FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Schulte, P Geraci, C Zumwalde, R Hoover, M Castranova, V Kuempel, E Murashov, V Vainio, H Savolainen, K AF Schulte, Paul Geraci, Charles Zumwalde, Ralph Hoover, Mark Castranova, Vincent Kuempel, Eileen Murashov, Vladimir Vainio, Harri Savolainen, Kai TI Sharpening the focus on occupational safety and health in nanotechnology SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE engineering; exposure; hazard; nanoparticle; risk ID INHALED ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; WALLED-CARBON-NANOTUBES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; PULMONARY RESPONSES; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; INHALATION EXPOSURE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; IN-VIVO; RATS AB Increasing numbers of workers are involved with the production, use, distribution, and disposal of nanomaterials. At the same time, there is a growing number of reports of adverse biological effects of engineered nanoparticles in test systems. It is useful, at this juncture, to identify critical questions that will help address knowledge gaps concerning the potential occupational hazards of these materials. The questions address (i) hazard classification of engineered nanoparticles, (ii) exposure metrics, (iii) the actual exposures to the different engineered nanoparticles in the workplace, (iv) the limits of engineering controls and personal protective equipment with respect to engineered nanoparticles, (v) the kinds of surveillance programs that may be required at workplaces to protect potentially exposed workers, (vi) whether exposure registers should be established for workers potentially exposed to engineered nanoparticles, and, (vii) whether engineered nanoparticles should be treated as "new" substances and evaluated for safety and hazards? C1 [Schulte, Paul; Geraci, Charles; Zumwalde, Ralph; Hoover, Mark; Castranova, Vincent; Kuempel, Eileen; Murashov, Vladimir] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Vainio, Harri; Savolainen, Kai] Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland. RP Schulte, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM PSchulte@cdc.gov RI Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012; Murashov, Vladimir/K-5481-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127; NR 60 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 BP 471 EP 478 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 389FI UT WOS:000262076200009 PM 19137209 ER PT J AU Breiding, MJ Windle, CR Smith, DA AF Breiding, Matthew J. Windle, Chaunce R. Smith, David A. TI Interspousal Criticism: A Behavioral Mediator Between Husbands' Gender Role Conflict and Wives' Adjustment SO SEX ROLES LA English DT Article DE Gender role conflict; Marital adjustment; Depression; Criticism ID BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY; EXPRESSED EMOTION; PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENTS; PERCEIVED CRITICISM; DYADIC ADJUSTMENT; MARITAL CONFLICT; MEN; DISTRESS; FAMILIES; VALIDITY AB Seventy-two married couples participated in a study of husband gender role conflict and interpersonal criticism and wife psychological and marital adjustment. Participants were recruited from a community in the Midwestern USA. Husband criticism was measured using self-report, wife-report, and trained coder ratings of an audiotaped task in which husbands described their wives and their relationship with their wives. Hypothesized associations between husband gender role conflict and husband interspousal criticism were supported. In addition, all three measures of husband criticism were found to mediate the relationship between husband gender role conflict and wife marital adjustment. However, only self- and wife-reported criticism by husbands significantly mediated the relationship between husband gender role conflict and wife depressive symptoms. C1 [Breiding, Matthew J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Breiding, Matthew J.] Washington Univ, Student Hlth & Counseling Serv, St Louis, MO USA. [Windle, Chaunce R.; Smith, David A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Psychol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Breiding, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-F64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mbreiding@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0360-0025 J9 SEX ROLES JI Sex Roles PD DEC PY 2008 VL 59 IS 11-12 BP 880 EP 888 DI 10.1007/s11199-008-9491-6 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Social; Women's Studies SC Psychology; Women's Studies GA 378ST UT WOS:000261344900010 ER PT J AU Hogben, M Liddon, N AF Hogben, Matthew Liddon, Nicole TI Disinhibition and Risk Compensation Scope, Definitions, and Perspective SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HPV VACCINE; CONDOM USE; BEHAVIOR C1 [Hogben, Matthew; Liddon, Nicole] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhogben@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1009 EP 1010 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818eb752 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 377WU UT WOS:000261283700010 PM 18936724 ER PT J AU Barrow, RY Berkel, C Brooks, LC Groseclose, SL Johnson, DB Valentine, JA AF Barrow, Roxanne Y. Berkel, Cady Brooks, Lesley C. Groseclose, Samuel L. Johnson, David B. Valentine, Jo A. TI Traditional Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention and Control Strategies: Tailoring for African American Communities SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HIV RISK REDUCTION; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; RACIAL DISPARITIES; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; NATIONAL-SURVEY; INNER-CITY; GONORRHEA; HEALTH; WOMEN AB African Americans carry the largest disease burden for bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States. These infections can have a devastating impact on sexual and reproductive health if they, are not diagnosed and treated. Traditionally, public health efforts to prevent and control bacterial STDs have been through surveillance, clinical services, partner management, and behavioral intervention strategies. However, the persistence of disparities in STDs indicates that these strategies are not achieving sufficient impact in African American communities. It may be that factors such as limited access, acceptability, appropriateness, and affordability of services reduce the efficacy of these strategies for African American communities. In this article we describe the STD prevention strategies and highlight the challenges and implications of these strategies in addressing disparities in African American communities. C1 [Barrow, Roxanne Y.; Groseclose, Samuel L.; Johnson, David B.; Valentine, Jo A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Berkel, Cady] Arizona State Univ, Prevent Res Ctr, Tempe, AZ USA. [Brooks, Lesley C.] N Colorado Family Med, Greeley, CO USA. RP Barrow, RY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E27, Atlanta, GA USA. EM rbarrow@cdc.gov RI Berkel, Cady/A-1372-2010 FU NIMH NIH HHS [T32 MH018387, T32 MH018387-22] NR 97 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 SU S BP S30 EP S39 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818eb923 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 377WV UT WOS:000261283800006 PM 18955915 ER PT J AU Barrow, RY Newman, LM Douglas, JM AF Barrow, Roxanne Y. Newman, Lori M. Douglas, John M., Jr. TI Taking Positive Steps to Address STD Disparities for African-American Communities SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Barrow, Roxanne Y.; Newman, Lori M.; Douglas, John M., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barrow, RY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E27, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RBarrow@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 SU S BP S1 EP S3 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818fbc92 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 377WV UT WOS:000261283800001 PM 18955916 ER PT J AU Hogben, M Leichliter, JS AF Hogben, Matthew Leichliter, Jami S. TI Social Determinants and Sexually Transmitted Disease Disparities SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-INSURANCE COVERAGE; RACIAL DISPARITIES; UNITED-STATES; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; COCAINE USE; GONORRHEA; SYPHILIS; HIV AB Social determinants of health play an important role in sexually transmitted disease (STD) transmission and acquisition; consequently, racial and ethnic disparities among social determinants are influences upon disparities in STD rates. In this narrative review, we outline a general model showing the relationship between social determinants and STD outcomes, mediated by epidemiologic context. We then review 4 specific social determinants relevant to STD disparities: segregation, health care, socioeconomics and correctional experiences, followed by 2 facets of the resultant epidemiologic context: core areas and sexual networks. This review shows that disparities exist among the social determinants and that they are related to each other, as well as to core areas, sexual networks, and STD rates. Finally, we discuss the implications of our review for STD prevention and control with particular attention to STD program collaboration and service integration. C1 [Hogben, Matthew; Leichliter, Jami S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhogben@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 SU S BP S13 EP S18 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818d3cad PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 377WV UT WOS:000261283800003 PM 18936725 ER PT J AU Hoover, K Bohm, M Keppel, K AF Hoover, Karen Bohm, Michele Keppel, Kenneth TI Measuring Disparities in the Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HEALTH DISPARITIES AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines a health disparity as a "[health] difference that occurs by gender, race or ethnicity, education or income, disability, geographic location, or sexual orientation." Health equity is achieved by eliminating health disparities or inequalities. Measuring health disparities is a critical first step toward reducing differences in health outcomes. To determine the methods to be used in measuring a health disparity, several decisions must be made, which include: (1) selecting a reference group for the comparison of 2 or more groups; (2) determining whether a disparity should he measured in absolute or in relative terms; (3) opting to measure health outcomes or health indicators expressed as adverse or favorable events; (4) selecting a method to monitor a disparity over time; and (5) choosing to measure a disparity as a pair-wise comparison between 2 groups or in terms of a summary measure of disparity among all groups for a particular characteristic. Different choices may lead to different conclusions about the size and direction of health disparities at a point in time and changes in disparities over time. The objective of this article is to review the methods for measuring health disparities, provide examples of their use, and make specific recommendations for measuring disparities in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). C1 [Hoover, Karen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Keppel, Kenneth] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Hoover, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM khoover@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 SU S BP S40 EP S44 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181886750 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 377WV UT WOS:000261283800007 PM 18836391 ER PT J AU Newman, LM Berman, SM AF Newman, Lori M. Berman, Stuart M. TI Epidemiology of STD Disparities in African American Communities SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Review ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; PREVALENCE; CHLAMYDIA; GONORRHEA; INFECTION; WOMEN; SURVEILLANCE; ADOLESCENTS AB This article reviews the epidemiology of sexually transmitted disease (STD) disparities for African American communities in the United States. Data are reviewed from a variety of sources such as national case reporting and population-based studies. Data clearly show a disproportionately higher burden of STDs in African American communities compared with white communities. Although disparities exist for both viral and bacterial STDs, disparities are greatest for bacterial STDs such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. Gonorrhea rates among African Americans are highest for adolescents and young adults, and disparities are greatest for adolescent men. Although disparities for men who have sex with men (MSM) are not as great as for heterosexual populations, STD rates for both white and African American MSM populations are high, so efforts to address disparities must also include African American MSM. Individual risk behavior and sociodemographic characteristics of African Americans do not seem to account fully for increased STD rates for African Americans. Population-level determinants such as sexual networks seem to play an important role in STD disparities. An understanding of the epidemiology of STD disparities is critical for identifying appropriate strategies and tailoring strategies for African American communities. Active efforts are needed to reduce not only the physical consequences of STDs, such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, newborn disease, and increased risk of HIV infection, but also the social consequences of STDs such as economic burden, shame, and stigma. C1 [Newman, Lori M.; Berman, Stuart M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Newman, LM (reprint author), Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LEN4@CDC.GOV NR 34 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 SU S BP S4 EP S12 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818eb90e PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 377WV UT WOS:000261283800002 PM 18971796 ER PT J AU Parrish, DD Kent, CK AF Parrish, Deidra D. Kent, Charlotte K. TI Access to Care Issues for African American Communities: Implications for STD Disparities SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Review ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HEALTH-CARE; MEDICAL-CARE; MANAGED CARE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; PRENATAL SYPHILIS; PATIENT RACE; YOUNG-ADULTS AB Reduced access to care is a major contributor to health disparities in black communities. This review discusses factors that serve to diminish access to care among blacks in the context of STD disparities and highlights strategies to improve access to STD care. At the individual level, structural factors such as poverty, lack of insurance, and lack of a regular source of care are known to decrease health service utilization and have been identified as barriers to STD care as well. Other individual level factors that influence access to care, particularly for STDs, include concerns about confidentiality and privacy, perceptions of discrimination, and perceptions of risk. At the health system level, availability of services, organizational inefficiencies, and staff perceptions affect access. Strategies to improve access to STD care include expanding services in high-risk nontraditional venues, developing multilevel partnerships, incorporating STD services into routine healthcare, integrating services with HIV, improving the quality of public STD clinic care, and ultimately addressing the broader underlying factors that contribute to health disparities. C1 [Parrish, Deidra D.; Kent, Charlotte K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Parrish, DD (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Suite A2200 MCN,1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM deidra.d.parrish@vanderbilt.edu NR 52 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 SU S BP S19 EP S22 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818f2ae1 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 377WV UT WOS:000261283800004 PM 18946368 ER PT J AU Valentine, JA AF Valentine, Jo A. TI Impact of Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding African American Sexual Behavior on STD Prevention and Control in African American Communities: Unintended Consequences SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RELIGION-HEALTH CONNECTION; HIV RISK; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RACIAL DISPARITIES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RURAL SOUTH; DRUG-USERS; CARE; PERCEPTIONS; STIGMA AB Compared to whites, blacks experience significant health disparities fur sexually transmitted diseases, particularly in the rates of chlamydie, gonorrhea, and syphilis. To develop more effective interventions to control and prevent STDs, public health practitioners should better understand and respond to factors that facilitate sexual risk-taking behaviors and impede access to STD health care and make use of factors that promote sexual health. Legacies of slavery, racism, and economic or class discrimination leave many blacks suspicious of interventions aimed at improving the welfare of their communities. Sexual behavior, in particular, has been used to justify social oppression of blacks in the United States. Although efforts to engage affected black communities in improving STD health care delivery have been undertaken, bias, prejudice, and stereotyping continue to contribute to negative experiences for many blacks across health care settings, including those involving STD care. Implementing more effective interventions to reduce the disparate burden of bacterial STDs in black communities requires accessible end acceptable STD health care. Understanding and addressing the potential impact of both provider and patient attitudes can improve these service delivery outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, NCHHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Valentine, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, NCHHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jvalentine@cdc.gov NR 81 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 SU S BP S23 EP S29 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818d3cc7 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 377WV UT WOS:000261283800005 PM 18923333 ER PT J AU Geisler, WM Black, CM Bandea, CI Morrison, SG AF Geisler, W. M. Black, C. M. Bandea, C. I. Morrison, S. G. TI Chlamydia trachomatis OmpA genotyping as a tool for studying the natural history of genital chlamydial infection SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE PROTEIN GENE; CLINICAL-MANIFESTATIONS; VARIABLE DOMAINS; SEROVARS; RACE; ASSOCIATION; NUCLEOTIDE; SEQUENCE; WOMEN; IA AB Objective: To investigate the relationship of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) outer membrane protein A ( OmpA) type to the clearance of CT infection before treatment. Methods: CT OmpA genotyping, with amplification and sequencing of ompA, was utilised to study the natural history of CT infection ( spontaneous resolution vs persistence) in 102 individuals with chlamydia-positive screening tests returning for treatment. Results: CT OmpA distribution was associated with spontaneous resolution of CT, most notably with CT OmpA genotype J/Ja detected more often from the initial screening CT test than other genotypes in those who then had spontaneous resolution of CT noted at the time of treatment. Five individuals with presumed persisting CT infection had discordant CT OmpA genotypes at the screening and treatment visits, suggesting possible new interval CT infection. Conclusions: Clearance of chlamydia by the host before treatment may be influenced by the CT OmpA genotype infecting the host. CT OmpA genotyping may be a valuable tool in understanding the natural history of chlamydial infections. C1 [Geisler, W. M.] Univ Alabama, STD Program, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Black, C. M.; Bandea, C. I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Geisler, WM (reprint author), Univ Alabama, STD Program, 703 19th St S,242 Zeigler Res Bldg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM wgeisler@uab.edu FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R03 AI 57920] FX This work was supported partly by grant no R03 AI 57920 (Geisler) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 84 IS 7 BP 541 EP 544 DI 10.1136/sti.2008.030825 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 379EF UT WOS:000261378800007 PM 18708486 ER PT J AU Chesson, H Owusu-Edusei, K AF Chesson, Harrell Owusu-Edusei, Kwame, Jr. TI Examining the impact of federally-funded syphilis elimination activities in the USA SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Syphilis; Prevention; Public health; Sexually transmitted diseases; USA; CDC; Funding allocations ID CRACK COCAINE; SEX AB In 1999, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched a national syphilis elimination plan. Using state-level syphilis incidence data from 1997 to 2005, we found that greater amounts of state-level funding for syphilis elimination in a given year were associated with lower state-level syphilis rates in subsequent years. The findings suggest that federally-funded syphilis elimination activities are having a notable impact on syphilis rates. The recent increases in syphilis in the United States might have been much more pronounced had there been no syphilis elimination activities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chesson, Harrell; Owusu-Edusei, Kwame, Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chesson, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hbc7@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 67 IS 12 BP 2059 EP 2062 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.09.049 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 388AY UT WOS:000261993900014 PM 18952341 ER PT J AU Cookson, ST Brachman, P Oladele, A AF Cookson, Susan Temporado Brachman, Philip, Jr. Oladele, Alawode TI Infertility in a US Resettled African Refugee: A Case Report of Genital Tuberculosis SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE genital tuberculosis; refugees; infertility; amenorrhea ID PELVIC TUBERCULOSIS AB A 27-year-old, previously healthy Somali refugee presented with infertility. Cultures of endometrial tissue were positive for fully susceptible tuberculosis and she was diagnosed with genital tuberculosis. After 12 months of anti tuberculosis therapy, she attempted to become pregnant; however, use of in vitro fertilization and surrogate carrier probably will be needed given the degree of scar tissue present before treatment. Due to the increasing numbers of US-resettled refugees, physicians should consider genital tuberculosis in any refugee woman presenting with infertility or amenorrhea. C1 [Cookson, Susan Temporado] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. DeKalb Cty Board Hlth, TB Program, Refugee Hlth Serv, Decatur, GA USA. Piedmont Hosp, Atlanta ID Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cookson, ST (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, MS F-60 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM scookson@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 12 BP 1258 EP 1260 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 384XR UT WOS:000261778000019 PM 19005456 ER PT J AU Sirichotiratana, N Sovann, S Aditama, TY Krishnan, M Kyaing, NN Miguel-Baquilod, M Hai, PT Sinha, DN Warren, CW Jones, NR AF Sirichotiratana, N. Sovann, S. Aditama, T. Y. Krishnan, M. Kyaing, N. N. Miguel-Baquilod, M. Hai, P. T. Sinha, D. N. Warren, C. W. Jones, N. R. TI Linking data to tobacco control program action among students aged 13-15 in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states, 2000-2006 SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID SMOKING; GENDER AB Background: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has made tobacco use prevention a primary health issue. All ASEAN countries except Indonesia have ratified the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), the world's first public health treaty on tobacco control. Methods: Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data were collected from representative samples of students in school grades associated with ages 13-15 in Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos (Vientiane), Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam (Hanoi). Results: Current cigarette smoking ranged from less than 5% (Vietnam and Cambodia) to 20.2% in Malaysia. Current use of tobacco products other than cigarettes was less than 10% in all countries. Boys were significantly more likely than girls to smoke cigarettes or use other tobacco products. Exposure to second-hand smoke in public places was greater than 50%, direct pro-tobacco advertising exposure was greater than 75% and over 10% of students were exposed to indirect advertising. Over 60% of students who currently smoked cigarettes wanted to stop, but 80% who tried to quit in the year prior to the survey failed. Conclusions: Efforts to reduce the current and projected harm caused by tobacco use in the ASEAN countries are urgently needed. ASEAN countries need to expand their national comprehensive tobacco prevention and control programs and enforce those laws already passed. Without this effort little reduction can be expected in the burden of chronic diseases and tobacco-related mortality. C1 [Sirichotiratana, N.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Sovann, S.] Minist Hlth, Natl Ctr Hlth Promot, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Aditama, T. Y.] Univ Indonesia, Persahabatan Hosp, Dept Resp Med, Fac Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Krishnan, M.] Minist Hlth, Dis Control Div, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Kyaing, N. N.] Minist Hlth, Dept Hlth, Yangon, Myanmar. [Miguel-Baquilod, M.] Natl Epidemiol Ctr, Dept Hlth, Manila, Philippines. [Hai, P. T.] Minist Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Sinha, D. N.] WHO, SE Asia Reg Off, New Delhi, India. [Warren, C. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jones, N. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Paul P Carbone Canc Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Warren, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcw1@cdc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; World Health Organization FX Funding and technical support for this study were provided by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization. The authors had full access to the data featured in this report and do not have any conflicts or interests. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 372 EP 378 DI 10.1136/tc.2007.024190 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 376ZP UT WOS:000261221800010 PM 18669557 ER PT J AU Baska, T Pudule, I Tilgale, N Warren, CW Lee, J Lea, V Jones, NR AF Baska, T. Pudule, I. Tilgale, N. Warren, C. W. Lee, J. Lea, V. Jones, N. R. TI Smoking tobacco in waterpipes among adolescents in Europe: the case of Latvia and Slovakia SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Letter C1 [Warren, C. W.; Lee, J.; Lea, V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Baska, T.] Comenius Univ, Jessenius Fac Med, Inst Publ Hlth, Martin, Slovakia. [Pudule, I.; Tilgale, N.] Publ Hlth Agcy, Riga, Latvia. [Jones, N. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Paul P Carbone Comprehens Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Warren, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Wcw1@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 432 EP 432 DI 10.1136/tc.2008.027128 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 376ZP UT WOS:000261221800022 PM 19029368 ER PT J AU Pohl, HR Abadin, HG AF Pohl, Hana R. Abadin, Henry G. TI Risk evaluation of child-specific exposures should focus on all types of infant feeding not just breastfeeding Response SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PUBLIC-HEALTH VIEWPOINT; DIBENZOFURANS; DIBENZODIOXINS; MILK C1 [Pohl, Hana R.] ATSDR DTEM, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pohl, HR (reprint author), ATSDR DTEM, 1600 Clifton Rd,F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 2 BP 354 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.07.010 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PP UT WOS:000261477900022 ER PT J AU Gould, LH Osman, MS Farnon, EC Griffith, KS Godsey, MS Karch, S Mulenda, B El Kholy, A Grandesso, F de Radigues, X Brair, ME Briand, S El Tayeb, ESM Hayes, EB Zeller, H Perea, W AF Gould, L. Hannah Osman, Magdi S. Farnon, Eileen C. Griffith, Kevin S. Godsey, Marvin S. Karch, Said Mulenda, Basimike El Kholy, Amgad Grandesso, Francesco de Radigues, Xavier Brair, Maria-Emanuela Briand, Sylvie El Tayeb, El Sadig Mahgoub Hayes, Edward B. Zeller, Herve Perea, William TI An outbreak of yellow fever with concurrent chikungunya virus transmission in South Kordofan, Sudan, 2005 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Viral hemorrhagic fever; Yellow fever; Flavivirus; Chikungunya virus; Disease outbreak; Sudan ID 1ST RECORDED OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC; PROVINCE; SENEGAL; KENYA AB From September through December 2005, an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever occurred in South Kordofan, Sudan. Initial laboratory test results identified IgM, antibodies against yellow fever (YF) virus in patient samples, and a YF outbreak was declared on 14 November. To control the outbreak, a YF mass vaccination campaign was conducted and vector control implemented in parts of South Kordofan. Surveillance data were obtained from the Sudan Federal Ministry of Health. Clinical information and serum samples were obtained from a subset of patients with illness during the outbreak. Nomads, health personnel and village chiefs were interviewed about the outbreak. Mosquitoes were collected in 11 villages and towns in North and South Kordofan. From 10 September to 9 December 2005 a total of 605 cases of outbreak-related illness were reported, of which 45% were in nomads. Twenty-nine percent of 177 patients seen at clinics in Julud and Abu Jubaiyah had illness consistent with YF. Five of 18 unvaccinated persons with recent illness and 4 of 16 unvaccinated asymptomatic persons had IgM antibodies to YF virus. IgM antibodies to chikungunya virus were detected in five (27%) ill persons and three (19%) asymptomatic persons. These results indicate that both chikungunya and YF occurred during the outbreak. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. C1 [Gould, L. Hannah; Farnon, Eileen C.; Griffith, Kevin S.; Godsey, Marvin S.; Hayes, Edward B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Osman, Magdi S.; El Tayeb, El Sadig Mahgoub] Sudan Fed Minist Hlth, Khartoum, Sudan. [Karch, Said] Agence Reg Demousticat, Aulnay Sous Bois, France. [Mulenda, Basimike; Briand, Sylvie; Perea, William] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [El Kholy, Amgad] NAMRU 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Grandesso, Francesco; de Radigues, Xavier] Epicentre, Paris, France. [Brair, Maria-Emanuela] WHO, Khartoum, Sudan. [Zeller, Herve] Inst Pasteur, Lyon, France. RP Gould, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lgould@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 102 IS 12 BP 1247 EP 1254 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.04.014 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 377XK UT WOS:000261285500013 PM 18502458 ER PT J AU Kaul, DR Lowe, L Visvesvara, GS Farmen, S Khaled, YA Yanik, GA AF Kaul, D. R. Lowe, L. Visvesvara, G. S. Farmen, S. Khaled, Y. A. Yanik, G. A. TI Acanthamoeba infection in a patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease occurring during treatment with voriconazole SO TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Acanthamoeba; protozoa; graft-versus-host disease; voriconazole ID GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; AIDS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; TRANSPLANTATION; SPP. AB D.R. Kaul, L. Lowe, G.S. Visvesvara, S. Farmen, Y.A. Khaled, G.A. Yanik. Acanthamoeba infection in a patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease occurring during treatment with voriconazole.Transpl Infect Dis 2008: 10: 437-441 We report a case of disseminated infection with Acanthamoeba in a patient with graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for acute lymphocytic leukemia. The infection involved the brain, skin, and lungs and occurred despite treatment with voriconazole for mold prophylaxis, and did not respond to treatment with multiple other agents reported to have activity against Acanthamoeba. To our knowledge, infection with Acanthamoeba has been reported in 4 other patients after HSCT or bone marrow transplant, and our case is the first to be diagnosed ante-mortem. C1 [Kaul, D. R.] Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med,Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lowe, L.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Dermatol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Visvesvara, G. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasitol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farmen, S.] Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Khaled, Y. A.; Yanik, G. A.] Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Blood & Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kaul, DR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med,Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kauld@umich.edu NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1398-2273 EI 1399-3062 J9 TRANSPL INFECT DIS JI Transpl. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 437 EP 441 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2008.00335.x PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Transplantation SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Transplantation GA 375AU UT WOS:000261085700012 PM 18713138 ER PT J AU Hinten, SR Beckett, GA Gensheimer, KF Pritchard, E Courtney, TM Sears, SD Woytowicz, JM Preston, DG Smith, RP Rand, PW Lacombe, EH Holman, MS Lubelczyk, CB Kelso, PT Beelen, AP Stobierski, MG Sotir, MJ Wong, S Ebel, G Kosoy, O Piesman, J Campbell, GL Marfin, AA AF Hinten, Steven R. Beckett, Geoffrey A. Gensheimer, Kathleen F. Pritchard, Elizabeth Courtney, Thomas M. Sears, Stephen D. Woytowicz, John M. Preston, David G. Smith, Robert P., Jr. Rand, Peter W. Lacombe, Eleanor H. Holman, Mary S. Lubelczyk, Charles B. Kelso, Patsy Tassler Beelen, Andrew P. Stobierski, Mary Grace Sotir, Mark J. Wong, Susan Ebel, Gregory Kosoy, Olga Piesman, Joseph Campbell, Grant L. Marfin, Anthony A. TI Increased Recognition of Powassan Encephalitis in the United States, 1999-2005 SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Ixodes; Tick(s); Tick-borne Encephalitis; Vector-borne ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; DISEASE-ENDEMIC AREA; LYME-DISEASE; NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-YORK; FLAVIVIRUS; INFECTION; PHYLOGENY; SURVEILLANCE AB Powassan virus (POWV) disease is a rare human disease caused by a tick-borne encephalitis group flavivirus maintained in a transmission cycle between Ixodes cookei and other ixodid ticks and small and medium-sized mammals. During 1958-1998, only 27 POWV disease cases (mostly Powassan encephalitis) were reported from eastern Canada and the northeastern United States (average, 0.7 cases per year). During 1999-2005, nine cases (described herein) of serologically confirmed POWV disease were reported in the United States (average, 1.3 cases per year): four from Maine, two from New York, and one each from Michigan, Vermont, and Wisconsin. The Michigan and Wisconsin cases are the first ever reported from the north-central United States. Of these nine patients, 5 (56%) were men, the median age was 69 years (range: 25-91. years), and 6 (67%) had onset during May-July. All but one patient developed encephalitis with acute onset of profound muscle weakness, confusion, and other severe neurologic signs. In one case, no neurologic symptoms were present but the presence of pleocytosis, an elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein concentration, and POWV-specific immunoglobulin M in CSF suggested neuroinvasion. All patients recovered from their acute disease, but Most had long-term neurologic sequelae. Periresidential ecologic investigations were performed in three cases, including tests of local mammals and ticks for evidence of POWV infection. Woodchucks (Marmota monax), striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis), and a raccoon (Procyon lotor) collected at two of the Maine case-patients' residences had neutralizing antibody titers to POWV. I. cookei were found on woodchucks and skunks and questing in grassy areas of one of these residences; all were negative for POWV. Although POWV disease is rare, it is probably under-recognized, and it causes significant morbidity, and thus is an additional tick-borne emerging infectious disease entity. Because no Vaccine or specific therapy is available, the basis of prevention is personal protection from ticks (or "tick hygiene") and reduced exposure to peridomestic wild mammals. C1 [Hinten, Steven R.; Kosoy, Olga; Piesman, Joseph; Campbell, Grant L.; Marfin, Anthony A.] Ctr Dis Control, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Hinten, Steven R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, US PHS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Beckett, Geoffrey A.; Gensheimer, Kathleen F.] Maine Dept Human Serv, Bur Hlth, Div Dis Control, Augusta, ME USA. [Pritchard, Elizabeth] Maine Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Maine Hlth & Environm Testing Lab, Augusta, ME USA. [Courtney, Thomas M.] So Maine Med Ctr, Biddeford, ME USA. [Sears, Stephen D.; Woytowicz, John M.] Maine Gen Med Ctr, Augusta, ME USA. [Preston, David G.] Maine Gen Med Ctr, Waterville, ME USA. [Smith, Robert P., Jr.; Rand, Peter W.; Lacombe, Eleanor H.; Holman, Mary S.; Lubelczyk, Charles B.] Maine Med Ctr, Res Inst, Vector Borne Dis Lab, Portland, ME USA. [Kelso, Patsy Tassler] Vermont Dept Hlth, Div Hlth Surveillance, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. [Beelen, Andrew P.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, White River Jct, VT USA. [Stobierski, Mary Grace] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Communicable Dis Div, Lansing, MI USA. [Sotir, Mark J.] Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [Wong, Susan] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Ebel, Gregory] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Piesman, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM JPiesman@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 18 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 733 EP 740 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0022 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 388YK UT WOS:000262056100002 PM 18959500 ER PT J AU Gould, LH Nelson, RS Griffith, KS Hayes, EB Piesman, J Mead, PS Cartter, ML AF Gould, L. Hannah Nelson, Randall S. Griffith, Kevin S. Hayes, Edward B. Piesman, Joseph Mead, Paul S. Cartter, Matthew L. TI Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding Lyme Disease Prevention Among Connecticut Residents, 1999-2004 SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Lyme disease; Behavior; Prevention; Control; Ticks ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; REDUCED ABUNDANCE; SCAPULARIS ACARI; IXODIDAE; DEER; AREA; RISK; PERMETHRIN; REDUCTION; MARYLAND AB Lyme disease, caused by the tick-transmitted bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. We surveyed residents of three Connecticut health districts to evaluate the impact of intensive community-wide education programs on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors to prevent Lyme disease. Overall, 84% of respondents reported that they knew a lot or some about Lyme disease, and 56% felt that they were very or somewhat likely to get Lyme disease in the coming year. During 2002-2004, the percentage of respondents who reported always performing tick checks increased by 7% and the percentage of respondents who reported always using repellents increased by 5%, whereas the percentage of respondents who reported avoiding wooded areas and tucking pants into socks decreased. Overall, 99% of respondents used personal protective behaviors to prevent Lyme disease. In comparison, 65% of respondents reported using environmental tick controls, and increased use of environmental tick controls was observed in only one health district. The majority of respondents were unwilling to spend more than $100 on tick control. These results provide guidance for the development of effective Lyme disease prevention programs by identifying measures most likely to be adopted by residents of Lyme disease endemic communities. C1 [Gould, L. Hannah; Griffith, Kevin S.; Hayes, Edward B.; Piesman, Joseph; Mead, Paul S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Nelson, Randall S.; Cartter, Matthew L.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. RP Gould, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Igould@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the Connecticut Department of Public Health [U50/CCU106598-12] FX We thank the staff and directors of Westport Weston, Ledge Light, and Torrington Area Health Districts, and Kirby Stafford III (Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station) for their assistance with this project. This work was funded by Cooperative Agreement U50/CCU106598-12 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the Connecticut Department of Public Health. NR 30 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 769 EP 776 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0221 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 388YK UT WOS:000262056100007 PM 18637724 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, EA Belson, M Rubin, C Patel, M AF Baumgartner, Eduardo Azziz Belson, Martin Rubin, Carol Patel, Manish TI Hypothermia and Other Cold-Related Morbidity Emergency Department Visits: United States, 1995-2004 SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypothermia; incidence; emergency visits; epidemiology ID HEART-DISEASE; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE AB Objective.-Although hypothermia is preventable, little has been published on its epidemiology. This Study estimates the incidence of hypothermia and other cold-related morbidity emergency department (ED) visits in the United States. Methods.-We identified hypothermia and other cold-related morbidity ED visits from the 19952004 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (991.6-991.9) or cause-of-injury E-codes (901.0-901.9 and 988.3). Results.-In the United States there were an estimated 15 574 (95% CI = 9 103-22 045) hypothermia and other cold-related morbidity ED visits during 1995 to 2004. Compared with other ED patients, those with hypothermia and other cold-related morbidity diagnoses were older (mean age 45 vs 36 years; P = .009) and were more likely to be uninsured (risk ratio [RR] = 2.44; 95% Cl = 1.54-3.84). Hypothermia and other cold-related morbidity ED visits required more transfers to critical care units (RR = 6.73; 95% CI = 1.8-25.0) than did other ED visits. Conclusions.-Hypothermia and other cold-related morbidity is a preventable resource-intensive condition that tends to affect the disadvantaged. C1 [Baumgartner, Eduardo Azziz; Belson, Martin; Rubin, Carol; Patel, Manish] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Baumgartner, EA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eha9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 4 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1580/07-WEME-OR-104.1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 384AP UT WOS:000261716100002 PM 19099327 ER PT J AU Greenspan, A Shults, R Halpin, J AF Greenspan, A. Shults, R. Halpin, J. TI Injuries Resulting From Car Surfing-United States, 1990-2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1121-1124, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Greenspan, A.; Shults, R.; Halpin, J.] CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Greenspan, A (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 26 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 20 BP 2360 EP 2361 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 375YX UT WOS:000261150800006 ER PT J AU Annest, J Haileyesus, T Clower, J Yip, F Stock, A Lucas, M Iqbal, S AF Annest, J. Haileyesus, T. Clower, J. Yip, F. Stock, A. Lucas, M. Iqbal, S. TI Nonfatal, Unintentional, Non-Fire-Related Carbon Monoxide Exposures-United States, 2004-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 896-899, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Annest, J.; Haileyesus, T.] CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Clower, J.; Yip, F.; Stock, A.; Lucas, M.; Iqbal, S.] CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Annest, J (reprint author), CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 26 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 20 BP 2362 EP 2363 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 375YX UT WOS:000261150800007 ER PT J AU Blount, BC Ozpinar, A Alwis, KU Caudill, SP Gillespie, JR AF Blount, Benjamin C. Oezpinar, Aysel Alwis, K. Udeni Caudill, Samuel P. Gillespie, Jerry R. TI Perchlorate, Nitrate, Thiocyanate, and Iodide Levels in Chicken Feed, Water, and Eggs from Three Farms SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Perchlorate; nitrate; thiocyanate; iodide; eggs; egg formation ID SYMPORTER INHIBITORS; ACTIVE-TRANSPORT; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-MILK; EXPOSURE; SODIUM; DAIRY AB Perchlorate is an inhibitor of iodide uptake that is found widely in the environment. Given the potential for perchlorate accumulation during egg formation and the widespread consumption of eggs, it is important to examine eggs as a source of exposure to perchlorate and other potential inhibitors of iodide uptake (nitrate and thiocyanate). This study was conducted to determine potential human exposure to perchlorate from eggs produced by chicken flocks consuming differing amounts of perchlorate. The mean concentrations of perchlorate (7.16 +/- 1.99 mu g/kg of dry weight), nitrate (2820 +/- 2100 mu g/kg of dry weight), thiocyanate (574 +/- 433 mu g/kg of dry weight), and iodide (2980 +/- 1490 mu g/kg of dry weight) in eggs (n = 180) from 15 chicken houses on 3 U.S. farms were determined. Chickens secreted into eggs an average of 23% of the perchlorate ingested from feed and water. Perchlorate levels in eggs were positively correlated with perchlorate intake (p < 0.001). Increased intake of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate was associated with decreased iodide levels in eggs, possibly indicating a competitive transport mechanism, such as sodium-iodide symporter. It was estimated that egg consumption contributes minimal perchlorate (similar to 0.040 mu g) compared to the average total intake of similar to 10.5 mu g for U.S. adults. Additionally, it was found that egg consumption was not associated with increased perchlorate exposure in 2820 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (p value for the difference of least-squares means, pDiff = 0.225). From these findings it was concluded that, although chickens secrete perchlorate in eggs, eggs do not appear to be a significant source of perchlorate exposure for adults in the United States. C1 [Blount, Benjamin C.; Alwis, K. Udeni; Caudill, Samuel P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Oezpinar, Aysel; Gillespie, Jerry R.] Univ Calif Davis, Western Inst Food Safety & Secur, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Blount, BC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bkb3@cdc.gov RI Ozpinar, Aysel/D-5150-2016 OI Ozpinar, Aysel/0000-0002-7399-4929 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Received for review June 14, 2008. Revised manuscript received September 17, 2008. Accepted September 17, 2008. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 26 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 22 BP 10709 EP 10715 DI 10.1021/jf8018326 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 374PR UT WOS:000261056700041 PM 18959414 ER PT J AU Meyer, DA Richer, E Benkovic, SA Hayashi, K Kansy, JW Hale, CF Moy, LY Kim, Y O'Callaghan, JP Tsai, LH Greengard, P Nairn, AC Cowan, CW Miller, DB Antich, P Bibb, JA AF Meyer, Douglas A. Richer, Edmond Benkovic, Stanley A. Hayashi, Kanehiro Kansy, Janice W. Hale, Carly F. Moy, Lily Y. Kim, Yong O'Callaghan, James P. Tsai, Li-Huei Greengard, Paul Nairn, Angus C. Cowan, Christopher W. Miller, Diane B. Antich, Pietro Bibb, James A. TI Striatal dysregulation of Cdk5 alters locomotor responses to cocaine, motor learning, and dendritic morphology SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE p25; spines; addiction; dopamine; neurodegeneration ID CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE-5; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; MOUSE MODEL; PHOSPHORYLATION; DOPAMINE; PROTEIN; BRAIN; MICE AB Motor learning and neuro-adaptations to drugs of abuse rely upon neuronal signaling in the striatum. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) regulates striatal dopamine neurotransmission and behavioral responses to cocaine. Although the role for Cdk5 in neuro-degeneration in the cortex and hippocampus and in hippocampal-dependent learning has been demonstrated, its dysregulation in the striatum has not been examined. Here we show that strong activation of striatal NMDA receptors produced p25, the truncated form of the Cdk5 co-activator p35. Furthermore, inducible overexpression of p25 in the striatum prevented locomotor sensitization to cocaine and attenuated motor coordination and learning. This corresponded with reduced dendritic spine density, increased neuro-inflammation, altered dopamine signaling, and shifted Cdk5 specificity with regard to physiological and aberrant substrates, but no apparent loss of striatal neurons. Thus, dysregulation of Cdk5 dramatically affects striatal-dependent brain function and may be relevant to non-neurodegenerative disorders involving dopamine neurotransmission. C1 [Meyer, Douglas A.; Hayashi, Kanehiro; Kansy, Janice W.; Hale, Carly F.; Cowan, Christopher W.; Bibb, James A.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Richer, Edmond; Antich, Pietro] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Radiol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Benkovic, Stanley A.; O'Callaghan, James P.; Miller, Diane B.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Moy, Lily Y.; Tsai, Li-Huei] MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kim, Yong; Greengard, Paul] Rockefeller Univ, Mol & Cellular Neurosci Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Nairn, Angus C.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT 06508 USA. [Nairn, Angus C.] Connecticut Mental Hlth Ctr, New Haven, CT 06508 USA. RP Bibb, JA (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM james.bibb@utsouthwestern.edu RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Hayashi, Kanehiro/L-2777-2013; OI Nairn, Angus/0000-0002-7075-0195 FU National Institute on Drug Abuse [T32-DA7290, DA16672, DA10044]; National Institute of Mental Health [MH079710-0, MH074866]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL077101]; Whitehall Foundation; Picower Foundation; National Institutes of Health [NS051874]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX We thank Eric Nestler for the NSE line, and Cathy Steffen and Shari Birnbaum for breeding, genotyping, and behavioral studies assistance. This work was supported by basic science training program T32-DA7290 in drug abuse (D.A.M.); National Institute on Drug Abuse grants DA16672 (to J.A.B.) and DA10044 (to P.G. and A.C.N.); National Institute of Mental Health grants MH079710-0 (to J.A.B.) and MH074866 (to P.G. and A.C.N.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL077101 (to.J.A.B.). Support was also provided via a Whitehall Foundation Grant (C.W.C.) and the Picower Foundation (P.G.). Generation of the p25-GFP mouse line and feasibility studies were made possible by the support of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and National Institutes of Health grant NS051874 (L.-H.T.). NR 40 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 25 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 47 BP 18561 EP 18566 DI 10.1073/pnas.0806078105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 380TY UT WOS:000261489300093 PM 19017804 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Magnus, M Ball, R Halsey, N Shadomy, S Farley, TA AF Kohl, Katrin S. Magnus, Manya Ball, Robert Halsey, Neal Shadomy, Sean Farley, Thomas A. TI Applicability, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of six Brighton Collaboration standardized case definitions for adverse events following immunization SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Adverse events following immunization; Case definitions; Evaluation methodology; Fever; Persistent crying; Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode; Intussusception; Nodule at injection site; Generalized convulsive seizure ID HYPORESPONSIVE EPISODE HHE; DATA-COLLECTION; ACUTE INTUSSUSCEPTION; VACCINE SAFETY; GUIDELINES; SURVEILLANCE; ENCEPHALITIS; CHILDREN; INFANTS; FEVER AB We evaluated the applicability, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of six standardized case definitions for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) (for fever, generalized Convulsive seizure, hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode, intussusception, nodule, and persistent crying) developed by the Brighton Collaboration using the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). The evaluation included: (a) the development of codified search strings using standardized coding terminology, and (b) for sensitivity and specificity analyses, the development of a "gold standard" for case determination by clinical expert reviews, and its comparison against the application of the definitions to VAERS reports by nonclinicians. Application of the case definitions in an automated approach proved to be valid, feasible, and unlikely to miss confirmed cases of the reported clinical event. The definitions had variable but generally high sensitivity and specificity compared to clinician review, which in itself yielded inconsistent case determination. The study demonstrated the need for the developed standardized definitions for AEFI and their usefulness in passive surveillance. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kohl, Katrin S.; Shadomy, Sean] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Immunizat Safety Off,Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Magnus, Manya] George Washington Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Ball, Robert] US FDA, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Halsey, Neal] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Farley, Thomas A.] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Community Hlth Sci, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Immunizat Safety Off,Off Chief Sci Officer, Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kfk0@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 25 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 50 BP 6349 EP 6360 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.002 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 385OE UT WOS:000261822700010 PM 18805456 ER PT J AU Cai, LM Schenker, N Lubitz, J Diehr, P Arnold, A Fried, LP AF Cai, Liming Schenker, Nathaniel Lubitz, James Diehr, Paula Arnold, Alice Fried, Linda P. TI Evaluation of a method for fitting a semi-Markov process model in the presence of left-censored spells using the Cardiovascular Health Study SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE multi-state life table; semi-Markov process model; functional disability; healthy aging; event history analysis; left censoring ID ACTIVE LIFE EXPECTANCY; UNITED-STATES; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; OLDER POPULATION; TRANSITIONS; CHAIN; RETIREMENT; DISABILITY; MORTALITY; RECOVERY AB We used a longitudinal data set covering 13 years from the Cardiovascular Health Study to evaluate the properties of a recently developed approach to deal with left censoring that fits a semi-Markov process (SMP) model by using an analog to the stochastic EM algorithm-the SMP-EM approach. It appears that the SMP-EM approach gives estimates of duration-dependent probabilities of health changes similar to those obtained by using SNIP models that have the advantage of actual duration data. SMP-EM estimates of duration-dependent transition probabilities also appear more accurate and less variable than multi-state life table estimates. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Cai, Liming; Schenker, Nathaniel; Lubitz, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Diehr, Paula] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Diehr, Paula] Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Arnold, Alice] Univ Washington, Collaborat Hlth Studies Coordinating Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fried, Linda P.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. RP Cai, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6330, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM lcai@cdc.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL080295, U01 HL080295-01, U01 HL080295-02, U01 HL080295-03, U01 HL080295-04] NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 26 BP 5509 EP 5524 DI 10.1002/sim.3382 PG 16 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 371AI UT WOS:000260803800014 PM 18712777 ER PT J AU Wolf, LA Armour, BS Campbell, VA AF Wolf, L. A. Armour, B. S. Campbell, V. A. TI Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Self-Rated Health Status Among Adults With and Without Disabilities United States, 2004-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1069-1073, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Wolf, L. A.; Armour, B. S.; Campbell, V. A.] CDC, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wolf, LA (reprint author), CDC, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 19 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 19 BP 2240 EP 2241 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373IO UT WOS:000260965500010 ER PT J AU Therrell, B Lorey, F Eaton, R Frazier, D Hoffman, G Boyle, C Green, D Devine, O Hannon, H AF Therrell, B. Lorey, F. Eaton, R. Frazier, D. Hoffman, G. Boyle, C. Green, D. Devine, O. Hannon, H. TI Impact of Expanded Newborn Screening - United States, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1012-1015, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY C1 [Therrell, B.] Natl Newborn Screening & Genet Resource Ctr, Austin, TX USA. [Lorey, F.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Genet Dis Lab, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Eaton, R.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Frazier, D.] Univ N Carolina, Div Genet & Metab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hoffman, G.] Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI USA. [Boyle, C.; Green, D.] CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Devine, O.] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hannon, H.] CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Therrell, B (reprint author), Natl Newborn Screening & Genet Resource Ctr, Austin, TX USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 19 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 19 BP 2242 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373IO UT WOS:000260965500011 ER PT J AU Williams, HA Causer, L Metta, E Malila, A O'Reilly, T Abdulla, S Kachur, SP Bloland, PB AF Williams, Holly Ann Causer, Louise Metta, Emmy Malila, Aggrey O'Reilly, Terrence Abdulla, Salim Kachur, S. Patrick Bloland, Peter B. TI Dispensary level pilot implementation of rapid diagnostic tests: an evaluation of RDT acceptance and usage by providers and patients - Tanzania, 2005 SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OUTPATIENT TREATMENT; MALARIA; MICROSCOPY; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY; ACCURACY; ZAMBIA AB Background: Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) may assist in diagnosis, improve prescribing practices and reduce potential drug resistance development. Without understanding operational issues or acceptance and usage by providers and patients, the costs of these tests may not be justified. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of RDTs on prescribing behaviours, assess prescribers' and patients' perceptions, and identify operational issues during implementation. Methods: Baseline data were collected at six Tanzanian public dispensaries. RDTs were implemented for eight weeks and data collected on frequency of RDT use, results, malaria diagnoses and the prescription of antimalarials. Patients referred for RDTs completed a standardised exit interview. Qualitative methods assessed attitudes toward and satisfaction with RDTs, perceptions about the test and operational issues related to implementation. Results: Of 595 patients at baseline, 200 (33%) were diagnosed clinically with malaria but had a negative RDT. Among the 2519 RDTs performed during implementation, 289 (11.5%) had a negative result and antimalarials prescribed. The proportion of "over-prescriptions" at baseline was 54.8% (198/365). At weeks four and eight this decreased to 16.1% (27/168) and 16.4% (42/256) respectively. A total of 355 patient or parent/caregiver and 21 prescriber individual interviews and 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. Patients, caregivers and providers trusted RDT results, agreed that use of RDTs was feasible at dispensary level, and perceived that RDTs improved clinical diagnosis. Negative concerns included community suspicion and fear that RDTs were HIV tests, the need for additional supervision in interpreting the results, and increased work loads without added compensation. Conclusion: Overprescriptions decreased over the study period. There was a high degree of patient/caregiver and provider acceptance of and satisfaction with RDTs. Implementation should include community education, sufficient levels of training and supervision and consideration of the need for additional staff. C1 [Williams, Holly Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Causer, Louise; Abdulla, Salim] Univ New S Wales, Natl Ctr HIV Epidemiol & Clin Res, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Kachur, S. Patrick; Bloland, Peter B.] CDC, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Williams, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Mail Stop F-60,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hbw2@cdc.gov; lcauser@nchecr.unsw.edu.au; Emetta@yahoo.com; aggrey_malila@yahoo.co.uk; TOReilly@cdc.gov; Salim.abdulla@hotmail.com; spk0@cdc.gov; pbb1@cdc.gov FU United States Aid for International Development (USAID); CDC FX The authors wish to thank the Tanzanian research field and health facility staff that participated in the evaluation, as well as Dr. Andrew Kitua of the National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania, for his support of this evaluation. We would also like to thank Dr. John Barnwell and his staff at the CDC Malaria Reference Laboratory for conducting lot testing of our RDTs. Funding was received from United States Aid for International Development (USAID) and the CDC.; The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 19 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 239 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-239 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 393LR UT WOS:000262375300001 PM 19019233 ER PT J AU Sood, S Cuker, A Wang, CB Metjian, A Chiang, EY Soucie, JM Konkle, BA AF Sood, Suman Cuker, Adam Wang, Chengbin Metjian, Ara Chiang, Elaine Y. Soucie, J. Michael Konkle, Barbara A. CA Htcn Investigators TI Similarity in Joint Function Limitation in Type 3 VWD and Moderate Hemophilia A SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Sood, Suman; Cuker, Adam; Chiang, Elaine Y.; Konkle, Barbara A.] Univ Penn, Div Hematol Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wang, Chengbin; Soucie, J. Michael] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Metjian, Ara] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Hematol, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 11 BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 389OP UT WOS:000262104700427 ER PT J AU Miller, CH Hooper, C Abshire, TC Bockenstedt, PL Brettler, DB Di Paola, J Massey, G Neff, AT Shapiro, AD Tarantino, M Wicklund, BM Manco-Johnson, MJ Dunn, AL Knoll, C Creary, M Benson, J Ellingsen, D Driggers, J Soucie, JM AF Miller, Connie H. Hooper, Craig Abshire, Thomas C. Bockenstedt, Paula L. Brettler, Doreen B. Di Paola, Jorge Massey, Gita Neff, Anne T. Shapiro, Amy D. Tarantino, Michael Wicklund, Brian M. Manco-Johnson, Marilyn J. Dunn, Amy L. Knoll, Christine Creary, Melissa Benson, Jane Ellingsen, Dorothy Driggers, Jennifer Soucie, J. Michael TI Factor VIII and Factor IX Mutation Analysis in 600 US Hemophilia Patients: Correlation of Mutation Type with History of Inhibitor. