stage cluster sample design. Data processing and statistical analyses were performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Results: About one third of the students 32.1% (29.4-35.0) reported that they had tried tobacco in the past, while 16.2% (14.3-18.4) reported being current users of tobacco products. In addition, 1 in 4 of ever smokers reported that they began smoking before the age of 10 years old. Almost 1 in 5 never smokers reported being susceptible to initiate smoking in the next year and about 89.8% (88.3-91.1) of the respondents were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in their homes and 94.1% (93.2-94.9) in public places. Finally, a strikingly high number of students 95% (89.5-97.7) reported that they were able to buy their own cigarettes without restrictions. Conclusion: The results of the GYTS show that the prevalence of smoking in middle-school children is alarmingly high in Greece. Smoking among young people constitutes a significant problem that is destined to worsen in the absence of any comprehensive efforts focused on strict anti-smoking legislation, policies and tobacco control interventions targeting children at a young age. C1 Univ Thessaly, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Fac Med, Larisa, Greece. Minist Hlth & Social Solidar, Dept Publ Hlth, Athens, Greece. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Environm & Occupat Med & Epide, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Athens, Greece. RP Hadjichristodoulou, C (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Fac Med, Larisa, Greece. EM Kyrlesi@med.uth.gr; esoteria@cyprusinstitute.org; wcw1@cdc.gov; jkrem@forthnet.gr; papastergiou@med.uth.gr; naj5@cdc.gov; xhatzi@med.uth.gr NR 16 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 3 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-7-3 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 133OF UT WOS:000244021500001 PM 17207291 ER PT J AU Kam, YW Kien, F Roberts, A Cheung, YC Lamirande, EW Vogel, L Chu, SL Tse, J Guarner, J Zaki, SR Subbarao, K Peiris, M Nal, B Altmeyer, R AF Kam, Yin Wing Kien, Francois Roberts, Anjeanette Cheung, Yan Chung Lamirande, Elaine W. Vogel, Leatrice Chu, Shui Ling Tse, Jane Guarner, Jeannette Zaki, Sherif R. Subbarao, Kanta Peiris, Malik Nal, Beatrice Altmeyer, Ralf TI Antibodies against trimeric S glycoprotein protect hamsters against SARS-CoV challenge despite their capacity to mediate Fc gamma RII- dependent entry into B cells in vitro SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE SARS-CoV; protection; ADE ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; SYNDROME-ASSOCIATED CORONAVIRUS; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS CORONAVIRUS; POTENT NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; RECEPTOR-BINDING DOMAIN; SPIKE PROTEIN; DC-SIGN; ENHANCING ANTIBODIES; FUNCTIONAL RECEPTOR AB Vaccine-induced antibodies can prevent or, in the case of feline infectious peritonitis virus, aggravate infections by coronaviruses. We investigated whether a recombinant native full-length S-protein trimer (triSpike) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was able to elicit a neutralizing and protective immune response in animals and analyzed the capacity of anti-S antibodies to mediate antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of virus entry in vitro and enhancement of replication in vivo. SARS-CoV-specific serum and mucosal immunoglobulins were readily detected in immunized animals. Serum IgG blocked binding of the S-protein to the ACE2 receptor and neutralized SARS-CoV infection in vitro. Entry into human B cell lines occurred in a Fc gamma RII-dependent and ACE2-independent fashion indicating that ADE of virus entry is a novel cell entry mechanism of SARS-CoV. Vaccinated animals showed no signs of enhanced lung pathology or hepatitis and viral load was undetectable or greatly reduced in lungs following challenge with SARS-CoV. Altogether our results indicate that a recombinant trimeric S protein was able to elicit an efficacious protective immune response in vivo and warrant concern in the safety evaluation of a human vaccine against SARS-CoV. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 HKU Pasteur Res Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Microbiol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CombinatorX, Singapore 128667, Singapore. RP Kam, YW (reprint author), HKU Pasteur Res Ctr, Dexter HC Man Bldg,8 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM Jasonkamyiuwing@yahoo.com.hk RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; OI Nal, Beatrice/0000-0003-3452-7524; , Yiu Wing/0000-0002-8360-9537 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI95357] NR 65 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 729 EP 740 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.08.011 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 129PR UT WOS:000243741900019 PM 17049691 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Dezateux, C AF Grosse, Scott D. Dezateux, Carol TI Newborn screening for inherited metabolic disease SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID COA DEHYDROGENASE-DEFICIENCY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UCL, MRC, Ctr Epidemiol Child Hlth, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SGrosse@cdc.gov RI Dezateux, Carol/A-3416-2009 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 6 PY 2007 VL 369 IS 9555 BP 5 EP 6 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60005-1 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125AK UT WOS:000243413700005 PM 17208621 ER PT J AU Bowyer, JF Pogge, AR Delongchamp, RR O'Callaghan, JP Patel, KM Vrana, KE Freeman, WM AF Bowyer, J. F. Pogge, A. R. Delongchamp, R. R. O'Callaghan, J. P. Patel, K. M. Vrana, K. E. Freeman, W. M. TI A threshold neurotoxic amphetamine exposure inhibits parietal cortex expression of synaptic plasticity-related genes SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE activity-related cytoskeletal protein; amphetamine; nerve growth-factor inducible proteins; neurotoxicity; gene expression; challenge ID IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENES; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; METHAMPHETAMINE-DEPENDENT SUBJECTS; NMDA RECEPTOR ACTIVATION; CDNA ARRAY DATA; RAT FOREBRAIN; C-FOS; SUBSTITUTED AMPHETAMINES; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; RECOGNITION MEMORY AB Compulsive drug abuse has been conceptualized as a behavioral state where behavioral stimuli override normal decision making. Clinical studies of methamphetamine users have detailed decision making changes and imaging studies have found altered metabolism and activation in the parietal cortex. To examine the molecular effects of amphetamine (AMPH) on the parietal cortex, gene expression responses to amphetamine challenge (7.5 mg/kg) were examined in the parietal cortex of rats pretreated for nine days with either saline, non-neurotoxic amphetamine, or neurotoxic AMPH dosing regimens. The neurotoxic AMPH exposure [three doses of 7.5 mg/kg/day AMPH (6 h between doses), for nine days] produced histological signs of neurotoxicity in the parietal cortex while a non-neurotoxic dosing regimen (2.0 mg/kg/dayx3) did not. Neurotoxic AMPH pretreatment resulted in significantly diminished AMPH challenge-induced mRNA increases of activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein (ARC), nerve growth-factor inducible protein A (NGFI-A), and nerve growth-factor inducible protein B (NGFI-B) in the park etal cortex while neither saline pretreatment nor non-neurotoxic AMPH pretreatment did. This effect was specific to these genes as tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and c-jun expression in response to AMPH challenge was unaltered or enhanced by amphetamine pretreatments. In the striatum, there were no differences between saline, neurotoxic AMPH, and non-neurotoxic AMPH pretreatments on ARC, NGFI-A or NGFI-B expression elicited by the AMPH challenge. These data indicate that the responsiveness of synaptic plasticity-related genes is sensitive to disruption specifically in the parietal cortex by threshold neurotoxic AMPH exposures. (c) 2006 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biometry & Risk Assessment, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Bowyer, JF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, HFT 132, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM john.bowyer@fda.hhs.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; OI Vrana, Kent/0000-0003-4902-7733; Freeman, Willard/0000-0001-7027-999X FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA013770, R01 DA013770-08, R01DA013770] NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 144 IS 1 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.08.076 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 117GD UT WOS:000242860100008 PM 17049170 ER PT J AU Orenstein, EW Fang, ZY Xu, J Liu, CY Shen, KL Qian, Y Jiang, BM Kilgore, PE Glass, RI AF Orenstein, Evan W. Fang, Zhao Yin Xu, Jin Liu, Chunyan Shen, Kunling Qian, Yuan Jiang, Baoming Kilgore, Paul E. Glass, Roger I. TI The epidemiology and burden of rotavirus in China: A review of the literature from 1983 to 2005 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Rotavirus Workshop CY JUL 11-12, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE rotavirus; vaccines; diarrhea ID HONG-KONG; DISEASE BURDEN; ACUTE DIARRHEA; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTION; HOSPITALS; VACCINES AB We reviewed studies of rotavirus in MEDLINE and the Chinese literature to get a preliminary estimate of the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in China and the epidemiology of the disease. Studies were selected if they were conducted for a period I year or more, had more than 100 patients enrolled, and used an accepted diagnostic test. Overall, in 27 reports of children hospitalized for diarrhea in urban areas and 3 in rural areas, 44 and 33%, respectively, had rotavirus identified as the etiologic agent. Rotavirus was less commonly detected in children with milder illness seen in clinics (26% in urban and 28% in rural areas) and those cared for in the community (9%). The four main strains of rotavirus in circulation worldwide were also found in China and while G I was the predominant strain overall, G3 emerged to be the most common strain in 9 of the 12 most recent studies. The disease has a distinct winter seasonal pattern and affects most children in their first 2 years of life. Although further studies are required to fully assess the burden of rotavirus diarrhea before decisions can be made about vaccine use, this review suggests that development and implementation of rotavirus vaccines should be a national priority. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 China CDC, Inst Virus Dis Control & Prevent, Div Enter Viruses, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. CDC, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fudan Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Beijing Childrens Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. Capital Inst Pediat, Beijing, Peoples R China. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Fang, ZY (reprint author), China CDC, Inst Virus Dis Control & Prevent, Div Enter Viruses, 100 Ying Xin Jie,Xuan Wu Qu, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. EM fangzhyn@263.net RI Orenstein, Evan/F-1954-2013; Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013 OI Orenstein, Evan/0000-0003-3756-8575; Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482 NR 49 TC 44 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 406 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.07.054 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 128GY UT WOS:000243647400004 PM 16956700 ER PT J AU Green, MD Nettey, H Rojas, OV Pamanivong, C Khounsaknalath, L Ortiz, MG Newton, PN Fernandez, FA Vongsack, L Manolin, O AF Green, Michael D. Nettey, Henry Rojas, Ofelia Villalva Pamanivong, Chansapha Khounsaknalath, Lamphet Ortiz, Miguel Grande Newton, Paul N. Fernandez, Facundo A. Vongsack, Latsamy Manolin, Ot TI Use of refractometry and colorimetry as field methods to rapidly assess antimalarial drug quality SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE counterfeit drug; drug quality; antimalarial; colorimetric; refractive index ID SOUTHEAST-ASIA; ARTESUNATE; DIMETHYLAMINOCINNAMALDEHYDE; MALARIA AB The proliferation of counterfeit and poor-quality drugs is a major public health problem; especially in developing countries lacking adequate resources to effectively monitor their prevalence. Simple and affordable field methods provide a practical means of rapidly monitoring drug quality in circumstances where more advanced techniques are not available. Therefore, we have evaluated refractometry, colorimetry and a technique combining both processes as simple and accurate field assays to rapidly test the quality of the commonly available antimalarial drugs; artesunate, chloroquine, quinine, and sulfadoxine. Method bias, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy relative to high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of drugs collected in the Lao PDR were assessed for each technique. The HPLC method for each drug was evaluated in terms of assay variability and accuracy. The accuracy of the combined method ranged from 0.96 to 1.00 for artesunate tablets, chloroquine injectables, quinine capsules, and sulfadoxine tablets while the accuracy was 0.78 for enterically coated chloroquine tablets. These techniques provide a generally accurate, yet simple and affordable means to assess drug quality in resource-poor settings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nacl Salud, Ctr Nacl Control Calidad, Lima, Peru. Minist Hlth, Food & Drug Qual Control Ctr, Viangchan, Laos. Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp, Oxford Trop Med Res Collaborat, Viangchan, Laos. Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Green, MD (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM mgreen@cdc.gov RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 FU Wellcome Trust NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD JAN 4 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.06.047 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 126ZS UT WOS:000243554900013 PM 16930916 ER PT J AU Swanson, SJ Snider, C Braden, CR Boxrud, D Wunschmann, A Rudroff, JA Lockett, J Smith, KE AF Swanson, Stephen J. Snider, Cynthia Braden, Christopher R. Boxrud, David Wuenschmann, Arno Rudroff, Jo Ann Lockett, Jana Smith, Kirk E. TI Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium associated with pet rodents SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; COLONIZATION RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; ILLNESS; FEED; MICE; TRANSPORTATION; OUTBREAK; BURDEN AB BACKGROUND: An estimated 1.4 million salmonella infections occur annually in the United States. The majority of these infections are foodborne, but many are acquired by contact with animals. In August 2004, isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, which were indistinguishable from one another by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), were obtained from eight hamsters from a Minnesota pet distributor. We conducted an investigation to determine whether human cases of salmonella could be linked to this rodent-borne strain. METHODS: To identify cases of human infection with S. enterica serotype Typhimurium potentially related to pet rodents, we reviewed salmonella PFGE patterns submitted to the National Molecular Subtyping Network for Foodborne Disease Surveillance. Patients with isolates matching the hamster strain were interviewed about exposure to pet rodents. Implicated rodents were traced to pet stores, distributors, and breeders. RESULTS: We identified matching S. enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates from 28 patients in whom the onset of illness occurred between December 2003 and September 2004. Of 22 patients (or in the case of children, their parents) interviewed, 13 patients (59%) in 10 states reported exposure to pet hamsters, mice, or rats, and 2 (9%) had secondary infections. The median age of the 15 patients with primary or secondary rodent exposure was 16 years, and 6 patients (40%) were hospitalized. Thirteen associated pet stores supplied by seven distributors were identified in 10 states. No single source of the rodents was identified. The outbreak strain of S. enterica serotype Typhimurium was cultured from a patient's pet mouse and from seven hamsters from pet stores. Closely related S. enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates were cultured from rodent cages and reusable transport containers at a pet distributor. Human, rodent, and environmental isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. CONCLUSIONS: Pet rodents probably are an underrecognized source of human salmonella infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, St Paul, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, St Paul, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MO USA. RP Swanson, SJ (reprint author), Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Mail Code G7,701 Pk Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. EM stephen.swanson@co.hennepin.mn.us NR 35 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 10 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 4 PY 2007 VL 356 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa060465 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 122EX UT WOS:000243209600005 PM 17202452 ER PT J AU Dollard, S Pellett, P Hladik, W AF Dollard, Sheila Pellett, Philip Hladik, Wolfgang TI Transmission of human herpesvirus 8 by blood transfusion - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Dollard, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgd5@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 4 PY 2007 VL 356 IS 1 BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 122EX UT WOS:000243209600021 ER PT J AU Isakbaeva, ET Musabaev, E Antil, L Rheingans, R Juraev, R Glass, RI Bresee, JS AF Isakbaeva, E. T. Musabaev, E. Antil, L. Rheingans, R. Juraev, R. Glass, R. I. Bresee, J. S. TI Rotavirus disease in Uzbekistan: Cost-effectiveness of a new vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; vaccine; cost-effectiveness ID CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Uzbekistan from the healthcare system and societal perspectives. Disease burden was estimated using national statistics on hospitalizations and deaths, and international estimates of under-five mortality. Without vaccination, the risk for rotavirus hospitalization by age 5 is 10 per 1000 children. Rotavirus hospitalizations cost US$406,000 annually, of which US$360,000 (89%) is for medical expenses and US$46,000 (11%) is for non-medical and indirect costs. Rotavirus mortality rate at 0.7 per 1000 derived from national data was three-fold lower than the same rate calculated from international estimates of under-five mortality. Rotavirus vaccination could reduce hospitalizations and deaths by 91% and avert US$370,000 in hospitalization costs alone. Vaccination would be cost-effective with vaccine prices in a range of US$2-25 per child. However, the cost-effectiveness is greatly influenced by mortality, vaccine price and vaccine efficacy. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Isakbaeva, ET (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Dept, Oslo, Norway. EM elmira.isakbaeva@fhi.no NR 29 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 4 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.07.029 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 127VR UT WOS:000243614900018 PM 16930784 ER PT J AU Stevens, JA Ryan, G Kresnow, M AF Stevens, J. A. Ryan, G. Kresnow, M. CA CDC TI Fatalities and injuries from falls among older adults United States, 1993-2003 and 2001-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1221-1224, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RISK C1 CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stevens, JA (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 3 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 1 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 123BS UT WOS:000243271900005 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Gregg, EW Cheng, YJ Thompson, T Geiss, LS Duenas, MR Saaddine, JB AF Zhang, X. Gregg, E. W. Cheng, Y. J. Thompson, T Geiss, L. S. Duenas, M. R. Saaddine, J. B. CA CDC TI Correctable visual impairment among persons with diabetes - United States, 1999-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1169-1172, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID BLUE MOUNTAINS EYE; OLDER POPULATION; BLINDNESS C1 CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 3 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 1 BP 34 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 123BS UT WOS:000243271900006 ER PT J AU Bulterys, M Smith, D Chao, A Jaffe, H AF Bulterys, Marc Smith, Dawn Chao, Ann Jaffe, Harold TI Hormonal contraception and incident HIV-1 infection: new insight and continuing challenges SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; AFRICAN WOMEN; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION C1 Amer Embassy, CDC Global AIDS Program Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis,STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis,STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC Botswana BOTUSA, Gaborone, Botswana. Univ Oxford, Dept Publ Hlth, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Bulterys, M (reprint author), Amer Embassy, CDC Global AIDS Program Zambia, Independence Ave,POB 31617, Lusaka, Zambia. EM bulterysm@cdczm.org NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 97 EP 99 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3280117cb5 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 125CK UT WOS:000243418900012 PM 17148973 ER PT J AU Muller, CP Kremer, JR Best, JM Dourado, I Triki, H Reef, S AF Muller, Claude P. Kremer, Jacques R. Best, Jennifer M. Dourado, Ines Triki, Henda Reef, Susan TI Reducing global disease burden of measles and rubella: Report of the WHO Steering Committee on research related to measles and rubella vaccines and vaccination, 2005 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE dried blood spots; oral fluids; congenital rubella syndrome ID COMMERCIAL ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; FILTER-PAPER BLOOD; CONGENITAL-RUBELLA; ORAL FLUID; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; SYNDROME CRS; DIAGNOSIS; VIRUS; SERUM AB The WHO Steering Committee reviewed and evaluated the progress towards global control of measles and rubella and provided guidelines for future research activities concerning both diseases during its meeting in New Delhi, in April 2005. Global measles vaccination coverage increased from 71% in 1999 to 76% in 2004 and indigenous transmission was interrupted or kept at very low levels in many countries. However, Africa and Southeast Asia continue to experience endemic transmission and high mortality rates, despite a global mortality reduction of 39% between 1999 and 2003. On the basis of reports from countries with continued indigenous measles virus transmission, future control strategies as well as advantages and potential drawbacks of global measles eradication were discussed. Similarly the burden of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) as well as the cost-effectiveness of rubella vaccination was assessed using different methods in several countries without vaccination programs. As measles and rubella viruses continue to circulate surveillance and control strategies need further optimization. RT-PCR was considered as an alternative method for laboratory diagnosis of CRS. The value of dried blood spots and oral fluid as alternative samples for measles and rubella IgG and IgM detection and genotype determination was evaluated. However further validation of these methods in different settings is required before their routine use can be recommended. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Lab Natl Sante, Inst Immunol, L-1011 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Lab Natl Sante, WHO Collaborat Ctr Measles, L-1011 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Lab Natl Sante, WHO European Reg Reference Lab Measles & Rubella, L-1011 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Kings Coll London, Dept Infect, London SE1 7EH, England. Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Saude Colet, BR-41170290 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Inst Pasteur, Lab Clin Virol, Tunis 1002, Tunisia. Inst Pasteur, WHO, Reg Reference Lab Measles Eastern Mediterranean R, Tunis 1002, Tunisia. RP Muller, CP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. EM claude.muller@LNS.ETAT.LU RI Dourado, Ines/Q-6535-2016 OI Dourado, Ines/0000-0003-1675-2146 NR 58 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.07.039 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 125VO UT WOS:000243471500001 PM 17262908 ER PT J AU Herrera, GA Iwane, MK Cortese, M Brown, C Gershman, K Shupe, A Averhoff, F Chaves, SS Gargiullo, P Bridges, CB AF Herrera, Guillermo A. Iwane, Marika K. Cortese, Margaret Brown, Cedric Gershman, Ken Shupe, Alyson Averhoff, Francisco Chaves, Sandra S. Gargiullo, Paul Bridges, Carolyn B. TI Influenza vaccine effectiveness among 50-64-year-old persons during a season of poor antigenic match between vaccine and circulating influenza virus strains: Colorado, United States, 2003-2004 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; vaccine effectiveness; influenza vaccine; laboratory-confirmed influenza; influenza-related hospitalizations; influenza vaccine mismatch ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ELDERLY PERSONS; PREVENTING HOSPITALIZATION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; EFFICACY; DISEASE; COMPLICATIONS; OSELTAMIVIR; ADMISSIONS; PNEUMONIA AB During the 2003-2004 influenza season, we conducted a case-control study of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) among Colorado residents aged 50-64 years. Cases (n = 330) were identified from laboratory-confirmed influenza reports to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE). Controls (n = 1055) were recruited by random-digit dial telephone survey. VE was 60% (43-72%) and 48% (21-66%) among those without and with high-risk medical conditions, respectively. VE was 90% (68-97%) and 36% (0-63%) against influenza-related hospitalization for persons without and with high-risk conditions, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Herrera, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gah9@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 154 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.129 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 125VO UT WOS:000243471500020 PM 17064823 ER PT J AU Curry, AE Vogel, I Drews, C Schendel, D Skogstrand, K Flanders, WD Hougaard, D Olsen, J Thorsen, P AF Curry, Allison E. Vogel, Ida Drews, Carolyn Schendel, Diana Skogstrand, Kristin Flanders, W. Dana Hougaard, David Olsen, Jorn Thorsen, Poul TI Mid-pregnancy maternal plasma levels of interleukin 2, 6, and 12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and spontaneous preterm delivery SO ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; inflammation; prediction; premature; preterm birth ID AMNIOTIC-FLUID; UREAPLASMA-UREALYTICUM; SERUM INTERLEUKIN-6; INFECTION; BIRTH; LABOR; PREVENTION; PREDICTION; STABILITY; BLOOD AB Background. Few studies have investigated the relationship between inflammation and spontaneous preterm delivery ( sPTD) in women before preterm labour. The authors examine whether mid-pregnancy plasma cytokine levels are associated with sPTD, and whether associations vary by maternal age, body mass index, prior preterm delivery, or gravidity. Methods. This case-control study was nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort, a cohort of women with 101,042 pregnancies from 1997 to 2002. Included in this study are 61 women delivering at 24 - 29 weeks, 278 delivering at 30 - 33 weeks, 334 delivering at 34 - 36 weeks, and 1,125 delivering at >= 37 weeks. Maternal plasma interleukin ( IL)-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor ( TNF)-alpha, interferon ( IFN)-gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF) at 25 weeks' gestation were measured using multiplex flow cytometry. Results. For IL-2, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF, the proportion of women with levels > 75th or > 90th percentile did not differ by gestational age at delivery. IFN-gamma > 90th percentile was associated with an increased risk of delivering at 30 - 33 weeks ( crude odds ratio ( cOR): 1.56; 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.07 - 2.30), while IFN-gamma > 75th percentile and IL-6 > 75th percentile were associated with an increased risk of delivering at 34 - 36 weeks ( cOR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.73); estimates changed little after adjusting for confounders. There was no effect-measure modification by maternal factors. Conclusion. Elevated mid-pregnancy plasma IL-2, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF did not appear to be associated with an increased risk of sPTD, while elevated IFN-gamma and IL-6 levels were weakly associated with moderate and late sPTD. The value of using mid-pregnancy cytokines in predicting spontaneous preterm delivery appears limited. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Aarhus Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, NANEA, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Aarhus Univ, Dept Clin Genet, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. RP Curry, AE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Grace Crum Rollins Bldg,1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM ahead@sph.emory.edu OI Skogstrand, Kristin/0000-0002-0026-3711 FU PHS HHS [UR3/CCU018305-03] NR 23 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 12 POSTHUSET, NO-0051 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0001-6349 J9 ACTA OBSTET GYN SCAN JI Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. PY 2007 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1103 EP 1110 DI 10.1080/00016340701515423 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 221BF UT WOS:000250201300015 PM 17712652 ER PT J AU Seo, SC Grinshpun, SA Iossifova, Y Schmechel, D Rao, CY Reponen, T AF Seo, Sung-Chul Grinshpun, Sergey A. Iossifova, Yulia Schmechel, Detlef Rao, Carol Y. Reponen, Tiina TI A new field-compatible methodology for the collection and analysis of fungal fragments SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDOOR AIR; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; BIOLOGICAL AGENTS; CULTURABLE FUNGI; (1->3)-BETA-D-GLUCAN; EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTS; INHALATION AB A field-compatible collection system was developed and tested for the collection and analysis of fungal fragments. The new collection system consists of two types of Sharp-Cut cyclone samplers (PM2.5 and PM1.0) and an after-filter. Fungal particles are collected into three size fractions: (1) spores (> 2.5 mu m); (2) a fragment-spore mixture (1.0-2.5 mu m); and (3) submicrometer-sized fragments (< 1.0 mu m). The system was laboratory-tested using polystyrene latex (PSL) particles and particulate matter aerosolized from sporulating Aspergillus versicolor and Stachybotrys chartarum cultures. In addition to the particle count measured with direct-reading instruments, the (1 -> 3)-beta-D-glucan content in each size fraction was determined with the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay. Experiments conducted with PSL particles showed that the50% cut-off values of the two cyclone samplers under the test conditions were 2.25 mu m and 1.05 mu m, respectively. No particle bounce onto the after-filter was observed when the total particle number entering the collection system was kept below 1.6 x 10(8). The ( 1 -> 3)-beta-D- glucan assay of samples aerosolized from both fungal species suggested that surface area is an important factor for determining the (1 -> 3)-beta-D-glucan content in the entire size-range of particles. In conclusion, the new methodology is a promising tool for separating and analyzing fungal fragment samples. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Ctr Hlth Related Aerosol Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Reponen, T (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Ctr Hlth Related Aerosol Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM Tiina.Reponen@uc.edu NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 41 IS 8 BP 794 EP 803 DI 10.1080/02786820701459940 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 197SD UT WOS:000248575900008 ER PT J AU Herbst, JH Kay, LS Passin, WF Lyles, CM Crepaz, N Marin, BV AF Herbst, Jeffrey H. Kay, Linda S. Passin, Warren F. Lyles, Cynthia M. Crepaz, Nicole Marin, Barbara V. CA HIV AIDS Prevention Synthesis PRS Team TI A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral interventions to reduce HIV risk behaviors of Hispanics in the United States and Puerto Rico SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Review DE HIV/AIDS prevention; behavioral interventions; Hispanics; sex behavior; injection drug behavior; meta-analysis ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; SEXUAL RISK; PREVENTION INTERVENTION; LATINO MEN; MINORITY WOMEN; BISEXUAL MEN; PROGRAM; HEALTH AB This systematic review examines the overall efficacy of HIV behavioral interventions designed to reduce HIV risk behaviors or incident sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among Hispanics residing in the United States or Puerto Rico. Data from 20 randomized and nonrandomized trials (N = 6,173 participants) available through January 2006 were included in this review. Interventions successfully reduced the odds of unprotected sex and number of sex partners, increased the odds of condom use, and decreased the odds of acquiring new STD infections. Interventions successful in reducing the odds of any sex risk behavior used non-peer deliverers; included >= N4 intervention sessions; taught condom use or problem solving skills; or addressed barriers to condom use, sexual abstinence, or peer norms. Interventions that included the Hispanic cultural belief of machismo or those developed based on ethnographic interviews were successful in reducing the odds of sex risk behaviors among non-drug users. Interventions targeting injection drug users (IDUs; N = 3,569) significantly reduced the odds of injection drug use and the odds of sharing cotton or cookers, but did not significantly reduce the odds of engaging in risky sex behavior or needle sharing. Further development of culturally appropriate HIV prevention interventions for Hispanic populations, particularly men and persons living with HIV, are warranted. C1 CDC, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Herbst, JH (reprint author), CDC, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jherbst@cdc.gov NR 120 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 25 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9151-1 PG 23 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 127QO UT WOS:000243601600005 PM 16917668 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Drake, AJ Sanchez, TH AF Sullivan, Patrick S. Drake, Amy J. Sanchez, Travis H. TI Prevalence of treatment optimism-related risk behavior and associated factors among men who have sex with men in 11 states, 2000-2001 SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV; treatment optimism; HAART; unprotected anal intercourse ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE; GAY MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; COMBINATION THERAPIES; CASUAL PARTNERS; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; HIV OPTIMISM; ATTITUDES; BELIEFS AB Sustainable behavior change among men who have sex with men (MSM) may be threatened by optimistic beliefs about HIV treatments: treatment optimism has been associated with high risk sexual behaviors. We used data from behavioral surveys of MSM attending gay bars in 11 states from 2000-2001 to describe the prevalence and correlates of being less careful with sex or drugs because of treatment optimism (optimism-related risk behavior). Fifteen percent of 1477 HIV-negative or -untested MSM reported optimism-related risk behavior. Optimism-related risk behavior was reported more often by Black and Hispanic MSM (versus white), more often by MSM with a high school education or less (versus college), and less often by MSM in some states. HIV prevention programs should address treatment optimism and related behavioral risks by providing culturally appropriate information, accessible to MSM with lower educational attainment, about the limitations of current therapies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pss0@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI sanchez, travis/0000-0003-1133-4762; Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9100-z PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 127QO UT WOS:000243601600014 PM 16767506 ER PT J AU Seguy, N Diaz, T Campos, DP Veloso, VG Grinsztejin, B Teixeira, L Pillotto, JH AF Seguy, N. Diaz, T. Campos, D. Pereira Veloso, V. G. Grinsztejin, B. Teixeira, L. Pillotto, J. H. TI Evaluation of the consistency of refills for antiretroviral medications in two hospitals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID ADHERENCE; THERAPY; HIV; AIDS AB We conducted a retrospective cohort study using pharmacy records to assess the frequency of delay in picking up antiretroviral ( ARV) medication refills from the pharmacy and to identify determinants of delay among HIV-infected patients at two Brazilian hospitals. We selected patients who were on ARV therapy before January 2001 at Nova Iguacu Hospital ( NIPRH) ( N = 265) and Evandro Chagas ( N = 424) Clinical Research Institute. We abstracted medical records and pharmacy data using standardised forms and analysed potential associations between delay in refilling medications and patients' demographic characteristics, type of ARV drug regimen and evolution of HIV disease. Sixty-nine patients ( 26%) had delays in medication refills > 1 month at least once in 2001 at NIPRH compared with 140 ( 33%) patients at IPEC ( p = 0.052). No factor was found to be associated with having a delay in medication refill > 1 month at NIPRH. At IPEC, delays in medication refill > 1 month were associated with a median CD4+ T cell count < 200/mm(3) versus > 500/mm(3) ( adjusted odds ratio ( AOR) = 3.8; 95% confidence interval ( CI) = 1.6 - 8.9) and with dual protease inhibitor-based ARV regimens versus other regimens ( AOR = 4.3; 95% CI = 1.9 - 9.4). In conclusion, rates of delay in medication refills were similar to rates of adherence to ARV therapy found in other studies in Brazil, suggesting that delay in medication refills could be used as a surrogate for adherence. Analysing ARV medication refills can complement self-reported information on adherence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Evandro Chagas Clin Res Inst, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Nova Iguacu Publ Hosp, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Diaz, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM txd1@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 BP 617 EP 625 DI 10.1080/09540120600787356 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 180EP UT WOS:000247345400006 PM 17505922 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A Purcell, DW Remien, RH Fisher, HE Spikes, PS AF O'Leary, A. Purcell, D. W. Remien, R. H. Fisher, H. E. Spikes, P. S. TI Characteristics of bisexually active men in the Seropositive Urban Mens' Study (SUMS) SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID HIV-POSITIVE MEN; TRANSMISSION RISK BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES AB Characteristics of bisexually- active men were compared with those of their homosexually- active counterparts in a study of HIV- seropositive men who have sex with men ( MSM). Men who had had sex with women in the prior year were younger and more likely to be African American than those reporting sex only with men. They reported higher levels of internalised homophobia and less participation in the gay community. They tended to be recruited through friend referral rather than public sex environments or AIDS service organisations. However, they did not seek sex partners from different venues than other participants. Implications for HIV transmission risk- reduction interventions for this population are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aoleary@cdc.gov OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH043520]; PHS HHS [U62/CCU2133607, U62/CCU913557, U62/CCU213605] NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PY 2007 VL 19 IS 7 BP 940 EP 946 DI 10.1080/09540120701211454 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 202PD UT WOS:000248914600016 PM 17712700 ER PT J AU Toossi, Z Mayanja-Kizza, H Lawn, SD Hirsch, CS Lupo, LD Butera, ST AF Toossi, Zahra Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet Lawn, Stephen D. Hirsch, Christina S. Lupo, L. Davis Butera, Salvatore T. TI Dynamic variation in the cellular origin of HIV type 1 during treatment of tuberculosis in dually infected subjects SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; IN-VIVO; REPLICATION; MACROPHAGES; PROTEINS; IMPACT AB HIV-1 replication remains elevated in dually infected HIV-1/TB subjects at completion of antituberculosis therapy. A viral immunocapture assay was used to examine the cellular origin of HIV-1 within plasma from HIV-1/TB subjects at time of diagnosis of pulmonary TB, at end of TB treatment, and 6 months after completion of treatment. Asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects without TB (HIV-1/C) served as controls. Both activated immature macrophage (CD36(+)) and CD4 T cell (CD26(+)) compartments contributed to viral load. Changes in the activation status of either cellular compartment paralleled their contribution to viral load. Levels of HIV-1 originating from activated (HLA-DR+) cells and from CD36(+) and CD26(+) mononuclear cells resolved to levels observed in HIV-1/C by the end of treatment. HIV-1 isolated by anti-CD3 immunocapture from HIV-1/TB patients remained significantly higher than from HIV-1/C patients at the end of TB treatment and at 12 months follow-up. Therefore, viral production by lymphocytes extends well beyond the completion of TB treatment. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London, England. RP Toossi, Z (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM zxt2@po.cwru.edu OI Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet/0000-0002-9297-6208 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 51636]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 36219, AI 95383]; Wellcome Trust NR 28 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.0050 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 133EM UT WOS:000243995300013 PM 17263638 ER PT J AU Painter, TM Diaby, KL Matia, DM Lin, LS Sibailly, TS Kouassi, MK Ekpini, ER Roels, TH Wiktor, SZ AF Painter, Thomas M. Diaby, Kassamba L. Matia, Danielle M. Lin, Lillian S. Sibailly, Toussaint S. Kouassi, Moise K. Ekpini, Ehounou R. Roels, Thierry H. Wiktor, Stefan Z. TI Faithfulness to partners: a means to prevent HIV infection, a source of HIV infection risks, or both? A qualitative study of women's experiences in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Africa; faithfulness to partners; HIV prevention; mother-to-child transmission of HIV; serodiscordance ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR CHANGE; DISCORDANT COUPLES; NATIONAL RESPONSE; UGANDA; AFRICA; ABC; INTERVENTIONS; CONCORDANCE; STRATEGIES AB A cross-sectional study was carried out at a programme to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) at a public antenatal clinic in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. The objectives were to obtain information from women concerning their reactions to HIV test results received through the programme, their experiences with faithfulness to partners as a means of primary HIV prevention for themselves and their infants, their relationships with partners, their own and their partners' experiences with HIV testing, and their knowledge of their partners' HIV serostatus. The participants were a purposive sample of 87 women who had received HIV-1-positive test results and 30 women who had received HIV-1-negative test results through the clinic's programme. Eighty-five per cent of the HIV-positive women were surprised by their test result; 52% of those who tested HIV-negative anticipated that result. Nearly two-thirds of those who were surprised to be HIV-positive and a similar proportion of those who expected to be HIV-negative explained their reactions by referring to faithfulness to their partners. Only five of the 117 women interviewed expressed a belief that their partners were faithful to them; and only two, and none of those who received an HIV-positive test result, reported using condoms with partners. No more than one-fourth of either the HIV-positive or the HIV-negative groups of women had been previously tested for HIV; less than one-fourth of the women in each group reported having partners who had been tested for HIV, or knew their partners' serostatus. Relationship characteristics of some HIV-positive women may have increased their vulnerability to HIV infection. Although being faithful to partners can be effective for the primary prevention of HIV infection, the manner in which it was practiced by many of the women in our study may have further increased their risk of infection. Organisations that choose to fund HIV prevention programmes that promote faithfulness to partners, and the programmes that stress faithfulness, must ensure that women are informed about the conditions that can influence the effectiveness of faithfulness as a protective action. However, women need more than information. Prevention programmes, whether concerned primarily with prevention of MTCT or with HIV prevention more broadly, must promote and elicit cooperation from women's sexual partners to support women's efforts to be tested for HIV, to be tested for HIV themselves, to disclose their test results, to reciprocate women's faithfulness and, if HIV serodiscordant or unwilling to be faithful, to use condoms. These steps may increase the likelihood that women will be able to protect themselves and their infants from HIV infection by being faithful to their partners. C1 [Painter, Thomas M.; Matia, Danielle M.; Lin, Lillian S.; Roels, Thierry H.; Wiktor, Stefan Z.