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Miller, Connie H.; Hooper, Craig; Creary, Melissa; Benson, Jane; Ellingsen, Dorothy; Driggers, Jennifer; Soucie, J. Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, NCBDDD, Atlanta, GA USA. [Abshire, Thomas C.; Dunn, Amy L.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bockenstedt, Paula L.] Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Brettler, Doreen B.] Mem Healthcare, Worcester, MA USA. [Di Paola, Jorge] Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Massey, Gita] Med Coll VA, VCU, Richmond, VA USA. [Neff, Anne T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Shapiro, Amy D.] Indiana Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Tarantino, Michael] Comprehens Bleeding Disorders Ctr, Peoria, IL USA. [Wicklund, Brian M.] Childrens Mercy Hosp, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. [Manco-Johnson, Marilyn J.] Univ Colorado Denver, Mt State Reg Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Aurora, CO USA. [Knoll, Christine] Phoenix Childrens Hosp, Phoenix, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 11 BP 374 EP 374 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 389OP UT WOS:000262104701241 ER PT J AU Philipp, CS Faiz, A Byams, V Miller, CH Heit, JA Kouides, PA Kulkarni, R Lukes, A Steins, SF AF Philipp, Claire S. Faiz, Ambarina Byams, Vanessa Miller, Connie H. Heit, John A. Kouides, Peter A. Kulkarni, Roshni Lukes, Andrea Steins, Sidney F. TI Screening Tool for Bleeding Disorders in Women with Menorrhagia: Evaluation in a Prospective US Multi-Site Cohort. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Philipp, Claire S.; Faiz, Ambarina] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Byams, Vanessa; Miller, Connie H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Heit, John A.] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. [Kouides, Peter A.] Rochester Gen Hosp, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. [Kulkarni, Roshni] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lukes, Andrea] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Steins, Sidney F.] Emory Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 11 BP 450 EP 450 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 389OP UT WOS:000262104701459 ER PT J AU Sharathkumar, A Trawinski, B Soucie, JM Greist, A Haddix, C Shapiro, AD AF Sharathkumar, Anjali Trawinski, Brandy Soucie, J. Michael Greist, Anne Haddix, Craig Shapiro, Amy D. TI Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Hemophilia: Single Centre Experience. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Sharathkumar, Anjali; Trawinski, Brandy; Greist, Anne; Haddix, Craig; Shapiro, Amy D.] Indiana Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Soucie, J. Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 11 BP 792 EP 792 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 389OP UT WOS:000262104702605 ER PT J AU Friese, CR Abel, GA Magazu, LS Neville, BA Hevelone, ND Richardson, LC Earle, CC AF Friese, Christopher R. Abel, Gregory A. Magazu, Lysa S. Neville, Bridget A. Hevelone, Nathanael D. Richardson, Lisa C. Earle, Craig C. TI Diagnostic Patterns of Care and Outcomes for Patients with Chronic.,and End-Results Lymphocytic Leukemia in the Surveillance, Epidemiology (SEER)-Medicare Database SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Friese, Christopher R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Abel, Gregory A.; Magazu, Lysa S.; Neville, Bridget A.] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Outcomes & Policy Res, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hevelone, Nathanael D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Richardson, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Decatur, GA USA. [Earle, Craig C.] Sunnybrook Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Clin Evaluat Sci, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 11 BP 836 EP 836 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 389OP UT WOS:000262104702732 ER PT J AU Witmer, C Pressley, R Kulkami, R Soucie, JM Manno, CS AF Witmer, Char Pressley, Rodney Kulkami, Roshni Soucie, J. Michael Manno, Catherine Scott TI Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients with Hemophilia in the Prophylaxis Era SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Witmer, Char; Manno, Catherine Scott] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Pressley, Rodney] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kulkami, Roshni] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Soucie, J. Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 11 BP 1162 EP 1162 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 389OP UT WOS:000262104704006 ER PT J AU Manco-Johnson, MJ Wang, CB Konkle, BA Ingram-Rich, R Humes, S Soucie, JM AF Manco-Johnson, Marilyn J. Wang, Chengbin Konkle, Barbara A. Ingram-Rich, Robina Humes, Steven Soucie, J. Michael TI Primary Prophylaxis Prevents the Onset of Arthropathy: Longitudinal Results of 603 Boys with Severe Factor VIII Deficiency Analyzed through the Centers for Disease Control Universal Data Collection (CDC UDC) Study SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Manco-Johnson, Marilyn J.] Univ Colorado, Mt State Reg Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Aurora, CO USA. [Wang, Chengbin; Soucie, J. Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Konkle, Barbara A.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ingram-Rich, Robina] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Humes, Steven] Univ N Carolina, Hemophilia Diagnost & Treatment Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 11 BP 1164 EP 1164 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 389OP UT WOS:000262104704010 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Ahmed, F White, M Lawson, H Unger, ER Eheman, C AF Saraiya, Mona Ahmed, Faruque White, Mary Lawson, Herschel Unger, Elizabeth R. Eheman, Christie TI Toward Using National Cancer Surveillance Data for Preventing and Controlling Cervical and Other Human Papillomavirus-associated Cancers in the US SO CANCER LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES C1 [Saraiya, Mona; Ahmed, Faruque; White, Mary; Lawson, Herschel; Eheman, Christie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ahmed, Faruque] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Unger, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM msaraiya@cdc.gov RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012; OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962; Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U50 DP424071-04] NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2837 EP 2840 DI 10.1002/cncr.23753 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200001 PM 18980202 ER PT J AU Watson, M Saraiya, M Ahmed, F Cardinez, CJ Reichman, ME Weir, HK Richards, TB AF Watson, Meg Saraiya, Mona Ahmed, Faruque Cardinez, Cheryll J. Reichman, Marsha E. Weir, Hannah K. Richards, Thomas B. TI Using Population-based Cancer Registry Data to Assess the Burden of Human Papillomavirus-associated Cancers in the United States: Overview of Methods SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE methods; human papillomavirus; cancer; surveillance ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; ANAL CANCER; PARTICLE VACCINE; NATIONAL PROGRAM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; ETIOLOGY; WORLDWIDE; INFECTION; EFFICACY AB Increased attention to human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers in light of the recent release of an HPV vaccine, as well as increased availability of cancer registry data that now include reporting from a large proportion of the US population, prompted the current assessment of HPV-associated cancers. This article describes methods used to assess the burden of HPV-associated cervical, Vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and oral cavity/oropharyngeal cancers in the United States during 1998 through 2003 using cancer registry data, and it provides a brief overview of the epidemiology of these cancers. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2841-54. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Watson, Meg; Saraiya, Mona; Cardinez, Cheryll J.; Weir, Hannah K.; Richards, Thomas B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ahmed, Faruque] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Reichman, Marsha E.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Watson, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mwatson2@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 53 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2841 EP 2854 DI 10.1002/cncr.23758 PG 14 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200002 PM 18980203 ER PT J AU Watson, M Saraiya, M Benard, V Coughlin, SS Flowers, L Cokkinides, V Schwerin, M Huang, Y Giuliano, A AF Watson, Meg Saraiya, Mona Benard, Vicki Coughlin, Steven S. Flowers, Lisa Cokkinides, Vilma Schwerin, Molly Huang, Youjie Giuliano, Anna TI Burden of Cervical Cancer in the United States, 1998-2003 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cervical cancer; human papillomavirus; human papillomavirus vaccine; surveillance ID ABNORMAL PAP TESTS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; FOLLOW-UP; UTERINE CERVIX; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PARTICLE VACCINE; AMERICAN-INDIANS; ALASKA-NATIVES; RISK-FACTOR; WOMEN AB BACKGROUND. Recent interest in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers and the availability of several years of data covering 83% of the US Population prompted this descriptive assessment of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the US during the years 1998 through 2003. This article provides a baseline for monitoring the impact of the HPV vaccine on the burden of cervical cancer over time. METHODS. Data from 2 federal cancer Surveillance programs, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s National Program of Cancer Registries and the National Cancer Institiute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, were used to examine cervical cancer incidence by race, Hispanic ethnicity, histology, stage, and US census region. Data from the CDCs National Center for Health Statistics were used to examine cervical cancer mortality by race, Hispanic ethnicity, and US census region. RESULTS. The incidence rate of invasive cervical cancer was 8.9 per 100,000 women during 1998 through 2003. Greater than 70% of all cervical carcinomas were squamous cell type, and nearly 20% were adenocarcinomas. Cervical carcinoma incidence rates were increased for black women compared with white women and for Hispanic women compared with non-Hispanic women. Hispanic women had increased rates of adenocarcinomas compared with non-Hispanic women. The South had increased incidence and mortality, rates compared with the Northeast. CONCLUSIONS. Disparities by race/ethnicity and region persist in the burden of cervical cancer in the US. Comprehensive screening and vaccination programs, as well as improved surveillance, will be essential if this burden is to be reduced in the future. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2855-64. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Watson, Meg] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Flowers, Lisa] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schwerin, Molly] Maine Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maine Canc Registry, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Augusta, ME USA. [Cokkinides, Vilma] Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Huang, Youjie] Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Chron Dis Epidemiol Sect, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Giuliano, Anna] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Risk Assessment Detect & Intervent Program, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Watson, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eze5@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50 DP42407104] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP42407104 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 53 TC 138 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2855 EP 2864 DI 10.1002/cncr.23756 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200003 PM 18980204 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Watson, M Wu, XC King, JB Chen, VW Smith, JS Giuliano, AR AF Saraiya, Mona Watson, Meg Wu, Xiaocheng King, Jessica B. Chen, Vivien W. Smith, Jennifer S. Giuliano, Anna R. TI Incidence of In Situ and Invasive Vulvar Cancer in the US, 1998-2003 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE vulvar cancer; human papillomavirus; HPV vaccine; cancer registries ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; RISK; CARCINOMAS; VACCINE; LESIONS AB BACKGROUND. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been shown to prevent precancerous lesions of the vulva with the potential to prevent a percentage of vulvar cancers. To provide a baseline picture before HPV vaccine implementation, the authors described vulvar cancer epidemiology by age, race, ethnicity and histology in the US. METHODS. The authors examined incidence data from 39 population-based cancer registries that met high-quality data standards from 1998 to 2003, covering approximately 83% of the US population. They limited their analysis to in Situ and invasive vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). In situ vulvar cancers did not include vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia type 3 (VIN 3). RESULTS. SCC accounted for 77% of in situ cases and 75% of invasive vulvar cancers, an annual burden of 1498 in Situ and 2266 invasive SCC vulvar cancers. Greater than 75% of the in situ and invasive SCCs had no specific histology identified. White women had the highest rates of vulvar cancer; the incidence rates of invasive vulvar SCC among black women and Hispanic women were approximately one-third lower than for their counterparts (white women and non-Hispanic women, respectively). For women aged <50 years, the age-specific rates of invasive SCC were approximately the same among whites and blacks. Increases in rates after age 50 years, however, were noted to be more rapid among white than among black women. CONCLUSIONS. Distinct age-specific incidence rate patterns of invasive vulvar SCC by race and ethnicity and the higher incidence rates observed among white women compared with women of other races and ethnicities were opposite to patterns noted for cervical cancer. Underestimations of the burden of in situ vulvar cancers were a result of the inability to examine VIN 3 in the authors' data. Encouragement of cancer registries to report and submit VIN 3 data and more research on data quality will allow a thorough assessment of the impact of HPV vaccine by providing a basis for examining the true burden and quality of these precancerous vulvar tumors. Increased documentation of histologic subtypes in pathology reports and in cancer registry data can help differentiate the burden of HPV-associated types from non-HPV-associated types of vulvar cancers. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2865-72. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Saraiya, Mona; Watson, Meg; King, Jessica B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Giuliano, Anna R.] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Risk Assessment Detect & Intervent Program, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Smith, Jennifer S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Wu, Xiaocheng; Chen, Vivien W.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Louisiana Tumor Registry & Epidemiol Program, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM yzs2@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2865 EP 2872 DI 10.1002/cncr.23759 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200004 PM 18980209 ER PT J AU Wu, XC Matanoski, G Chen, VW Saraiya, M Coughlin, SS King, JB Tao, XG AF Wu, Xiaocheng Matanoski, Genevieve Chen, Vivien W. Saraiya, Mona Coughlin, Steven S. King, Jessica B. Tao, Xu-Guang TI Descriptive Epidemiology of Vaginal Cancer Incidence and Survival by Race, Ethnicity, and Age in the United States SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE vaginal cancer; human papillomavirus; epidemiology; survival ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; CERVICAL-CANCER; CARCINOMA; RISK; AMERICAN; WOMEN; RATES; DISPARITIES AB BACKGROUND. Vaginal cancer is a rare malignancy. It has many of the same risk factors as cervical cancer, including a strong association with persistent human papillomavirus infection. Descriptive studies of the epidemiology of vaginal cancer are scarce in the literature. METHODS. The 1998 through 2003 incidence data from 39 population-based cancer registries were used, covering Lip to 83% of the US population. The 1996 through 2003 data from 17 cancer registries were used for survival analysis. Incidence rates, disease stage, and 5-year relative Survival rates were calculated by race, ethnicity, and age group. Data analysis focused mainly on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). RESULTS. incidence rates for all vaginal cancers combined were 0.18 per 100,000 female population for in situ cases and 0.69 for invasive cases. The median age of invasive cases was older than that of in situ cases (aged 68 years vs 58 years). SCC was the most common histologic type (71% Of in Situ cases and 66% of invasive cases). Compared with the rate for white women, the age-adjusted incidence rate of invasive SCC was 72% higher (P < .05) among black women, whereas the rate among Asian/Pacific Islander (API) women was 34% lower (P < .05). Hispanic women had a 38% higher rate than non-Hispanic women (P < .05) of invasive SCC. The rates for in Situ SCC peaked at age 70 years and then declined, whereas the rates of invasive SCC increased continuously with advancing age. Black, API, and Hispanic women as well as older women were more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage disease, and these groups had lower 5-year relative survival rates than their white, non-Hispanic, and younger counterparts. CONCLUSIONS. incidence rates of vaginal SCC varied significantly by race, ethnicity, and age group. Black, API, and Hispanic women as well as older women had a high proportion of late-stage disease and a low 5-year survival rate. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2873-82. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Wu, Xiaocheng; Chen, Vivien W.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Louisiana Tumor Registry,Epidemiol Program, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Matanoski, Genevieve] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Matanoski, Genevieve] Washington DC Canc Registry, Washington, DC USA. [Saraiya, Mona; Coughlin, Steven S.; King, Jessica B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tao, Xu-Guang] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Wu, XC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Louisiana Tumor Registry,Epidemiol Program, 1615 Poydras St,Suite 1400, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM xwu@lsuhsc.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 58 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2873 EP 2882 DI 10.1002/cncr.23757 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200005 PM 18980291 ER PT J AU Hernandez, BY Barnholtz-Sloan, J German, RR Giuliano, A Goodman, MT King, JB Negoita, S Villalon-Gomez, JM AF Hernandez, Brenda Y. Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill German, Robert R. Giuliano, Anna Goodman, Marc T. King, Jessica B. Negoita, Serban Villalon-Gomez, Jose M. TI Burden of Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis in the United States, 1998-2003 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cancer; human papillomavirus; incidence; mortality; penile; penis; squamous cell carcinoma; United States ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; HPV DNA; CANCER; MEN; CIRCUMCISION; PREVALENCE; DISEASE AB BACKGROUND. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis is rare in the United States. Although human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an established etiologic agent in at least 40% of penile SCCs, relatively little is known about the epidemiology of this malignancy. METHODS. Population-based data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program for Cancer Registries, and the National Center for Health Statistics were used to examine invasive penile SCC incidence and mortality in the United States. SEER data were used to examine treatment of penile SCC. RESULTS. From 1998 to 2003, 4967 men were diagnosed with histologically confirmed invasive penile SCC in the United States, representing less than 1% of new cancers in men. The annual, average age-adjusted incidence rate was 0.81 cases per 100,000 men, and rates increased steadily with age. Overall, penile SCC incidence was comparable in whites and blacks, but approximately 2-fold lower in Asians/Pacific Islanders. Rates among Hispanics were 72% higher compared with non-Hispanics. Blacks compared with whites and Asians/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanics were diagnosed at significantly younger ages. Higher rates of mortality were also observed among blacks compared with whites and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanics. Penile SCC incidence and mortality were elevated in Southern states and in regions of low socioeconomic status (SES). Some histologic and anatomic site differences were observed by race and ethnicity. Treatment of penile SCC varied with age, stage, and other tumor characteristics. CONCLUSIONS. There are considerable disparities in invasive penile cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. Key risk factors for excess incidence include Hispanic ethnicity and residence in the South and in low SES regions. Risks for excess mortality include these factors in addition to black race. Decreases in penile cancer incidence and mortality in the United States may be realized in the future as the indirect result of prophylactic HPV vaccination of females. Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiology of penile cancer including the role of HPV Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2883-91. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Hernandez, Brenda Y.; Goodman, Marc T.] Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill] Case Western Reserve Univ, Case Comprehens Canc Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [German, Robert R.; King, Jessica B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Giuliano, Anna] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Negoita, Serban] New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Community Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Villalon-Gomez, Jose M.] Jamaica Hosp Family Med Residency Program, Mt Sinai Sch Med, Queens, NY USA. RP Hernandez, BY (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM brenda@crch.hawaii.edu RI Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill/A-4817-2011 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50 DP424071-04]; advisory committee and speakers bureau of Merck FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Anna Giuliano received a research grant from and is on the advisory committee and speakers bureau of Merck. NR 37 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2883 EP 2891 DI 10.1002/cncr.23743 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200006 PM 18980292 ER PT J AU Joseph, DA Miller, JW Wu, XC Chen, VW Morris, CR Goodman, MT Villalon-Gomez, JM Williams, MA Cress, RD AF Joseph, Djenaba A. Miller, Jacqueline W. Wu, Xiaocheng Chen, Vivien W. Morris, Cyllene R. Goodman, Marc T. Villalon-Gomez, Jose M. Williams, Melanie A. Cress, Rosemary D. TI Understanding the Burden of Human Papillomavirus-associated Anal Cancers in the US SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE anal cancer; human papillomavirus; incidence rates; squamous cell carcinoma; vaccine ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; ANOGENITAL CANCER; CARCINOMA; INFECTION; ETIOLOGY; RISK; MEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB BACKGROUND. Anal cancer is an uncommon malignancy in the US; up to 93% of anal cancers are associated with human papillomavirus. METHODS. Cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2003 from 39 population-based cancer registries were analyzed. The following anal cancer histologies were included in the analysis: squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, and small cell/neuroendocrine carcinomas. Incidence rates were age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. RESULTS. From 1998 through 2003, the annual age-adjusted invasive anal cancer incidence rate was 1.5 per 100,000 persons. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histology overall, accounting for 18,105 of 21,395 (84.6%) cases of anal cancer. Women had a higher rate of SCC (1.5 per 100,000) than men (1.0). Whites and blacks had the highest incidence rate (1.3), whereas Asians/Pacific Islanders (API) had the lowest rate (0.3). Incidence rates of anal SCC increased 2.6% per year on average. The majority of SCC cases were diagnosed at the in situ or localized stage (58.1%). API were more likely to be diagnosed with regional or distant stage disease than were other racial/ethnic groups (27.5% and 11.8%, respectively). Males had lower 5-year relative survival than females for all stages of disease. CONCLUSIONS. Rates of anal SCC varied by sex, race, and ethnicity. A higher proportion of API were diagnosed at regional/distant stage. Men had lower 5-year Survival rates than women. Continued Surveillance and additional research are needed to assess the potential impact of the HPV vaccine on the anal cancer burden in the US. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2892-900. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Joseph, Djenaba A.; Miller, Jacqueline W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Wu, Xiaocheng; Chen, Vivien W.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Louisiana Tumor Registry,Epidemiol Program, New Orleans, LA USA. [Morris, Cyllene R.; Cress, Rosemary D.] Calif Canc Registry, Inst Publ Hlth, Sacramento, CA USA. [Goodman, Marc T.] Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Williams, Melanie A.] Dept State Hlth Serv, Canc Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. [Villalon-Gomez, Jose M.] Jamaica Hosp, Mt Sinai Sch Med, Med Ctr, Family Med Residency Program, New York, NY USA. RP Joseph, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DAJoseph@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 38 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2892 EP 2900 DI 10.1002/cncr.23744 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200007 PM 18980293 ER PT J AU Ryerson, AB Peters, ES Coughlin, SS Chen, VW Gillison, ML Reichman, ME Wu, XC Chaturvedi, AK Kawaoka, K AF Ryerson, A. Blythe Peters, Edward S. Coughlin, Steven S. Chen, Vivien W. Gillison, Maura L. Reichman, Marsha E. Wu, Xiaocheng Chaturvedi, Anil K. Kawaoka, Kelly TI Burden of Potentially Human Papillomavirus-associated Cancers of the Oropharynx and Oral Cavity in the US, 1998-2003 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cancer; human papillomavirus; oral cancer; oropharyngeal cancer ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT; NECK-CANCER; PHARYNGEAL CANCER; UNITED-STATES; TONSILLAR CANCER; HPV INFECTIONS; HEAD; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK AB BACKGROUND. As human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination becomes widely available in the US for cervical cancer prevention, it may also affect the rates of other cancers potentially associated with HPV The objective of the current study was to describe the incidence rates of oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancers in the US with a focus on anatomic sites potentially associated with HPV infection. METHODS. incident cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2003 identified through 39 population-based registries that participate in the National Program of Cancer Registries and/or the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program were examined. The incidence rates of potentially HPV-associated oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancers by various characteristics were estimated. The 1998 through 2003 trends in these rates were also compared with rates for sites not previously shown to be associated with HPV (comparison sites). RESULTS. In all, 44,160 cases of potentially HPV-associated cancers of the oropharynx and oral cavity were identified, including 19,239 (43.6%) tonsillar, 16,964 (38.4%) base of tongue, and 7957 (18.0%) other oropharyngeal cancers. The incidence rates for these sites were highest among blacks, and higher among non-Hispanics and men than among Hispanics and women. The annual incidence rates of potentially HPV-associated cancers of the tonsil mid base of tongue both increased significantly from 1998 through 2003 (annual percentage change [APC], 3.0; P < .05 for both sites), whereas the incidence rates of cancer at the comparison sites generally decreased. CONCLUSIONS. The results of the current study provide baseline incidence rates of potentially HPV-associated cancers of the oropharynx and oral cavity that can be compared with rates after the widespread implementation of the HPV vaccination. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2901-9. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Ryerson, A. Blythe; Coughlin, Steven S.; Kawaoka, Kelly] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Chaturvedi, Anil K.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Reichman, Marsha E.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gillison, Maura L.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Peters, Edward S.; Chen, Vivien W.; Wu, Xiaocheng] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Louisiana Tumor Registry,Epidemiol Program, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Ryerson, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ARyerson@cdc.gov RI Chaturvedi, Anil/J-2024-2015; OI Chaturvedi, Anil/0000-0003-2696-8899; /0000-0003-4928-6532 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 50 TC 157 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2901 EP 2909 DI 10.1002/cncr.23745 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200008 PM 18980273 ER PT J AU Benard, VB Johnson, CJ Thompson, TD Roland, KB Lai, SM Cokkinides, V Tangka, F Hawkins, NA Lawson, H Weir, HK AF Benard, Vicki B. Johnson, Christopher J. Thompson, Trevor D. Roland, Katherine B. Lai, Sue Min Cokkinides, Vilma Tangka, Florence Hawkins, Nikki A. Lawson, Herschel Weir, Hannah K. TI Examining the Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Potential Human Papillomavirus-associated Cancers SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE human papillomavirus (HPV); socioeconomic status (SES); cervical cancer; vaginal cancer; vulvar cancer; penile cancer; anal cancer; oropharyngeal cancer; cancer registry ID ONCOGENIC HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CERVICAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-CANCER; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL; WOMEN; CARCINOMA; SURVIVAL; US AB BACKGROUND. This study examined the association between county-level measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and the incidence rate of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated cancers, including cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile, and oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. METHODS. The authors collected data from cancer registries for site-specific invasive cancer diagnoses between 1998 and 2003, inclusive, among adults aged >20 years at the time of diagnosis. County-level variables that included education, income, and poverty status were used as factors for socioeconomic status. Measures of rural-urban status, the percentage of the population that currently smoked, and the percentage of women who reported having ever had a Papanicolaou (Pap) test were also studied. RESULTS. Lower education and higher poverty were found to be associated with increased penile, cervical, and vaginal invasive cancer incidence rates. Higher education was associated with increased incidence of vulvar cancer, male and female anal cancer, and male and female oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. Race was an independent predictor of the development of these potentially HPV-associated cancers. CONCLUSIONS. These findings illustrate the association between SES variables and the development of HPV-associated cancers. The findings also highlight the importance of considering SES factors when developing policies to increase access to medical care and reduce cancer disparities in the United States. Cancer 2008; 113(10 suppl):2910-8. Published 2008 411 the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Benard, Vicki B.] CDC, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Cokkinides, Vilma] Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Res Surveillance, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Lai, Sue Min] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas Canc Registry, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. [Johnson, Christopher J.] Canc Data Registry Idaho, Boise, ID USA. RP Benard, VB (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, NCCDPHP, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vdb9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 50 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0008-543X EI 1097-0142 J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2910 EP 2918 DI 10.1002/cncr.23742 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200009 PM 18980274 ER PT J AU Balamurugan, A Ahmed, F Saraiya, M Kosary, C Schwenn, M Cokkinides, V Flowers, L Pollack, LA AF Balamurugan, Appathurai Ahmed, Faruque Saraiya, Mona Kosary, Carol Schwenn, Molly Cokkinides, Vilma Flowers, Lisa Pollack, Lori A. TI Potential Role of Human Papillomavirus in the Development of Subsequent Primary In Situ and Invasive Cancers Among Cervical Cancer Survivors SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE human papillomavirus; human papillomavirus vaccine; cervical cancer; survivors; prevention; subsequent primary cancer ID 2ND PRIMARY-CANCER; TEACHABLE MOMENT; RISK; CARCINOMA; VACCINATION; INFECTION; SMOKING; HEALTH; WOMEN AB BACKGROUND. The recent licensure of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines will likely decrease the development of primary in situ and invasive cervical cancers and possibly other HPV-associated cancers such as vaginal, vulvar, and anal cancers. Because the HPV vaccine has the ability to impact the development of >1 HPV-associated cancer in the same individual, the risk of developing subsequent primary cancers among cervical cancer survivors was examined. METHODS. Using the 1992 through 2004 data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, 23,509 cervical cancer survivors were followed (mean of 4.8 person-years) for the development of subsequent primary cancers. The observed number (0) of subsequent cancers of all sites were compared with those expected (E) based on age-/race-/year-/site-specific rates in the SEER population. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs = O/E) were considered statistically significant if they differed from 1, with an a level of 0.05. RESULTS. Among cervical cancer index cases, there was a significant elevated risk for Subsequent in situ cancers of the vagina and vulva (SIRs of 53.8 and 6.6, respectively); and invasive vaginal, vulvar, and rectal cancers (SIRs of 29.9, 5.7, and 2.2, respectively). Significantly elevated risks were observed across race and ethnic populations for subsequent vaginal in situ (SIR for whites of 49.4; blacks, 52.8; Asian/Pacific Islander [API], 91.4; and Hispanics, 55.7) and invasive cancers (SIR for whites of 25.7; blacks, 34.5; API, 48.5; and Hispanics, 25.2). CONCLUSIONS. The results of the current Study demonstrate a substantially increased risk of the development of subsequent primary in situ and invasive cancers among cervical cancer survivors and have implications for the development of prevention and early detection strategies as the role of HPV infection becomes evident. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2919-25. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Balamurugan, Appathurai] Arkansas Dept Hlth, Arkansas Cent Canc Registry, Epidemiol Branch, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Ahmed, Faruque] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Saraiya, Mona; Pollack, Lori A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kosary, Carol] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schwenn, Molly] Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Maine Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maine Canc Registry, Augusta, ME USA. [Cokkinides, Vilma] Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Res Surveillance, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Flowers, Lisa] Emory Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Balamurugan, A (reprint author), Ctr Publ Hlth Practice, Epidemiol Branch, 4815 W Markham,Slot H-32, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM Appathurai.Balamurugan@arkansas.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2919 EP 2925 DI 10.1002/cncr.23746 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200010 PM 18980275 ER PT J AU Negoita, S Harrison, JN Qiao, BZ Ekwueme, DU Flowers, LC Kahn, AR AF Negoita, Serban Harrison, Jovanka N. Qiao, Baozhen Ekwueme, Donatus U. Flowers, Lisa C. Kahn, Amy R. TI Distribution of Treatment for Human Papillomavirus-associated Gynecologic Carcinomas Before Prophylactic Vaccine SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE carcinoma; demography; female genital neoplasms; gynecologic surgery; hysterectomy; radiotherapy; trends ID INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; UTERINE CERVIX; CARE; HYSTERECTOMY; WOMEN; US; PATTERNS AB BACKGROUND. This report describes the distribution of treatment for cervix uteri, vagina, and vulva carcinomas by demographic characteristics before the widespread implementation of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the US. METHODS. The authors used data collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program from 2000 through 2004 to calculate the distribution of surgical procedures and radiotherapy by carcinoma site, disease stage, and tumor histology (squamous vs nonsquamous). For women with localized cervical carcinomas, the proportions of hysterectomy procedures were analyzed by age, race, ethnicity, marital status, and histology, including a 13-year trend analysis of hysterectomy use. RESULTS. Although 75% of the women with cervical carcinomas underwent hysterectomy, there were significant differences in treatment by race and ethnicity. Black women were least likely to undergo hysterectomies: The large gap between them and other racial/ethnic groups persisted throughout the study period. For all 3 carcinoma sites, both tumor histology and disease stage influenced radiotherapy modality and the extent of surgery Nonsquamous histology, ages 30 to 64 wars, Asian/Pacific Islander race, and marriage were associated positively with hysterectomy. Overall, a gradual decrease in hysterectomy use was observed over time. Hysterectomies among Hispanic white women increased slightly CONCLUSIONS. Cancer surveillance data Suggest that treatment patterns of HPV-associated carcinomas are correlated with both clinical and demographic characteristics. The decreasing use of hysterectomy before introduction of the HPV vaccine and the vaccine's potential effect on the age-related stage distributions warrant consideration when evaluating its future impact on the delivery of care for women with HPV-associated tumors. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2926-35. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Negoita, Serban; Harrison, Jovanka N.; Qiao, Baozhen; Kahn, Amy R.] New York State Dept Hlth, New York State Canc Registry, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Ekwueme, Donatus U.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Flowers, Lisa C.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Negoita, S (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, New York State Canc Registry, Empire State Plaza,Corning Tower,Room 536, Albany, NY 12237 USA. EM sxn04@health.state.ny.us FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U58/DP000783-01] FX Supported in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Cooperative Agreement U58/DP000783-01 awarded to the New York State Department of Health through the National Program of Cancer Registries. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2926 EP 2935 DI 10.1002/cncr.23751 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200011 PM 18980276 ER PT J AU Ekwueme, DU Chesson, HW Zhang, KB Balamurugan, A AF Ekwueme, Donatus U. Chesson, Harrell W. Zhang, Kevin B. Balamurugan, Appathurai TI Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Costs Because of Cancer Mortality and for Specific Cancer Sites Where Human Papillomavirus May Be a Risk Factor for Carcinogenesis-United States, 2003 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE human papillomavirus; years of potential life lost; productivity costs; cancer mortality ID CERVICAL-CANCER; ECONOMIC BURDEN; ILLNESS; CALIFORNIA; WORLDWIDE; IMPACT; CARE AB BACKGROUND. Although years of potential life lost (YPLL) and mortality-related productivity costs comprise a substantial portion of the burden of cancers where human papillomavirus (HPV) may be a risk factor for carcinogenesis (called HPV-associated cancers in this report), estimates of these costs are limited. The authors estimated the mortality-related burden (in terms of YPLL and productivity costs) of HPV-associated cancers (without regard to the percentage of each of these cancers that could be attributed to HPV) and all malignant cancers in the United States in 2003. METHODS. The authors used 2003 national mortality data and US life tables to estimate YPLL for HPV-associated cancers and all malignant cancers. YPLL was estimated by using the life expectancy method. The human capital approach was used to estimate the value of the expected future lifetime productivity losses caused by premature deaths from HPV-associated cancers and all malignant cancers. Indirect mortality costs were estimated as the product of the number of deaths and the expected value of individuals' future earnings, including an imputed value of housekeeping services. RESULTS. In 2003, HPV-associated cancers accounted for 181,026 YPLL, which represented 2.4% of the estimated 7.5 million YPLL attributable to all malignant cancers in the United States. The average number of YPLL was 21.8 per HPV-associated cancer death and 16.3 per death from overall malignant cancers. Overall, HPV-associated cancers had the largest relative contribution to YPLL in women ages 30 to 34 years. The lifetime productivity cost from mortality in 2003 was $3.7 billion for HPV-associated cancer mortality and $133.5 billion for overall malignant cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS. HPV-associated cancers impose a considerable burden in terms of premature deaths and productivity losses. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2936-45. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Ekwueme, Donatus U.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Balamurugan, Appathurai] Arkansas Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Arkansas Cent Canc Registry, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Zhang, Kevin B.] Macro Int, Calverton, MD USA. [Chesson, Harrell W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ekwueme, DU (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dce3@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2936 EP 2945 DI 10.1002/cncr.23761 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200012 PM 18980277 ER PT J AU Copeland, G Datta, SD Spivak, G Garvin, AD Cote, ML AF Copeland, Glenn Datta, S. Deblina Spivak, Georgia Garvin, Ann Davis Cote, Michele L. TI Total Burden and Incidence of In Situ and Invasive Cervical Carcinoma in Michigan, 1985-2003 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cervical carcinoma; in situ cervical carcinoma; State of Michigan; human papillomavirus ID CANCER; WOMEN AB BACKGROUND. with the recent licensure of a vaccine that protects against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, US women are expected to experience lower rates of cervical cancer. However, surveillance systems must be in place in the US to measure the real-world effectiveness of vaccination programs. Although population-based registries will provide invasive cervical cancer (ICC) incidence and burden data, the impact of HPV vaccine on cervical cancer will not be measurable for several decades. Cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS), a cervical precancer and the immediate precursor to ICC, is an earlier presentation of HPV-related cervical disease that affects a much larger number of women, and monitoring trends in CIS could provide an earlier measure of HPV vaccine effectiveness. Currently, registries do not collect data on CIS except for the state cancer registry in Michigan, which has been continually collecting CIS data since 1985. METHODS. All cases of CIS and ICC diagnosed from 1985 through 2003 in the Michigan registry were identified. Available data include age at diagnosis, race, morphologic tumor type, and tumor behavior. RESULTS. There were 58,144 cases of CIS and ICC, of which 48,272 (83.0%) were CIS and 9872 (17.0%) were ICC. There were 2928 CIS cases and 413 ICC cases diagnosed in Michigan during 2003, compared with 1577 CIS and 516 ICC cases reported in 1985. Age-adjusted CIS rates increased from 1985 (31.7 per 100,000) to 2003 (59.2 per 100,000); rates of CIS were highest among women age <40 years. Age-adjusted rates of ICC have declined since 1990, when the rate was 14 per 100,000 females; the rate is currently down to 7.8 per 100,000 females in 2003. CONCLUSIONS. The rising rates of CIS in women age <40 years, coupled with declining rates of ICC, suggests the important role of early CIS detection in the prevention of ICC. The CIS trend data, used in conjunction with ICC trend data, help to provide a more thorough picture of cervical disease in the state and also provide baseline data regarding CIS burden in a prevaccine era. The experiences of the Michigan registry can inform the development of CIS surveillance in other registries, an important potential registry role relative to monitoring cervical cancer prevention efforts. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2946-54. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Copeland, Glenn; Spivak, Georgia] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Michigan Canc Surveillance Program, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. [Datta, S. Deblina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Garvin, Ann Davis] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Canc Control Sect, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. [Cote, Michele L.] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. [Cote, Michele L.] Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. RP Copeland, G (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Michigan Canc Surveillance Program, 201 Townsend,POB 30691, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. EM CopelandG@michigan.gov FU Centers for Disease Control; National Cancer Institute; Michigan Department of Community Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U50 DP424071-04] FX Funded in part by the Centers for Disease Control, the National Cancer Institute, and the Michigan Department of Community Health.; This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2946 EP 2954 DI 10.1002/cncr.23747 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200013 PM 18980278 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Richards, TB Nasseri, K Weiss, NS Wiggins, CL Saraiya, M Stinchcomb, DG Vensor, VM Nielson, CM AF Coughlin, Steven S. Richards, Thomas B. Nasseri, Kiumarss Weiss, Nancy S. Wiggins, Charles L. Saraiya, Mona Stinchcomb, David G. Vensor, Veronica M. Nielson, Carrie M. TI Cervical Cancer Incidence in the United States in the US-Mexico Border Region, 1998-2003 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cervical cancer; healthcare access; Hispanics; incidence ID FOREIGN-BORN WOMEN; AMERICAN WOMEN; METAANALYSIS; BREAST; AGE AB BACKGROUND. Cervical cancer mortality rates have declined in the United States, primarily because of Papanicolaou testing. However, limited information is available about the incidence of the disease in the US-Mexico border region, where some of the poorest counties in the United States are located. This study was undertaken to help compare the patterns of cervical cancer incidence among women in the US-Mexico border region and other parts of the United States. METHODS. Age-adjusted cervical cancer incidence rates for border counties in the states bordering Mexico (California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas) for the years 1998 to 2003 were compared with the rates for nonborder counties of the border states and with those of nonborder states. Differences were examined by age, race, ethnicity, rural residence, educational attainment, poverty, migration, stage of disease, and histology. RESULTS. Overall, Hispanic women had almost twice the cervical cancer incidence of non-Hispanic women in border counties, and Hispanic women in the border states had higher rates than did non-Hispanic women in nonborder states. In contrast, cervical cancer incidence rates among black women in the border counties were lower than those among black women in the nonborder states. Among white women, however, incidence rates were higher among those in nonborder states. Differences in cervical cancer incidence rates by geographic locality were also evident by age, urban/rural residence, migration from outside the United States, and stage of disease. CONCLUSIONS. Disparities in cervical cancer incidence in the US-Mexico border counties, when the incidence is compared with that of other counties and geographic regions, are evident. Of particular concern are the higher rates of late-stage cervical cancer diagnosed among women in the border states, especially because such cervical cancer is preventable. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2964-73. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Nielson, Carrie M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Vensor, Veronica M.] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [Stinchcomb, David G.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wiggins, Charles L.] Univ New Mexico, New Mexico Tumor Registry, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Weiss, Nancy S.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Texas Canc Registry, Austin, TX USA. [Nasseri, Kiumarss] Calif Canc Registry, Inst Publ Hlth, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Coughlin, Steven S.; Richards, Thomas B.; Saraiya, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs, Environm Epidemiol Serv 135, 810 Vermont Ave NW, Washington, DC 20420 USA. EM steven.coughlin@va.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2964 EP 2973 DI 10.1002/cncr.23748 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200015 PM 18980280 ER PT J AU Hopenhayn, C King, JB Christian, A Huang, B Christian, WJ AF Hopenhayn, Claudia King, Jessica B. Christian, Amy Huang, Bin Christian, W. Jay TI Variability of Cervical Cancer Rates Across 5 Appalachian States, 1998-2003 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE Appalachia; cervical cancer; Papanicolaou testing; rural; women's health ID ABNORMAL PAP TESTS; UNITED-STATES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; FOLLOW-UP; WOMEN; MORTALITY; BREAST; RECOMMENDATIONS; DISPARITIES; CARCINOMA AB BACKGROUND. Although the rates of invasive cervical cancer (]CC) have decreased substantially in the US since the advent of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, Appalachian women remain at increased risk compared with the nation as a whole. The ICC incidence rates were compared in 5 Appalachian states with population-based cancer registries to investigate variability within the Appalachian region. METHODS. Alabama, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia were selected for the analysis on the basis of their having high-quality cancer registry data for 1998 through 2003. Incidence rates were calculated by state and by Appalachia/non-Appalachia, urban/rural, and black/nonblack within each state, following the standard case definition and inclusion criteria used in this supplement. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used to characterize the prevalence of Pap testing and smoking. RESULTS. The ICC incidence rates varied among the 5 states, being highest in West Virginia (10.9 of 100,000) and Kentucky (10.7 of 100,000), and lowest in Ohio (8.2 of 100,000). The Appalachian regions of Kentucky, West Virginia, and Ohio had considerably higher rates than those of Alabama and Pennsylvania. These variations reflected patterns in the rates of poverty, education, smoking, and Pap testing. CONCLUSIONS. The variability in ICC risk across subgroups of Appalachia should be considered in the planning of preventive strategies, including reduction in risk factors and promotion of screening and vaccination. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl): 2974-80. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Hopenhayn, Claudia] Univ Kentucky, Coll Publ Hlth, Lexington, KY 40504 USA. [Hopenhayn, Claudia] Univ Kentucky, Markey Canc Control Program, Lexington, KY 40504 USA. [King, Jessica B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hopenhayn, C (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Markey Canc Control Program, 2365 Harrodsburg Rd,Suite B100, Lexington, KY 40504 USA. EM cmhope0@uky.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Co-operative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2974 EP 2980 DI 10.1002/cncr.23749 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200016 PM 18980281 ER PT J AU Whiteside, MA Siegel, EM Unger, ER AF Whiteside, Martin A. Siegel, Erin M. Unger, Elizabeth R. TI Human Papillomavirus and Molecular Considerations for Cancer Risk SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE human papillomavirus; E6 protein; E7 protein; apoptosis; cell cycle; cell adhesion; DNA repair; biologic markers; DNA methylation ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; TYPE-16 E7 ONCOPROTEIN; UBIQUITIN-MEDIATED DEGRADATION; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; TELOMERASE REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; E6 PROTEIN; DNA METHYLATION; PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION; ABERRANT METHYLATION AB Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a major cause of cancer globally, including cervical cancer. The HPV 'early' proteins, E6 and E7, are the chief oncoproteins involved in cancer progression. These oncoproteins are more highly expressed in high-grade dysplasias and invasive cancer coincident with reduced viral DNA replication and reduced production of infective progeny virions. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins interact with several cellular proteins-classically TP53 and RB1, respectively-leading to the degradation of several of these proteins, although all interactions do not necessarily result in the degradation of a cellular protein. HPV infection is also associated with viral and host DNA methylation changes, many of which also occur in cancer types not associated with HPV infection. The E6 and E7 interactions with cellular proteins and DNA methylation changes are associated with changes in the integrity of key cellular pathways that regulate genomic integrity; cell adhesion, the immune response, apoptosis, and cell cycle control. The alterations in key cellular pathways may provide useful biomarkers to improve the sensitivity of current cancer screening methods, such as the Papanicolaou test. This review provides a detailed summary of the interactions of E6 and E7 with cellular proteins and alterations in cellular DNA methylation associated with HPV infection. The importance of molecular biomarkers to the clinical setting, underserved populations, and general public health is discussed. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2981-94. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Whiteside, Martin A.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Off Canc Surveillance, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. [Siegel, Erin M.] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Unger, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whiteside, MA (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Off Canc Surveillance, Cordell Hull Bldg,6th Floor,425 5th Ave North, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. EM Martin.Whiteside@state.tn.us OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04. from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 171 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2981 EP 2994 DI 10.1002/cncr.23750 PG 14 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200017 PM 18980282 ER PT J AU Dunne, EF Datta, SD Markowitz, LE AF Dunne, Eileen F. Datta, S. Deblina Markowitz, Lauri E. TI A Review of Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus Vaccines: Recommendations and Monitoring in the US SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE human papillomavirus vaccine; human papillomavirus; quadrivalent; vaccine recommendations ID GENITAL HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; GRADE CERVICAL LESIONS; YOUNG-WOMEN; PARTICLE VACCINE; NATURAL-HISTORY; QUADRIVALENT VACCINE; SUSTAINED EFFICACY; UNITED-STATES; HPV INFECTION AB It has been estimated that genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US. Nononcogenic types, such as HPV type 6 (HPV-6) and HPV-11, can cause benign or low-grade cervical cell changes, genital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Oncogenic types call cause cervical and other anogenital cancers; oncogenic HPV types are detected in 99% of cervical cancers worldwide. A quadrivalent HPV vaccine to prevent HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, and HPV-18 was licensed for use in the US in June 2006 and an application for Food and Drug Administration licensure was submitted for a bivalent HPV vaccine to prevent HPV-16 and HPV-18 in March 2007. Currently in the US, the quadrivalent HPV vaccine is recommended for routine immunization of girls aged 11 and 12 years, and catch-up immunization is recommended through age 26 years. Monitoring the impact of prophylactic HPV vaccines will be useful for understanding the population level impact of vaccination. In this report, the authors provide a brief review of the epidemiology of HPV infection and an overview of prophylactic HPV vaccines and postvaccine licensure monitoring. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2995-3003. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Dunne, Eileen F.; Datta, S. Deblina; Markowitz, Lauri E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. RP Dunne, EF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. EM dde9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 54 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 2995 EP 3003 DI 10.1002/cncr.23763 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200018 PM 18980283 ER PT J AU Khan, K Curtis, CR Ekwueme, DU Stokley, S Walker, C Roland, K Benard, V Saraiya, M AF Khan, Kris Curtis, C. Robinette Ekwueme, Donatus U. Stokley, Shannon Walker, Chastity Roland, Katherine Benard, Vicki Saraiya, Mona TI Preventing Cervical Cancer Overviews of the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program and 2 US Immunization Programs SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE federal programs; HPV; immunization; Vaccines for Children; National Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Program ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSES; UNITED-STATES; ECONOMIC-IMPACT; VACCINES; HEALTH; DISPARITIES; INFECTION; AREA; MORTALITY AB Three federal programs with the potential to reduce cervical cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality, especially among underserved populations, are administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP), the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program, and the Section 317 immunization grant program. The NBCCEDP provides breast and cervical cancer screening and diagnostic services to uninsured and underinsured women. The VFC program and the Section 317 immunization grant program provide vaccines, including human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, to targeted populations at no cost for these vaccines. This article describes the programs, their histories, populations served, services offered, and roles in preventing cervical cancer through HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening. Potential long-term reduction in healthcare costs resulting from HPV vaccination is also discussed. As an example of an initiative to vaccinate uninsured women aged 19-26 years through a cancer services program, a state-based effort that was recently launched in New York, is highlighted. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):3004-12. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Khan, Kris; Ekwueme, Donatus U.; Walker, Chastity; Roland, Katherine; Benard, Vicki; Saraiya, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Curtis, C. Robinette; Stokley, Shannon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Khan, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Program Serv Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-57, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM kkhan@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement No. U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 55 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 3004 EP 3012 DI 10.1002/cncr.23765 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200019 PM 18980296 ER PT J AU Tiro, JA Saraiya, M Jain, N Liddon, N Cokkinides, V Lai, SM Breen, N Wideroff, L AF Tiro, Jasmin A. Saraiya, Mona Jain, Nidhi Liddon, Nicole Cokkinides, Vilma Lai, Sue Min Breen, Nancy Wideroff, Louise TI Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer Behavioral Surveillance in the US SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cervical cancer; behavioral surveillance; human papillomavirus; Papanicolaou test use ID 2006 CONSENSUS GUIDELINES; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; EARLY-DETECTION PROGRAM; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; UNITED-STATES; TELEPHONE SURVEY; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; SOCIETY GUIDELINE; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; SCREENING-TESTS AB In the US, federal and state behavioral surveillance systems routinely monitor self-reported sexual behavior and Papanicolaou (Pap) test use to identify high-risk populations, trends, and disparities and to guide and evaluate interventions for cervical cancer prevention and control. Clinical uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and testing necessitates the expansion of behavioral surveillance systems. Cervical disease is the main focus of HPV-related behavioral surveillance because of greater cancer incidence and mortality relative to other susceptible organs, and the availability of effective technologies for prevention and control. In the current Study, a framework is presented for the types of behaviors to monitor, their conceptual and operational definitions, target Populations, and evidence supporting the reliability and validity of self-report measures. An overview is also provided of 8 population-based and 2 provider-based data systems that are nationally representative and accessible for behavioral Surveillance research. Ongoing surveillance at the national, state, and local level is critical for monitoring the dissemination of HPV technologies and their impact on reducing disparities in the detection of precursor lesions, incidence of invasive cancer, and mortality. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):3013-30. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Tiro, Jasmin A.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Clin Sci, Div Behav & Commun Sci, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Saraiya, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jain, Nidhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Liddon, Nicole] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cokkinides, Vilma] Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Lai, Sue Min] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. [Breen, Nancy; Wideroff, Louise] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Tiro, JA (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Clin Sci, Div Behav & Commun Sci, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM jasmin.tiro@utsouthwestern.edu RI Hernandez, Jessica/G-6527-2011; OI Tiro, Jasmin/0000-0001-8300-0441 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 84 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 3013 EP 3030 DI 10.1002/cncr.23760 PG 18 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200020 PM 18980284 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Goodman, MT Datta, SD Chen, VW Wingo, PA AF Saraiya, Mona Goodman, Marc T. Datta, S. Deblina Chen, Vivien W. Wingo, Phyllis A. TI Cancer Registries and Monitoring the Impact of Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus Vaccines: The Potential Role SO CANCER LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HPV TYPE-16; RISK; WOMEN; DNA; ACQUISITION; PERSISTENCE; PREVALENCE AB The recent US Food and Drug Administration licensure of a prophylactic vaccine against oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, the first of its kind, poses unique challenges in postmarketing vaccine surveillance, especially in measuring vaccine effectiveness against biologic endpoints of HPV infection. Historically, the national system of population-based cancer registries in the US has provided high-quality data on cancer incidence and mortality for the most important biologic endpoints, namely, anogenital cancers and some oral cavity/oropharyngeal cancers. There also has been some data collection on cancer precursors; however, this activity has been inconsistent and of lower priority Because effectiveness against HPV-associated cancers will not be measurable for several decades, strengthening and possibly expanding the capacity of registries to collect precancer data, which are earlier manifestations of infection, must be considered. Collecting type-specific data on HPV-associated precancers and cancers. While keeping in mind the current limitations of registry operations, they discuss resources that may be needed to implement and sustain these types of activities. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):3047-57. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Saraiya, Mona; Wingo, Phyllis A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. [Goodman, Marc T.] Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Datta, S. Deblina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. [Chen, Vivien W.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Louisiana Tumor Registry & Epidemiol Program, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. EM msaraiya@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U50 DP424071-04]; Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health [N01-PC-67001] FX This supplement to Cancer was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).; Marc Goodman has received support from Public Health Service contract N01-PC-67001 from the Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. Phyllis Wingo has received support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for her role as a consultant on this project. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 10 SU S BP 3047 EP 3057 DI 10.1002/cncr.23755 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 372QC UT WOS:000260915200023 PM 18980287 ER PT J AU Coates, RJ Kolor, K Stewart, SL Richardson, LC AF Coates, Ralph J. Kolor, Katherine Stewart, Sherri L. Richardson, Lisa C. TI Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer Screening: Not Ready for Routine Clinical Use SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 [Coates, Ralph J.; Kolor, Katherine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stewart, Sherri L.; Richardson, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Coates, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 14 IS 22 BP 7575 EP 7577 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2296 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 374AL UT WOS:000261014500053 PM 18948387 ER PT J AU Sheth, AN Wiersma, P Atrubin, D Dubey, V Zink, D Skinner, G Doerr, F Juliao, P Gonzalez, G Burnett, C Drenzek, C Shuler, C Austin, J Ellis, A Maslanka, S Sobel, J AF Sheth, Anandi N. Wiersma, Petra Atrubin, David Dubey, Vinita Zink, Donald Skinner, Guy Doerr, Fran Juliao, Patricia Gonzalez, German Burnett, Cindy Drenzek, Cherie Shuler, Carrie Austin, John Ellis, Andrea Maslanka, Susan Sobel, Jeremy TI International Outbreak of Severe Botulism with Prolonged Toxemia Caused by Commercial Carrot Juice SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; FOODBORNE BOTULISM; TOXIN PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; OUTGROWTH AB Background. On 8 September 2006, 3 Georgia residents presented with symptoms of food-borne botulism, a potentially fatal illness caused by Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins. Methods. Investigators reviewed medical records and interviewed patients and family members. Foods from patients' homes and samples of the implicated commercial beverage were tested for botulinum toxin and C. botulinum by standard methods. Results. The patients presented with cranial neuropathies and flaccid paralysis; all patients required mechanical ventilation. The 3 Georgia patients had consumed carrot juice from the same bottle before illness onset. An additional case in Florida and 2 in Ontario, Canada, were subsequently identified in patients who had consumed carrot juice. Serum samples obtained from 5 patients tested positive for botulinum toxin type A-in one patient, 12 days after illness onset, and in another patient, 25 days after illness onset. Carrot juice produced by 1 manufacturer, recovered from patients' homes in Georgia, Florida, and Ontario, yielded type A toxin. The juice contained no added sugar, salt, or preservative; inappropriate refrigeration likely resulted in botulinum toxin production. Conclusion. This outbreak was caused by commercially produced, internationally distributed carrot juice that was contaminated with botulinum toxin. When toxemia persists, treatment for botulism should be considered even if diagnosed weeks after illness onset. The implicated pasteurized carrot juice had no barriers to growth of C. botulinum other than refrigeration; additional protective measures for carrot juice are needed to prevent future outbreaks. The US Food and Drug Administration has since issued industry guidance to reduce the risk of C. botulinum intoxication from low-acid refrigerated juices. C1 [Sheth, Anandi N.; Wiersma, Petra; Juliao, Patricia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sheth, Anandi N.; Juliao, Patricia; Sobel, Jeremy] Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Maslanka, Susan] Enter Dis Lab Branch, Outbreak Invest Unit, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wiersma, Petra; Gonzalez, German; Burnett, Cindy; Drenzek, Cherie; Shuler, Carrie] Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Atrubin, David] Hillsborough Cty Hlth Dept, Tampa, FL USA. [Zink, Donald] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. [Skinner, Guy] US FDA, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit, NJ USA. [Doerr, Fran] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Dubey, Vinita] Toronto Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Austin, John] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Ellis, Andrea] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada. RP Sheth, AN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM asheth@cdc.gov OI Austin, John/0000-0001-8824-0495 FU CDC; FDA; Health Canada; Public Health Agency of Canada; Georgia Division of Public Health; Hillsborough County Health Department FX Financial support. CDC, FDA, Health Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Georgia Division of Public Health, and Hillsborough County Health Department. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1245 EP 1251 DI 10.1086/592574 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 360ST UT WOS:000260078800001 PM 18834318 ER PT J AU Cain, KP Mac Kenzie, WR Castro, KG Lobue, PA AF Cain, Kevin P. Mac Kenzie, William R. Castro, Kenneth G. LoBue, Philip A. TI No Man Is an Island: Reducing Diagnostic Delays in Undocumented Foreign-Born Persons Is Needed to Decrease the Risk of Tuberculosis Transmission SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; CARE; IMMIGRANTS; CONTACT; HEALTH C1 [Cain, Kevin P.; Mac Kenzie, William R.; Castro, Kenneth G.; LoBue, Philip A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cain, KP (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kcain@cdc.gov RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1284 EP 1286 DI 10.1086/592573 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 360ST UT WOS:000260078800006 PM 18834316 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD Fasano, F Ellington, JJ Crumley, FG Buettner, KM Evans, JJ Blount, BC Silva, LK Waite, TJ Luther, GW McKague, AB Miltner, RJ Wagner, ED Plewa, MJ AF Richardson, Susan D. Fasano, Francesca Ellington, J. Jackson Crumley, F. Gene Buettner, Katherine M. Evans, John J. Blount, Benjamin C. Silva, Lalith K. Waite, Tim J. Luther, George W. McKague, A. Bruce Miltner, Richard J. Wagner, Elizabeth D. Plewa, Michael J. TI Occurrence and Mammalian Cell Toxicity of Iodinated Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE; IN-VITRO; HALOACETIC ACIDS; GENOTOXICITY; CYTOTOXICITY; IODIDE; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; TRIHALOMETHANES; METABOLISM; OXIDATION AB An occurrence study was conducted to measure five iodo-acids (iodoacetic acid, bromoiodoacetic acid, (Z)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid, (E)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid, and (E)2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid) and two iodo-trihalomethanes (iodo-THMs), (dichloroiodomethane and bromochloro-iodomethane) in chloraminated and chlorinated drinking waters from 23 cities in the United States and Canada. Since iodoacetic acid was previously found to be genotoxic in mammalian cells, the iodo-acids and iodo-THMs were analyzed for toxicity.A gas chromatography (GC)/negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (MS) method was developed to measure the iodo-acids; iodo-THMs were measured using GC/high resolution electron ionization-MS with isotope dilution. The iodo-acids and iodo-THMs were found in waters from most plants, at maximum levels of 1.7 mu g/L (iodoacetic acid), 1.4 ug/L (bromoiodoacetic acid), 0.50 mu g/L ((Z)-3-bromo-3-iodopropenoic acid), 0.28 mu g/L ((E)-3-bromo-3-iodopropenoic acid), 0.58 mu g/L ((E)-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid), 10.2 mu g/L (bromochloroiodomethane), and 7.9 mu g/L(dichloroiodomethane). Iodo-acids and iodo-THMs were highest at plants with short free chlorine contact times (<1 min), and were lowest at a chlorine-only plant or at plants with long free chlorine contact times (>45 min). Iodide levels in source waters ranged from 0.4 to 104.2 ug/L(when detected), but there was not a consistent correlation between bromide and iodide. The rank order for mammalian cell chronic cytotoxicity of the compounds measured in this study, plus other iodinated compounds, was iodoacetic acid > (E)-3-bromo-2-iodopropenoic acid > iodoform > (E)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid > (Z)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid > diiodoacetic acid > bromoiodoacetic acid > (E)-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid > bromodiiodomethane > dibro-moiodomethane > bromochloroiodomethane approximate to chlorodi-iodomethane > dichloroiodomethane. With the exception of iodoform, the iodo-THMs were much less cytotoxic than the iodo-acids. Of the 13 compounds analyzed, 7 were genotoxic; their rank order was iodoacetic acid >> diiodoacetic acid > chlorodiiodomethane > bromoiodoacetic acid > E-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid > (E)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid > (E)-3-bromo-2-iodopropenoic acid. In general, compounds that contain an iodo-group have enhanced mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity as compared to their brominated and chlorinated analogues. C1 [Richardson, Susan D.; Fasano, Francesca; Ellington, J. Jackson; Crumley, F. Gene; Buettner, Katherine M.; Evans, John J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Blount, Benjamin C.; Silva, Lalith K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Waite, Tim J.; Luther, George W.] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [McKague, A. Bruce] CanSyn Chem Corp, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. [Miltner, Richard J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wagner, Elizabeth D.; Plewa, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wagner, Elizabeth D.; Plewa, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, NSF WaterCAMPWS Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM richardson.susan@epa.gov RI Luther, III, George/A-6384-2008 OI Luther, III, George/0000-0002-0780-885X FU EPA; U.S. EPA Cooperative Agreement [CR83069501]; Illinois-Indiana Sea [R/WF-09-06]; Center of Advanced Materials; National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center [0120978]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea [NA16RG016203] FX We are grateful to Sean Crook of Waters Corp. for helping us set up NCI-MS experiments, as well as Prof. Marco Vincenti of the University of Torino (Italy) for his support of Francesca Fasano. We thank Cristal Lindell, Al Thruston, Fred Cardinali, Stephanie Brown, David Griffith, Jeff Collins, Karen Kleier, and Carla McCord for chemical analyses. We appreciate the support of the EPA Greater Research Opportunities Undergraduate Fellowship (K.B. and Cristal Lindell). The toxicology research was funded in part by U.S. EPA Cooperative Agreement CR83069501, Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant R/WF-09-06, and the Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center, under Award CTS-0120978. G.W.L. acknowledges support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant (NA16RG016203). Lastly, we are grateful to the generous assistance from our collaborators at the treatment plants.Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 38 TC 187 Z9 200 U1 23 U2 153 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 22 BP 8330 EP 8338 DI 10.1021/es801169k PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372SF UT WOS:000260921400027 PM 19068814 ER PT J AU Ruckart, PZ Orr, MF Lanier, K Koehler, A AF Ruckart, Perri Zeitz Orr, Maureen F. Lanier, Kenneth Koehler, Allison TI Hazardous substances releases associated with Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in industrial settings, Louisiana and Texas SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the Mary-Kay-OConnor-Process-Safety-Center CY OCT 23-24, 2006 CL Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX SP Mary Kay OConnor Proc Safety Ctr HO Texas A&M Univ DE Hurricanes; Hazardous substances; Chemical release; Industrial release; Startup; Shutdown AB The scientific literature concerning the public health response to the unprecedented hurricanes striking the Gulf Coast in August and September 2005 has focused mainly on assessing health-related needs and surveillance of injuries, infectious diseases, and other illnesses. However, the hurricanes also resulted in unintended hazardous substances releases in the affected states. Data from two states (Louisiana and Texas) participating in the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system were analyzed to describe the characteristics of hazardous substances releases in industrial settings associated with Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. HSEES is an active multi-state Web-based surveillance system maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). In 2005, 166 hurricane-related hazardous substances events in industrial settings in Louisiana and Texas were reported. Most (72.3%) releases were due to emergency shut downs in preparation for the hurricanes and start-ups after the hurricanes. Emphasis is given to the contributing causal factors, hazardous substances released, and event scenarios. Recommendations are made to prevent or minimize acute releases of hazardous substances during future hurricanes, including installing backup power generation, securing equipment and piping to withstand high winds, establishing procedures to shutdown process operations safely, following established and up-to-date start-up procedures and checklists, and carefully performing pre-start-up safety reviews. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ruckart, Perri Zeitz; Orr, Maureen F.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lanier, Kenneth; Koehler, Allison] Off Publ Hlth, Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Ruckart, PZ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afp4@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 159 IS 1 SI SI BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.124 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 365YY UT WOS:000260447300009 PM 18031931 ER PT J AU Levin, MJ DeBiasi, RL Bostik, V Schmid, DS AF Levin, Myron J. DeBiasi, Roberta L. Bostik, Vanda Schmid, D. Scott TI Herpes Zoster with Skin Lesions and Meningitis Caused by 2 Different Genotypes of the Oka Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Herpesvirus Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2008 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL ID SEQUENCE VARIABILITY; SAFETY PROFILE; DNA; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; CHILDREN; SYSTEM; RASH AB A previously healthy boy who had received varicella vaccine developed herpes zoster with meningitis. The vaccine strain recovered from scabs of 3 skin lesions had the wild-type allele at position 108111, a vaccine marker never previously associated with vaccine-associated adverse events. The vaccine strain from cerebrospinal fluid also contained mutations never previously observed at vaccine-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms that would alter amino acid sequences in ORF54 and ORF59. The presence of distinct strains in skin lesions and cerebrospinal fluid indicate that> 1 variant strain may reactivate to cause herpes zoster. C1 [Levin, Myron J.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. [DeBiasi, Roberta L.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [DeBiasi, Roberta L.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Childrens Res Inst, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Bostik, Vanda; Schmid, D. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Team, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bostik, Vanda; Schmid, D. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl VZV Lab, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Levin, MJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Denver Hlth Sci Ctr, C227,Bldg 401,Rm R09-108,1784 Racine St, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM myron.levin@uchsc.edu NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 10 BP 1444 EP 1447 DI 10.1086/592452 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 366HW UT WOS:000260472400005 PM 18826373 ER PT J AU Helfand, RF Witte, D Fowlkes, A Garcia, P Yang, C Fudzulani, R Walls, L Bae, S Strebel, P Broadhead, R Bellini, WJ Cutts, F AF Helfand, Rita F. Witte, Desiree Fowlkes, Ashley Garcia, Philip Yang, Chunfu Fudzulani, Richard Walls, Laura Bae, Sun Strebel, Peter Broadhead, Robin Bellini, William J. Cutts, Felicity TI Evaluation of the Immune Response to a 2-Dose Measles Vaccination Schedule Administered at 6 and 9 Months of Age to HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Children in Malawi SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; IMMUNIZATION; INFANTS; ELIMINATION; STANDARD; STRAIN AB Background. The World Health Organization recommends that infants at high risk for developing measles before 9 months of age, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected infants, receive measles vaccination (MV) at 6 and 9 months of age. Methods. Children born to HIV-infected mothers received MV at 6 and 9 months, and children of HIV-uninfected mothers were randomized to receive MV at 6 and 9 months, MV at 9 months, or routine MV without follow-up. Blood samples were obtained before and 3 months after each MV. Data were collected on adverse events for 21 days after each MV, at all clinic visits, on any hospitalization, and for subjects who died. HIV-infection status was determined by antibody assays and polymerase chain reaction; the presence of measles IgG was determined by EIA. Results. Twenty-two hundred mother-infant pairs were enrolled. After the first and second doses of measles vaccine, respectively, the percentages of children who were measles seropositive were 59% (36 of 61) and 64% (29 of 45) among HIV-infected children, 68% (152 of 223) and 94% (189 of 202) among HIV-exposed but uninfected children, and 62% (288 of 467) and 92% (385 of 417) among HIV-unexposed children. Of 521 HIV-unexposed children vaccinated only at 9 months, 398 (76%) were measles seropositive at 12 months. No serious vaccine-related adverse events were identified. Conclusions. An early, 2-doseMVschedule was immunogenic, but a higher proportion of HIV-infected children remained susceptible to measles, compared with HIV-uninfected children (whether HIV exposed or HIV unexposed). C1 [Helfand, Rita F.; Fowlkes, Ashley; Garcia, Philip; Yang, Chunfu; Walls, Laura; Bae, Sun; Strebel, Peter; Bellini, William J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Witte, Desiree; Fudzulani, Richard; Broadhead, Robin] Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Blantyre, Malawi. [Strebel, Peter] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Cutts, Felicity] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. RP Helfand, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rzh7@cdc.gov RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 10 BP 1457 EP 1465 DI 10.1086/592756 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 366HW UT WOS:000260472400007 PM 18828743 ER PT J AU van Eijk, AM Ouma, PO Williamson, J Ter Kuile, FO Parise, M Otieno, K Hamel, MJ Ayisi, JG Kariuki, S Kager, PA Slutsker, L AF van Eijk, Anna M. Ouma, Peter O. Williamson, John Ter Kuile, Feiko O. Parise, Monica Otieno, Kephas Hamel, Mary J. Ayisi, John G. Kariuki, Simon Kager, Piet A. Slutsker, Laurence TI Plasma Folate Level and High-Dose Folate Supplementation Predict Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Treatment Failure in Pregnant Women in Western Kenya Who Have Uncomplicated Malaria SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CHILDREN; COBALAMIN; EFFICACY; ACID; HIV AB Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) inhibits folate metabolism by the malaria parasite. We investigated the association between folate levels and SP failure in pregnant women. Data from a trial to assess the effect that folate supplementation has on SP failure in 467 pregnant women were analyzed. Plasmafolate levels were determined at enrollment and at day 7. High baseline folate levels, high parasite densities, and age <20 years were risk factors for SP failure. High-dose (5 mg daily) folate supplementation or high folate levels at day 7 were independent risk factors. Therefore, pregnant women receiving SP should receive low-/moderate-dose folate supplementation. C1 [van Eijk, Anna M.; Kager, Piet A.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis,Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ouma, Peter O.; Otieno, Kephas; Ayisi, John G.; Kariuki, Simon] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Williamson, John; Parise, Monica; Hamel, Mary J.; Slutsker, Laurence] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ter Kuile, Feiko O.] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP van Eijk, AM (reprint author), 172 Herbert Chitepo, Harare, Zimbabwe. EM amvaneijk@yahoo.com OI ter Kuile, Feiko/0000-0003-3663-5617 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 10 BP 1550 EP 1553 DI 10.1086/592715 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 366HW UT WOS:000260472400018 PM 18831691 ER PT J AU Bird, BH Githinji, JWK Macharia, JM Kasiiti, JL Muriithi, RM Gacheru, SG Musaa, JO Towner, JS Reeder, SA Oliver, JB Stevens, TL Erickson, BR Morgan, LT Khristova, ML Hartman, AL Comer, JA Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST AF Bird, Brian H. Githinji, Jane W. K. Macharia, Joseph M. Kasiiti, Jacqueline L. Muriithi, Rees M. Gacheru, Stephen G. Musaa, Joseph O. Towner, Jonathan S. Reeder, Serena A. Oliver, Jennifer B. Stevens, Thomas L. Erickson, Bobbie R. Morgan, Laura T. Khristova, Marina L. Hartman, Amy L. Comer, James A. Rollin, Pierre E. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Multiple Virus Lineages Sharing Recent Common Ancestry Were Associated with a Large Rift Valley Fever Outbreak among Livestock in Kenya during 2006-2007 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; POPULATION-GROWTH; SAUDI-ARABIA; NSM PROTEINS; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; MOSQUITOS; DISEASE; MODELS AB Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus historically has caused widespread and extensive outbreaks of severe human and livestock disease throughout Africa, Madagascar, and the Arabian Peninsula. Following unusually heavy rainfall during the late autumn of 2006, reports of human and animal illness consistent with RVF virus infection emerged across semiarid regions of the Garissa District of northeastern Kenya and southern Somalia. Following initial RVF virus laboratory confirmation, a high-throughput RVF diagnostic facility was established at the Kenyan Central Veterinary Laboratories in Kabete, Kenya, to support the real-time identification of infected livestock and to facilitate outbreak response and control activities. A total of 3,250 specimens from a variety of animal species, including domesticated livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, and camels) and wildlife collected from a total of 55 of 71 Kenyan administrative districts, were tested by molecular and serologic assays. Evidence of RVF infection was found in 9.2% of animals tested and across 23 districts of Kenya, reflecting the large number of affected livestock and the geographic extent of the outbreak. The complete S, M, and/or L genome segment sequence was obtained from a total of 31 RVF virus specimens spanning the entire known outbreak period (December-May) and geographic areas affected by RVF virus activity. Extensive genomic analyses demonstrated the concurrent circulation of multiple virus lineages, gene segment reassortment, and the common ancestry of the 2006/2007 outbreak viruses with those from the 1997-1998 east African RVF outbreak. Evidence of recent increases in genomic diversity and effective population size 2 to 4 years prior to the 2006-2007 outbreak also was found, indicating ongoing RVF virus activity and evolution during the interepizootic/epidemic period. These findings have implications for further studies of basic RVF virus ecology and the design of future surveillance/diagnostic activities, and they highlight the critical need for safe and effective vaccines and antiviral compounds to combat this significant veterinary and public health threat. C1 [Bird, Brian H.; Towner, Jonathan S.; Reeder, Serena A.; Oliver, Jennifer B.; Stevens, Thomas L.; Erickson, Bobbie R.; Morgan, Laura T.; Hartman, Amy L.; Comer, James A.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Nichol, Stuart T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Khristova, Marina L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Githinji, Jane W. K.; Macharia, Joseph M.; Kasiiti, Jacqueline L.; Muriithi, Rees M.; Gacheru, Stephen G.; Musaa, Joseph O.] Minist Livestock & Fisheries Dev, Dept Vet Serv, Kabete, Kenya. [Bird, Brian H.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM stn1@cdc.gov OI Hartman, Amy/0000-0002-0857-2973 NR 60 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 82 IS 22 BP 11152 EP 11166 DI 10.1128/JVI.01519-08 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 364XD UT WOS:000260368000018 PM 18786992 ER PT J AU Fowler, BA Roszell, L Keshava, N AF Fowler, Bruce A. Roszell, Laurie Keshava, Nagalakshmi TI Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conference 2007 emerging issues and challenges in risk assessment: An overview SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The 2007 Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conference (TRAC) on "Emerging Issues and Challenges in Risk Assessment" was held between April 23 and 26, 2007 in West Chester, OH and brought together toxicology and risk assessment experts from Federal Agencies, Academia, Industry and Consulting firms to examine a number of emerging issues that are related to modern risk assessment practices. The conference was organized into Workshops, Plenary Lectures, Platform and Poster sessions. C1 [Fowler, Bruce A.] ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fowler, BA (reprint author), ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.08.004 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800001 ER PT J AU Fowler, B Keshava, N AF Fowler, Bruce Keshava, Nagalakshmi TI Biomarkers of Exposure and Effects: Presentations at the 2007 Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conference SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Keshava, Nagalakshmi] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Fowler, Bruce] Senior Biomed Res Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fowler, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM keshava.nagu@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 5 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.08.002 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800003 ER PT J AU Williams, BL Barr, DB Wright, JM Buckley, B Magsumbol, MS AF Williams, Bryan L. Barr, Dana B. Wright, J. Michael Buckley, Brian Magsumbol, Melina S. TI Interpretation of biomonitoring data in clinical medicine and the exposure sciences SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomonitoring; Biomarkers; Exposure science; Clinical medicine; Susceptible populations; Neonatal exposures; Mercury; Lead ID NATIONAL-TOXICOLOGY-PROGRAM; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; PERSONALIZED MEDICINE; CHELATION-THERAPY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; LEAD; CHILDREN; BIOMARKERS AB Biomonitoring has become a fundamental tool in both exposure science and clinical medicine. Despite significant analytical advances, the clinical use of environmental biomarkers remains in its infancy. Clinical use of environmental biomarkers poses some complex scientific and ethical challenges. The purpose of this paper is compare how the clinical and exposure sciences differ with respect to their interpretation and use of biological data. Additionally, the clinical use of environmental biomonitoring data is discussed. A case study is used to illustrate the complexities of conducting biomonitoring research on highly vulnerable populations in a clinical setting. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Williams, Bryan L.; Magsumbol, Melina S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Pediat, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wright, J. Michael] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Buckley, Brian] Rutgers State Univ, Environm Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Williams, BL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Pediat, Hlth Sci Ctr, 50 N Dunlap St,Rm 301 WPT, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM bwilli36@utmem.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Magsumbol, Melina/0000-0002-4904-6427 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005022] NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.05.002 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800015 PM 18561969 ER PT J AU Wang, GS Fowler, BA AF Wang, Gensheng Fowler, Bruce A. TI Roles of biomarkers in evaluating interactions among mixtures of lead, cadmium and arsenic SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lead; Cadmium; Arsenic; Mixtures; Biomarkers; Risk assessment ID AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE; LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; BINDING-PROTEINS; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; RAT-KIDNEY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; INCLUSION-BODIES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEAVY-METALS; INHIBITION AB Human exposure to environmental chemicals is most correctly characterized as exposure to mixtures of these agents. The metals/metalloids, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As), are among the leading toxic agents detected in the environment. Exposure to these elements, particularly at chronic low dose levels, is still a major public health concern. Concurrent exposure to Pb, C:d, or AS may produce additive or synergistic interactions or even new effects that are not seen in single component exposures. Evaluating these interactions on a mechanistic basis is essential for risk assessment and management of metal/metalloid mixtures. This paper will review a number of individual studies that addressed interactions of these metals/metalloids in both experimental and human exposure studies with particular emphasis on biomarkers. In general, co-exposure to metal/metalloid mixtures produced more severe effects at both relatively high dose and low dose levels in a biomarker-specific manner. These effects were found to be mediated by dose, duration of exposure and genetic factors. While traditional endpoints, such as morphological changes and bioehetnical parameters for target organ toxicity, were effective measures for evaluating the toxicity of high close metal/metalloid mixtures, biomarkers for oxidative stress, altered heme biosynthesis parameters, and stress proteins showed clear responses in evaluating toxicity of low dose metal/metalloid mixtures. Metallothionein, heat shock proteins, and glutathione are involved in regulating interactive effects of metal/metalloid mixtures at low dose levels. These findings suggest that further studies on interactions of these metal/metalloid mixtures utilizing biomarker endpoints are highly warranted. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Gensheng] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Expt Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77063 USA. [Fowler, Bruce A.] ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wang, GS (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Expt Radiat Oncol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77063 USA. EM genwang@mdanderson.org FU USEPA STAR [827161] FX Supported in part by USEPA STAR Grant #827161. NR 53 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.01.017 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800017 PM 18325558 ER PT J AU Fowler, BA Conner, EA Yamauchi, H AF Fowler, Bruce A. Conner, Elizabeth A. Yamauchi, Hiroshi TI Proteomic and metabolomic biomarkers for III-V semiconductors: And prospects for application to nano-materials SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; Proteomic biomarkers; Metabolomic biomarkers; Ill-V semiconductors; Nanomaterials ID AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INDIUM CHLORIDE; ALTERED REGULATION; QUANTUM DOTS; RAT-KIDNEY; DISCOVERY; EXPOSURE; METABONOMICS; ARSENATE AB There has been an increased appreciation over the last 20 years that chemical agents at very low dose levels can produce biological responses in protein expression patterns (proteomic responses) or alterations in sensitive metabolic pathways (metabolomic responses). Marked improvements in analytical methodologies, such as 2-D gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and surface enhanced laser desorption-time of flight (SELDI-TOF) technologies are capable of identifying specific protein patterns related to exposure to chemicals either alone or as mixtures. The detection and interpretation of early cellular responses to chemical agents have also made great advances through correlative ultrastructural morphometric and biochemical studies. Similarly, advances in analytical technologies such as HPLC, proton NMR, MALDI-TOF, and SELDI-TOF have permitted early detection of changes in a number of essential metabolic pathways following chemical exposures by measurement of alterations in metabolic products from those pathways. Data from these approaches are increasingly regarded as potentially useful biomarkers of chemical exposure and early cellular responses. Validation and establishment of linkages to biological outcomes are needed in order for biomarkers of effect to be established. This short review will cover a number of the above techniques and report data from chemical exposures to two binary III-V semiconductor compounds to illustrate gender differences in proteomic responses. In addition, the use of these methodologies in relation to rapid safety evaluations of nanotechnology products will be discussed. (Supported in part by NIH R01-ES4879). (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fowler, Bruce A.] ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fowler, Bruce A.; Conner, Elizabeth A.; Yamauchi, Hiroshi] Univ Maryland, Toxicol Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Conner, Elizabeth A.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Yamauchi, Hiroshi] Kitasato Univ, Tokyo, Japan. RP Fowler, BA (reprint author), ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. EM bxf9@edc.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01-ES4879] NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 110 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.01.014 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800020 PM 18353413 ER PT J AU Pohl, HR Abadin, HG AF Pohl, H. R. Abadin, H. G. TI Chemical mixtures: Evaluation of risk for child-specific exposures in a mufti-stressor environment SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemical mixtures; Children's health; Life stages ID ESTIMATING SOIL INGESTION; N-NITROSOATRAZINE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; UNITED-STATES; BODY BURDEN; US FOOD; LEAD; TOXICITY; ATRAZINE; IMPACT AB Evaluating the health impact front exposure to chemical mixtures is multifaceted. One component is exposure. Exposure, and consequently risk assessment for mixtures and chemicals in general; are often viewed in terms of a given exposure to a given population at a given location over a given time period. However, environmental exposures are present throughout human lifetime. As a result, an evaluation of risk must include the distinctive characteristics related to chemical exposures which will impact risk depending upon the particular life stage where exposure occurs. Risks to offspring tray be associated with unique exposures in utero, during infancy, childhood, or adolescent periods. For example, exposure of infants to anthropogenic chemicals via breast milk may be of concern. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR's) approach to evaluating risks associated with exposure to mixtures of chemicals is presented. In addition to the breast milk issues, indoor exposure to combined air pollutants, drinking water contaminants, and soil and dust contaminants are discussed. The difference between a mixture's risk evaluation for children and adults is in the distinct exposure scenarios resulting front variations in behavior, physiology, and/or pharmacokinetics between adults and children rather than in the method for the specific mixtures evaluation per se. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Pohl, H. R.; Abadin, H. G.] US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pohl, HR (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. EM hrpl@cdc.gov NR 72 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 116 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.01.015 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800021 PM 18353412 ER PT J AU Orsi, RH Borowsky, ML Lauer, P Young, SK Nusbaum, C Galagan, JE Birren, BW Ivy, RA Sun, Q Graves, LM Swaminathan, B Wiedmann, M AF Orsi, Renato H. Borowsky, Mark L. Lauer, Peter Young, Sarah K. Nusbaum, Chad Galagan, James E. Birren, Bruce W. Ivy, Reid A. Sun, Qi Graves, Lewis M. Swaminathan, Bala Wiedmann, Martin TI Short-term genome evolution of Listeria monocytogenes in a non-controlled environment SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ENCODING CHOLERA-TOXIN; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROCESSING PLANTS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; UNITED-STATES; EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS; CONTAMINATION PATTERNS AB Background: While increasing data on bacterial evolution in controlled environments are available, our understanding of bacterial genome evolution in natural environments is limited. We thus performed full genome analyses on four Listeria monocytogenes, including human and food isolates from both a 1988 case of sporadic listeriosis and a 2000 listeriosis outbreak, which had been linked to contaminated food from a single processing facility. All four isolates had been shown to have identical subtypes, suggesting that a specific L. monocytogenes strain persisted in this processing plant over at least 12 years. While a genome sequence for the 1988 food isolate has been reported, we sequenced the genomes of the 1988 human isolate as well as a human and a food isolate from the 2000 outbreak to allow for comparative genome analyses. Results: The two L. monocytogenes isolates from 1988 and the two isolates from 2000 had highly similar genome backbone sequences with very few single nucleotide (nt) polymorphisms (1-8 SNPs/isolate; confirmed by re-sequencing). While no genome rearrangements were identified in the backbone genome of the four isolates, a 42 kb prophage inserted in the chromosomal comK gene showed evidence for major genome rearrangements. The human-food isolate pair from each 1988 and 2000 had identical prophage sequence; however, there were significant differences in the prophage sequences between the 1988 and 2000 isolates. Diversification of this prophage appears to have been caused by multiple homologous recombination events or possibly prophage replacement. In addition, only the 2000 human isolate contained a plasmid, suggesting plasmid loss or acquisition events. Surprisingly, besides the polymorphisms found in the comK prophage, a single SNP in the tRNA Thr-4 prophage represents the only SNP that differentiates the 1988 isolates from the 2000 isolates. Conclusion: Our data support the hypothesis that the 2000 human listeriosis outbreak was caused by a L. monocytogenes strain that persisted in a food processing facility over 12 years and show that genome sequencing is a valuable and feasible tool for retrospective epidemiological analyses. Short-term evolution of L. monocytogenes in non-controlled environments appears to involve limited diversification beyond plasmid gain or loss and prophage diversification, highlighting the importance of phages in bacterial evolution. C1 [Orsi, Renato H.; Ivy, Reid A.; Wiedmann, Martin] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Borowsky, Mark L.; Young, Sarah K.; Nusbaum, Chad; Galagan, James E.; Birren, Bruce W.] MIT, Broad Inst, Genome Sequencing & Anal Program, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Galagan, James E.] Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn & Microbiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Sun, Qi] Cornell Univ, Ctr Adv Comp, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Graves, Lewis M.; Swaminathan, Bala] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Borowsky, Mark L.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Lauer, Peter] Anza Therapeut, Concord, MA USA. [Borowsky, Mark L.; Young, Sarah K.; Nusbaum, Chad; Galagan, James E.; Birren, Bruce W.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wiedmann, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rho2@cornell.edu; borowsky@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu; plauer@anzatherapeutics.com; stowey@broad.mit.edu; chad@broad.mit.edu; jgalag@mit.edu; bwb@broad.mit.edu; rai6@cornell.edu; qisun@tc.cornell.edu; lmg2@cdc.gov; balas7780@gmail.com; mw16@cornell.edu RI Wiedmann, Martin/A-9683-2008; OI Wiedmann, Martin/0000-0002-4168-5662; Galagan, James/0000-0003-0542-3291 FU USDA Special Research [2005-34459-15625, 34459-16952-06] FX This work was partially supported by USDA Special Research Grants 2005-34459-15625 and 34459-16952-06 (to MW). We thank USDA FSIS and Kitty Pupedis for providing isolate J2818 and for providing information on the history of this isolate. We also thank Yesim Soyer for help with PFGE analyses and Barbara Bowen for help with the rhamnose tests. NR 77 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 13 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 539 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-539 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 417VE UT WOS:000264105800001 PM 19014550 ER PT J AU Grigg, MA Brzezny, AL Dawson, J Rietberg, K DeBolt, C Linchangco, P Smith, S Jones, S Vernon, M Counard, C Chugh, R Nelson, S Green, K Petit, C Vercillo, J Cesario, S Hunt, K Conover, C Daniels, J McMahon, K Redd, SB Gallagher, KM Armstrong, GL Anderson, LJ Seward, JF Rota, PA Rota, JS Lowe, L Bellini, WJ AF Grigg, M. A. Brzezny, A. L. Dawson, J. Rietberg, K. DeBolt, C. Linchangco, P. Smith, S. Jones, S. Vernon, M. Counard, C. Chugh, R. Nelson, S. Green, K. Petit, C. Vercillo, J. Cesario, S. Hunt, K. Conover, C. Daniels, J. McMahon, K. Redd, S. B. Gallagher, K. M. Armstrong, G. L. Anderson, L. J. Seward, J. F. Rota, P. A. Rota, J. S. Lowe, L. Bellini, W. J. TI Update: Measles-United States, January-July 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 893-896, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Rietberg, K.] Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. [DeBolt, C.] Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. [Linchangco, P.; Smith, S.; Jones, S.; Vernon, M.; Counard, C.] Cook Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Nelson, S.; Green, K.; Petit, C.; Vercillo, J.] DuPage Cty Hlth Dept, Wheaton, IL USA. [Hunt, K.; Conover, C.; Daniels, J.; McMahon, K.] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. [Redd, S. B.; Gallagher, K. M.; Armstrong, G. L.; Anderson, L. J.; Seward, J. F.; Rota, P. A.; Rota, J. S.; Lowe, L.; Bellini, W. J.] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 12 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 18 BP 2111 EP 2112 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 370WM UT WOS:000260793800007 ER PT J AU Lu, PJ Euler, GL Mootrey, GT Ahmed, F Wooten, KG AF Lu, P. J. Euler, G. L. Mootrey, G. T. Ahmed, F. Wooten, K. G. TI State-Specific Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Adults-United States, 2006-07 Influenza Season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1033-1039, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Lu, P. J.; Euler, G. L.; Mootrey, G. T.; Ahmed, F.; Wooten, K. G.] CDC, Immunizat Svc Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lu, PJ (reprint author), CDC, Immunizat Svc Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 12 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 18 BP 2113 EP 2114 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 370WM UT WOS:000260793800008 ER PT J AU Shah, NS Pratt, R Armstrong, L Robison, V Castro, KG Cegielski, JP AF Shah, N. Sarita Pratt, Robert Armstrong, Lori Robison, Valerie Castro, Kenneth G. Cegielski, J. Peter TI Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the United States, 1993-2007 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National-TB-Controllers-Association Meeting 2006 CY JUN 13, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Natl TB Controllers Assoc ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOMES; SOUTH-AFRICA; SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTION; THERAPY; COHORT; LIMA; PERU AB Context Worldwide emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has raised global public health concern, given the limited therapy options and high mortality. Objectives To describe the epidemiology of XDR-TB in the United States and to identify unique characteristics of XDR- TB cases compared with multidrug- resistant TB (MDR-TB) and drug- susceptible TB cases. Design, Setting, and Patients Descriptive analysis of US TB cases reported from 1993 to 2007. Extensively drug- resistant TB was defined as resistance to isoniazid, a rifamycin, a fluoroquinolone, and at least 1 of amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin based on drug susceptibility test results from initial and follow- up specimens. Main Outcome Measures Extensively drug- resistant TB case counts and trends, risk factors for XDR- TB, and overall survival. Results A total of 83 cases of XDR- TB were reported in the United States from 1993 to 2007. The number of XDR- TB cases declined from 18 ( 0.07% of 25 107 TB cases) in 1993 to 2 ( 0.02% of 13 293 TB cases) in 2007, reported to date. Among those with known human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) test results, 31 ( 53%) were HIV- positive. Compared with MDR- TB cases, XDR- TB cases were more likely to have disseminated TB disease ( prevalence ratio [ PR], 2.06; 95% confidence interval [ CI], 1.19- 3.58), less likely to convert to a negative sputum culture ( PR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33-0.94), and had a prolonged infectious period ( median time to culture conversion, 183 days vs 93 days for MDR- TB; P <. 001). Twenty- six XDR- TB cases ( 35%) died during treatment, of whom 21 ( 81%) were known to be HIV- infected. Mortality was higher among XDR- TB cases than among MDR- TB cases ( PR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.10- 3.02) and drug- susceptible TB cases ( PR, 6.10; 95% CI, 3.65- 10.20). Conclusion Although the number of US XDR- TB cases has declined since 1993, coinciding with improved TB and HIV/ AIDS control, cases continue to be reported each year. C1 [Shah, N. Sarita; Pratt, Robert; Armstrong, Lori; Robison, Valerie; Castro, Kenneth G.; Cegielski, J. Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cegielski, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gzc2@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 12 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 18 BP 2153 EP 2160 DI 10.1001/jama.300.18.2153 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 370WM UT WOS:000260793800025 PM 19001626 ER PT J AU Lindsey, NP Schroeder, BA Miller, ER Braun, MM Hinckley, AF Marano, N Slade, BA Barnett, ED Brunette, GW Horan, K Staples, JE Kozarsky, PE Hayes, EB AF Lindsey, Nicole P. Schroeder, Betsy A. Miller, Elaine R. Braun, M. Miles Hinckley, Alison F. Marano, Nina Slade, Barbara A. Barnett, Elizabeth D. Brunette, Gary W. Horan, Katherine Staples, J. Erin Kozarsky, Phyllis E. Hayes, Edward B. TI Adverse event reports following yellow fever vaccination SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Yellow fever; Vaccine; Adverse event; VAERS ID INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINE; VISCEROTROPIC DISEASE; SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION; ELDERLY ADULTS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; ADVANCED AGE; RISK-FACTOR; SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY; BRAZIL AB Yellow fever (YF) vaccine has been used for prevention of YF since 1937 with over 500 million doses administered. However, rare reports of severe adverse events following vaccination have raised concerns about the vaccine's safety. We reviewed reports of adverse events following YF vaccination reported to the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 2000 to 2006. We used estimates of age and sex distribution of administered closes obtained from a 2006 survey of authorized vaccine providers to calculate age- and sex-specific reporting rates of all serious adverse events (SAE), anaphylaxis, YF vaccine-associated neurotropic disease, and YF vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease. Reporting rates of SAEs were substantially higher in males and in persons aged :60 years. These findings reinforce the generally acceptable safety profile of YF vaccine, but highlight: the importance of physician and traveler education regarding the risks and benefits of YF vaccination, particularly for travelers >= 60 years of age. Vaccination should be limited to persons traveling to areas where the risk of YF is expected to exceed the risk of serious adverse events after vaccination, or if not medically contraindicated, where national regulations require proof of vaccination to prevent introduction of YF. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lindsey, Nicole P.; Hinckley, Alison F.; Staples, J. Erin; Hayes, Edward B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Schroeder, Betsy A.; Marano, Nina; Brunette, Gary W.; Horan, Katherine; Kozarsky, Phyllis E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. [Miller, Elaine R.; Slade, Barbara A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA USA. [Braun, M. Miles] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Barnett, Elizabeth D.] Boston City Hosp, Maxwell Finland Lab Infect Dis, Clin Immunizat Safety Assessment Ctr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Kozarsky, Phyllis E.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lindsey, NP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nplindsey@cdc.gov OI Barnett, Elizabeth/0000-0003-4822-5949 NR 42 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 11 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 48 BP 6077 EP 6082 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.009 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 381LS UT WOS:000261538200007 PM 18809449 ER PT J AU Frank, E Elon, L Naimi, T Brewer, R AF Frank, Erica Elon, Lisa Naimi, Timothy Brewer, Robert TI Alcohol consumption and alcohol counselling behaviour among US medical students: cohort study SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-SURVEY; BINGE DRINKING; UNITED-STATES; SUBSTANCE USE; HEALTH; PHYSICIANS; CARE; INTERVENTION; ATTITUDES; SMOKING AB Objective To determine which factors affect alcohol counselling practices among medical students. Design Cohort study. Setting Nationally representative medical schools ( n= 16) in the United States. Participants Medical students who graduated in 2003. Interventions Questionnaires were completed ( response rate 83%) at the start of students' first year ( n= 1846/ 2080), entrance to wards ( typically during the third year of training) ( n= 1630/ 1982), and their final ( fourth) year ( n= 1469/ 1901). Main outcome measures Previously validated questions on alcohol consumption and counselling. Results 78% ( 3777/ 4847) of medical students reported drinking in the past month, and a third ( 1668/ 4847) drank excessively; these proportions changed little over time. The proportion of those who believed alcohol counselling was highly relevant to care of patients was higher at entrance to wards ( 61%; 919/ 1516) than in final year students ( 46%; 606/ 1329). Although students intending to enter primary care were more likely to believe alcohol counselling was highly relevant, only 28% of final year students ( 391/ 1393) reported usually or always talking to their general medical patients about their alcohol consumption. Excessive drinkers were somewhat less likely than others to counsel patients or to think it relevant to do so. In multivariate models, extensive training in alcohol counselling doubled the frequency of reporting that alcohol counselling would be clinically relevant ( odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 3.3) and of reporting doing counselling ( 2.2, 1.5 to 3.3). Conclusions Excessive drinking and binge drinking among US medical students is common, though somewhat less prevalent than among comparably aged adults in the US general population. Few students usually discussed alcohol use with patients, but greater training and confidence about alcohol counselling predicted both practising and believing in the relevance of alcohol counselling. Medical schools should consider routinely training students to screen and counsel patients for alcohol misuse and consider discouraging excessive drinking. C1 [Frank, Erica] Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Frank, Erica] Univ British Columbia, Dept Family Practice, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Frank, Erica] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Elon, Lisa] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Naimi, Timothy; Brewer, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Frank, E (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, 5804 Fairview Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM efrank@emory.edu FU American Cancer Society; Annenberg Physician Training Program; Canada Research Chair Program; Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research FX This work was supported by the American Cancer Society, Annenberg Physician Training Program, Canada Research Chair Program, and the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research. NR 50 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 9 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD NOV 7 PY 2008 VL 337 AR a2155 DI 10.1136/bmj.a2155 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 377FD UT WOS:000261236200001 PM 18996938 ER PT J AU Dimitrov, DT Hallam, TG Rupprecht, CE McCracken, GF AF Dimitrov, Dobromir T. Hallam, Thomas G. Rupprecht, Charles E. McCracken, Gary F. TI Adaptive modeling of viral diseases in bats with a focus on rabies SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Immune system; Viral infection; Rabies; Individual heterogeneity; Disease processes and demographics; Bats ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; VIRUS-INFECTION; NORTH-AMERICA; FLYING-FOXES; NIPAH VIRUS; NEW-MEXICO; CORONAVIRUSES; IMMUNOLOGY; RESERVOIRS; FUSCUS AB Many emerging and reemerging viruses, such as rabies, SARS, Marburg, and Ebola have bat populations as disease reservoirs. Understanding the spillover from bats to humans and other animals, and the associated health risks requires an analysis of the disease dynamics in bat populations. Traditional compartmental epizootic models, which are relatively easy to implement and analyze, usually impose unrealistic aggregation assumptions about disease-related structure and depend on parameters that frequently are not measurable in field conditions. We propose a novel combination of computational and adaptive modeling approaches that address the maintenance of emerging diseases in bat colonies through individual (intra-host) models of the response of the host to a viral challenge. The dynamics of the individual models are used to define survival, susceptibility and transmission conditions relevant to epizootics as well as to develop and parametrize models of the disease evolution into uniform and diverse populations. Applications of the proposed approach to modeling the effects of immunological heterogeneity on the dynamics of bat rabies are presented. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dimitrov, Dobromir T.; Hallam, Thomas G.; McCracken, Gary F.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dimitrov, DT (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Stat Ctr HIVAIDS Res & Prevent, 1100 Fairview Ave N,LE-400,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM dobromir@scharp.org; thallam@utk.edu; cyr5@cdc.gov; gmccrack@utk.edu OI Dimitrov, Dobromir/0000-0002-2842-5436; McCracken, Gary/0000-0002-2493-8103 FU NSF/NIH-EID [043041] FX This project is supported by NSF/NIH-EID Grant 043041. The authors thank two anonymous referees for many useful comments on an earlier draft. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their Institutions. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD NOV 7 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.08.007 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 364TF UT WOS:000260357500008 PM 18761020 ER PT J AU Hoffmaster, AR Novak, RT Marston, CK Gee, JE Helsel, L Pruckler, JM Wilkins, PP AF Hoffmaster, Alex R. Novak, Ryan T. Marston, Chung K. Gee, Jay E. Helsel, Leta Pruckler, James M. Wilkins, Patricia P. TI Genetic diversity of clinical isolates of Bacillus cereus using multilocus sequence typing SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ANTHRACIS PXO1; TOXIN GENES; PNEUMONIA; STRAINS; THURINGIENSIS; INFECTIONS; BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; REVEALS AB Background: Bacillus cereus is most commonly associated with foodborne illness (diarrheal and emetic) but is also an opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe and fatal infections. Several multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes have recently been developed to genotype B. cereus and analysis has suggested a clonal or weakly clonal population structure for B. cereus and its close relatives B. anthracis and B. thuringiensis. In this study we used MLST to determine if B. cereus isolates associated with illnesses of varying severity (e. g., severe, systemic vs. gastrointestinal (GI) illness) were clonal or formed clonal complexes. Results: A retrospective analysis of 55 clinical B. cereus isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1954 and 2004 was conducted. Clinical isolates from severe infections (n = 27), gastrointestinal (GI) illness (n = 18), and associated isolates from food (n = 10) were selected for analysis using MLST. The 55 isolates were diverse and comprised 38 sequence types (ST) in two distinct clades. Of the 27 isolates associated with serious illness, 13 clustered in clade 1 while 14 were in clade 2. Isolates associated with GI illness were also found throughout clades 1 and 2, while no isolates in this study belonged to clade 3. All the isolates from this study belonging to the clade 1/cereus III lineage were associated with severe disease while isolates belonging to clade1/cereus II contained isolates primarily associated with severe disease and emetic illness. Only three STs were observed more than once for epidemiologically distinct isolates. Conclusion: STs of clinical B. cereus isolates were phylogenetically diverse and distributed among two of three previously described clades. Greater numbers of strains will need to be analyzed to confirm if specific lineages or clonal complexes are more likely to contain clinical isolates or be associated with specific illness, similar to B. anthracis and emetic B. cereus isolates. C1 [Hoffmaster, Alex R.; Novak, Ryan T.; Marston, Chung K.; Gee, Jay E.; Helsel, Leta; Pruckler, James M.; Wilkins, Patricia P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hoffmaster, AR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM amh9@cdc.gov; bnk4@cdc.gov; cdk5@cdc.gov; xzg4@cdc.gov; loh1@cdc.gov; jmp3@cdc.gov; pma1@cdc.gov FU Wellcome Trust; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This publication made use of the Bacillus cereus Multi Locus Sequence Typing website http://pubmlst.org/bcereus/ developed by Keith Jolley (Jolley et al. 2004, BMC Bioinformatics, 5: 86) and located at the University of Oxford. The development of this site has been funded by the Wellcome Trust. This research was supported in part by an appointment to RTN by the Emerging Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program, administered by the Association of Public Health Laboratories and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 48 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD NOV 6 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 191 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-8-191 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 378LE UT WOS:000261321500002 PM 18990211 ER PT J AU Bakker, ABH Python, C Kissling, CJ Pandya, P Marissen, WE Brink, MF Lagerwerf, F Worst, S van Corven, E Kostense, S Hartmann, K Weverling, GJ Uytdehaag, F Herzog, C Briggs, DJ Rupprecht, CE Grimaldi, R Goudsmit, J AF Bakker, A. B. H. Python, C. Kissling, C. J. Pandya, P. Marissen, W. E. Brink, M. F. Lagerwerf, F. Worst, S. van Corven, E. Kostense, S. Hartmann, K. Weverling, G. J. Uytdehaag, F. Herzog, C. Briggs, D. J. Rupprecht, C. E. Grimaldi, R. Goudsmit, J. TI First administration to humans of a monoclonal antibody cocktail against rabies virus: Safety, tolerability, and neutralizing activity SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccination; Rabies; Post-exposure prophylaxis; Monoclonal antibodies; Unmet medical need; Human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG); Equine rabies immunoglobulin (ERIG) ID IMMUNE GLOBULIN; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; VACCINE; COMBINATION; RESPONSES; TRIAL AB Immediate passive immune prophylaxis as part of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) often cannot be provided due to limited availability of human or equine rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG and ERIG, respectively). We report first clinical data from two phase I studies evaluating a monoclonal antibody cocktail CL184 against rabies. The Studies included healthy adult subjects in the USA and India and involved two parts. First, subjects received a single intramuscular dose of CL184 or placebo in a double blind, randomized, dose-escalation trial. Second, open-label CL184 (20 IU/kg)was co-administered with rabies vaccine. Safety was the primary objective and rabies Virus neutralizing activity (RVNA) was investigated as efficacy parameter. Pain at the CL184 injection site was reported by less than 40% of subjects; no fever or local induration, redness or swelling was observed. RVNA was detectable from day I to day 21 after a single close of CL184 20 or 40 IU/kg. All subjects had adequate (>0.5 IU/mL) RVNA levels from day 14 onwards when combined with rabies vaccine. CL184 appears promising as an alternative to RIG in PEP. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bakker, A. B. H.; Marissen, W. E.; Brink, M. F.; Lagerwerf, F.; Worst, S.; van Corven, E.; Kostense, S.; Weverling, G. J.; Uytdehaag, F.; Grimaldi, R.; Goudsmit, J.] Crucell Holland BV, NL-2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands. [Python, C.; Hartmann, K.; Herzog, C.] Berna Biotech Ltd, Crucell, Bern, Switzerland. [Kissling, C. J.] MDS Pharma Serv, Lincoln, NE USA. [Pandya, P.] Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sci Ctr, Reliance Clin Pharmacol & Pharmacokinet Facil, RelClin, Navi Mumbai, India. [Briggs, D. J.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Rupprecht, C. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bakker, ABH (reprint author), Crucell Holland BV, POB 2048, NL-2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands. EM lex.bakker@crucell.com FU Crucell N.V. FX This study was funded by Crucell N.V. We thank the subjects for participating in this trial: the study nurses and other staff members for contributing in many ways of this study. We are indebted to Edna Venneker and Peter Ryle for their pivotal contributions. We thank Marlen Schoenfeld and Ruben Ibanez for their operational Support in facilitating the studies. Martina Rauscher and Andrea Dingemans are acknowledged for their critical review of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 72 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 5 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 47 BP 5922 EP 5927 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.050 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 384MZ UT WOS:000261750200006 PM 18804136 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Maghirang, EB Fernandez, FM Newton, PN Green, MD AF Dowell, Floyd E. Maghirang, Elizabeth B. Fernandez, Facundo M. Newton, Paul N. Green, Michael D. TI Detecting counterfeit antimalarial tablets by near-infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE NIR spectroscopy; Artesunate; Antimalarial; Counterfeit; Tablets ID SOUTHEAST-ASIA; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; FAKE ARTESUNATE; IDENTIFICATION AB Counterfeit antimalarial drugs are found in many developing countries, but it is challenging to differentiate between genuine and fakes due to their increasing sophistication. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a powerful tool in pharmaceutical forensics, and we tested this technique for discriminating between counterfeit and genuine artesunate antimalarial tablets. Using NIRS, we found that artesunate tablets could be identified as genuine or counterfeit with high accuracy. Multivariate classification models indicated that this discriminatory ability was based, at least partly, on the presence or absence of spectral signatures related to artesunate. This technique can be field-portable and requires little training after calibrations are developed, thus showing great promise for rapid and accurate fake detection. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dowell, Floyd E.; Maghirang, Elizabeth B.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Fernandez, Facundo M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Newton, Paul N.] Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. [Newton, Paul N.] Mahosot Hosp, Microbiol Lab, Viangchan, Laos. [Green, Michael D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM floyd.dowell@ars.usda.gov RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 FU WPRO/WHO; Wellcome Trust of Great Britain FX The authors thank WPRO/WHO for financing a portion of this work. We also thank Dr. Donghai Wang, KSU Professor, and Dr. Shantha Peiris, KSU Post Doc, for comments on early versions of this manuscript. The Wellcome Trust of Great Britain supported the collection of artesunate samples as part of the Wellcome Trust Oxford University SE Asia Tropical Medicine Research Program.; Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD NOV 4 PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1011 EP 1014 DI 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.06.024 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 362KL UT WOS:000260196500074 PM 18703302 ER PT J AU Greenspan, AI Durbin, DR Kallan, MJ AF Greenspan, Arlene I. Durbin, Dennis R. Kallan, Michael J. TI Short-term physical limitations in children following motor vehicle crashes SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE Child passenger safety; Motor vehicle; Injury; Physical limitation ID RESTRAINT USE; SEATING POSITION; UNITED-STATES; INJURY; RISK; DISABILITY; CHILDHOOD; ACCIDENTS; OCCUPANTS; SAFETY AB This Study describes frequency of injury and short-term physical limitation among child occupants <= 15 years in motor vehicle crashes and examines the association between age, restraint use, seating position, and type of crash on the presence of physical limitations. Conducted from 1/1/2005-11/30/2007. as part of a child-specific crash surveillance system in 15 U.S. states: data were collected using claims records and parent/driver telephone surveys. Respondents were asked whether children sustained physical limitations from the crash and the duration limitations persisted. Overall, 3.3% had >= 1 physical limitations. Limitations increased with age, from 0.7% for children <= 3 years to 7.6% for adolescents 13-15 years (p < 0.001). Among children with AIS >= 2 injuries, the proportion with physical limitations ranged from 58% to 91% depending on injury diagnosis. Among children with whiplash, 47% resulted in physical limitations. Suboptimally restrained children were nearly twice as likely to have a limitation compared to optimally restrained children. After adjusting for driver characteristics and vehicle type, child's age, restraint use, and type of initial impact were independently associated with the presence of physical limitations. Our results show the importance of assessing children for physical limitations following motor vehicle crashes. We also observed that children with whiplash were at risk for physical limitations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Greenspan, Arlene I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Durbin, Dennis R.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat,Ctr Injury Res & Pre, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Greenspan, AI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM agreenspan@cdc.gov; durbind@email.chop.edu; mkallan@mail.med.upenn.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1949 EP 1954 DI 10.1016/j.aap.2008.07.006 PG 6 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 378UN UT WOS:000261349800021 PM 19068299 ER PT J AU Hart, TA James, CA Purcell, DW Farber, E AF Hart, Trevor A. James, Carolyn A. Purcell, David W. Farber, Eugene TI Social Anxiety and HIV Transmission Risk among HIV-Seropositive Male Patients SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International AIDS Conference CT 13th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 11-17, 2004 CY JUN 08-12, 2004 CL Bangkok, THAILAND CL Tenerife, SPAIN ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; BISEXUAL MEN; METHAMPHETAMINE USE; SUBSTANCE USE; PHOBIA SCALE; GAY MEN; INFECTION; PARTNERS; SAMPLE; AIDS AB The role of psychological factors in predicting HIV sexual transmission risk behavior is increasingly of interest in prevention research. Social anxiety, or anxiety about being evaluated in interpersonal situations, is associated with unprotected insertive anal intercourse among young men who have sex with men (MSM) and with other behavioral risk factors for unprotected intercourse, such as depression, smoking, alcohol use, and drug use. Social anxiety may be especially relevant in understanding HIV risk among HIV-seropositive men, given its stronger association with unprotected insertive than with receptive anal intercourse. In the present study, for which participants were recruited between October 2002 and May 2003, HIV-positive men attending regularly scheduled primary care medical appointments at a community HIV clinic were approached by research personnel and informed about the study topic and procedures. Ninety percent of patients approached agreed to participate, resulting in a sample of 206 patients. The sample was primarily African American, unemployed, of low educational level, and 95% of the sample had an AIDS diagnosis. The present study replicated and extended previous research from community samples by demonstrating an association between social anxiety and unprotected insertive anal intercourse with non-HIV-positive partners in a clinical sample of HIV-positive MSM and men who have sex with women (MSW). This association was maintained controlling for depression, smoking, and club drug use. Social anxiety is a relatively robust risk factor for unprotected insertive anal intercourse among MSM. Future work should examine the mechanisms by which social anxiety is associated with sexual risk among MSM. C1 [Hart, Trevor A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. [James, Carolyn A.] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Purcell, David W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farber, Eugene] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Hart, TA (reprint author), Ryerson Univ, Dept Psychol, Jorgenson Hall,8th Floor,350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. EM trevor.hart@ryerson.ca OI Hart, Trevor/0000-0001-5107-7452; Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI050409] NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 EI 1557-7449 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD NOV PY 2008 VL 22 IS 11 BP 879 EP 886 DI 10.1089/apc.2008.0085 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 378SM UT WOS:000261344200006 PM 19025482 ER PT J AU Sharma, AJ Cogswell, ME Li, RW AF Sharma, Andrea J. Cogswell, Mary E. Li, Ruowei TI Dose-Response Associations Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Subsequent Childhood Obesity: Effect Modi. cation by Maternal Race/Ethnicity in a Low-Income US Cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE child; ethnic groups; obesity; pregnancy; prenatal exposure delayed effects; smoking ID BIRTH COHORT; PRENATAL ENVIRONMENT; EARLY DETERMINANTS; PREVALENCE RATES; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; OVERWEIGHT; GROWTH; ADIPOSITY; EXPOSURE AB Studies suggest that children exposed to cigarette smoke in utero are at risk of becoming obese. Few researchers have evaluated the dose-response association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity or whether this association varies by maternal race/ethnicity. The authors obtained retrospective cohort data by linking records from the Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System and the Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System on 155,411 low-income children born during 1995-2001 in 9 US states and 2 tribal nations. The authors examined maternal smoking status, duration of smoking, quantity of smoking, and both duration and quantity combined. Childhood obesity was based on a body mass index greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for sex and age, assessed at age 2-4 years. Maternal race/ethnicity modified the association between smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity. Among non-Hispanic White mothers, both duration and quantity of smoking were positively associated with childhood obesity in a dose-response manner. Among non-Hispanic Black mothers, only heavy smoking was positively associated with childhood obesity. Among Hispanics, American Indians/Alaska Natives, and Asians/Pacific Islanders, smoking was not associated with childhood obesity. The inconsistent association between smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity across race/ethnicity categories merits further investigation into potential explanations for this variation, which may include confounding, reporting bias, or unexplored biologic mechanisms. C1 [Sharma, Andrea J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Career & Workforce Dev, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Sharma, Andrea J.; Cogswell, Mary E.; Li, Ruowei] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Atlanta, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sharma, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Career & Workforce Dev, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM AJSharma@cdc.gov OI Sharma, Andrea/0000-0003-0385-0011 NR 54 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 9 BP 995 EP 1007 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn223 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 365BM UT WOS:000260380900005 PM 18801886 ER PT J AU Logan, J Hill, HA Black, ML Crosby, AE Karch, DL Barnes, JD Lubell, KM AF Logan, J. Hill, Holly A. Black, Michele Lynberg Crosby, Alex E. Karch, Debra L. Barnes, Jamar D. Lubell, Keri M. TI Characteristics of Perpetrators in Homicide-Followed-by-Suicide Incidents: National Violent Death Reporting System-17 US States, 2003-2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE homicide; suicide; violence ID MURDER-SUICIDE; OLDER PERSONS; RISK-FACTORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; ATTITUDES; SEEKING; COUNTY AB Homicide-followed-by-suicide (referred to as "homicide-suicide") incidents are rare events but can have a profound impact on families and communities. A better understanding of perpetrator characteristics and how they compare with those of other homicide suspects and suicide decedents might provide insight into the nature of these violent acts. This report is based on 2003-2005 data from 17 US states participating in the National Violent Death Reporting System, a unique, incident-based, active surveillance system that integrates data on violent deaths from multiple sources. Of the 408 homicide-suicide incidents identified, most incidents were committed with a firearm (88.2%) and perpetrated by males (91.4%), those over 19 years of age (97.6%), and those of white race (77.0%); however, just over half of filicide (killing of children)-suicides (51.5%) were perpetrated by females. Over 55% of male homicide-suicide perpetrators versus 26.4% of other male suicide decedents had prior intimate partner conflicts (P < 0.001). In fact, having a history of intimate partner conflicts was even common among homicide-suicide perpetrators who did not victimize their intimate partners. Recognition of the link between intimate partner conflicts and homicide-suicide incidents and strategies involving collaboration among the court/legal and mental health systems might prevent these incidents. C1 [Logan, J.; Hill, Holly A.; Black, Michele Lynberg; Crosby, Alex E.; Karch, Debra L.; Barnes, Jamar D.; Lubell, Keri M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Etiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Logan, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Logan, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Etiol & Surveillance Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-F63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ffa3@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry FX The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. NR 39 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 9 BP 1056 EP 1064 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn213 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 365BM UT WOS:000260380900011 PM 18794221 ER PT J AU Bell, BP Manos, MM Zaman, A Terrault, N Thomas, A Navarro, VJ Dhotre, KB Murphy, RC Van Ness, GR Stabach, N Robert, ME Bower, WA Bialek, SR Sofair, AN AF Bell, Beth P. Manos, M. Michele Zaman, Atif Terrault, Norah Thomas, Ann Navarro, Victor J. Dhotre, Kathy B. Murphy, Rosemary C. Van Ness, Grace R. Stabach, Nicole Robert, Marie E. Bower, William A. Bialek, Stephanie R. Sofair, Andre N. TI The Epidemiology of Newly Diagnosed Chronic Liver Disease in Gastroenterology Practices in the United States: Results From Population-Based Surveillance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID C VIRUS-INFECTION; PRIMARY-CARE PRACTICES; HEPATITIS-C; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; MORTALITY; TRENDS; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; MANAGEMENT; MORBIDITY AB OBJECTIVES: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, but the epidemiology is not well described. We conducted prospective population-based surveillance to estimate newly diagnosed CLD incidence, characterize etiology distribution, and determine disease stage. METHODS: We identified cases of CLD newly diagnosed during 1999-2001 among adult county residents seen in any gastroenterology practice in New Haven County, Connecticut; Multnomah County, Oregon; and Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (KPMCP, Oakland, California [total population 1.48 million]). We defined CLD as abnormal liver tests of at least 6 months' duration or pathologic, clinical, or radiologic evidence of CLD. Consenting patients were interviewed, a blood specimen obtained, and the medical record reviewed. RESULTS: We identified 2,353 patients with newly diagnosed CLD (63.9 cases/100,000 population), including 1,225 hepatitis C patients (33.2 cases/100,000). Men aged 45-54 yr had the highest hepatitis C incidence rate (111.3/100,000). Among 1,040 enrolled patients, the median age was 48 yr (range 19-86 yr). Hepatitis C, either alone (442 [42%]) or in combination with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) (228 [22%]), accounted for two-thirds of the cases. Other etiologies included nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, 95 [9%]), ALD (82 [8%]), and hepatitis B (36 [3%]). Other identified etiologies each accounted for <3% of the cases. A total of 184 patients (18%) presented with cirrhosis, including 44% of patients with ALD. CONCLUSIONS: Extrapolating from this population-based surveillance network to the adult U.S. population, approximately 150,000 patients with CLD were diagnosed in gastroenterology practices each year during 1999-2001. Most patients had hepatitis C; heavy alcohol consumption among these patients was common. Almost 20% of patients, an estimated 30,000 per year, had cirrhosis at presentation. These results provide population-level baseline data to evaluate trends in identification of patients with CLD in gastroenterology practices. C1 [Bell, Beth P.; Dhotre, Kathy B.; Bower, William A.; Bialek, Stephanie R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis Sexually Transmitted, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stabach, Nicole; Robert, Marie E.; Sofair, Andre N.] Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Stabach, Nicole; Robert, Marie E.; Sofair, Andre N.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Manos, M. Michele; Murphy, Rosemary C.] Permanente Med Grp Inc, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Zaman, Atif; Thomas, Ann; Van Ness, Grace R.] Oregon Emerging Infect Program, Portland, OR USA. [Zaman, Atif; Van Ness, Grace R.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Terrault, Norah] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Navarro, Victor J.] Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Thomas, Ann] Oregon Dept Hlth, Portland, OR USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis Sexually Transmitted, E-05,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 103 IS 11 BP 2727 EP 2736 DI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.02071.x PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 367HU UT WOS:000260543900009 PM 18684170 ER PT J AU Luckhaupt, SE Calvert, GM AF Luckhaupt, Sara E. Calvert, Geoffrey M. TI Deaths Due to Bloodborne Infections and Their Sequelae Among Health-Care Workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE health personnel; blood-borne pathogens; HIV; hepatitis viral human; liver cirrhosis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; MALE PHYSICIANS; RISK BEHAVIORS; C-INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION AB Background The odds of dying from bloodborne infections among health-care workers has not been well studied. Methods Using data from the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance (NOMS) system, a matched case-control design was employed to examine the relationship between health-care employment and death from HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV, non-A/ non-B viral hepatitis), liver cancer and cirrhosis from 1984 to 2004. We examined the whole health-care industry and specific health-care occupations. Results From 1984 to 2004, NOMS captured 248,550 deaths from bloodborne pathogens and their sequelae. Employment in the health-care industry was associated with increased risk of death from HIV (MOR = 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.11-2.44), HBV (MOR = 1.98; CI = 1.58-2.48), and cirrhosis (MOR = 1.09; CI = 1.04-1.15) among males, and death from HCV among both males (MOR = 1.46; CI = 1.22-1.75) and females (MOR = 1.22; CI = 1.05-1.40). Nursing was the occupation with the highest MORs among males for HIV and HBV, but female nurses were at decreased risk of dying from HI V (MOR = 0.69; CI = 0.57-0.83). Conclusions Employment in the health-care industry was found to be associated with deaths from several bloodborne pathogens and their sequelae among males, but only with HCV among females from 1984 to 2004 in this exploratory study. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:812-824, 2008. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Luckhaupt, Sara E.; Calvert, Geoffrey M.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Luckhaupt, SE (reprint author), 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM sluckhaupt@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 51 IS 11 BP 812 EP 824 DI 10.1002/ajim.20610 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 363AN UT WOS:000260238400002 PM 18651575 ER PT J AU Edwards, JR Peterson, KD Andrus, ML Dudeck, MA Pollock, DA Horan, TC AF Edwards, Jonathan R. Peterson, Kelly D. Andrus, Mary L. Dudeck, Margaret A. Pollock, Daniel A. Horan, Teresa C. CA Natl Healthcare Safety Network Fac TI National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Report, data summary for 2006 through 2007, issued November 2008 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article C1 [Edwards, Jonathan R.; Peterson, Kelly D.; Andrus, Mary L.; Dudeck, Margaret A.; Pollock, Daniel A.; Horan, Teresa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Edwards, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jredwards@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 157 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD NOV PY 2008 VL 36 IS 9 SI SI BP 609 EP 626 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.08.001 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 373HS UT WOS:000260963300001 PM 18992647 ER PT J AU Carpenter, LR Kainer, M Woron, A Schaffner, W Jones, TF AF Carpenter, L. Rand Kainer, Marion Woron, Amy Schaffner, William Jones, Timothy F. TI Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and skin infections among personnel at a pediatric clinic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID NASAL CARRIAGE; CHILDREN; CARE AB Ambulatory care visits for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are increasing dramatically We investigated a pediatric clinic worker's death caused by MRSA. Among 45 clinic personnel, 16 reported recent skin infections, and 4% were colonized with MRSA. Among 262 patients, 3.4% were colonized with MRSA. Standard precautions were inconsistently applied when treating skin infections. Eight (11%) of 71 environmental swipes contained S aureus. Health care workers in outpatient settings are increasingly exposed to substantial numbers of persons with MRSA. and infection control practices in the ambulatory care setting deserve reemphasis. (Am J Infect Control 2008;36:665-7.) C1 [Carpenter, L. Rand] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kainer, Marion; Schaffner, William; Jones, Timothy F.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Woron, Amy] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Lab Serv, Nashville, TN USA. [Carpenter, L. Rand; Kainer, Marion; Jones, Timothy F.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. RP Carpenter, LR (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, 1st Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. EM L.Rand.Carpenter@state.tn.us NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD NOV PY 2008 VL 36 IS 9 SI SI BP 665 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.01.007 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 373HS UT WOS:000260963300009 PM 18834736 ER PT J AU Brinsley-Rainisch, KJ Cochran, RL Pearson, ML AF Brinsley-Rainisch, Kristin J. Cochran, Ronda L. Pearson, Michele L. TI Dermatologists' perceptions and practices related to community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID SKIN INFECTION AB Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections frequently present as skin and soft tissue infections, and. as a result, dermatologists may encounter patients with these infections. Three focus groups were conducted with dermatologists who attended the American Academy of Dermatology annual meeting in July 2005. Participants (N = 18) had a median of 20 (range, 5-29) years in practice. All perceived CA-MRSA as a problem nationally and 50% in their practice. Seventeen (94 %) reported treating >= 1 (median, 15; range, 0-150) CA-MRSA infection(s) in the past year. Participants reported obtaining cultures in 99% to 100% of cases but only performed incision and drainage in a median of 42% of cases (range, 0%-100%). Understanding dermatologists' perceptions and practices about CA-MRSA infections is important to guide the development of educational interventions related to the prevention and control of these infections. (Am J infect Control 2008;36:668-71.) C1 Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brinsley-Rainisch, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aof4@cdc.gov FU CollaGenex Pharmaceuticals (Newtown, PA) FX The authors thank CollaGenex Pharmaceuticals (Newtown, PA) for their support of these focus groups. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD NOV PY 2008 VL 36 IS 9 SI SI BP 668 EP 671 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.02.010 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 373HS UT WOS:000260963300010 PM 18834745 ER PT J AU Decker, FH AF Decker, Frederic H. TI Outcomes and Length of Medicare Nursing Home Stays: The Role of Registered Nurses and Physical Therapists SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL QUALITY LA English DT Article DE discharge outcomes; nursing staff; therapy staff; length of stay; postacute care ID RESIDENTS; CARE; REHABILITATION; HOSPITALIZATION; FACILITIES; INTENSITY; SERVICES; QUALITY; ACCESS; RATES AB Data on Medicare discharges (n = 4086) in the discharge sample of the National Nursing Home Survey were used to study the association of registered nurse (RN) and physical therapist (PT) staffing levels to the outcomes and length of Medicare nursing home stays. Marginal effects were calculated in multinomial logistic modeling of Medicare beneficiaries who recovered/stabilized, died, or were hospitalized. Linear regression models on length of stay (LOS) were constructed. Higher RN staffing was related to fewer hospitalizations whereas greater PT staffing was associated with more recovered/stabilized outcomes and fewer deaths. RN and PT staffing may play different, though complementary, clinical roles affecting outcomes. Higher RN and PT staffing levels also reduced LOS of recovered/stabilized outcomes. The staffing increases involved in reducing LOS and hospitalizations appear substantial. Research on best practices that can amplify effects of nursing home staffing increases on quality seem to be the next step to further quality improvement. (Am J Med Qual 2008;23:465-474) C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Decker, FH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3435, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM FDecker@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1062-8606 EI 1555-824X J9 AM J MED QUAL JI Am. J. Med. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 465 EP 474 DI 10.1177/1062860608324173 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 374JB UT WOS:000261038500007 PM 19001102 ER PT J AU Frumkin, H McMichael, AJ AF Frumkin, Howard McMichael, Anthony J. TI Climate Change and Public Health Thinking, Communicating, Acting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MEAT CONSUMPTION; AIR-QUALITY; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MEXICO-CITY; SYSTEMS THINKING; GREENHOUSE GASES; BREAST-CANCER C1 [Frumkin, Howard] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [McMichael, Anthony J.] Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Frumkin, H (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, ATSDR, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-61, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hfrumkin@cdc.gov NR 148 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 403 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.019 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 365HN UT WOS:000260396600002 PM 18929964 ER PT J AU Luber, G McGeehin, M AF Luber, George McGeehin, Michael TI Climate Change and Extreme Heat Events SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; HUMAN MORTALITY; WAVE; HEALTH; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS; ILLNESS; DEATHS; STRESS; US AB The association between climate change and the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events is now well established. General circulation models of climate change predict that heatwaves will become more frequent and intense, especially in the higher latitudes, affecting large metropolitan areas that are not well adapted to them. Exposure to extreme heat is already a significant public health problem and the primary cause of weather-related mortality in the U.S. This article reviews major epidemiologic risk factors associated with mortality from extreme heat exposure and discusses future drivers of heat-related mortality, including a warming climate, the urban heat island effect, and an aging population. In addition, it considers critical areas of an effective public health response including heat response plans, the use of remote sensing and GIS methodologies, and the importance of effective communications strategies. C1 [Luber, George; McGeehin, Michael] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Luber, G (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gluber@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 239 Z9 250 U1 17 U2 135 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.021 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 365HN UT WOS:000260396600007 PM 18929969 ER PT J AU Gage, KL Burkot, TR Eisen, RJ Hayes, EB AF Gage, Kenneth L. Burkot, Thomas R. Eisen, Rebecca J. Hayes, Edward B. TI Climate and Vectorborne Diseases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; FLEA SPECIES SIPHONAPTERA; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; EAST-AFRICAN HIGHLANDS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; CHAGAS-DISEASE; GLOBAL CLIMATE; UNITED-STATES AB Climate change could significantly affect vectorborne disease in humans. Temperature, precipitation, humidity, and other climatic factors are known to affect the reproduction, development, behavior, and population dynamics of the arthropod vectors of these diseases. Climate also can affect the development of pathogens in vectors, as well as the population dynamics and ranges of the nonhuman vertebrate reservoirs of many vectorborne diseases. Whether climate changes increase or decrease the incidence of vectorborne diseases in humans will depend not only on the actual climatic conditions but also on local nonclimatic epidemiologic and ecologic factors. Predicting the relative impact of sustained climate change on vectorborne diseases is difficult and will require long-term studies that look not only at the effects of climate change but also at the contributions of other agents of global change such as increased trade and travel, demographic shifts, civil unrest, changes in land use, water availability, and other issues. Adapting to the effects of climate change will require the development of adequate response plans, enhancement of surveillance systems, and development of effective and locally appropriate strategies to control and prevent vectorborne diseases. C1 [Gage, Kenneth L.; Eisen, Rebecca J.; Hayes, Edward B.] CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Burkot, Thomas R.] CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Gage, KL (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM kgage@cdc.gov NR 168 TC 171 Z9 180 U1 10 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 436 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.030 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 365HN UT WOS:000260396600008 PM 18929970 ER PT J AU Hess, JJ Malilay, JN Parkinson, AJ AF Hess, Jeremy J. Malilay, Josephine N. Parkinson, Alan J. TI Climate Change The Importance of Place SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; VECTOR IXODES-SCAPULARIS; 4 CORNERS REGION; UNITED-STATES; CORAL-REEFS; HEALTH; ADAPTATION; IMPACTS; ENVIRONMENT; ATTACHMENT AB Climate change-related risks are place-specific and path-dependent. Accordingly, location is an important determinant of hazardous exposure, and certain places will bear more risk than others. This article reviews the major environmental exposures associated with risky places in the U.S., including coastal regions, islands, the desert Southwest, vectorborne and zoonotic disease border regions, cities, and the U.S. Arctic (Alaska), with emphasis on exposures and vulnerable populations of concern. In addition to these hotspots, this study considers the ways in which the concept of place-the sense of human relationship with particular environments-Arill play a key role in motivating, developing, and deploying an effective public health response. In considering the importance of place, we highlight the concepts of community resilience and risk management, key aspects of a robust response to climate change in public health and other sectors. C1 [Hess, Jeremy J.; Malilay, Josephine N.] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Parkinson, Alan J.] CDC, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Hess, JJ (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-61, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aso1@cdc.gov NR 94 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 468 EP 478 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.024 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 365HN UT WOS:000260396600011 PM 18929973 ER PT J AU Keim, ME AF Keim, Mark E. TI Building Human Resilience The Role of Public Health Preparedness and Response As an Adaptation to Climate Change SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL DISASTERS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; HURRICANE-ANDREW; RISK; MANAGEMENT AB Global climate change will increase the probability of extreme weather events, including heatwaves, drought, wildfire, cyclones, and heavy precipitation that could cause floods and landslides. Such events create significant public health needs that can exceed local capacity to respond, resulting in excess morbidity or mortality and in the declaration of disasters. Human vulnerability to any disaster is a complex phenomenon with social, economic, health, and cultural dimensions. Vulnerability to natural disasters has two sides: the degree of exposure to dangerous hazards (susceptibility) and the capacity to cope with or recover from disaster consequences (resilience). Vulnerability reduction programs reduce susceptibility and increase resilience. Susceptibility to disasters is reduced largely by prevention and mitigation of emergencies. Emergency preparedness and response and recovery activities-including those that address climate change-increase disaster resilience. Because adaptation must occur at the community level, local public health agencies are uniquely placed to build human resilience to climate-related disasters. This article discusses the role of public health in reducing human vulnerability to climate change within the context of select examples for emergency preparedness and response. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Keim, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-F29, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mjk9@cdc.gov RI Brooks, Katya/J-4975-2014 NR 75 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 7 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 508 EP 516 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.022 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 365HN UT WOS:000260396600015 PM 18929977 ER PT J AU Younger, M Morrow-Almeida, HR Vindigni, SM Dannenberg, AL AF Younger, Margalit Morrow-Almeida, Heather R. Vindigni, Stephen M. Dannenberg, Andrew L. TI The Built Environment, Climate Change, and Health Opportunities for Co-Benefits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; INNER-CITY; WALKING; OBESITY; TRANSPORTATION; NEIGHBORHOOD; IMPACTS AB The earth's climate is changing, due largely to greenhouse gas emissions resulting from human activity. These human-generated gases derive in part from aspects of the built environment such as transportation systems and infrastructure, building construction and operation, and land-use planning. Transportation, the largest end-use consumer of energy, affects human health directly through air pollution and subsequent respiratory effects, as well as indirectly through physical activity behavior. Buildings contribute to climate change, influence transportation, and affect health through the materials utilized, decisions about sites, electricity and water usage, and landscape surroundings. Land use, forestry, and agriculture also contribute to climate change and affect health by increasing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide, shaping the infrastructures for both transportation and buildings, and affecting access to green spaces. Vulnerable populations are disproportionately affected with regard to transportation, buildings, and land use, and are most at risk for experiencing the effects of climate change. Working across sectors to incorporate a health promotion approach in the design and development of built environment components may mitigate climate change, promote adaptation, and improve public health. C1 [Younger, Margalit] CDC, Off Policy Planning & Evaluat, NCEH ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Morrow-Almeida, Heather R.] CDC, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Vindigni, Stephen M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Younger, M (reprint author), CDC, Off Policy Planning & Evaluat, NCEH ATSDR, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-61, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM myounger@cdc.gov NR 126 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 13 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 517 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.017 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 365HN UT WOS:000260396600016 PM 18929978 ER PT J AU Louis, MES Hess, JJ AF Louis, Michael E. St. Hess, Jeremy J. TI Climate Change Impacts on and Implications for Global Health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID EAST-AFRICAN HIGHLANDS; EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS; EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; FOOD SECURITY; UNITED-STATES; MALARIA RISK; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; POTENTIAL IMPACTS AB The most severe consequences of climate change will accrue to the poorest people in the poorest countries, despite their own negligible contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, global health efforts in those same countries have grown dramatically. However, the emerging scientific consensus about climate change has not yet had much influence on the routine practice and strategies of global health. We review here the anticipated types and global distribution of health impacts of climate change, discuss relevant aspects of current global interventions for health in low-income countries, and consider potential elements of a framework for appropriately and efficiently mainstreaming global climate change-mitigation and -adaptation strategies into the ongoing enterprise of global health. We propose a collaborative learning initiative involving four areas: (1) increased awareness among current global health practitioners of climate change and its potential impacts for the most disadvantaged, (2) strengthening of the evidence base, (3) incorporation now of climate change-mitigation and -adaptation concerns into design of ongoing global health programs, and (4) alignment of current global health program targets and methods with larger frameworks for climate change and sustainable development. The great vulnerability to climate change of populations reached by current global health efforts should prompt all concerned with global health to take a leading role in advocating for climate change mitigation in their own countries. C1 [Louis, Michael E. St.] CDC, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hess, Jeremy J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Louis, MES (reprint author), CDC, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-69,Room 21-9006, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mes2@cdc.gov NR 127 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 527 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.023 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 365HN UT WOS:000260396600017 ER PT J AU Hoffman, S Jarrett, STB Kelvin, EA Wallace, SA Augenbraun, M Hogben, M Liddon, N McCormack, WM Rubin, S Wilson, TE AF Hoffman, Susie Jarrett, Sharlene T. Beckford Kelvin, Elizabeth A. Wallace, Scyatta A. Augenbraun, Michael Hogben, Matthew Liddon, Nicole McCormack, William M. Rubin, Steve Wilson, Tracey E. TI HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Behaviors and Beliefs Among Black West Indian Immigrants and US-Born Blacks SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LATINO MORTALITY PARADOX; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; ACCULTURATION; ALCOHOL; HEALTH; PREVALENCE; HIV/AIDS AB Objectives. We compared Black West Indian immigrants' and US-born Blacks' sexual and drug-use risk behaviors and their beliefs related to using condoms and informing partners of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to identify possible differences in risk. Methods. We drew data from the baseline assessment of a clinic-based intervention designed to increase partner STI notification. Results. Black West Indian men were less likely than were US-born Blackmen to report nonregular partners. There were no differences in condom use. US-born Black women were more likely than were Black West Indian women to be extremely confident that they could convince their regular partners to use condoms (odds ratio [OR]=2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.21, 4.76), whereas there were no differences between Black West Indian and US-born Black men on this measure (interaction P=.06). US-born Black women were more likely than were Black West Indian women to be extremely confident in their ability to discuss STI screening with their regular partners (OR= 1.89; 95% CI= 1.03, 3.47). Conclusions. BlackWest Indian women's lower levels of confidence that they can discuss STI screening with their regular partners and convince these partners to use condoms may increase their infection risk. Gender-sensitive interventions are warranted for Black West Indian immigrants, especially women. (Am J Public Health. 2008;98:2042-2050. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.106443) C1 [Hoffman, Susie] New York State Psychiat Ctr, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, Unit 15, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Hoffman, Susie] Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Jarrett, Sharlene T. Beckford] Minist Hlth, Natl HIV STI Prevent & Control Program, Kingston, Jamaica. [Kelvin, Elizabeth A.] New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Wallace, Scyatta A.; Augenbraun, Michael; Wilson, Tracey E.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Augenbraun, Michael; McCormack, William M.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY USA. [Hogben, Matthew; Liddon, Nicole] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rubin, Steve] New York City Dept Hlth, Bur STD Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP Hoffman, S (reprint author), New York State Psychiat Ctr, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, Unit 15, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM sh51@columbia.edu OI Jarrett, Sharlene/0000-0001-7463-3140 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [R30 CCR219136]; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies [P30-MH43520]; National Institute of Mental Health [T32-MH19139] FX This research was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant R30 CCR219136). S. Hoffman received support from the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies (grant P30-MH43520), and S.T. Beckford Jarrett received support from the National Institute of Mental Health (grant T32-MH19139). NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 98 IS 11 BP 2042 EP 2050 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.106443 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 368LP UT WOS:000260622900026 PM 18309140 ER PT J AU Hennessy, TW Ritter, T Holman, RC Bruden, DL Yorita, KL Bulkow, L Cheek, JE Singleton, RJ Smith, J AF Hennessy, Thomas W. Ritter, Troy Holman, Robert C. Bruden, Dana L. Yorita, Krista L. Bulkow, Lisa Cheek, James E. Singleton, Rosalyn J. Smith, Jeff TI The Relationship Between In-Home Water Service and the Risk of Respiratory Tract, Skin, and Gastrointestinal Tract Infections Among Rural Alaska Natives SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; HOSPITALIZATIONS; TRENDS AB Objectives. We investigated the relationship between the presence of in-home piped water and wastewater services and hospitalization rates for respiratory tract, skin, and gastrointestinal tract infections in rural Alaska. Methods. We determined in-home water service and hospitalizations for selected infectious diseases among Alaska Natives by region during 2000 to 2004. Within 1 region, infant respiratory hospitalizations and skin infections for all ages were compared by village-level water services. Results. Regions with a lower proportion of home water service had significantly higher hospitalization rates for pneumonia and influenza (rate ratio [RR]=2.5), skin or soft tissue infection (RR 1.9), and respiratory syncytial virus (RR=3.4 among those younger than 5 years) than did higher-service regions. Within 1 region, infants from villages with less than 10% of homes served had higher hospitalization rates for pneumonia (RR=1.3) and respiratory syncytial virus (RR=1.2) than did infants from villages with more than 80% served. Outpatient Staphylococcus aureus infections (RR=5.1, all ages) and skin infection hospitalizations (RR=2.7, all ages)were higher in low-service than in high-service villages. Conclusions. Higher respiratory and skin infection rates were associated with a lack of in-home water service. This disparity should be addressed through sanitation infrastructure improvements. (Am J Public Health. 2008;98:2072-2078. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.115618) C1 [Hennessy, Thomas W.; Bruden, Dana L.; Bulkow, Lisa; Singleton, Rosalyn J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. [Ritter, Troy; Smith, Jeff] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Div Environm Hlth & Engn, Anchorage, AK USA. [Holman, Robert C.; Yorita, Krista L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cheek, James E.] Indian Hlth Serv, Natl Epidemiol Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Hennessy, TW (reprint author), 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM thennessy@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 98 IS 11 BP 2072 EP 2078 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.115618 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 368LP UT WOS:000260622900030 PM 18382002 ER PT J AU Katabarwa, M Richards, F Eberhard, M AF Katabarwa, Moses Richards, Frank, Jr. Eberhard, Mark TI Onchocerciasis, Cysticercosis, and Epilepsy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Letter C1 [Katabarwa, Moses; Richards, Frank, Jr.] Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. [Eberhard, Mark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Katabarwa, M (reprint author), Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. EM mkataba@emory.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 79 IS 5 BP 644 EP 645 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 373BD UT WOS:000260945100002 ER PT J AU Hochberg, N Ruiz-Tiben, E Downs, P Fagan, J Maguire, JH AF Hochberg, Natasha Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto Downs, Philip Fagan, Jennifer Maguire, James H. TI The Role of Case Containment Centers in the Eradication of Dracunculiasis in Togo and Ghana SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID GUINEA WORM DISEASE; COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; NIGERIA; AFRICA; IMPACT AB As part of the global effort to eradicate dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease), several endemic countries established case containment centers to provide treatment and support to patients with emerging Guinea worms to keep them from contaminating water sources. To assess the functioning, effectiveness, and public perception of this intervention, we visited eight centers and conducted surveys in 32 villages in Togo and Ghana. In the areas served by these centers, incidence dropped by 71% in Togo and 42% it Ghana from 2003 to 2004. Among persons with emerging worms, admission to the centers was associated with younger age (P-value = 0.04) after controlling for occupation and gender. Overall, the centers functioned well and were regarded favorably: 99% of the 152 center-attendees expressed satisfaction with their stay. Strategically-located case containment centers in conjunction with other interventions appear to play an important role in the final effort to eradicate dracunculiasis. C1 [Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto; Downs, Philip] Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hochberg, N (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM natasha_hochberg@post.harvard.edu; exr1@cdc.gov; jfagan@cdc.gov; jmaguire@epi.umaryland.edu FU Carter Center FX Funding for this project was provided by the Carter Center. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 79 IS 5 BP 722 EP 728 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 373BD UT WOS:000260945100019 PM 18981512 ER PT J AU Nicolls, DJ Weld, LH Schwartz, E Reed, C von Sonnenburg, F Freedman, DO Kozarsky, PE AF Nicolls, Deborah J. Weld, Leisa H. Schwartz, Eli Reed, Christie von Sonnenburg, Frank Freedman, David O. Kozarsky, Phyllis E. CA GeoSentinel Surveillance Network TI Characteristics of Schistosomiasis in Travelers Reported to the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network 1997-2008 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; IMPORTED SCHISTOSOMIASIS; KATAYAMA FEVER; LAKE MALAWI; INFECTION; SEROLOGY; ETHIOPIA; DISEASE AB Among ill returned travelers to Schistosoma-endemic areas reported to the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network over a decade 410 schistosomiasis diagnoses were identified: 102 Schistosoma mansoni, 88 S. haematobium. 7 S. japonicum, and 213 Schistosoma unknown human species. A total of 83% Were acquired in Africa. Unlike previous large case series. individuals born in endemic areas were excluded. Controlling for age and sex, those traveling for missionary or Volunteer work, or as expatriates were more likely to be diagnosed with schistosomiasis. Sixty-three percent of those with schistosomiasis presented within six months of travel. Those seen early more often presented with fever and respiratory symptoms compared with those who presented later. One-third of patients with schistosomiasis were asymptomatic at diagnosis. Half of those examined for schistosomiasis were diagnosed with infection. Screening for schistosomiasis should be encouraged for all potentially exposed travelers and especially for missionaries. volunteers, and expatriates. C1 [Nicolls, Deborah J.] Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Reed, Christie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Schwartz, Eli] Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. [von Sonnenburg, Frank] Univ Munich, D-80802 Munich, Germany. [Freedman, David O.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Nicolls, DJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, 550 Peachtree St NE,Suite 7000, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM djn7@columbia.edu FU GeoSentinel; Global Surveillance Network of the International Society of Travel Medicine; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CI00359] FX GeoSentinel, the Global Surveillance Network of the International Society of Travel Medicine, is supported by Cooperative Agreement U50/CI00359 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 32 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 79 IS 5 BP 729 EP 734 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 373BD UT WOS:000260945100020 PM 18981513 ER PT J AU Hira, PR Al-Buloushi, A Khalid, N Iqbal, J Bain, O Eberhard, ML AF Hira, Parsotam R. Al-Buloushi, Adel Khalid, Nabila Iqbal, Jamshaid Bain, Odile Eberhard, Mark L. TI Case Report: Zoonotic Filariasis in the Arabian Peninsula: Autochthonous Onchocerciasis and Dirofilariasis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID REPENS AB We describe zoonotic filariasis in two patients from Kuwait one with Onchocerca spp. and one with Dirofilaria spp. Case 1. a 12-year-old Kuwaiti woman who had visited Saudi Arabia, initially reported ocular symptoms. She later reported a nodule that appeared in the suprapubic area, which was resected. A coiled worm was observed in histologic sections and was identified as an Onchocerca spp., but could not be definitively identified. This patient represents the 15th reported case of zoonotic onchocerciasis in a country that is not endemic for human onchocerciasis. Case 2. a 34-year-old Indian woman from Kuwait City, reported a moving object in her left eye. A live worm was extracted and tentatively identified as an immature female Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens. These two Cases bring to four the number of reports of zoonotic filariasis in the Arabian Peninsula and suggest that zoonotic filariasis is not uncommon in the Arabian Gulf region. C1 [Hira, Parsotam R.; Khalid, Nabila; Iqbal, Jamshaid] Kuwait Univ, Dept Microbiol, Fac Med, Safat 13110, Kuwait. [Al-Buloushi, Adel] Al Bahar Eye Hosp, Kuwait, Kuwait. [Bain, Odile] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75231 Paris, France. [Eberhard, Mark L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hira, PR (reprint author), Kuwait Univ, Dept Microbiol, Fac Med, POB 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait. EM hira@hsc.edu.kw FU Kuwait Univetsity [MI 03/03] FX This study was supported by Kuwait Univetsity (Project MI 03/03). NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 79 IS 5 BP 739 EP 741 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 373BD UT WOS:000260945100022 PM 18981515 ER PT J AU Fitzwater, S Calderon, M LaFuente, C Galdos-Cardenas, G Ferrufino, L Verastegui, M Gilman, RH Bern, C AF Fitzwater, Sean Calderon, Maritza LaFuente, Carlos Galdos-Cardenas, Gerson Ferrufino, Lisbeth Verastegui, Manuela Gilman, Robert H. Bern, Caryn CA Chagas Dis Working Grp Peru TI Short Report: Polymerase Chain Reaction for Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Yields Higher Sensitivity in Blood Clot Than Buffy Coat or Whole Blood Specimens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL CHAGAS-DISEASE; BENZNIDAZOLE; DIAGNOSIS; SAMPLES AB Trypanosoma cruzi polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used, but sensitivity varies widely. We compared PCR using 121/122 primers targeting kinetoplast minicircle DNA in whole blood, buffy coat, and clot from Bolivian women. Sensitivity was significantly higher in clot (60.1 %) than buffy coat (46.5%) or whole blood (40%). The use of clot could simplify specimen collection while improving sensitivity. C1 [Bern, Caryn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Fitzwater, Sean; Galdos-Cardenas, Gerson; Gilman, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Calderon, Maritza; Verastegui, Manuela] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Fac Ciencias & Filosofia, Lab Enfermedades Infecciosas, Lima, Peru. [LaFuente, Carlos; Ferrufino, Lisbeth] Hosp Univ Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, MS F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CBern@cdc.gov FU NIH [3 D43 TW00658I, 5 T35 AI065385, IR21 AI072093-01] FX Financial support: This work was supported by NIH Global Research Training Grant 3 D43 TW00658I, NIH Training Grant in Infectious and Tropical Diseases 5 T35 AI065385, and NIH IR21 AI072093-01. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 79 IS 5 BP 768 EP 770 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 373BD UT WOS:000260945100027 PM 18981520 ER PT J AU Jernigan, JA AF Jernigan, John A. TI Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Among Health Care Personnel in the Emergency Department: What Does It Tell Us? SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; HAND HYGIENE; INFECTIONS; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WORKERS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jernigan, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jqj9@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 52 IS 5 BP 534 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.09.001 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 372MB UT WOS:000260904600014 PM 18970983 ER PT J AU Ufberg, JW Karras, DJ Tallan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R AF Ufberg, Jacob W. Karras, David J. Tallan, David A. Moran, Gregory J. Pinner, Robert TI Update on Emerging Infections: News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; RABIES SURVEILLANCE; INDUCTION; COMA C1 [Ufberg, Jacob W.; Karras, David J.] Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Tallan, David A.; Moran, Gregory J.; Pinner, Robert] Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. [Tallan, David A.; Moran, Gregory J.; Pinner, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ufberg, JW (reprint author), Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 52 IS 5 BP 537 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.09.011 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 372MB UT WOS:000260904600015 ER PT J AU Mussolino, ME Gillum, RF AF Mussolino, Michael E. Gillum, R. F. TI Low Bone Mineral Density and Mortality in Men and Women: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Linked Mortality File SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bone Density; Follow-up Studies; Longitudinal Studies; Mortality; Proportional Hazards Models; Men; Women ID ELDERLY-WOMEN; FRACTURES; STROKE AB PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to determine the association of bone mineral density and mortality over a median follow-up of 9 years. METHODS: The baseline data used are from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized civilians. A cohort of 5,769 non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans aged 50 years and older at baseline (1988-1994) was followed through 2000 for overall mortality using the restricted-Use NHANES III Linked Mortality File (1,741 deaths). Total proximal femoral bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and categorized into quartiles. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative risk of death after adjusting for multiple risk factors. RESULTS: Compared with subjects in the highest quartile of bone mineral density, those in the lowest quartile had greater risk of death (relative risk, 1.53; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-2.18; P 0.02). There was no significant interaction of bone mineral density with race or ethnicity. CONCLUSION: Low bone mineral density was associated with increased risk of death. C1 [Mussolino, Michael E.; Gillum, R. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Mussolino, ME (reprint author), NHLBI, Div Prevent & Populat Sci, NIH, 6701 Rockledge Dr,Suite 10018, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mussolinom@nhlbi.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 HL999999] NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 18 IS 11 BP 847 EP 850 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.07.003 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 369PG UT WOS:000260705800004 PM 18809342 ER PT J AU McCollum, AM Basco, LK Tahar, R Udhayakumar, V Escalante, AA AF McCollum, Andrea M. Basco, Leonardo K. Tahar, Rachida Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Escalante, Ananias A. TI Hitchhiking and Selective Sweeps of Plasmodium falciparum Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine Resistance Alleles in a Population from Central Africa SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE GENE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE; IN-VITRO; ANTIMALARIAL RESISTANCE; ANTIFOLATE RESISTANCE; MALARIA PARASITES; POINT MUTATIONS; DHFR ALLELES AB Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is encoded by a number of mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps) genes. Here, we have characterized point mutations in dhfr and dhps and microsatellite loci around dhfr on chromosome 4 and dhps on chromosome 8 as well as neutral markers on chromosomes 2 and 3 in 332 samples from Yaounde, Cameroon. The triple mutant dhfr haplotype that originated in Southeast Asia is the most predominant in this sample set, but we also find additional independent haplotypes at low frequency and an incipient process of genetic differentiation among alleles of Southeast Asian origin. As reported for other African populations, we find evidence of a selective sweep for resistant dhfr mutants in this Cameroonian population due to drug selection. Although we find evidence for a selective sweep in dhps mutants associated with SP resistance, the dynamics of dhps mutants appear different than those observed for dhfr mutants. Overall, our results yield support for the use of microsatellite markers to track resistant parasites; however, the detection of resistant dhfr alleles in low frequency, the evidence of divergence among dhfr alleles that share a common evolutionary origin, and the distinct dynamics of resistant dhps alleles emphasize the importance of comprehensive, population-based investigations to evaluate the effects of drug selection on parasite populations. C1 [Escalante, Ananias A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [McCollum, Andrea M.] Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [McCollum, Andrea M.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Ent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [McCollum, Andrea M.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. [Basco, Leonardo K.; Tahar, Rachida] Org Coordinat Lutte Endemies Afr Cent OCEAC, Lab Rech Paludisme, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Basco, Leonardo K.; Tahar, Rachida] IRD, Unite Rech Paludol Afrotrop, Yaounde, Cameroon. RP Escalante, AA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Ananias.Escalante@asu.edu FU Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation; NIH [R01 GM084320] FX Financial support was provided by the Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Atlanta Research and Education Foundation helped support this work. A. A. Escalante is supported by grant NIH R01 GM084320. NR 40 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 52 IS 11 BP 4089 EP 4097 DI 10.1128/AAC.00623-08 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 363ZI UT WOS:000260305600038 PM 18765692 ER PT J AU Yang, WL Chen, P Villegas, EN Landy, RB Kanetsky, C Cama, V Dearen, T Schultz, CL Orndorff, KG Prelewicz, GJ Brown, MH Young, KR Xiao, LH AF Yang, Wenli Chen, Plato Villegas, Eric N. Landy, Ronald B. Kanetsky, Charles Cama, Vitaliano Dearen, Theresa Schultz, Cherie L. Orndorff, Kenneth G. Prelewicz, Gregory J. Brown, Miranda H. Young, Kim Roy Xiao, Lihua TI Cryptosporidium Source Tracking in the Potomac River Watershed SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; DRINKING-WATER; PARVUM OOCYSTS; GIARDIA-CYSTS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL WATER; SURFACE-WATER; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH AB To better characterize Cryptosporidium in the Potomac River watershed, a PCR-based genotyping tool was used to analyze 64 base flow and 28 storm flow samples from five sites in the watershed. These sites included two water treatment plant intakes, as well as three upstream sites, each associated with a different type of land use. The uses, including urban wastewater, agricultural (cattle) wastewater, and wildlife, posed different risks in terms of the potential contribution of Cryptosporidium oocysts to the source water. Cryptosporidium was detected in 27 base flow water samples and 23 storm flow water samples. The most frequently detected species was C. andersoni (detected in 41 samples), while 14 other species or genotypes, almost all wildlife associated, were occasionally detected. The two common human-pathogenic species, C. hominis and C. parvum, were not detected. Although C. andersoni was common at all four sites influenced by agriculture, it was largely absent at the urban wastewater site. There were very few positive samples as determined by Environmental Protection Agency method 1623 at any site; only 8 of 90 samples analyzed (9%) were positive for Cryptosporidium as determined by microscopy. The genotyping results suggest that many of the Cryptosporidium oocysts in the water treatment plant source waters were from old calves and adult cattle and might not pose a significant risk to human health. C1 [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Chen, Plato] Washington Suburban Sanit Commiss, Laurel, MD 20705 USA. [Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Landy, Ronald B.; Kanetsky, Charles; Young, Kim Roy] EPA Reg III, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Schultz, Cherie L.] Interstate Commiss Potomac River Basin, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Orndorff, Kenneth G.] Frederick Cty Div Util & Solid Waste Management, Frederick, MD 21704 USA. [Prelewicz, Gregory J.] Fairfax Water, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Brown, Miranda H.] Washington Aqueduct, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 FU PHS HHS [DW75922331-01-0] NR 63 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 74 IS 21 BP 6495 EP 6504 DI 10.1128/AEM.01345-08 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 365TB UT WOS:000260429600002 PM 18776033 ER PT J AU Cannon, JL Vinje, J AF Cannon, Jennifer L. Vinje, Jan TI Histo-Blood Group Antigen Assay for Detecting Noroviruses in Water SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; ENTERIC VIRUSES; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; SHELLFISH; CAPTURE; SAMPLES AB We evaluated a novel, magnetic-bead-based histo-blood group antigen assay for the recovery of low numbers of norovirus particles. Using this assay, with Norwalk virus seeded in environmental waters as a model, we were able to recover 30 to 300 genomic copies of the virus. C1 [Cannon, Jennifer L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cannon, Jennifer L.; Vinje, Jan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cannon, Jennifer L.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. RP Cannon, JL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St,Melton Bldg, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM jcannon@uga.edu OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 FU American Water Works and Research Foundation [2860] FX This project was supported by American Water Works and Research Foundation project no. 2860. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 74 IS 21 BP 6818 EP 6819 DI 10.1128/AEM.01302-08 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 365TB UT WOS:000260429600044 PM 18776025 ER PT J AU Rand, CM Szilagyi, PG Yoo, BK Auinger, P Albertin, C Coleman, MS AF Rand, Cynthia M. Szilagyi, Peter G. Yoo, Byung-Kwang Auinger, Peggy Albertin, Christina Coleman, Margaret S. TI Additional Visit Burden for Universal Influenza Vaccination of US School-Aged Children and Adolescents SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies/Society-of-Pediatric-Research CY MAY 05-08, 2007 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Pediat Acad Soc ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; HEALTHY-YOUNG CHILDREN; PRIMARY-CARE PRACTICES; UNITED-STATES; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; REMINDER/RECALL INTERVENTIONS; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; ETHNIC DISPARITIES; MEDICAL HOME; COVERAGE AB Objective: To estimate the additional primary care visits needed for universal influenza vaccination of all US children and adolescents if all vaccinations occurred in primary care settings. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Well-child care and other visits to primary care practices from the 2003-2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Participants: Children aged 5 to 18 years (n = 3047) with a usual source of care. Main Outcome Measure: Percentage of children needing 0, 1, or 2 additional visits to be immunized against influenza in a 3-, 4-, or 5-month vaccination window. Results: In a 3- month window, if only well-child care visits were used for first immunization, 97% of 5- and 6-year-olds and 98% of 7- and 8-year-olds would need 1 or 2 additional visits for complete vaccination; 95% of 9- to 18-year-olds would need 1 visit. If instead all visits were used for immunization, 90% of 5- and 6-year-olds and 91% of 7- and 8-year-olds would need 1 or 2 visits; 78% of 9- to 18-year-olds would need 1 visit. Expanding the window to 4 or 5 months slightly reduces the need for additional visits. Nationally, using all opportunities for vaccination, 42 million additional visits would be needed in a generous 5-month window. Conclusions: Most children and adolescents would need additional visits for universal influenza vaccination, even if all existing visits were used as vaccination opportunities. Efficient methods for vaccinating large numbers of children and adolescents are needed if primary care practices are to provide influenza vaccine for all children. C1 [Rand, Cynthia M.; Szilagyi, Peter G.; Auinger, Peggy; Albertin, Christina] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Yoo, Byung-Kwang] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Coleman, Margaret S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rand, CM (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 777, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM cynthia_rand@urmc.rochester.edu FU NCIRD CDC HHS [1U01 IP000090-01] NR 50 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 162 IS 11 BP 1048 EP 1055 DI 10.1001/archpedi.162.11.1048 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 368DD UT WOS:000260600600007 PM 18981353 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Jiang, X Maher, K Nix, WA Jiang, BM AF Oberste, M. Steven Jiang, Xi Maher, Kaija Nix, W. Allan Jiang, Baoming TI The complete genome sequences for three simian enteroviruses isolated from captive primates SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; PCR AMPLIFICATION; SEROTYPES; PICORNAVIRUSES; SPECIMENS; PROTEIN AB In a recent study, we used RT-PCR and partial genome sequencing to detect simian enteroviruses SV6, SV19 and SV46, as well as two new enterovirus types (EV92 and EV103) in fecal specimens from rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta), pigtail macaques ( M. nemestrina), and sooty mangabeys ( Cercocebus atys) with diarrheal disease at a US primate center. The complete genome sequences of representative SV46, EV92, and EV103 strains, presented here, show that SV46 and EV92 are typical of the simian enteroviruses classified within the species Human enterovirus A, while EV103 appears to belong to an unclassified species that also contains SV6 and N125/N203. C1 [Oberste, M. Steven; Maher, Kaija; Nix, W. Allan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jiang, Xi] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Jiang, Baoming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Virus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 153 IS 11 BP 2117 EP 2122 DI 10.1007/s00705-008-0225-4 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 371MK UT WOS:000260835200017 PM 18941864 ER PT J AU Shin, M Besser, LM Correa, A AF Shin, Mikyong Besser, Lilah M. Correa, Adolfo TI Prevalence of Spina Bifida among Children and Adolescents in Metropolitan Atlanta SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res DE spina bifida; prevalence; children; adolescents; birth defects; neural tube defects; disparities ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; POPULATION; SURVIVAL; TRENDS; MYELOMENINGOCELE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB BACKGROUND: Although studies have examined the prevalence of spina bifida (SB) among births, little is known about the SB prevalence among children and adolescents. We estimated the prevalence of SB among children and adolescents in metropolitan Atlanta. METHODS: This study used data from a population-based registry of birth defects, with information on children with SB (cases) born in five Atlanta counties from 1979-2002. The population at risk was derived from United States Census data and variations in SB prevalence were examined by race/ethnicity, sex, lesion level, age group under 20 years, 4-year birth cohort, and time period using Poisson regression. RESULTS: From 1.979 to 2002, SB birth prevalence decreased from 6.3 to 3.2 per 1.0,000 live births (p < 0.001) and SB prevalence within each age group also declined. In 2002, there were 211 children 0-19 years old surviving with SB in Atlanta (2-4 per 10,000 children 0-19 years old); prevalence of SB was higher among non-Hispanic whites and among children with lumbosacral lesion but did not vary by sex. With the exception of the most recent birth cohort (1998-2002), within each 4-year birth cohort, the prevalence of SB was generally higher among non-Hispanic whites than among non-Hispanic blacks. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides minimum prevalence estimates among children and adolescents with SB in metropolitan Atlanta, and identifies race/ethnic disparities in such prevalence estimates. This information Could be useful for assessing the specialized health care needs for children with SB and the possible reasons for the racial/ethnic variation in prevalence of SB. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 82:748-754, 2008. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Shin, Mikyong; Besser, Lilah M.; Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shin, Mikyong] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Besser, Lilah M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept City & Reg Planning, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Shin, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mshin@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 82 IS 11 BP 748 EP 754 DI 10.1002/bdra.20530 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 381WS UT WOS:000261567200003 PM 18985687 ER PT J AU Wong-Gibbons, DL Romitti, PA Sun, LX Moore, CA Reefhuis, J Bell, EM Olshan, AF AF Wong-Gibbons, Donna L. Romitti, Paul A. Sun, Lixian Moore, Cynthia A. Reefhuis, Jennita Bell, Erin M. Olshan, Andrew F. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention TI Maternal Periconceptional. Exposure to Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol and Esophageal Atresia +/- Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; case-control study; cigarette smoking; esophageal atresia; pregnancy; tracheoesophageal fistula ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; BINGE DRINKING; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CONSUMPTION; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN AB BACKGROUND: Esophageal atresia (EA) is a moderately frequent birth defect that often occurs with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Etiologic studies for EA TEF have produced inconsistent results. METHODS: This study used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) to examine the association between maternal periconceptional exposure to cigarette smoking and alcohol and EA +/- TER Cases of EA TEF and unaffected controls with an estimated date of delivery from October 1997 through December 2003 were identified, and telephone interview reports for smoking and alcohol exposure were obtained from birth mothers of 334 cases and 4,967 controls. Odds ratios (OR)s and 95% confidence intervals (CI)s, adjusted for several covariates, were calculated. to assess associations. RESULTS: ORs were near unity for all EA +/- TEF cases combined and any periconceptional exposure to cigarette smoking (OR= 1.1; CI = 0.8,1.6) or alcohol (OR = 1.2; CI = 0.8,1.8). For cigarette smoking, some elevated ORs were found but varied by type of smoking exposure. No consistent patterns were identified for number of cigarettes smoked per day. For alcohol, ORs were weak to moderately elevated with increasing number of drinks consumed and for binge drinkers compared to non-binge drinkers. ORs were further elevated among mothers who reported active + passive exposure to cigarette smoking and alcohol (OR = 2.5; CI = 1.1,5.6). For both exposures, ORs were higher for cases with additional major defects compared to isolated cases. CONCLUSIONS: These results, based on one of the largest published samples of EA +/- TEF cases, suggest a role for these exposures in the etiology of EA TEF, although further study is needed to replicate the observed associations. Birth Defects Researcli (Part A) 82:776-784, 2008. +/- 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Wong-Gibbons, Donna L.; Romitti, Paul A.; Sun, Lixian] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Moore, Cynthia A.; Reefhuis, Jennita] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bell, Erin M.] SUNY Albany, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Rensselaer, NY USA. [Olshan, Andrew F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Romitti, PA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, C21-E GH,200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM paul-romitti@uiowa.edu RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011; Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831; FU NCBDD CDC HHS [U50 DD713238]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU 713238] NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 82 IS 11 BP 776 EP 784 DI 10.1002/bdra.20529 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 381WS UT WOS:000261567200007 PM 18985694 ER PT J AU Duke, W Williams, L Correa, A AF Duke, Wes Williams, Laura Correa, Adolfo TI Using Active Birth Defects Surveillance Programs to Supplement Data on Fetal Death Reports: Improving Surveillance Data on Stillbirths SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stillbirth; fetal death; birth defects; surveillance; vital statistics ID CERTIFICATES; PREVENTION; CLASSIFICATION; VALIDITY; STANDARD; RACE AB BACKGROUND: Surveillance of stillbirths using fetal death reports (FDRs) has been challenging because of Under-reporting of fetal deaths and missing data on the FDRs. Using active case finding and chart abstraction within the infrastructure of established birth defect Surveillance programs could potentially enhance the data from FDRs. The data collection form for the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, an active, population-based birth defects surveillance system, was modified to collect additional information on stillbirths from medical records. METHODS: The Study population was a 25%, simple random sample of stillbirths recorded on FDRs in 2004 (n = 125) by residents in the five central counties of metropolitan Atlanta. Stillbirth was defined as a fetal death at >= 20 weeks gestation or >= 350 g if age was unknown. Data on demographic characteristics and risk factors collected from the two sources were compared for completeness and agreement, as well as causes of and conditions associated with the fetal death. RESULTS: Combining data Sources provided more information. Demographic and risk factor variables in the two data sources showed strong agreement (categorical variable, kappa range = 0.79-1.00; continuous variable, correlation coefficient range = 0.61-1.00). The actively ascertained data provided more complete information for causes and conditions of fetal death. Data from the FDRs yielded 42%, of cases with no listed cause of death or associated condition compared with 1.0%, using Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program data. CONCLUSIONS: Expanding the potential of existing active birth defects surveillance programs to include stillbirth surveillance Could potentially improve the quantity and quality of available data on fetal deaths. Ongoing studies are needed to corroborate these findings and to assess completeness of case ascertainment. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 82:799-804, 2008. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Duke, Wes; Williams, Laura; Correa, Adolfo] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Duke, W (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cduke@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 82 IS 11 BP 799 EP 804 DI 10.1002/bdra.20526 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 381WS UT WOS:000261567200010 PM 18985684 ER PT J AU Kucik, JE Bitsko, RH Williams, L Lazarus, C Jarman, DW Correa, A AF Kucik, James E. Bitsko, Rebecca H. Williams, Laura Lazarus, Carrie Jarman, Dwayne W. Correa, Adolfo TI Birth Defects Cluster Study: A National Approach to Birth Defects Cluster Investigations SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; cluster; investigation; gastroschisis ID PREVENTION AB BACKGROUND: Investigations of clusters of birth defects have been challenging endeavors that have had only modest success identifying causes or risk factors. Some of the challenges to individual cluster investigations have been small sample size and limited data collection. We describe a novel approach for investigating and analyzing pooled information from a series of birth defects cluster investigations. METHODS: The Birth Defects Cluster Study uses a case-control study design with standardized methods, including a case definition, control selection, data collection methods, and data collected (e.g., maternal interviews, blood samples, and environmental samples). Analyses of pooled data from several clusters of the same defect are conducted for specific hypotheses once a sufficient sample size has been achieved. The feasibility of conducting individual birth defect investigations was evaluated on a cluster of gastroschisis. RESULTS: The pilot investigation of a cluster of gastroschisis demonstrated Success in recruiting participants and in collecting data and specimens for eventual inclusion in a pooled analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The Birth Defects Cluster Study offers a unique and effective approach to cluster investigations that improves the likelihood of identifying genetic and environmental Causes of birth defects and provides a model for cluster investigations of other noninfectious health outcomes. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 82:805-81.1, 2008. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Kucik, James E.; Bitsko, Rebecca H.; Williams, Laura; Lazarus, Carrie; Correa, Adolfo] Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bitsko, Rebecca H.; Lazarus, Carrie; Jarman, Dwayne W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kucik, JE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jkucik@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 82 IS 11 BP 805 EP 811 DI 10.1002/bdra.20518 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 381WS UT WOS:000261567200011 PM 18985695 ER PT J AU Jurczyk, P Lu, JJ Xiong, L Cragan, JD Correa, A AF Jurczyk, Pawel Lu, James J. Xiong, Li Cragan, Janet D. Correa, Adolfo TI Fine-Grained Record Integration and Linkage Tool SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium on American-Medical-Informatics-Association CY NOV 08-12, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Med Informat Assoc AB BACKGROUND: As part of the surveillance program to monitor the occurrence of birth defects in the metropolitan Atlanta area, we developed a record linkage software tool that provides latitude in the choice of linkage parameters, allows for efficient and accurate linkages, and enables objective assessments of the quality of the linked data. METHODS: We developed and implemented a Java-based fine-grained probabilistic record integration and linkage tool (FRIL) that incorporates a rich collection of record distance metrics, search methods, and analysis tools. Along its workflow, FRIL provides a rich set of user-tunable parameters augmented with graphic visualization tools to assist users in understanding the effects of parameter choices. We used this software tool to link data from vital records (n = 1.25 million) with birth defects surveillance records (n = 12,700) from the metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) for the birth years 1967-2006. RESULTS: Compared with the data linkage performed by conventional algorithms, the data linkage of birth certificates with birth defect records in MACDP using FRIL was more efficient. The linkage based on FRIL was also accurate, showing 99% precision and 95% recall. Based on positive user feedback, new features continue to be developed, and the tool is being adopted in several other data linkage projects in MACDP. CONCLUSIONS: A software tool that allows significant user interaction and control, such as FRIL, can provide accurate data linkages for birth defect surveillance programs and allows an objective assessment of the quality of linked data. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 82:822-829, 2008. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Jurczyk, Pawel; Lu, James J.; Xiong, Li] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Jurczyk, Pawel; Cragan, Janet D.; Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jurczyk, Pawel] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Jurczyk, P (reprint author), Emory Univ, Mail Stop 1131-002-IAC, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM pjurczy@emory.edu NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 82 IS 11 BP 822 EP 829 DI 10.1002/bdra.20521 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 381WS UT WOS:000261567200013 PM 18985680 ER PT J AU Nielsen, LF Schendel, D Grove, J Hvidtjorn, D Jacobsson, B Josiassen, T Vestergaard, M Uldall, P Thorsen, P AF Nielsen, L. F. Schendel, D. Grove, J. Hvidtjorn, D. Jacobsson, B. Josiassen, T. Vestergaard, M. Uldall, P. Thorsen, P. TI Asphyxia-related risk factors and their timing in spastic cerebral palsy SO BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerebral palsy; placental complications; prenatal asphyxia; small for gestational age; umbilical cord complications ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; PLACENTAL PATHOLOGY; TERM INFANTS; BIRTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; REGISTER; SWEDEN; ORIGIN AB Objective To investigate the association of asphyxia-related conditions (reducing blood flow or blood oxygen levels in the fetus) with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) considering different gestational age groups and the timing of risk. Design Population-based case-control study. Setting Danish Cerebral Palsy Register in eastern Denmark and Danish Medical Birth Register. Population and Sample 271 singletons with spastic CP and 217 singleton controls, frequency matched by gestational age group, born 1982-1990 in eastern Denmark. Methods Data were abstracted from medical records, and a priori asphyxia-related conditions and other risk factors were selected for analysis. Each factor was classified according to the time at which it was likely to first be present. Main outcome measures Spastic CP. Results Placental and cord complications accounted for the majority of asphyxia conditions. In multivariate analysis, placental infarction was significantly associated with a four-fold increased risk for spastic quadriplegia and cord around the neck was significantly associated with a three-fold increased risk for spastic CP overall. The combination of placental infarction and being small for gestational age (SGA) afforded an especially high risk for spastic quadriplegia. Placental and cord complications were present in 21% of cases and 12% of controls. Conclusions The risk for spastic quadriplegia from placental infarction may be linked in some cases with abnormal fetal growth (17% of all children with spastic quadriplegia and 3% of control children both had an infarction and were SGA)-suggesting an aetiologic pathway that encompasses both factors. The risk for spastic CP from cord around the neck is not accounted for by other prepartum or intrapartum factors we examined. Considering the relative timing of risk factors provides a useful framework for studies of CP aetiology. C1 [Nielsen, L. F.; Grove, J.; Hvidtjorn, D.; Jacobsson, B.; Josiassen, T.; Thorsen, P.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, NANEA, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Schendel, D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jacobsson, B.] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Perinatal Ctr,Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Hlth Women & Children, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Vestergaard, M.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Gen Practice, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Uldall, P.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Cerebral Palsy Registry, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Nielsen, LF (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, NANEA, Vennelyst Blvd 6, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM leni@soci.au.dk RI Vestergaard, Mogens/M-9333-2014; OI Vestergaard, Mogens/0000-0001-8830-2174; Grove, Jakob/0000-0003-2284-5744 FU Elsass Foundation; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Dagmar Marshall Foundation; Hede Nielsen Foundation FX The study was supported by the Elsass Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dagmar Marshall Foundation, and Hede Nielsen Foundation. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1470-0328 J9 BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY JI BJOG PD NOV PY 2008 VL 115 IS 12 BP 1518 EP 1528 DI 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01896.x PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 359SK UT WOS:000260008200008 PM 19035988 ER PT J AU Sigurdson, AJ Bhatti, P Preston, DL Doody, MM Karnpa, D Alexander, BH Petibone, D Yong, LC Edwards, AA Ron, E Tucker, JD AF Sigurdson, Alice J. Bhatti, Parveen Preston, Dale L. Doody, Michele Morin Karnpa, Diane Alexander, Bruce H. Petibone, Dayton Yong, Lee C. Edwards, Alan A. Ron, Elaine Tucker, James D. TI Routine Diagnostic X-ray Examinations and Increased Frequency of Chromosome Translocations among US Radiologic Technologists SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-INDUCED TRANSLOCATIONS; SELLAFIELD NUCLEAR FACILITY; BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; CANCER INCIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; ABERRATION ANALYSIS; MEDICAL RADIATION; SMOKING-HABITS; EXPOSURE; FISH AB The U.S. population has nearly one radiographic examination per person per year, and concern about cancer risks associated with medical radiation has increased. Radiologic technologists were surveyed to determine whether their personal cumulative exposure to. diagnostic X-rays was associated with increased frequencies of chromosome translocations, an established radiation biomarker and possible intermediary suggesting increased cancer risk. Within a large cohort of U.S. radiologic technologists, 150 provided a blood sample for whole chromosome painting and,were interviewed about past X-ray examinations. The number and types of examinations reported were converted to a red bone marrow (RBM) dose score with units that approximated 1 mGy. The relationship between dose score and chromosome translocation frequency was assessed using Poisson regression. The estimated mean cumulative RBM radiation dose score was 49 (range, 0-303). After adjustment for age, translocation frequencies significantly increased with increasing RBM dose score with an estimate of 0.004 translocations per 100 cell equivalents per score unit (95% confidence interval, 0.002-0.007; P < 0.001). Removing extreme values or adjustment for gender, cigarette smoking, occupational radiation dose, allowing practice X-rays while training, work with radioisotopes, and radiotherapy for benign conditions did not affect the estimate. Cumulative radiation exposure from routine X-ray examinations was associated independently with increased chromosome damage, suggesting the possibility of elevated long-term health risks, including cancer. The slope estimate was consistent with expectation based on cytogenetic experience and atomic bomb survivor data. [Cancer lies 2008;68(21):8825-31] C1 [Sigurdson, Alice J.; Bhatti, Parveen; Doody, Michele Morin; Ron, Elaine] Natl Canc Inst, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Preston, Dale L.] HiroSoft Int Corp, Seattle, WA USA. [Karnpa, Diane; Alexander, Bruce H.] Univ Minnesota, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Petibone, Dayton; Tucker, James D.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Yong, Lee C.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Edwards, Alan A.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Didcot, Oxon, England. RP Sigurdson, AJ (reprint author), Natl Canc Inst, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 7060,MSC 7238, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM sigurdsa@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, the National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department Health and Human Services,; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [Y1-CP-9012]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health FX Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, the National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department Health and Human Services, and by all interagency agreement with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health contract Y1-CP-9012. The findings and Conclusions ill this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 68 IS 21 BP 8825 EP 8831 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1691 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 369MP UT WOS:000260698900023 PM 18974125 ER PT J AU Self-Brown, S Whitaker, DJ AF Self-Brown, Shannon Whitaker, Daniel J. TI Parent-Focused Child Maltreatment Prevention Improving Assessment, Intervention, and Dissemination With Technology SO CHILD MALTREATMENT LA English DT Review DE child maltreatment; technology; prevention; parenting ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; HEALTH-CARE; MASS-MEDIA; TRAINING-PROGRAM; ABUSE PREVENTION; DISEASE-CONTROL; MENTAL-HEALTH; DRUG-ABUSE; INTERNET AB The goal of this article is to examine how technology has been and can be utilized to enhance parent-focused child maltreatment (CM) prevention efforts. The authors begin with a brief discussion of the current state of the CM prevention field. In the sections that follow, they review studies that have examined the use of technology across three facets of prevention: identification of CM, administration/augmentation of CM prevention programs, and broad dissemination and implementation of evidenced-based CM prevention programs. They conclude with a discussion of limitations and problems related to the use of technology as a tool to enhance CM prevention and future directions. C1 [Whitaker, Daniel J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl SafeCare Training & Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Whitaker, Daniel J.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 NR 108 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-5595 J9 CHILD MALTREATMENT JI Child Maltreatment PD NOV PY 2008 VL 13 IS 4 BP 400 EP 416 DI 10.1177/1077559508320059 PG 17 WC Family Studies; Social Work SC Family Studies; Social Work GA 359AK UT WOS:000259958400010 PM 18567847 ER PT J AU Kaba, SA Price, A Zhou, Z Sundaram, V Schnake, P Goldman, IF Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V Todd, CW AF Kaba, S. A. Price, A. Zhou, Z. Sundaram, V. Schnake, P. Goldman, I. F. Lal, A. A. Udhayakumar, V. Todd, C. W. TI Immune Responses of Mice with Different Genetic Backgrounds to Improved Multiepitope, Multitarget Malaria Vaccine Candidate Antigen FALVAC-1A SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; T-CELL EPITOPES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA VACCINES; BLOOD-STAGE; ADJUVANT; IMMUNOGENICITY; 19-KILODALTON; MULTISTAGE AB FALVAC-1A is a second-generation multitarget, multiepitope synthetic candidate vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum, incorporating elements designed to yield a stable and immunogenic molecule. Characteristics of the immunogenicity of FALVAC-1A were evaluated in congenic (H-2(b), H-2(k), and H-2(d)) and outbred strains of mice. The influences of four adjuvants (aluminum phosphate, QS-21, Montanide ISA-720, and copolymer CRL-1005) on different aspects of the immune response were also assessed. FALVAC-1A generated strong antibody responses in all mouse strains. The highest mean enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody concentrations against FALVAC-1A were observed in the outbred ICR mice, followed by B10.BR, B10.D2, and C57BL/6 mice, though this order varied for the different adjuvants, with no statistical differences between mouse strains. In all mouse strains, the highest anti-FALVAC-1A antibody titers in ELISAs were induced by FALVAC-1A in copolymer and ISA-720 formulations, followed by QS-21 and AlPO4. These antibodies were of all four subclasses, though immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) predominated, with the exception of FALVAC-1A with the QS-21 adjuvant, which induced predominantly IgG2c responses. Both sporozoites and blood stages of P. falciparum were recognized by anti-FALVAC-1A sera in the immunofluorescence assay. In addition to antibody, cellular immune responses were detected; these responses were studied by examining spleen cells producing gamma interferon and interleukin-4 in enzyme-linked immunospot assays. In summary, FALVAC-1A was found to be highly immunogenic and elicited functionally relevant antibodies that can recognize sporozoites and blood-stage parasites in diverse genetic backgrounds. C1 [Kaba, S. A.; Price, A.; Zhou, Z.; Sundaram, V.; Schnake, P.; Goldman, I. F.; Lal, A. A.; Udhayakumar, V.; Todd, C. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Price, A.; Zhou, Z.; Todd, C. W.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. RP Todd, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ckt1@cdc.gov RI Kaba, Stephen/B-3555-2011 OI Kaba, Stephen/0000-0003-1509-2975 FU Malaria Vaccine Initiate (MVI) at PATH, Seattle, WA; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation; The Joint American (NCID) Post Doctoral Fellowship Program; Yvette Caro-Augular FX This work was supported financially by the Malaria Vaccine Initiate (MVI) at PATH, Seattle, WA, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. We acknowledge Atlanta Research and Education Foundation for the support of this project. The Joint American Society for Microbiology (ASM)/National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID) Post Doctoral Fellowship Program sponsored Stephen A. Kaba. This work was supported technically by the Malaria Vaccine Initiate at PATH, Seattle, WA, and the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. We thank Michael Aidoo (HIV/AIDS Immunology & Diagnostic Unit, CDC, Atlanta, GA) and Yvette Caro-Augular (Yerkes Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA) for their invaluable assistance in setting up the ELISPOT assay and using their facilities to read and analyze the plates. We thank Sara Crawford, Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, for performing the statistical analysis. We are grateful to Robert M. Wohlhueter of the Scientific Resources Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA), for his assistance in the computer modeling and analysis of FALVAC-1A. We also thank Antigenics, Inc. (Lexington, MA), for providing us with the adjuvant, QS-21, used in this study. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1674 EP 1683 DI 10.1128/CVI.00164-08 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 369DJ UT WOS:000260674200007 PM 18784343 ER PT J AU Erickson, AL Willberg, CB McMahan, V Liu, A Buchbinder, SP Grohskopf, LA Grant, RM Nixon, DF AF Erickson, A. L. Willberg, C. B. McMahan, V. Liu, A. Buchbinder, S. P. Grohskopf, L. A. Grant, R. M. Nixon, D. F. TI Potentially Exposed but Uninfected Individuals Produce Cytotoxic and Polyfunctional Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8(+) T-Cell Responses Which Can Be Defined to the Epitope Level SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 INFECTION; LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; DISTINCT PATTERNS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ANTIGEN; WORKERS; WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN AB We measured CD8(+) T-cell responses in 12 potentially exposed but uninfected men who have sex with men by using cytokine flow cytometry. Four of the individuals screened exhibited polyfunctional immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag or Vif. The minimum cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope was mapped in one Gag responder. C1 [Erickson, A. L.; Willberg, C. B.; Nixon, D. F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Expt Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [McMahan, V.; Grant, R. M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Virol & Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Liu, A.; Buchbinder, S. P.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div VCF & Epidemiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Grohskopf, L. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nixon, DF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Expt Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM douglas.nixon@ucsf.edu OI Nixon, Douglas/0000-0002-2801-1786; Willberg, Christian/0000-0001-5299-9344 FU UCSF AIDS Biology program of the AIDS Research Institute [U64/CCU917889-01, 200-2003-03007]; UARP IDEA award [ID01-GI-115]; NIH [AI62333] FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the UCSF AIDS Biology program of the AIDS Research Institute, CDC grant # U64/CCU917889-01 and contract # 200-2003-03007, UARP IDEA award # ID01-GI-115, and NIH grant AI62333.; The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1745 EP 1748 DI 10.1128/CVI.00247-08 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 369DJ UT WOS:000260674200019 PM 18815234 ER PT J AU Drammeh, BS Schleicher, RL Pfeiffer, CM Jain, RB Zhang, M Nguyen, PH AF Drammeh, Bakary S. Schleicher, Rosemary L. Pfeiffer, Christine M. Jain, Ram B. Zhang, Mindy Nguyen, Phuong Hong TI Effects of Delayed Sample Processing and Freezing on Serum Concentrations of Selected Nutritional Indicators SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-BLOOD; INDIVIDUAL CAROTENOIDS; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; CLOT CONTACT; VITAMIN-C; STABILITY; PLASMA; RETINOL; STORAGE; FOLATE AB BACKGROUND: Environmental conditions during sample processing, shipping, and storage are often suboptimal, particularly in less developed countries. We used samples from US Volunteers to investigate the effects of delayed whole blood (WB) processing and delayed freezing of serum on selected nutritional indicator. METHODS: WB tubes (n = 35) were either stored at 32 degrees C for up to 3 days before serum separation or centrifuged within 2 It of collection; serum samples were stored at 11 degrees C for tip to 14 days to simulate delayed shipping. We assessed analyte stability by comparing results with data from optimally prepared/stored serum samples (<2 h on the clot, frozen at -70 degrees C) and by Using, clinical-acceptability criteria based on combined analytical imprecision and intraindividual biologic variability. RESULTS: Clinically acceptable changes in concentration varied from 3%-15%. Delayed WB processing did not unacceptably affect concentrations of carotenoids and vitamins B-12, D, and E; however, we obtained clinically call\ unacceptable changes for ferritin (+ 9%), solub transferrin receptor (sTfR) (+5%), and folate (-30%) after I day, and for vitamin A (-10%) after 3 days. Delayed freezing of serum did not affect concentrations of ferritin, sTfR, carotenoids, and vitamins A, B12 and E; however, we obtained clinically unacceptable changes for vitamins C (-20%) and D (+7%) after 7 days and for folate after 14 days (-22%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite substantial delays in WB processing or in the freezing of serum samples, Most nutritional indicators showed remarkable stability. This information is important for both the design of field Studies and the use of residual samples subjected to suboptimal preanalytical factors. (C) 2008 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 [Drammeh, Bakary S.; Schleicher, Rosemary L.; Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Jain, Ram B.; Zhang, Mindy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Nguyen, Phuong Hong] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CPfeiffer@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 54 IS 11 BP 1883 EP 1891 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2008.108761 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 366AO UT WOS:000260452000018 PM 18757584 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Finley, RW Wright, CS Robinson, HN Schrodt, BJ Lane, CC Ekenna, O Blass, MA Tamminga, CL Ohl, CA McLellan, SLF Goddard, J Holman, RC Openshaw, JJ Sumner, JW Zaki, SR Eremeeva, ME AF Paddock, Christopher D. Finley, Richard W. Wright, Cynthia S. Robinson, Howard N. Schrodt, Barbara J. Lane, Carole C. Ekenna, Okechukwu Blass, Mitchell A. Tamminga, Cynthia L. Ohl, Christopher A. McLellan, Susan L. F. Goddard, Jerome Holman, Robert C. Openshaw, John J. Sumner, John W. Zaki, Sherif R. Eremeeva, Marina E. TI Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis and its clinical distinction from Rocky Mountain spotted fever SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; RHIPICEPHALUS-SANGUINEUS; AMBLYOMMA-MACULATUM; TICKS; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; MASSILIAE; ARIZONA; ESCHARS AB Background. Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis, a recently identified spotted fever transmitted by the Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum), was first described in 2004. We summarize the clinical and epidemiological features of 12 patients in the United States with confirmed or probable disease attributable to R. parkeri and comment on distinctions between R. parkeri rickettsiosis and other United States rickettsioses. Methods. Clinical specimens from patients in the United States who reside within the range of A. maculatum for whom an eschar or vesicular rash was described were evaluated by >= 1 laboratory assays at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA) to identify probable or confirmed infection with R. parkeri. Results. During 1998-2007, clinical samples from 12 patients with illnesses epidemiologically and clinically compatible with R. parkeri rickettsiosis were submitted for diagnostic evaluation. Using indirect immunofluorescence antibody assays, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction assays, and cell culture isolation, we identified 6 confirmed and 6 probable cases of infection with R. parkeri. The aggregate clinical characteristics of these patients revealed a disease similar to but less severe than classically described Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Conclusions. Closer attention to the distinct clinical features of the various spotted fever syndromes that exist in the United States and other countries of the Western hemisphere, coupled with more frequent use of specific confirmatory assays, may unveil several unique diseases that have been identified collectively as Rocky Mountain spotted fever during the past century. Accurate assessments of these distinct infections will ultimately provide a more valid description of the currently recognized distribution, incidence, and case-fatality rate of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. C1 [Paddock, Christopher D.; Sumner, John W.; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Openshaw, John J.; Eremeeva, Marina E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Holman, Robert C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Blass, Mitchell A.] St Josephs Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Finley, Richard W.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Goddard, Jerome] Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. [Ekenna, Okechukwu] Singing River Hosp, Pascagoula, MS USA. [Wright, Cynthia S.] Wrights Family Healthcare, Conway, SC USA. [Robinson, Howard N.] Bernstein & Robinson Dermatol, Bel Air, MD USA. [Schrodt, Barbara J.] Dermatol Associates, Louisville, KY USA. [Lane, Carole C.] Lane Med Grp, Monroeville, AL USA. [Tamminga, Cynthia L.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Ohl, Christopher A.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [McLellan, Susan L. F.] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G-32,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CPaddock@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 9 BP 1188 EP 1196 DI 10.1086/592254 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 356DO UT WOS:000259759100011 PM 18808353 ER PT J AU Marienau, KJ Averhoff, F Redd, S AF Marienau, Karen J. Averhoff, Francisco Redd, Susan TI The role of air travel in the spread of mumps SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Marienau, Karen J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Quarantine & Border Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Redd, Susan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Resp Infect Dis, Div Viral Dis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Marienau, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Quarantine & Border Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kqm5@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 9 BP 1237 EP 1237 DI 10.1086/592355 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 356DO UT WOS:000259759100026 PM 18831704 ER PT J AU Liese, AD Liu, L Davis, C Standiford, D Waitzfelder, B Dabelea, D Bell, R Williams, D Imperatore, G Lawrence, JM AF Liese, Angela D. Liu, Lenna Davis, Cralen Standiford, Debra Waitzfelder, Beth Dabelea, Dana Bell, Ronny Williams, Desmond Imperatore, Guiseppina Lawrence, Jean M. TI Participation in pediatric egidemiologic research: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study experience SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE Epidemiologic methods; Bias; Nonresponse; Youth ID RESEARCH PROTOCOLS; CLINICAL-RESEARCH; RESPONSE RATES; NONRESPONSE; PREVALENCE; RESPONDENTS; HEALTH; PARENT; ADOLESCENT; MULTICENTER AB Background: We evaluated the association of demographic and clinical characteristics with participation in an epidemiologic study of diabetes mellitus among youth. Methods: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth is a multicenter study of physician-diagnosed diabetes in youth under the age of 20 comprising a surveillance and a cohort component. At each center, we enumerated all prevalent cases of diabetes in 2001 (n = 6266) and all incident cases between 2002 and 2004 (n = 3668). After confirmation of eligibility and validation. we invited each case to complete a survey and participate in a study visit. Here we evaluate how age, sex, race, and diabetes type are associated with participation in the survey and study visit. Results: Among prevalent cases, participation in the survey was 68% and 41% in the study visit. Among 2002 to 2004 incident cases, participation varied for the survey (76%. 81%, and 82%) and study visit (52%, 60%. and 60%). In multivariate logistic regression analyses among all incident cases, older age was associated with a lower odds of participation in the study visit (15-17 vs. <10 years: OR 0.5. 95% CI 0.4-0.7; 18-19 vs. <10 years: OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.5). as was having type 2 diabetes vs. type 1 diabetes (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.7) and being of African American race vs. non-Hispanic White (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.8). Results were very similar among prevalent cases. Conclusions: Elucidating the relationship between individual characteristics and participation is essential for evaluating nonresponse bias, correcting for it, and for planning and implementing recruitment strategies. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liese, Angela D.] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Liese, Angela D.] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Res Nutr & Hlth Dispar, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Liu, Lenna] Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bell, Ronny] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Standiford, Debra] Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Waitzfelder, Beth] Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. [Dabelea, Dana] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO USA. [Imperatore, Guiseppina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lawrence, Jean M.] Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Res & Eval, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Liese, AD (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 800 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM liese@sc.edu FU California [U01 DP000246]; Colorado [U01 DP000247]; Hawaii [U01 DP000245]; Ohio [U01 DP000248]; South Carolina [U01 DP000254]; Washington [U01 DP000244]; Coordinating Center [U01 DP000250] FX Site Contract Numbers: California (U01 DP000246), Colorado (U01 DP000247), Hawaii (U01 DP000245), Ohio (U01 DP000248), South Carolina (U01 DP000254), Washington (U01 DP000244), Coordinating Center (U01 DP000250).; The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.; The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study is indebted to the many youth and their families, and their health care providers, whose participation made this study possible.; The authors wish to acknowledge the involvement of the General Clinical Research Centers (GCRC) at the following institutions in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study: Medical University of South Carolina (Grant Number M01 RR01070); Cincinnati Children's Hospital (Grant Number M01 RR08084); Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center and the University of Washington School of Medicine (Grant Number M01RR00037 and M01RR001271); Colorado Pediatric General Clinical Research Center (Grant Number M01 RR00069). NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD NOV PY 2008 VL 29 IS 6 BP 829 EP 836 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2008.05.008 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 373RO UT WOS:000260990300003 PM 18573350 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Valdez, R Albright, A AF Khoury, Muin J. Valdez, Rodolfo Albright, Ann TI Public Health Genomics Approach to Type 2 Diabetes SO DIABETES LA English DT Editorial Material ID FAMILY-HISTORY; POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATION C1 [Khoury, Muin J.; Valdez, Rodolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Albright, Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM muk1@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD NOV PY 2008 VL 57 IS 11 BP 2911 EP 2914 DI 10.2337/db08-1045 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 367PR UT WOS:000260564800007 PM 18971439 ER PT J AU Pettitt, DJ Lawrence, JM Beyer, J Hillier, TA Liese, AD Mayer-Davis, B Loots, B Imperatore, G Liu, L Dolan, LM Linder, B Dabelea, D AF Pettitt, David J. Lawrence, Jean M. Beyer, Jennifer Hillier, Teresa A. Liese, Angela D. Mayer-Davis, Beth Loots, Beth Imperatore, Giuseppina Liu, Lenna Dolan, Lawrence M. Linder, Barbara Dabelea, Dana TI Association Between Maternal Diabetes in Utero and Age at Offspring's Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; BIRTH-ORDER; FETAL HYPERINSULINISM; CHILDHOOD; MELLITUS; MOTHERS; OBESITY; ENVIRONMENT; YORKSHIRE; DELIVERY AB OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this study was to examine age of diabetes diagnosis in youth who have a parent with diabetes by diabetes type and whether the parent's diabetes was diagnosed before or after the youth's birth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - The cohort comprised SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study participants (diabetes diagnosis 2001-2005) with a diabetic parent. SEARCH is a multicenter survey of youth with diabetes diagnosed before age 20 years. RESULTS - Youth with type 2 diabetes were more likely to have a parent with either type I or type 2 diabetes (mother 39.3%; father 21.2%) than youth with type 1 diabetes (5.3 and 6.7%, respectively, P < 0.001 for each). Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed 1.68 years earlier among those exposed to diabetes in utero (n = 174) than among those whose mothers' diabetes was diagnosed later (P = 0.018, controlled for maternal diagnosis age, paternal diabetes, sex, and race/ethnicity). Age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for 269 youth with and without in utero exposure did not differ significantly (difference 0.96 year, P = 0.403 after adjustment). Controlled for the father's age of diagnosis, father's diabetes before the child's birth was not associated with age at diagnosis (P = 0.078 for type 1 diabetes; P = 0.140 for type 2 diabetes). CONCLUSIONS - Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed at younger ages among those exposed to hyperglycemia in utero. Among youth with type I diabetes, the effect of the intrauterine exposure was not significant when controlled for mother's age of diagnosis. This study helps explain why other studies have found higher age-specific rates of type 2 diabetes among offspring of women with diabetes. C1 [Pettitt, David J.] Sansum Diabet Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Lawrence, Jean M.] Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Pasadena, CA USA. [Beyer, Jennifer] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Hillier, Teresa A.] Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res NW Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA. [Liese, Angela D.] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Liese, Angela D.] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Res Nutr & Hlth Dispar, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Mayer-Davis, Beth] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Loots, Beth] Seattle Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA. [Loots, Beth] Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Imperatore, Giuseppina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Liu, Lenna] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dolan, Lawrence M.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Linder, Barbara] NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Dabelea, Dana] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Pettitt, DJ (reprint author), Sansum Diabet Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA USA. EM dpettitt@sansum.org FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [PA 00097, DP-05-069]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Kaiser Permanente Southern California [U01 DP000246]; University of Colorado Health Science Center [U01 DP000247]; Pacific Health Research Institute [U01 DP000245]; Children's Hospital Medical Center (Cincinnati) [U01 DP000248]; University of South Carolina [U01 DP000254]; University of Washington School of Medicine [U01 DP000244]; Wake Forest University School of Medicine [U01 DP000250] FX SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (PA 00097 and DP-05-069) and supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Center Contract Numbers are as follows: Kaiser Permanente Southern California (U01 DP000246), University of Colorado Health Science Center (U01 DP000247), Pacific Health Research Institute (U01 DP000245), Children's Hospital Medical Center (Cincinnati) (U01 DP000248), University of South Carolina (U01 DP000254), University of Washington School of Medicine (U01 DP000244), and Wake Forest University School of Medicine (U01 DP000250).; The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study is indebted to the many youth and their families and their health care providers, whose participation made this study possible. NR 25 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 2008 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2126 EP 2130 DI 10.2337/dc08-0769 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 367PT UT WOS:000260565000012 PM 18694977 ER PT J AU Iqbal, NJ Boey, A Park, BJ Brandt, ME AF Iqbal, Naureen J. Boey, Angeline Park, Benjamin J. Brandt, Mary E. TI Determination of in vitro susceptibility of ocular Fusarium spp. isolates from keratitis cases and comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A2 and E test methods SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Fusarium spp.; Keratitis; E test ID SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; POSACONAZOLE SCH-56592; CONTACT-LENS; VORICONAZOLE; ENDOPHTHALMITIS; ASPERGILLUS; RESISTANCE AB We evaluated the susceptibility of 85 Fusarium spp. isolates from cases of fungal keratitis with 8 antifungal drugs using the standard Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution and E test methods. Members of the Fusarium solani species complex showed consistently higher MICs to the triazole drugs itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole than did members of other species complexes (Fusarium oxysporum and other minor species). High MICs to amphotericin B, natamycin, and echinocandins were consistently obtained with no discrimination based on species or method. Further work is required to determine any potential correlation between MIC and clinical outcome in keratitis. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Iqbal, Naureen J.; Boey, Angeline; Park, Benjamin J.; Brandt, Mary E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Iqbal, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Nlqbal@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 62 IS 3 BP 348 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.07.003 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 370BE UT WOS:000260736900017 PM 18707841 ER PT J AU Le Duc, JW Anderson, K Bloom, ME Estep, JE Feldmann, H Geisbert, JB Geisbert, TW Hensley, L Holbrook, M Jahrling, PB Ksiazek, TG Korch, G Patterson, J Skvorak, JP Weingartl, H AF Le Duc, James W. Anderson, Kevin Bloom, Marshall E. Estep, James E. Feldmann, Heinz Geisbert, Joan B. Geisbert, Thomas W. Hensley, Lisa Holbrook, Michael Jahrling, Peter B. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Korch, George Patterson, Jean Skvorak, John P. Weingartl, Hana TI Framework for Leadership and Training of Biosafety Level 4 Laboratory Workers SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Construction of several new Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories and expansion of existing operations have created an increased international demand for well-trained staff and facility leaders. Directors of most North American BSL-4 laboratories met and agreed upon a framework for leadership and training of biocontainment research and operations staff. They agreed on essential preparation and training that includes theoretical consideration of biocontainment principles, practical hands-on training, and mentored on-the-job experiences relevant to positional responsibilities as essential preparation before a person's independent access to a BSL-4 facility. They also agreed that the BSL-4 laboratory director is the key person most responsible for ensuring that staff members are appropriately prepared for BSL-4 operations. Although standardized certification of training does not formally exist, the directors agreed that facility-specific, time-limited documentation to recognize specific skills and experiences of trained persons is needed. C1 [Le Duc, James W.