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Diaby, Kassamba L.; Sibailly, Toussaint S.; Kouassi, Moise K.; Ekpini, Ehounou R.; Roels, Thierry H.; Wiktor, Stefan Z.] US Embassy CDC HIV, Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan 1712, Cote Ivoire. RP Painter, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tcp2@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU NISC PTY LTD PI GRAHAMSTOWN PA 19 WORCESTER ST, P O BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN, 6140, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1608-5906 J9 AJAR-AFR J AIDS RES JI AJAR-Afr. J. Aids Res. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.2989/16085900709490396 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 340FU UT WOS:000258632300005 PM 25875342 ER PT J AU Cohen, HW Hailpern, SM Alderman, MH Fang, J AF Cohen, Hillel W. Hailpern, Susan M. Alderman, Michael H. Fang, Jing TI Salt intake and cardiovascular mortality - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID URINARY SODIUM; RISK C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cohen, HW (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 120 IS 1 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.08.027 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 123PY UT WOS:000243309000021 ER PT J AU Xu, FJ Markowitz, LE Gottlieb, SL Berman, SM AF Xu, Fujie Markowitz, Lauri E. Gottlieb, Sami L. Berman, Stuart M. TI Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in pregnant women in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We estimated the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and -2 in a national sample of pregnant women in the United States. Overall, 28% of pregnant women were seronegative; 50% were seropositive for HSV-1 but not HSV-2, and 22% were seropositive for HSV-2. Race/ethnicity and the number of lifetime sex partners are the best predictors of HSV serostatus in pregnant women in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Xu, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 196 IS 1 BP 43 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.07.051 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 127GA UT WOS:000243572100014 ER PT J AU Dillon, CF Hirsch, R Rasch, EK Gu, QP AF Dillon, Charles F. Hirsch, Rosemarie Rasch, Elizabeth K. Gu, Qiuping TI Symptomatic hand osteoarthritis in the United States - Prevalence and functional impairment estimates from the Third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1991-1994 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE hand; osteoarthritis; prevalence; survey; activities of daily living ID OSTEO-ARTHROSIS; OLDER PERSONS; GRIP STRENGTH; POPULATION; CLASSIFICATION; DISABILITY; CHINGFORD; ARTHRITIS; PATTERNS; CRITERIA AB Objective: To estimate the United States prevalence of symptomatic hand osteoarthritis using American College of Rheumatology (ACR) physical examination criteria. Design: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a nationally representative cross-sectional health examination survey, performed upper-extremity physical examinations on a sample of United States adults age 60+ yrs. Data for demographics, pain history, analgesic use, and activity limitations were obtained by interview. Results: Among United States adults, 58% had Heberden's nodes, 29.9% had Bouchard's nodes, and 18.2% had first carpal-metacarpal deformities. Women had significantly more first carpal-metacarpal deformities (24.3%) than men (110.3%). Symptomatic osteoarthritis prevalence at these sites was 5.4, 4.7, and 1.9%, respectively. Overall, symptomatic hand osteoarthritis prevalence by ACR criteria was 8% (95% CI 6.5-9.5%), or 2.9 million per-sons. Symptomatic hand osteoarthritis significantly increased with age and was decreased among non-Hispanic blacks, but there were no gender differences. Symptomatic hand osteoarthritis was associated with self-reported difficulty lifting 10 lbs (OR 2.3 1; 95% CI 1.23- 4.33), dressing (OR 3.77; 95% CI 1.99-7.13), and eating (OR 3.44; 95% CI 1.76-6.73). Frequent monthly use was significantly increased for analgesics, especially acetaminophen, but not nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Conclusion: Symptomatic hand osteoarthritis affects 1 in 12 older United States adults. NHANES III data provide a population-based assessment of the impact and associated functional impairments of symptomatic hand osteoarthritis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, DHANES, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Harris Corp, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Dillon, CF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, DHANES, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 4217, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 30 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0894-9115 J9 AM J PHYS MED REHAB JI Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 86 IS 1 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1097/PHM.0b013e31802ba28e PG 10 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 123FR UT WOS:000243282300004 PM 17304684 ER PT J AU Floyd, RL Sobell, M Velasquez, MM Ingersoll, K Nettleman, M Sobell, L Mullen, PD Ceperich, S von Sternberg, K Bolton, B Skarpness, B Nagaraja, J AF Floyd, R. Louise Sobell, Mark Velasquez, Mary M. Ingersoll, Karen Nettleman, Mary Sobell, Linda Mullen, Patricia Dolan Ceperich, Sherry von Sternberg, Kirk Bolton, Burt Skarpness, Bradley Nagaraja, Jyothi CA Project CHOICES Efficacy Study GRp TI Preventing alcohol-exposed pregnancies - A randomized controlled trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BRIEF INTERVENTION; PROBLEM DRINKERS; PRIMARY-CARE; DRINKING; DISORDERS; COST; CONSUMPTION; ADVICE; BRAIN; WOMEN AB Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure is a leading preventable cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States. Design: A randomized controlled trial (2002-2005; data analyzed 2005-2006) of a brief motivational intervention to reduce the risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) in preconceptional women by focusing on both risk drinking and ineffective contraception use. Setting/Participants: A total of 830 nonpregnant women, aged 18-44 years, and currently at risk for an AEP were recruited in six diverse settings in Florida, Texas, and Virginia. Combined settings had higher proportions of women at risk for AEP (12.5% overall) than in the general population (2%). Interventions: Participants were randomized to receive information plus a brief motivational intervention (n=416) or to receive information only (n=414). The brief motivational intervention consisted of four counseling sessions and one contraception consultation and services visit. Main Outcome Measures: Women consuming more than five drinks on any day or more than eight drinks per week on average, were considered risk drinkers; women who had intercourse without effective contraception were considered at risk of pregnancy. Reversing either or both risk conditions resulted in reduced risk of an AEP. Results: Across the follow-up period, the odds ratios (ORs) of being at reduced risk for AEP were twofold greater in the intervention group: 3 months, 2.31 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.69-3.20); 6 months, 2.15 (CI=1.52-3.06); 9 months, 2.11 (CI=1.47-3.03). Between-groups differences by time phase were 18.0%, 17.0%, and 14.8%, respectively. Conclusions: A brief motivational intervention can reduce the risk of an AEP. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevent Team, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Nova SE Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Floyd, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevent Team, Execut Pk Dr,Bldg 12,Mailstop E86, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM rlf3@cdc.gov RI Ingersoll, Karen/A-9313-2009 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA014356-01A2]; NIMH NIH HHS [K01 MH001688-01A1] NR 61 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 5 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.028 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 130DZ UT WOS:000243780900001 PM 17218187 ER PT J AU Shenson, D Bolen, J Adams, M AF Shenson, Douglas Bolen, Julie Adams, Mary TI Receipt of preventive services by elders based on composite measures, 1997-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; CANCER; MAMMOGRAPHY; POPULATION; COVERAGE; ACCESS; CARE AB Background: The receipt of routine vaccinations and cancer screening is typically tracked separately. Monitoring trends in this way does not measure the overall protection conferred by these services on a target population. Design: Telephone surveys were conducted in 1997, 2002, and 2004 as part of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Setting/Participants: Randomly selected adults aged 65 and older from 49 states and Washington DC. Main Outcome Measures: Statistically significant changes (p < 0.05) in a composite measure of the prevalence of U.S. men aged 65 or older who were up to date with recommendations for colorectal cancer screening, influenza vaccination, pneumococcal vaccination; and for the prevalence of U.S. women aged 65 or older who were up to date for these measures as well as for Pap test and screening mammography. Results: The percentage of men who reported being up to date on all tests increased from 24.4% (1997) to 39.6% (2002) to 41.0% (2004), and the percentage of women increased from 18.6% (1997) to 32.4% (2002) to 32.5% (2004). For both groups, results varied by education, race/ethnicity, marital status, insurance status, and state, as well as whether they had a personal doctor. Conclusions: Despite increases between 1997 and 2004 in the reported receipt of individual cancer screenings and vaccinations among U.S. adults aged 65 or older, approximately seven of ten women and six of ten men were not up to date on these routine preventive services in 2004. C1 SPARC, Lakeville, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. On Target Hlth Data LLC, Hartford, CT USA. RP Shenson, D (reprint author), 76 Prince St, Newton, MA 02465 USA. EM dshenson@sparc-health.org NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.032 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 130DZ UT WOS:000243780900002 PM 17218188 ER PT J AU Huhman, ME Potter, LD Duke, JC Judkins, DR Heitzler, CD Wong, FL AF Huhman, Marian E. Potter, Lance D. Duke, Jennifer C. Judkins, David R. Heitzler, Carrie D. Wong, Faye L. TI Evaluation of a national physical activity intervention for children - VERB (TM) campaign, 2002-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; 5TH-GRADE CHILDREN; MEDIA CAMPAIGN; ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; CHILDHOOD; VALIDITY; SMOKING; RECALL AB Background: Amid concern for the consequences of physical inactivity among children, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started a campaign using commercial marketing methods to promote physical activity to children. Design: Longitudinal study using a telephone survey to assess physical activity behaviors and attitudes at baseline and for 2 years of follow-up. Relationships of campaign awareness to behavioral and psychosocial effects were analyzed with use of propensity scoring. Participants: Nationally representative cohort of 2257 parent-child dyads. Intervention: Marketing campaign (VERB) directed to all U.S. children aged 9 to 13 years. Components included general market and ethnic-specific advertisements on television and radio, in print, and through promotions in communities, schools, and on the Internet. Advertising ran nationally at consistent levels from June 2002 through June 2004. Main outcome measures: Psychosocial measures and self-reports of free-time and organized physical activity during nonschool hours in the week before the inter-view and on the day before the interview. Results: After 2 years, a dose-response effect was detected in the study population. The more children who reported seeing VERB messages, the more physical activity they reported and the more positive their attitudes were about the benefits of being physically active. Children aware of VERB reported engaging in significantly more physical activity than children unaware of VERB. These results were considerably stronger than the effects after Year 1, which were only for physical activity among subpopulations. Conclusions: The VERB campaign continued to positively influence children's attitudes about physical activity and their physical activity behaviors and expanded the effects to more children. With adequate and sustained investment, health marketing shows promise to affect the attitudes and behavior of children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Amer Legacy Fdn Duke, Washington, DC USA. RP Huhman, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-94, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mhuhman@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.030 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 130DZ UT WOS:000243780900006 PM 17218189 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Evans, WD Pederson, LL Babb, S London, J McKenna, J AF Nelson, David E. Evans, W. Douglas Pederson, Linda L. Babb, Stephen London, Joel McKenna, Jeffrey TI A national surveillance system for tracking tobacco news stories SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEWSPAPER COVERAGE; UNITED-STATES; MEDIA ADVOCACY; SMOKING; ISSUES AB Background: Two of the major goals of tobacco prevention and control activities are to change social norms and influence policy. The news media can play an important role for achieving both goals. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Office on Smoking and Health created a surveillance system to track tobacco stories in the news media beginning in 2004. The system was developed based on reviewing lessons from previous news media tracking efforts, including defining the purpose of the system, using a parsimonious approach to sample media outlets, and attending to data-quality issues. Tobacco news stories were systematically identified and coded from ten newspapers, four news wire services, and seven national television networks. Results: Findings indicated that from January 2004 through June 2005, tobacco-related stories were in selected major newspapers virtually every day. More than 70% of all newspaper stories contained one of only three main story themes: policy or regulation (31.0%), legal issues (23.8%), or health effects or statistics (18.1%). Television news stories on tobacco were much less common, but increased substantially during the first 6 months of 2005 compared to 2004. Health effects/statistics (50.5%) were the dominant theme for television, with policy/regulation a distant second (19.5%). Conclusions: Tobacco-related media coverage can be systematically tracked and characterized. These findings may have value to public health researchers and policymakers who wish to evaluate efforts to curb tobacco-related disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Res Triangle Int Corp, Washington, DC USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM den2@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.09.001 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 130DZ UT WOS:000243780900012 PM 17184959 ER PT J AU Dannenberg, AL Bauer, DR Bland, AD Hobson, SE Rose, K AF Dannenberg, Andrew L. Bauer, Deborah R. Bland, Angela D. Hobson, Susan E. Rose, Kenneth TI From health destruction to health promotion - Conversion of a worksite smoking shelter SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dannenberg, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acd7@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 86 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.025 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 130DZ UT WOS:000243780900013 PM 17184963 ER PT J AU Boyce, CA Cain, VS AF Boyce, Cheryl A. Cain, Virginia S. TI Disentangling health disparities through national surveys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIMH, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Boyce, CA (reprint author), NIMH, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 BP 10 EP 10 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.103960 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 123QO UT WOS:000243310600003 ER PT J AU Lyles, CM Kay, LS Crepaz, N Herbst, JH Passin, WF Kim, AS Rama, SM Thadiparthi, S DeLuca, JB Mullins, MM AF Lyles, Cynthia M. Kay, Linda S. Crepaz, Nicole Herbst, Jeffrey H. Passin, Warren F. Kim, Angela S. Rama, Sima M. Thadiparthi, Sekhar DeLuca, Julia B. Mullins, Mary M. CA HIV AIDS Prevention Res Synth Team TI Best-evidence interventions: Findings from a systematic review of HIV behavioral interventions for US populations at high risk, 2000-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; GENDER-SPECIFIC INTERVENTION; BASE-LINE DATA; REDUCTION INTERVENTION; CLINICAL-TRIAL; SAN-FRANCISCO AB Objectives. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Team conducted a systematic review of US-based HIV behavioral intervention research literature from 2000 through 2004 to identify interventions demonstrating best evidence of efficacy for reducing HIV risk. Methods. Standard systematic review methods were used. Each eligible study was reviewed on the basis of Prevention Research Synthesis Team efficacy criteria that focused on 3 domains: study design, implementation and analysis, and strength of evidence. Results. Eighteen interventions met the criteria for best evidence. Four targeted HIV-positive individuals. Of those targeting populations at risk for HIV, 4 targeted drug users, 6 targeted adults at risk because of heterosexual behaviors only, 2 targeted men who have sex with men, and 2 targeted youths at high risk. Eight interventions focused on women, and 13 had study samples with more than 50% minority participants. Significant intervention effects included increased condom use and reductions in unprotected sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, injection drug use or needle sharing, and newly acquired sexually transmitted infections. Conclusions. Most of the best-evidence interventions are directly applicable for populations in greatest need of effective prevention programs; however, important gaps still exist. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lyles, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM clyles@cdc.gov NR 111 TC 243 Z9 245 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.076182 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 123QO UT WOS:000243310600023 PM 17138920 ER PT J AU Espinoza, L Hall, HI Hardnett, F Selik, RM Ling, Q Lee, LM AF Espinoza, Lorena Hall, H. Irene Hardnett, Felicia Selik, Richard M. Ling, Qiang Lee, Lisa M. TI Characteristics of persons with heterosexually acquired HIV infection, United States 1999-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; DIAGNOSIS; RISK; AIDS; WOMEN; CARE; POPULATIONS; ADOLESCENTS; SURVIVAL AB Objectives. In the United States a growing proportion of cases of heterosexually acquired HIV infections occur in women and in persons of color. We analyzed the association between race/ethnicity, whether diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS were made concurrently, and the survival after diagnosis of heterosexually acquired AIDS. Methods. We used data from 29 states that report confidential name-based HIV/AIDS cases to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to calculate estimated annual percentage change in the number of actual diagnoses and analyzed the association between race/ethnicity and concurrent diagnoses of HIV and AIDS. We adjusted for reporting delays and absence of information about HIV risk factors. Results. During 1999 to 2004, diagnoses of heterosexually acquired HIV were made for 52569 persons in 29 states; 33554 (64%) were women. Among men and women, 38470 (73%) were non-Hispanic Black; 7761 (15%), non-Hispanic White; and 5383 (10%), Hispanic. The number of persons with heterosexually acquired HIV significantly increased: 6.1% among Hispanic men (95% confidence interval=2.7, 9.7) and 4.5% among Hispanic women (95% confidence interval= 1.8, 7.3). The number significantly decreased (-2.9%) among non-Hispanic Black men. Concurrent HIV and AIDS diagnoses were slightly more common for non-Hispanic Whites (23%) and Hispanics (23%) than for non-Hispanic Blacks (20%). Conclusions. To decrease the incidence of heterosexually acquired HIV infections, prevention and education programs should target all persons at risk, especially women, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Espinoza, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lespinoza@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 BP 144 EP 149 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.077461 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 123QO UT WOS:000243310600024 PM 17138918 ER PT J AU Cain, KP Haley, CA Armstrong, LR Garman, KN Wells, CD Iademarco, MF Castro, KG Laserson, KF AF Cain, Kevin P. Haley, Connie A. Armstrong, Lori R. Garman, Katie N. Wells, Charles D. Iademarco, Michael F. Castro, Kenneth G. Laserson, Kayla F. TI Tuberculosis among foreign-born persons in the United States - Achieving tuberculosis elimination SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE emigration and immigration; epidemiology; tuberculin test; tuberculosis ID NEW-YORK-CITY; IMMIGRANTS; INFECTION; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COUNTRIES; REFUGEES AB Rationale: In the United States, the number of annual reported cases of tuberculosis (TB) among U.S.-born persons declined by 62% from 1993 to 2004, but increased by 5% among foreign-born persons. Over half of all reported cases of TB in the United States occur among foreign-born persons, most of these due to activation of latent TB infection (LTBI). Current guidelines recommend targeting only foreign-born persons who entered the United States within the previous 5 yr for LTBI testing. Objective: We sought to assess the epidemiologic basis for this guideline. Methods: We calculated TB case rates among foreign-born persons, stratified by duration of United States residence and world region of origin. We determined the number of cases using 2004 U.S. TB surveillance data, and calculated case rates using population data from the 2004 American Community Survey. Measurements and Main Results: In 2004, a total of 14,517 cases of TB were reported; 3,444 (24%) of these were among foreign-born persons who had entered the United States more than 5 yr previously. The rate of TB disease among foreign-born persons was 21.5/100,000, compared with 2.7/100,000 for U.S.-born persons, and varied by duration of residence and world region of origin. Conclusions: Almost one-quarter of all TB cases in the United States occur among foreign-born persons who have resided in the United States for longer than 5 yr, case rates for such persons from selected regions of origin remain substantially elevated. To eliminate TB, we must address the burden of LTBI in this high-risk group. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat & Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. Tennessee State Dept Publ Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. RP Cain, KP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat & Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kcain@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 175 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1164/rccm.200608-1178OC PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 123IO UT WOS:000243289800015 PM 17038659 ER PT J AU Dawson, ED Moore, CL Dankbar, DM Mehlmann, M Townsend, MB Smagala, JA Smith, CB Cox, NJ Kuchta, RD Rowlen, KL AF Dawson, Erica D. Moore, Chad L. Dankbar, Daniela M. Mehlmann, Martin Townsend, Michael B. Smagala, James A. Smith, Catherine B. Cox, Nancy J. Kuchta, Robert D. Rowlen, Kathy L. TI Identification of A/H5N1 influenza viruses using a single gene diagnostic microarray SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; REACTION RT-PCR; AVIAN INFLUENZA; H5N1 INFLUENZA; SUBTYPE H5N1; ASSAY; SURVEILLANCE; ASIA AB In previous work, a simple diagnostic DNA microarray that targeted only the matrix gene segment of influenza A (MChip) was developed and evaluated with patient samples. In this work, the analytical utility of the MChip for detection and subtyping of an emerging virus was evaluated with a diverse set of A/H5N1 influenza viruses. A total of 43 different highly pathogenic A/H5N1 viral isolates that were collected from diverse geographic locations, including Vietnam, Nigeria, Indonesia, and Kazakhstan, representing human, feline, and a variety of avian infections spanning the time period 2003-2006 were used in this study. A probabilistic artificial neural network was developed for automated microarray image interpretation through pattern recognition. The microarray assay and subsequent subtype assignment by the artificial neural network resulted in correct identification of 24 "unknown" A/H5N1 positive samples with no false positives. Analysis of a data set composed of A/H5N1, A/H3N2, and A/H1N1 positive samples and negative controls resulted in a clinical sensitivity of 97% and a clinical specificity of 100%. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. InDevR LLC, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Rowlen, KL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rowlen@colorado.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01AI056528] NR 28 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 1 BP 378 EP 384 DI 10.1021/ac061920o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 121FK UT WOS:000243143300055 PM 17194164 ER PT J AU Saks, MA Karras, DJ AF Saks, Mark A. Karras, David J. TI Varicella outbreak among vaccinated children - Nebraska, 2004 - Commentary SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES C1 Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Saks, MA (reprint author), Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, 14445 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 99 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.10.007 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 125NH UT WOS:000243448300020 PM 17197292 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Wang, J Ogden, CL Thornton, JC Mei, ZG Pierson, RN Dietz, WH Horlick, M AF Freedman, David S. Wang, Jack Ogden, Cynthia L. Thornton, John C. Mei, Zuguo Pierson, Richard N. Dietz, William H. Horlick, Mary TI The prediction of body fatness by BMI and skinfold thicknesses among children and adolescents SO ANNALS OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body composition; anthropometry/methods; densitometry; x-ray methods; child skinfold thickness; body mass index; cross-sectional studies ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; FAT-FREE MASS; UNITED-STATES; INDEX; OVERWEIGHT; ANTHROPOMETRY; PERCENTAGE; RECOMMENDATIONS; ADIPOSITY AB Background: Although the body mass index (BMI, kgm(-2)) is widely used as a measure of adiposity, it is a measure of excess weight, rather than excess body fat. It has been suggested that skinfold thicknesses be measured among overweight children to confirm the presence of excess adiposity. Objective: The present study examined the additional information provided by skinfold thicknesses on body fatness, beyond that conveyed by BMI-for-age, among healthy 5- to 18-years old (n = 1196). Methods and procedures: Total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provided estimates of % body fat, and the sum of two skinfolds (triceps and subscapular) was used as an indicator of the overall skinfold thickness. Results: As assessed by the multiple R(2)s and the residuals of various regression models, information on the skinfold sum significantly (p< 0.001) improved the prediction of body fatness beyond that obtained with BMI-for-age. For example, the use of the skinfold sum, in addition to BMI-for-age, increased the multiple R(2)s for predicting % body fat from 0.81 to 0.90 (boys), and from 0.82 to 0.89 (girls). The use of the skinfold sum also reduced the overall prediction errors ( absolute value of the residuals) for % body fat by 20-30%, but these reductions varied substantially by BMI-for-age. Among overweight children, defined by a BMI-for-age, >= 95th percentile, the skinfold sum reduced the predication errors for % body fat by only 7-9%. Conclusions: Although skinfold thicknesses, when used in addition to BMI-for-age, can substantially improve the estimation of body fatness, the improvement among overweight children is small. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Dept Med, Body Composit Unit, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10025 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Columbia Univ, Childrens Hosp New York, New York, NY USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DFreedman@CDC.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK37352] NR 36 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4460 J9 ANN HUM BIOL JI Ann. Hum. Biol. PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1080/03014460601116860 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 174NX UT WOS:000246950100003 PM 17558589 ER PT J AU Curwin, BD Hein, MJ Sanderson, WT Striley, C Heederik, D Kromhout, H Reynolds, SJ Alavanja, MC AF Curwin, Brian D. Hein, Misty J. Sanderson, Wayne T. Striley, Cynthia Heederik, Dick Kromhout, Hans Reynolds, Stephen J. Alavanja, Michael C. TI Urinary pesticide concentrations among children, mothers and fathers living in farm and non-farm households in Iowa SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE biological monitoring; herbicides; insecticides; pesticides; pesticide exposure; take-home; urine ID CENTRAL WASHINGTON-STATE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; METOLACHLOR MERCAPTURATE; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; EXPOSURE PATHWAYS; LAWN APPLICATIONS; CANCER-RISK; CHLORPYRIFOS; APPLICATORS; HEALTH AB In the spring and summer of 2001, 47 fathers, 48 mothers and 117 children of Iowa farm and non-farm households were recruited to participate in a study investigating take-home pesticide exposure. On two occasions similar to 1 month apart, urine samples from each participant and dust samples from various rooms were collected from each household and were analyzed for atrazine, metolachlor, glyphosate and chlorpyrifos or their metabolites. The adjusted geometric mean (GM) level of the urine metabolite of atrazine was significantly higher in fathers, mothers and children from farm households compared with those from non-farm households (P <= 0.0001). Urine metabolites of chlorpyrifos were significantly higher in farm fathers (P = 0.02) and marginally higher in farm mothers (P = 0.05) when compared with non-farm fathers and mothers, but metolachlor and glyphosate levels were similar between the two groups. GM levels of the urinary metabolites for chlorpyrifos, metolachlor and glyphosate were not significantly different between farm children and non-farm children. Farm children had significantly higher urinary atrazine and chlorpyrifos levels (P = 0.03 and P = 0.03 respectively) when these pesticides were applied by their fathers prior to sample collection than those of farm children where these pesticides were not recently applied. Urinary metabolite concentration was positively associated with pesticide dust concentration in the homes for all pesticides except atrazine in farm mothers; however, the associations were generally not significant. There were generally good correlations for urinary metabolite levels among members of the same family. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evalutat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. RP Curwin, BD (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evalutat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM bcurwin@cdc.gov RI Kromhout, Hans/A-9159-2008 NR 51 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1093/annhug/mel062 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 126EV UT WOS:000243495900007 PM 16984946 ER PT S AU de Kruif, J Bakker, ABH Marissen, WE Kramer, RA Throsby, M Rupprecht, CE Goudsmit, J AF de Kruif, John Bakker, Alexander B. H. Marissen, Wilfred E. Kramer, R. Arjen Throsby, Mark Rupprecht, Charles E. Goudsmit, Jaap TI A human monoclonal antibody cocktail as a novel component of rabies postexposure prophylaxis SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE SE Annual Review of Medicine LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE polyclonal; serum; phage display; IgG ID HUMAN POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES; NON-EXPOSED PERSONS; VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN; PASSIVE ANTIBODY; VACCINE INOCULATIONS; DIFFERENT SCHEDULES; NEUTRALIZATION; INFECTION; SERUM; COMBINATION AB The currently recommended treatment for individuals exposed to rabies virus is the combined administration of rabies vaccine and rabies immune globulin (RIG). This review sets out the criteria used to guide development of a cocktail of human monoclonal antibodies as a replacement for RIG. Using this process as a model, the general requirements for development of safe and efficacious monoclonal antibody alternatives to currently used polyclonal serum products are discussed. C1 Crucell Holland BV, Leiden, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP de Kruif, J (reprint author), Crucell Holland BV, Leiden, Netherlands. EM j.dekruif@crucell.com NR 39 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4219 BN 978-0-8243-0558-1 J9 ANNU REV MED JI Annu. Rev. Med. PY 2007 VL 58 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1146/annurev.med.58.061705.145053 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 139VU UT WOS:000244461500024 PM 16886905 ER PT S AU Newschaffer, CJ Croen, LA Daniels, J Giarelli, E Grether, JK Levy, SE Mandell, DS Miller, LA Pinto-Martin, J Reaven, J Reynolds, AM Rice, CE Schendel, D Windham, GC AF Newschaffer, Craig J. Croen, Lisa A. Daniels, Julie Giarelli, Ellen Grether, Judith K. Levy, Susan E. Mandell, David S. Miller, Lisa A. Pinto-Martin, Jennifer Reaven, Judy Reynolds, Ann M. Rice, Catherine E. Schendel, Diana Windham, Gayle C. TI The epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH SE Annual Review of Public Health LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE prevalence; high-risk groups; risk factors; genetics; environmental exposures ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PERINATAL RISK-FACTORS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; NEONATAL FACTORS; TOTAL POPULATION; VALPROIC ACID; OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex, lifelong, neurodevelopmental conditions of largely unknown cause. They are much more common than previously believed, second in frequency only to mental retardation among the serious developmental disorders. Although a heritable component has been demonstrated in ASD etiology, putative risk genes have yet to be identified. Environmental risk factors may also play a role, perhaps via complex gene-environment interactions, but no specific exposures with significant population effects are known. A number of endogenous biomarkers associated with autism risk have been investigated, and these may help identify significant biologic pathways that, in turn, will aid in the discovery of specific genes and exposures. Future epidemiologic research should focus on expanding population-based descriptive data on ASDs, exploring candidate risk factors in large well-designed studies incorporating both genetic and environmental exposure data and addressing possible etiologic heterogeneity in studies that can stratify case groups and consider alternate endophenotypes. C1 Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80218 USA. JFK Partners, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Newschaffer, CJ (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. EM cnewscha@drexel.edu RI Mandelld, David/A-1044-2007; Mandell, David/H-2730-2012; Rice, Catherine/D-6305-2016; OI Mandell, David/0000-0001-8240-820X; Reynolds, Ann/0000-0002-0836-746X NR 183 TC 419 Z9 437 U1 28 U2 161 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-7525 BN 978-0-8243-2728-6 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 2007 VL 28 BP 235 EP 258 DI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144007 PG 24 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 167FL UT WOS:000246436700015 PM 17367287 ER PT S AU Grosse, SD Teutsch, SM Haddix, AC AF Grosse, Scott D. Teutsch, Steven M. Haddix, Anne C. TI Lessons from cost-effectiveness research for United States public health policy SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH SE Annual Review of Public Health LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE economic evaluation; cost-benefit analysis; regulation; health policy; immunization; newborn screening ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES; ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE; COA DEHYDROGENASE-DEFICIENCY; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAM; SICKLE-CELL-DISEASE; WEST-NILE-VIRUS AB The application of cost-effectiveness analysis to health care has been the subject of previous reviews. We address the use of economic evaluation methods in public health, including case studies of population-level policies, e.g., environmental regulations, injury prevention, tobacco control, folic acid fortification, and blood product safety, and the public health promotion of clinical preventive services, e.g., newborn screening, cancer screening, and childhood immunizations. We review the methods used in cost-effectiveness analysis, the implications for cost-effectiveness findings, and the extent to which economic studies have influenced policy and program decisions. We discuss reasons for the relatively limited impact to date of economic evaluation in public health. Finally, we address the vexing question of how to decide which interventions are cost effective and worthy of funding. Policy makers have funded certain interventions with rather high cost-effectiveness ratios, notably nucleic acid testing for blood product safety Cost-effectiveness estimates are a decision aid, not a decision rule. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Merck & Co Inc, Outcomes Res & Management, West Point, PA 19486 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Strategy & Innovat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgrosse@cdc.gov NR 145 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 14 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-7525 BN 978-0-8243-2728-6 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 2007 VL 28 BP 365 EP 391 DI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144046 PG 27 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 167FL UT WOS:000246436700021 PM 17222080 ER PT J AU Stevenson, JE Gay, K Barrett, TJ Medalla, F Chiller, TM Angulo, FJ AF Stevenson, Jennifer E. Gay, Kathryn Barrett, Timothy J. Medalla, Felicita Chiller, Tom M. Angulo, Frederick J. TI Increase in nalidixic acid resistance among non-typhi Salmonella enterica isolates in the United States from 1996 to 2003 SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; FOOD ANIMALS; FLUOROQUINOLONE; INFECTION; SEROTYPES; OUTBREAK; HUMANS AB Fluoroquinolones commonly are used to treat adult Salmonella infections. Fluoroquinolone treatment has failed for persons infected with nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella. From 1996 to 2003, state public health laboratories forwarded 12,252 non-Typhi Salmonella enterica isolates to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 203 (1.6%) of the isolates were nalidixic acid resistant, and 14 (7%) of those were ciprofloxacin resistant. Resistance to nalidixic acid significantly increased from 0.4% in 1996 to 2.3% in 2003. All ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates had at least one point mutation in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and did not harbor qnr or have point mutations in the QRDR of gyrB, parC, or parE. Continued surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among non-Typhi S. enterica isolates is needed to mitigate the increasing prevalence of nalidixic acid resistance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Preparedness Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Mailstop D63,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fangulo@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 195 EP 197 DI 10.1128/AAC.00222-06 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 122GR UT WOS:000243214200025 PM 17088493 ER PT J AU Weigel, LM Donlan, RM Shin, DH Jensen, B Clark, NC McDougal, LK Zhu, WM Musser, KA Thompson, J Kohlerschinidt, D Dumas, N Limberger, RJ Patel, JB AF Weigel, Linda M. Donlan, Rodney M. Shin, Dong Hyeon Jensen, Bette Clark, Nancye C. McDougal, Linda K. Zhu, Wenming Musser, Kimberlee A. Thompson, Jill Kohlerschinidt, Donna Dumas, Nellie Limberger, Ronald J. Patel, Jean B. TI High-level vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with a polymicrobial biofilm SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES HOSPITALS; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; GENE TET(S); FAECIUM; DETERMINANT; COMMUNITY; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; BACTERIA; DISEASE AB Glycopeptides such as vancomycin are the treatment of choice for infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This study describes the identification of high-level vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolates in a polymicrobial biofilm within an indwelling nephrostomy tube in a patient in New York. S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Micrococcus species, Morganella morganii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the biofilm. For VRSA isolates, vancomycin MICs ranged from 32 to > 128 mu g/ml. VRSA isolates were also resistant to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, penicillin, and tetracycline but remained susceptible to chloramphenicol, linezolid, rifampin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The vanA gene was localized to a plasmid of similar to 100 kb in VRSA and E. faecium isolates from the biofilm. Plasmid analysis revealed that the VRSA isolate acquired the 100-kb E. faecium plasmid, which was then maintained without integration into the MRSA plasmid. The tetracycline resistance genes tet(U) and tet(S), not previously detected in S. aureus isolates, were identified in the VRSA isolates. Additional resistance elements in the VRSA isolate included a multiresistance gene cluster, ermB-aadE-sat4-aphA-3, msrA (macrolide efflux), and the bifunctional aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-aph(2")-Ia. Multiple combinations of resistance genes among the various isolates of staphylococci and enterococci, including vanA, tet(S), and tet(U), illustrate the dynamic nature of gene acquisition and loss within and between bacterial species throughout the course of infection. The potential for interspecies transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes, including resistance to vancomycin, may be enhanced by the microenvironment of a biofilm. C1 NCID DHQP ELB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. RP Weigel, LM (reprint author), NCID DHQP ELB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,G-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lweigel@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 114 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1128/AAC.00576-06 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 122GR UT WOS:000243214200030 PM 17074796 ER PT J AU Uy, J Brooks, JT Baker, R Hoffman, M Moorman, A Novak, R AF Uy, Jonathan Brooks, John T. Baker, Rose Hoffman, Mark Moorman, Anne Novak, Richard CA HOPS investigators TI HIV genotypic resistance testing to optimize antiretroviral prescribing: is there room for improvement? SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; THERAPY; TRIAL; CARE AB Background: Clinical utilization of genotype resistance testing is evolving. We examined the extent to which HIV care providers requesting genotype resistance tests used the information appropriately and the impact of inappropriate utilization. Methods: Data from a prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients (the HIV Outpatient Study) were used in the analysis. We analysed the frequency with which patients were prescribed any non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor after identification of the K103N mutation in reverse transcriptase and the frequency of prescription of nelfinavir after identification of the D30N mutation in HIV protease; the short-term impact of this action on HIV viral load and CD4(+) T-cell count was assessed. Results: Among 441 patients demonstrating either mutation, 18% who were taking the resistant antiretroviral at the time of the test were continued on the medication for >6 months after this finding. In 33% of these instances, prescribers reported these actions were erroneous oversights. For persons taking the resistant antiretroviral at the time of the genotype test, stopping this medication within 6 months of the test produced greater decreases in viral load (-1.35 versus -0.43 log copies/ml, P=0.025) and a greater likelihood of achieving an undetectable viral load (25.3% versus 7.3%, P=0.012) at 9 months. Changes in CD4(+) T-cell count differed [+22.8 versus -23.0 cells/mm(3)), but not significantly (P=0.167). Conclusions: Following evidence of definitive resistance by genotype testing, a substantial fraction of antiretroviral prescriptions were continued in error leading to an attenuated therapeutic response. These data highlight the need to consider better systems to manage genotype resistance testing data in the clinical setting. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Sect Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Cerner Corp, Kansas City, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Uy, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Sect Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. EM jonathan.uy@bms.com FU AHRQ HHS [1R18HS011800-01]; PHS HHS [200-2001-00133] NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2007 VL 12 IS 6 BP 957 EP 962 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 214YD UT WOS:000249773400012 PM 17926650 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG Otten, R Cong, M Jackson, E Janssen, R Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, J. G. Otten, R. Cong, M. Jackson, E. Janssen, R. Folks, T. M. Heneine, W. TI Intermittent antiretroviral prophylaxis with tenofovir and erntricitabine protects macaques against repeated rectal SHIV exposures SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 12-16, 2007 CL BARBADOS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2007 VL 12 IS 5 BP S96 EP S96 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 197IC UT WOS:000248546900104 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Lipscomb, J Li, JF Wei, X Heneine, W AF Johnson, J. A. Lipscomb, J. Li, J-F Wei, X. Heneine, W. TI Real-time PCR testing allows for sensitive drug resistance screening and mutation linking in HIV-1 SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 12-16, 2007 CL BARBADOS C1 [Johnson, J. A.; Lipscomb, J.; Li, J-F; Wei, X.; Heneine, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2007 VL 12 SU 1 BP S153 EP S153 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 256AL UT WOS:000252700000138 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Lipscomb, J Li, JF Wei, X Heneine, W AF Johnson, J. A. Lipscomb, J. Li, J.-F. Wei, X. Heneine, W. TI Real-time PCR testing allows for sensitive drug resistance screening and mutation linking in HIV-1 SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 12-16, 2007 CL BARBADOS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2007 VL 12 IS 5 BP S153 EP S153 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 197IC UT WOS:000248546900157 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Li, JF Wei, X Lipscomb, J Smith, A Heneine, W AF Johnson, J. A. Li, J-F Wei, X. Lipscomb, J. Smith, A. Heneine, W. TI Sensitive testing demonstrates a high prevalence of transmitted drug resistance among conventionally genotyped wildtype HIV-I infections SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 12-16, 2007 CL BARBADOS C1 [Johnson, J. A.; Li, J-F; Wei, X.; Lipscomb, J.; Smith, A.; Heneine, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2007 VL 12 SU 1 BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 256AL UT WOS:000252700000040 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Li, JF Wei, X Lipscomb, J Smith, A Heneine, W AF Johnson, J. A. Li, J-F Wei, X. Lipscomb, J. Smith, A. Heneine, W. TI Sensitive testing demonstrates a high prevalence of transmitted drug resistance among conventionally genotyped wildtype HIV-1 infections SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 12-16, 2007 CL BARBADOS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2007 VL 12 IS 5 BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 197IC UT WOS:000248546900058 ER PT J AU Masciotra, S Garrido, C Youngpairoj, AS McNulty, A Zahonero, N Corral, A Heneine, W De Mendoza, C Garcia-Lerma, JG AF Masciotra, S. Garrido, C. Youngpairoj, A. S. McNulty, A. Zahonero, N. Corral, A. Heneine, W. De Mendoza, C. Garcia-Lerma, J. G. TI High concordance between HIV-1 drug resistance genotypes generated from plasma and dried blood spots in antiretroviral-experienced patients SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 12-16, 2007 CL BARBADOS C1 [Masciotra, S.; Youngpairoj, A. S.; McNulty, A.; Heneine, W.; Garcia-Lerma, J. G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Garrido, C.; Zahonero, N.; Corral, A.; De Mendoza, C.] Hosp Carlos III, Dept Infect Dis, Madrid, Spain. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2007 VL 12 SU 1 BP S158 EP S158 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 256AL UT WOS:000252700000143 ER PT J AU Masciotra, S Garrido, C Youngpairoj, AS McNulty, A Zahonero, N Corral, A Heneine, W de Mendoza, C Garcia-Lerma, JG AF Masciotra, S. Garrido, C. Youngpairoj, A. S. McNulty, A. Zahonero, N. Corral, A. Heneine, W. de Mendoza, C. Garcia-Lerma, J. G. TI High concordance between HIV-1 drug resistance genotypes generated from plasma and dried blood spots in antiretroviral-experienced patients SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 12-16, 2007 CL BARBADOS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hosp Carlos III, Dept Infect Dis, Madrid, Spain. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2007 VL 12 IS 5 BP S158 EP S158 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 197IC UT WOS:000248546900162 ER PT J AU McNulty, A Diallo, K Zhang, J Kassim, S Bennett, D Aberle-Gasse, J Kibuka, T Nkengasong, JN Yang, C AF McNulty, A. Diallo, K. Zhang, J. Kassim, S. Bennett, D. Aberle-Gasse, J. Kibuka, T. Nkengasong, J. N. Yang, C. TI Application of a broadly sensitive genotyping assay using dried blood spots for surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance in PEPFAR countries SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 12-16, 2007 CL BARBADOS C1 [McNulty, A.; Diallo, K.; Nkengasong, J. N.; Yang, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zhang, J.] Shangdong Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Bennett, D.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Aberle-Gasse, J.] CDC, GAP, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Kibuka, T.] CDC, GAP, Burundi, Tanzania. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2007 VL 12 SU 1 BP S59 EP S59 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 256AL UT WOS:000252700000053 ER PT J AU McNulty, A Diallo, K Zhang, J Kassim, S Bennett, D Aberle-Gasse, J Kibuka, T Nkengasong, JN Yang, C AF McNulty, A. Diallo, K. Zhang, J. Kassim, S. Bennett, D. Aberle-Gasse, J. Kibuka, T. Nkengasong, J. N. Yang, C. TI Application of a broadly sensitive genotyping assay using dried blood spots for surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance in PEPFAR countries SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 12-16, 2007 CL BARBADOS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Shangdong Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shandong, Peoples R China. World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. CDC GAP, Lilongwe, Malawi. CDC GAP, Burundi, Tanzania. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2007 VL 12 IS 5 BP S59 EP S59 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 197IC UT WOS:000248546900071 ER PT J AU Kuno, G Chang, GJJ AF Kuno, G. Chang, G.-J. J. TI Full-length sequencing and genomic characterization of Bagaza, Kedougou, and Zika viruses SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYCLIZATION SEQUENCES; UNTRANSLATED REGION; FLAVIVIRUS; REPLICATION; RNA; GLYCOSYLATION; ENCEPHALITIS; PROTEINS AB Many members of the genus Flavivirus are the agents of important diseases of humans, livestock, and wildlife. Currently, no complete genome sequence is available for the three African viruses, Bagaza, Zika, and Kedougou viruses, each representing a distinct virus subgroup according to the latest virus classification. In this study, we obtained a complete genome sequence of each of those three viruses and characterized the open reading frames (ORFs) with respect to gene sizes, cleavage sites, potential glycosylation sites, distribution of cysteine residues, and unique motifs. The sequences of the three viruses were then scanned across the entire length of the ORF against available sequences of other African flaviviruses and selected reference viruses for genetic relatedness. The data collectively indicated that Kedougou virus was close to dengue viruses but nonetheless distinct, while Bagaza virus shared genetic relatedness with West Nile virus in several genomic regions. In the non-coding regions, it was found that a particular organizational pattern of conserved sequences in the 3' terminal region generally correlated with the current virus grouping. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Kuno, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM gokl@cdc.gov; gxc7@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 119 Z9 131 U1 21 U2 102 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2007 VL 152 IS 4 BP 687 EP 696 DI 10.1007/s00705-006-0903-z PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 164BY UT WOS:000246208800003 PM 17195954 ER PT J AU Magoffin, DE Halpin, K Rota, PA Wang, LF AF Magoffin, D. E. Halpin, K. Rota, P. A. Wang, L.-F. TI Effects of single amino acid substitutions at the E residue in the conserved GDNE motif of the Nipah virus polymerase (L) protein SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; FAMILY PARAMYXOVIRIDAE; FATAL ENCEPHALITIS; GENOME SEQUENCE; HENDRA VIRUS; IN-VITRO; MORBILLIVIRUS; BATS; IDENTIFICATION; BANGLADESH AB Nipah virus (NiV) is an emergent zoonotic paramyxovirus. The L proteins of most paramyxoviruses contain a GDNQ motif, thought to be part of the catalytic site for polymerase activity. Conversely, NiV L has GDNE in this position. We substituted the E residue with eight different amino acid residues and examined the effect on L function in an in vitro replication assay. Our results demonstrated that NiV L functioned with similar efficiency with either GDNE or GDNQ, but polymerase activity was severely reduced or abolished when a structurally destabilising residue (such as K, P or G) was introduced at this site. C1 CSIRO Livestock Ind, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. Curtin Univ Technol, Perth, WA 6001, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, LF (reprint author), CSIRO Livestock Ind, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, PO Bag 24, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. EM linfa.wang@csiro.au RI Halpin, Kim/G-6203-2012 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2007 VL 152 IS 4 BP 827 EP 832 DI 10.1007/s00705-006-0881-1 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 164BY UT WOS:000246208800018 PM 17143779 ER PT J AU Buchner, DM AF Buchner, David M. TI Exercise slows functional decline in nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease - Commentary SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Buchner, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AUSTRALIAN PHYSIOTHERAPY ASSOC PI ST KILDA PA LEVEL 3, 201 FITZROY ST, ST KILDA, 3182, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9514 J9 AUST J PHYSIOTHER JI Aust. J. Physiother. PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 204 EP 204 PG 1 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 222TN UT WOS:000250320200012 PM 17899666 ER PT J AU Yazdy, MM Honein, MA Xing, J AF Yazdy, Mahsa M. Honein, Margaret A. Xing, Jian TI Reduction in orofacial clefts following folic acid fortification of the US grain supply SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Meeting of the National-Birth-Defects-Prevention-Network CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 2006 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Birth Defects Prevent Network DE cleft lip; cleft palate; folic acid; fortified foods; birth certificates ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; ORAL CLEFTS; CONGENITAL-ABNORMALITIES; UNITED-STATES; MULTIVITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; FOOD FORTIFICATION; PREGNANCY; FOLATE; SMOKING; LIP AB BACKGROUND: Folic acid fortification in the United States became mandatory January 1, 1998, to reduce the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs). We evaluated the impact of folic acid fortification on orofacial clefts using United States birth certificate data for 45 states and the District of Columbia. METHODS: Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated comparing orofacial cleft prevalence among births prefortification (1/ 1990-12/1996) and postfortification (10/1998-12/2002), based on fortification status at conception. The Join-Point Regression Program and exponentially weighted moving average charts (EWMA) were used to assess the timing of any statistically significant changes in prevalence. Data were stratified by maternal race/ethnicity, age, smoking, and timing of prenatal care. RESULTS: Orofacial clefts declined following folic acid fortification (PR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92-0.96). The EWMA chart flagged a significant decrease in the fourth quarter of 1998. The JoinPoint graph had one change in slope, with a significant quarterly percent change (-0.34) between 1996 and 2002. The decline in orofacial clefts occurred in non-Hispanic Whites but not other racial/ ethnic groups, nonsmokers but not women who reported smoking during pregnancy, and women who received prenatal care in the first trimester but not women who began receiving care later in pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Folic acid fortification in the United States was associated with a small decrease in orofacial cleft prevalence, with the timing of the decline consistent with the introduction of fortification. The decline is much smaller than that observed for NTDs, but nonetheless suggests an additional benefit of this public health intervention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Yazdy, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM myazdy@cdc.gov OI Yazdy, Mahsa/0000-0002-7415-5350 NR 60 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 79 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1002/bdra.20319 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 123RY UT WOS:000243314500003 PM 17177274 ER PT J AU Trabert, B Malone, KE Daling, JR Doody, DR Bernstein, L Ursin, G Marchbanks, PA Strom, BL Humphrey, MC Ostrander, EA AF Trabert, Britton Malone, Kathleen E. Daling, Janet R. Doody, David R. Bernstein, Leslie Ursin, Giske Marchbanks, Polly A. Strom, Brian L. Humphrey, Mariela C. Ostrander, Elaine A. TI Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in a large population-based case-control study of Caucasian and African-American women SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY; PROSTATE-CANCER; GENE POLYMORPHISMS; UNITED-STATES; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; ASSOCIATION; CALCIUM; OSTEOPOROSIS; METAANALYSIS AB Introduction The involvement of vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is a key mediator in the vitamin D pathway, in breast cancer etiology has long been of interest. Methods We examined the association between polymorphisms in the 3' end of the VDR gene, specifically BsmI and Poly( A), and breast cancer risk within a large, population-based, case-control study of breast cancer. Cases (n = 1,631) were Caucasian and African-American women, aged 35 to 64 years, who were diagnosed with incident, invasive breast cancer between July 1994 and April 1998. Control individuals ( n = 1,435) were women without breast cancer ascertained through random digit dialing. Results Accounting for age, study site, and sampling weights, we observed a significantly increased risk for breast cancer among Caucasian, postmenopausal carriers of the bb genotype of BsmI ( odds ratio = 1.53, 95% confidence interval = 1.04 to 2.27). However, no associations with the bb genotype were observed in African-American women. Overall, there were no significant associations between the Poly( A) genotype and breast cancer risk in either racial group. Smoking status (ever/never) modified the association between both the BsmI and Poly( A) genotypes and breast cancer risk. The respective associations between these genotypes and breast cancer risk did not significantly vary by oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, or body mass index. Conclusion Our results provide additional support for an increased risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal Caucasian women with the BsmI bb genotype and shed light on possible differential effects by menopausal status and race. C1 [Humphrey, Mariela C.; Ostrander, Elaine A.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol & Clin Res, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Trabert, Britton; Malone, Kathleen E.; Daling, Janet R.; Doody, David R.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Trabert, Britton; Malone, Kathleen E.; Daling, Janet R.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bernstein, Leslie; Ursin, Giske] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Ursin, Giske] Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, N-0372 Oslo, Norway. [Marchbanks, Polly A.] Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Strom, Brian L.] Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ostrander, Elaine A.] NIH, NHGRI, Canc Genet Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ostrander, EA (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol & Clin Res, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM eostrand@mail.nih.gov RI Trabert, Britton/F-8051-2015; OI Ostrander, Elaine/0000-0001-6075-9738 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [N01 CN065064, N01 PC067006, N01-CN-0532, N01-CN-65064, N01-CN-67010, N01-PC-67006]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01 HD 2-3166, N01 HD 3-3168, N01 HD 3-3174, N01 HD 3-3175, N01 HD 3-3176, Y01 HD007022] NR 37 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-5411 J9 BREAST CANCER RES JI Breast Cancer Res. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 6 AR R84 DI 10.1186/bcr1833 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 264KJ UT WOS:000253285900021 PM 18067661 ER PT J AU Shigematsu, M Nagano, Y Millar, BC Kenny, F Lowery, CJ Xiao, L Rao, JR Nicholson, V Watabe, M Heaney, N Sunnotel, O Mccorry, K Rooney, RJ Snelling, W Dooley, JSG Elborn, JS Matsuda, M Moore, JE AF Shigematsu, M. Nagano, Y. Millar, B. C. Kenny, F. Lowery, C. J. Xiao, L. Rao, J. R. Nicholson, V. Watabe, M. Heaney, N. Sunnotel, O. Mccorry, K. Rooney, R. J. Snelling, W. Dooley, J. S. G. Elborn, J. S. Matsuda, M. Moore, J. E. TI Molecular detection and identification of Cryptosporidium species in lettuce employing nested small-subunit rRNA PCR and direct automated sequencing SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRESH VEGETABLES; OOCYSTS; PARASITES; PARVUM; IRRIGATION; FATE C1 Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Azabu Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Mol Biol Lab, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Publ Hlth Lab, Sligo BT52 1SA, Ireland. Univ Ulster, Sch Biomed Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Agr Food & Biosci Inst, Appl Plant Sci Res Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast City Hosp, Dept Resp Med, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Moore, JE (reprint author), Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. EM jemoore@niphl.dnet.co.uk RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Dooley, James/0000-0002-9459-5572; elborn, joseph/0000-0002-2323-442X NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU STEP PUBLISHING LTD PI TUNBRIDGE WELLS PA SUBSCRIPTION DEPT, NORTH FARM RD, TUNBRIDGE WELLS TN2 3DR, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0967-4845 J9 BRIT J BIOMED SCI JI Br. J. Biomed. Sci. PY 2007 VL 64 IS 3 BP 133 EP 135 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 210UK UT WOS:000249480900010 PM 17910286 ER PT J AU Jemal, A Siegel, R Ward, E Murray, T Xu, JQ Thun, MJ AF Jemal, Ahmedin Siegel, Rebecca Ward, Elizabeth Murray, Taylor Xu, Jiaquan Thun, Michael J. TI Cancer statistics, 2007 SO CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL; WHITES; TRENDS; US AB Each year, the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. This report considers incidence data through 2003 and mortality data through 2004. Incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 US standard million population, A total of 1,444,920 new cancer cases and 559,650 deaths for cancers are projected to occur in the United States in 2007. Notable trends in cancer incidence and mortality rates include stabilization of the age-standardized, delay-adjusted incidence rates for all cancers combined in men from 1995 through 2003; a continuing increase in the incidence rate by 0.3% per year in women; and a 13.6% total decrease in age-standardized cancer death rates among men and women combined between 1991 and 2004. This report also examines cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by site, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic area, and calendar year, as well as the proportionate contribution of selected sites to the overall trends. While the absolute number of cancer deaths decreased for the second consecutive year in the United States (by more than 3,000 from 2003 to 2004) and much progress has been made in reducing mortality rates and improving survival, cancer still accounts for more deaths than heart disease in persons under age 85 years. Further progress can be accelerated by supporting new discoveries and by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population. C1 Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Surveillance Informat Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mortal Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Jemal, A (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Surveillance Informat Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RI Tang, Amy/L-3226-2016 OI Tang, Amy/0000-0002-5772-2878 NR 16 TC 5197 Z9 5567 U1 7 U2 92 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0007-9235 J9 CA-CANCER J CLIN JI CA-Cancer J. Clin. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 57 IS 1 BP 43 EP 66 PG 24 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 133IZ UT WOS:000244007900008 PM 17237035 ER PT J AU Dahlberg, LL AF Dahlberg, Linda L. BE Flannery, DJ Vazsonyi, AT Waldman, ID TI Public Health and Violence: Moving Forward in a Global Context SO CAMBRIDGE HANDBOOK OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOR AND AGGRESSION SE Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; 15-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; HOME VISITATION; MENTAL-HEALTH; MULTISYSTEMIC THERAPY; PREVENTING VIOLENCE; SEXUAL ABUSE; PEER-GROUPS; PROGRAM; SCHOOL C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Dahlberg, LL (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52184-567-0 J9 CAMB HANDB PSYCHOL PY 2007 BP 465 EP 485 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511816840 PG 21 WC Criminology & Penology; Psychology, Social SC Criminology & Penology; Psychology GA BYD37 UT WOS:000298097000024 ER PT J AU Sabatino, SA McCarthy, EP Phillips, RS Burns, RB AF Sabatino, Susan A. McCarthy, Ellen P. Phillips, Russell S. Burns, Risa B. TI Breast cancer risk assessment and management in primary care: Provider attitudes, practices, and barriers SO CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; risk assessment; primary health care; risk factors; prevention and control; chemoprevention; genetic screening; professional practice; early diagnosis; women's health ID PREVENTIVE HEALTH-CARE; BREAST/OVARIAN CANCER; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; NATIONAL-SURVEY; OVARIAN-CANCER; TASK-FORCE; GPS VIEWS; CHEMOPREVENTION; PHYSICIANS; WOMEN AB Background: We surveyed primary care providers to evaluate breast cancer risk assessment and management practices. Methods: Primary care providers included staff (attendings, fellows, nurse practitioners) and residents practicing >= 1 session/week in an outpatient general medicine practice or community practices. Of 201 eligible providers, 107 (53%) completed a self-administered questionnaire ascertaining attitudes, perceived barriers, and clinical practices related to assessing and managing breast cancer risk. Results: Of providers, 96% mostly or definitely agreed that assessing breast cancer risk was a primary care provider's responsibility. In assessing risk, most providers reported usually or always asking about family history (71%), but fewer usually or always ask about parity (48%), biopsies (40%), or menarche (35%), and most never calculate Gail scores (76%). In managing women at high risk for breast cancer, many providers reported usually or always communicating increased risk to patients (58%) and tailoring screening based on risk (53%); however fewer providers usually or always discuss chemoprevention (13%) or genetic testing (16%) or refer to specialists (35%). Addressing more immediate issues (25%) and lacking confidence in knowledge of risk and risk assessment (20%) were the most commonly reported barriers to assessing risk (n = 83). Conclusion: Primary care providers generally assess breast cancer risk primarily using family history, potentially missing women at increased risk based on other criteria. In addition, although providers tailor screening and refer women at high risk to specialists, they infrequently discuss chemoprevention or genetic testing. Addressing perceived barriers to assessing risk may improve care. (c) 2007 International Society for Preventive Oncology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sabatino, Susan A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [McCarthy, Ellen P.; Phillips, Russell S.; Burns, Risa B.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Gen Med & Primary Care, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Sabatino, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway MS,K-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SSabatino@cdc.gov FU NCCIH NIH HHS [K24 AT00589-01A1] NR 48 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-090X J9 CANCER DETECT PREV JI Cancer Detect. Prev. PY 2007 VL 31 IS 5 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.cdp.2007.08.003 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 249CH UT WOS:000252203900006 PM 18037249 ER PT J AU Werny, DM Thompson, T Saraiya, M Freedman, D Kottiri, BJ German, RR Wener, M AF Werny, David M. Thompson, Trevor Saraiya, Mona Freedman, David Kottiri, Benny J. German, Robert R. Wener, Mark TI Obesity is negatively associated with prostate-specific antigen in US men, 2001-2004 SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CANCER RISK; CAPSULAR INCISION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SERUM-LEVELS; SIZE; PSA; FAT; AGE AB Background: Recent studies have shown a negative association between body mass index (BMI) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a commonly used serum marker for the detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer. We have examined the association between several anthropometric measures and PSA in a nationally representative sample of men. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants in this study were men ages >= 40 years without previously diagnosed prostate cancer who had PSA measured. Height, weight, waist circumference, BMI, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, and calculated total body water were examined categorically by quintiles using multiple linear regression models. All tests of significance were two sided. Results: Among white men, we report a trend for decreasing PSA with increasing weight, BMI, waist circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, and calculated total body water. Among Mexican American men, we found a trend for decreasing PSA with increasing BMI, and among black men we found a trend for decreasing PSA with increasing triceps thickness. None of the interaction terms between race/ethnicity and any of the anthropometric measures were statistically significant. Controlling for age and race/ethnicity in the multiple linear regression model, we found moderate declines in PSA with a 1 SD increase in BMI [5.9% decrease (95% confidence interval, -9.0% to -2.8%) in geometric mean PSA per 5.2-unit increase], weight [5.9% decline (-8.8% to -2.8%) per 17.7-kg increase], waist circumference [6.6% decline (-9.4% to -3.6%) per 13.4-cm increase], triceps skinfold [5.4% decline (-8.9% to -1.8%) per 6.4-mm increase], and calculated total body water [5.7% decline (-8.9% to -2.4%) per 6.5-liter increase]. Conclusion: Our population-based, nationally representative results expand the validity of previous studies on obesity and PSA. Higher weight, BMI, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, and total body water are associated with moderately lower PSA values. A prospective study is needed to verify whether this association affects the accuracy of the PSA test in obese men. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM msaraiya@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0588 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 126XY UT WOS:000243550100012 PM 17179487 ER PT J AU Pierce, CY Barr, JR Cody, RB Massung, RF Woolfitt, AR Moura, H Thompson, HA Fernandez, FM AF Pierce, Carrie Y. Barr, John R. Cody, Robert B. Massung, Robert F. Woolfitt, Adrian R. Moura, Hercules Thompson, Herbert A. Fernandez, Facundo M. TI Ambient generation of fatty acid methyl ester ions from bacterial whole cells by direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Direct analysis in real time ( DART) is implemented on a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer, and used for the generation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) ions from whole bacterial cells. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. JEOL Inc, Peabody, MA 01960 USA. RP Fernandez, FM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, 770 State St, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM JBarr@cdc.gov; cody@jeol.com; facundo.fernandez@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 NR 12 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 8 BP 807 EP 809 DI 10.1039/b613200f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 136VQ UT WOS:000244252600007 PM 17308638 ER PT J AU Fleming, LE Kirkpatrick, B Backer, LC Beam, JA Wanner, A Reich, A Zaias, J Cheng, YS Pierce, R Naar, J Abraham, WM Baden, DG AF Fleming, Lora E. Kirkpatrick, Barbara Backer, Lorraine C. Beam, Judy A. Wanner, Adam Reich, Andrew Zaias, Julia Cheng, Yung Sung Pierce, Richard Naar, Jerome Abraham, William M. Baden, Daniel G. TI Aerosolized red-tide toxins (brevetoxins) and asthma SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE asthma; brevetoxins; harmful algal blooms; Karenia brevis; red tides; sensitive populations; spirometry ID AIR-POLLUTION; MARINE AEROSOL; HUMAN EXPOSURE; FLORIDA; POPULATION; SHELLFISH; EVENTS; BREVIS; HEALTH AB Background: With the increasing incidence of asthma, there is increasing concern over environmental exposures that may trigger asthma exacerbations. Blooms of the marine microalgae, Karenia brevis, cause red titles (or harmful algal blooms) annually throughout the Gulf of Mexico. K brevis produces higlily potent natural polyether toxins, called brevetoxins, which are sodium channel blockers, and possibly histamine activators. In experimental animals, brevetoxins cause significant bronchoconstriction. In humans, a significant increase in self-reported respiratory symptoms has been described after recreational and occupational exposures to Florida red-tide aerosols, particularly among individuals with asthma. Methods: Before and after 1 h spent on beaches with and without an active K brevis red-tide exposure, 97 persons 12 years of age with physician-diagnosed asthma were evaluated by questionnaire and spirometry. Concomitant environmental monitoring, water and air sampling, and personal monitoring for brevetoxins were performed. Results: Participants were significantly more likely to report respiratory symptoms after K brevis red-tide aerosol exposure than before exposure. Participants demonstrated small, but statistically significant, decreases in FEV1, midexpiratory phase of forced expiratory, flow, and peak expiratory flow after exposure, particularly among those participants regularly using asthma medications. No significant differences were detected when there was no Florida red tide (ie, during nonexposure periods). Conclusions: This study demonstrated objectively measurable adverse changes in lung function from exposure to aerosolized Florida red-tide toxins in asthmatic subjects, particularly among those requiring regular therapy with asthma medications. Future studies will assess these susceptible subpopulations in more deptb,as well as the possible long-term effects of these toxins. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Marine, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ N Carolina, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. RP Fleming, LE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Sch Med, 1801 NW 9th Ave,Highland Profess Bldg,Suite 200,R, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM lfleming@med.miami.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES010594-06A1, P01 ES 10594, P01 ES010594] NR 38 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JAN PY 2007 VL 131 IS 1 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1378/chest.06-1830 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 126XF UT WOS:000243548100029 PM 17218574 ER PT J AU Kyaw, MH Bellini, WJ Dayan, GH AF Kyaw, Moe H. Bellini, William J. Dayan, Gustavo H. TI Mumps surveillance and prevention: Putting mumps back on our radar screen SO CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FIELD EVALUATION; ORAL FLUID; VACCINE; VIRUS; CHILDREN; RUBELLA; MEASLES C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kyaw, MH (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Mkyaw@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLEVELAND CLINIC PI CLEVELAND PA 9500 EUCLID AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA SN 0891-1150 J9 CLEV CLIN J MED JI Clevel. Clin. J. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 74 IS 1 BP 13 EP 15 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 124RX UT WOS:000243388700004 PM 17373343 ER PT J AU Miernyk, KM Bruden, DL Bruce, MG McMahon, BJ Hennessy, TW Peters, HV Hurlburt, DA Sacco, F Parkinson, AJ AF Miernyk, Karen M. Bruden, Dana L. Bruce, Michael G. McMahon, Brian J. Hennessy, Thomas W. Peters, Helen V. Hurlburt, Debby A. Sacco, Frank Parkinson, Alan J. TI Dynamics of Helicobacter pylori-specific immunoglobulin G for 2 years after successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in an American Indian and Alaska native population SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLARITHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; METRONIDAZOLE; SEROLOGY; UTILITY AB Helicobacter pylori antibodies were measured over 24 months in American Indian and Alaska Native persons who cleared their infections. Two months after treatment, 82% of H. pylori-negative persons remained seropositive. While there were declines in H. pylori antibodies for 12 months, after 24 months 71% of persons remained seropositive. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Miernyk, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM kmiernyk@cdc.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK53727] NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 85 EP 86 DI 10.1128/CVI.00253-06 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 126WL UT WOS:000243546100010 PM 17079433 ER PT J AU Thorpe, SJ Heath, A Blackmore, S Lee, A Hamilton, M O'Broin, S Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, C AF Thorpe, Susan J. Heath, Alan Blackmore, Sheena Lee, Anne Hamilton, Malcolm O'Broin, Sean Nelson, Bryant C. Pfeiffer, Christine TI International standard for serum vitamin B-12 and serum folate: international collaborative study to evaluate a batch of lyophilised serum for B-12 and folate content SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE folate; liquid chromatography coupled to isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS); 5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid (5MeTHF); reference; standardisation; vitamin B-12 ID WHOLE-BLOOD FOLATE; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; METHYLMALONIC ACID; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MICROTITRE PLATES; HOMOCYSTEINE; DIAGNOSIS; COBALAMIN AB Background: Vitamin B-12 and folate measurements in serum show wide inter-methodology variability. This variability appears to be due in part to the lack of standardisation against internationally accepted reference materials. Pooled human serum, lyophilised in ampoules and designated 03/178, was therefore evaluated by 24 laboratories in seven countries for its suitability to serve as an International Standard (IS) for B12 and folate. Methods: IS 03/178 was assayed using a range of commercial analysers, microbiological assays and, for folate, candidate reference methods based on liquid chromatography coupled to isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Results: Mean vitamin B12 and folate values for reconstituted 03/178 across all laboratories and methods were 480 pg/mL [coefficient of variation (CV) 12.8%] and 5.52 ng/mL (CV 17.1%), respectively. The total folate content of reconstituted 03/178, determined using LC/MS/MS, was 12.1 nmol/L (equivalent to 5.33 ng/mL), made up of 9.75 nmol/L 5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid (5MeTHF; CV 5.5%), 1.59 nmol/L 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid (5FoTHF; CV 4.2%) and 0.74 nmol/L folic acid (FA; CV 31.6%). The inclusion of three serum samples in the study with different B12 and folate levels demonstrated a considerable reduction in inter-laboratory variability when the B12 and folate content of the samples was determined relative to the IS 03/178 rather than to the analyser calibration.IS 03/178 demonstrated satisfactory long-term stability in accelerated degradation studies. Conclusions: Use of IS 03/178 to standardise serum B-12 and folate assays reduced inter-laboratory variability. The World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation established 03/178 as the first IS for serum vitamin B12 and serum folate,with assigned values of 480 mu g/mL of vitamin B-12 and 12.1 nmol/L folate when the lyophilised contents of the ampoule are reconstituted with 1 mL of water. C1 Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Parenterals Sect, Biotherapeut Grp, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Good Hope Hosp, UKNEQAS Scheme Haematin, Sutton, Coldfield, England. St James Hosp, Dublin 8, Ireland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thorpe, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Parenterals Sect, Biotherapeut Grp, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. EM sthorpe@nibsc.ac.uk RI Thorpe, Susan/E-1808-2013 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.1515/CCLM.2007.072 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 152JB UT WOS:000245357200018 PM 17378737 ER PT J AU Boone, DJ AF Boone, D. Joe TI How can we make laboratory testing safer? SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE improving laboratory services; Institute for Quality in Laboratory Medicine; laboratory errors; patient safety; Quality Institute ID MEDICAL ERRORS; HEALTH-CARE; QUALITY AB Background: Diagnostic errors occur in laboratory medicine resulting from an error or delay in diagnosis, a failure to employ indicated tests, and the use of outmoded tests. Since laboratory tests provide essential information used by physicians to make medical decisions, it is important to determine how often laboratory testing mistakes occur, whether they cause patient harm, where they are most likely to occur in the testing process, and how to prevent them from occurring. Methods: The US Quality Institute Conference in 2003 and the Institute for Quality in Laboratory Medicine in 2005 brought together providers of, users of, and payers for laboratory services to explore how working together they could help to reduce laboratory testing errors and enhance patient safety. Results and conclusions: Users of and payers for laboratory services must become partners in the laboratory's efforts to reduce laboratory testing errors and enhance patient safety. They must be linked to a laboratory information system that provides assistance in decisions on test ordering, patient preparation, and test interpretation. Laboratory quality assessment efforts need to be expanded to encompass the detection of non-analytical mistakes. Healthcare institutions need to adopt a culture of safety that is implemented at all levels of the organization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infectious, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boone, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infectious, Div Lab Syst, 1600 Clifton Rd MS-G25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dboone@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 708 EP 711 DI 10.1515/CCLM.2007.169 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 187SZ UT WOS:000247870100003 PM 17579521 ER PT J AU Mosca, A Goodall, I Hoshino, T Jeppsson, JO John, WG Little, RR Miedema, K Myers, GL Reinauer, H Sacks, DB Weykamp, CW AF Mosca, Andrea Goodall, Ian Hoshino, Tadao Jeppsson, Jan O. John, W. Garry Little, Randie R. Miedema, Kor Myers, Gary L. Reinauer, Hans Sacks, David B. Weykamp, Cas W. TI Global standardization of glycated hemoglobin measurement: the position of the IFCC Working Group SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diabetes; glycated hemoglobin; HbA1c; network; reference methods; standardization ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; HUMAN BLOOD; COMPLICATIONS; HBA(1C) AB The measurement of glycated hemoglobin is central in the monitoring of glycemic control in patients with diabetes. There are at least 30 different laboratory assays commercially available to measure the proportion of HbA1c in blood. In 1995 the IFCC established a Working Group (IFCC WG-HbA1c) to achieve international standardization of HbA1c measurement. The main achievements can be summarized as follows: a) a reference measurement procedure has been established with purified primary calibrators; b) a network of reference laboratories has been developed worldwide; and c) work has begun on implementation of traceability to the IFCC reference system. The IFCC WG-HbA1c recognizes the recommendation of the IFCC-IUPAC Committee on Nomenclature, Properties and Units that the analyte measured by the IFCC reference measurement procedure has been defined as beta N1-deoxyfructosyl-hemoglobin and that the recommended measurement units are mmol/mol. The IFCC WG-HbA1c recommends maintaining the use of the name HbA1c in clinical practice. C1 Norfolk & Norwich Hosp, Sch Med Hlth Policy & Practice, UAE, Norwich NR1 3SR, Norfolk, England. Univ Milan, Ctr Metrolog Traceabil Lab Med, Dept Sci & Biomed Technol, Milan, Italy. Austin Hlth, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia. Inst Biopathol Med, Kanagawa, Japan. Malmo Univ Hosp, Malmo, Sweden. Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Columbia, MO USA. Isala Klin, Zwolle, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Instand EV, Dusseldorf, Germany. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Queen Beatrix Hosp, Winterswijk, Netherlands. RP John, WG (reprint author), Norfolk & Norwich Hosp, Sch Med Hlth Policy & Practice, UAE, Brunswick Rd, Norwich NR1 3SR, Norfolk, England. EM g.john@nnuh.nhs.uk OI Little, Randie/0000-0001-6450-8012; Sacks, David/0000-0003-3100-0735 NR 17 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1077 EP 1080 DI 10.1515/CCLM.2007.246 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 207QO UT WOS:000249266400026 ER PT J AU Achenbach, P Schlosser, M Williams, AJK Yu, LP Mueller, PW Bingley, PJ Bonifacio, E AF Achenbach, Peter Schlosser, Michael Williams, Alistair J. K. Yu, Liping Mueller, Patricia W. Bingley, Polly J. Bonifacio, Ezio TI Combined testing of antibody titer and affinity improves insulin autoantibody measurement: Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insulin autoantibody; IAA; affinity; titer; DASP; workshop; type 1 diabetes ID INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP; GENERAL-POPULATION; NATURAL-HISTORY; AUTOIMMUNITY; CHILDREN; ASSAY; RISK AB The aim of the workshop was to assess whether four laboratories could reproducibly measure insulin autoantibody (IAA) affinity in coded sera from non-diabetic relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes, newly diagnosed patients, and healthy blood donors, and whether combining affinity with autoantibody titer could improve concordance and performance of IAA assays. IAA affinity was measured by competitive binding using constant amounts of Tyr(14)A [125 1] human insulin and increasing quantities of unlabeled human insulin. There was high concordance between laboratories in distinguishing high, moderate, and tow affinity IAA, although IAA binding to insulin varied with assay format. Multiple islet autoantibody-positive and patient sera were identified by high affinity IAA regardless of taboratory-designated IAA status. Combining affinity and titer significantly improved sensitivity, specificity, and concordance of IAA measurement. This workshop has demonstrated that different laboratories are able to reproduce IAA affinity results and that considering IAA affinity is likely to improve the diagnostic performance of IAA assays. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Diabet Res Inst, D-80804 Munich, Germany. Univ Greifswald, Dept Med Biochem & Mol Biol, D-17495 Karlsburg, Germany. Univ Bristol, Southmead Hosp, Dept Clin Sci N Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, Avon, England. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Barbara Davis Ctr Childhood Diabet, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. San Raffaele Sci Inst, I-20132 Milan, Italy. RP Achenbach, P (reprint author), Diabet Res Inst, Koelner Pl 1, D-80804 Munich, Germany. EM Peter.Achenbach@lrz.uni-muenchen.de RI Williams, Alistair/E-7647-2013; Bonifacio, Ezio/E-7700-2010; Achenbach, Peter/M-9867-2014 OI Bonifacio, Ezio/0000-0002-8704-4713; Achenbach, Peter/0000-0001-6720-2684 FU PHS HHS [PL 105-33, PL 106-360, PL 107-360] NR 14 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 122 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.clim.2006.09.004 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 123XC UT WOS:000243329200009 PM 17059894 ER PT J AU Dewan, PK Grinsdale, J Kawamura, LM AF Dewan, Puneet K. Grinsdale, Jennifer Kawamura, L. Masae TI Low sensitivity of a whole-blood interferon-gamma release assay for detection of active tuberculosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID LATENT TUBERCULOSIS; SKIN-TEST; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGENS AB The sensitivity of an interferon-g assay (Quantiferon-TB Gold; Cellestis) was evaluated for the detection of tuberculosis among 242 persons with suspected tuberculosis in San Francisco, California. Thirty-seven subjects had culture-confirmed tuberculosis. Excluding 1 indeterminate result, 23 (64%; 95% confidence interval, 48%-78%) of 36 subjects had positive results using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay. The 64% sensitivity suggests that the QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay should not be used alone to exclude active tuberculosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Dewan, PK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pdewan@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 69 EP 73 DI 10.1086/509928 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 111UC UT WOS:000242479500011 PM 17143818 ER PT J AU Baughman, AL Cortese, MM Slade, BA AF Baughman, Andrew L. Cortese, Margaret M. Slade, Barbara A. TI Incidence of Bordetella pertussis infection in adolescents and adults SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Baughman, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DBaughman@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 149 EP 150 DI 10.1086/510081 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 111UC UT WOS:000242479500027 PM 17143835 ER PT J AU Goetzel, RZ Shechter, D Ozminkowski, RJ Stapleton, DC Lapin, PJ McGinnis, JM Gordon, CR Breslow, L AF Goetzel, Ron Z. Shechter, David Ozminkowski, Ronald J. Stapleton, David C. Lapin, Pauline J. McGinnis, J. Michael Gordon, Catherine R. Breslow, Lester TI Can health promotion programs save Medicare money? SO CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS IN AGING LA English DT Review DE health promotion; return on investment; Medicare; financial impact; risk reduction programs; demonstration AB The impact of an aging population on escalating US healthcare costs is influenced largely by the prevalence of chronic disease in this population. Consequently, preventing or postponing disease onset among the elderly has become a crucial public health issue. Fortunately, much of the total burden of disease is attributable to conditions that are preventable. In this paper, we address whether well-designed health promotion programs can prevent illness, reduce disability, and improve the quality of life. Furthermore, we assess evidence that these programs have the potential to reduce healthcare utilization and related expenditures for the Medicare program. We hypothesize that seniors who reduce their modifiable health risks can forestall disability, reduce healthcare utilization, and save Medicare money. We end with a discussion of a new Senior Risk Reduction Demonstration, which will be initiated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in 2007, to test whether risk reduction programs developed in the private sector can achieve health improvements among seniors and a positive return on investment for the Medicare program. C1 [Goetzel, Ron Z.; Ozminkowski, Ronald J.] Cornell Univ, Inst Hlth & Prod Studies, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Shechter, David] Thomson Medstat, Hlth & Prod Res, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Stapleton, David C.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Inst Policy Res, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Lapin, Pauline J.] Ctr Medicare Serv, Off Res Dev & Informat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lapin, Pauline J.] Ctr Medicaid Serv, Off Res Dev & Informat, Baltimore, MD USA. [McGinnis, J. Michael] Natl Acad, Natl Acad Sci, Inst Med, Washington, DC USA. [Gordon, Catherine R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Washington, DC USA. [Breslow, Lester] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Goetzel, RZ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Hlth & Prod Studies, 4301 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM ron.goetzel@thomson.com FU Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Medicare Research and Demonstrations [500-00-0034] FX Funding for this project was provided by The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Medicare Research and Demonstrations Contract #500-00-0034. The authors wish to thank Maryam Tabrizi and Meghan Short for their help in the final preparation of the article. Also, we would like to thank the reviewer(s) of this paper for their comments, which strengthened the manuscript. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1176-9092 J9 CLIN INTERV AGING JI Clin. Interv. Aging PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.2147/ciia.2007.2.1.117 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA V21WS UT WOS:000208238300014 PM 18044084 ER PT J AU Rogers, HS McCullough, J Kieszak, S Caldwell, KL Jones, RL Rubin, C AF Rogers, Helen Schurz McCullough, Joel Kieszak, Stephanie Caldwell, Kathleen L. Jones, Robert L. Rubin, Carol TI Exposure assessment of young children living in Chicago communities with historic reports of ritualistic use of mercury SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mercury; exposure; ritualistic; urine; blood; children ID DENTAL AMALGAM; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; URINE; BLOOD; FILLINGS; VAPOR; HAIR AB Objective. According to a 1997 finding, mercury was available for sale in several Chicago communities for use in spiritual or medicinal practice. Mercury used this way may impact the health of children. The Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a study to 1) quantity mercury exposure in biological specimens collected from a pediatric clinic or home visit in selected neighborhoods in Chicago, and 2) investigate possible sources of mercury exposure in homes. Methods. An exposure assessment study design was chosen to determine whether children living in Chicago communities that historically sold mercury were exposed to mercury vapor. We enrolled and collected biological samples from 306 children aged 2-10 years. In addition, we enrolled 42 children during a door-to-door survey of community residents. All the urine samples were analyzed for elemental or inorganic mercury. We also analyzed 43 blood samples to assess dietary mercury. Results. Overall geometric mean urine mercury was 0.26 mu g/L. Urine mercury levels did not differ among the three clinics or between the various participant groups. We did not find any association between ritualistic mercury use and exposure to mercury. Conclusions. Although pediatric mercury exposure does not appear to be problematic among our study population, mercury remains a potential health threat as long as it is readily available in communities. Healthcare providers should be aware of the potential for mercury exposure. Physicians and patients may call the National Poison Control Centers (1-800-222-1222) for information about diagnosis, testing, and treatment for all types of exposures, including exposure to mercury. Professionals are available 24 hours a day. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Environm Hlth, Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rogers, HS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM HSchurzRogers@cdc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1080/15563650601031643 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 160EL UT WOS:000245923600003 PM 17453874 ER PT J AU Azziz-Baumgartner, E Luber, G Schurz-Rogers, H Backer, L Belson, M Kieszak, S Caldwell, K Lee, B Jones, R Todd, R Rubin, C AF Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo Luber, G. Schurz-Rogers, H. Backer, L. Belson, M. Kieszak, S. Caldwell, K. Lee, B. Jones, R. Todd, R. Rubin, C. TI Exposure assessment of a mercury spill in a Nevada school - 2004 SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elemental; mercury; exposure; Nevada; school ID ELEMENTAL MERCURY; CHILDREN; CONSEQUENCES; EMERGENCY AB Background. Although mercury is toxic, few studies have measured exposure in children who handled elemental mercury briefly. In 2004, a student spilled approximately 60 milliliters of mercury at a Nevada school. Within 12 hours, all students were removed from the source of exposure. We conducted an exposure assessment at the school. Methods. We administered questionnaires and obtained urine samples from students. Using two-sample t-tests, we compared urine mercury levels from students who self-reported exposure to mercury levels of other students. Results. Two-hundred students participated, including 55/62 (89%) who were decontaminated. The students' geometric mean urine mercury level was 0.36 mu g/L (95% confidence interval 0.32-0.40 mu g/L). The student who brought the mercury to school was the only one to have an elevated urine mercury level (11.4 mu g/L). Conclusion. Despite environmental contamination, mercury exposure may have been minimized because of rapid identification of the elemental mercury spill and decontamination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Inorgan Toxicants & Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Nevada State Hlth Div, Carson City, NV USA. RP Azziz-Baumgartner, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eha9@cdc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; Jones, Robert/E-1170-2011 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 391 EP 395 DI 10.1080/15563650601031569 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 173NA UT WOS:000246878600003 PM 17486480 ER PT J AU McGovern, MM Elles, R Beretta, I Somerville, MJ Hoefler, G Keinanen, M Barton, D Carson, N Dequeker, E Brdicka, R Blazkova, A Ayme, S Schnieders, B Muller, CR Dalen, V Martinez, AA Kristoffersson, U Ozguc, M Mueller, H Boone, J Lubin, IM Sequeiros, J Taruscios, D Williamson, B Mainland, L Yoshikura, H Ronchi, E AF McGovern, Margaret M. Elles, Rob Beretta, Isabella Somerville, Martin J. Hoefler, Gerald Keinanen, Mauri Barton, David Carson, Nancy Dequeker, Elisabeth Brdicka, Radim Blazkova, Alena Ayme, Segolene Schnieders, Birgit Mueller, Clemens R. Dalen, Vibeke Martinez, Armando Albert Kristoffersson, Ulf Ozguc, Meral Mueller, Hansjakob Boone, Joe Lubin, Ira M. Sequeiros, Jorge Taruscios, Domenica Williamson, Bob Mainland, Lynn Yoshikura, Hiroshi Ronchi, Elettra TI Report of an international survey of molecular genetic testing laboratories SO COMMUNITY GENETICS LA English DT Article DE molecular genetic testing; quality assurance; genetic tests, reporting; proficiency testing; genetics test regulation ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE AB Objective: To collect data on the practices of molecular genetic testing (MGT) laboratories for the development of national and international policies for quality assurance (QA). Methods: A web-based survey of MGT laboratory directors (n = 827; response rate 63%) in 18 countries on 3 continents. QA and reporting indices were developed and calculated for each responding laboratory. Results: Laboratory setting varied among and within countries, as did qualifications of the directors. Respondents in every country indicated that their laboratory receives specimens from outside their national borders (64%, n = 529). Pair-wise comparisons of the QA index revealed a significant association with the director having formal training in molecular genetics (p < 0.005), affiliation with a genetics unit (p = 0.003), accreditation of the laboratory (p < 0.005) and participation in proficiency testing (p < 0.005). Research labs had a lower mean report score compared to all other settings (p < 0.05) as did laboratories accessioning <150 samples per year. Conclusion: MGT is provided under widely varying conditions and regulatory frameworks. The data provided here may be a useful guide for policy action at both governmental and professional levels. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Lab Practice Evaluat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Genom Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Genet Ref Lab, Manchester, Lancs, England. Fed Off Educ & Sci, Bern, Switzerland. Univ Basel, Div Med Genet, UKBB, Basel, Switzerland. Univ Alberta, Dept Med Genet, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Pediat, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Genet Diagnost Lab, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada. Graz Univ, Dept Pathol, Graz, Austria. Labquality, Helsinki, Finland. Natl Ctr Med Genet, Dublin, Ireland. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Human Genet, European CF Network, Louvain, Belgium. Hop Broussais, Orphanet, Paris, France. Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, France. Univ Wurzburg, Dept Human Genet, D-8700 Wurzburg, Germany. Ctr Sci Informat & Documentat, Madrid, Spain. Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, S-22185 Lund, Sweden. Univ Porto, Inst Mol & Cell Biol, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. Ist Super Sanita, Natl Ctr Rare Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. Hacettepe Univ, Ankara, Turkey. Inst Hematol & Blood Transfus, CR-12820 Prague, Czech Republic. Dept Int Cooperat Res & Dev, Minist Educ Youth & Sports, Prague, Czech Republic. Fed Minist Hlth & Social Secur, Bonn, Germany. Div Hlth Care & Social Serv, Directorate Hlth & Social Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP McGovern, MM (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Box 1497,100th St & 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM margaret.mcgovern@mssm.edu RI Hoefler, Gerald/B-7006-2008; TARUSCIO, DOMENICA/A-6646-2015; Hoefler, Gerald/H-1796-2016; OI TARUSCIO, DOMENICA/0000-0001-5403-233X; Hoefler, Gerald/0000-0002-9056-3063; Sequeiros, Jorge/0000-0002-9846-1037; Barton, David E/0000-0002-2031-9719 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-2795 J9 COMMUNITY GENET JI Community Genet. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1159/000101753 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 181GM UT WOS:000247425200001 PM 17575456 ER PT J AU Davis, RL Khoury, MJ AF Davis, Robert L. Khoury, Muin J. TI The emergence of biobanks: Practical design considerations for large population-based studies of gene-environiment interactions SO COMMUNITY GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE biobank; cohort; case-control study; gene-environment interaction ID DISEASE; HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ICELAND; COHORT; BANK; US AB The completion of the human genome project has spurred new thinking about launching large-scale cohort studies; as proposed, these studies will differ from past large-scale cohort studies and will focus primarily on how genetic variation interacts with environmental exposures to affect the risk for common human diseases. There is no single 'best design' for large-scale studies of gene-environment interactions. Some studies are best performed in cohort studies where unbiased information can be collected on individuals years before disease onset. Other studies may be most efficiently done with a case-control design using currently available automated data. Population-based biobanks with nested case-control or case-cohort studies offer distinct advantages to some of the resource-intensive large-scale cohort studies under consideration, and may be more acceptable to many of the countries around the world currently considering such projects. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rad2@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-2795 J9 COMMUNITY GENET JI Community Genet. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP 181 EP 185 DI 10.1159/000101760 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 181GM UT WOS:000247425200008 PM 17575463 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Adler, PH Ratti, O Malmqvist, B Strasevicius, D AF Reeves, Will K. Adler, Peter H. Ratti, Osmo Malmqvist, Bjorn Strasevicius, Darius TI Molecular detection of Trypanosoma (Kinetoplastida : Trypanosomatidae) in black flies (Diptera : Simuliidae) SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black fly; Coxiella burnetii; Diptera; Finland; Kinetoplastida; Metacnephia tyra; Simuliidae; Simylium vernum; Trypanosoma avium ID TRANSMISSION; BLOOD; PHYLOGENY; CANARIES AB Black flies transmit bacteria, nematodes, protozoa, and viruses to birds and mammals, but are poorly studied as vectors of these agents, relative to other biting flies. Using the polymerase chain reaction, we screened 133 wild-caught female black flies of 18 species for Coxiella burnetii. Leucocytozoon spp., Trypanosoma spp., and Wolbachia spp. of filarial nematodes. We detected DNA of Trypanosoma avium in Metacnephia lyra and Simulium vernum from Finland. Further research is needed to determine the vectorial capacity of M. lyra and S. vernum in the transmission of T. avium to birds. We did not detect DNA of other agents. C1 Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, FIN-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, POB 122, FIN-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland. EM wreeves@gmail.com RI Ratti, Osmo/L-4439-2013 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 74 IS 1 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1654/4243.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 134MT UT WOS:000244088200020 ER PT S AU Homce, GT Cawley, JC AF Homce, Gerald T. Cawley, James C. GP IEEE TI Understanding and Quantifying Arc Flash Hazards in the Mining Industry SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2007 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE FORTY-SECOND IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS. 1-5 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE electrical arcing; electrical burns; mining; arc flash hazard analysis AB Arc flash generally refers to the dangerous exposure to thermal energy released by an arcing fault on an electrical power system, and in recent years, arc flash hazards have become a prominent safety issue in many industries. This problem however, has not been effectively addressed in the mining industry. MSHA data for the period 1990 through 2001 attributes 836 injuries to "non-contact electric arc burns", making it the most common cause of electrical injury in mining. This paper presents results from several elements of a recent NIOSH study of arc flash hazards in mining, and provides information and recommendations that can help reduce these injuries. Characteristics of past arc flash injuries in mining are first outlined, such as the electrical components and work activities involved (based on MSHA data). This is followed by a review of important concepts and terminology needed to understand this hazard. Next, methods for identifying, measuring, and managing arc flash hazards on a power system are covered, with emphasis on recommendations found in NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. Finally, results are presented from a detailed arc flash hazard analysis performed on a sample mine electrical power system using IEEE 1584-2004a, focusing on components and locations presenting severe hazards as well as engineering solutions for reducing the risk to personnel. C1 [Homce, Gerald T.; Cawley, James C.] NIOSH, US DHHS, CDC, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Homce, GT (reprint author), NIOSH, US DHHS, CDC, Pittsburgh Res Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,POB 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-1260-0 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2007 BP 1364 EP 1372 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BIK96 UT WOS:000260446900204 ER PT S AU Cawley, JC Homce, GT AF Cawley, James C. Homce, Gerald T. GP IEEE TI Protecting Miners from Electrical Arcing Injury SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2007 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE FORTY-SECOND IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS. 1-5 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE arc; electrical arcing; PPE; burns; electrical shock; flame resistant; FIR clothing; mining AB Electrical arcing injuries are the most common form of electrical injury in mining. MSHA data show that 381 "non-contact electric arc burn" injuries occurred in the mining industry from 1996 - 2005. A more detailed study of data front 1990-2001 showed that five types of apparatus - circuit breakers, conductors, nonpowered hand tools, electrical meters and test leads, and connectors and plugs were involved in two-thirds of the lost workday injuries. Many of the protections from electrical arcing injury available to workers in other industries stem from the application of National Fire Protection Association Standard 70E - Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace (NFPA 70E). NFPA 70E is a generally accepted industry guideline document, but excludes underground mining from its scope. Many of its practices and procedures, however, can be applied in the mining workplace to supplement the existing electrical safety requirements of Title 30 Code of Federal Regulations. This paper describes how NFPA 70E can he applied to mining workplaces after an analysis of the mine power system electrical arcing hazards has been completed (and Hazard/Risk Categories determined) using the tables from NFPA 70E or the calculation method as described in IEEE 1584. NFPA 70E can then be used to determine the levels and types of personal protective equipment (PPE) needed to protect miners against burn injuries. Appropriate lockout and tagout (LOTO) procedures for use in the mining industry are also described. Suggestions for better selection of electrically-rated hand tools are included. Recommendations for electrical meter selection and use based on transient withstand capability are also discussed. C1 [Cawley, James C.; Homce, Gerald T.] NIOSH, US DHHS, CDC, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Cawley, JC (reprint author), NIOSH, US DHHS, CDC, Pittsburgh Res Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,POB 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-1260-0 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2007 BP 1373 EP 1380 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BIK96 UT WOS:000260446900205 ER PT J AU Kothera, L Richards, CM Carney, SE AF Kothera, Linda Richards, Christopher M. Carney, Shanna E. TI Genetic diversity and structure in the rare Colorado endemic plant Physaria bellii Mulligan (Brassicaceae) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ISSR; Physaria; naturally rare plant; dominant markers ID CONSERVATION GENETICS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; MARKERS; DNA; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; AMPLIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; SUBDIVISION; DISTANCE AB Physaria bellii (Brassicaceae) is a rare, outcrossing perennial endemic to shale and sandstone outcrops along the Front Range of northern Colorado, USA. This species is locally abundant, but ranked G2/S2-imperiled because of threats to its habitat and a small number of populations-according to Nature-Serve's standardized ranking system. Leaf tissue from ten populations was analyzed with ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat) markers to discern the amount of genetic diversity and degree of population subdivision in P. bellii. Genetic diversity was moderate (0.22) and a moderately high degree of population structure was found (F-ST calculated using two algorithms ranged from 0.17 to 0.24). An AMOVA partitioned most of the variation among individuals within populations (76%), and the remainder among populations (24%). Results from a Principal Coordinates analysis were consistent with the geographic distribution of populations. A Mantel test of the correlation between genetic and geographic distances was highly significant (P < 0.001). The pattern of variation thus appears to be distributed along a gradient, and efforts to conserve this species should involve preserving enough populations so that gene flow between populations is not interrupted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resourse Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Kothera, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3501 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM LKothera@cdc.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1043 EP 1050 DI 10.1007/s10592-006-9252-4 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 201RQ UT WOS:000248850700004 ER PT J AU Corneli, AL Piwoz, EG Bentley, ME Moses, A Nkhoma, JR Tohill, BC Adair, L Mtimuni, B Ahmed, Y Duerr, A Kazembe, P van der Horst, C AF Corneli, Amy L. Piwoz, Ellen G. Bentley, Margaret E. Moses, Agnes Nkhoma, Jacqueline R. Tohill, Beth Carlton Adair, Linda Mtimuni, Beatrice Ahmed, Yusuf Duerr, Ann Kazembe, Peter van der Horst, Charles CA UNC Project BAN Study Team TI Involving communities in the design of clinical trial protocols: The BAN Study in Lilongwe, Malawi SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE qualitative research; ethics; clinical trial; HIV; Africa ID HIV-1 TRANSMISSION; WOMEN AB Objective: To learn the attitudes and concerns of the local community on participating in research, infant feeding practices, and maternal nutrition in order to inform the design of a clinical trial in Lilongwe, Malawi on the safety and efficacy of antiretroviral and nutrition interventions to reduce postnatal transmission of HIV Design: Formative research methods were used, including semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, home observations, and taste trials. Data were collected, analyzed, and incorporated into the protocol within 3 months. Results: Participants were supportive of the clinical trial, although their overall understanding of research was limited. Mothers agreed that infants' blood could be drawn by venipuncture, yet concern was raised about the amount of blood proposed to be collected from both infants and mothers. Data demonstrated that rapid breastfeeding cessation would be difficult and malnutrition could be a risk if infants were weaned early. Mothers selected a maternal supplement suitable for use in the clinical trial. Conclusions: The protocol was rapidly modified to achieve cultural acceptability while maintaining study objectives. Without the formative research, several significant areas would have been undetected and may have jeopardized the implementation of the trial. Additional research was carried out to develop a meaningful informed consent process, the amount of blood collected was reduced to acceptable levels, and the protocol was modified to reduce the risk of malnutrition. Researchers who conduct clinical trials are encouraged to incorporate formative research into their protocol design to ensure participant understanding of the research, to safeguard participants, and to increase feasibility and acceptance of the clinical research in the community. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Acad Educat Dev, Washington, DC USA. UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Bunda Coll Agr, Bunda, Malawi. Kamuzu Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Corneli, AL (reprint author), Family Hlth Int, POB 13950, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM acorneli@fhi.org FU FIC NIH HHS [2-D43 TW01039-06]; NCCDPHP CDC HHS [26-04U48-DP000059-01, U48 DP000059]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30-AI50410, P30 AI050410-04, P30 AI050410]; PHS HHS [U48-CCU409660-09] NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD JAN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2006.08.003 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 118ZI UT WOS:000242981600007 PM 17000137 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Morse, SA Oncu, S AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Morse, Stephen A. Oncu, Serkan TI The seminal literature of Anthrax research SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; zoonotic; vaccine; text mining; Citation-Assisted Background; literature survey ID TOXIN PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; LETHAL FACTOR CLEAVES; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; INHALATION ANTHRAX; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; KINASE-KINASE; N-TERMINUS AB A chronically weak area in research papers, reports, and reviews is the complete identification of seminal background documents that formed the building blocks for these papers. A method for systematically determining these seminal references is presented. Citation-Assisted Background (CAB) is based on the assumption that seminal documents tend to be highly cited. Application of CAB to the field of Anthrax research is presented. While CAB is a highly systematic approach for identifying seminal references, it is not a substitute for the judgment of the researchers, and serves as a supplement. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Adnan Menderes Univ, Fac Med, Aydin, Turkey. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil RI Oncu, Serkan/E-4324-2013 NR 82 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1040-841X J9 CRIT REV MICROBIOL JI Crit. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1080/10408410701451930 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 195MH UT WOS:000248415800003 PM 17653986 ER PT J AU Stratford, D Ellerbrock, TV Chamblee, S AF Stratford, Dale Ellerbrock, Tedd V. Chamblee, Sandra TI Social organization of sexual-economic networks and the persistence of HIV in a rural area in the USA SO CULTURE HEALTH & SEXUALITY LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; sexual economic networks; rural; USA; social organisation of risk ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; 3 AMERICAN CITIES; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; CRACK COCAINE; RISK BEHAVIOR; BELLE-GLADE; FLORIDA; COMMUNITY; CONTEXT AB In order to determine why high rates of HIV transmission have persisted in a rural area despite community-wide HIV prevention since the mid-1980s, qualitative information was collected about the contexts and social organization of risk behaviour for HIV transmission from residents of a southern Florida community with high HIV prevalence. Original data were collected during 1995 1997 using individual interviews, observations, focus groups, and print media. The research findings were recently reviewed by community members, and the relevance of the data in the present day context was confirmed. We identified risk behaviours including multiple sex partners within heterosexual networks that cross socioeconomic strata and include adults and young people, sex workers, men who have sex with men, prison inmates, truckers, and migrant workers. Crack cocaine was an important feature of some networks. Financial support from multiple male or female sex partners was often part of a personal economic strategy and overlaid traditional social support networks. This type of relationship appears to be historically integrated into the economic fabric of the community and is not likely to receive social censure. Sexual reciprocity may explain, in part, why HIV transmission is rising among women in rural southern communities that have depressed economies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent PRB, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Stratford, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent PRB, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbs8@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1369-1058 J9 CULT HEALTH SEX JI Cult. Health Sex PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 121 EP 135 DI 10.1080/13691050600976650 PG 15 WC Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 151TN UT WOS:000245313800002 PM 17364721 ER PT J AU Mitchell, K Wellings, K Elam, G Erens, B Fenton, K Johnson, A AF Mitchell, Kirstin Wellings, Kaye Elam, Gillian Erens, Bob Fenton, Kevin Johnson, Anne TI How can we facilitate reliable reporting in surveys of sexual behaviour? Evidence from qualitative research SO CULTURE HEALTH & SEXUALITY LA English DT Article DE reliability; sexual behaviour; survey; methodology; qualitative research ID HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; SELF-REPORTS; METHODOLOGICAL EXPERIMENT; COGNITIVE INTERVIEW; MEASUREMENT ERROR; RELIABILITY; WOMEN; PARTNERSHIPS; QUESTIONS; BRITAIN AB Methodological studies examining the veracity of sexual behaviour reports frequently focus on the source of unreliable, inaccurate or inconsistent responses. This paper, instead, explores the means by which respondents might be assisted in providing an accurate account of their sexual experience. We present findings from a survey development study ( second Great Britain National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, development phase), which used in-depth interviews to explore respondents' experiences of completing a pilot survey of sexual behaviour. Follow up interviews were conducted across the UK with 36 of the pilot survey sample ( n=5897). We explored factors that aided reliable reporting in each research format ( survey and in-depth interview), as well as factors facilitating consistent reporting across formats. We show that factors such as assurances of confidentiality, survey legitimacy, rapport between interviewer and respondent and perceptions of the therapeutic benefit of disclosure can assist accurate disclosure across both survey and in-depth interview. We draw upon the strengths of qualitative methodology to make recommendations for future survey research. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, PEHRU, London WC1E 7HT, England. Hlth Protect Agcy, Dept HIV & STIs, London, England. Natl Ctr Social Res, Hlth & Lifestyles Res Grp, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. UCL, London, England. RP Mitchell, K (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, PEHRU, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM kirstin.mitchell@lshtm.ac.uk OI Mitchell, Kirstin/0000-0002-4409-6601 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1369-1058 J9 CULT HEALTH SEX JI Cult. Health Sex PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 519 EP 531 DI 10.1080/13691050701432561 PG 13 WC Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 205QB UT WOS:000249128600006 PM 17687676 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Chapman, DP Flowers, N AF Strine, Tara W. Chapman, Daniel P. Flowers, Nicole TI Psychological distress and impaired quality of life common among community-dwelling adults with lower gastrointestinal disorders SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE gastrointestinal diseases; quality of life; comorbidity; mental health; surveillance ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; DISEASE; POPULATION; SEVERITY; ILLNESS; SYMPTOMS; ANXIETY; IMPACT; CARE AB This study examines the comparison of psychological well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between adults with and without lower gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and between adults with lower GI disorders and those with other common chronic illnesses. Data of adults aged 18 years or older from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey (n=29,828) were analyzed. Approximately 5.4% of survey participants reported they had been told by a physician that they had lower GI disorders. Those reporting lower GI disorders were 1.8 times more likely to meet the criteria for serious mental illness (SMI) and were significantly more likely to report impaired HRQOL than those without GI disorders. In addition, those with lower GI disorders were significantly more likely than those with heart disease and diabetes and equally as likely as those with arthritis and asthma to meet the criteria for SMI. Because psychological comorbidity is common among adults with lower GI disorders and may complicate their course and treatment, clinicians should consider screening patients presenting with lower GI disorders for these comorbid conditions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1007/s10620-006-9466-9 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 125SN UT WOS:000243462900011 PM 17171447 ER PT J AU Honein, MA Lindstrom, JA Kweder, SL AF Honein, Margaret A. Lindstrom, Jill A. Kweder, Sandra L. TI Can we ensure the safe use of known human teratogens? The iPLEDGE (TM) test case SO DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article ID RETINOIC ACID; BIRTH-DEFECTS; ISOTRETINOIN; PREGNANCIES AB Minimising the public health burden of isotretinoin-induced teratogenicity has been a challenge for 24 years, the duration of availability of isotretinoin in the US for the treatment of severe, recalcitrant nodular acne. Although the teratogenicity of this drug is well known and risk-management programmes had been implemented, preventable fetal exposures continued to occur, largely as a result of the lack of sufficient controls within the programmes themselves. The manufacturers of isotretinoin implemented a new risk-management programme, iPLEDGE (TM), in March 2006. iPLEDGE (TM) is a comprehensive distribution system that includes mandatory registration of patients, healthcare providers, pharmacies, and wholesalers. It allows real-time linkage of pregnancy-test results for verification prior to the dispensing of isotretinoin. Although the challenges of implementing a closed distribution system for a very widely used medication have been extensive, the potential public health benefits from preventing fetal exposure to isotretinoin are substantial. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0114-5916 J9 DRUG SAFETY JI Drug Saf. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.2165/00002018-200730010-00002 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 129OX UT WOS:000243739900002 PM 17194167 ER PT J AU Peters, PJ Thigpen, MC Parise, ME Newman, RD AF Peters, Philip J. Thigpen, Michael C. Parise, Monica E. Newman, Robert D. TI Safety and toxicity of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine - Implications for malaria prevention in pregnancy using intermittent preventive treatment SO DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Review ID PYRIMETHAMINE-SULFADOXINE FANSIDAR; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII-PNEUMONIA; FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; SEVERE CUTANEOUS REACTIONS; STEVENS-JOHNSON-SYNDROME AB Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy is strongly associated with maternal anaemia and low birth weight, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) has been one of the most effective approaches to reduce the burden of malaria during pregnancy in Africa. IPTp-SP is based on administering >= 2 treatment doses of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine to pregnant women at predefined intervals after quickening (around 18-20 weeks). Randomised, controlled trials have demonstrated decreased rates of maternal anaemia and low birth weight with this approach. The WHO currently recommends IPTp-SP in malaria-endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa. However, implementation has been suboptimal in part because of concerns of potential drug toxicities. This review evaluates the toxicity data of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, including severe cutaneous adverse reactions, teratogenicity and alterations in bilirubin metabolism. Weekly sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine prophylaxis is associated with rare but potentially fatal cutaneous reactions. Fortunately, sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine use in IPTp programmes in Africa, with 2-4 treatment doses over 6 months, has been well tolerated in multiple IPTp trials. However, sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine should not be administered concurrently with cotrimoxazole given their redundant mechanisms of action and synergistic worsening of adverse drug reactions. Therefore, HIV-infected pregnant women in malaria endemic areas who are already receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis should not also receive IPTp-SP. Although folate antagonist use in the first trimester is associated with neural tube defects, large case-control studies have demonstrated that sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine administered as IPTp (exclusively in the second and third trimesters and after organogenesis) does not result in an increased risk of teratogenesis. Folic acid supplementation is recommended for all pregnant women to reduce the rate of congenital anomalies but high doses of folic acid (5 mg/day) may interfere with the antimalarial efficacy of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine. However, the recommended standard dose of folic acid supplementation (0.4 mg/day) does not affect antimalarial efficacy and may provide the optimal balance to prevent neural tube defects and maintain the effectiveness of IPTp-SP. No clinical association between sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine use and kernicterus has been reported despite the extensive use of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine and related compounds to treat maternal malaria and congenital toxoplasmosis in near-term pregnant women and newborns. Although few drugs in pregnancy can be considered completely safe, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine - when delivered as IPTp - has a favourable safety profile. Improved pharmacovigilance programmes throughout Africa are now needed to confirm its safety as access to IPTp-SP increases. Given the documented benefits of IPTp-SP in malaria endemic areas of Africa, access to this treatment for pregnant women should continue to expand. C1 Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Peters, PJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM pjpeters@cdc.gov NR 187 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 10 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0114-5916 J9 DRUG SAFETY JI Drug Saf. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 481 EP 501 DI 10.2165/00002018-200730060-00003 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 181PB UT WOS:000247447500003 PM 17536875 ER PT B AU Ortiz, JR Uyeki, TM AF Ortiz, Justin R. Uyeki, Timothy M. BE Scheld, WM Hooper, DC Hughes, JM TI Avian influenza A (H5N1) virus SO Emerging Infections 7 SE Emerging Infections (Series) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2004 CL Washington, DC ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HONG-KONG; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN-DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; OSELTAMIVIR; OUTBREAK; H9N2; ASIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ortiz, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 90 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-377-2 J9 EMERG INFECT PY 2007 VL 7 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA BFT10 UT WOS:000244480200001 ER PT B AU Damon, I AF Damon, Inger BE Scheld, WM Hooper, DC Hughes, JM TI Monkeypox virus: Insights on its emergence in human populations SO Emerging Infections 7 SE Emerging Infections (Series) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2004 CL Washington, DC ID PRAIRIE DOGS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; ATTACK RATES; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; SMALLPOX; CONGO; FEATURES; ORTHOPOXVIRUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Damon, I (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-377-2 J9 EMERG INFECT PY 2007 VL 7 BP 85 EP 97 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA BFT10 UT WOS:000244480200005 ER PT B AU Petersen, LR AF Petersen, Lyle R. BE Scheld, WM Hooper, DC Hughes, JM TI West Nile virus SO Emerging Infections 7 SE Emerging Infections (Series) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2004 CL Washington, DC ID ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; NEW-YORK-CITY; ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; UNITED-STATES; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; FIELD-EVALUATION; REPELLENT FORMULATIONS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; MOSQUITO REPELLENTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Petersen, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 146 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-377-2 J9 EMERG INFECT PY 2007 VL 7 BP 99 EP + PG 22 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA BFT10 UT WOS:000244480200006 ER PT B AU Arrowood, MJ Ortega, YR Xiao, LX Fayer, R AF Arrowood, Michael J. Ortega, Ynes R. Xiao, Lihua X. Fayer, Ronald BE Scheld, WM Hooper, DC Hughes, JM TI Emerging food- and waterborne protozoan diseases SO Emerging Infections 7 SE Emerging Infections (Series) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2004 CL Washington, DC ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DAY-CARE-CENTER; CYCLOSPORA-CAYETANENSIS INFECTION; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM INFECTION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; N. SP APICOMPLEXA; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; SWIMMING POOL; DRINKING-WATER C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Arrowood, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 222 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-377-2 J9 EMERG INFECT PY 2007 VL 7 BP 283 EP 308 PG 26 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA BFT10 UT WOS:000244480200015 ER PT J AU Palacios, G Quan, PL Jabado, OJ Conlan, S Hirschberg, DL Liu, Y Zhai, J Renwick, N Hui, J Hegyi, H Grolla, A Strong, JE Towner, JS Geisbert, TW Jahrling, PB Buechen-Osmond, C Ellerbrok, H Sanchez-Seco, MP Lussier, Y Formenty, P Nichol, ST Feldmann, H Briese, T Lipkin, WI AF Palacios, Gustavo Quan, Phenix-Lan Jabado, Omar J. Conlan, Sean Hirschberg, David L. Liu, Yang Zhai, Junhui Renwick, Neil Hui, Jeffrey Hegyi, Hedi Grolla, Allen Strong, James E. Towner, Jonathan S. Geisbert, Thomas W. Jahrling, Peter B. Buechen-Osmond, Cornelia Ellerbrok, Heinz Sanchez-Seco, Maria Paz Lussier, Yves Formenty, Pierre Nichol, Stuart T. Feldmann, Heinz Briese, Thomas Lipkin, W. Ian TI Panmicrobial oligonucleotide array for diagnosis of infectious diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS; VIRUS-INFECTION; HUMAN MONKEYPOX; PATHOGENS; CORONAVIRUS; ALIGNMENT; OUTBREAK; CONGO AB To facilitate rapid, unbiased, differential diagnosis of infectious diseases, we designed GreeneChipPm, a panmicrobial microarray comprising 29,455 sixty-mer oligonucleotide probes for vertebrate viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Methods for nucleic acid preparation, random primed PCR amplification, and labeling were optimized to allow the sensitivity required for application with nucleic acid extracted from clinical materials and cultured isolates. Analysis of nasopharyngeal aspirates, blood, urine, and tissue from persons with various infectious diseases confirmed the presence of viruses and bacteria identified by other methods, and implicated Plasmodium falciparum in an unexplained fatal case of hemorrhagic feverlike disease during the Marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Angola in 2004-2005. C1 Columbia Univ, Jerome L & Dawn Greene Infect Dis Lab, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Inst Enzymol, Budapest, Hungary. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Integrated Res Facil, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Inst Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Lipkin, WI (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Jerome L & Dawn Greene Infect Dis Lab, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 722 W 168th St,Rm 1801, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM wil2001@columbia.edu RI Jabado, Omar/B-3406-2008; Palacios, Gustavo/I-7773-2015; OI Palacios, Gustavo/0000-0001-5062-1938; Lussier, Yves/0000-0001-9854-1005 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI070411, AI056118, AI51292, AI55466, R01 AI051292, R21 AI055466, R21 AI056118, U01AI070411, U54 AI057158, U54AI57158]; NLM NIH HHS [K22 LM008308, K22 LM008308-04] NR 24 TC 187 Z9 198 U1 1 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 128XH UT WOS:000243692500011 PM 17370518 ER PT J AU Sunenshine, RH Wright, MO Maragakis, LL Harris, AD Song, X Hebden, J Cosgrove, SE Anderson, A Carnell, J Jernigan, DB Kleinbaum, DG Perl, TM Standiford, HC Srinivasan, A AF Sunenshine, Rebecca H. Wright, Marc-Oliver Maragakis, Lisa L. Harris, Anthony D. Song, Xiaoyan Hebden, Joan Cosgrove, Sara E. Anderson, Ashley Carnell, Jennifer Jernigan, Daniel B. Kleinbaum, David G. Perl, Trish M. Standiford, Harold C. Srinivasan, Arjun TI Multildrug-resistant Acinetobacter infection mortality rate and length of hospitalization SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS BACTEREMIA; INITIAL ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; OF-STAY; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; MATCHED COHORT AB Acinetobacter infections have increased and gained attention because of the organism's prolonged environmental survival and propensity to develop antimicrobial drug resistance. The effect of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter infection on clinical outcomes has not been reported. A retrospective, matched cohort investigation was performed at 2 Baltimore hospitals to examine outcomes of patients with MDR Acinetobacter infection compared with patients with susceptible Acinetobacter infections and patients without Acinetobacter infections. Multivariable analysis controlling for severity of illness and underlying disease identified an independent association between patients with MDR Acinetobacter infection (n = 96) and increased hospital and intensive care unit length of stay compared with 91 patients with susceptible Acinetobacter infection (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-5.2 and OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.3] respectively) and 89 uninfected patients (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-5.4 and OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.5-11.6] respectively). Increased hospitalization associated with MDR Acinetobacter infection emphasizes the need for infection control strategies to prevent cross-transmission in healthcare settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM beu8@cdc.gov FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [K01 CI000300, 1 K01 CI000300-1] NR 33 TC 185 Z9 200 U1 1 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 128XH UT WOS:000243692500014 PM 17370521 ER PT J AU Shafir, SC Wang, W Sorvillo, FJ Wise, ME Moore, L Sorvillo, T Eberhard, ML AF Shafir, Shira C. Wang, Wei Sorvillo, Frank J. Wise, Matthew E. Moore, Laurel Sorvillo, Teresa Eberhard, Mark L. TI Thermal death point of Baylisascaris procyonis eggs SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID ASCARIS-SUUM; ANTIGENS; RACCOONS C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shafir, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Rm 41-275,650 Charles E Young Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM sshafir@ucla.edu FU PHS HHS [S3059] NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 172 EP 173 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 128XH UT WOS:000243692500033 PM 17370540 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Exploding Totem in art and biology SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 185 EP 186 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 128XH UT WOS:000243692500042 PM 17370548 ER PT S AU Mahy, BWJ AF Mahy, Brian W. J. BE Tabor, E TI History of Emerging Viruses in the Late 20th Century and the Paradigm Observed in an Emerging Prion Disease SO EMERGING VIRUSES IN HUMAN POPULATIONS SE Perspectives in Medical Virology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; NON-B-HEPATITIS; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; TRANSFUSION-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS; DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AIDS; NON-A; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mahy, BWJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7069 BN 978-0-08-046790-0 J9 PERSP MED V JI Perspect. Med. Virol. PY 2007 VL 16 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0168-7069(06)16002-4 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA BCR90 UT WOS:000311223400002 ER PT S AU Smith, TL AF Smith, Theresa L. BE Tabor, E TI The Emerging West Nile Virus: From the Old World to the New SO EMERGING VIRUSES IN HUMAN POPULATIONS SE Perspectives in Medical Virology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; FEVER OUTBREAK; AMERICAN CROWS; EPIDEMIC; TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Smith, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 115 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7069 BN 978-0-08-046790-0 J9 PERSP MED V JI Perspect. Med. Virol. PY 2007 VL 16 BP 133 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S0168-7069(06)16006-1 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA BCR90 UT WOS:000311223400006 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Needham, LL AF Calafat, Antonia M. Needham, Larry L. BA Gore, AC BF Gore, AC TI Human Exposures and Body Burdens of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals SO ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS: FROM BASIC RESEARCH TO CLINICAL PRACTICE SE Contemporary Endocrinology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SERUM DIOXIN CONCENTRATIONS; URINARY PHTHALATE METABOLITES; HUMAN REFERENCE POPULATION; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; YU-CHENG CHILDREN; BREAST-MILK CONTAMINATION C1 [Calafat, Antonia M.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 137 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-59745-107-9 J9 CONTEMP ENDOCRINOL S PY 2007 BP 253 EP 268 DI 10.1007/1-59745-107-X_11 D2 10.1007/1-59745-107-X PG 16 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BNF96 UT WOS:000274470500011 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA Salamanca-Buentello, F AF Schulte, Paul A. Salamanca-Buentello, Fabio TI Ethical and scientific issues of nanotechnology in the workplace SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE ethics; hazards; nanotechnology; occupational safety and health; particles; toxicology ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT; PULMONARY TOXICITY; 6 DOMAINS; PARTICLES; NANOTOXICOLOGY; RISK; MICE; INHALATION; TOXICOLOGY AB In the absence of scientific clarity about the potential health effects of occupational exposure to nanoparticles, a need exists for guidance in decisionmaking about hazards, risks, and controls. An identification of the ethical issues involved may be useful to decision makers, particularly employers, workers, investors, and health authorities. Because the goal of occupational safety and health is the prevention of disease in workers, the situations that have ethical implications that most affect workers have been identified. These situations include the a) identification and communication of hazards and risks by scientists, authorities, and employers; b) workers' acceptance of risk, c) selection and implementation of controls; a) establishment of medical screening programs; and e) investment in toxicologic and control research. The ethical issues involve the unbiased determination of hazards and risks, nonmaleficence (doing no harm), autonomy, justice, privacy, and promoting respect for persons. As the ethical issues are identified and explored, options for decision makers can be developed. Additionally, societal deliberations about workplace risks of nanotechnologies may be enhanced by special emphasis on small businesses and adoption of a global perspective. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Toronto, Joint Ctr Bioeth, Toronto, ON, Canada. Canadian Program Genom & Global Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pschulte@cdc.gov NR 85 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 18 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 DI 10.1289/ehp.9456 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 123ME UT WOS:000243299200025 PM 17366812 ER PT J AU Scinicariello, F Murray, HE Moffett, DB Abadin, HG Sexton, MJ Fowler, BA AF Scinicariello, Franco Murray, H. Edward Moffett, Daphne B. Abadin, Henry G. Sexton, Mary J. Fowler, Bruce A. TI Lead and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase polymorphism: Where does it lead? A meta-analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE ALAD polymorphism; lead; meta-analysis ID VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; MULTICOMPARTMENT KINETIC-MODELS; OXIDE SYNTHASE GENES; BLOOD LEAD; ALAD POLYMORPHISM; DIMERCAPTOSUCCINIC ACID; EXPOSED WORKERS; HEME-SYNTHESIS; 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID; SMELTER WORKERS AB BACKGROUND: Lead poisoning affects many organs in the body. Lead inhibits delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (AIAD), an enzyme with two co-dominantly expressed alleles, ALAD1 and ALAD2. OBJECTIVE: Our meta-analysis studied the effects of the ALAD polymorphism on a) blood and bone lead levels and b) indicators of target organ toxicity. DATA SOURCE: We included studies reporting one or more of the following by individuals with genotypes ALAD1-1 and ALAD1-2/2-2. blood lead level (BLL), tibia or trabecular lead level, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), hemoglobin, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), dimercaptosuccinic acid-chelatable lead, or blood pressure. DATA EXTRACTION: Sample sizes, means, and standard deviations were extracted for the genotype groups. DATA SYNTHESIS: There was a statistically significant association between ALAD2 carriers and higher BLL in lead-exposed workers (weighted mean differences of 1.93 mu g/dL). There was no association with A-LAD carrier status among environmentally exposed adults with BLLs < 10 mu g/dL. ALAD2 carriers were potentially protected against adverse hemapoietic effects (ZPP and hemoglobin levels), perhaps because of decreased lead bioavailability to heme pathway enzymes. CONCLUSION: Carriers of the ALAD2 allele had higher BLLs than those who were ALAD1 homozygous and higher hemoglobin and lower ZPP, and the latter seems to be inversely related to BLL. Effects on other organs were not well delineated, partly because of the small number of subjects studied and potential modifications caused by other proteins in target tissues or by other polymorphic genes. C1 CDC, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Scinicariello, F (reprint author), CDC, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, ATSDR, MS F-32,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fes6@cdc.gov NR 61 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1289/ehp.9448 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 123ME UT WOS:000243299200029 PM 17366816 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Fenster, L Sjodin, A Jones, RS Patterson, DG Eskenazi, B AF Bradman, Asa Fenster, Laura Sjodin, Andreas Jones, Richard S. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Eskenazi, Brenda TI Polybrominated diphenyl ether levels in the blood of pregnant women living in an agricultural community in California SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE blood; brominated flame retardant; exposure; Mexican; PBDE; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; pregnant ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DIETARY EXPOSURE; BODY BURDENS; ENVIRONMENT; DIOXINS; PLASMA; PBDES; FOOD AB BACKGROUND: Recent studies have raised concerns about polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardant exposures to pregnant women and women of child-bearing age in the United States. Few studies have measured PBDEs in immigrant populations. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to characterize levels of seven PBDE congeners, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-153, and polybrominated biphenyl (PBB)-153 in plasma from 24 pregnant women of Mexican descent living in an agricultural community in California. RESULTS: The median concentration of the sum of the PBDE congeners was 21 ng/g lipid and ranged from 5.3 to 320 ng/g lipid. Consistent with other studies, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) was found at the highest concentration (median = I I ng/g lipid; range, 2.5-205) followed by 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromobiphenyl (BDE-99) (median = 2.9 ng/g lipid; range, 0.5-54), 2,2',4,4',5-PentaBDE (BDE-100) (median = 1.8 ng/g lipid; range, 0.6-44), and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaBDE (BDE-153) (median = 1.5 ng/g lipid; range, 0.4-35). Levels of PCB-153 (median= 4.4 ng/g lipid; range, < 2-75) were lower than U.S. averages and uncorrelated with PBDE levels, suggesting different exposure routes. CONCLUSIONS: The overall levels of PBDEs found were lower than levels observed in other U.S. populations, although still higher than those observed previously in Europe or Japan. The upper range of exposure is similar to what has been reported in other U.S. populations. PBDEs have been associated with adverse developmental effects in animals. Future studies are needed to determine the sources and pathways of PBDE exposures and whether these exposures have adverse effects on human health. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bradman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abradman@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009605]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH007400] NR 27 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 18 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1289/ehp.8899 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 123ME UT WOS:000243299200035 PM 17366822 ER PT J AU Wolff, MS Teitelbaum, SL Windham, G Pinney, SM Britton, JA Chelimo, C Godbold, J Biro, F Kushi, LH Pfeiffer, CM Calafat, AM AF Wolff, Mary S. Teitelbaum, Susan L. Windham, Gayle Pinney, Susan M. Britton, Julie A. Chelimo, Carol Godbold, James Biro, Frank Kushi, Lawrence H. Pfeiffer, Christine M. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Pilot study of urinary biomarkers of phytoestrogens, phthalates, and phenols in girls SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; children; exposure; phenols; phthalates; phytoestrogen; urine ID BISPHENOL-A; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AUTOMATED ONLINE; METABOLITES; QUANTIFICATION; EXPOSURE AB BACKGROUND: Hormonally active environmental agents have been measured among U.S. children using exposure biomarkers in urine. However, little is known about their variation by race, age, sex, and geography, and no data exist for newly developed biomarkers. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to characterize relevant, prevalent exposures for a study of female pubertal development. METHODS: In a pilot study among 90 girls from New York City, New York, Cincinnati, Ohio, and northern California, we measured 25 urinary analytes representing 22 separate agents from three chemical families: phytoestrogens, plithalates, and phenols. Exposures occur chiefly from the diet and from household or personal care products. RESULTS: Participants represented four racial/ethnic groups (Asian, black, Hispanic, white), with mean age of 7.77 years. Most analytes were detectable in > 94% of samples. The highest median concentrations for individual analytes in each family were for enterolactone (298 mu g/L), monoethylplithalate (MEP; 83.2 mu g/L), and benzophenone-3 (BP3; 14.7 mu g/L). Few or no data have been reported previously for four metabolites: mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) plithalate, triclosan, bisphenol A (BPA), and BP3; these were detected in 67-100% of samples with medians of 1.8-53.2 mu g/L. After multivariate adjustment, two analytes, enterolactone and BPA, were higher among girls with body mass index < 85th reference percentile than those at of above the 85th percentile. Three phthalate metabolites differed by race/ethnicity [MEP, mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and mono-3-carboxypropylphthalate]. CONCLUSIONS: A wide spectrum of hormonally active exposure biomarkers were detectable and variable among young girls, with high maximal concentrations (> 1,000 mu g/L) found for several analytes. They varied by characteristics that may be relevant to development. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Div Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Med, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Adolescent Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wolff, MS (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Div Environm Hlth Sci, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1057, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM mary.wolff@mssm.edu OI Kushi, Lawrence/0000-0001-9136-1175 FU NCI NIH HHS [K07 CA093447, CA93447]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000071, M01-RR-00071]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES/CA012771, ES/CA012800, ES/CA012801, ES/CA12770, ES009584, ES012645, K01 ES012645, P01 ES009584, P30 ES006096] NR 22 TC 136 Z9 142 U1 4 U2 31 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.1289/ehp.9488 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 123ME UT WOS:000243299200043 PM 17366830 ER PT J AU Belson, M Kingsley, B Holmes, A AF Belson, Martin Kingsley, Beverely Holmes, Adrianne TI Risk factors for acute leukemia in children: A review SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE acute; ALL; AML; children; environment; leukemia; risk factors ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; MATERNAL REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY; ACUTE NONLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; PATERNAL RADIATION EXPOSURE; CHILDHOOD-CANCER INCIDENCE; SELLAFIELD NUCLEAR-PLANT; DNA TOPOISOMERASE-II; DIAGNOSTIC X-RAYS; INFANT LEUKEMIA AB Although overall incidence is rare, leukemia is the most common type of childhood cancer. It accounts for 30% of all cancers diagnosed in children younger than 15 years. Within this population, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) occurs approximately five times more frequently than acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and accounts for approximately 78% of all childhood leukemia diagnoses. Epidemiologic studies of acute leukemias in children have examined possible risk factors, including genetic, infectious, and environmental, in an attempt to determine etiology. Only one environmental risk factor (ionizing radiation) has been significantly linked to ALL or AML. Most environmental risk factors have been found to be weakly and inconsistently associated with either form of acute childhood leukemia. Our review focuses on the demographics of childhood leukemia and the risk factors that have been associated with the development of childhood ALL or AML. The environmental risk factors discussed include ionizing radiation, nonionizing radiation, hydrocarbons, pesticides, alcohol use, cigarette smoking, and illicit drug use. Knowledge of these particular risk factors can be used to support measures to reduce potentially harmful exposures and decrease the risk of disease. We also review genetic and infectious risk factors and other variables, including maternal reproductive history and birth characteristics. C1 CDC, NCEH, EHHE, HSB,Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Belson, M (reprint author), CDC, NCEH, EHHE, HSB,Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Bldg 101,Room 1154, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mbelson@cdc.gov NR 145 TC 156 Z9 174 U1 3 U2 23 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 138 EP 145 DI 10.1289/ehp.9023 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 123ME UT WOS:000243299200047 PM 17366834 ER PT J AU O'Connor, SM Boneva, RS AF O'Connor, Siobhan M. Boneva, Roumiana S. TI Infectious etiologies of childhood leukemia: Plausibility and challenges to proof SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE ALL; cALL; childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia; common precursor B-cell ALL; infection; leukemia; virus ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; DAY-CARE ATTENDANCE; HODGKINS LYMPHOMA; GUTHRIE CARDS; LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; POPULATION-DENSITY; RISK-FACTORS; HONG-KONG; BK VIRUS AB Infections as well as environmental exposures are proposed determinants of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), particularly common precursor B-cell ALL (cALL). Lines of investigation test hypotheses that cALL is a rarer result of common infection, that it results from uncommon infection, or that it ensues from abnormal immune development; perhaps it requires a preceding prenatal or early childhood insult. Ideally, studies should document that particular infections precede leukemia and induce malignant transformation. However, limited detection studies have not directly linked specific human or nonhuman infectious agents with ALL or cALL. Primarily based on surrogate markers of infectious exposure, indirect evidence from ecologic and epidemiologic studies varies widely, but some suggest that infancy or early childhood infectious exposures might protect against childhood ALL or cALL. Several others suggest that maternal infection during pregnancy might increase risk or that certain breast-feeding practices decrease risk. To date, evidence cannot confirm or refute whether at least one infection induces or is a major co-factor for developing ALL or cALL, or perhaps actually protects against disease. Differences in methodology and populations studied may explain some inconsistencies. Other challenges to proof include the likely time lag between infection and diagnosis, the ubiquity of many infections, the influence of age at infection, and the limitations in laboratory assays; small numbers of cases, inaccurate background leukemia rates, and difficulty tracking mobile populations further affect cluster investigations. Nevertheless, existing evidence partially supports plausibility and warrants further investigation into potential infectious determinants of ALL and cALL, particularly in the context of multifactorial or complex systems. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Connor, SM (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sbo5@cdc.gov NR 86 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 146 EP 150 DI 10.1289/ehp.9024 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 123ME UT WOS:000243299200048 PM 17366835 ER PT J AU Rubin, CS Holmes, AK Belson, MG Jones, RL Flanders, WD Kieszak, SM Osterloh, J Luber, GE Blount, BC Barr, DB Steinberg, KK Satten, GA McGeehin, MA Todd, RL AF Rubin, Carol S. Holmes, Adrianne K. Belson, Martin G. Jones, Robert L. Flanders, W. Dana Kieszak, Stephanie M. Osterloh, John Luber, George E. Blount, Benjamin C. Barr, Dana B. Steinberg, Karen K. Satten, Glen A. McGeehin, Michael A. Todd, Randall L. TI Investigating childhood leukemia in Churchill County, Nevada SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE ALL; AML; Churchill County; cancer cluster; environment; Fallon; leukemia; tungsten ID INVESTIGATING DISEASE CLUSTERS; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; CANCER INCIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; HUMAN URINE; RISK; POPULATION; METABOLITES; BLOOD AB BACKGROUND. Sixteen children diagnosed with acute leukemia between 1997 and 2002 lived in Churchill County, Nevada, at the time of or before their illness. Considering the county population and statewide cancer rate, fewer than two cases would be expected. OBJECTIVES. In March 2001, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention led federal, state, and local agencies in a cross-sectional, case-comparison study to determine if ongoing environmental exposures posed a health risk to residents and to compare levels of contaminants in environmental and biologic samples collected from participating families. METHODS. Surveys with more than 500 variables were administered to 205 people in 69 families. Blood, urine, and cheek cell samples were collected and analyzed for 139 chemicals, eight viral markers, and several genetic polymorphisms. Air, water, soil, and dust samples were collected from almost 80 homes to measure more than 200 chemicals. RESULTS. The scope of this cancer cluster investigation exceeded any previous study of pediatric leukemia. Nonetheless, no exposure consistent with leukemia risk was identified. Overall, tungsten and arsenic levels in urine and water samples were significantly higher than national comparison values; however, levels were similar among case and comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS. Although the cases in this cancer cluster may in fact have a common etiology, their small number and the length of time between diagnosis and our exposure assessment lessen the ability to find an association between leukemia and environmental exposures. Given the limitations of individual cancer cluster investigations, it may prove more efficient to pool laboratory and questionnaire data from similar leukemia clusters. C1 CDC, NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Nevada State Hlth Div, Carson City, NV USA. RP Rubin, CS (reprint author), CDC, NCEH, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Bldg 101,Room 1156, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM crubin@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 56 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1289/ehp.9022 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 123ME UT WOS:000243299200049 PM 17366836 ER PT J AU Steinberg, KK Relling, MV Gallagher, ML Greene, CN Rubin, CS French, D Holmes, AK Carroll, WL Koontz, DA Sampson, EJ Satten, GA AF Steinberg, Karen K. Relling, Mary V. Gallagher, Margaret L. Greene, Christopher N. Rubin, Carol S. French, Deborah Holmes, Adrianne K. Carroll, William L. Koontz, Deborah A. Sampson, Eric J. Satten, Glen A. TI Genetic studies of a cluster of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in Churchill County, Nevada SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE arsenic; children; cluster; DDE; enzymes; genetics; leukemia; polymorphism; tungsten ID CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; SULFITE OXIDASE; TUNGSTEN; POLYMORPHISMS; MECHANISMS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MUTAGENESIS; MOLYBDENUM; DEFICIENCY; INFERENCE AB OBJECTIVE: In a study to identify exposures associated with 15 cases of childhood leukemia, we found levels of tungsten, arsenic, and dichlorodiphenyldicbloroethylene in participants to be higher than mean values reported in the National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Because case and comparison families had similar levels of these contaminants, we conducted genetic studies to identify gene polymorphisms that might have made case children more susceptible than comparison children to effects of the exposures. DESIGN: We compared case with comparison children to determine whether differences existed in the frequency of polymorphic genes, including genes that code for enzymes in the folate and purine pathways. We also included discovery of polymorphic forms of genes that code for enzymes that are inhibited by tungsten: xanthine dehydrogenase, sulfite oxidase (SUOXgene), and aldehyde oxidase. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven case children were age- and sex-matched with 42 community comparison children for genetic analyses. Twenty parents of case children also contributed to the analyses. RESULTS: One bilalleleic gene locus in SUOX was significantly associated with either case or comparison status, depending on which alleles the child carried (without adjusting for multiple comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Although genetic studies did not provide evidence that a common agent or genetic susceptibility factor caused the leukemias, the association between a SUOXgene locus and disease status in the presence of high tungsten and arsenic levels warrants further investigation. RELEVANCE: Although analyses of community dusters of cancer have rarely identified causes, these findings have generated hypotheses to be tested in subsequent studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. NYU, Sch Med, Hassenfeld Childrens Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Steinberg, KK (reprint author), Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 2877 Brandywine Rd,Mailstop K88,Koger Ctr,William, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM kks1@cdc.gov OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 51001, CA21765, P30 CA021765, R01 CA051001] NR 31 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 158 EP 164 DI 10.1289/ehp.9025 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 123ME UT WOS:000243299200050 PM 17366837 ER PT J AU Kingsley, BS Schmeichel, KL Rubin, CH AF Kingsley, Beverly S. Schmeichel, Karen L. Rubin, Carol H. TI An update on cancer cluster activities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cancer; cancer clusters; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; environmental hazards; epidemiologic cluster investigations; state health departments ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; RISK-ASSESSMENT; EXPOSURE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STATISTICS; SOFTWARE; PROGRAM; FINLAND AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues to be aware of the need for response to public concern as well as to state and local agency concern about cancer clusters. In 1990 the CDC published the "Guidelines for Investigating Clusters of Health Events", in which a four-stage process was presented. This document has provided a framework that most state health departments have adopted, with modifications pertaining to their specific situations, available resources, and philosophy concerning disease clusters. The purpose of this present article is not to revise the CDC guidelines; they retain their original usefulness and validity. However, in the past 15 years, multiple cluster studies as well as scientific and technologic developments have affected cluster science and response (improvements in cancer registries, a federal initiative in environmental public health tracking, refinement of biomarker technology, cluster identification using geographic information systems software, and the emergence of the Internet). Thus, we offer an addendum for use with the original document. Currently, to address both the needs of state health departments as well as public concern, the CDC now a) provides a centralized, coordinated response system for cancer cluster inquiries, b) supports an electronic cancer cluster listserver, c) maintains an informative web page, and d) provides support to states, ranging from laboratory analysis to epidentiologic assistance and expertise. Response to cancer clusters is appropriate public health action, and the CDC will continue to provide assistance, facilitate communication among states, and foster the development of new approaches in duster science. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kingsley, BS (reprint author), Mailstop F-46,4770 Buford Hwy ,Bldg 101,Room 1318, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bbk9@cdc.gov NR 94 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1289/ehp.9021 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 123ME UT WOS:000243299200051 PM 17366838 ER PT J AU Brown, MJ Falk, H Frumkin, H AF Brown, Mary Jean Falk, Henry Frumkin, Howard TI Children's health/regional collaboration to reduce lead exposure in children SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brown, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. EM mjb5@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP A17 EP A17 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 123ME UT WOS:000243299200007 PM 17366803 ER PT J AU Dyke, JV Ito, K Obitsu, T Hisamatsu, Y Dasgupta, PK Blount, BC AF Dyke, Jason V. Ito, Kazuaki Obitsu, Taketo Hisamatsu, Yoshiharu Dasgupta, Purnendu K. Blount, Benjamin C. TI Perchlorate in dairy milk. Comparison of Japan versus the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THYROID-HORMONE ACTION; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; DRINKING-WATER; BREAST-MILK; EXPOSURE; ACCUMULATION; SAMPLES; IODIDE AB Perchlorate has been considered a potential threat to human health, especially to developing infants and children due to its ability to inhibit iodide uptake by the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) of the thyroid. Although the U.S. has been the prime focus of perchlorate contamination, at least some of the similar sources of perchlorate exist across the world, and it has been detected in many types of foods and beverages worldwide. We present here perchlorate data from cow's milk samples from Japan (mean 9.4 +/- 2.7 mu g/L, n = 54), which are higher on average than those found in U.S. dairy milk samples reported by a 2004 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) study (5.9 +/- 1.8 mu g/L, n = 104). C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Kinki Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Biotechnol & Chem, Hiroshima 7392116, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398528, Japan. Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Field Sci Ctr, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dasgupta, PK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM dasgupta@uta.edu NR 49 TC 73 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 88 EP 92 DI 10.1021/es061429e PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120ZC UT WOS:000243124600018 PM 17265931 ER PT J AU Seminara, D Khoury, MJ O'Brien, TR Manolio, T Gwinn, ML Little, J T Higgins, JP Bernstein, JL Boffetta, P Bondy, M Bray, MS Brenchley, PE Buffler, PA Casas, JP Chokkalingam, AP Danesh, J Smith, GD Dolan, S Duncan, R Gruis, NA Hashibe, M Hunter, D Jarvelin, MR Malmer, B Maraganore, DM Newton-Bishop, JA Riboli, E Salanti, G Taioli, E Timpson, N Uitterlinden, AG Vineis, P Wareham, N Winn, DM Zimmern, R Ioannidis, JPA AF Seminara, Daniela Khoury, Muin J. O'Brien, Thomas R. Manolio, Teri Gwinn, Marta L. Little, Julian T Higgins, Julian P. Bernstein, Jonine L. Boffetta, Paolo Bondy, Melissa Bray, Molly S. Brenchley, Paul E. Buffler, Patricia A. Casas, Juan Pablo Chokkalingam, Anand P. Danesh, John Smith, George Davey Dolan, Siobhan Duncan, Ross Gruis, Nelleke A. Hashibe, Mia Hunter, David Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Malmer, Beatrice Maraganore, Demetrius M. Newton-Bishop, Julia A. Riboli, Elio Salanti, Georgia Taioli, Emanuela Timpson, Nic Uitterlinden, Andre G. Vineis, Paolo Wareham, Nick Winn, Deborah M. Zimmern, Ron Ioannidis, John P. A. CA Human Genome Epidemiology Network Network Investigator Networks TI The emergence of networks in human genome epidemiology - Challenges and opportunities SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; BREAST-CANCER; WIDE ASSOCIATION; FAMILY REGISTRY; MUTATIONS; DISEASES; FALSE C1 NCI, Epidemiol & Genet Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Canada Res Chair Human Genome Epidemiol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Cambridge, MRC, Biostat Unit, Cambridge, England. Strangeways Res Lab, Publ Hlth Genet Unit, Cambridge CB1 4RN, England. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Human Genet, Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Royal Infirm, Renal Res Labs, Manchester Inst Nephrol & Transplantat, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, Bristol, Avon, England. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Leiden, Netherlands. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England. Univ Oulu, Dept Publ Hlth Sci & Gen Practice, Oulu, Finland. Univ Umea Hosp, Dept Radiat Sci, S-90185 Umea, Sweden. Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Rochester, MN USA. CR UK Clin Ctr, Genet Epidemiol Div, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. ISI Fdn, Turin, Italy. Elsie Widdowson Lab, MRC, Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge, England. Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Biomed Res Inst, Ioannina, Greece. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Seminara, D (reprint author), NCI, Epidemiol & Genet Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, EPN Bldg,Rm 5142,MSC 7393,6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM seminard@mail.nih.gov RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Higgins, Julian/H-4008-2011; Fox, Laura /C-6249-2016; OI Higgins, Julian/0000-0002-8323-2514; Monsalve, Beatriz Elena/0000-0002-5994-866X; Brenchley, Paul/0000-0003-1290-9919; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta/0000-0002-2149-0630; Newton Bishop, Julia/0000-0001-9147-6802; Timpson, Nicholas/0000-0002-7141-9189 FU Intramural NIH HHS; Medical Research Council [G0600705, MC_U105285807, MC_U106179471] NR 42 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000249540.17855.b7 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 116XI UT WOS:000242836700001 PM 17179752 ER PT J AU Marcus, R Varma, JK Medus, C Boothe, EJ Anderson, BJ Crume, T Fullerton, KE Moore, MR White, PL Lyszkowicz, E Voetsch, AC Angulo, FJ AF Marcus, R. Varma, J. K. Medus, C. Boothe, E. J. Anderson, B. J. Crume, T. Fullerton, K. E. Moore, M. R. White, P. L. Lyszkowicz, E. Voetsch, A. C. Angulo, F. J. CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe TI Re-assessment of risk factors for sporadic Salmonella serotype enteritidis infections: a case-control study in five FoodNet sites, 2002-2003 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; CONSUMPTION; CHILDREN; ILLNESS; DISEASE; BURDEN AB Active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (SE) infection revealed a decline in incidence in the 1990s, followed by an increase starting in 2000. We sought to determine if the fluctuation in SE incidence could be explained by changes in foodborne sources of infection. We conducted a population-based case-control study of sporadic SE infection in five of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites during a 12-month period in 2002-2003. A total of 218 cases and 742 controls were enrolled. Sixty-seven (31%) of the 218 case-patients and six (1%) of the 742 controls reported travel outside the United States during the 5 days before the case's illness onset (OR 53, 95% CI 23-125). Eighty-one percent of cases with SE phage type 4 travelled internationally. Among persons who did not travel internationally, eating chicken prepared outside the home and undercooked eggs inside the home were associated with SE infections. Contact with birds and reptiles was also associated with SE infections. This study supports the findings of previous case-control studies and identifies risk factors associated with specific phage types and molecular subtypes. C1 Connecticut FoodNet, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. New York Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Omaha, NE USA. RP Marcus, R (reprint author), Connecticut FoodNet, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, 1 Church St,7th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM Ruthanne.Marcus@yale.edu NR 45 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 135 IS 1 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1017/S0950268806006558 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 125UY UT WOS:000243469700012 PM 16756692 ER PT J AU Kong, YK Lowe, BD Lee, SJ Krieg, EF AF Kong, Y.-K. Lowe, B. D. Lee, S.-J. Krieg, E. F. TI Evaluation of handle design characteristics in a maximum screwdriving torque task SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE screwdriver handle design; handle shape; handle surface; maximum torque exertion ID GRIP FORCE; TOOLS AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of screwdriver handle shape, surface material and workpiece orientation on torque performance, finger force distribution and muscle activity in a maximum screwdriving torque task. Twelve male subjects performed maximum screw-tightening exertions using screwdriver handles with three longitudinal shapes (circular, hexagonal and triangular), four lateral shapes (cylindrical, double frustum, cone and reversed double frustum) and two surfaces (rubber and plastic). The average finger force contributions to the total hand force were 28.1%, 39.3%, 26.5% and 6.2%, in order from index to little fingers; the average phalangeal segment force contributions were 47.3%, 14.0%, 20.5% and 18.1% for distal, middle, proximal and metacarpal phalanges, respectively. The plastic surface handles were associated with 15% less torque output (4.86 Nm) than the rubber coated handles (5.73 Nm). In general, the vertical workpiece orientation was associated with higher torque output (5.9 Nm) than the horizontal orientation (4.69 Nm). Analysis of handle shapes indicates that screwdrivers designed with a circular or hexagonal cross-sectional shape result in greater torque outputs (5.49 Nm, 5.57 Nm), with less total finger force (95 N, 105 N). In terms of lateral shape, reversed double frustum handles were associated with less torque output (5.23 Nm) than the double frustum (5.44 Nm) and cone (5.37 Nm) handles. Screwdriver handles designed with combinations of circular or hexagonal cross-sectional shapes with double frustum and cone lateral shapes were optimal in this study. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Syst Management, Suwon, South Korea. Hanyang Univ, Coll Med, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Lowe, BD (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM blowe@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2007 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1404 EP 1418 DI 10.1080/00140130701393775 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 194HC UT WOS:000248334300004 PM 17654033 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Imai, K AF Zhang, Ping Imai, Kumiko TI The relationship between age and healthcare expenditure among persons with diabetes mellitus SO EXPERT OPINION ON PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Review ID COSTS; PEOPLE; IMPACT; COMPLICATIONS; LONGEVITY; SERVICES; DISEASE; BURDEN; ADULTS AB Few studies have examined how a person's age is related to healthcare expenditure among individuals with chronic conditions. The authors reviewed and examined the association between age and healthcare expenditure among persons with diabetes. Crude healthcare expenditure increases with age. Excluding expenditure associated with long-term and home healthcare, medical costs per person peaks at similar to 80 years of age. For males, persons aged 19 - 34 years had the lowest per-person medical costs, but, for females, those aged 0 - 18 years had the lowest per-person medical cost. Healthcare expenditure associated with long-term care and home care increased exponentially beyond 65 years of age. There were considerable differences between sexes in terms of the association of age with healthcare expenditure. Age is not a cause for increased healthcare costs; it is the ageing process and the increased likelihood of morbidity and mortality that comes with increasing age that lead to an increase in costs. The three dominant factors that mediate the positive relationship between age and healthcare expenditure are i) the high medical cost associated with death and the increasing likelihood of death with age; ii) increasing long-term and home care with age, particularly among the very elderly; and iii) the rising number and severity of diabetes-related complications with age. A person's age has no effect or a minimal positive effect on a person's demand for healthcare and total healthcare spending, after adjusting other covariates among persons with diabetes. The aging of populations should have a small impact on future healthcare expenditure. Including non-traditional factors in the cost model, such as proximity to death and prevalence of future diabetes-related complications, would improve the prediction of future healthcare expenditure for persons with diabetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30304 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30304 USA. EM PZhang@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1465-6566 J9 EXPERT OPIN PHARMACO JI Expert Opin. Pharmacother. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1517/14656566.8.1.49 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 121WM UT WOS:000243187700005 PM 17163806 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, B Cabanes, D Zhang, W Cossart, P AF Swaminathan, Bala Cabanes, Didier Zhang, Wei Cossart, Pascale BE Doyle, MP Beuchat, LR TI Listeria monocytogenes SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY: FUNDAMENTALS AND FRONTIERS, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACTIN-BASED MOTILITY; CELL-TO-CELL; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; PROTOPLAST TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM; BETAINE TRANSPORT-SYSTEM; TRUNCATED INTERNALIN-A; FOOD-BORNE LISTERIOSIS; NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL; HUMAN EPITHELIAL-CELLS C1 [Swaminathan, Bala] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cabanes, Didier] Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Grp Mol Microbiol, P-4150180 Oporto, Portugal. [Zhang, Wei] IIT, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. [Cossart, Pascale] Inst Pasteur, Unite Interact Bacteries Cellules, F-75015 Paris, France. [Cossart, Pascale] INSERM, U604, F-75015 Paris, France. [Cossart, Pascale] INRA, USC2020, F-75015 Paris, France. RP Swaminathan, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 307 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-407-6 PY 2007 BP 457 EP + PG 37 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BPJ57 UT WOS:000279003400022 ER PT J AU Barrett, TJ Gerner-Smidt, P AF Barrett, Timothy J. Gerner-Smidt, Peter BE Doyle, MP Beuchat, LR TI Molecular Source Tracking and Molecular Subtyping SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY: FUNDAMENTALS AND FRONTIERS, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI STRAINS; GENE RESTRICTION PATTERNS; LARGE DNA-MOLECULES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES C1 [Barrett, Timothy J.; Gerner-Smidt, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barrett, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 121 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-407-6 PY 2007 BP 987 EP 1004 PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BPJ57 UT WOS:000279003400048 ER PT J AU England, L Zhang, J AF England, Lucinda Zhang, Jun TI Smoking and risk of preeclampsia: a systematic review SO FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE pregnancy; preeclampsia; smoking; review ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; CIRCULATING ANGIOGENIC FACTORS; PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS DISCORDANT; FETAL-PLACENTAL CIRCULATION; EARLY-ONSET PREECLAMPSIA; POPULATION-BASED COHORT; CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE AB Cigarette smoking adversely affects every organ system. Paradoxically, smoking during pregnancy has been associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia. We reviewed previous epidemiologic and clinical studies on the association between smoking and preeclampsia from 1959 to March, 2006. A total of 48 epidemiologic studies were identified. Overall, smoking during pregnancy reduces the risk of preeclampsia by up to 50% with a dose-response pattern. A protective effect was consistently found in both nulliparas and multiparas, singleton and multifetal pregnancies, and for mild and severe preeclampsia. Evidence on whether quitting smoking before or in early pregnancy reduces the risk remains inconclusive. To understand possible biologic mechanism(s) of the protective effect, we reviewed literature on potential pathophysiology of smoking and its effects on placenta, cardiovascular and immune systems. Although current literature does not lend clear evidence to support a particular mechanism for the protective effect of smoking, smoking might have effects on angiogenic factors, endothelial function and the immune system which act to lower risk of preeclampsia. More epidemiologic studies with biochemically confirmed smoking status and laboratory studies with a focus on promising pathways are warranted to further clarify this puzzling relationship. Understanding the underlying mechanisms through which smoking reduces preeclampsia risk may enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder and contribute to the development of prevention strategies. C1 NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res,Dept Hlth & Huma, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res,Dept Hlth & Huma, Bldg 6100,Room 7B03, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM zhangj@exchange.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 159 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 13 PU FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC PI MANHASSET PA C/O NORTH SHORE UNIV HOSPITAL, BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER, 350 COMMUNITY DR, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA SN 1093-9946 J9 FRONT BIOSCI JI Front. Biosci. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 12 BP 2471 EP 2483 DI 10.2741/2248 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 129QS UT WOS:000243745000205 PM 17127256 ER PT J AU Kwee, LC Epstein, MP Manatunga, AK Duncan, R Allen, AS Satten, GA AF Kwee, L. C. Epstein, M. P. Manatunga, A. K. Duncan, R. Allen, A. S. Satten, G. A. TI Simple methods for assessing haplotype-environment interactions in case-only and case-control studies SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; DISEASE; INFERENCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATION; TESTS; FREQUENCIES; FINLAND AB For investigating haplotype-environment interactions in case-control studies, one can implement statistical methods based either on a retrospective likelihood (modeling the probability of haplotype and environment conditional on disease status) or a prospective likelihood (modeling the probability of disease status conditional on haplotype and environment). Retrospective approaches are generally more powerful than prospective approaches, but require an explicit model of the joint distribution of haplotype and environmental factors in the sample with the latter being particularly unattractive to specify. To resolve this issue, we propose a number of simple retrospective procedures for haplotype-environment interaction analysis that do not require explicit modeling of environmental covariates in the sample. We first consider a cases-only procedure, followed by a simple likelihood for case-control data that is proportional to the full-retrospective likelihood. Finally, we consider a retrospective procedure for inference on haplotype-environment interaction effects in matched or finely-stratified case-control studies. Our methods are based on the assumptions that haplotypes and environmental covariates are independent in the target population and that disease is rare. We illustrate our approaches using case-control data from the Finland-United States Investigation of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (FUSION) genetic study and simulated data. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Epstein, MP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, 615 Michael St,Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mepstein@genetics.emory.edu OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG003618, R01 HG003618, R01 HG003618-02]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL077663, K25 HL077663]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM074909, T32-GM074909] NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1 BP 75 EP 90 DI 10.1002/gepi.20192 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 116XX UT WOS:000242838200008 PM 17123302 ER PT J AU Hoots, K Rodriguez-Merchan, EC Tuddenham, E Ragni, M Hedner, U DiMichele, DM Lusher, J Konkle, B Brand, B Escobar, MA Ingerslev, J Kessler, CM Marbet, GA Schulman, S Marder, V Beeton, K Abshire, T Kulkarni, R Preston, FE Kavakli, K Berntorp, E AF Hoots, Keith Carlos Rodriguez-Merchan, E. Tuddenham, Edward Ragni, Margaret Hedner, Ulla DiMichele, Donna M. Lusher, Jeanne Konkle, Barbara Brand, Brigit Escobar, Miguel A. Ingerslev, Jorgen Kessler, Craig M. Marbet, German A. Schulman, Sam Marder, Victor Beeton, Karen Abshire, Tom Kulkarni, Roshni Preston, Francis E. Kavakli, Kaan Berntorp, Erik BE Roberts, HR TI Haemophilia A and Haemophilia B SO HAEMOPHILIA AND HAEMOSTASIS: A CASE-BASED APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RECOMBINANT FACTOR VIIA; ACTIVATED FACTOR-VII; OPEN-HEART-SURGERY; MITRAL-VALVE-REPLACEMENT; CONTINUOUS-INFUSION; BLEEDING DISORDERS; INHIBITOR PATIENTS; TISSUE FACTOR; FACTOR-X; MANAGEMENT C1 [Hoots, Keith] Univ Texas Houston Hlth, Gulf States Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Carlos Rodriguez-Merchan, E.] La Paz Univ Hosp, Dept Orthopaed, Madrid, Spain. [Carlos Rodriguez-Merchan, E.; Beeton, Karen] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Tuddenham, Edward] Royal Free Hosp, Haemophilia Ctr, London NW3 2QG, England. [Ragni, Margaret] Univ Pittsburgh Phys, Div Hematol Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Berntorp, Erik] Lund Univ, Dept Coagulat Disorders, Malmo, Sweden. [DiMichele, Donna M.] New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Lusher, Jeanne] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. [Konkle, Barbara] Univ Penn, Penn Comprehens Hemophilia & Thrombosis Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Brand, Brigit] Univ Zurich Hosp, Haemophilia Ctr, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Escobar, Miguel A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Escobar, Miguel A.] Gulf States Hemophilia & Thrombophilia Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Ingerslev, Jorgen] Univ Hosp Skejby, Dept Clin Immunol, Haemophilia Ctr, Aarhus, Denmark. [Kessler, Craig M.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Comprehens Treatment Ctr Hemophilia & Thrombosis, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Marbet, German A.] Univ Basel Hosp, Hemostasis Lab, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. [Schulman, Sam] Hamilton Hlth Sci Gen Hosp, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Marder, Victor] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Abshire, Tom] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Hematol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kulkarni, Roshni] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHBD, Natl Birth Defects Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kulkarni, Roshni] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Preston, Francis E.] Royal Hallamshire Hosp, Univ Dept Haematol, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England. [Kavakli, Kaan] Ege Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat Hematol, Izmir, Turkey. [Carlos Rodriguez-Merchan, E.] La Paz Univ Hosp, Hemophilia Unit, Madrid, Spain. [Tuddenham, Edward] Royal Free Hosp, Haemostasis Unit, London NW3 2QG, England. [Kulkarni, Roshni] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHBD, Natl Ctr Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Berntorp, Erik] Lund Univ, Malmo Univ Hosp, Malmo, Sweden. RP Hoots, K (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston Hlth, Gulf States Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Houston, TX USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69255-4 PY 2007 BP 1 EP 92 D2 10.1002/9780470692554 PG 92 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA BCJ21 UT WOS:000310276100002 ER PT J AU Vermylen, J Konkle, BA Aledort, LM Berntorp, E Macik, BG Schulman, S Lisman, T de Groot, PG Kessler, C Kenet, G Tuddenham, E Kulkarni, R AF Vermylen, Jos Konkle, Barbara A. Aledort, Louis M. Berntorp, Erik Macik, B. Gail Schulman, Sam Lisman, Ton de Groot, Philip G. Kessler, Craig Kenet, Gili Tuddenham, Edward Kulkarni, Roshni BE Roberts, HR TI Miscellaneous Questions SO HAEMOPHILIA AND HAEMOSTASIS: A CASE-BASED APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; DISORDERS; BENEFITS; COCAINE; SSRIS C1 [Vermylen, Jos] Univ Louvain, Ctr Mol & Vasc Res, Louvain, Belgium. [Konkle, Barbara A.] Univ Penn, Penn Comprehens Hemophilia & Thrombosis Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Aledort, Louis M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Berntorp, Erik] Lund Univ, Malmo Univ Hosp, Malmo, Sweden. [Berntorp, Erik] Lund Univ, Dept Coagulat Disorders, Malmo, Sweden. [Macik, B. Gail] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Schulman, Sam] Hamilton Hlth Sci Gen Hosp, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Lisman, Ton; de Groot, Philip G.] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Haematol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kessler, Craig] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Comprehens Treatment Ctr Hemophilia & Thrombosis, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Kenet, Gili] Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Natl Hemophilia Ctr, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. [Tuddenham, Edward] Royal Free Hosp, Haemophilia Ctr, London NW3 2QG, England. [Tuddenham, Edward] Royal Free Hosp, Haemostasis Unit, London NW3 2QG, England. [Kulkarni, Roshni] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHBD, Natl Birth Defects Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kulkarni, Roshni] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHBD, Natl Ctr Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kulkarni, Roshni] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Vermylen, J (reprint author), Univ Louvain, Ctr Mol & Vasc Res, Louvain, Belgium. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69255-4 PY 2007 BP 173 EP 191 D2 10.1002/9780470692554 PG 19 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA BCJ21 UT WOS:000310276100007 ER PT J AU Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT AF Nordberg, Gunnar F. Fowler, Bruce A. Nordberg, Monica Friberg, Lars T. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Introduction-General Considerations and International Perspectives SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID METAL INTERACTIONS; CADMIUM EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; MODEL; CARCINOGENESIS; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; SMELTER; KIDNEY AB This introductory chapter is composed of two parts. The first section is a brief history of the science of the toxicology of metals by the late Dr. Lars Friberg. He delineates the early realization of the need for international cooperation and consensus that have guided seminal studies related to environmental and occupational toxicology. In this spirit, he initiated work on the first edition of the Handbook of Toxicology of Metals that included contributors from around the world. The second section takes up some current concerns related to the toxicology of metals. It highlights such concerns in relation to the current status of the scientific understanding to date of the metals included and discussed fully in the chapters of the Handbook. Furthermore, it draws attention to future directions in generating new knowledge to fill gaps in the continued quest to assemble the knowledge base necessary for the protection of human health from adverse consequences related to exposure to metals. C1 [Nordberg, Gunnar F.] Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nordberg, Monica; Friberg, Lars T.] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Nordberg, GF (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0 PY 2007 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50056-2 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300003 ER PT J AU Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M AF Nordberg, Gunnar F. Fowler, Bruce A. Nordberg, Monica BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals Third Edition Preface SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Nordberg, Gunnar F.] Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nordberg, Monica] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Nordberg, GF (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0 PY 2007 BP V EP V DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50052-5 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300001 ER PT J AU Aitio, A Bernard, A Fowler, BA Nordberg, GF AF Aitio, Antero Bernard, Alfred Fowler, Bruce A. Nordberg, Gunnar F. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Biological Monitoring and Biomarkers SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENVIRONMENTAL CADMIUM EXPOSURE; PREDICT HUMAN CANCER; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; LEAD; WORKERS; HEALTH; LYMPHOCYTES AB Biomonitoring was developed for the assessment of the health risks from exposure to metals at work, and the approaches and concepts of biomonitoring are derived from such exposures. At present, biomonitoring is increasingly used to assess exposure from the environment. Biomonitoring and assessment of external exposure are complementing activities, where the exposure assessments are much more widely applied, especially when the number of chemicals concerned is considered; environmental analysis also offers the distinct advantage of speciation analysis, which is very poorly developed for biomonitoring. Biomonitoring, on the other hand, provides information on exposure from all sources, and via all absorption routes, and also considers accumulation of the chemical in the body. Biomonitoring using exposure biomarkers thus considers interindividual differences in the absorption, whereas use of effect biomarkers also considers interindividual differences in sensitivity. Few effect biomarkers, however, have been validated. Biomarkers of susceptibility have so far not been adapted for use in metal toxicology. The major challenges of biomonitoring are the development of monitoring methods, which are inexpensive enough to be applied at a frequency that makes possible meaningful biomonitoring of metals with a short half-time; development of exposure biomarker guidance values specific to individual species of different metals; expansion of the repertoire of validated effect biomarkers; and validation and application to effect monitoring of the "omic" technologies. C1 [Aitio, Antero] Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Biomonitoring Team, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland. [Bernard, Alfred] Catholic Univ Louvain, Unit Ind Toxicol & Occupat Med, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. [Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nordberg, Gunnar F.] Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. RP Aitio, A (reprint author), Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Biomonitoring Team, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland. NR 66 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0 PY 2007 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50059-8 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300006 ER PT J AU Moffett, DB El-Masri, HA Fowler, BA AF Moffett, Daphne B. El-Masri, Hisham A. Fowler, Bruce A. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI General Considerations of Dose-Effect and Dose-Response Relationships SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TOXICITY; HORMESIS AB In 2003, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) issued a glossary of terms that included the definition of dose-effect and dose-response relationships (Nordberg et al., 2004). Dose-effect relationship is defined as an association between dose and the resulting magnitude of a continuously graded change, either in an individual or in a population. Dose-response relationship is an association between dose and the incidence of a defined biological effect in an exposed population usually expressed as a percentage. In this chapter, we introduce the concepts of dose, response, effect, and the relationships between them and the curves that illustrate them. Modeling the dose-response relationships, comparing the shapes of the curves, and modeling the data are also addressed. Thoughtful discussion is given to species extrapolations, including the complexities of gaining statistical power with limited-sized animal experiments. Benchmark dose is also introduced as an alternative metric to NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) to determine an allowable exposure to toxic chemicals. C1 [Moffett, Daphne B.; Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [El-Masri, Hisham A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Computat Toxicol Lab, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moffett, DB (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0 PY 2007 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50061-6 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300008 ER PT B AU Nordberg, GF Gerhardsson, L Broberg, K Mumtaz, M Ruiz, P Fowler, BA AF Nordberg, Gunnar F. Gerhardsson, Lars Broberg, Karin Mumtaz, Moiz Ruiz, Patricia Fowler, Bruce A. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Interactions in Metal Toxicology SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE; VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; CULTURED K-562 CELLS; ARSENIC-INDUCED HYPERKERATOSIS; HUMAN PORPHOBILINOGEN SYNTHASE; NICKEL-INDUCED CARCINOGENESIS; GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE MICE; OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS AB Human exposures to metals and metalloids such as arsenic frequently occur as mixtures, and hence it is important to consider interactions among these elements in terms of both mechanisms of action and for risk assessment purposes. Interactions among these elements may produce additive, synergistic/potentiative, or antagonistic effects that may be manifested as direct cellular toxicity (necrosis or apoptosis) or carcinogenicity. Dose-response relationships may further be influenced by constitutive factors such as age, sex, and the expression of specific proteins. The roles of molecular factors regulated by specific genes (so called gene-environment interactions) for the expression of metal toxicity are known only to a limited extent for most metals. However, for chronic beryllium disease causing fibrosis of the lung, it has been shown that beryllium sensitization, a prerequisite for developing the disease, depends on an antigen-specific immune response occurring predominantly among persons with a specific HLA-DBP1 genotype. Some gene-environment interactions in terms of genetic polymorphisms have been demonstrated such as those involving ALAD and arsenic methyl transferases, but the importance of these observations for development of human diseases has not been fully explored. Mechanisms of importance for interactions and the development of toxicity are the expression of metal-binding proteins (metallothioneins or lead-binding proteins). In many cases, direct primary data on interactions among toxic or essential elements are lacking, and so innovative derivative methods such as the binary weight of evidence (BINWOE) method have been used to predict potential interactions among groups of metals and metalloids. At present, there is much to be learned about interactions among both toxic and essential elements, but this is clearly a critical area of research. C1 [Nordberg, Gunnar F.] Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Gerhardsson, Lars] Sahlgrens Acad, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Gerhardsson, Lars] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Univ Hosp, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Broberg, Karin] Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden. [Mumtaz, Moiz; Ruiz, Patricia; Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nordberg, GF (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. OI Broberg, Karin/0000-0002-5862-468X NR 286 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0; 978-0-12-369413-3 PY 2007 BP 117 EP 145 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50062-8 PG 29 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300009 ER PT J AU Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA AF Nordberg, Gunnar F. Fowler, Bruce A. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Risk Assessment SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BENCHMARK DOSE CALCULATION; RENAL DYSFUNCTION; CADMIUM; POPULATION; CARCINOGENICITY; TOXICOKINETICS; EXPOSURE; METALS; CHINA AB Risk assessment for metallic substances usually follows the generally accepted framework format for risk assessment for all toxic substances, which involves (1) exposure assessment, (2) hazard identification, (3) assessment of dose-response relationships, and (4) risk characterization. The importance of risk communication is also addressed. Risk assessment/risk communication is of particular relevance for metals and metalloids, because all living organisms are exposed to these elements, and metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury and the metalloid arsenic have been responsible for many human poisonings and even deaths. It is, hence, imperative that readers of this handbook have a firm perspective on the exposure levels of metallic substances that produce adverse health effects and the various risk assessment approaches that have been used and are evolving to protect the health and well-being of living organisms. Biomonitoring approaches, identification of toxic metallic species for hazard identification, dose-effect relationships, construction of dose-response curves, and the development of benchmark doses for various metallic species are discussed in relation to protecting sensitive subpopulations, because not all individuals within a general population are at equal risk for toxicity. Risk characterization using modern biomarkers that are capable of detecting early cellular effects to low-dose exposures to metallic substances will play an increasingly important role in assessing risk from exposure to this class of toxic substances on an individual or mixture basis. The issue of metal/metalloid-induced carcinogenesis is of ever increasing importance, because many of the elements associated with this cellular outcome produce a number of early cellular effects, including formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Finally, the issue of risk communication/risk management is of great importance, because these issues are critical to addressing the health concerns of exposed populations and the practical, ethical, and financial issues related to reducing hazardous exposures to metallic substances. C1 [Nordberg, Gunnar F.] Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nordberg, GF (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0 PY 2007 BP 281 EP 301 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50069-0 PG 21 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300016 ER PT J AU Tylenda, CA Fowler, BA AF Tylenda, Carolyn A. Fowler, Bruce A. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Antimony SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; SMELTER WORKERS; TOXIC ELEMENTS; MICE INVIVO; DNA-DAMAGE; EXPOSURE; LUNG AB Antimony is a silvery white brittle metal of medium hardness and exists in four valence states: 0, -3, +3, and +5. Most absorbed antimony is excreted rapidly through urine and feces. Elimination and route of excretion depend on the type of antimony compound. Urinary excretion is higher for pentavalent than for trivalent antimony compounds, whereas the gastrointestinal excretion is higher for trivalent than for pentavalent antimony. Some data on humans, as well as on animals, indicate that a small part of absorbed and retained antimony may have a long biological half-life, especially in the lung. After acute or chronic oral or parenteral exposure to antimony, highest concentrations are found in the thyroid, adrenals, liver, and kidney. Industrial exposure may give rise to symptoms of irritation in the respiratory tract. Pneumoconiosis, occasionally in combination with obstructive lung changes, has been reported after long-term exposure in humans. Focal fibrosis of the lung has been seen in animal trials. Effects on the heart, even fatal, have been related to long-term industrial exposure to antimony trioxide. Secondary cardiovascular effects as a result of treatment of parasitic disease with antimony compounds have also been reported. In addition, cardiovascular effects have been observed in animal experiments. Rats exposed to antimony trioxide through inhalation for long periods of time showed a high frequency of lung tumors. C1 [Tylenda, Carolyn A.; Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tylenda, CA (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 160 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0 PY 2007 BP 353 EP 365 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50073-2 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300020 ER PT B AU Fowler, BA Chou, CHSJ Jones, RL Chen, CJ AF Fowler, Bruce A. Chou, C. -H. Selene J. Jones, Robert L. Chen, C. -J. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Arsenic SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP; STRESS-PROTEIN EXPRESSION; OXIDATION-STATE METHYLTRANSFERASE; PRENATAL DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES AB Arsenic in the environment occurs in both organic and inorganic compounds in its trivalent or pentavalent state. Certain fish and crustaceans contain very high levels of organic arsenic, often as arsenobetaine. In most other foodstuffs, levels of arsenic are low, and the form is not known. The total daily intake of arsenic in the general population is reported to be approximately a few tenths of a milligram but varies to a great extent, depending on the amount of fish consumed. Both organic arsenic in seafood and inorganic arsenic in water, beverages, and drugs have been shown to be readily absorbed (70-90%) by the gastrointestinal tract. Some reports also indicate a fairly high degree of absorption after inhalation of arsenic. Absorbed arsenic, irrespective of form, is widely distributed in the body. After exposure to inorganic arsenic, clearance of arsenic from the skin, upper gastrointestinal tract, epididymis, thyroid, and skeleton is slower than from other organs. The highest levels of arsenic in humans are normally found in hair, nails, and skin. The main route of excretion is through the kidneys. After ingestion of arsenite or arsenate, approximately 35% of the dose is excreted within 2 days. From animal experiments it seems that insoluble inorganic arsenic inhaled through the airway is deposited and retained in lung tissue for a relatively long time. Animal data indicate accumulation of arsenobetaine in cartilage, testes, epididymis, and muscle. Of ingested arsenobetaine, 50-80% is excreted by the urine within 2 days. Biotransformation of inorganic arsenic has been shown to occur in both animals and humans. Methylated compounds, such as methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid, have been detected in urine after ingestion or inhalation of inorganic arsenic. Reduction of arsenate and oxidation of arsenite in vivo have been demonstrated in experimental animals. Recently, a human arsenic methyl transferase has been identified. Medications, contaminated food, beverages, and drinking water have given rise to a number of episodes of arsenic poisoning. Inorganic arsenic-induced skin lesions such as dermatoses, which may include eruption, pigmentation, or leukodermal hyperkeratosis, may ultimately lead to the development of skin cancer and Bowen's disease. Effects on the nervous system (e.g., peripheral nervous disturbance), as well as on the heart and circulatory system (e.g., abnormal electrocardiograms, and peripheral vascular disturbances with gangrene of the extremities), have also been reported after chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic. Hematological changes after inorganic arsenic exposure are characterized by anemia and leukopenia. Chronic oral ingestion of inorganic arsenic in drinking water has also been reported to cause internal cancers (lungs, bladder, kidneys, and liver). Arsenic poisoning among industrial workers is characterized by perforation of the nasal septum, skin changes, and peripheral neuritis. There is substantial epidemiological evidence of an excessive risk of lung cancer among workers exposed to arsenic. Arsine gas is a powerful hemolytic poison encountered under some industrial conditions. Arsine poisoning is characterized by nausea, vomiting, headache, shortness of breath, and hemoglobinuria. The literature on toxicology and environmental aspects of arsenicals has recently been reviewed by the World Health Organization (1981; 2001), in International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs (1982; 2004; 2006), Fowler (1983), and by the National Research Council (NRC) (1999). C1 [Fowler, Bruce A.; Chou, C. -H. Selene J.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jones, Robert L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chen, C. -J.] Acad Sinica, MPH Genom Res Ctr, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RP Fowler, BA (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 559 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0; 978-0-12-369413-3 PY 2007 BP 367 EP 406 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50074-4 PG 40 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300021 ER PT J AU Fowler, BA Sexton, MJ AF Fowler, Bruce A. Sexton, Mary J. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Bismuth SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; ORALLY-ADMINISTERED BISMUTH; QUADRUPLE THERAPY; TRIPLE THERAPY; CELL-DEATH; METALLOTHIONEIN INDUCTION; TESTICULAR MACROPHAGES; HYDRIDE GENERATION; TREATMENT REGIMENS; DUODENAL-ULCER AB Bismuth compounds are considered to be poorly to moderately absorbed after inhalation or ingestion, but there are no quantitative data. Absorbed bismuth is distributed throughout the soft tissues and bone, the highest concentrations being found in the kidney and liver. Absorbed bismuth is excreted primarily through the urine. The biological half-time for whole-body retention is about 5 days, but intranuclear inclusions containing bismuth seem to remain for years in the kidneys of patients treated with bismuth compounds. High-level exposure causes renal failure associated with degeneration and necrosis of the epithelium of the renal proximal tubules, fatty changes and necrosis of the liver, reversible dysfunction of the nervous system, skin eruptions, and pigmentation of the gums and intestine. There are no reports on occupational exposures. For the general population, the total daily intake in food is approximately 5-20 mu g, with much smaller amounts contributed by air and water. An important source of exposure for specific segments of the population in the past was the therapeutic use of bismuth compounds. The cosmetic use of bismuth compounds still continues to be fairly widespread. Bismuth subnitrate has been used to induce metallothionein in heart tissue and kidneys and to attenuate the toxicity of Adriamycin and cisplatin compounds, respectively. Short reviews on the toxicology of bismuth have been published by Browning (1969), Filipova (1971), Arena (1974), and Fowler and Vouk (1986). C1 [Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sexton, Mary J.] Univ Alaska, Ctr Alaska Native Hlth Res, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Fowler, BA (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 139 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0 PY 2007 BP 433 EP 443 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50077-X PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300024 ER PT J AU Fowler, BA Sexton, MJ AF Fowler, Bruce A. Sexton, Mary J. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Gallium and Semiconductor Compounds SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEVEL LASER THERAPY; PHASE-II TRIAL; LOW-POWER LASER; AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE; COOPERATIVE-ONCOLOGY-GROUP; GENERAL ILLNESS SYMPTOMS; CELL LUNG-CANCER; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; ARSENIDE EXPOSURE; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Gallium is a member of Group III of the Periodic Table of Elements, and new uses have been found for different chemical forms of this metal over the past two decades in the fields of semiconductor materials, lasers, cancer and malaria chemotherapy, and dental materials. The production of gallium for these uses has increased greatly during this period. Analytical methods for gallium include atomic absorption/emission spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, and, more recently, inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. The main health concerns for gallium have been centered on workers in the semiconductor industry engaged in production of gallium arsenide-based devices. Gallium is transported in the circulation bound to transferrin, and competition with iron for transferrin binding seems to be one mechanism by which it may act as an anticancer agent. Toxicity studies in experimental animal systems have shown gallium nitrate and gallium arsenide to produce toxicity to the lungs, immune system, kidneys, and hematopoietic systems. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified gallium arsenide as a human carcinogen. Studies of semiconductor workers are limited, but clinical trials in humans treated with gallium nitrate for various cancers have demonstrated renal toxicity as the primary side effect. C1 [Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sexton, Mary J.] Univ Alaska, Ctr Alaska Nat Hlth Res, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Fowler, BA (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 131 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0 PY 2007 BP 547 EP 555 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50082-3 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300029 ER PT J AU Faroon, OM Keith, LS Hansen, H Fowler, BA AF Faroon, Obaid M. Keith, L. Samuel Hansen, Hugh Fowler, Bruce A. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Germanium SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; CARBOXYETHYLGERMANIUM SESQUIOXIDE GE-132; MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY; INORGANIC GERMANIUM; INDUCED NEPHROPATHY; GROWTH SURVIVAL; PHASE-II; ICP-MS; SPIROGERMANIUM; RATS AB Animal experimental data show that germanium compounds, both inorganic and organic, are rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. The distribution among the organs and tissues is fairly uniform, and there is no evidence of preferential uptake or accumulation. Absorbed germanium is rapidly excreted, mainly in urine. Data on biological half-times are inadequate, but for the rat the whole-body retention half-time has been estimated at approximately 1.5 days. Germanium tetrachloride is a strong irritant of the respiratory system, skin, and the eye, possibly because it is easily hydrolyzed producing hydrogen chloride; in mice, high-level inhalation exposures caused necrosis of the tracheal mucosa, bronchitis, and interstitial pneumonia. Systemic toxicity of germanium compounds is comparatively low. The specific target or critical organs cannot be identified, but nephropathy, neuropathy, and hepatotoxicity are usually observed. Trialkylgermanium compounds are less toxic than the corresponding lead or tin alkyls. Germanium compounds do not seem to be carcinogenic. Dimethylgermanium oxide is teratogenic in chickens, but sodium germinate has not produced malformations in hamsters. There is little information on the toxicity of inorganic germanium compounds to man, except that germanium tetrachloride may produce skin irritation. In clinical trials, spirogermanium, an organo-germanium antitumor agent, has been shown to be neurotoxic. Recently, germanium was reported as having anticancer effects. A patient with 175 ppm of germanium hair level showed a variation of the fiber sizes of the skeletal muscles with dense cytoplasmic bodies, reduction of cytochrome c oxidase activity, mitochondrial myopathies, and vacuolar degeneration; similar findings were observed in rats treated with germanium oxide. High doses of germanium compounds (taken as supplements) induced remarkable lactic acidosis, hydropic degeneration of the proximal convoluted tubules with presence of inclusion bodies, and some cellular necrosis and subsequent renal failure; however, the renal glomeruli and the renal interstitial tissue seemed normal. Neurological effects involved negative deep tendon reflexes in the lower extremities and persistent tingling sensation of the palms and soles. In addition to severe cardiac dilation, vacuolar degeneration of myocardial cells and interstitial edema were observed. Inhalation is the main route of exposure under occupational conditions; the main source of germanium for the general population is food. Short reviews of the toxicology of germanium and its compounds have been published by Mogilevskaja (1973), Underwood (1977), and Aldridge (1978). Recent reviews on the adverse health effects were conducted by Ohri et al. (1993) and Tao and Bolger (1997). C1 [Faroon, Obaid M.; Keith, L. Samuel; Hansen, Hugh; Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Faroon, OM (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 105 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0 PY 2007 BP 557 EP 567 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50083-5 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300030 ER PT J AU Fowler, BA AF Fowler, Bruce A. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Indium SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; TESTICULAR TOXICITY; FERRIC DEXTRAN; TRACE AMOUNTS; TIN OXIDE; RATS; CHLORIDE AB Indium (In) compounds are poorly absorbed when ingested and moderately so when inhaled. Muscle, skin, and bone constitute the main storage sites, but the excretion routes vary depending on the form. Ionic indium is excreted primarily in urine; fecal elimination is the predominant route for removal of colloidal indium. A biphasic pattern of excretion and a whole-body biological half-time on the order of 2 weeks have been reported for both forms of indium. Ionic indium is concentrated in the kidneys, producing renal failure; colloidal indium is taken up by the reticuloendothelial system, causing damage to the liver and spleen. Ionic indium has been shown to produce marked ultrastructural damage in the endoplasmic reticulum of both hepatocytes and renal proximal tubule cells with associated disruption of heme metabolism and hemoprotein function. Intravenous administration of ionic indium to pregnant hamsters has been reported to produce malformations of the fetal digits. The most common routes of exposure for the general population are inhalation and ingestion; for occupationally exposed persons it is inhalation. The use of In for nanotechnology may increase the possibility of dermal absorption in work environments. The toxicology of indium has been reviewed by Izrael'son (1973), Smith et al. (1978), Fowler (1979; 1986), and Fowler and Sexton (2002). C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fowler, BA (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 104 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0 PY 2007 BP 569 EP 576 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50084-7 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300031 ER PT J AU Berlin, M Zalups, RK Fowler, BA AF Berlin, Maths Zalups, Rudolfs K. Fowler, Bruce A. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Mercury SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-TRANSPEPTIDASE; AMINO-ACID TRANSPORTERS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; PRENATAL METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER-1; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; PRIMARY ASTROCYTE CULTURES AB Mercury occurs as elemental mercury and as inorganic and organic compounds (mercury vapor, mercury liquid, mercury salts, short-chain alkylmercury compounds, alkoxyalkylmercury compounds, and phenyl mercury compounds), all having different toxicological properties. Total mercury can be analyzed in water, air, and biological material by cold vapor atomic absorption methods and by neutron activation analysis and can be detected down to concentrations of a tenth of a nanogram per gram in biological material. Methyl mercury can be detected in biological material at levels of a few nanograms by extraction with benzene after strong acidification with hydrochloric acid, followed by gas chromatographic analysis of methylmercury chloride. More recently, analytical methods for speciating inorganic mercury and several of the organo mercurial forms have been published. These methods include isotope dilution mass spectrometry, time of flight mass spectrometry, HPLC-ICP-MS, capillary electrophoresis-ICP, gas chromatography-ICP, and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Mercury is circulated naturally in the biosphere, with 30,000-50,000 tons being released into the atmosphere by degassing from the earth's crust and the oceans. In addition, 20,000 tons of mercury is released into the environment each year by human activities, such as combustion of fossil fuels and other industrial releases. Yearly, approximately 2000 tons of mercury is produced for industrial use, a small part of which is used for synthesizing organic mercury compounds. The world production of mercury for commercial uses has been slowly declining over the past 20 years. In nature, methylmercury is produced from inorganic mercury as a consequence of microbial activity. In mammals, oxidative demethylation occurs in vivo to produce inorganic mercury. In fish, the major amount of mercury is methylmercury. Factors determining the methylmercury concentration in fish are mercury content in water and bottom sediments, pH, and redox potential of water, species, age, and size of the fish. The toxic properties of mercury vapor are due to mercury accumulation in the brain causing neurological signs, involving an unspecific psychoasthenic and vegetative syndrome (micromercurialism). At high exposure levels, mercurial tremor is seen accompanied by severe behavioral and personality changes, increased excitability, loss of memory, and insomnia. Mercurials may also affect other organ systems, such as the kidney. On a group basis, exposure levels are likely to be reflected in mercury concentrations in blood and urine. Occupational exposure to mercury concentrations in air >0.1 mg/m(3) may produce mercurialism. Micromercurialism has not been reported at concentrations <0.01 mg/m(3). Exposure to mercury vapor inhibits fetal brain development in primates. The exact dose-response relationship in humans is not known. Inorganic but not methylmercury has been found to induce and bind to the low molecular weight metal-binding protein, metallothionein. The acute and long-term actions of mercuric salts, phenylmercury compounds, and alkoxyalkylmercury compounds are likely to be gastrointestinal disturbance and renal damage appearing as a tubular dysfunction with tubular necrosis in severe cases. The lethal dose in man is approximately 1 g of mercuric salt. The mercury load on the kidney is best determined by analysis of renal biopsy. Mercury concentrations in the kidney between 10 and 70 mg/kg have been reported in poison cases with renal injury. Levels <3 mg/kg may be found in normal cases. Occasionally, mercuric compounds may cause idiosyncratic skin symptoms, which may develop into severe exfoliative dermatitis or may cause glomerular nephritis. Animal and clinical observations have shown that mercuric mercury stimulates and methylmercury inhibits the immune system A specific form of idiosyncrasy, called acrodynia or pink disease, is seen in children. Most cases are associated with mercury exposure where increased levels of mercury in urine are observed. The hazards involved in long-term intake of food containing methylmercury and in occupational exposure to methylmercury are due to the efficient absorption (90%) of methylmercury in man and the long retention time (half-life of 70 days) with an accumulation of methylmercury in the brain. Chronic poisoning results in degeneration and atrophy of the sensory cerebral cortex, paresthesia, ataxia, hearing, and visual impairment. Prenatal exposure causes cerebral palsy and, in less severe cases, psychomotor retardation. Methylmercury concentration in blood and hair reflects the body burden and the concentration in brain of methylmercury. Intake resulting in body burdens of <0.5 mg/kg body weight is not likely to give rise to detectable neurological signs in adults. This intake corresponds to blood values of <200 mu g/L and mercury levels in hair of <50 mg/kg. However, this level of methylmercury exposure in pregnant women may result in inhibited brain development of the fetus with psychomotor retardation of the child. The highest level of methylmercury load in pregnant women, not associated with inhibition of fetal brain development, is not known. The history of mercury has been reviewed by Goldwater (1972). The pharmacology and toxicology of mercury has been previously reviewed by Clarkson et al. (1972), the chemistry of mercury in biological systems by Carty and Malone (1979), the toxicology of methylmercury by a Swedish Expert Group (1971), and the toxicology and epidemiology by Friberg and Vostal (1972), by the Task Group on Metal Accumulation (1973), by the Task Group on Metal Toxicity (1976), and by the WHO (1976; 1980; 1990; 1991). More recently, the toxicology of mercury has been reviewed in the USEPA Report to Congress (1998), ATSDR (1999), NAS/NRC (2000), and IOM Report on Mercury in Vaccines (2004). C1 [Berlin, Maths] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. [Zalups, Rudolfs K.] Mercer Univ, Sch Med, Div Basic Med Sci, Macon, GA 31207 USA. [Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Berlin, M (reprint author), Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. NR 714 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0 PY 2007 BP 675 EP 729 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50088-4 PG 55 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300035 ER PT J AU Holler, JS Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA AF Holler, James S. Nordberg, Gunnar F. Fowler, Bruce A. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Silver SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; LOCALIZED ARGYRIA; RADIOACTIVE SILVER; ORGAN DISTRIBUTION; ENLARGED HEARTS; EXPOSED RATS; HEAVY-METALS; ARGYROSIS; METABOLISM; PARTICLES AB Silver compounds may be absorbed through inhalation, but there are no quantitative human data on the extent of this phenomenon. Silver salts may be absorbed by up to 10-20% after ingestion. The highest concentrations of silver are usually found in the liver and spleen, and to some extent in the muscles, skin, and brain after ingestion. The biological half-time for silver ranges from a few days for animals up to approximately 50 days for the human liver; it is possible that skin deposits have an even longer half-time, but there are no quantitative data on this for man. Silver binds to high-molecular-weight proteins and metallothionein in tissue cytosol fractions. Excretion of silver from the body is primarily biliary. Water-soluble silver compounds such as the nitrate have a local corrosive effect and may cause fatal poisoning if swallowed accidentally. Chronic exposure of humans leads to argyria, a clinical entity characterized by grey-blue pigmentation of the skin and other body viscera. Repeated exposure of animals to silver may produce anemia, cardiac enlargement, growth retardation, and degenerative changes in the liver. C1 [Holler, James S.; Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nordberg, Gunnar F.] Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. RP Holler, JS (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 83 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0 PY 2007 BP 809 EP 814 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50094-X PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300041 ER PT J AU Keith, LS Faroon, OM Fowler, BA AF Keith, L. Samuel Faroon, Obaid M. Fowler, Bruce A. BE Nordberg, GF Fowler, BA Nordberg, M Friberg, LT TI Uranium SO HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; PHOSPHORESCENCE ANALYSIS KPA; DIOXIDE UO2 DUST; DEPLETED URANIUM; DRINKING-WATER; URANYL-NITRATE; NATURAL URANIUM; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; 5-YEAR INHALATION AB Uranium is an element with chemical and radiological properties that have made it useful in industry and commerce but toxic at sufficiently high levels to humans and the environment. Various analytical methods are available to determine the presence, concentration, or quantity of uranium in a range of media. These confirm its presence in ambient air, water, and soil, so human exposure is assured. At least seven of its more than 100 mineral forms are found at mineable levels in various parts of the world, and the primary producers are in Canada, Russia, Ukraine, Australia, and Central Africa. Uranium is mined primarily for the U-235 isotope. The process of enrichment adjusts the ratio of the three natural isotopes (U-234,U- 235,U- and 238) to produce two fractions. The one with an increased proportion of U-235 is enriched uranium and the source of energy production for nuclear reactors and weapons. The remaining portion is depleted in U-235 and termed depleted uranium (DU). Apart from energy production, uranium is used in a range of products that include glass tinting agents, ceramic glazes, gyroscope wheels, chemical catalysts, shields for high-intensity radioactive sources, X-ray tube targets, and military kinetic penetrator munitions. Uranium is such a ubiquitous substance that individuals are continually exposed to it in air, water, and food, as well as to the radiation it emits. Intake from water and food each approximate 0.9-1.5 mu g/day, with this being variable on the basis of the source of water (higher in ground water) or type of diet (higher in beef, beef kidney, onions, parley, and salt, but lower in poultry, fruit juices, canned vegetables, and dairy products. Air concentrations are normally low. The highest human exposures are in the uranium milling and production industries, with the greatest environmental remediation challenge coming from large volumes of mill tailings. Human exposure involves inhalation and ingestion (or more recently, military fragment wounds). Uranium absorption is low (0.2-<6%) by the typical routes of exposure. Once absorbed to blood, its distribution and elimination kinetics are primarily a function of solubility and oxidation state. Uranium entering body fluid in the tetravalent state is converted to hexavalent as the uranyl ion, which complexes with available citrate or bicarbonate in blood, or proteins in plasma. Distribution is throughout the body, with primary long-term concentration in lung (for heavy occupational exposure), bone, liver, and kidney. Initial elimination is rapid, with at least two time-phase components for excretion. Computer programs are available to estimate the timeframe concentrations in and radiation doses to the various organs and tissues. Federal Guidance Report No. 9 (EPA, 1988) and the computerized version of Federal Guidance Report No. 13 (EPA, 2005) provide Sv/Bq conversion factors for estimating the radiation dose (committed dose equivalent) received by the body and selected organs from inhaled or ingested uranium isotopes. Uranium has been found to cross the placenta and be excreted in breast milk. Overexposure can affect human and animal health. Although uranium is both a chemical and a radioactive material, it has been determined that its adverse health effects are primarily a result of its chemical rather than radiological toxicity (ATSDR, 1999). The damage mechanism for uranium retained in the lung involves irritation to the deep lung with the long-term potential for fibrosis and emphysema. The mechanism for renal toxicity involves the accumulation of uranium in the tubular epithelium and subsequent irritation that progresses to damage and necrosis on the basis of exposure level and duration. This may be associated with increased cellular oxidative stress, altered expression of genes involved in cell signaling, and inhibited sodium-dependent phosphate and glucose transport systems. The impact on liver enzymes and receptors might affect drug therapy regimens. Uranium can also interfere with bone remodeling and liver integrity. The health effects from exposure by normal routes are primarily to the kidney, and this damage has been shown to be reversible. Even before efforts began to produce uranium for nuclear weapons and energy production purposes, uranium was recognized for its ability to induce nephritis in laboratory animals. Less severe effects have been observed for the liver, lung, nervous, and reproductive system. Cancer is not expected, because it has not been observed in high-dose human and animal studies. If it should occur, bone sarcomas are regarded as the most likely to occur, because uranium and radium deposit long term in bone, and radium dial painters developed bone sarcomas. C1 [Keith, L. Samuel; Faroon, Obaid M.; Fowler, Bruce A.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Keith, LS (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 146 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-054610-0 PY 2007 BP 881 EP 903 DI 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50100-2 PG 23 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS56 UT WOS:000311285300047 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA Brown, DW AF Mensah, George A. Brown, David W. TI An overview of cardiovascular disease burden in the United States SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; GLOBAL BURDEN; MORTALITY; TRENDS; ADULTS; DISPARITIES; HEALTH AB Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. In the United States, CVD accounted for 34.4 percent of the 2.4 million deaths in 2003 and remain a major cause of health disparities and rising health care costs. In 2006, health care spending and lost productivity from CVD exceeded $400 billion. The aging population, obesity epidemic, underuse of prevention strategies, and suboptimal control of risk factors could exacerbate the future CVD burden. Increased adherence to clinical and community-level guidelines and renewed emphasis on policy, environmental, and lifestyle changes will be crucial for its effective prevention and control. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM GMensah@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 48 TC 143 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 15 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 38 EP 48 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.26.1.38 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 136LF UT WOS:000244223200005 PM 17211012 ER PT J AU Booth-Butterfield, S Welbourne, J Williams, C Lewis, V AF Booth-Butterfield, Steve Welbourne, Jennifer Williams, Charles Lewis, Vickie TI Formative field experiments of a NIOSH alert to reduce the risks to firefighters from structural collapse: applying the cascade framework SO HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID PLANNED BEHAVIOR AB The authors report two field experiments aimed at testing the impact of government safety recommendations. Using a cascade framework from the Communication Matrix (McGuire, 1985, 1989), the study tested effects of reminder cards, message format, argument quality, and mailer types on indicators of reception, processing, and response. Systematic combinations of these variables were mailed to randomly selected firefighting units in the United States. Fire chiefs were contacted by phone to complete a survey within the next month (Experiment 1, N = 2,000, 44% completion; Experiment 2, N = 600; 77% completion). Results showed highest reception rates (similar to 50%) with one reminder card and the standard government low-graphics format, and that greater reception produced stronger intentions. Processing was stronger with the standard government low-graphics format, and processing was correlated with more positive attitudes and intentions. Response indexes were favorable (> 4 on -point scale) under all conditions. Outcomes are interpreted within the framework of a communication cascade model. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Commun Res Branch, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Welbourne, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM jlwelbou@email.uncc.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1041-0236 J9 HEALTH COMMUN JI Health Commun. PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 PG 10 WC Communication; Health Policy & Services SC Communication; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 190JD UT WOS:000248054200008 PM 17617016 ER PT S AU Mugurungi, O Gregson, S McNaghten, AD Dube, S Grassly, NC AF Mugurungi, Owen Gregson, Simon McNaghten, A. D. Dube, Sabada Grassly, Nicholas C. BE Carael, M Glynn, JR TI HIV IN ZIMBABWE 1985-2003: MEASUREMENT, TRENDS AND IMPACT SO HIV, RESURGENT INFECTIONS AND POPULATION CHANGE IN AFRICA SE International Studies in Population LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; MALE FACTORY-WORKERS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RURAL ZIMBABWE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC; EASTERN ZIMBABWE; ADULT MORTALITY; INFECTION; AIDS AB HIV spread rapidly in Zimbabwe in the mid-late 1980s. By the mid-1990s, one-quarter of adults in the country were infected with HIV. HIV-1 subtype C is believed to be the predominant sub-type within the country and its spread has been mediated overwhelmingly by heterosexual sex. Sexual networks shaped by cultural and colonial influences, and the combination of a relatively high level of development and marked socio-economic inequalities, have facilitated the spread of HIV infection into the majority rural population, and have thereby fueled the large national epidemic. Classic sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis, gonorrhoea and Chlamydia have been controlled during the epidemic through a pioneering syndromic management programme, but Herpes simplex virus type 2 is extremely common. Male circumcision is only practised in minority groups. Blood transfusions were screened for HIV from an early stage in the epidemic and there is little evidence that contaminated needles have made more than a modest contribution to HIV transmission. The socio-demographic effects of the epidemic have been devastating and include sustained, crisis-level adult mortality, particularly in the most economically-active age-groups, a reversal of previous gains in early childhood survival, a rapid decline in population growth, and an inexorable rise in orphanhood. Since the late 1990s there have been signs of a leveling out in the HIV epidemic and of a decline in HIV incidence. There is evidence of reductions in rates of sexual partner change and of a decline in HIV prevalence in young people. These encouraging trends may reflect saturation of the epidemic within high risk groups, heightened mortality due to ageing of HIV infections, and changes in behaviour adopted in the face of the extreme adult mortality. Zimbabwe's well-educated population and extensive primary health care network are conducive to a relatively rapid response to the HIV epidemic and the Government's intensified efforts to control HIV transmission supported by those of its partners are also likely to have played a part in placing a brake on the national epidemic. C1 [Mugurungi, Owen] Minist Hlth & Child Welf, AIDS & TB Unit, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Gregson, Simon; Dube, Sabada; Grassly, Nicholas C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. [McNaghten, A. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McNaghten, A. D.] CDC Zimbabwe, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mugurungi, O (reprint author), Minist Hlth & Child Welf, AIDS & TB Unit, Mkwati Bldg,4th St, Harare, Zimbabwe. EM atp.director@africaonline.co.zw; s.gregson@imperial.ac.uk; aom5@cdc.gov; s.dube@imperial.ac.uk; n.grassly@imperial.ac.uk NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-0395 BN 978-1-4020-6174-5 J9 INT STUD POPUL PY 2007 VL 6 BP 195 EP 213 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6174-5_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-6174-5 PG 19 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BLM09 UT WOS:000270505100011 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Van Vliet, G AF Grosse, Scott D. Van Vliet, Guy TI Outcomes in CAH: Need for evidence-based estimates SO HORMONE RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID CONGENITAL ADRENAL-HYPERPLASIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Pediat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Sainte Justine Hosp, Endocrinol Serv & Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgrosse@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0163 J9 HORM RES JI Horm. Res. PY 2007 VL 68 IS 4 BP 203 EP 203 DI 10.1159/000103365 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 203PC UT WOS:000248985500008 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Van Vliet, G AF Grosse, Scott D. Van Vliet, Guy TI How many deaths can be prevented by newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia? SO HORMONE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE congenital adrenal hyperplasia, screening; neonatal screening; mortality, newborns; evidence-based medicine; cost-effectiveness analysis ID 20 YEARS EXPERIENCE; 21-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; CYP21 DEFICIENCY; FACT SHEETS; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; SWITZERLAND; PREVALENCE; GENOTYPE; DISEASE AB Background/Aims: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is increasingly being included in newborn screening programs. Screening can prevent neonatal mortality in children with salt-wasting CAH, but the number of deaths prevented is not known. Cost-effectiveness analyses of screening require estimates of the probability of mortality in CAH. Methods: We reviewed the literature to identify cohort studies of children with CAH ascertained clinically in the absence of screening. We abstracted the numbers of infant deaths attributable to CAH. We also addressed sex ratios among children with clinically detected CAH and the contribution of ascertainment bias to unbalanced ratios. Results: The evidence suggests a probability of infant death due to adrenal crises in salt-wasting CAH of 4% or less in contemporary advanced economies without screening for CAH. This is lower than previous estimates, although the rate of mortality could be considerably higher in populations with limited clinical awareness or access. Conclusion: Although screening for CAH is conducted in a number of countries, further research is still needed to provide reliable estimates on the numbers of prevented deaths, along with evidence-based assessments of the potential benefits, harms, and costs of screening. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Justine Hosp, Serv Endocrinol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. St Justine Hosp, Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Pediat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgrosse@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0163 J9 HORM RES JI Horm. Res. PY 2007 VL 67 IS 6 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1159/000098400 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 161UW UT WOS:000246042900004 PM 17199092 ER PT J AU Seward, J Jumaan, A AF Seward, Jane Jumaan, Aisha BE Arvin, A CampadelliFiume, G Mocarski, E Moore, PS Roizman, B Whitley, R Yamanishi, K TI VSV: persistence in the population SO HUMAN HERPESVIRUSES: BIOLOGY, THERAPY, AND IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VARICELLA-ZOSTER-VIRUS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; PREVENT HERPES-ZOSTER; ADULT CANCER-PATIENTS; POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; OLDER-ADULTS; CHICKEN-POX; MARROW TRANSPLANTATION C1 [Seward, Jane; Jumaan, Aisha] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Seward, Jane; Jumaan, Aisha] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Seward, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 137 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82714-0 PY 2007 BP 713 EP 733 D2 10.2277/ 0521827140 PG 21 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BXR52 UT WOS:000296850300041 ER PT J AU Kilbourne, AM Neumann, MS Pincus, HA Bauer, MS Stall, R AF Kilbourne, Amy M. Neumann, Mary S. Pincus, Harold A. Bauer, Mark S. Stall, Ronald TI Implementing evidence-based interventions in health care: application of the replicating effective programs framework SO IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Background: We describe the use of a conceptual framework and implementation protocol to prepare effective health services interventions for implementation in community-based (i.e., non-academic-affiliated) settings. Methods: The framework is based on the experiences of the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Replicating Effective Programs (REP) project, which has been at the forefront of developing systematic and effective strategies to prepare HIV interventions for dissemination. This article describes the REP framework, and how it can be applied to implement clinical and health services interventions in community-based organizations. Results: REP consists of four phases: pre-conditions (e. g., identifying need, target population, and suitable intervention), pre-implementation (e. g., intervention packaging and community input), implementation (e. g., package dissemination, training, technical assistance, and evaluation), and maintenance and evolution (e. g., preparing the intervention for sustainability). Key components of REP, including intervention packaging, training, technical assistance, and fidelity assessment are crucial to the implementation of effective interventions in health care. Conclusion: REP is a well-suited framework for implementing health care interventions, as it specifies steps needed to maximize fidelity while allowing opportunities for flexibility (i.e., local customizing) to maximize transferability. Strategies that foster the sustainability of REP as a tool to implement effective health care interventions need to be developed and tested. C1 [Kilbourne, Amy M.] VA Ann Arbor Natl Serious Mental Illness Treatmen, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Kilbourne, Amy M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Neumann, Mary S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pincus, Harold A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Bauer, Mark S.] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA USA. [Bauer, Mark S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Stall, Ronald] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Kilbourne, AM (reprint author), VA Ann Arbor Natl Serious Mental Illness Treatmen, Ann Arbor, MI USA. EM Amy.Kilbourne@va.gov; msn1@cdc.gov; pincush@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu; Mark.Bauer@va.gov; RStall@gsphdean.gsph.pitt.edu FU U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service [IIR 02-283-2]; VA Health Services Research and Development Service FX This research was supported by the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service (IIR 02-283-2; A. Kilbourne, PI). Dr. Kilbourne is funded by the Career Development Award Merit Review Entry Program from the VA Health Services Research and Development Service. NR 29 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 4 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1748-5908 J9 IMPLEMENT SCI JI Implement. Sci. PY 2007 VL 2 AR 42 DI 10.1186/1748-5908-2-42 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA V00IX UT WOS:000206783100042 PM 18067681 ER PT J AU Gershon, RRM Sherman, M Mitchell, C Vlahov, D Erwin, MJ Lears, MK Felknor, S Lubelczyk, RA Alter, MJ AF Gershon, Robyn R. M. Sherman, Martin Mitchell, Clifford Vlahov, David Erwin, Melissa J. Lears, Mary Kathleen Felknor, Sarah Lubelczyk, Rebecca A. Alter, Miriam J. TI Prevalence and risk factors for bloodborne exposure and infection in correctional healthcare workers SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS; HEPATITIS-C; UNITED-STATES; FACILITIES; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; HIV AB Objective. To determine the prevalence and risk factors for bloodborne exposure and infection in correctional healthcare workers (CHCWs). Design. Cross-sectional risk assessment study with a confidential questionnaire and serological testing performed during 1999-2000. Setting. Correctional systems in 3 states. Results. Among 310 participating CHCWs, the rate of percutaneous injury ( PI) was 32 PIs per 100 person-years overall and 42 PIs per 100 person-years for CHCWs with clinical job duties. Underreporting was common, with only 25 (49%) of 51 PIs formally reported to the administration. Independent risk factors for experiencing PI included being age 45 or older ( adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.41 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31-4.46]) and having job duties that involved needle contact ( aOR, 3.70 [ 95% CI, 1.28-10.63]) or blood contact ( aOR, 5.05 [95% CI, 1.45-17.54]). Overall, 222 CHCWs ( 72%) reported having received a primary hepatitis B vaccination series; of these, 150 (68%) tested positive for anti-hepatitis B surface antigen, with negative results significantly associated with receipt of last dose more than 5 years previously. Serologic markers of hepatitis B virus infection were identified in 31 individuals (10%), and the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection was 2% (n=7). The high hepatitis B vaccination rate limited the ability to identify risk factors for infection, but hepatitis C virus infection correlated with community risk factors only. Conclusion. Although the wide coverage with hepatitis B vaccination and the decreasing rate of hepatitis C virus infection in the general population are encouraging, the high rate of exposure in CHCWs and the lack of exposure documentation are concerns. Continued efforts to develop interventions to reduce exposures and encourage reporting should be implemented and evaluated in correctional healthcare settings. These interventions should address infection control barriers unique to the correctional setting. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Bay State Correct Ctr, Norfolk, VA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Correct Hlth Div Commonwealth Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gershon, RRM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 600 W 168th St,Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM rg405@columbia.edu RI Mitchell, Clifford/K-3936-2015 FU NIOSH CDC HHS [7R01OH03459-02] NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1086/510813 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NI UT WOS:000249120400005 PM 17230384 ER PT J AU Thigpen, MC Thomas, M Gloss, D Park, SY Khan, AJ Fogelman, VL Beall, B Van Beneden, CA Todd, RL Greene, CM AF Thigpen, Michael C. Thomas, Michael Gloss, David Park, Sarah Y. Khan, Amy J. Fogelman, Vicky L. Beall, Bernard Van Beneden, Chris A. Todd, Randall L. Greene, Carolyn M. TI Nursing home outbreak of invasive group a streptococcal infections caused by 2 distinct strains SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID PREVENTION; LESSONS; ONTARIO; DISEASE; CANADA AB Objective. To identify factors contributing to a cluster of deaths from invasive group A streptococcus ( GAS) infection in a nursing home facility and to prevent additional cases. Design. Outbreak investigation. Setting. A 146-bed nursing home facility in northern Nevada. Methods. We defined a case as the isolation of GAS from a normally sterile site in a resident of nursing home A. To identify case patients, we reviewed resident records from nursing home A, the local hospital, and the hospital laboratory. We obtained oropharyngeal and skin lesion swabs from staff and residents to assess GAS colonization and performed emm typing on available isolates. To identify potential risk factors for transmission, we performed a cohort study and investigated concurrent illness among residents and surveyed staff regarding infection control practices. Results. Six residents met the case patient definition; 3 ( 50%) of them died. Among invasive GAS isolates available for analysis, 2 distinct strains were identified: emm11 ( 3 isolates) and emm89 ( 2 isolates). The rate of GAS carriage was 6% among residents and 4% among staff; carriage isolates were emm89 ( 8 isolates), emm11 ( 2 isolates), and emm1 ( 1 isolate). Concurrently, 35 ( 24%) of the residents developed a respiratory illness of unknown etiology; 41% of these persons died. Twenty-one ( 30%) of the surveyed employees did not always wash their hands before patient contacts, and 27 ( 38%) did not always wash their hands between patient contacts. Conclusions. Concurrent respiratory illness likely contributed to an outbreak of invasive GAS infection from 2 strains in a highly susceptible population. This outbreak highlights the importance of appropriate infection control measures, including respiratory hygiene practices, in nursing home facilities. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Marketing, Div Publ Hlth Partnerships, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Nevada State Hlth Div, Carson City, NV USA. RP Thigpen, MC (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mthigpen@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1086/508821 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NI UT WOS:000249120400012 PM 17230390 ER PT J AU Kidd, KM Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Giblin, TB Tokars, JI Cardo, DM Solomon, SL AF Kidd, Kristen M. Sinkowitz-Cochran, Ronda L. Giblin, Tara B. Tokars, Jerome I. Cardo, Denise M. Solomon, Steven L. CA Prevention Epicenters Program TI Barriers to and facilitators of implementing an intervention to reduce the incidence of catheter-associated bloodstream infections SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID INTENSIVE-CARE; EDUCATION; IMPACT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, United States Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RLS7@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 103 EP 105 DI 10.1086/510874 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NI UT WOS:000249120400021 PM 17301938 ER PT J AU Wolfenden, LL Anderson, G Veledar, E Srinivasan, A AF Wolfenden, Linda L. Anderson, Grant Veledar, Emir Srinivasan, Arjun TI Catheter-associated bloodstream infections in 2 long-term acute care hospitals SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PROLONGED CRITICAL ILLNESS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS C1 Emory Univ, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Wolfenden, LL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, 1365A Clifton Rd,4th Floor, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM lwolfen@emory.edu RI Veledar, Emir/K-2808-2012 OI Veledar, Emir/0000-0002-3831-5433 NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 105 EP 106 DI 10.1086/510869 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NI UT WOS:000249120400022 PM 17301939 ER PT J AU M'ikanatha, NM Lynfield, R Julian, KG Van Beneden, CA de Valk, H AF M'ikanatha, Nkuchia M. Lynfield, Ruth Julian, Kathleen G. Van Beneden, Chris A. de Valk, Henriette BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Infectious disease surveillance: a cornerstone for prevention and control SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; OUTBREAK; COMPLETENESS; DENMARK; LESSONS; STATES C1 [M'ikanatha, Nkuchia M.] Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. [Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Julian, Kathleen G.] Penn State Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Hershey, PA USA. [Van Beneden, Chris A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [de Valk, Henriette] InVS, Dept Infect Dis, St Maurice, France. RP M'ikanatha, NM (reprint author), Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 3 EP 17 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400003 ER PT B AU Schuchat, A Desenclos, JC AF Schuchat, Anne Desenclos, Jean-Claude BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Infectious Disease Surveillance First Edition Foreword SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Schuchat, Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Desenclos, Jean-Claude] Inst Veille Sanit InVS, Dept Infect Dis, St Maurice, France. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP XVII EP XIX D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400001 ER PT B AU M'ikanatha, NM Lynfield, R Van Beneden, C de Valk, H AF M'ikanatha, Nkuchia M. Lynfield, Ruth Van Beneden, Chris de Valk, Henriette BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Infectious Disease Surveillance First Edition Preface SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [M'ikanatha, Nkuchia M.] Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. [Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Van Beneden, Chris] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [de Valk, Henriette] InVS, Dept Infect Dis, St Maurice, France. RP M'ikanatha, NM (reprint author), Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP XX EP XXI D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400002 ER PT J AU Van Beneden, CA Olsen, SJ Skoff, TH Lynfield, R AF Van Beneden, Chris A. Olsen, Sonja J. Skoff, Tami H. Lynfield, Ruth BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Active, population-based surveillance for infectious diseases SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; RURAL THAILAND; INFLUENZA; PNEUMONIA; CHILDREN C1 [Van Beneden, Chris A.; Skoff, Tami H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Olsen, Sonja J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. RP Van Beneden, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch3 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400005 ER PT J AU Moore, MR Lynfield, R Whitney, CG AF Moore, Matthew R. Lynfield, Ruth Whitney, Cynthia G. BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Surveillance for antimicrobial-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTIONS; DISEASE; IMPACT; ANTIBIOTICS; ADULTS C1 [Moore, Matthew R.; Whitney, Cynthia G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. RP Moore, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 44 EP 56 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch4 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400006 ER PT J AU Scallan, E Angulo, FJ AF Scallan, Elaine Angulo, Frederick J. BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Surveillance for foodborne diseases SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFECTIOUS INTESTINAL DISEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; GENERAL-PRACTICE; ENGLAND; FOOD; GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAKS; ILLNESS C1 [Scallan, Elaine; Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Scallan, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch5 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400007 ER PT J AU Whichard, JM Gay, K White, DG Chiller, TM AF Whichard, Jean M. Gay, Kathryn White, David G. Chiller, Tom M. BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Surveillance for antimicrobial resistance among foodborne bacteria: the US approach SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; VETERINARY-MEDICINE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FOOD ANIMALS; SALMONELLA; INFECTIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CAMPYLOBACTER; HUMANS C1 [Whichard, Jean M.; Gay, Kathryn; Chiller, Tom M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [White, David G.] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Div Anim & Food Microbiol, Laurel, MD USA. RP Whichard, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch7 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400009 ER PT J AU Leslie, MJ McQuiston, JH AF Leslie, Mira J. McQuiston, Jennifer H. BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Surveillance for zoonotic diseases SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; RABIES VIRUS; HUMAN HEALTH; EMERGENCE; INFECTIONS; WILDLIFE; BUSHMEAT; RISK C1 [Leslie, Mira J.] Washington Dept Hlth, Shoreline, WA USA. [McQuiston, Jennifer H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Leslie, MJ (reprint author), Washington Dept Hlth, Shoreline, WA USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 93 EP 106 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch8 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400010 ER PT J AU Hadler, JL Petersen, LR AF Hadler, James L. Petersen, Lyle R. BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Surveillance for vector-borne diseases SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-STATE; EARLY WARNING SYSTEM; LYME-DISEASE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CONNECTICUT; INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS; MOSQUITOS; EPIDEMIC C1 [Hadler, James L.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Sect, Hartford, CT USA. [Petersen, Lyle R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hadler, JL (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Sect, Hartford, CT USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 107 EP 123 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch9 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400011 ER PT J AU Danila, RN Fleischauer, AT AF Danila, Richard N. Fleischauer, Aaron T. BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Surveillance for agents of bioterrorism in the United States SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEW-YORK-CITY; SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; BIOLOGICAL TERRORISM; TULAREMIA OUTBREAK; PUBLIC-HEALTH; ANTHRAX; PREPAREDNESS; LESSONS; CONTAMINATION C1 [Danila, Richard N.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Fleischauer, Aaron T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Danila, RN (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 124 EP 135 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch10 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400012 ER PT J AU Reagan, S Lynfield, R Nolte, KB Fischer, M AF Reagan, Sarah Lynfield, Ruth Nolte, Kurt B. Fischer, Marc BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Surveillance for unexplained infectious disease-related deaths SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MEDICAL EXAMINERS; UNITED-STATES; PATHOLOGY; BIOTERRORISM; CORONERS C1 [Reagan, Sarah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Unexplained Death Project, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Nolte, Kurt B.] Univ New Mexico, New Mexico Off Med Investigator, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Fischer, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Reagan, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Unexplained Death Project, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 136 EP 146 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch11 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400013 ER PT J AU Gastmeier, P Coignard, B Horan, T AF Gastmeier, Petra Coignard, Bruno Horan, Teresa BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Surveillance for healthcare-associated infections SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; SYSTEM; RECOMMENDATIONS; RISK C1 [Gastmeier, Petra] Hannover Med Sch, Div Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Control, Inst Med Microbiol & Hosp Epidemiol, D-3000 Hannover, Germany. [Coignard, Bruno] InVS, Dept Infect Dis, St Maurice, France. [Horan, Teresa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gastmeier, P (reprint author), Hannover Med Sch, Div Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Control, Inst Med Microbiol & Hosp Epidemiol, D-3000 Hannover, Germany. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch13 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400015 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Harriman, K Morrison, MA AF Klevens, R. Monina Harriman, Kathleen Morrison, Melissa A. BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; EPIDEMIOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOGRAM; INFECTION; OUTBREAK C1 [Klevens, R. Monina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthcare Outcomes Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Harriman, Kathleen] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthcare Outcomes Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 171 EP 186 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch14 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400016 ER PT B AU Mokotoff, ED Glynn, MK AF Mokotoff, Eve D. Glynn, M. Kathleen BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Surveillance for HIV/AIDS in the United States SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIV; RISK; AIDS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC C1 [Mokotoff, Eve D.] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, HIV STD & Bloodborne Infect Surveillance Sect, Detroit, MI USA. [Glynn, M. Kathleen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mokotoff, ED (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, HIV STD & Bloodborne Infect Surveillance Sect, Detroit, MI USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch16 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400018 ER PT J AU Groseclose, SL Samuel, MC Weinstock, H AF Groseclose, Samuel L. Samuel, Michael C. Weinstock, Hillard BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Surveillance for sexually transmitted diseases SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; GONORRHEA; PREVALENCE; SYPHILIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHLAMYDIA; INFECTION; TRENDS; COMPLETENESS; STRATEGIES C1 [Groseclose, Samuel L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Samuel, Michael C.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, STD Control Branch, Div Communicable Dis Control, Richmond, CA USA. [Weinstock, Hillard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Groseclose, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 213 EP 228 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch17 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400019 ER PT J AU Iskander, JK Chen, RT AF Iskander, John K. Chen, Robert T. BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Public health surveillance for vaccine adverse events SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REPORTING-SYSTEM VAERS; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; SAFETY DATALINK PROJECT; UNITED-STATES; ROTAVIRUS VACCINATION; INFLUENZA VACCINE; BELLS-PALSY; SMALLPOX VACCINATION; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; INTUSSUSCEPTION C1 [Iskander, John K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chen, Robert T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Iskander, JK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 81 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 241 EP 253 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400021 ER PT J AU Brammer, L Postema, A Cox, N AF Brammer, Lynnette Postema, Alicia Cox, Nancy BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Seasonal and pandemic influenza surveillance SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; ADAMANTANE RESISTANCE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; A VIRUS; HOSPITALIZATION; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMICS; ILLNESS; IMPACT; H5N1 C1 [Brammer, Lynnette; Postema, Alicia; Cox, Nancy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brammer, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 254 EP 264 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch19 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400022 ER PT J AU Mahoney, F Hajjeh, RA Jones, GF Talaat, M Ghaffar, ANMA AF Mahoney, Frank Hajjeh, Rana A. Jones, Gerald F. Talaat, Maha Ghaffar, Abdel-Nasser Mohammed Abdel BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI National notifiable disease surveillance in Egypt SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; TYPHOID-FEVER; SYSTEMS; HEALTH C1 [Mahoney, Frank] WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Cairo, Egypt. [Jones, Gerald F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Div Integrated Surveillance Syst & Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ghaffar, Abdel-Nasser Mohammed Abdel] Minist Hlth & Populat, Epidemiol & Surveillance Unit, Prevent Sect, Cairo, Egypt. [Hajjeh, Rana A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Hib Initiat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hajjeh, Rana A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Talaat, Maha] USN, Dis Surveillance Program, Res Unit, NAMRU 3 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Mahoney, F (reprint author), WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Cairo, Egypt. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 318 EP 332 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch24 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400027 ER PT J AU Perilla, MJ Zell, ER AF Perilla, Mindy J. Zell, Elizabeth R. BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Analysis and interpretation of reportable infectious disease data SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Perilla, Mindy J.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Zell, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Perilla, MJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 367 EP 379 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch28 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400032 ER PT J AU Lee, LM Rutherford, GW AF Lee, Lisa M. Rutherford, George W. BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Analysis and interpretation of case-based HIV/AIDS surveillance data SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS; UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; AIDS EPIDEMIC; COMPLETENESS; SURVIVAL; TRENDS; ADOLESCENTS; DIAGNOSES C1 [Lee, Lisa M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rutherford, George W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Global Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Lee, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 380 EP 392 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch29 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400033 ER PT J AU Buehler, JW Sosin, DM Platt, R AF Buehler, James W. Sosin, Daniel M. Platt, Richard BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Evaluation of surveillance systems for early epidemic detection SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE C1 [Buehler, James W.] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness & Res, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Platt, Richard] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. [Platt, Richard] Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare, Boston, MA USA. [Sosin, Daniel M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Buehler, JW (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness & Res, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 432 EP 442 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch33 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400038 ER PT J AU Shaw, FE Goodman, RA AF Shaw, Frederic E. Goodman, Richard A. BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Legal considerations for isolation and quarantine in the United States SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; OUTBREAK C1 [Shaw, Frederic E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shaw, FE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 460 EP 469 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400041 ER PT J AU Koo, D Hamilton, DH Thacker, SB AF Koo, Denise Hamilton, Douglas H. Thacker, Stephen B. BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Training in applied epidemiology and infectious disease surveillance: contributions of the Epidemic Intelligence Service SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; CAT-SCRATCH-DISEASE; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; SHIGELLA SURVEILLANCE; SYSTEM; CONNECTICUT; TENNESSEE C1 [Koo, Denise; Hamilton, Douglas H.; Thacker, Stephen B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koo, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 470 EP 480 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch36 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400042 ER PT J AU Stockman, LJ Tsang, T Parashar, UD AF Stockman, Lauren J. Tsang, Thomas Parashar, Umesh D. BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI SARS surveillance in Hong Kong and the United States during the 2003 outbreak SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID ACUTE-RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME; PUBLIC-HEALTH INTERVENTIONS; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; CORONAVIRUS C1 [Stockman, Lauren J.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tsang, Thomas] Ctr Hlth Protect, Dept Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Stockman, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 511 EP 523 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400046 ER PT B AU Lynfield, R M'ikanatha, NM Van Beneden, CA de Valk, H AF Lynfield, Ruth M'ikanatha, Nkuchia M. Van Beneden, Chris A. de Valk, Henriette BA Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H BF Mikanatha, NM Lynfield, R VanBeneden, CA DeValk, H TI Future directions in infectious disease surveillance SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [M'ikanatha, Nkuchia M.] Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. [Van Beneden, Chris A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [de Valk, Henriette] InVS, Dept Infect Dis, St Maurice, France. RP Lynfield, R (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-69209-7 PY 2007 BP 524 EP 525 DI 10.1002/9780470692097.ch40 D2 10.1002/9780470692097.ch1 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BCJ61 UT WOS:000310294400047 ER PT J AU Dankovic, D Kuempel, E Wheeler, M AF Dankovic, David Kuempel, Eileen Wheeler, Matthew TI An approach to risk assessment for TiO2 SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Inhalation Symposium CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2006 CL Hannover, GERMANY SP German Soc Toxicol, Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US EPA ID CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE PARTICLES; PULMONARY RESPONSE; DIESEL EXHAUST; CARBON-BLACK; LUNG-CANCER; RATS; CLEARANCE; MORTALITY; WORKERS AB Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a poorly soluble, low-toxicity (PSLT) particle. Fine TiO2 (< 2.5 mu m) has been shown to produce lung tumors in rats exposed to 250 mg/m(3), and ultrafine TiO2 (< 0.1 mu m diameter) has been shown to produce lung tumors in rats at 10 mg/m(3). We have evaluated the rat dose-response data and conducted a quantitative risk assessment for TiO2. Preliminary conclusions are: (1) Fine and ultrafine TiO2 and other PSLT particles show a consistent dose-response relationship when dose is expressed as particle surface area; (2) the mechanism of TiO2 tumor induction in rats appears to be a secondary genotoxic mechanism associated with persistent inflammation; and (3) the inflammatory response shows evidence of a nonzero threshold. Risk estimates for TiO2 depend on both the dosimetric approach and the statistical model that is used. Using 7 different dose-response models in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) benchmark dose software, the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) rat lung dose associated with a 1 per 1000 excess risk ranges from 0.0076 to 0.28 m(2)/g-lung of particle surface area, with 95% lower confidence limits (LCL) of 0.0059 and 0.042, respectively. Using the ICRP particle deposition and clearance model, estimated human occupational exposures yielding equivalent lung burdens range from approximately 1 to 40 mg/m(3) (MLE) for fine TiO2, with 95% LCL approximately 0.7-6 mg/m(3). Estimates using an interstitial sequestration lung model are about one-half as large. Bayesian model averaging techniques are now being explored as a method for combining the various estimates into a single estimate, with a confidence interval expressing model uncertainty. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Dankovic, D (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM dad4@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 19 SU 1 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1080/08958370701497754 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 210CM UT WOS:000249434300028 PM 17886069 ER PT J AU Eastes, W Baron, PA Baier, RE Guldberg, M Potter, R AF Eastes, Walter Baron, Paul A. Baier, Robert E. Guldberg, Marianne Potter, Russell TI Do vitreous fibers break in the lung? SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STONE WOOL FIBERS; DISSOLUTION RATE; INHALATION; MODEL; RATS; BIOSOLUBILITY; PARTICLES AB In order to determine whether breakage of long vitreous fibers in the lung could be responsible for removing significant numbers of these fibers, an intratracheal instillation study was done with a preparation consisting of mostly long fibers of two different types. Following instillation of both fibers, laboratory rats were sacrificed at 6 times up to 14 days. The NK (conventional borosilicate glass) fiber preparation had about 20% short fibers (length <= 15 mu m) initially, and fibers recovered from the lungs remained at that proportion for the entire 14 days. But the HT (a new rock or stone wool) fiber preparation, which had about 5% short fibers initially, jumped to about 50% short fibers at 2 days and remained at that proportion for the rest of the study. The appearance of many short HT fibers where there were few initially is conclusive evidence that these long fibers break, and it explains their rapid removal from the lung. Since the HT fibers dissolve rapidly at acid pH, but slowly at the near neutral pH of the extracellular lung fluid, it is likely that acid attack by phagocytic cells is causing the long fibers to dissolve and break. The long NK fibers dissolve rapidly at neutral pH but slowly at acid pH and thus appear to clear by more or less uniform dissolution without apparent breakage. The long fibers of these two kinds are removed rapidly at about the same rate, but by a different mechanism. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, US PHS, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Rockwool Int AS, Hedehusene, Denmark. Owens Corning, Granville, OH USA. RP Eastes, W (reprint author), 288 Bryn Du Dr, Granville, OH 43023 USA. EM eastes@infinet.com NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.1080/08958370601144530 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 146HR UT WOS:000244925600001 PM 17365035 ER PT S AU Podgornik, MN Postema, A English, R Uhde, KB Bloom, S Hicks, P McMurray, P Copeland, J Brammer, L Thompson, WW Bresee, JS Tokars, JI AF Podgornik, Michelle N. Postema, Alicia English, Roseanne Uhde, Kristin B. Bloom, Steve Hicks, Peter McMurray, Paul Copeland, John Brammer, Lynnette Thompson, William W. Bresee, Joseph S. Tokars, Jerome I. BE Zeng, D TI The Influenza Data Summary A prototype application for visualizing national influenza activity SO INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY INFORMATICS: BIOSURVEILLANCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd NSF Biosurveillance Workshop CY MAY 22, 2007 CL New Brunswick, NJ SP NSF DE syndromic surveillance; influenza ID UNITED-STATES AB The Influenza Data Summary (IDS) is a tool that provides a unified view of influenza activity in the United States. It currently incorporates data from portions of the U.S. Influenza Surveillance System and BioSense. The IDS allows users to customize dashboards, interactive maps, and graphs from each of these data sources. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the IDS and to discuss current features and future plans for improvement. C1 [Podgornik, Michelle N.; English, Roseanne; Uhde, Kristin B.; Bloom, Steve; Hicks, Peter; McMurray, Paul; Tokars, Jerome I.] Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Postema, Alicia; Brammer, Lynnette; Thompson, William W.; Bresee, Joseph S.] Natl Ctr Immunizat &Respiratory Diseases, Ctr Disease Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Podgornik, MN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MPodgornik@cdc.gov; APostema@cdc.gov; RXE1@cdc.gov; KUhde@cdc.gov; SBloom@cdc.gov; PHicks@cdc.gov; PMcMurray@cdc.gov; JCopeland@cdc.gov; LBrammer@cdc.gov; WThompson1@cdc.gov; JBresee@cdc.gov; JTokars@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-72607-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4506 BP 159 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGG61 UT WOS:000246687800015 ER PT J AU Rainey, JJ Omenah, D Sumba, PO Moormann, AM Rochford, R Wilson, ML AF Rainey, Jeanette J. Omenah, Dorine Sumba, Peter O. Moormann, Ann M. Rochford, Rosemary Wilson, Mark L. TI Spatial clustering of endemic Burkitt's lymphoma in high-risk regions of Kenya SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE endemic Burkitt's lymphoma; Kenya; Nyanza Province; GIS; spatial clustering ID EAST-AFRICA; TIME; VIRUS; DISTRICT; TUMOUR; UGANDA; MALAWI AB Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (eBL), the most common childhood cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, occurs at a high incidence in western Kenya, a region that also experiences holoendemic malaria. Holoendemic malaria has been identified as a co-factor in the etiology of this cancer. We hypothesized that eBL may cluster spatially within this region. Medical records for all eBL cases diagnosed from 1999 through 2004 at Nyanza Provincial General Hospital were reviewed for case residential information to examine this hypothesis. Two cluster detection methods, Anselin's Local Moran test for spatial autocorrelation and a spatial scan test statistic, were applied to this residential data to determine whether statistically significant high- and low-risk areas were present in the Province. During the 6-year study period, 272 children were diagnosed with eBL, with an average annual incidence of 2.15 cases per 100,000 children. Using Empirical Bayes smoothed rates, the Local Moran test identified I large multi-centered area of low eBL risk (p-values < 0.01) and 2 significant multi-centered clusters of high eBL risk (p-values < 0.001). The spatial scan detected 3 small independent low-risk areas (p-values < 0.02) and 2 high-risk clusters (p-values = 0.001), both similar in location to those identified from the Local Moran analysis. Significant spatial clustering of elevated eBL risk in high-malaria transmission regions and of reduced incidence where malaria is infrequent suggests that malaria plays a role in the complex eBL etiology, but that additional factors are also likely involved. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Global Hlth & Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Syracuse, NY USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Rainey, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, MS E-05,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jkr7@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [K08 AI51565] NR 32 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 1 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1002/ijc.22179 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 114FY UT WOS:000242653300017 PM 17019706 ER PT J AU Hiratsuka, VY Loo, R Will, JC Oberrecht, R Poindexter, P AF Hiratsuka, Vanessa Y. Loo, Ryan Will, Julie C. Oberrecht, Rebecca Poindexter, Patricia TI Cardiovascular disease risk factor screening among Alaska Native women: The Traditions of the Heart project SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Alaska Native; American Indian; cardiovascular disease prevention; women; health ID SIBERIA PROJECT; PREVENTION AB Objectives. To describe tobacco use, obesity and overweight, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol and impaired glucose tolerance in Alaska Native and American Indian women living in the Anchorage area. Study Design. Cross-sectional evaluation of women enrolled in the Traditions of the Heart program. Methods. Traditions of the Heart was a randomized controlled trial of an intervention to reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Starting in October 2000, Southcentral Foundation provided a 12-week group lifestyle intervention to eligible Alaska Native and American Indian women aged 40 to 64 residing in the Anchorage area. The study included assessment of biochemical and behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Results. Of the 1334 women who enrolled between October 2000 and July 2005, 33.5% were current smokers, 78.8% were overweight or obese, 10.9% were hypertensive, 21.4% had elevated total cholesterol, and 5.6% had fasting glucose concentrations >= 126 mg/dL. Conclusions. The women in this study had many risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Interventions are needed to reduce these risk factors among Alaska Native women. C1 Southcent Fdn, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Oberrecht, R (reprint author), Southcent Fdn, 4501 Diplomacy Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM roberrecht@southcentralfoundation.com NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 1239-9736 EI 2242-3982 J9 INT J CIRCUMPOL HEAL JI Int. J. Circumpolar Health PY 2007 SU 1 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 237TH UT WOS:000251398800006 ER PT J AU Brophy, JT Keith, MM Gorey, KM Laukkanen, E Luginaah, I Abu-Zahra, H Watterson, AE Hellyer, DJ Reinhartz, A Park, RM AF Brophy, James T. Keith, Margaret M. Gorey, Kevin M. Laukkanen, Ethan Luginaah, Isaac Abu-Zahra, Hakam Watterson, Andrew E. Hellyer, Deborah J. Reinhartz, Abraham Park, Robert M. TI Cancer and construction: What occupational histories in a Canadian community reveal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE laryngeal; head-and-neck cancers; esophageal cancers; occupational histories; construction industry; population-based research ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; JOB-EXPOSURE MATRIX; MACHINING-FLUID EXPOSURE; RISK-FACTORS; LARYNGEAL-CANCER; AUTOMOBILE-INDUSTRY; NECK-CANCER; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; MORTALITY RATIO; GASTRIC CARDIA AB From 2000 to 2002, male patients at a Canadian cancer treatment center with new-incident head-and-neck or esophageal cancers were invited to participate in a population-based study. The study population included 87 cases and 172 controls. A lifetime-history questionnaire was administered. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for occupational groups with a minimum of five cases, adjusted for duration of employment, age, smoking, alcohol, education, and income. A significantly increased risk was shown for construction workers (OR = 2.20; 95% CI 1.25-3.91). This investigation of a set of rare cancers over a limited time period demonstrates the feasibility of this research approach. The increased risk among construction workers supports the need for more comprehensive study of exposures in this occupational group. C1 Occupat Hlth Clin Ontario Workers, Windsor, ON, Canada. Univ Stirling, Occupat & Environm Hlth Res Grp, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. Univ Windsor, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Univ Windsor, Sch Social Work, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Geog, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Prince Edward Isl Canc Treatment Ctr, Windsor, ON, Canada. Windsor Reg Hosp, Windsor, ON, Canada. NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Brophy, JT (reprint author), 171 Kendall, Point Edward, ON N7V 4G6, Canada. EM jbrophy@ohcow.on.ca NR 108 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 150CS UT WOS:000245193800006 PM 17427346 ER PT J AU Albers, JT Hudock, SD AF Albers, James T. Hudock, Stephen D. TI Biomechanical assessment of three rebar tying techniques SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE construction; biomechanics; reinforcing ironwork ID RISK-FACTORS; CONSTRUCTION; DISORDERS; WORK AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a study of ironworkers to evaluate their risk for developing back and hand injuries from hand-tying reinforcing steel bar and to investigate whether power tying tools can be an effective intervention for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. A field investigation of biomechanical loading when using 3 techniques to tie together rebar was conducted. Researchers measured employees' wrist and forearm movement with goniometers and videotaped and analyzed trunk postures. Manually tying rebar at ground level involved sustained deep trunk bending and rapid, repetitive, and forceful hand-wrist and forearm movements. Using a power tier significantly reduced the hand-wrist and forearm movements and allowed the ironworkers to use one free hand to support their trunk posture while tying. Adding an extension handle to the power tier allowed the ironworkers to tie rebar while standing erect, minimizing sustained trunk flexion. C1 NIOSH, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Albers, JT (reprint author), NIOSH, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS C-24 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM JAlbers@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTRAL INST LABOUR PROTECTION-NATL RESEARCH INST PI WARSAW PA UL CZERNIAKOWSKA 16, WARSAW, 00-701, POLAND SN 1080-3548 J9 INT J OCCUP SAF ERGO JI Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 279 EP 289 PG 11 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 213PV UT WOS:000249680500005 PM 17888237 ER PT J AU Baska, T Sovinova, H Nemeth, A Prewozniak, K Warren, CW Baskova, M AF Baska, Tibor Sovinova, Hana Nemeth, Agnes Prewozniak, Krysztof Warren, Charles W. Baskova, Martina CA Czech Republic Hungary Poland Slov TI Environmental tobacco smoke of youngsters in Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia - Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE environmental tobacco smoke; epidemiology; adolescent ID CHILDRENS EXPOSURE; URINARY COTININE; PASSIVE SMOKING; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; DETERMINANTS; ATTITUDES AB Objectives: To present data on Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS), Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Methods: A questionnaire survey of a representative sample of 16 918 schoolchildren aged 13-15 years (2002-2003). Results: Exposure to ETS was reported more frequently in public places than in homes and more frequently from current smokers (CS) than from never smokers (NS). ETS in homes was lower in Czech (57.6 % in CS, 24.7 % in NS) than in other countries (the highest in Poland: 93.0% in CS, 80.9% in NS). ETS in public places was highest in Hungary (96.9% in CS, 89.2% in NS), lowest in Czech (90.1 % in CS, 57.3 % in NS). Most students considered ETS as harmful and presented positive attitudes towards smoking ban. Discussion: ETS in studied countries, save the Czech Republic, exceeded the global prevalence, while the situation is better than in numerous other Eastern European countries. C1 Comenius Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Jessenius Fac Med, Martin 03753, Slovakia. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Prague, Czech Republic. Natl Ctr Hlth Promot & Dev, Budapest, Hungary. Maria Sklodowska Curie Canc Ctr, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baska, T (reprint author), Comenius Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Jessenius Fac Med, Sklabinska 26, Martin 03753, Slovakia. EM baska@jfmed.uniba.sk NR 21 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 62 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s00038-006-6054-x PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 167NK UT WOS:000246458200011 PM 17966821 ER PT J AU FitzGerald, M Workowski, K AF FitzGerald, Mark Workowski, Kimberly TI Developing sexually transmitted disease guidelines in the USA and the UK SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Review DE sexually transmitted diseases; practice guidelines ID GENITOURINARY MEDICINE CLINICS; NATIONAL GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT; INFECTIONS; STANDARDS AB Management guidelines for sexually transmitted diseases are reviewed and updated every four years at a workshop of experts convened by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They are disseminated in paper and electronic formats, and are widely accessed. Their recommendations are graded according to quality of evidence, benefits versus harms, and applicability. In the UK, guidelines are commissioned by the Clinical Effectiveness Group, following a specific methodology, then modified after consultation within the specialty of genitourinary medicine. Some issues are problematic for both guidelines, notably areas where the evidence is weak, where diagnostics and treatments are changing rapidly, and in knowing the extent to which guidelines actually influence practice. C1 British Assoc Sexual Hlth & HIV, Clin Effect Grp, London, England. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Div STD Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP FitzGerald, M (reprint author), Musgrove Pk Hosp, Dept Genitourinary Med, Taunton TA1 5DA, Somerset, England. EM gu.med@tst.nhs.uk NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD JAN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1258/095646207779949835 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 141KH UT WOS:000244576800002 PM 17326854 ER PT J AU Gallo, MF Behets, FM Steiner, MJ Thomsen, SC Ombidi, W Luchters, S Toroitich-Ruto, C Hobbs, MM AF Gallo, M. F. Behets, F. M. Steiner, M. J. Thomsen, S. C. Ombidi, W. Luchters, S. Toroitich-Ruto, C. Hobbs, M. M. TI Validity of self-reported 'safe sex' among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya - PSA analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE prostate-specific antigen; condoms; biological markers; behavioural research ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; CONDOM FAILURE; HIV/STD-PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR; RELIABILITY; SEMEN; ACCEPTABILITY; INTERVIEWS; INFECTION AB We assessed the validity of self-reported sex and condom use by comparing self-reports with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection in a prospective study of 210 female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya. Participants were interviewed on recent sexual behaviours at baseline and 12-month follow-up visits. At both visits, a trained nurse instructed participants to self-swab to collect vaginal fluid specimens, which were tested for PSA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eleven percent of samples (n=329) from women reporting no unprotected sex for the prior 48 hours tested positive for PSA. The proportions of women with this type of discordant self-reported and biological data did not differ between the enrolment and 12-month visit (odds ratio [OR] 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99, 1.2). The study found evidence that participants failed to report recent unprotected sex. Furthermore, because PSA begins to clear immediately after exposure, our measures of misreported semen exposure likely are underestimations. C1 Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Int Ctr Reprod Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. Family Hlth Int, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Gallo, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Bulford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mgallo@cdc.gov RI Thomsen, Sarah/D-4924-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI031496, N01 AI075329] NR 30 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD JAN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1258/095646207779949899 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 141KH UT WOS:000244576800007 PM 17326860 ER PT J AU Rothenberg, R Peterson, J Brown, M Kraft, JM Trotter, R Beeker, C AF Rothenberg, Richard Peterson, John Brown, Mark Kraft, Joan Marie Trotter, Robert Beeker, Carolyn TI Heterogeneity of risk among African-American men who have sex with men SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; AAMSM; social networks; sexual risk; epidemiology ID HIV RISK; HIGH AGREEMENT; LOS-ANGELES; LOW KAPPA; GAY; INFECTION; BEHAVIORS; PARADOXES; STRESS AB The objective of this study was to examine the social mixing and sexual risk taking of African-American men who have sex with men (AAMSM). The design was a cross-sectional survey with targeted, ethnographically informed recruitment of respondents (n=95), and subsequent recruitment of their network partners (n=63). We ascertained current demographics, occupation, peer norms for sexual activity, community involvement, and information about members of their social and sexual network. Risk level was categorized by the frequency of anal sex and the consistency of condom use for anal sex. Twenty-nine of 158 (18.4%) persons were classified as being at high risk (any anal intercourse in the past three months with less than 100% condom use); 79 of 158 (50%) were at medium risk (any anal intercourse in the past three months with 100% condom use reported), and 50 (31.7%) were at low risk (no reported anal intercourse). The risk groups were similar with regard to perception of behavioural and community norms. White-collar workers associated predominantly with each other and other groups mixing preferentially with white-collar workers. Clustering within contact networks (the extent to which partners to a respondent know each other) was high for all risk groups (similar to 0.4-0.5), indicating dense, interactive networks. In conclusion, this study group demonstrates a greater degree of social mixing and heterogeneity than is commonly assumed for AAMSM. At least some portion of AAMSM has internalized public health messages about safer sexual activity. Intervention programmes should avoid the pitfalls of assumed homogeneity. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Anthropol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Rothenberg, R (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, 69 Jesse Hill Jr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM rrothen@emory.edu FU PHS HHS [265957, 266191, U64/CCU410874] NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD JAN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1258/095646207779949826 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 141KH UT WOS:000244576800010 PM 17326863 ER PT J AU Purdy, MA Talekar, G Swenson, P Araujo, A Fields, H AF Purdy, Michael A. Talekar, Ganesh Swenson, Paul Araujo, Aufra Fields, Howard TI A new algorithm for deduction of hepatitis B surface antigen subtype determinants from the amino acid sequence SO INTERVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE genotype/subtype associations; antibody reactivity; hepatitis B virus serotype; hepatitis B virus genotype; hepatitis B virus surface antigen ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HBSAG SUBTYPES; VIRUS-STRAINS; AUSTRALIA ANTIGEN; COMPLETE GENOME; S-GENE; GENOTYPE; IDENTIFICATION; RELATEDNESS; DIVERSITY AB Objective: We have reexamined hepatitis B virus subtypes to determine the role of specific HBsAg amino acids in serologic reactivity because of problematic genotype/subtype associations seen in a set of geographically diverse serum specimens. Methods: We obtained DNA sequences for 491 HBsAg-positive specimens from geographically distinct locations, determined their genotypes through phylogenetic analysis, and subtyped the specimens using an algorithm derived from published data on the molecular basis of HBsAg subtype reactivity. Problematic samples were subtyped serologically to resolve conflicts based on the amino acid sequence alone. Results: Three isolates were found to have unusual genotype/subtype associations. Examination of the isolates' amino acid sequences suggested amino acid positions 122, 127, 140, 159 and 160 can be used to determine subtype reactivity from HBsAg amino acid sequences, while position 134, previously thought to play a role, is no longer important. Conclusions: This re-examination of hepatitis B virus subtypes shows the involvement of amino acid positions 122, 127, 140, 159 and 160 in HBsAg reactivity. While d, y, and r reactivities are controlled by single amino acid changes, w reactivity is determined by positions 122, 127, 140, and 159. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Purdy, MA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, MS-A33,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MPurdy@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-5526 J9 INTERVIROLOGY JI Intervirology PY 2007 VL 50 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1159/000096312 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 117BH UT WOS:000242847000007 PM 17164557 ER PT J AU Schwarcz, S Weinstock, H Louie, B Kellogg, T Douglas, J LaLota, M Dickinson, G Torian, L Wendell, D Paul, S Goza, G Ruiz, J Boyett, B McCormick, L Bennett, D AF Schwarcz, Sandra Weinstock, Hillard Louie, Brian Kellogg, Timothy Douglas, John LaLota, Marlene Dickinson, Gordon Torian, Lucia Wendell, Deborah Paul, Sindy Goza, Garald Ruiz, Juan Boyett, Brian McCormick, Lyle Bennett, Diane TI Characteristics of persons with recently acquired HIV infection - Application of the serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion in 10 US cities SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE ethnicity; HIV; HIV prevention; HIV testing; race ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; SEX; PREVENTION; MEN AB Background: Information about the characteristics of persons whose HIV diagnosis was made soon after infection contributes to a better understanding of the HIV epidemic and to appropriate targeting of care and prevention efforts. Methods: In 10 US cities from 1997 through 200 1, specimens from consenting persons for whom a diagnosis of HIV was made within the past 12 months in were tested using the serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion. The characteristics of those whose HIV diagnosis occurred within 170 days (on average) from seroconversion were identified. Results: For 191 (20%) of the 964 participants, an HIV diagnosis was made during the period of recent infection. These diagnoses of recent infection were made more frequently among men (21.7%), whites (29.3%), men who have sex with men (25.5%), persons with a known HlV-infected partner (24.9%), and persons with a diagnosis of gonorrhea made in the 12 months before interview (27.0%). Recent infection was diagnosed less frequently among African Americans (15.5%), Latinos (15.5), and heterosexual men (14.7%) and women (14.4%). Conclusions: To increase early diagnosis of HIV, HIV testing should be more routinely offered to persons with a recent history of sexually transmitted diseases and to African Americans and Latinos in a variety of settings. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Denver Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Miami Vet Adm Med Ctr, Miami, FL 33152 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. State New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. Houston Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schwarcz, S (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, 25 Van Ness Ave,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. EM sandy.schwarcz@sfdph.org NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 112 EP 115 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000247228.30128.dc PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 121XD UT WOS:000243189400017 PM 17075386 ER PT J AU Blachere, FM Green, BJ Schmechel, D Beezhold, DH AF Blachere, F. M. Green, B. J. Schmechel, D. Beezhold, D. H. TI Initial characterization of a cDNA encoding a heat shock protein homolog from Stachybotrys chartarum SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Blachere, F. M.; Green, B. J.; Schmechel, D.; Beezhold, D. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 745 BP S190 EP S190 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.110 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460401130 ER PT J AU Green, BJ Blachere, FM Beezhold, DH Weissman, DN Hogan, MB Wilson, NW Schmechel, D AF Green, B. J. Blachere, F. M. Beezhold, D. H. Weissman, D. N. Hogan, M. B. Wilson, N. W. Schmechel, D. TI IgE reactivity to Paecilomyces variotii antigens in fungal sensitized patients SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Green, B. J.; Blachere, F. M.; Beezhold, D. H.; Weissman, D. N.; Schmechel, D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Hogan, M. B.; Wilson, N. W.] W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 736 BP S187 EP S187 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.099 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460401121 ER EF