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Galveston Natl Lab, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Anderson, Kevin; Estep, James E.] Natl Biodef Anal & Countermeasures Ctr, Frederick, MD USA. [Bloom, Marshall E.] Natl Inst Hlth, Hamilton, MT USA. [Feldmann, Heinz] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Geisbert, Joan B.; Geisbert, Thomas W.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hensley, Lisa; Korch, George; Patterson, Jean] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. [Jahrling, Peter B.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ksiazek, Thomas G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Patterson, Jean] SW Fdn Biomed Res, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. [Weingartl, Hana] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Le Duc, JW (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Galveston Natl Lab, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM jwleduc@utmb.edu FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [UC7-AI-070083]; National Institutes of Health; NIAID Division of Intramural Research FX This study was supported by grant UC7-AI-070083 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, and by the NIAID Division of Intramural Research. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1685 EP 1688 DI 10.3201/eid1411.080741 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 368JI UT WOS:000260617000001 PM 18976549 ER PT J AU David, MZ Rudolph, KM Hennessy, TW Boyle-Vavra, S Daum, RS AF David, Michael Z. Rudolph, Karen M. Hennessy, Thomas W. Boyle-Vavra, Susan Daum, Robert S. TI Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Rural Southwestern Alaska SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Chicago, IL ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; SKIN INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; STRAINS; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; CLONES; PREVALENCE; PNEUMONIA; USA300 AB USA300 is the dominant strain responsible for community-associated (CA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in most of the United States. We examined isolates from outbreaks of MRSA skin infections in rural southwestern Alaska in 1996 and 2000 (retrospective collection) and from the hospital serving this region in 2004-2006 (prospective collection). Among 36 retrospective collection isolates, 92% carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes; all carried staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) type IV. None belonged to clonal complex (CC) 8, the CC associated with USA300; 57% were sequence type (ST) 1, and 26% were ST30; 61% were clindamycin resistant. In the prospective collection, 42 isolates were PVL+ and carried SCCmec type IV; 83.3% were ST1, 9.5% were ST30, and 7.1% were ST8. Among 120 prospective isolates, 57.5% were clindamycin resistant. CA-MRSA epidemiology in southwestern Alaska differs from that in the lower 48 states; ST8 strains were rarely identified and clindamycin resistance was common. C1 [David, Michael Z.] Univ Chicago, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rudolph, Karen M.; Hennessy, Thomas W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK USA. RP David, MZ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Pediat, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC 6054, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM mdavid@medicine.bscl.uchicago.edu FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [R01 CI000373-01, R01 CI000373, 1 U01 CI000384-01, U01 CI000384]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI067584, 1R01AI067584-01A2, R01 AI040481, R01 AI40481-01A1]; PHS HHS [R01 CCR523379] NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1693 EP 1699 DI 10.3201/eid1411.080381 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 368JI UT WOS:000260617000003 PM 18976551 ER PT J AU Oeltmann, JE Varma, JK Ortega, L Liu, Y O'Rourke, T Cano, M Harrington, T Toney, S Jones, W Karuchit, S Diem, L Rienthong, D Tappero, JW Ijaz, K Maloney, SA AF Oeltmann, John E. Varma, Jay K. Ortega, Luis Liu, Yecai O'Rourke, Thomas Cano, Maria Harrington, Theresa Toney, Sean Jones, Warren Karuchit, Samart Diem, Lois Rienthong, Dhanida Tappero, Jordan W. Ijaz, Kashef Maloney, Susan A. TI Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Outbreak among US-bound Hmong Refugees, Thailand, 2005 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; TIBETAN REFUGEES; IMMIGRANTS; INDIA; PROGRAMS; RISK AB In January 2005, tuberculosis (TB), including multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB), was reported among Hmong refugees who were living in or had recently immigrated to the United States from a camp in Thailand. We investigated TB and drug resistance, enhanced TB screenings, and expanded treatment capacity in the camp. In February 2005, 272 patients with TB (24 MDR TB) remained in the camp. Among 17 MDR TB patients interviewed, 13 were found to be linked socially. Of 23 MDR TB isolates genotyped, 20 were similar according to 3 molecular typing methods. Before enhanced screening was implemented, 46 TB cases (6 MDR TB) were diagnosed in the United States among 9,455 resettled refugees. After enhanced screening had begun, only 4 TB cases (1 MDR TB), were found among 5,705 resettled refugees. An MDR TB outbreak among US-bound refugees led to importation of disease; enhanced pre-immigration TB screening and treatment decreased subsequent importation. C1 [Oeltmann, John E.; Ortega, Luis; Liu, Yecai; Cano, Maria; Harrington, Theresa; Toney, Sean; Diem, Lois; Ijaz, Kashef; Maloney, Susan A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Varma, Jay K.; Karuchit, Samart; Tappero, Jordan W.] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Bangkok, Thailand. [O'Rourke, Thomas; Jones, Warren] Int Org Migrat, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Oeltmann, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jeo3@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1715 EP 1721 DI 10.3201/eid1411.071629 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 368JI UT WOS:000260617000006 PM 18976554 ER PT J AU Aichelburg, AC Walochnik, J Assadian, O Prosch, H Steuer, A Perneczky, G Visvesvara, GS Aspock, H Vetter, N AF Aichelburg, Alexander C. Walochnik, Julia Assadian, Ojan Prosch, Helmut Steuer, Andrea Perneczky, Gedeon Visvesvara, Govinda S. Aspoeck, Horst Vetter, Norbert TI Successful Treatment of Disseminated Acanthamoeba sp Infection with Miltefosine SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; PATIENT; DIAGNOSIS; HUMANS AB We report on an HIV-negative but immunocompromised patient with disseminated acanthamoebiasis, granulomatous, amoebic encephalitis, and underlying miliary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis. The patient responded favorably to treatment with miltefosine, an alkylphosphocholine. The patient remained well with no signs of infection 2 years after treatment cessation. C1 [Aichelburg, Alexander C.] Otto Wagner Hosp, Pulmonol Ctr, SMZ Baumgartner Hoehe, A-1140 Vienna, Austria. [Walochnik, Julia; Assadian, Ojan; Aspoeck, Horst] Med Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria. [Perneczky, Gedeon] Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung Wien, Vienna, Austria. [Visvesvara, Govinda S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aichelburg, AC (reprint author), Otto Wagner Hosp, Pulmonol Ctr, SMZ Baumgartner Hoehe, Sanatoriumsstr 2, A-1140 Vienna, Austria. EM alexander.aichelburg@wienkav.at OI Assadian, Ojan/0000-0003-0129-8761; Walochnik, Julia/0000-0003-0356-2853 NR 15 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1743 EP 1746 DI 10.3201/eid1411.070854 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 368JI UT WOS:000260617000011 PM 18976559 ER PT J AU Khetsuriani, N Lu, XY Teague, WG Kazerouni, N Anderson, LJ Erdman, DD AF Khetsuriani, Nino Lu, Xiaoyan Teague, W. Gerald Kazerouni, Neely Anderson, Larry J. Erdman, Dean D. TI Novel Human Rhinoviruses and Exacerbation of Asthma in Children SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 104th International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society CY MAY 16-21, 2008 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Thorac Soc ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; ILLNESS; ASSOCIATION; GENOTYPE; INSIGHTS; VP1 AB To determine links between human rhinoviruses (HRV) and asthma, we used data from a case-control study, March 2003-February 2004, among children with asthma. Molecular characterization identified several likely new HRVs and showed that association with asthma exacerbations was largely driven by HRV-A and a phylogenetically distinct clade of 8 strains, genogroup C. C1 [Khetsuriani, Nino; Lu, Xiaoyan; Kazerouni, Neely; Anderson, Larry J.; Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Teague, W. Gerald] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dde1@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [200-1998-00103] NR 15 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1793 EP 1796 DI 10.3201/eid1411.080386 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 368JI UT WOS:000260617000026 PM 18976575 ER PT J AU Huai, Y Xiang, NJ Zhou, L Feng, LH Peng, ZB Chapman, RS Uyeki, TM Yu, HJ AF Huai, Yang Xiang, Nijuan Zhou, Lei Feng, Luzhao Peng, Zhibin Chapman, Robert S. Uyeki, Timothy M. Yu, Hongjie TI Incubation Period for Human Cases of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Infection, China SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; VIRUS-INFECTION C1 [Huai, Yang; Xiang, Nijuan; Zhou, Lei; Feng, Luzhao; Peng, Zhibin; Yu, Hongjie] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Huai, Yang; Chapman, Robert S.] Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. [Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yu, HJ (reprint author), China CDC, Off Dis Control & Emergency Response, 27 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM yuhj@chinaedc.cn NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 10 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1819 EP 1821 DI 10.3201/eid1411.080509 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 368JI UT WOS:000260617000037 PM 18976586 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI The Extraordinary Nature of Illusion SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1829 EP 1830 DI 10.3201/eid1411.000000 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 368JI UT WOS:000260617000042 PM 18976590 ER PT J AU Rhoads, G Brown, MJ AF Rhoads, George Brown, Mary Jean TI Blood Lead Levels: Rhoads and Brown Respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 [Rhoads, George] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Brown, Mary Jean] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rhoads, G (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM mjb5@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 116 IS 11 BP A472 EP A473 DI 10.1289/ehp.11636R PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 366ZG UT WOS:000260521500003 ER PT J AU Plotinsky, RN Straetemans, M Wong, LY Brown, MJ Dignam, T Flanders, WD Tehan, M Azziz-Baumgartner, E Dipentima, R Talbot, EA AF Plotinsky, Rachel N. Straetemans, Masja Wong, Lee-Yang Brown, Mary Jean Dignam, Timothy Flanders, W. Dana Tehan, Megan Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo Dipentima, Richard Talbot, Elizabeth A. TI Risk factors for elevated blood lead levels among African refugee children in New Hampshire, 2004 SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Refugee; Lead poisoning; Risk factor; Screening; Prevention ID MASSACHUSETTS; EXPOSURE AB Objectives: Surveillance blood lead screening of refugee children resettled in Manchester, NH, in 2004 revealed that 39 (42%) of 92 children had elevated levels (>= 10 mu g/dL) after resettlement. Furthermore, 27/92 children (29%) had nonelevated screening blood lead levels on arrival (BLL1) but had elevated follow-up blood lead levels 3-6 months after settlement (BLL2). The main objective was to identify risk factors for increasing lead levels among refugee children after resettlement in Manchester in 2004. Patients and methods: We conducted a cohort study, with completion of household interviews and home assessments for refugee families who had resettled in 2004 in Manchester, NH. Blood lead level (BLL) data were abstracted from the New Hampshire (NH) Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program. To assess acute and chronic malnutrition among refugees, we used anthropometric data from International Organization of Migration documents to calculate nutritional indices. Results and discussion: Of the 93 African refugee children in 42 families who participated, 60 (65%) had been born in a refugee camp. Median age was 5.5 years at the time of BLL2 measurement. Thirty-six (39%) of the refugee children had BLL2 >= 10 mu g/dL Liberians and those born in refugee camps had higher geometric mean BLL2 than those not Liberian or not born in camps. Younger children and children with nutritional wasting before immigrating to the United States had a greater increase in geometric mean from BLL1 to BLL2, compared to older children and those without nutritional wasting. Follow-up blood lead testing of refugee children, particularly those resettled in areas with older housing stock, as in Manchester, is important for identifying lead exposure occurring after resettlement. Increased attention to improve nutritional status of children in refugee camps and after arrival in the United States and awareness of children who were born in refugee camps should be incorporated into lead-poisoning prevention strategies. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Plotinsky, Rachel N.; Straetemans, Masja; Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Plotinsky, Rachel N.; Tehan, Megan; Talbot, Elizabeth A.] New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Wong, Lee-Yang; Brown, Mary Jean; Dignam, Timothy; Flanders, W. Dana] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dipentima, Richard] Manchester Hlth Dept, Manchester, NH USA. [Talbot, Elizabeth A.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Plotinsky, RN (reprint author), Providence St Vincent Med Ctr, 9155 SW Barnes Rd, Portland, OR 97225 USA. EM plotinsky@hotmail.com NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 108 IS 3 BP 404 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.08.002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 368YR UT WOS:000260660000020 PM 18834979 ER PT J AU Sathyanarayana, S Calafat, AM Liu, F Swan, SH AF Sathyanarayana, S. Calafat, A. M. Liu, F. Swan, S. H. TI Maternal and infant urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations: Are they related? SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phthalate; infant; Maternal; Environmental health ID IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; HOUSE DUST; INDOOR AIR; ASSOCIATION; CHILDREN; ESTERS; DEHP; PRODUCTS; PVC; AGE AB Background: Phthalates are synthetic chemicals that are ubiquitous in our society and may have adverse health effects in humans. Detectable concentrations of phthalate metabolites have been found in adults and children, but no studies have examined the relationship between maternal and infant phthalate metabolite concentrations. Objective: We investigated the relationship between maternal and infant urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations. Methods: We measured nine phthalate metabolites in urine samples from 210 mother/infant pairs collected on the same study visit day (1999-2005) and obtained demographic history from questionnaires. Using multivariate linear regression analyses, we examined the degree to which maternal urine phthalate metabolite concentration predicted infant phthalate metabolite concentration. All analyses were adjusted for infant age, creatinine concentration, and race. Results: Correlation coefficients between phthalate metabolite concentrations in the urine of mothers and their infants were generally low but increased with decreasing age of infant. In multivariate analyses, mother's phthalate metabolite concentrations were significantly associated with infants' concentrations for six phthalate metabolites: monobenzyl phthalate, monoethyl phthalate, monoisobutyl phthalate, and three metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: mono(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxy-hexyl) phthalate, and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxo-hexyl) phthalate (p-values for all coefficients < 0.05). Discussion: Mother's urine phthalate metabolite concentration is significantly associated with infant urine phthalate metabolite concentration for six phthalate metabolites. It is plausible that shared exposures to phthalates in the immediate surrounding environment accounted for these relationships, but other unidentified sources may also contribute to infants' phthalate exposures. This study indicates the importance of further identifying infant phthalate exposures that may be distinct from maternal exposures in order to decrease overall infant phthalate exposures. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sathyanarayana, S.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Calafat, A. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Liu, F.; Swan, S. H.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Sathyanarayana, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM sathyana@u.washington.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR00400, MO1-RR0425, M01 RR000400, M01 RR000425]; NICHD NIH HHS [K12 HD053984-02, K12 HD053984]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES009916-04, R01 ES009916, R01-ES09916] NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 108 IS 3 BP 413 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.002 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 368YR UT WOS:000260660000021 PM 18715556 ER PT J AU Parker, JD Mendola, P Woodruff, TJ AF Parker, Jennifer D. Mendola, Pauline Woodruff, Tracey J. TI Preterm Birth After the Utah Valley Steel Mill Closure A Natural Experiment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; OF-THE-LITERATURE; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; PM(10) POLLUTION; LOS-ANGELES; WEIGHT; CALIFORNIA; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; POLLUTANTS AB Background: Prior studies have linked the Utah Valley Steel Mill closure that took place between August 1986 and September 1987 to improvements in several health outcomes. So-called natural experiments ease concerns over confounding and exposure misclassification, concerns that are common in studies of air pollution and pregnancy outcome. Methods: We compare birth outcomes for Utah mothers within and outside the Utah Valley, before, during, and after the mill closure. Results: Mothers who were pregnant around the time of the closure of the mill were less likely to deliver prematurely than mothers who were pregnant before or after; effects were strongest for exposure during the second trimester. Preterm birth within the Utah Valley did not change during the time of mill closure. No patterns for birth weight were observed. Conclusions: These results support other studies that have found effects on preterm birth of air pollution exposure early in pregnancy. C1 [Parker, Jennifer D.; Mendola, Pauline] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Woodruff, Tracey J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Program Reprod Hlth & Environm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Woodruff, Tracey J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Parker, JD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6107, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jdparker@cdc.gov OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP 820 EP 823 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181883d5d PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IP UT WOS:000260191700012 PM 18854706 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Baker, SE Whitehead, RD Wong, L Needham, LL AF Barr, D. B. Baker, S. E. Whitehead, R. D., Jr. Wong, L. Needham, L. L. TI Urinary Concentrations of Pyrethroid Metabolites in the General US Population, NHANES 1999-2002 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Barr, D. B.; Baker, S. E.; Whitehead, R. D., Jr.; Wong, L.; Needham, L. L.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S192 EP S193 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901022 ER PT J AU Berman, T Hochner-Celnikier, D Calafat, A Needham, L Amitai, Y Wormser, U Richter, E AF Berman, T. Hochner-Celnikier, D. Calafat, A. Needham, L. Amitai, Y. Wormser, U. Richter, E. TI Phthalate Concentrations Among Pregnant Women in Jerusalem, Israel: Results of a Pilot Study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Berman, T.; Wormser, U.; Richter, E.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. [Hochner-Celnikier, D.] Hadassah Univ Hosp, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Calafat, A.; Needham, L.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Amitai, Y.] Minist Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S124 EP S124 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900364 ER PT J AU Blount, B Valentin-Blasim, L Lashley, S Ledoux, T Here, P Smulian, J Robson, M AF Blount, B. Valentin-Blasim, L. Lashley, S. Ledoux, T. Here, P. Smulian, J. Robson, M. TI Perinatal Exposure to Perchlorate, Thiocyanate and Nitrate Compared with Iodide Levels in NJ Mothers and Newborns SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Blount, B.; Valentin-Blasim, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lashley, S.; Smulian, J.] UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Ledoux, T.] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ USA. [Ledoux, T.] New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Robson, M.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S154 EP S155 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900444 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Quiros-Alcala, L Barr, D Odetokun, M Ferber, J Eskenazi, B AF Bradman, A. Quiros-Alcala, L. Barr, D. Odetokun, M. Ferber, J. Eskenazi, B. TI Organic Diets Associated with Lower Pesticide Urinary Metabolite Excretion in Children Living in Agricultural and Urban Areas SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Bradman, A.; Quiros-Alcala, L.; Ferber, J.; Eskenazi, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barr, D.; Odetokun, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam /Q-4928-2016 OI Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam /0000-0002-6600-7227 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S213 EP S213 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901079 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Sjodin, A Rosas, L Harley, K Fenster, L Eskenazi, B AF Bradman, A. Sjodin, A. Rosas, L. Harley, K. Fenster, L. Eskenazi, B. TI PBDE Exposure to Pregnant Women and Their Children Living in a United States Agricultural Community SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Bradman, A.; Rosas, L.; Harley, K.; Eskenazi, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sjodin, A.] CDC, NCEH, DLS, OAT, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fenster, L.] CA Dept Publ Hlth, Occupat Hlth Branch, Richmond, CA USA. RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S75 EP S75 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900230 ER PT J AU Castorina, R Harnly, ME Eskenazi, B Barr, DB Fenster, L Bradman, A AF Castorina, R. Harnly, M. E. Eskenazi, B. Barr, D. B. Fenster, L. Bradman, A. TI Carbaryl and Naphthalene Exposures Among a Pregnant Latina Population Living in an Agricultural Area SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Castorina, R.; Eskenazi, B.; Bradman, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harnly, M. E.; Fenster, L.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. [Barr, D. B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S207 EP S208 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901064 ER PT J AU Chevrier, J Harley, K Bradman, A Sjodin, A Fenster, L Eskenazi, B AF Chevrier, J. Harley, K. Bradman, A. Sjodin, A. Fenster, L. Eskenazi, B. TI Associations Between Prenatal Exposure to PBDEs and Neonatal TSH levels SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Chevrier, J.; Harley, K.; Bradman, A.; Eskenazi, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sjodin, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fenster, L.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S266 EP S266 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901216 ER PT J AU Chevrier, J Harley, K Bradman, A Sjodin, A Holland, N Fenster, L Eskenazi, B AF Chevrier, J. Harley, K. Bradman, A. Sjodin, A. Holland, N. Fenster, L. Eskenazi, B. TI Associations Between PBDE Body Burden and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Pregnant Women Participating in the CHAMACOS Study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Chevrier, J.; Harley, K.; Bradman, A.; Holland, N.; Eskenazi, B.] UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. [Sjodin, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fenster, L.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S241 EP S241 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901153 ER PT J AU Choi, Y Hu, H Weisskopf, M Mukherjee, B Sparrow, D Spiro, A Tak, S Park, S AF Choi, Y. Hu, H. Weisskopf, M. Mukherjee, B. Sparrow, D. Spiro, I. I. I. A. Tak, S. Park, S. TI The Impact of Occupation-Related Noise Exposure on Hearing Thresholds in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men: The Normative Aging Study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Choi, Y.; Hu, H.; Park, S.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Weisskopf, M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mukherjee, B.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sparrow, D.] Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, VA Normat Aging Study, Boston, MA USA. [Sparrow, D.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Tak, S.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S276 EP S277 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901243 ER PT J AU Curwin, B AF Curwin, B. TI Comparison of Immunoassay and High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Measuring Urinary Metabolites of Atrazine, Metolachlor, and Chlorpyrifos from Farmers SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Curwin, B.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S320 EP S321 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901362 ER PT J AU Darrow, LA Strickland, MJ Klein, M Correa, A Waller, L Marcus, M Flanders, WD Tolbert, PE AF Darrow, L. A. Strickland, M. J. Klein, M. Correa, A. Waller, L. Marcus, M. Flanders, W. D. Tolbert, P. E. TI Seasonality of Birth in Atlanta and Implications for Temporal Studies of Preterm Birth SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Darrow, L. A.; Klein, M.; Waller, L.; Marcus, M.; Flanders, W. D.; Tolbert, P. E.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Strickland, M. J.; Correa, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDDD, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015; Marcus, Michele/J-2746-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S260 EP S260 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901202 ER PT J AU Davis, M Weldon, RH Morales-Agudelo, G Roman, W Bradman, A Holland, N Eskenazi, B Barr, D AF Davis, M. Weldon, R. H. Morales-Agudelo, G. Roman, W. Bradman, A. Holland, N. Eskenazi, B. Barr, D. TI A High-Resolution Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophometric Method for Measuring Pesticides and PCBs in Human Milk SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Davis, M.; Morales-Agudelo, G.; Roman, W.; Barr, D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Weldon, R. H.; Bradman, A.; Holland, N.; Eskenazi, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S335 EP S335 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901399 ER PT J AU Engel, LS Andersen, A Barr, DB Cantor, KP Chou, J Hayes, RB Lan, Q Langseth, H Needham, LL Wacholder, S Blair, A Rothman, N AF Engel, L. S. Andersen, A. Barr, D. B. Cantor, K. P. Chou, J. Hayes, R. B. Lan, Q. Langseth, H. Needham, L. L. Wacholder, S. Blair, A. Rothman, N. TI Serum Concentrations of Organochlorines and Risk of Melanoma: Results of a Prospective Analysis SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Engel, L. S.; Chou, J.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Andersen, A.; Langseth, H.] Canc Registry Norway, Oslo, Norway. [Barr, D. B.; Needham, L. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cantor, K. P.; Hayes, R. B.; Lan, Q.; Wacholder, S.; Blair, A.; Rothman, N.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S195 EP S196 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901031 ER PT J AU Engel, SM Berkowitz, GS Calafat, AM Zhu, C Liao, L Silva, MJ Wolff, MS AF Engel, S. M. Berkowitz, G. S. Calafat, A. M. Zhu, C. Liao, L. Silva, M. J. Wolff, M. S. TI Prenatal Phthalate Exposure is Associated with Altered Neonatal Behavior in a Multiethnic Pregnancy Cohort SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Engel, S. M.; Berkowitz, G. S.; Zhu, C.; Liao, L.; Wolff, M. S.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Calafat, A. M.; Silva, M. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S181 EP S182 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900516 ER PT J AU Fenton, SE Mendola, P Sjodin, A Patterson, DG Needham, LL Hines, EP AF Fenton, S. E. Mendola, P. Sjodin, A. Patterson, D. G. Needham, L. L. Hines, E. P. TI Brominated Flame Retardant Levels in Human Milk and Serum from MAMA Study Participants: Preliminary Findings from Correlations over Time and Matrix, and with Questionnaire Results SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Fenton, S. E.; Hines, E. P.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Mendola, P.] NICHHD, CDC, Rockville, MD USA. [Sjodin, A.; Patterson, D. G.; Needham, L. L.] NCEH, DLS, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S330 EP S330 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901385 ER PT J AU Gotway, C AF Gotway, C. TI Environmental Public Health Tracking: A Case Study from Florida SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Gotway, C.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S20 EP S20 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900032 ER PT J AU Hammond, D Dvonch, JT Mentz, G Robbins, T Parker, E Keeler, G Israel, B Yip, F Mukherjee, B Brakefield-Caldwell, W Max, P Lewis, T AF Hammond, D. Dvonch, J. T. Mentz, G. Robbins, T. Parker, E. Keeler, G. Israel, B. Yip, F. Mukherjee, B. Brakefield-Caldwell, W. Max, P. Lewis, T. TI Effects of Source-specific Emissions of Ambient Particulate Matter on Respiratory Symptoms Among Asthmatic Children in Detroit, Michigan SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Hammond, D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dvonch, J. T.; Mentz, G.; Robbins, T.; Parker, E.; Keeler, G.; Israel, B.; Mukherjee, B.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yip, F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brakefield-Caldwell, W.] Community Act Against Asthma, Detroit, MI USA. [Max, P.] Detroit Dept Wellness & Hlth Promot, Detroit, MI USA. [Lewis, T.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RI Dvonch, Joseph/K-3632-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S174 EP S174 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900496 ER PT J AU Harley, KG Huen, K Holland, NT Bradman, A Barr, DB Eskenazi, B AF Harley, K. G. Huen, K. Holland, N. T. Bradman, A. Barr, D. B. Eskenazi, B. TI Effects of Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure on Birth Outcome Among Pregnant Women with Differing PON1 Status SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Harley, K. G.; Huen, K.; Holland, N. T.; Bradman, A.; Eskenazi, B.] UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. [Barr, D. B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S345 EP S346 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901426 ER PT J AU Herbstman, JB Sjodin, A Jones, R Kurzon, M Lederman, SA Rauh, VA Needham, LL Wang, R Perera, FP AF Herbstman, J. B. Sjodin, A. Jones, R. Kurzon, M. Lederman, S. A. Rauh, V. A. Needham, L. L. Wang, R. Perera, F. P. TI Prenatal Exposure to PBDEs and Neurodevelopment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Herbstman, J. B.; Kurzon, M.; Lederman, S. A.; Rauh, V. A.; Perera, F. P.] Columbia Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Sjodin, A.; Jones, R.; Needham, L. L.; Wang, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S348 EP S348 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901433 ER PT J AU Hines, CJ Hopf, N Deddens, J Calafat, A Silva, M Grote, A Sammons, D AF Hines, C. J. Hopf, N. Deddens, J. Calafat, A. Silva, M. Grote, A. Sammons, D. TI Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations Among Workers in Selected Industries SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Hines, C. J.; Hopf, N.; Deddens, J.; Grote, A.; Sammons, D.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Calafat, A.; Silva, M.] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900311 ER PT J AU Jackson, LW Lawson, CC Lees, PS Breysee, PN Steward, PA Correa, A AF Jackson, L. W. Lawson, C. C. Lees, P. S. Breysee, P. N. Steward, P. A. Correa, A. TI Inter- and Intra-Rater Reliability of Occupational Exposure to Nickel and Cobalt as Assessed Retrospectively SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Jackson, L. W.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH USA. [Lawson, C. C.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Lees, P. S.; Breysee, P. N.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Steward, P. A.] Steward Exposure Assessments, Arlington, VA USA. [Correa, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S86 EP S87 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900263 ER PT J AU Just, AC Adibi, JJ Rundle, AG Calafat, AM Hauser, R Whyat, RM AF Just, A. C. Adibi, J. J. Rundle, A. G. Calafat, A. M. Hauser, R. Whyat, R. M. TI Urinary Mono-Ethyl Phthalate Concentrations and Reported Use of Personal Care Products Among Pregnant Women SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Just, A. C.; Rundle, A. G.; Whyat, R. M.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Adibi, J. J.; Hauser, R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Calafat, A. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Adibi, Jennifer/I-8077-2016 OI Adibi, Jennifer/0000-0001-6562-8315 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S250 EP S251 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901177 ER PT J AU Kato, K Wong, L Needham, L Calafat, A AF Kato, K. Wong, L. Needham, L. Calafat, A. TI Serum Concentrations of Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds in Pre-Adolescent Children Pooled Samples SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Kato, K.; Wong, L.; Needham, L.; Calafat, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S229 EP S230 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901122 ER PT J AU Kuenzli, N Liu, LJS Bridevaux, P Garcia, R Schindler, C Gerbase, M Keidel, D Rochat, T AF Kuenzli, N. Liu, L. J. S. Bridevaux, P. Garcia, R. Schindler, C. Gerbase, M. Keidel, D. Rochat, T. TI Adult Onset Asthma Among Never-Smokers is Associated with Air Pollution SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Kuenzli, N.; Liu, L. J. S.; Garcia, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bridevaux, P.; Gerbase, M.] UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Garcia, R.] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ USA. [Schindler, C.] New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Keidel, D.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Kuenzli, N.] CREAL, Barcelona, Spain. [Kuenzli, N.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Liu, L. J. S.; Schindler, C.; Keidel, D.] Univ Basel, Inst Social & Prevent Med, Basel, Switzerland. [Bridevaux, P.; Gerbase, M.; Rochat, T.] Univ Hosp Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. RI Schindler, Christian/D-3472-2015; Kunzli, Nino/F-7195-2014 OI Kunzli, Nino/0000-0001-8360-080X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S154 EP S154 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900443 ER PT J AU Lu, C Barr, D Pearson, M Waller, L Brovo, R AF Lu, C. Barr, D. Pearson, M. Waller, L. Brovo, R. TI The Attribution of Urban and Suburban Children's Exposures to Common Pesticides Present in the Environment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Lu, C.; Pearson, M.; Waller, L.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Barr, D.; Brovo, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S40 EP S41 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900109 ER PT J AU Montesano, MA Kuklenyik, P Whitehead, RD Jayatilaka, NK Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Montesano, M. A. Kuklenyik, P. Whitehead, R. D., Jr. Jayatilaka, N. K. Needham, L. L. Barr, D. B. TI Quantification of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid in Human Urine Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Montesano, M. A.; Kuklenyik, P.; Whitehead, R. D., Jr.; Jayatilaka, N. K.; Needham, L. L.; Barr, D. B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S91 EP S91 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900275 ER PT J AU Needham, L AF Needham, L. TI Decreases in Human Concentrations of Selected Chemicals as Determined in US NHANES SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Needham, L.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S69 EP S69 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900206 ER PT J AU Nethery, E Wheeler, A Van Ryswyk, K You, H Weselek, M Sjodin, A Foster, W Moore, E Arbuckle, T AF Nethery, E. Wheeler, A. Van Ryswyk, K. You, H. Weselek, M. Sjodin, A. Foster, W. Moore, E. Arbuckle, T. TI Airborne and Urinary Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Population of Pregnant Women: A Pilot Study in Hamilton, Canada SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Nethery, E.; Wheeler, A.; Van Ryswyk, K.; You, H.; Weselek, M.; Arbuckle, T.] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Sjodin, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Foster, W.; Moore, E.] MacMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S220 EP S221 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901099 ER PT J AU Peck, JD Robledo, C Neas, B Calafat, AM Sjodin, A Blount, B Wild, R Cowan, LD AF Peck, J. D. Robledo, C. Neas, B. Calafat, A. M. Sjodin, A. Blount, B. Wild, R. Cowan, L. D. TI Phthalates, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Perchlorate Associations with Thyroid Hormones During Pregnancy: Results from a Pilot Study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Peck, J. D.; Robledo, C.; Neas, B.; Wild, R.; Cowan, L. D.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Calafat, A. M.; Sjodin, A.; Blount, B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S235 EP S235 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901137 ER PT J AU Pinney, SM Biro, FM Yaghjyan, L Calafat, AM Windham, G Brown, MK Hernick, A Sucharew, H Succop, P Ball, K Kushi, LH Bornschein, R AF Pinney, S. M. Biro, F. M. Yaghjyan, L. Calafat, A. M. Windham, G. Brown, M. K. Hernick, A. Sucharew, H. Succop, P. Ball, K. Kushi, L. H. Bornschein, R. TI Pilot Study of Serum Biomarkers of Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds in Young Girls SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Pinney, S. M.; Yaghjyan, L.; Brown, M. K.; Hernick, A.; Sucharew, H.; Ball, K.; Kushi, L. H.; Bornschein, R.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Biro, F. M.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Calafat, A. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Windham, G.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. [Windham, G.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. RI Sucharew, Heidi/M-4338-2015 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S311 EP S311 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901337 ER PT J AU Riederer, AM Hunter, RL Barr, DB Weekasekera, G Ryan, PB AF Riederer, A. M. Hunter, R. L. Barr, D. B. Weekasekera, G. Ryan, P. B. TI Dietary Organophosphorus Pesticide Intake and Urinary Dialkylphosphate Levels in Adult Volunteers SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Riederer, A. M.; Ryan, P. B.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Hunter, R. L.; Ryan, P. B.] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Barr, D. B.; Weekasekera, G.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S343 EP S344 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901421 ER PT J AU Romieu, I Schilmann, A Marron, T Sjodin, A Riojas-Rodriguez, H AF Romieu, I Schilmann, A. Marron, T. Sjodin, A. Riojas-Rodriguez, H. TI The Impact of the Introduction of an Improved Stove (PATSARI) on Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Biomarkers of Exposure SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Romieu, I; Schilmann, A.; Marron, T.; Riojas-Rodriguez, H.] Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Sjodin, A.] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S261 EP S261 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901204 ER PT J AU Salvatore, AL Bradman, A Camacho, J Lopez, J Barr, DB Snyder, J Jewell, NP Eskenazi, B AF Salvatore, A. L. Bradman, A. Camacho, J. Lopez, J. Barr, D. B. Snyder, J. Jewell, N. P. Eskenazi, B. TI Occupational Behaviors and Farmworkers' Pesticide Exposure: Findings from a Study in Monterey County, California SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Salvatore, A. L.; Bradman, A.; Jewell, N. P.; Eskenazi, B.] Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA USA. [Camacho, J.] Ctr Hlth Assessment Mothers & Children Salinas CH, Salinas, CA USA. [Lopez, J.] Calif Rural Legal Assistance, Salinas, CA USA. [Barr, D. B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Snyder, J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Hort, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S348 EP S349 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901435 ER PT J AU Schneider, AE Neas, L Herbst, MC Williams, RW Cascio, W Hinderliter, A Holguin, F Buse, J Dungan, K Styner, M Peters, A Devlin, RB AF Schneider, A. E. Neas, L. Herbst, M. C. Williams, R. W. Cascio, W. Hinderliter, A. Holguin, F. Buse, J. Dungan, K. Styner, M. Peters, A. Devlin, R. B. TI Associations of Endothelial Dysfunction with Exposure to Ambient Fine Particles in Diabetic Subjects: Are the Effects Modified by Patient Characteristics? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Schneider, A. E.; Peters, A.] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany. [Neas, L.; Williams, R. W.; Devlin, R. B.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Herbst, M. C.; Hinderliter, A.; Buse, J.; Dungan, K.; Styner, M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hinderliter, A.] E Carolina Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. [Cascio, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Schneider, Alexandra/B-5347-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S152 EP S153 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900439 ER PT J AU Teitelbaum, SL Britton, JA Vangeepuram, N Brenner, B Silva, M Calafat, A Wolff, M AF Teitelbaum, S. L. Britton, J. A. Vangeepuram, N. Brenner, B. Silva, M. Calafat, A. Wolff, M. TI Phthalate Metabolites and Body Size Characteristics in Urban Minority Girls SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Teitelbaum, S. L.; Britton, J. A.; Vangeepuram, N.; Brenner, B.; Wolff, M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Silva, M.; Calafat, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S136 EP S136 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900397 ER PT J AU Teitelbaum, SL Britton, JA Vangeepuram, N Bausell, R Brenner, B Silva, M Calafat, A Wolff, MS AF Teitelbaum, S. L. Britton, J. A. Vangeepuram, N. Bausell, R. Brenner, B. Silva, M. Calafat, A. Wolff, M. S. TI Phthalate Metabolites and Asthma in Urban Minority Girls SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Teitelbaum, S. L.; Britton, J. A.; Vangeepuram, N.; Bausell, R.; Brenner, B.; Wolff, M. S.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Silva, M.; Calafat, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S114 EP S114 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900337 ER PT J AU Van Oostdam, J Needham, L Riojas, H Rodriquez, S Donaldson, S AF Van Oostdam, J. Needham, L. Riojas, H. Rodriquez, S. Donaldson, S. TI Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Maternal Blood from Mexico, Canada and the USA SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Van Oostdam, J.; Donaldson, S.] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Needham, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Riojas, H.; Rodriquez, S.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S113 EP S114 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900335 ER PT J AU Virji, MA Schuler, CR Stanton, MI Day, GA Stefaniak, AB Kent, MS Kreiss, K AF Virji, M. A. Schuler, C. R. Stanton, M., I Day, G. A. Stefaniak, A. B. Kent, M. S. Kreiss, K. TI Development of Historical Exposure Estimates for an Epidemiologic Study of Beryllium Sensitization and Chronic Beryllium Disease at a Beryllium Production Facility SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Virji, M. A.; Schuler, C. R.; Stanton, M., I; Day, G. A.; Stefaniak, A. B.; Kreiss, K.] NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. [Kent, M. S.] Brush Wellman Inc, Elmore, OH USA. RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900312 ER PT J AU Von Ehrenstein, OS Hines, EP Kato, K Kuklenyik, Z Calafat, AM Fenton, SE AF Von Ehrenstein, O. S. Hines, E. P. Kato, K. Kuklenyik, Z. Calafat, A. M. Fenton, S. E. TI Perfluoroalkyl Acids in the Serum and Milk of Breastfeeding North Carolina Women SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Von Ehrenstein, O. S.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Hines, E. P.; Fenton, S. E.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kato, K.; Kuklenyik, Z.; Calafat, A. M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S338 EP S339 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901407 ER PT J AU Wells, EM Navas-Acien, A Caldwell, KL Jones, RL Apelberg, BJ Herbstman, JM Halden, RU Witter, FR Goldman, LR AF Wells, E. M. Navas-Acien, A. Caldwell, K. L. Jones, R. L. Apelberg, B. J. Herbstman, J. M. Halden, R. U. Witter, F. R. Goldman, L. R. TI Selenium and Lipids in Umbilical Cord Serum SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Wells, E. M.; Navas-Acien, A.; Apelberg, B. J.; Witter, F. R.; Goldman, L. R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Caldwell, K. L.; Jones, R. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Herbstman, J. M.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Halden, R. U.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012; Halden, Rolf/F-9562-2010 OI Halden, Rolf/0000-0001-5232-7361 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S86 EP S86 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900262 ER PT J AU Whyatt, RM Adibi, JJ Calafat, AM Rundle, A Just, AC Hauser, R AF Whyatt, R. M. Adibi, J. J. Calafat, A. M. Rundle, A. Just, A. C. Hauser, R. TI Maternal Prenatal Urinary Concentrations of Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Relation to the Timing of Labor: Results from a Birth Cohort Study of Inner-city Mothers and Newborns SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Whyatt, R. M.; Rundle, A.; Just, A. C.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Adibi, J. J.; Hauser, R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Calafat, A. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Adibi, Jennifer/I-8077-2016 OI Adibi, Jennifer/0000-0001-6562-8315 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S220 EP S220 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901097 ER PT J AU Williams, MK Barr, DB Camann, DE Evans, D Kinney, P Rundle, AG Perera, FP Whyatt, RM AF Williams, M. K. Barr, D. B. Camann, D. E. Evans, D. Kinney, P. Rundle, A. G. Perera, F. P. Whyatt, R. M. TI Residential Pesticide Use Patterns Among an Inner-City Cohort in New York City and the Impact of an Intervention to Reduce Pesticide Use and Exposure SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Williams, M. K.; Evans, D.; Kinney, P.; Rundle, A. G.; Perera, F. P.; Whyatt, R. M.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, CCCEH, New York, NY USA. [Barr, D. B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Camann, D. E.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RI Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S41 EP S41 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900111 ER PT J AU Windham, GC Pinney, SM Sjodin, A Zhang, L Jones, RS Needham, LL Kushi, LH AF Windham, G. C. Pinney, S. M. Sjodin, A. Zhang, L. Jones, R. S. Needham, L. L. Kushi, L. H. TI Serum Levels of Poly-Brominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Girls in California and Ohio SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Windham, G. C.] CA Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. [Pinney, S. M.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Sjodin, A.; Jones, R. S.; Needham, L. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zhang, L.] Impact Assessment Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Kushi, L. H.] Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Oakland, CA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S76 EP S77 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900235 ER PT J AU Wolff, MS Teitelbaum, SL Galvez, M Brenner, B Liao, L Britton, J Pfeiffer, C Calafat, AM AF Wolff, M. S. Teitelbaum, S. L. Galvez, M. Brenner, B. Liao, L. Britton, J. Pfeiffer, C. Calafat, A. M. TI Environmental Exposures and Breast Development in Urban Minority Girls SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Wolff, M. S.; Teitelbaum, S. L.; Galvez, M.; Brenner, B.; Liao, L.; Britton, J.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Pfeiffer, C.; Calafat, A. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S194 EP S194 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901026 ER PT J AU Xia, Y Bemert, JT AF Xia, Y. Bemert, J. T. TI Quantitation of the Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in Urine by LC Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Xia, Y.; Bemert, J. T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S230 EP S230 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901124 ER PT J AU Garrett, V Ogutu, P Mabonga, P Ombeki, S Mwaki, A Aluoch, G Phelan, M Quick, RE AF Garrett, V. Ogutu, P. Mabonga, P. Ombeki, S. Mwaki, A. Aluoch, G. Phelan, M. Quick, R. E. TI Diarrhoea prevention in a high-risk rural Kenyan population through point-of-use chlorination, safe water storage, sanitation, and rainwater harvesting SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SOLAR DISINFECTION; QUALITY; INTERVENTIONS; METAANALYSIS; MADAGASCAR; CHILDREN; VESSELS; DISEASE AB Lack of access to safe water and sanitation contributes to diarrhoea moribidity and mortality in developing countries. We evaluated the impact of household water treatment, latrines, shallow Wells. and rainwater harvesting on diarrhoea incidence in rural Kenyan children. We compared diarrhoea rates in 960 children aged < 5 years in 556 households in 12 randomly selected intervention villages and six randomly selected comparison villages during weekly home visits over an 8-week period. On multivariate analysis, chlorinating stored water [relative risk (RR) 0.44, 95% confidence Interval (CI) 0.28-0.69]. latrine presence (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0-54-0-92), rainwater use (RR 0.70. 95% CI 0.52-0.95), and living in an intervention village (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.23-0.41). were independently associated with lower diarrhoea risk. Diarrhoea risk was higher among shallow well users (RR 1.78, 95 % CI 1.12-2.83). Chlorinating stored water. latrines. and rainwater use all decreased diarrhoea risk: combined interventions may have increased health impact. C1 [Garrett, V.; Phelan, M.; Quick, R. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ogutu, P.; Mabonga, P.; Ombeki, S.; Mwaki, A.; Aluoch, G.] CARE Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Quick, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Food Borne & Diarrhoeal Dis Branch, Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rxql@cdc.gov FU Woodruff Foundation FX Funding for this evaluation was provided by the Woodruff Foundation through the CARE-CDC Health Initiative. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 136 IS 11 BP 1463 EP 1471 DI 10.1017/S095026880700026X PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 370GK UT WOS:000260750500004 PM 18205977 ER PT J AU Pleis, JR Barnes, PM AF Pleis, John R. Barnes, Patricia M. TI A comparison of respiratory conditions between multiple race adults and their single race counterparts: an analysis based on American Indian/Alaska Native and white adults SO ETHNICITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE multiple race; respiratory; asthma; American Indian; Alaska Native; sinusitis ID ASTHMA PREVALENCE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; IDENTITY; DISPARITIES; ADJUSTMENT; ETHNICITY; CHILDREN AB Context. Multiple race data collection/reporting are relatively new among United States federal statistical systems. Not surprisingly, very little is known about the multiple race population ill the USA. It is well known that some race and ethnic groups experience some respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma) disproportionately However, not much is known about the experience of multiple race adults. If differences exist in how single/multiple race adults experience respiratory conditions, this information Could be useful ill public health education. Objective. To explore differences ill respiratory conditions between single race white adults, single race American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) adults, and; adults who are both white and MAN (largest Multiple race group of adults ill the USA). Methods. Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics, were analyzed. Hispanic and black populations arc oversampled. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to predict if the Occurrence of each respiratory condition analyzed differed by single/multiple race reporting. Sample. A nationally representative sample of 1217,596 civilian non-institutionalized adults (>= 18 years of age) from the 2000 2003 NHIS. Outcome measure. Adults told by a doctor or other health professional that they had asthma. hay fever, sinusitis, and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary, disease. Results. Adults who are both MAN and white generally had higher rates of respiratory conditions than did their single race Counterparts. These differences persisted even after controlling for socio-demographic and health care access measures. Conclusions. This paper presents some of the first research of how the health of some multiple race adults differs from their single race counterparts. Contrary to some previous expectations for these estimates, respiratory condition estimates for adults who arc both MAN and white do not appear to be located between those of the component single race groups. C1 [Pleis, John R.; Barnes, Patricia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Pleis, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM JPleis@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1355-7858 J9 ETHNIC HEALTH JI Ethn. Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 13 IS 5 BP 399 EP 415 DI 10.1080/13557850801994839 PG 17 WC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 399RT UT WOS:000262817700002 PM 18850367 ER PT J AU Allen, AS Satten, GA AF Allen, Andrew S. Satten, Glen A. TI New Haplotype Sharing Method for Genome-Wide Case-Control Association Studies Implicates Gene for Parkinson's Disease SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY SEP 14-16, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Int Genet Epidimiol Soc C1 [Allen, Andrew S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Satten, Glen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 32 IS 7 MA 18 BP 674 EP 674 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 371ZQ UT WOS:000260871600027 ER PT J AU Epstein, MP Allen, AS Griffiths, S Dudbridge, E Satten, GA AF Epstein, M. P. Allen, A. S. Griffiths, S. Dudbridge, E. Satten, G. A. TI Fast and Robust Tests of Association for Untyped SNPs in Case-Control Studies SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY SEP 14-16, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Int Genet Epidimiol Soc C1 [Epstein, M. P.] Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Allen, A. S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biostat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Griffiths, S.; Dudbridge, E.] MRC, Biostat Unit, Cambridge CB2 2BW, England. [Satten, G. A.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 32 IS 7 MA 19 BP 674 EP 674 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 371ZQ UT WOS:000260871600028 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Berg, A Coates, R Evans, J Teutsch, SM Bradley, LA AF Khoury, Muin J. Berg, Al Coates, Ralph Evans, James Teutsch, Steven M. Bradley, Linda A. TI The Evidence Dilemma In Genomic Medicine SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID SERVICES-TASK-FORCE; HEALTH-CARE; NIH ROADMAP; INFORMATION; CHALLENGES AB An ongoing dilemma in genomic medicine is balancing the need for scientific innovation with appropriate evidence thresholds for moving technology into practice. The current low threshold allows unsubstantiated technologies to enter into practice, with the potential to overwhelm the health system. Alternatively, establishing an excessively high threshold for evidence could slow the integration of genomics into practice and present disincentives for investing in research and development. Also, variable coverage and reimbursement policies can lead to differential access to technology, exacerbating health disparities. There is an urgent need for a collaborative process for appropriate transition of genomic discoveries from research to practice. [Health Affairs 27, no. 6 (2008): 1600 1611; 10.1377/hlthaff.27.6.1600] C1 [Khoury, Muin J.; Bradley, Linda A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, EGAPP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Berg, Al] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Evans, James] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Teutsch, Steven M.] Merck & Co Inc, West Point, PA USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, EGAPP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mukl@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 3 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1600 EP 1611 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.27.6.1600 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 370NQ UT WOS:000260769300018 PM 18997217 ER PT J AU Naimoli, JF Challa, S Schneidman, M Kostermans, K AF Naimoli, Joseph F. Challa, Shilpa Schneidman, Miriam Kostermans, Kees TI Toward a grounded theory of why some immunization programmes in sub-Saharan Africa are more successful than others: a descriptive and exploratory assessment in six countries SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Childhood immunization; sub-Saharan Africa; policy implementation; programme implementation; grounded theory ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; COVERAGE; GAVI; FUND AB The question of why some immunization programmes in sub-Saharan Africa are more successful than others is an intriguing one, but not one that is frequently raised or investigated. Borrowing techniques from both performance benchmarking and positive deviance inquiry, we explored this question in six countries. We first set out to define for a systematic sample of countries the key constructs commonly associated with improving immunization coverage, using an inductive, insider point of view. We then explored their utility in generating hypotheses about coverage differences across countries through a preliminary application of the measures of these constructs to the countries in this sample. Our findings suggest that there are different paths to success, and that not only what countries do, but how they execute their programmes, seem to make a difference in coverage outcomes. In some cases, extramural, contextual factors may also help to explain these differences. We discuss several hypotheses generated by our study, identify methodological limitations, and recommend improvements to the methods we used. Similar formative studies are needed to validate our preliminary hypotheses, to generate new ones, and to raise our level of confidence in the early policy implications that we see emerging from our preliminary work in this area. Eventually, testing of the hypotheses generated by this and other formative studies could generate a robust theory of why some programmes are more successful than others, a phenomenon likely to be relevant to other child and maternal health programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. C1 [Naimoli, Joseph F.] World Bank, Human Dev Network, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Naimoli, Joseph F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Challa, Shilpa] World Bank, Booster Program Malaria Control, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Schneidman, Miriam; Kostermans, Kees] World Bank, Dept Human Dev, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Naimoli, JF (reprint author), World Bank, Human Dev Network, 1818 H St NW,MSN G8-801, Washington, DC 20433 USA. EM jnaimoli@worldbank.org FU Child's Vaccine Program; government of the Netherlands, through the World Bank- Netherlands Partnership Program (BNPP) FX We thank the Ministries of Health and the WHO and UNICEF offices in the six countries in which this study was conducted for their support and active participation. We acknowledge the significant contributions to various aspects of this study of Bank colleagues Rashmi Sharma, S H Thilsted, Anthony Measham, Oscar Picazo, Deepti Tanuku and Robin Martz. Ed Bos, Logan Brenzel and Peyvand Khaleghian, also from the World Bank, provided valuable advice and technical inputs. We thank Jennifer Bryce, Michael Reich and Stephen Hadler for their comments on an earlier draft of this paper. We thank Alex Rowe, Vance Dietz, Lisa Cairns, Bob Keegan, Mary Harvey, Maureen Birmingham, Mercy Ahun, Michael Favin, Paul Fife, Rebecca Fields, Robert Steinglass and Daniel Kress for their comments on an earlier working paper. The study would not have been possible without the encouragement, advice and support of Amie Batson and Ok Pannenborg of the World Bank. This work was supported with financial assistance from the Child's Vaccine Program at PATH and the government of the Netherlands, through the World Bank- Netherlands Partnership Program ( BNPP). The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this article are entirely those of the authors and do not represent the views of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, the countries they represent, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the afore- mentioned colleagues. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.1093/heapol/czn028 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 361PZ UT WOS:000260140900003 PM 18701550 ER PT J AU Stephens, RL Xu, Y Volk, RJ Scholl, LE Kamin, SL Holden, EW Stroud, LA AF Stephens, Robert L. Xu, Ye Volk, Robert J. Scholl, Lawrence E. Kamin, Stephanie L. Holden, E. Wayne Stroud, Leonardo A. TI Influence of a Patient Decision Aid on Decisional Conflict Related to PSA Testing: A Structural Equation Model SO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE decisional conflict; informed decision making; prostate cancer; PSA testing; structural equation modeling ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CANCER EARLY-DETECTION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; SERVICES-TASK-FORCE; INFORMED DECISIONS; RISK; PREFERENCE; INTENTION; EDUCATION AB Objective: To examine the impact of it decision aid (DA) designed to promote informed decision making for screening with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and to test a theoretical model of factors influencing decisional conflict. Design: Structural equation modeling examined pathways between DA exposure. knowledge, schema. prostate cancer risk perceptions. decisional anxiety, and decisional conflict. Sample participants included 200 men front the general Population (exclusive of African Americans) and 200 African American men. Half of the men in each subsample were randomly assigned to receive the DA. Main Outcome Measures: Decisional conflict regarding prostate cancer screening. Results: The DA influences level of decisional conflict by increasing patient knowledge. This effect of knowledge on decisional conflict is indirect, however. through an association with greater perceived risk and lower decisional anxiety. Also, positive PSA schema was associated with lower decisional anxiety and decisional conflict. It is important that exposure to the DA had no impact on PSA schema. Conclusion: Schemas about testing must be considered in developing messages about the risks and benefits of testing. If schemas are counter to message content. mechanisms for modifying schemas must be incorporated into interventions. C1 [Stephens, Robert L.; Xu, Ye; Scholl, Lawrence E.; Kamin, Stephanie L.] Macro Int Inc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Volk, Robert J.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Volk, Robert J.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Holden, E. Wayne] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Stroud, Leonardo A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stephens, RL (reprint author), Macro Int Inc, 3 Corp Sq,Suite 370, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM Robert.L.Stephens@macrointernational.com OI Volk, Robert/0000-0001-8811-5854 NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0278-6133 J9 HEALTH PSYCHOL JI Health Psychol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 27 IS 6 BP 711 EP 721 DI 10.1037/0278-6133.27.6.711 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 374DY UT WOS:000261024100006 PM 19025266 ER PT J AU Guilamo-Ramos, V Jaccard, J Dittus, P Collins, S AF Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent Jaccard, James Dittus, Patricia Collins, Sarah TI Parent-Adolescent Communication About Sexual Intercourse: An Analysis of Maternal Reluctance to Communicate SO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescent sexual risk behavior; parent-adolescent communication; adolescent sexual risk reduction; adolescent pregnancy prevention ID HEALTH BELIEF MODEL; RISK BEHAVIOR; PERCEPTIONS; KNOWLEDGE; FAMILIES; MOTHER AB Objective: A unified theory of behavior was applied to parent-adolescent communication about sexual intercourse to understand why some mothers speak less often with their children about not having sexual intercourse. According to the theory, parental decisions or intentions to engage in such conversations are a function of expectancies, social norms, self-concept, emotions, and self-efficacy. Design: Data were collected from a random sample of 668 mother-adolescent dyads recruited from middle schools located in the Bronx community of New York City. Data were collected via self-administered surveys. Main Outcome Measures: Mother and adolescent reports on the frequency of parent-adolescent communication about sexual intercourse were obtained. Adolescents and mothers reported how often the mother had discussed 21 topics related to sexual behavior. Results and Conclusion: Results supported the utility of the framework for understanding parent-adolescent communication about sexual intercourse. Significant maternal correlates included (a) expectancies about lacking knowledge, being embarrassed and encouraging children to think maturely and focus on school; (b) self-concept and perceiving that mothers who didn't talk with their children about sex were irresponsible: (c) emotions about feeling relaxed and comfortable and (d) self-efficacy about the ease of talking with one's child. Implications for family based prevention programs are discussed. C1 [Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent; Collins, Sarah] Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Jaccard, James] Florida Int Univ, Dept Psychol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Dittus, Patricia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Guilamo-Ramos, V (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM rg650@columbia.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U87/CCU220155-3-0] FX This research was supported by funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cooperative Agreement # U87/CCU220155-3-0. The findings and conclusion in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC. NR 45 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0278-6133 J9 HEALTH PSYCHOL JI Health Psychol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 27 IS 6 BP 760 EP 769 DI 10.1037/a0013833 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 374DY UT WOS:000261024100012 PM 19025272 ER PT J AU Bahamondes, L Diaz, J Marchi, NM Castro, S Villarroel, M Macaluso, M AF Bahamondes, Luis Diaz, Juan Marchi, Nadia Maria Castro, Sara Villarroel, Marina Macaluso, Maurizio TI Prostate-specific antigen in vaginal fluid after exposure to known amounts of semen and after condom use: comparison of self-collected and nurse-collected samples SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE condoms; semen exposure; PSA; women ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; FEMALE CONDOM; CONTRACEPTIVE EFFICACY; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CLINICAL-TRIALS; TRANSMISSION; INTERCOURSE; PREVENTION; CHLAMYDIA; INFECTION AB BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in vaginal fluid indicates exposure to semen, and was used to assess condom effectiveness, although validity and reliability have not been fully evaluated. Our objective was to compare PSA in self-collected samples with samples collected by a nurse. METHODS: We conducted two studies, each with 100 women aged 18-48 years. In the first, a nurse exposed each participant to her partner's semen (10, 100 and 1000 mu l), and nurse and participant collected samples. In the second, each participant sampled before and after using two male condoms (MC) and two female condoms (FC); a nurse collected another sample afterwards. RESULTS: PSA concentration increased with semen exposure, but was lower in nurse-collected samples. Both procedures were sensitive, almost 100% after exposure to 100-1000 mu l of semen. PSA detection rates with MC and FC were 13% and 28% in self-collected samples, 8% and 9% in nurse-collected samples. Concordance between sample types was 93% with the MC (95% CI: 89%; 96%), 78% with the FC (95% CI: 72%; 84%). PSA decay between sampling times may explain higher values in self-collected samples. CONCLUSIONS: PSA is a highly sensitive surrogate endpoint for condom effectiveness studies. Self-collected and nurse-collected samples are equivalent, but sample collection timing is critical. C1 [Bahamondes, Luis; Marchi, Nadia Maria; Castro, Sara; Villarroel, Marina] Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Med Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Human Reprod Unit, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Diaz, Juan] Populat Council, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Macaluso, Maurizio] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bahamondes, L (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Med Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Human Reprod Unit, Caixa Postal 6181, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM bahamond@caism.unicamp.br RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU The Population Council, New York [AI06.40C-17/A] FX This study received financial support from The Population Council, New York under award # AI06.40C-17/A. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2444 EP 2451 DI 10.1093/humrep/den283 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 361QT UT WOS:000260142900007 PM 18664473 ER PT J AU Caruso, CC Waters, TR AF Caruso, Claire C. Waters, Thomas R. TI A Review of Work Schedule Issues and Musculoskeletal Disorders with an Emphasis on the Healthcare Sector SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE Review; Working hours; Shift work; Long work hours; Work schedule tolerance; Extended work periods; Musculoskeletal disorders ID RISK-FACTORS; SHIFT-WORK; LOW-BACK; LONG WORKHOURS; OVERTIME WORK; NURSES; SLEEP; SYMPTOMS; INJURIES; SAFETY AB Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a significant cause of morbidity in healthcare workers. The influence of shift work and long work hours on risk for MSDs is an area that needs further exploration. The purpose of this report is to assess research progress and gaps across studies that examined the relationship between demanding work schedules and MSD outcomes. A literature search identified 23 peer-reviewed publications in the English language that examined MSDs and long work hours, shift work, extended work shifts, mandatory overtime, or weekend work. Eight studies that examined long work hours and had some controls for physical job demands reported a significant increase in one or more measures of MSDs. Fourteen studies examining shift work had incomparable methods and types of shift work, and therefore, no clear trends in Findings were identified. A small number of studies examined mandatory overtime, work on weekends and days off, and less than 10 h off between shifts. Given the complexity of the work schedule research topic, relatively few studies have adequately examined the relationship of work schedules and musculoskeletal outcomes. The review discusses research gaps including methodological issues and suggests research priorities. C1 [Caruso, Claire C.; Waters, Thomas R.] NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Caruso, CC (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 72 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL INST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH, JAPAN PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 46 IS 6 BP 523 EP 534 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 377UU UT WOS:000261277200002 PM 19088404 ER PT J AU Hidron, AI Edwards, JR Patel, J Horan, TC Sievert, DM Pollock, DA Fridkin, SK AF Hidron, Alicia I. Edwards, Jonathan R. Patel, Jean Horan, Teresa C. Sievert, Dawn M. Pollock, Daniel A. Fridkin, Scott K. CA Natl Healthcare Safety Network Tea Participating Natl Healthcare Safe TI Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Associated With Healthcare-Associated Infections: Annual Summary of Data Reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006-2007 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; NNIS SYSTEM REPORT; SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; BETA-LACTAMASES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; LATIN-AMERICA; NORTH-AMERICA; US HOSPITALS AB OBJECTIVE. To describe the frequency of selected antimicrobial resistance patterns among pathogens causing device-associated and procedure-associated healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) reported by hospitals in the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). METHODS. Data are included on HAIs (ie, central line-associated bloodstream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and surgical site infections) reported to the Patient Safety Component of the NHSN between January 2006 and October 2007. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of up to 3 pathogenic isolates per HAI by a hospital were evaluated to define antimicrobial-resistance in the pathogenic isolates. The pooled mean proportions of pathogenic isolates interpreted as resistant to selected antimicrobial agents were calculated by type of HAI and overall. The incidence rates of specific device-associated infections were calculated for selected antimicrobial-resistant pathogens according to type of patient care area; the variability in the reported rates is described. RESULTS. Overall, 463 hospitals reported 1 or more HAIs: 412 (89%) were general acute care hospitals, and 309 (67%) had 200-1,000 beds. There were 28,502 HAIs reported among 25,384 patients. The 10 most common pathogens (accounting for 84% of any HAIs) were coagulase-negative staphylococci (15%), Staphylococcus aureus ( 15%), Enterococcus species (12%), Candida species (11%), Escherichia coli (10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6%), Enterobacter species (5%), Acinetobacter baumannii (3%), and Klebsiella oxytoca (2%). The pooled mean proportion of pathogenic isolates resistant to antimicrobial agents varied significantly across types of HAI for some pathogen-antimicrobial combinations. As many as 16% of all HAIs were associated with the following multidrug- resistant pathogens: methicillin-resistant S. aureus (8% of HAIs), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (4%), carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (2%), extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae (1%), extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli (0.5%), and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, and E. coli (0.5%). Nationwide, the majority of units reported no HAIs due to these antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. C1 [Edwards, Jonathan R.; Patel, Jean; Horan, Teresa C.; Sievert, Dawn M.; Pollock, Daniel A.; Fridkin, Scott K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hidron, Alicia I.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sievert, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dsievert@cdc.gov RI Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/D-4312-2016 OI Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/0000-0002-2029-7863 FU NHSN; Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We thank the NHSN participants for their ongoing efforts to monitor infections and improve patient safety, and our colleagues in the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion for their tireless support of this unique public health network.; Financial support. The NHSN surveillance system is supported by the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.; Potential conflicts of interest. All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. NR 28 TC 939 Z9 988 U1 17 U2 95 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 29 IS 11 BP 996 EP 1011 DI 10.1086/591861 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 364EB UT WOS:000260317900002 PM 18947320 ER PT J AU Schafer, MP Kujundzic, E Moss, CE Miller, SL AF Schafer, Millie P. Kujundzic, Elmira Moss, Clyde E. Miller, Shelly L. TI Method for Estimating Ultraviolet Germicidal Fluence Rates in a Hospital Room SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION; AIR; MYCOBACTERIA; TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION; EFFICACY; SPORES; NM AB BACKGROUND. Upper-room air UV germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is an effective environmental control measure for mitigating the transmission of airborne infections. Many factors influence the efficacy of an upper-room air UVGI system, including the levels and distribution of radiation. The radiation levels experienced by airborne microorganisms can be estimated by measuring the fluence rate, which is the irradiance from all angles that is incident on a small region of space. METHODS. The fluence rate can be estimated by use of a radiometer coupled to a planar detector. Measurements in 4 directions at a single point are taken and summed to estimate the fluence rate at that point. This measurement process is repeated at different sites in the room at a single height. RESULTS. In the upper air of a test room, the UV fluence rate varied at least 3-fold, with the maximum rate occurring in the immediate vicinity of the fixtures containing lamps emitting UV radiation. In the area that would be occupied by the patient and/or healthcare personnel, no significant variation occurred in the UV fluence rate for a designated height. There was no significant statistical difference between measurements obtained by different individuals, by using a different alignment, or during 5 observation periods. Lamp failures were detected on multiple occasions. CONCLUSION. This method is simple, requires no specialized training, and permits regular monitoring of the necessary UV fluence rates needed to sustain the targeted airborne microorganisms' inactivation level. Additionally, this method allowed for the detection of changes in UV fluence rates in the upper air of the simulated hospital room. C1 [Schafer, Millie P.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Kujundzic, Elmira; Miller, Shelly L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moss, Clyde E.] Corning Inc, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RP Schafer, MP (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-7, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mps3@cdc.gov FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health or of Corning Incorporated FX The mention of commercial names or products does not constitute endorsement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or by Corning Incorporated. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health or of Corning Incorporated. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1042 EP 1047 DI 10.1086/591856 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 364EB UT WOS:000260317900007 PM 18844468 ER PT J AU Yip, FY Flanders, WD Wolkin, A Engelthaler, D Humble, W Neri, A Lewis, L Backer, L Rubin, C AF Yip, Fuyuen Y. Flanders, W. Dana Wolkin, Amy Engelthaler, David Humble, William Neri, Antonio Lewis, Lauren Backer, Lorraine Rubin, Carol TI The impact of excess heat events in Maricopa County, Arizona: 2000-2005 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heat wave; Mortality; Heat index; Temperature; Air pollution ID UNITED-STATES; FRENCH CITIES; MORTALITY; TEMPERATURE; WAVE; DEATHS; MORBIDITY; CHICAGO; STRESS; LONDON AB Exposure to excess heat is preventable yet it is the primary weather-related cause of mortality in the United States. In the Southwest United States, high temperatures are common and indoor environments often have cooling devices. In summer 2005, Maricopa County, Arizona experienced a 182% increase in reported heat-related deaths in comparison to 2000-2004. We examined at-risk populations and excess mortality. We characterized heat-related deaths using descriptive and multivariate time-series analyses of county vital record data from June-September 2000-2005. Dose-response relationships for heat-related mortality and heat index were evaluated using linear and quadratic splines. From June-September, 2000-2005, 136 heat-related deaths (0.68 per 100,000) were reported; 49 (36%) occurred in 2005. In July 2005, a 14-day heat wave resulted in 28 (57%) reported deaths-a 102% increase in comparison to the same time period in 2000-2004. Decedent demographics in 2005 did not differ from previous years. The mean age of all 136 deaths was 56 years (range: 7-92 years). Of those with discernable reported injury locations, 62 (66%) were identified outdoors. Forty-eight (77%) decedents identified outdoors were < 65 years; conversely, 26 (82%) decedents who were found indoors were >= 65 years. A 6% (95% CI: 1.00-1.13) increase in mortality risk was observed for each degree (F) increase in heat index. Excess heat impacted a younger population in Maricopa County and many deaths occurred outdoors. Consecutive days of heat exposure-even among a heat-acclimated population-can increase mortality risk. Public health response activities guided by locally obtained data will better target those at risk. C1 [Yip, Fuyuen Y.; Wolkin, Amy; Lewis, Lauren; Backer, Lorraine] NCEH CDC, Div EHHE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Flanders, W. Dana] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Engelthaler, David] Translat Genom Res Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Humble, William] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Div Publ Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [Neri, Antonio] CDC, OWCD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rubin, Carol] NCZVED, OD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yip, FY (reprint author), NCEH CDC, APRHB, EHHE, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-58, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fyip@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 EI 1432-1254 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 52 IS 8 BP 765 EP 772 DI 10.1007/s00484-008-0169-0 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 363QJ UT WOS:000260281500006 PM 18607646 ER PT J AU Lederman, ER Weld, LH Elyazar, IRF von Sonnenburg, F Loutan, L Schwartz, E Keystone, JS AF Lederman, Edith R. Weld, Leisa H. Elyazar, Iqbal R. F. von Sonnenburg, Frank Loutan, Louis Schwartz, Eli Keystone, Jay S. TI Dermatologic conditions of the ill returned traveler: an analysis from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 03-07, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg DE Traveler; Skin; Dermatologic; Risk factor; Prevention ID DERMATOBIA-HOMINIS MYIASIS; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; TROPICAL COUNTRIES; SKIN PROBLEMS; INJURIES; EXPERIENCE; SPECTRUM AB Background: Skin disorders are common in travelers. Knowledge of the relative frequency of post-travel-related skin disorders, including their geographic and demographic risk factors, will allow for effective pre-travet counseling, as well as improved post-travel diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Methods: We performed a retrospective study using anonymous patient demographic, clinical, and travel-related data from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network clinics from January 1997 through February 2006. The characteristics of these travelers and their itineraries were analyzed using SAS 9.0 statistical software. Results: A skin-related diagnosis was reported for 4594 patients (18% of all patients seen in a GeoSentinel clinic after travel). The most common skin-related diagnoses were cutaneous larva migrans (CLM), insect bites including superinfected bites, skin abscess, and allergic reaction (38% of all diagnoses). Arthropod-related skin diseases accounted for 31% of all skin diagnoses. III travelers who visited countries in the Caribbean experienced the highest proportionate morbidity due to dermatologic conditions. Pediatric travelers had significantly more dog bites and CLM and fewer insect bites compared with their adult counterparts; geriatric travelers had proportionately more spotted fever and cellulitis. Conclusions: Clinicians seeing patients post-travel should be alert to classic travel-related skin diseases such as CLM as well as more mundane entities such as pyodermas and allergic reactions. To prevent and manage skin-retated morbidity during travel, international travelers should avoid direct contact with sand, soil, and animals and carry a travel kit including insect repellent, topical antifungals, and corticosteroids and, in the case of extended and/or remote travel, an oral antibiotic with ample coverage for pyogenic organisms. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. C1 [Lederman, Edith R.; Elyazar, Iqbal R. F.] USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Lederman, Edith R.; Weld, Leisa H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [von Sonnenburg, Frank] Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. [Loutan, Louis] Univ Hosp Geneva, Travel & Migrat Med Unit, Geneva, Switzerland. [Schwartz, Eli] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. [Keystone, Jay S.] Toronto Gen Hosp, Ctr Travel & Trop Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Lederman, ER (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM edith.lederman@rned.navy.mil FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU412347] NR 26 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 12 IS 6 BP 593 EP 602 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2007.12.008 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 375EM UT WOS:000261096900011 PM 18343180 ER PT J AU Marks, SM DeLuca, N Walton, W AF Marks, S. M. DeLuca, N. Walton, W. TI Knowledge, attitudes and risk perceptions about tuberculosis: US National Health Interview Survey SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; knowledge; attitudes ID UNITED-STATES AB BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) disproportionately affects the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Infected, foreign-born, Black, Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, homeless, incarcerated, alcoholic, diabetic or cancer patients, male, those aged >44 years, smokers and poor persons. METHODS: We present TB knowledge,attitudes and risk perceptions overall and for those experiencing TB disparities from the 2000-2005 US National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). RESULTS: A total of 32% of respondents said TB is curable; 44% correctly recognized that TB is transmitted by air. Persons with less knowledge about TB transmission were aged 18-24 years, alcohol abusers, educated < 12 years, Hispanics or males. Persons less likely to say TB is curable were aged 18-44 years, smokers, HIV-tested, uninsured, alcohol abusers or homeless/Incarcerated. Only 28% of foreign-born persons from Mexico/Central America/the Caribbean said TB was curable. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge about I-B transmission and curability was low among a representative US population. Renewed TB educational efforts arc needed for all populations, but should be targeted to populations disproportionately affected, especially those who are HIV-infected, homeless/incarcerated, Black, alcohol abusers, uninsured or born in Mexico/Central America/the Caribbean. C1 [Marks, S. M.; DeLuca, N.; Walton, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marks, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Smarks@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1261 EP 1267 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 369RP UT WOS:000260711900007 PM 18926035 ER PT J AU Lowrance, DW Makombe, S Harries, AD Shiraishi, RW Hochgesang, M Aberle-Grasse, J Libamba, E Schouten, E Ellerbrock, T Kamoto, K AF Lowrance, David W. Makombe, Simon Harries, Anthony D. Shiraishi, Ray W. Hochgesang, Mindy Aberle-Grasse, John Libamba, Edwin Schouten, Erik Ellerbrock, Tedd Kamoto, Kelita TI A Public Health Approach to Rapid Scale-Up of Antiretroviral Treatment in Malawi During 2004-2006 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE public health approach; antiretroviral treatment; outcomes; national; sub-Saharan Africa; survival ID RESOURCE-POOR SETTINGS; WESTERN KENYA; COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; LIMITED SETTINGS; EARLY MORTALITY; EARLY OUTCOMES; SOUTH-AFRICA; THERAPY; HIV; ADULTS AB Background: Approximately 1 million people are infected with HIV in Malawi, where AIDS is the leading cause of death in adults. By December 31, 2007, more than 14 1,000 patients were initiated on antiretroviral treatment (ART) by use of a public health approach to scale up HIV services. Methods: We analyzed national quarterly and longitudinal cohort data from October 2004 to December 2006 to examine trends in characteristics of patients initiating ART, end-of-quarter clinical outcomes, and 6- and 12-month survival probability. Findings: During a 27-month period, 72,666 patients were initiated on ART, of whom about two-thirds were women. The percentage of patients initiated on ART who were children and farmers increased from 5.5% to 9.0% and 23% to 32%, respectively (P < 0.001 for trends). Estimated survival probability ranged from 85% to 88% at 6 months and 81% to 84% at 12 months on ART. Interpretation: In Malawi, a public health approach to ART increased treatment access and maintained high 6- and 12-month survival. Resource-limited countries scaling up ART programs may benefit from this approach of simplified clinical decision making, standardized ART regimens, nonphysician care, limited laboratory support, and centralized monitoring and evaluation. C1 [Lowrance, David W.; Ellerbrock, Tedd] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS Care & Treatment Branch, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Makombe, Simon; Harries, Anthony D.; Libamba, Edwin; Schouten, Erik; Kamoto, Kelita] Minist Hlth, Clin HIV Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Harries, Anthony D.] Family Hlth Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Harries, Anthony D.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Shiraishi, Ray W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Epidemiol & Strateg Informat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hochgesang, Mindy; Aberle-Grasse, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Schouten, Erik] Management Sci Hlth, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Lowrance, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, 2657 Ave Gendermarie,POB 28, Kigali, Rwanda. EM lowranced@rw.cdc.gov NR 40 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 3 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181893ef0 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 366ML UT WOS:000260485700009 PM 18845953 ER PT J AU Hall, HI An, Q Hutchinson, AB Sansom, S AF Hall, H. Irene An, Qian Hutchinson, Angela B. Sansom, Stephanie TI Estimating the Lifetime Risk of a Diagnosis of the HIV Infection in 33 States, 2004-2005 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National HIV Prevention Conference CY DEC 02-05, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA DE HIV; lifetime risk AB Purpose: We estimated lifetime risk and age-conditional risk of being diagnosed with HIV in 33 states with name-based HIV reporting. Methods: We used vital statistics data on general and HIV-specific mortality, census data, and HIV surveillance data to calculate cross-sectional, period-specific (2004-2005), and age-specific probabilities of an HIV diagnosis. The probabilities were applied to a hypothetical cohort of 10 million live births, and estimates were derived for the lifetime risk, from birth, of being diagnosed with HIV. Results: The estimated lifetime risk of being diagnosed with HIV was 1.87% for males (95% confidence limit: 1.86 to 1.89) or 1 in 53 males and 0.71% for females (95% confidence limit: 0.70-0.72) or 1 in 141 females. Blacks and Hispanics experienced higher estimated lifetime risk of HIV than whites: 6.23% or 1 in 16 for blacks, 2.88% or 1 in 35 for Hispanics, 0.96% or 1 in 104 for white males; 3.29% or 1 in 30 for blacks, 0.88% or 1 in 114 for Hispanics, and 0.17% or 1 in 588 for white females. The highest risk of HIV diagnosis was observed among people in their 30s. Conclusions: These estimates may help to communicate the risk of HIV infection to affected communities, increase public awareness, and promote early detection and prevention efforts for HIV. C1 [Hall, H. Irene; Hutchinson, Angela B.; Sansom, Stephanie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [An, Qian] Ginn Grp Inc, Peachtree City, GA USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd N E, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ixhl@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 3 BP 294 EP 297 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181893f17 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 366ML UT WOS:000260485700010 PM 18978477 ER PT J AU Olfert, JS Kulkarni, P Wang, J AF Olfert, Jason S. Kulkarni, Pramod Wang, Jian TI Measuring aerosol size distributions with the fast integrated mobility spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aerosol size distribution; Fast response; Electrical mobility; Fast integrated mobility spectrometer ID REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT; TWOMEY ALGORITHM; LINEAR INVERSION; ANALYZER; IMPACTOR; COUNTER AB A fast integrated mobility spectrometer (FIMS) has been developed for rapid aerosol size distribution measurements including those aerosols with low particle number concentrations. In this work, an inversion routine has been developed for the FINIS and it is demonstrated that the FIMS can accurately measure aerosol size distributions. The inversion routine includes corrections for the particle residence time in the FINIS and other factors related to the width of the response (or transfer) function and multiple charging of particles. Steady-state size distributions measured with the FIMS compared well with those measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SNIPS). Experiments also show that the FIMS is able to capture the size distribution of rapidly changing aerosol populations. The total particle concentration integrated from distributions measured by the FIMS agrees well with simultaneous measurements by a condensation particle counter (CPC). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Olfert, Jason S.; Wang, Jian] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kulkarni, Pramod] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jian@bnl.gov RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-98CH10866]; Office of Global Programs of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NRMT0000-5-203]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Brookhaven Science Associates FX This work was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Department of Energy (DOE), under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10866, the Office of Global Programs of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Contract NRMT0000-5-203, and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). BNL is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute. Jason Olfert also acknowledges partial support from the Goldhaber Distinguished Fellowship from Brookhaven Science Associates. The authors also wish to acknowledge Dr. Peter Takacs for his help with the optics on the FIMS. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 39 IS 11 BP 940 EP 956 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.06.005 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 381LT UT WOS:000261538300003 ER PT J AU De Alwis, GKH Needham, LL Barr, DB AF De Alwis, G. K. Hemakanthi Needham, Larry L. Barr, Dana B. TI Determination of Dialkyl Phosphate Metabolites of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Human Urine by Automated Solid-Phase Extraction, Derivatization, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALKYL PHOSPHATES; DIALKYLPHOSPHATE METABOLITES; GENERAL-POPULATION; HUMAN EXPOSURE; INSECTICIDES; LIQUID; EXCRETION; ALKYLPHOSPHATES; CLEANUP; SAMPLES C1 [De Alwis, G. K. Hemakanthi; Needham, Larry L.; Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP De Alwis, GKH (reprint author), US FDA, FDA Ctr Vet Med, Res Off, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM hemakanthi.dealwis@ida.hhs.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); National Center for Environmental Health; Division of Laboratory Sciences FX This work was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 32 IS 9 BP 721 EP 727 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 377TK UT WOS:000261273300001 ER PT J AU Ragin, AD Crawford, KE Etheredge, AA Grainger, J Patterson, DG AF Ragin, Angela D. Crawford, Kenroy E. Etheredge, Alisha A. Grainger, James Patterson, Donald G., Jr. TI A Gas Chromatography-isotope Dilution High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Method for Quantification of Isomeric Benzo[a]pyrene Diol Epoxide Hemoglobin Adducts in Humans SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DNA-ADDUCTS; PROTEIN ADDUCTS; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS; MOLECULAR DOSIMETRY; ALBUMIN ADDUCTS; DOSE MONITOR; LUNG-TISSUE; BENZOPYRENE; EXPOSURE C1 [Ragin, Angela D.; Crawford, Kenroy E.; Etheredge, Alisha A.; Grainger, James; Patterson, Donald G., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ragin, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-53, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM aragin@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 32 IS 9 BP 728 EP 736 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 377TK UT WOS:000261273300002 PM 19021927 ER PT J AU Swaim, LL Johnson, RC Zhou, YT Sandlin, C Barr, JR AF Swaim, Leigh L. Johnson, Rudolph C. Zhou, Yingtao Sandlin, Chris Barr, John R. TI Quantification of Organophosphorus Nerve Agent Metabolites Using a Reduced-Volume, High-Throughput Sample Processing Format and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN URINE; EXPOSURE; SPECTROSCOPY; SARIN C1 [Swaim, Leigh L.; Johnson, Rudolph C.; Zhou, Yingtao; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Sandlin, Chris] Battelle Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F44, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RMJ6@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 32 IS 9 BP 774 EP 777 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 377TK UT WOS:000261273300009 PM 19021934 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JR Herrera-Leon, S Wertheim, BC Doyle, J Fields, PI Tauxe, RV Logsdon, JM AF McQuiston, J. R. Herrera-Leon, S. Wertheim, B. C. Doyle, J. Fields, P. I. Tauxe, R. V. Logsdon, J. M., Jr. TI Molecular Phylogeny of the Salmonellae: Relationships among Salmonella Species and Subspecies Determined from Four Housekeeping Genes and Evidence of Lateral Gene Transfer Events SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KAUFFMANN-WHITE SCHEME; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SUBSTITUTION-RATE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GYRB GENE; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; TYPHIMURIUM; TOPOLOGIES; EVOLUTION; INFERENCE AB The salmonellae are a diverse group of bacteria within the family Enterobacteriaceae that includes two species, Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. In order to characterize the phylogenetic relationships of the species and subspecies of Salmonella, we analyzed four housekeeping genes, gapA, phoP, mdh and recA, comprising 3,459 bp of nucleotide sequence data for each isolate sequenced. Sixty-one isolates representing the most common serotypes of the seven subspecies of Salmonella enterica and six isolates of Salmonella bongori were included in this study. We present a robust phylogeny of the Salmonella species and subspecies that clearly defines the lineages comprising diphasic and monophasic subspecies. Evidence of intersubspecies lateral gene transfer of the housekeeping gene recA, which has not previously been reported, was obtained. C1 [Wertheim, B. C.; Logsdon, J. M., Jr.] Univ Iowa, Dept Biol, Roy J Carver Ctr Comparat Gen, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [McQuiston, J. R.; Doyle, J.; Tauxe, R. V.; Logsdon, J. M., Jr.] Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [McQuiston, J. R.; Fields, P. I.; Tauxe, R. V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Herrera-Leon, S.] Inst Salud Carlos III, Lab Nacl Referencia Salmonella & Shigella, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Madrid 28220, Spain. RP Logsdon, JM (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Biol, Roy J Carver Ctr Comparat Gen, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM john-logsdon@uiowa.edu RI Logsdon, John/B-7812-2009 NR 37 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 190 IS 21 BP 7060 EP 7067 DI 10.1128/JB.01552-07 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 361ZF UT WOS:000260166900014 PM 18757540 ER PT J AU Randrianasolo, B Swezey, T Van Damme, K Khan, MR Ravelomanana, N Rabenja, NL Raharinivo, M Bell, AI Jamieson, D Behetst, F AF Randrianasolo, Bodo Swezey, Teresa Van Damme, Kathleen Khan, Maria R. Ravelomanana, Noro Rabenja, Ny Lovaniaina Raharinivo, Mbolatiana Bell, April. I. Jamieson, Denise Behetst, Frieda CA Mad STI Prevention Grp TI BARRIERS TO THE USE OF MODERN CONTRACEPTIVES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR WOMAN-CONTROLLED PREVENTION OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN MADAGASCAR SO JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FEMALE SEX WORKERS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; HIV-PREVENTION; UNMET NEED; TOPICAL MICROBICIDES; PEER EDUCATION; ACCEPTABILITY; WOMEN; TRENDS; POWER AB Globally, unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) persist as significant threats to women's reproductive health. Barriers to the use of modern contraceptives by women might inhibit uptake of novel woman-controlled methods for preventing STIs/HIV. Use of modern contraceptives and percept Ions and attitudes towards contraceptive use were investigated among women in Antananarivo, Madagascar, using qualitative research. The hypothetical acceptability of the diaphragm - a woman-controlled barrier contraceptive device that also holds promise of protecting against STIs/HIV - was assessed. Women consecutively seeking care for vaginal discharge at a public health clinic were recruited for participation In a semi-structured interview (SSI) or focus group discussion (FGD). Audio-taped SSIs and FGDs were transcribed, translated and coded for predetermined and emerging themes. Of 46 participating women, 70%, reported occasional use of male condoms, mostly for preventing pregnancy during their fertile days. Although women could name effective contraceptive methods, only 14% reported using hormonal contraception. Three barriers to use of modern contraceptives emerged: gaps in knowledge about the range of available contraceptive methods; misinformation and negative perceptions about some methods; and concern about social opposition to contraceptive C1 [Randrianasolo, Bodo; Van Damme, Kathleen; Ravelomanana, Noro; Rabenja, Ny Lovaniaina; Raharinivo, Mbolatiana] Univ N Carolina, Antananarivo, Madagascar. [Swezey, Teresa; Khan, Maria R.; Behetst, Frieda] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Van Damme, Kathleen] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jamieson, Denise; Mad STI Prevention Grp] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Randrianasolo, B (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Antananarivo, Madagascar. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU NIDA NIH HHS [T32 DA007233, T32 DA007233-25] NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-9320 J9 J BIOSOC SCI JI J. Biosoc. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 879 EP 893 DI 10.1017/S0021932007002672 PG 15 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 368ZF UT WOS:000260661600006 PM 18198005 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mokdad, AH AF Ford, Earl S. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Epidemiology of Obesity in the Western Hemisphere SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Review ID BODY-MASS INDEX; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; PUBLIC-HEALTH STRATEGIES; UNITED-STATES; US ADULTS; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SECULAR TRENDS; ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY AB Context: Obesity has emerged as a global public health challenge. The objective of this review was to examine epidemiological aspects of obesity in the Western Hemisphere. Evidence Acquisition: Using PubMed, we searched for publications about obesity ( prevalence, trends, correlates, economic costs) in countries in North America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. To the extent possible, we focused on studies that were primarily population based in design and on four countries in the Western Hemisphere: Brazil, Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Evidence Synthesis: Data compiled by the International Obesity Task Force show a substantial level of obesity in all of or selected areas of the Bahamas, Barbados, Canada, Chile, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, and Venezuela. Furthermore, countries such as Brazil, Canada, Mexico, and the United States have experienced increases in the prevalence of obesity. In many countries, the prevalence of obesity is higher among women than men and in urban areas than in rural areas. The relationship between socioeconomic status and obesity depends on the stage of economic transition. Early in the transition, the prevalence of obesity is positively related to income whereas at some point during the transition the prevalence becomes inversely related to income. Conclusions: Like other countries in the Western Hemisphere, the four countries that we focused on have experienced a rising tide of obesity. The high and increasing prevalence of obesity and its attendant comorbidities are likely to pose a serious challenge to the public health and medical care systems in these countries. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93: S1-S8, 2008) C1 [Ford, Earl S.; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Disclosure Statement: The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 115 TC 129 Z9 131 U1 4 U2 25 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 93 IS 11 SU 1 BP S1 EP S8 DI 10.1210/jc.2008-1356 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 371YQ UT WOS:000260869000001 PM 18987267 ER PT J AU Staras, SAS Flanders, WD Dollard, SC Pass, RF McGowan, JE Cannon, MJ AF Staras, Stephanie A. S. Flanders, W. Dana Dollard, Sheila C. Pass, Robert F. McGowan, John E., Jr. Cannon, Michael J. TI Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and childhood sources of infection: A population-based study among pre-adolescents in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cytomegalovirus; Nativity; Race/ethnicity; Maternal serostatus; Child care centers; Seroepidemiologic studies ID DAY-CARE CENTER; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; TRANSMISSION; VIRUS; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; ACQUISITION; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODY AB Background: Among pre-adolescents, the importance of different sources of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infecrion is unclear. Objective: To assess the importance of several CMV sources among pre-adolescent children. Study design: We used data from a United States population-based sample conducted from 1988 to 1994: 4-10-year-old participants (n=3386) of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We tested available sera for CMV-specific-IgG and assessed CMV prevalence differences by surrogates for exposure to childhood CMV Sources (maternal CMV serostatus, breast-feeding, older sibling CMV serostatus, and child care center attendance). Results: CMV infection was more prevalent (70%) among Mexican American children with foreign-born householders than among children with native-born householders (31% non-Hispanic White, 39% non-Hispanic Black, and 37% Mexican American children). Child's serostatus was associated with their mother's (prevalence difference range (PDR)=33-40%) and older sibling's serostatus (PDR=39-50%). Breast-feeding was associated with CMV in some racial/ethnic and householder groups (PDR=-5.1% to 22.7%). There was little difference in CMV seroprevalence by child care center attendance (PDR = -6.5% to -0.4%). Conclusions: This study expands understanding of CMV by identifying the importance of householder nativity and demonstrating the importance of family transmission among the general population of preadolescents. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Flanders, W. Dana] Univ Florida, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Policy, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Flanders, W. Dana; McGowan, John E., Jr.] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Dollard, Sheila C.; Cannon, Michael J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Pass, Robert F.] Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. RP Staras, SAS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Policy, POB 100177, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM sas@ehpr.ufl.edu; wflande@sph.emory.edu; Sheila.dollard@cdc.hhs.gov; rpass@peds.uab.edu; john.mcgowan@emory.edu; mrc7@cdc.gov RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010; FU CDC; National Vaccine Program Office; National Center for Infectious Diseases; U.S. Department of Energy FX This study was sponsored by the CDC and the National Vaccine Program Office. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the CDC, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC (stipend Support for S.A.S.S.). NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.07.012 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 379ME UT WOS:000261399600003 PM 18778968 ER PT J AU Heishman, H Dannenberg, AL AF Heishman, Hilary Dannenberg, Andrew L. TI Influencing the Built Environment in Your Community SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH; COUNTY C1 [Heishman, Hilary; Dannenberg, Andrew L.] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dannenberg, AL (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM adannenberg@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 71 IS 4 BP 66 EP 67 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 367YG UT WOS:000260587900009 PM 19004397 ER PT J AU Rodes, CE Pellizzari, ED Dellarco, MJ Erickson, MD Vallero, DA Reissman, DB Lioy, PJ Lippmann, M Burke, TA Goldstein, BD AF Rodes, Charles E. Pellizzari, Edo D. Dellarco, Michael J. Erickson, Mitchell D. Vallero, Daniel A. Reissman, Dori B. Lioy, Paul J. Lippmann, Morton Burke, Thomas A. Goldstein, Bernard D. TI ISEA2007 panel: Integration of better exposure characterizations into disaster preparedness for responders and the public SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE disaster; exposure assessment; personal exposure; risk AB An expert panel was convened in October 2007 at the International Society for Exposure Analysis Annual Meeting in Durham, NC, entitled "The Path Forward in Disaster Preparedness Since WTC-Exposure Characterization and Mitigation: Substantial Unfinished Business!" The panel prospectively discussed the critical exposure issues being overlooked during disaster responses and highlighted the needs for an optimal blending of exposure characterizations and hazard controls within disaster settings. The cases were made that effective and timely exposure characterizations must be applied during responses to any disaster, whether terrorist, manmade, or natural in origin. The consistent application of exposure sciences across acute and chronic disaster timelines will assure that the most effective strategies are applied to collect the needed information to guide risk characterization and management approaches. Exposure sciences must be effectively applied across all phases of a disaster (defined as rescue, reentry, recovery, and rehabitation-the four Rs) to appropriately characterize risks and guide risk-mitigation approaches. Failure to adequately characterize and control hazardous exposures increases the likelihood of excess morbidity and mortality. Advancing the infrastructure and the technologies to collect the right exposure information before, during, and immediately after disasters would advance our ability to de. ne risks and protect responders and the public better. The panel provided conclusions, recommendations, and next steps toward effective and timely integration of better exposure science into disaster preparedness, including the need for a subsequent workshop to facilitate this integration. All panel presentations and a summary were uploaded to the ISES1 website (http://www.iseaweb.org/Disaster_Preparedness/index.php). C1 [Rodes, Charles E.] RTI Int, CAT ATEEP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dellarco, Michael J.] NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Erickson, Mitchell D.] Sci & Technol Directorate, Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC USA. [Vallero, Daniel A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Reissman, Dori B.] NIOSH, CDC, Washington, DC USA. [Lioy, Paul J.] RWJMS, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Lioy, Paul J.] Rutgers Univ UMDNJ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Lippmann, Morton] NYU Med Ctr, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. [Burke, Thomas A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Goldstein, Bernard D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Rodes, CE (reprint author), RTI Int, CAT ATEEP, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,Bldg 11 Room 409, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM charlesr@rti.org RI Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005022] NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 18 IS 6 BP 541 EP 550 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.42 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 364CJ UT WOS:000260313500006 PM 18685563 ER PT J AU Johnson, N Vos, A Neubert, L Freuling, C Mansfield, KL Kaipf, I Denzinger, A Hicks, D Nunez, A Franka, R Rupprecht, CE Muller, T Fooks, AR AF Johnson, Nicholas Vos, Ad Neubert, Larissa Freuling, Conrad Mansfield, Karen L. Kaipf, Ingrid Denzinger, Annette Hicks, Dan Nunez, Alex Franka, Richard Rupprecht, Charles E. Mueller, Thomas Fooks, Anthony R. TI Experimental study of European bat lyssavirus type-2 infection in Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii) SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RABIES VIRUS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; UNITED-KINGDOM; PCR ASSAY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LANCASHIRE; VACCINE; HUMANS AB European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2) can be transmitted from Daubenton's bats to humans and cause rabies. EBLV-2 has been repeatedly isolated from Daubenton's bats in the UK but appears to be present at a low level within the native bat population. This has prompted us to investigate the disease in its natural host under experimental conditions, to assess its virulence, dissemination and likely means of transmission between insectivorous bats. With the exception of direct intracranial inoculation, only one of seven Daubenton's bats inoculated by subdermal inoculation became infected with EBLV-2. Both intramuscular and intranasal inoculation failed to infect the bats. No animal inoculated with EBLV-2 seroconverted during the study period. During infection, virus excretion in saliva (both viral RNA and live virus) was confirmed up to 3 days before the development of rabies. Disease was manifested as a gradual loss of weight prior to the development of paralysis and then death. The highest levels of virus were measured in the brain, with much lower levels of viral genomic RNA detected in the tongue, salivary glands, kidney, lung and heart. These observations are similar to those made in naturally infected Daubenton's bats and this is the first documented report of isolation of EBLV-2 in bat saliva. We conclude that EBLV-2 is most likely transmitted in saliva by a shallow bite. C1 [Johnson, Nicholas; Mansfield, Karen L.; Hicks, Dan; Nunez, Alex; Fooks, Anthony R.] Vet Labs Agcy Weybridge, Collaborating Ctr Characterisat Rabies & Rabies R, WHO, Rabies & Wildlife Zoonoses Grp, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. [Vos, Ad; Neubert, Larissa] IDT Biol GmbH, D-06861 Dessau Rosslau, Germany. [Freuling, Conrad; Mueller, Thomas] Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Friedrich Loeffler Inst, WHO Collaborating Ctr Rabies Surveillance & Res, Inst Epidemiol, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany. [Kaipf, Ingrid; Denzinger, Annette] Univ Tubingen, Inst Zool, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Franka, Richard; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Johnson, N (reprint author), Vet Labs Agcy Weybridge, Collaborating Ctr Characterisat Rabies & Rabies R, WHO, Rabies & Wildlife Zoonoses Grp, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. EM n.johnson2@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk RI Nunez Castel, Alejandro/C-2560-2011; Johnson, Nicholas/B-4654-2011; Hicks, Daniel/C-6700-2011; Mansfield, Karen/D-8399-2011; Fooks, Anthony/F-5418-2010; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 OI Johnson, Nicholas/0000-0002-6106-9373; FU Defra [SE0524, SE0528]; German Ministry of Nutrition, Agriculture and Consumer Protection FX We would like to thank Maneuela Wieczorek and Ulrike Bley (IDT Biologika GmB) and Jeannette Kliemt and Astrid Schameitat (FLI) for their excellent technical assistance during this project. We also thank Professors Paul Racey (Aberdeen University) and Gareth Jones (Bristol University) for their helpful discussion on study design, Robin Sayers (VLA) for assistance with statistical analysis and Dr Ivan Kuzmin (CDC, Atlanta) for helpful discussion of the manuscript. This project was jointly funded by Defra (grants SE0524 and SE0528) and by the German Ministry of Nutrition, Agriculture and Consumer Protection. NR 45 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 89 BP 2662 EP 2672 DI 10.1099/vir.0.2008/003889-0 PN 11 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 372ES UT WOS:000260885500002 PM 18931061 ER PT J AU Njenga, MK Nderitu, L Ledermann, JP Ndirangu, A Logue, CH Kelly, CHL Sang, R Sergon, K Breiman, R Powers, AM AF Njenga, M. Kariuki Nderitu, L. Ledermann, J. P. Ndirangu, A. Logue, C. H. Kelly, C. H. L. Sang, R. Sergon, K. Breiman, R. Powers, A. M. TI Tracking epidemic Chikungunya virus into the Indian Ocean from East Africa SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REUNION ISLAND; TRAVELERS; INFECTION; REEMERGENCE; FEVER; SEROPREVALENCE; OUTBREAK AB The largest documented outbreak of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) disease occurred in the Indian Ocean islands and India during 2004-2007. The magnitude of this outbreak led to speculation that a new variant of the virus had emerged that was either more virulent or more easily transmitted by mosquito vectors. To study this assertion, it is important to know the origin of the virus and how the particular strain circulating during the outbreak is related to other known strains. This study genetically characterized isolates of CHIKV obtained from Mombasa and Lamu Island, Kenya, during 2004, as well as strains from the 2005 outbreak recorded in Comoros. The results of these analyses demonstrated that the virus responsible for the epidemic that spread through the Indian Ocean originated in coastal Kenya during 2004 and that the closest known ancestors are members of the Central/East African clade. Genetic elements that may be responsible for the scope of the outbreak were also identified. C1 [Ledermann, J. P.; Logue, C. H.; Kelly, C. H. L.; Powers, A. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Njenga, M. Kariuki; Breiman, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emerging Infect Program Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Nderitu, L.; Ndirangu, A.; Sang, R.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Powers, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM APowers@cdc.gov FU NIH [U54 AI-65357] FX The authors wish to thank Clayton Onyango, Sam Konongoi, Victor Ofula, Victor Omballa and Solomon Gikundi for technical assistance. This work was supported in part by NIH grant U54 AI-65357. NR 26 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 89 BP 2754 EP 2760 DI 10.1099/vir.0.2008/005413-0 PN 11 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 372ES UT WOS:000260885500013 ER PT J AU Zaloshnja, E Miller, T Langlois, JA Selassie, AW AF Zaloshnja, Eduard Miller, Ted Langlois, Jean A. Selassie, Anbesaw W. TI Prevalence of Long-Term Disability From Traumatic Brain Injury in the Civilian Population of the United States, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE life expectancy; long-term disability; long-term disability incidence; long-term disability prevalence; traumatic brain injury ID MODEL SYSTEMS; HOSPITALIZATION; MORTALITY; MATRIX AB To estimate the prevalence of long-term disability associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the civilian population of the United States. Methods: We first estimated how many people experienced long-term disability from TBI each year in the past 70 years. Then, accounting for the increased mortality among TBI surviors, we estimated their life expectancy and calculated how many were expected to be alive in 2005. Results: An estimated 1.1 % of the US civilian population or 3.17 million people (95% CI: 3.02-3.32 million) were living with a long-term disability from TBI at the beginning of 2005. Under less conservative assumptions about TBI's impact on lifespan, this estimate is 3.32 million (95% CI: 3.16-3.48 million). Conclusion: Substantial long-term disability occurs among the US civilians hospitalized with a TBI. C1 [Zaloshnja, Eduard; Miller, Ted] Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Langlois, Jean A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Selassie, Anbesaw W.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Zaloshnja, E (reprint author), Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, 11720 Beltsville Dr,Suite 900, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM zaloshnja@pire.org NR 15 TC 175 Z9 177 U1 2 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 394 EP 400 DI 10.1097/01.HTR.0000341435.52004.ac PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 379WZ UT WOS:000261428300005 PM 19033832 ER PT J AU Walter, ND Grant, GB Bandy, U Alexander, NE Winchell, JM Jordan, HT Sejvar, JJ Hicks, LA Gifford, DR Alexander, NT Thurman, KA Schwartz, SB Dennehy, PH Khetsuriani, N Fields, BS Dillon, MT Erdman, DD Whitney, CG Moore, MR AF Walter, Nicholas D. Grant, Gavin B. Bandy, Utpala Alexander, Nicole E. Winchell, Jonas M. Jordan, Hannah T. Sejvar, James J. Hicks, Lauri A. Gifford, David R. Alexander, Nicole T. Thurman, Kathleen A. Schwartz, Stephanie B. Dennehy, Penelope H. Khetsuriani, Nino Fields, Barry S. Dillon, Michael T. Erdman, Dean D. Whitney, Cynthia G. Moore, Matthew R. TI Community outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: School-based cluster of neurologic disease associated with household transmission of respiratory illness SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID AZITHROMYCIN PROPHYLAXIS; TRACT INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIC; CHILDREN; FAMILIES; ADULTS; UNIVERSITY; DIAGNOSIS; STUDENTS; HEALTH AB Background. We investigated an outbreak of severe neurologic disease and pneumonia that occurred among students at 4 schools in Rhode Island. Methods. We identified cases of encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and pneumonia that occurred among schoolchildren from 1 September 2006 through 9 February 2007, and we performed serologic tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and culture for the detection of multiple pathogens in oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal specimens. Students with positive results of M. pneumoniae IgM serologic testing and no alternative diagnosis were considered to be infected with M. pneumoniae. At school A, we used questionnaires to identify students and their household contacts who made visits to physicians for pneumonia and cough. We compared observed and expected rates of pneumonia. Results. Rates of pneumonia among elementary students (122 cases/1000 student-years) were >5-fold higher than expected. Three students had encephalitis or encephalomyelitis, and 76 had pneumonia. Of these 2 groups of students, 2 (66%) and 57 students (75%), respectively, had M. pneumoniae infection. M. pneumoniae was detected by PCR in 10 students with pneumonia; 5 of these specimens were cultured, and M. pneumoniae was isolated in 4. Of 202 households of students attending school A, 20 (10%) accounted for 61% of visits to physicians for pneumonia or cough. Of 19 household contacts of students with pneumonia, 8 (42%) developed pneumonia and 6 (32%) reported visits for cough. Conclusions. M. pneumoniae caused a community-wide outbreak of cough illness and pneumonia and was associated with the development of life-threatening neurologic disease. Although M. pneumoniae was detected in schools, its transmission in households amplified the outbreak. Interrupting household transmission should be a priority during future outbreaks. C1 [Walter, Nicholas D.; Grant, Gavin B.; Jordan, Hannah T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Walter, Nicholas D.; Grant, Gavin B.; Winchell, Jonas M.; Jordan, Hannah T.; Alexander, Nicole T.; Thurman, Kathleen A.; Schwartz, Stephanie B.; Fields, Barry S.; Whitney, Cynthia G.; Moore, Matthew R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sejvar, James J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sejvar, James J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Khetsuriani, Nino; Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dillon, Michael T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bandy, Utpala; Gifford, David R.] Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Alexander, Nicole E.; Hicks, Lauri A.; Dennehy, Penelope H.] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Walter, ND (reprint author), Sch Med 5525, Div Pulm Sci & Crit Care Med, Campus Box 272,4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80222 USA. EM nicholas.walter@uchsc.edu OI Grant, Gavin/0000-0002-3271-5735; Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 NR 50 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 9 BP 1365 EP 1374 DI 10.1086/592281 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 360AU UT WOS:000260030200017 PM 18808334 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Holmes, JL Schotthoefer, AM Vetter, SM Montenieri, JA Gage, KL AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Holmes, Jennifer L. Schotthoefer, Anna M. Vetter, Sara M. Montenieri, John A. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Demonstration of Early-Phase Transmission of Yersinia pestis by the Mouse Flea, Aetheca wagneri (Siphonaptera: Ceratophylidae), and Implications for the Role of Deer Mice as Enzootic Reservoirs SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aetheca wagneri; Yersinia pestis; Peromyscus maniculatus; plague; deer mice ID TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS; PLAGUE EPIZOOTICS; XENOPSYLLA-CHEOPIS; UNBLOCKED FLEAS; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; VECTORS; RODENTS; EFFICIENCY; MAMMALS AB The role of deer to ice and other species of Peromyscus as enzootic reservoirs for plague remains controversial. In this study, we evaluated early-phase vector efficiency of At-theca wagneri Baker, a common flea species infesting deer mice, to determine the likelihood that Y. pestis could be spread mouse to mouse by this species. We showed that A. wagneri could transmit plague bacteria to laboratory mice as early as 3 d postinfection (p.i.) but transmission efficiency was quite low (1.03%; 95% CI: 0.19-3.34%) 1-4 d p.i. compared with that for the established plague vector Oropsylla montana Baker (10.63%; 95% CI: 4.18-25.91). Using this early-phase transmission efficiency estimate, we determined through parameterization of a simple predictive model that at lease 68 A. wagneri per deer mouse would be required to support levels of transmission adequate for enzootic maintenance. Because deer mice typically harbor fewer than three A. wagneri per host, our data do not support the notion of an independent deer mouse-A. wagneri transmission cycle. C1 [Eisen, Rebecca J.; Holmes, Jennifer L.; Schotthoefer, Anna M.; Vetter, Sara M.; Montenieri, John A.; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Enter & Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Enter & Vector Borne Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1160 EP 1164 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[1160:DOETOY]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 368ZA UT WOS:000260661000026 PM 19058643 ER PT J AU Morales-Betoulle, ME Pineda, MLM Sosa, SM Panella, N Lopez, MR Cordon-Rosales, C Komar, N Powers, A Johnson, BW AF Morales-Betoulle, M. E. Monzon Pineda, M. L. Sosa, S. M. Panella, N. Lopez, M. R. Cordon-Rosales, C. Komar, N. Powers, A. Johnson, B. W. TI Culex Flavivirus Isolates from Mosquitoes in Guatemala SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flavivirus; Culex quinquefasciatus; insect flavivirus; Guatemala ID FUSING AGENT VIRUS; INSECT FLAVIVIRUS AB A new strain of Culex flavivirus (family Flaviviridae, genes Flavivirus, CxFV), an insect virus first described in Japan, was isolated front adult Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in 2006 front Izabal Department on the Caribbean coast of Guatemala. Mosquito pools were assayed for flavivirus RNA by using flavivirus group-specific printers that amplified a 720-bp region of the nonstructural (NS) 5 gene by standard reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. From 210 pools (1,699 mosquitoes), eight tested positive, and six of these mosquito pools produced virus isolates in Aedes albopictus Skuse C6/36 cells. Nucleotide sequence comparison of the eight flavivirus RNA-positive pools showed that there was 100% identity among them, and phylogenetic analysis of the NS5 and envelope gene regions indicated that they represent a strain of the recently described CxFV from Japan. This is the first report of an insect flavivirus from Central America. C1 [Morales-Betoulle, M. E.; Monzon Pineda, M. L.; Sosa, S. M.; Lopez, M. R.; Cordon-Rosales, C.] Univ Valle Guatemala, CDC CAP, Ctr Estudios Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Panella, N.; Komar, N.; Powers, A.; Johnson, B. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Morales-Betoulle, ME (reprint author), Univ Valle Guatemala, CDC CAP, Ctr Estudios Salud, 11 Calle 15-79 Zona 15,Vista Hermosa 3, Guatemala City, Guatemala. EM emorales@gt.cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU021236-01] NR 11 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1190 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[1187:CFIFMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 368ZA UT WOS:000260661000030 PM 19058647 ER PT J AU Kalman, L Barker, S Bridges, C Buller, A Caggana, M DiAntonio, L Highsmith, WE Holtegaard, LM Rohlfs, EM Tarleton, J Toji, L Pratt, VM AF Kalman, L. Barker, S. Bridges, C. Buller, A. Caggana, M. DiAntonio, L. Highsmith, W. E. Holtegaard, L. M. Rohlfs, E. M. Tarleton, J. Toji, L. Pratt, V. M. TI Development of Genomic DNA Reference Materials for Cystic Fibrosis Genetic Testing SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2008 CL Grapevine, TX SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Kalman, L.; Barker, S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst NCPDCID, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bridges, C.] Mission St Josephs Hlth Syst, Asheville, NC USA. [Buller, A.] Quest Diagnost, Mol Diagnost, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. [Caggana, M.; DiAntonio, L.] New York State Dept Hlth Wadsworth Ctr, Dept Genet Disorders, Albany, NY USA. [Highsmith, W. E.; Holtegaard, L. M.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Genet Mol Lab, Rochester, MN USA. [Rohlfs, E. M.] Genzyme Genet, Westborough, MA USA. [Tarleton, J.] Mission St Josephs Hlth Syst, Fullerton Genet Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Toji, L.] Coriell Cell Repositories, Nucle Acids Biochem Lab, Camden, NJ USA. [Pratt, V. M.] Quest Diagnost Nichols Inst, Chantilly, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 568 EP 568 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 367DV UT WOS:000260533600024 ER PT J AU Barker, S Bossler, AD Schneider, E Kalman, L AF Barker, S. Bossler, A. D. Schneider, E. Kalman, L. TI New Foci for the Genetic Testing Reference Material (GeT-RM) Program: Molecular Oncology and Infectious Disease SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2008 CL Grapevine, TX SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Barker, S.; Kalman, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, NCPDCID, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bossler, A. D.] U Iowa Coll Med, Iowa City, IA USA. [Schneider, E.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 597 EP 597 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 367DV UT WOS:000260533600159 ER PT J AU Mei, ZG Ogden, CL Flegal, KM Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Mei, Zuguo Ogden, Cynthia L. Flegal, Katherine M. Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. TI Comparison of the Prevalence of Shortness, Underweight, and Overweight among US Children Aged 0 to 59 Months by Using the CDC 2000 and the WHO 2006 Growth Charts SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID STANDARDS; INFANTS AB Objective To compare the prevalence of shortness, underweight, and overweight by using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000 and the World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 growth charts. These comparisons are, undertaken with 2 sets of cutoff Study design Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 were used to calculate the, prevalence estimates in US children aged 0 to 59 months (n = 3920). Cutoff values commonly used in the United States on the basis of the 5th percentile of height-for-age to define shortness, the 5th percentile of weight-for-height of weight-for-age to define underweight, and the 95th percentile of weight-for-height or body mass index-for-age to definte overweight were compared with the cutoff values recommended by WHO, which use -> 2 z-score (equivalent to 2.3rd( percentile) to define shortness and underweight and >= 2 z-score (equivalent to 97.7th percentile) to define overweight A comparison with the same cutoff values (5th and 95th) in the 2 charts was also performed. Results Applying the 5th or 95th percentile, we observed a higher prevalence of shortness and overweight for all the age, groups when the WHO 2006 growth charts were used than when the CDC 2000 growth charts were used. Applying the id percentile to the WHO 2006 charts produced lower rates of underweight than did the CDC 2000 charts. However, applying, the 5th or 95th percentiles to the CDC 2000 charts and the WHO-recommended cutoff values of -2 or +2 z-score to the WHO( charts produced smaller differences in the prevalence of shortness and overweight than were seen when the 5th and 95th percentiles were applied to both the CDC and WHO charts. Conclusions 0 to S9 months vary by the chart used and the cutoff values applied. The use of the 5th when the CDC growth charts and the 2.3rd and 97.7th percentiles for and 95th percentage the WHO growth charts appear comparable in the prevalence of shortness and overweight, but not underweight. If practitioners were to use the WHO growth charts, it might lie more appropriate to adopt the WHO recommended cutoff values is well. but this would be a change for office practice. (J Pediatr 2008,,153:622-8) C1 [Mei, Zuguo; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.] CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ogden, Cynthia L.; Flegal, Katherine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Mei, ZG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailsto K-25,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zmei@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 20 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 J9 J PEDIATR JI J. Pediatr. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 153 IS 5 BP 622 EP 628 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.05.048 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 372EC UT WOS:000260883600011 PM 18619613 ER PT J AU Beck, AL Cabrera, L Pan, WKY Cama, V Friedland, JS Ghatei, MA Bloom, SR Lews, J Gilman, RH AF Beck, Amy L. Cabrera, Lilia Pan, William K. Y. Cama, Vitaliano Friedland, Jon S. Ghatei, Mohammad A. Bloom, Stephen R. Lews, Judy Gilman, Robert H. TI Peptide YY: A Gut Hormone Associated with Anorexia during Infectious Diarrhea in Children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SICKNESS BEHAVIOR; FOOD-INTAKE; RURAL BANGLADESH; PERUVIAN CHILDREN; DIETARY-INTAKE; GROWTH; APPETITE; DISEASE; INFANTS AB Objective To evaluate the effects of diarrhea on appetite among Peruvian children age 12 to 71 months and to assess whether elevated plasma levels of peptide YY tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-1 beta contribute to anorexia in this population. Study design A total of 46 Peruvian children with diarrhea and 46 healthy controls underwent an observed feeding trial that was repeated when cases were healthy. Blood samples were obtained from 30 cases and 30 controls at the first trial and from 30 cases at the second trial and assayed for peptide YY, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta. Results In the cases, mean consumption was less when sick than when healthy. The mean plasma level of peptide YY was higher for cases than controls and higher for cases when sick than when healthy. TNF-a levels were higher in cases than controls at visit 1. and also higher in cases when sick than when healthy. There were no differences in IL-1 beta levels between cases and controls or between cases when sick and healthy. Peptide YY levels in children with diarrhea correlated with the likelihood of them cating less when sick than when healthy. Conclusions Elevated serum peptide YY may be a mechanism for anorexia in children with diarrhea. (J Pediatr 2008:153:677-82) C1 [Beck, Amy L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Cabrera, Lilia] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Cabrera, Lilia] AB PRISMA, Lima, Peru. [Pan, William K. Y.; Gilman, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Cama, Vitaliano] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Friedland, Jon S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immun, London, England. [Ghatei, Mohammad A.; Bloom, Stephen R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Metab Med, London, England. [Lews, Judy] Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Farmington, CT 06032 USA. RP Beck, AL (reprint author), 114 Warren Dr,3, San Francisco, CA 94131 USA. EM BeckA@peds.ucsf.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [T35 AI007646]; NICHD NIH HHS [K01 HD055415] NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 153 IS 5 BP 677 EP 682 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.04.065 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 372EC UT WOS:000260883600025 PM 18571670 ER PT J AU Lee, KK Rutt, CD Sharma, A Pratt, M Flesch, J Maynard, LM Kennedy, K Adams, P Kohl, HW AF Lee, Karen K. Rutt, Candace D. Sharma, Andrea Pratt, Michael Flesch, Judd Maynard, L. Michele Kennedy, Keri Adams, Peggy Kohl, Harold W., III TI Conducting Environmental Assessments for Physical Activity: Determining Traffic Volume in Walkability Audits in Two West Virginia Communities SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE environment; instrument psychometrics; measurement AB Background: In this article, we examine the possibility of reducing time to conduct traffic volume audits through (1) reducing time for manual traffic counting and (2) using Department of Transportation (DOT) information. Methods: In audits of 824 road segments in 2 West Virginia (WV) communities, manual traffic counts were recorded for 1, 2, and 5 minutes in duration. Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) was calculated from counts. Available AADT from DOT was also collected. Percent agreement and a weighted kappa were calculated between 5-minute count and 1- and 2-minute count AADT categories and between 5-minute count and DOT AADT categories. Results: One-and 2-minute counts produced identical AADT categories as 5-minute counts in 93.4% and 95.0% of segments, respectively. Weighted kappa was 0.79 (95% CI = 0.74-0.85) and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.80-0.89), respectively. Forty-two segments (5.1%) had DOT data. Conclusions: DOT AADT was available for a small percentage of road segments assessed. The high agreement between AADT categories produced by 1-and 2-minute counts and 5-minute counts makes it reasonable to consider using 1- or 2-minute manual traffic counts if time or staffing constraints make it necessary. Possible generalizability of this methodology to other communities, particularly larger urban and suburban areas, will require further research. C1 [Lee, Karen K.; Rutt, Candace D.; Sharma, Andrea; Pratt, Michael; Flesch, Judd; Maynard, L. Michele; Kohl, Harold W., III] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kennedy, Keri; Adams, Peggy] W Virginia Hlth Dept, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. RP Lee, KK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Sharma, Andrea/0000-0003-0385-0011 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 909 EP 917 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V18PB UT WOS:000208015600011 PM 19164824 ER PT J AU McGeehin, MA AF McGeehin, Michael A. TI National Environmental Public Health Tracking Program: Providing Data for Sound Public Health Decisions SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McGeehin, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 505 EP 506 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 365IL UT WOS:000260399100001 PM 18849769 ER PT J AU Charleston, AE Wall, P Kassinger, C Edwards, PO AF Charleston, Alex E. Wall, Patrick Kassinger, Craig Edwards, Peter O. TI Implementing the Environmental Public Health Tracking Network: Accomplishments, Challenges, and Directions SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE informatics; information system; surveillance system; EPHT Network ID DATA QUERY SYSTEMS; INFORMATION; SURVEILLANCE; ISSUES AB An effective environmental public health surveillance system utilizes health hazard, exposure, and health outcome data to provide public health professionals a picture of the relationship between the environment and health. The environmental monitoring and the health and hazard exposure surveillance systems that currently exist are generally not compatible with one another. There exists a lack of common standards in how data are collected, including where data are collected, the frequency of collection, the characteristics collected, and data formats. Among other uses, the Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT) Network will address weaknesses and gaps associated with utilizing and linking these types of data. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's EPHT Program has engaged several interdisciplinary partners to help in developing requirements and to identify functionalities to be included in the network. In working toward implementation, EPHT specialists and the partners have begun to develop several major components and address several challenges. C1 [Charleston, Alex E.; Wall, Patrick; Kassinger, Craig; Edwards, Peter O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Charleston, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acharleston@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 507 EP 514 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 365IL UT WOS:000260399100002 PM 18849770 ER PT J AU Charleston, AE Banerjee, A Carande-Kulis, VG AF Charleston, Alex E. Banerjee, Anyana Carande-Kulis, Vilma G. TI Measuring Success: The Case for Calculating the Return on Investment of Environmental Public Health Tracking SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE health economics; public health; return on investment; surveillance AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT) Program has funded multiple partners to develop a nationwide surveillance system that focuses on the environment and its impact on human health. To show that investing in a nationwide EPHT Network is a sound practice, the program must demonstrate that monetized improvements to the public's health due to tracking outweigh the costs. In the process of developing capacity for the EPHT Network, programs have had a positive impact on the public health. Results from successful programs can be used to estimate financial measures of the EPHT performance, such as net present value, return on investment, and payback period. The estimation of such measures for the EPHT requires an understanding of the economic elements for analysis in the context of surveillance systems. A quantitative assessment must take into account elements that are difficult to measure and value. By performing a return on investment, a financial measure of program performance, the expected costs and potential benefits of individual projects need to be assessed and compared with the current cost burden of the health condition. C1 [Charleston, Alex E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Publ Hlth Tracking Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Carande-Kulis, Vilma G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Res, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Charleston, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Publ Hlth Tracking Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 600 EP 604 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 365IL UT WOS:000260399100014 PM 18849782 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Mueller, TE AF Anderson, John E. Mueller, Trisha E. TI Trends in Sexual Risk Behavior and Unprotected Sex Among High School Students, 1991-2005: The Role of Substance Use SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE drugs; alcohol; reproductive health; risk behaviors ID UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ADULTS; DRUG-USE; ADOLESCENTS; ALCOHOL; ASSOCIATION AB OBJECTIVES: To determine the trends in sexual activity and unprotected sex among substance-using youth, we examined data from the 1991-2005 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys on drug and alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors. METHOD: We examined the association of alcohol and illicit drug use with recent sexual activity and unprotected sex. We assessed linear trends in behaviors and assessed logistic regression models to examine the relationship of alcohol and illicit drug use on trends in the behavioral outcomes. RESULTS: Strong associations exist between recent sexual activity and alcohol and illicit drug use from 1991 to 2005. In the multivariate model, the odds ratio of having sex in the past 3 months for lifetime illicit drug users compared with nonusers was 3.84 (CI = 3.48-4.23). Among past-month alcohol users compared to nonusers, the odds ratio was 3.23 (CI = 2.93-3.58). Overall, the trend in sexual activity was downward but not for users of alcohol and illicit drugs. Among the sexually active, unprotected sex was not associated with alcohol use over this time period but was associated with illicit drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Illicit drug and alcohol use have a strong association with being recently sexually active. Trends in reported sexual activity declined during 1991-2005, but the trends among alcohol and drug users have not. Many youth remain at dual risk from both substance use and sexual behaviors. C1 [Anderson, John E.; Mueller, Trisha E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jea1@cdc.gov; tmueller@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 BP 575 EP 580 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00348.x PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 358IA UT WOS:000259909100003 PM 18844809 ER PT J AU MacLeod, JBA Hungerford, DW Dunn, C Hartzler, B AF MacLeod, Jana B. A. Hungerford, Daniel W. Dunn, Chris Hartzler, Bryan TI Evaluation of Training of Surgery Interns to Perform Brief Alcohol Interventions for Trauma Patients SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID INJURY; DRINKING; RISK AB BACKGROUND: Because nearly half of injured patients admitted to trauma centers misuse alcohol, the American College of Surgeons has required that Level I trauma centers have a mechanism for providing brief bedside counseling interventions (BI) to patients with alcohol problems. We hypothesized that with minimal training, surgical interns could become proficient at performing BI. STUDY DESIGN: First-year surgical interns were trained in an 8-hour BI workshop. A group of first-year medicine interns who were not trained in BI served as the comparison group. BI skills of both groups were assessed before and 5 weeks after this training using simulated interviews with standardized patient actors trained to depict a scenario of a challenging patient with an alcohol problem. Audiotapes of those interviews were rated by trained, blinded coders. RESULTS: Before the training, both groups demonstrated similar BI skill levels. Compared with the control group, after training, the surgical interns showed marked improvements in BI skills, including more frequently giving patients feedback on their blood alcohol concentration results (p = 0.000), providing guidelines for low-risk drinking (p = 0.000), offering patients more than 1 change option (p = 0.000), asking permission to discuss drinking (p = 0.003), and offering patients hope and encouragement (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: After training, surgery interns effectively demonstrated BI skills when challenged to do so in a standardized patient actor scenario. This model of intern screening and brief intervention training constitutes a viable alternative for trauma centers as they look for options to meet the American College of Surgeons' new requirement to provide BI for trauma patients with alcohol problems. Future research should further evaluate surgical interns' ability to routinely implement these skills in their daily clinical environments. (J Am Coll Surg 2008;207:639-645. (C) 2008 by the American College of Surgeons) C1 [MacLeod, Jana B. A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Hungerford, Daniel W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Injury Response, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dunn, Chris] Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hartzler, Bryan] Univ Washington, Inst Alcohol & Drug Abuse, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP MacLeod, JBA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. FU American Trauma Society FX This Study was funded by a grant from the American Trauma Society. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 207 IS 5 BP 639 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.06.327 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 372SI UT WOS:000260921700003 PM 18954774 ER PT J AU Albright, A AF Albright, Ann TI Biological and Social Exposures in Youth Set the Stage for Premature Chronic Diseases SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; US CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDHOOD; AGE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Albright, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aalbright@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 108 IS 11 BP 1843 EP 1845 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.09.017 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 368LK UT WOS:000260622400009 PM 18954573 ER PT J AU Houston, DK Schwartz, AV Cauley, JA Tylavsky, FA Simonsick, EM Harris, TB de Rekeneire, N Schwartz, GG Kritchevsky, SB AF Houston, Denise K. Schwartz, Ann V. Cauley, Jane A. Tylavsky, Frances A. Simonsick, Eleanor M. Harris, Tamara B. de Rekeneire, Nathalie Schwartz, Gary G. Kritchevsky, Stephen B. CA Health Aging & Body Composition TI Serum Parathyroid Hormone Levels Predict Falls in Older Adults with Diabetes Mellitus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE PTH; falls; physical performance ID VITAMIN-D STATUS; COMMUNITY-DWELLING WOMEN; MUSCLE STRENGTH; NURSING-HOME; CYSTATIN-C; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; BLACK-WOMEN; RISK; INJURIES AB To examine the association between serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and incident falls in older adults with diabetes mellitus. Longitudinal analysis of incident falls over 1 year in a substudy of participants with diabetes mellitus in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Memphis, Tennessee. Well-functioning, community-dwelling black and white adults aged 70 to 79 with diabetes mellitus (N=472). Measured baseline serum PTH. Self-report of falls over the subsequent 12 months. Baseline physical performance and self-reported demographic, behavioral, and health status measures including kidney function, chronic conditions, and medication use. One-third (30.3%) of participants reported falling over 1 year of follow-up. Mean baseline serum PTH was 53.5 +/- 30.0 pg/mL in nonfallers and 62.6 +/- 46.2 pg/mL in fallers (P=.01). For every 1 standard deviation (36 pg/mL) increment in baseline serum PTH, there was approximately a 30% greater likelihood of reporting a fall in the subsequent year, after adjusting for age, sex, race, field center, alcohol consumption, body mass index, physical activity, and winter or spring season (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-1.59). Further adjustment for kidney function, chronic conditions, medication and supplement use, and physical performance attenuated the association slightly (aOR=1.26, 95% CI=1.01-1.58). A trend remained after additional adjustment for reported falls in the previous year. Higher serum PTH was associated with incident falls in older, well-functioning men and women with diabetes mellitus. Further investigation aimed at understanding the underlying mechanism for the association between serum PTH and falls is needed. C1 [Houston, Denise K.; Schwartz, Gary G.; Kritchevsky, Stephen B.] Wake Forest Univ, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med,Sect Gerontol & Geriatr Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Schwartz, Ann V.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostatist, San Francisco, CA USA. [Cauley, Jane A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Tennessee Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN USA. [Harris, Tamara B.] Natl Inst Aging, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Inst Aging, Clin Res Branch, Baltimore, MD USA. [de Rekeneire, Nathalie] Div Diabet Translat, Centers Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Houston, Denise K.; Kritchevsky, Stephen B.] Wake Forest Univ, Sticht Ctr Aging, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Schwartz, Ann V.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Schwartz, Gary G.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Canc Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Cauley, Jane A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Tylavsky, Frances A.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Harris, Tamara B.] NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Simonsick, Eleanor M.] NIA, Clin Res Branch, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [de Rekeneire, Nathalie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Houston, DK (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med,Sect Gerontol & Geriatr Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM dhouston@wfubmc.edu RI Cauley, Jane/N-4836-2015; OI Cauley, Jane/0000-0003-0752-4408; Kritchevsky, Stephen/0000-0003-3336-6781 FU Merck Company; Eli Lilly Company; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals; Novartis Pharmaceuticals FX Jane A. Cauley has received research support from Merck & Company, Eli Lilly & Company, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, and Novartis Pharmaceuticals. She has also received consulting fees from Eli Lilly & Company and Novartis Pharmaceuticals. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-8614 EI 1532-5415 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 56 IS 11 BP 2027 EP 2032 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01966.x PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 374SS UT WOS:000261064600006 PM 19016936 ER PT J AU Benoit, SR Nsa, W Richards, CL Bratzler, DW Shefer, AM Steele, LM Jernigan, JA AF Benoit, Stephen R. Nsa, Wato Richards, Chesley L. Bratzler, Dale W. Shefer, Abigail M. Steele, Lynn M. Jernigan, John A. TI Factors Associated with Antimicrobial Use in Nursing Homes: A Multilevel Model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE nursing homes; antimicrobial use; infection ID LONG-TERM-CARE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; ANTIBIOTIC USE; DATA SET; FACILITIES; BRONCHITIS; COLDS AB To describe antimicrobial prescribing patterns in nursing homes. Retrospective, observational study. Total of 73 nursing homes in four U.S. states; study period was from September 1, 2001, through February 28, 2002. Four thousand seven hundred eighty nursing home residents. Number and type of antimicrobials, indication for their use, and resident and facility factors associated with antimicrobial use in nursing homes. Of 4,780 residents, 2,017 (42%) received one or more antibiotic courses. Overall, residents received a mean of 4.8 courses/1,000 resident-days (mean facility range 0.4-23.5). In multivariable analysis, higher probability of nursing home discharge and of being categorized in the rehabilitation, extensive services, special care, or clinically complex Resource Utilization Groups were associated with higher rates of antimicrobial usage. Three drug classes accounted for nearly 60% of antimicrobial courses-fluoroquinolones (38%), first-generation cephalosporins (11%), and macrolides (10%). The most common conditions for which antimicrobials were prescribed were respiratory tract (33%) and urinary tract (32%) infections. Antibiotic use is variable in nursing homes. Targeting educational and other antimicrobial use interventions to the treatment of certain clinical diagnoses and conditions may be an appropriate strategy for optimizing antimicrobial use in this setting. C1 [Benoit, Stephen R.; Richards, Chesley L.; Steele, Lynn M.; Jernigan, John A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Shefer, Abigail M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Nsa, Wato; Bratzler, Dale W.] Oklahoma Fdn Med Qual, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Benoit, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-51, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM SBenoit@cdc.gov FU CMS FX The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The analyses upon which this publication is based were performed in part under Contract 500-02-OK03, funded by CMS, an agency of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U. S. government. The author assumes full responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the ideas presented. Publication No. 4-580-OK-1207. NR 21 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 56 IS 11 BP 2039 EP 2044 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01967.x PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 374SS UT WOS:000261064600008 PM 19016937 ER PT J AU Marsteller, JA Tiggle, RB Remsburg, RE Bardenheier, B Shefer, A Han, B AF Marsteller, Jill A. Tiggle, Ronald B. Remsburg, Robin E. Bardenheier, Barbara Shefer, Abigail Han, Beth TI Pneumococcal Vaccination in Nursing Homes: Does Race Make a Difference? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Vaccination; nursing homes; race; pneumococcal disease ID ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; CARE; INFLUENZA; DISPARITIES; PNEUMONIA; RATES AB Objectives: Known disparities in pneumococcal vaccination in the community raise the question of whether disparities also exist in the nursing home setting, which is better controlled. This study used nationally representative nursing home data to compare black and white nursing home residents with respect to receiving, not receiving, or having an unknown PPV vaccination status, and to examine the interaction of race with various facility characteristics. Design: Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze a 2-year merged file (1997 and 1999) of the National Nursing Home Survey, a cross-sectional national probability sample of nursing homes and residents. Setting and Participants: Residents 65 years or older (n = 14,782) residing in nursing homes between July and December of 1997 or 1999. Measurements: Record-based staff report of whether residents ever had a pneumococcal immunization (yes/no/unknown); race measured as black or white. Results: Pneumococcal vaccination rates are lower for black nursing home residents than for white residents, as shown using a merged file of the 1997 and 1999 National Nursing Home Surveys. Participants include 14,303 randomly sampled residents 65 years or older. In this sample, 31% of black residents compared with 24% of white residents 65 years or older had never received pneumococcal vaccination (P <.01). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that blacks were more likely to be unimmunized than whites (95% Cls), specifically in Medicaid-only facilities and dually certified Medicare and Medicaid facilities. Blacks also had higher odds of unknown vaccination status than whites in Medicaid-only facilities and lower odds of unknown status in government-owned facilities. Conclusions: Results suggest that the racial difference in pneumococcal vaccination exists predominantly in certain facility types. in addition, facility-based interventions such as having an organized PPV immunization program or improving documentation of vaccination status can be effective in increasing vaccination rates for all races. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use. C1 [Marsteller, Jill A.; Tiggle, Ronald B.; Remsburg, Robin E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Long Term Care Stat Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Marsteller, Jill A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bardenheier, Barbara; Shefer, Abigail] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vaccinat Serv Div, Natl Vaccinat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Han, Beth] US Dept HHS, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. RP Marsteller, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Long Term Care Stat Branch, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3312, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM ble2@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-8610 J9 J AM MED DIR ASSOC JI J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 9 IS 9 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1016/j.jamda.2008.03.016 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 376ZO UT WOS:000261221700006 PM 18992696 ER PT J AU Strikas, RA Kozarsky, PE Reed, C Kapella, BK Freedman, DO AF Strikas, Raymond A. Kozarsky, Phyllis E. Reed, Christie Kapella, Brian K. Freedman, David O. TI Transcript of the Armed Forces Epidemiology Board meeting September 26, 2006 SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION; TRAVELERS AB Influenza is the most common vaccine-preventable disease in travelers. It circulates year-round in the tropics, November to March in the northern hemisphere (NH), and April to October in the southern hemisphere (SH). In 2005, approximately 8.5 million US adults aged 18 years and older traveled to the Caribbean. A similar number traveled to the tropics and the SH. SH formulation of influenza vaccine is not available in the United States. We surveyed International Society of Travel Medicine (ISTM) members to ask if they would use SH influenza vaccine if available. We electronically mailed a survey in December 2006 to 1,251 ISTM members in the United States. We asked if respondents would use SH vaccine for patients traveling to the SH or tropics, how many such patients per week they see, and their practice location. We received 157 responses for a response rate of 12.5%. Of these, 129 (82%) stated that they would be interested in having SH influenza vaccine available. Of those indicating interest, 73 (60%) reported seeing > 10 patients traveling to the SH or tropics each week. Respondents reported practice settings in 34 states and the District of Columbia. Respondents requested more information about the likely cost of SH influenza vaccine, ordering conditions, vaccine use guidelines, comparability with NH vaccine, and approval of SH vaccine by the Food and Drug Administration. Many travelers to the SH are at risk for influenza infection. Although only a limited number of ISTM members responded, respondents indicated considerable interest in availability of SH influenza vaccine for their patients. More data from travel medicine and other practitioners are needed on this topic. Inquiries are being made of influenza vaccine manufacturers about licensing SH influenza vaccines in the United States. Adding SH influenza vaccine to the vaccines available to NH clinicians could help mitigate the morbidity of influenza in travelers. C1 [Strikas, Raymond A.] Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Kozarsky, Phyllis E.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kozarsky, Phyllis E.; Reed, Christie; Kapella, Brian K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. [Freedman, David O.] Univ Alabama, Div Infect Dis, Ctr Geog Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Strikas, RA (reprint author), Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Vaccine Program Off, 200 Independence Ave SW,Room 443H, Washington, DC 20201 USA. EM raymond.strikas@psc.hhs.gov FU ISTM; Geosentinel FX We thank Ann Moen and Alexander Klimov, both from CDC, for their assistance in providing influenza surveillance data. The survey described was sponsored by the ISTM and Geosentinel. The survey was not a clinical trial and therefore was not registered in a public trials registry. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 15 IS 6 BP 442 EP 446 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00254.x PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 376TI UT WOS:000261205500010 PM 19090800 ER PT J AU Farfel, M DiGrande, L Brackbill, R Prann, A Cone, J Friedman, S Walker, DJ Pezeshki, G Thomas, P Galea, S Williamson, D Frieden, TR Thorpe, L AF Farfel, Mark DiGrande, Laura Brackbill, Robert Prann, Angela Cone, James Friedman, Stephen Walker, Deborah J. Pezeshki, Grant Thomas, Pauline Galea, Sandro Williamson, David Frieden, Thomas R. Thorpe, Lorna TI An Overview of 9/11 Experiences and Respiratory and Mental Health Conditions among World Trade Center Health Registry Enrollees SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE World Trade Center; Asthma; Respiratory symptoms; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Serious psychological distress; Population estimates of WTC disaster health outcomes; World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR); Environmental exposures; New York City; Children; Terrorism; WTC attacks; Epidemiology; Mental health ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; NEW-YORK-CITY; SEPTEMBER-11 TERRORIST ATTACKS; NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY; CENTER DISASTER SITE; ST-HELENS ERUPTIONS; PTSD CHECKLIST; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CIVILIAN VERSION; POLICE OFFICERS AB To date, health effects of exposure to the September 11, 2001 disaster in New York City have been studied in specific groups, but no studies have estimated its impact across the different exposed populations. This report provides an overview of the World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) enrollees, their exposures, and their respiratory and mental health outcomes 2-3 years post-9/11. Results are extrapolated to the estimated universe of people eligible to enroll in the WTCHR to determine magnitude of impact. Building occupants, persons on the street or in transit in lower Manhattan on 9/11, local residents, rescue and recovery workers/volunteers, and area school children and staff were interviewed and enrolled in the WTCHR between September 2003 and November 2004. A total of 71,437 people enrolled in the WTCHR, for 17.4% coverage of the estimated eligible exposed population (nearly 410,000); 30% were recruited from lists, and 70% were self-identified. Many reported being in the dust cloud from the collapsing WTC Towers (51%), witnessing traumatic events (70%), or sustaining an injury (13%). After 9/11, 67% of adult enrollees reported new or worsening respiratory symptoms, 3% reported newly diagnosed asthma, 16% screened positive for probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and 8% for serious psychological distress (SPD). Newly diagnosed asthma was most common among rescue and recovery workers who worked on the debris pile (4.1%). PTSD was higher among those who reported Hispanic ethnicity (30%), household income <$25,000 (31%), or being injured (35%). Using previously published estimates of the total number of exposed people per WTCHR eligibility criteria, we estimate between 3,800 and 12,600 adults experienced newly diagnosed asthma and 34,600-70,200 adults experienced PTSD following the attacks, suggesting extensive adverse health impacts beyond the immediate deaths and injuries from the acute event. C1 [Farfel, Mark; DiGrande, Laura; Prann, Angela; Cone, James; Friedman, Stephen; Walker, Deborah J.; Pezeshki, Grant; Frieden, Thomas R.; Thorpe, Lorna] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Brackbill, Robert; Williamson, David] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thomas, Pauline] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Galea, Sandro] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Farfel, M (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. EM mfarfel@health.nyc.gov FU CDC's National Center for Environmental Health [U50/ATU272750] FX This research was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U50/ATU272750 from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry with additional funding from the CDC's National Center for Environmental Health. The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the ATSDR. The manuscript underwent ATSDR external peer review. NR 77 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 85 IS 6 BP 880 EP 909 DI 10.1007/s11524-008-9317-4 PG 30 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 376JU UT WOS:000261180700009 PM 18785012 ER PT J AU Wang, W Butler, EN Veguilla, V Vassell, R Thomas, JT Moos, M Ye, ZP Hancock, K Weiss, CD AF Wang, Wei Butler, Ebonee N. Veguilla, Vic Vassell, Russell Thomas, J. Terrig Moos, Malcolm, Jr. Ye, Zhiping Hancock, Kathy Weiss, Carol D. TI Establishment of retroviral pseudotypes with influenza hemagglutinins from H1, H3, and H5 subtypes for sensitive and specific detection of neutralizing antibodies SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Hemagglutinin; Influenza; Neutralization; Protease; Hemagglutinin inhibition; Pseudotype ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; PROCESSING ENDOPROTEASES; LENTIVIRAL VECTORS; RECEPTOR-BINDING; GENE DELIVERY; IN-VIVO; CELLS; TRANSDUCTION; PARTICLES; ENVELOPE AB Pseudotype reporter viruses provide a safe, quantitative, and high-throughput tool for assessing antibody neutralization for many viruses, including high pathogenicity H5 and H7 influenza A strains. However, adapting this system to other influenza subtypes has been hampered by variations in the protease cleavage site of hemagglutinin (HA) that make it less susceptible to the cleavage required for infectivity. In this report several proteases, reporter vectors, and cell substrates were evaluated while optimizing pseudovirus production, and robust methods were established for sensitive and specific neutralization of pseudotypes carrying influenza H1, H3, and H5 subtype HA that correlates well with titers obtained in microneutralization assays involving replicating influenza virus These findings should facilitate broad use of HA-pseudotypes that remove the need for infectious virus in a range of applications, including neutralization assays for serological surveys of viral infection and evaluations of vaccine sera. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, Wei; Vassell, Russell; Ye, Zhiping; Weiss, Carol D.] US FDA, Div Viral Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Butler, Ebonee N.; Veguilla, Vic; Hancock, Kathy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weiss, CD (reprint author), US FDA, Div Viral Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM carol.weiss@fda.hhs.gov RI Weiss, Carol/F-6438-2011; Moos, Malcolm/F-3673-2011 OI Weiss, Carol/0000-0002-9965-1289; Moos, Malcolm/0000-0002-9575-9938 FU FDA; CDC FX We thank the following persons for generously supplying key reagents for these studies: Drs. Mikhail Matrosovich, Wolfgang Garten and Hans-Dieter Klenk (University of Marburg, Germany) for pCAGGS-TMPRSS2 and pCAGGS-HAT-FLAG; Dr. Gary Nabel (NIH, Bethesda, MD) for HIV-Luc pseudotype system, HA expression vector CMV/R 8 kappa B and Hybridoma for anti-TL HA; and Drs. Maribeth Eiden (NIH, Bethesda, MD) and Carolyn Wilson (FDA, Bethesda, MD) for MLV-beta-gal pseudotype system. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Alexander Klimov (CDC, Atlanta, GA) for ferret H5 antisera, Galina Vodieko and Christine Anderson (FDA, Bethesda. MD) for H1, H3 and H5 reference sheep HA antisera, and Dr. John Wood (NIBSC, UK) for the sheep A/Turkey/1/2005 HA anti-serum.; We also thank Drs. Jerry Weir, Maryna Eichelberger (FDA, Bethesda, MD) and Jacqueline M. Katz (CDC, Atlanta, GA) for critical reading of this manuscript. This work was support by institutional research funds from the FDA and the CDC.; Financial support: Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. NR 37 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 2008 VL 153 IS 2 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.07.015 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 367PV UT WOS:000260565200006 PM 18722473 ER PT J AU Owens, MD Beckles, GLA Kar-Yee, K Gorrell, P Brady, J Kaftarian, JS AF Owens, Michelle D. Beckles, Gloria L. A. Kar-Yee, Karen Gorrell, Paul Brady, Jeffrey Kaftarian, Jackie Shakeh TI Women with Diagnosed Diabetes across the Life Stages: Underuse of Recommended Preventive Care Services SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-CARE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MANAGED CARE; HEALTH-CARE; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; DISPARITIES; RISK; METAANALYSIS; MELLITUS AB Diabetes is a common and costly disease. In 2007, an estimated 24 million people in the United States had diabetes, with almost half of these being women. Diabetes increases the risk of morbidity and mortality from several conditions, including cardiovascular disease, several types of cancers, influenza and pneumococcal infection, and kidney, eye, and periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of care that women with diabetes receive and to assess how receipt of some clinical preventive services and screening for common conditions associated with diabetes vary according to socioeconomic factors. Our findings indicate that use of diabetes-specific preventive care among women is low, with the youngest women (<= 45 years) and those with low educational levels being the least likely to receive the recommended services. Women with diabetes were less likely than women without diabetes to receive a Pap smear, with the oldest women (<= 65 years) being the most vulnerable. Women with diabetes who were poor and nonwhite were less likely than more affluent and white women to receive a pneumococcal vaccination. This study's findings suggest that having a chronic disease may serve as a barrier to the receipt of recommended preventive care among women. Effective interventions should be designed to meet the needs of the most vulnerable women with diabetes, in particular, those who are at the extremes of the life cycle, are poor, and have low levels of education. Programs should use a life stage approach to address the unique needs of women with diabetes. C1 [Owens, Michelle D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kar-Yee, Karen; Brady, Jeffrey; Kaftarian, Jackie Shakeh] Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. [Gorrell, Paul] Social & Sci Syst, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Owens, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MOwens1@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1415 EP 1423 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.1125 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 378OF UT WOS:000261331400001 PM 18954234 ER PT J AU Bansil, P Kuklina, EV Whiteman, MK Kourtis, AP Posner, SF Johnson, CH Jamieson, DJ AF Bansil, Pooja Kuklina, Elena V. Whiteman, Maura K. Kourtis, Athena P. Posner, Samuel F. Johnson, Christopher H. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Eating Disorders among Delivery Hospitalizations: Prevalence and Outcomes SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FETAL-GROWTH RESTRICTION; COMPOSITE END-POINTS; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; BIRTH OUTCOMES; WOMEN; OBSTETRICS; RISK; MANAGEMENT; GYNECOLOGY AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe trends in the prevalence of eating disorders among delivery hospitalizations in the United States from 1994 to 2004 and to compare hospital, demographic, and obstetrical outcomes among women with and without eating disorders. Methods: Hospital discharge data for 1994 to 2004 from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) were used to assess the relationship between eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) and obstetrical complications. Analyses were limited to delivery-related hospitalizations. Results: There were an estimated 1,668 delivery hospitalizations with an eating disorder diagnosis in the United States in the 11-year period, resulting in an overall rate of 0.39 per 10,000 deliveries. After adjustment for hospital and demographic characteristics, delivery hospitalizations with an eating disorder were significantly more likely than those without an eating disorder to have fetal growth restriction (odds ratio [OR] 9.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.45-12.77), preterm labor (OR 2.78, 95% CI 2.10-3.69), anemia (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.25-2.38), genitourinary tract infections (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.03-2.68), and labor induction (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.01-1.73). Conclusions: Although the prevalence of eating disorders among delivery hospitalizations is lower than in the general population, the fact that women with eating disorders are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes highlights the importance of screening for and appropriate clinical care of eating disorders in pregnancy. C1 [Bansil, Pooja] CONRAD, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kuklina, Elena V.] Quantell Inc, McHenry, MD USA. [Whiteman, Maura K.; Kourtis, Athena P.; Posner, Samuel F.; Johnson, Christopher H.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kourtis, Athena P.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Bansil, P (reprint author), CONRAD, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pbansil@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1523 EP 1528 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.0779 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 378OF UT WOS:000261331400013 PM 19006466 ER PT J AU Clements, KM Barfield, WD Kotelchuck, M Wilber, N AF Clements, Karen M. Barfield, Wanda D. Kotelchuck, Milton Wilber, Nancy TI Maternal socio-economic and race/ethnic characteristics associated with early intervention participation SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Early Intervention; early childhood development; program evaluation; race-ethnic disparities; socio-economic disparities ID HEALTH-CARE; LOW-INCOME; PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY; CHILDREN; DISPARITIES; LANGUAGE; SERVICES; EDUCATION; FAMILIES; BARRIER AB Objectives To evaluate whether Massachusetts Early Intervention (EI) serves children at risk of developmental delay due to social factors, we identified socio-demographic characteristics associated with program enrollment and examined predictors of participation at each stage from referral to enrollment. Methods The Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal (PELL) data system linked birth certificate, hospital discharge, and EI data for all Massachusetts births, 1998-2000. We identified predictors of enrollment among births and predictors of referral, eligibility evaluation among those referred, and enrollment among eligible children using multivariate modified Poisson models to adjust for medical risks. Results Overall, 29,950 children (13.7% of births) enrolled in EI. Most social risk indicators predicted enrollment, including maternal government insurance (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.29-1.36) and maternal education <= 10 years (RR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.30-1.42). Having a foreign-born (RR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.74-0.80), non-English speaking (RR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.97) or Asian (RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.94) mother was negatively associated with enrollment. Of births, 18.6% were referred to EI. Similar socio-demographic variables predicted referral as predicted enrollment. Among referrals, 87.7% received an evaluation. Evaluation was negatively associated with young maternal age, black maternal race, and high poverty level. Of eligible children, 93.0% enrolled. Enrollment among eligible children was negatively associated with young maternal age and high poverty level. Conclusion In Massachusetts, children born with social risk factors have high EI participation. Nevertheless, children in immigrant communities may face barriers to initial contact with EI, while children from low socioeconomic environments may be at risk for not enrolling after EI referral. C1 [Clements, Karen M.; Wilber, Nancy] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02108 USA. [Barfield, Wanda D.] Ctr Dis Control, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kotelchuck, Milton] Boston Univ, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Clements, KM (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Community Hlth, 250 Washington St,5th Floor, Boston, MA 02108 USA. EM karen.clements@state.ma.us; Wbarfield@cdc.gov; mkotelch@bu.edu FU PHS HHS [S1887-21/23, S3485-23/23] NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 12 IS 6 BP 708 EP 717 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0291-3 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 355UQ UT WOS:000259735000005 PM 18026825 ER PT J AU Petersen, LR Hayes, EB AF Petersen, Lyle R. Hayes, Edward B. TI West Nile Virus in the Americas SO MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review DE West Nile virus; United States; America; Epidemiology; Arbovirus ID ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-DONORS; NEUROINVASIVE DISEASE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CULEX MOSQUITOS; NORTH-AMERICA; RISK-FACTORS; PREGNANT-WOMEN AB Since the first detection of West Nile virus in the Western Hemisphere in 1999, the virus has spread rapidly across the North American continent and as far south as Argentina. An unprecedented pattern of large annual epidemics of human neuroinvasive disease continues in North America, resulting in considerable public health impact. The high infection incidence in humans has resulted in non-mosquito transmission modes, such as through transfused blood and transplanted organs. West Nile virus incursion into Latin America and the Caribbean Islands has resulted in surprisingly low human, avian, and equine morbidity and mortality despite evidence that West Nile virus strains circulating in those regions are similar to those in North America. C1 [Petersen, Lyle R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Hayes, Edward B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Petersen, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 1350 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM lxp2@cdc.gov NR 108 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 35 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0025-7125 J9 MED CLIN N AM JI Med. Clin. N. Am. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 1307 EP + DI 10.1016/j.mcna.2008.07.004 PG 17 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 378KU UT WOS:000261320500002 PM 19145778 ER PT J AU Walker, DH Paddock, CD Dumler, JS AF Walker, David H. Paddock, Christopher D. Dumler, J. Stephen TI Emerging and Re-emerging Tick-Transmitted Rickettsial and Ehrlichial Infections SO MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis; Rickettsia parkeri; Ehrlichia ewingii; Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis; Typhus ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; HUMAN MONOCYTOTROPIC EHRLICHIOSIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SOUTH-CENTRAL REGIONS; UNITED-STATES; CHAFFEENSIS RICKETTSIALES; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION AB Recently in the field of rickettsiology, an explosion of new isolates of pathogens have received species designation and new disease names, all of which have been relatively neglected by primary care and infectious disease physicians. A broad group of other tick-associated rickettsial and ehrlichial agents of unknown pathogenicity exist (eg, P amblyommii) that may cause confusion in interpreting serologic surveys or a single elevated antibody titer. Rickettsial and ehrlichial diseases are remarkable for their uniform susceptibility to doxycycline but are clinically difficult to distinguish from many viral infections and each another, and therefore misdiagnosis and failure to treat have unfortunate and sometimes tragic outcomes. Globally, many of these bacteria have been named but the genetic differences among them are often small, and many of their clinical manifestations may not be distinguishable diagnostically. C1 [Walker, David H.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Paddock, Christopher D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Dumler, J. Stephen] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Walker, DH (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM dwalker@utmb.edu NR 100 TC 46 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0025-7125 J9 MED CLIN N AM JI Med. Clin. N. Am. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 1345 EP + DI 10.1016/j.mcna.2008.06.002 PG 18 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 378KU UT WOS:000261320500004 PM 19061755 ER PT J AU Reed, CM AF Reed, Christie M. TI Medical Tourism SO MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Travel; Health seeking traveler; Medical tourism; Transplant tourism; Reproductive tourism ID KIDNEY-TRANSPLANTATION; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; WOUND INFECTIONS; COSMETIC SURGERY; DONOR KIDNEY; OUTBREAK; OVERSEAS; COUNTRIES; GENITOPLASTY AB Searches of the literature or Internet using the term "medical tourism" produce two sets of articles: travel for the purpose of delivering health care or travel for the purpose of seeking health care. The first usage primarily appears in the medical literature and is beyond the scope of this article, which focuses on travel to seek health care. Still, there are some aspects these two topics have in common: both are affected by ease and speed of international travel and communication associated with globalization, and both raise questions about continuity of care as well as issues related to cultural, language, and legal differences; both also raise questions about ethics. This article describes some of the motivating factors, contributing elements, and challenges in elucidating trends, as well as implications for clinicians who provide pretravel advice and those who care for ill returning travelers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Med Transmiss Team, HIV Prevent Branch, Div Global AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reed, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Med Transmiss Team, HIV Prevent Branch, Div Global AIDS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM creed@cdc.gov NR 79 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 26 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0025-7125 J9 MED CLIN N AM JI Med. Clin. N. Am. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 1433 EP + DI 10.1016/j.mcna.2008.08.001 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 378KU UT WOS:000261320500009 PM 19061760 ER PT J AU Gilmore, RD Howison, RR Schmit, VL Carroll, JA AF Gilmore, Robert D., Jr. Howison, Rebekah R. Schmit, Virginia L. Carroll, James A. TI Borrelia burgdorferi expression of the bba64, bba65, bba66, and bba73 genes in tissues during persistent infection in mice SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Borrelia burgdorferi; Lyme disease; pgf 54; Gene expression; Persistent infection ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; HOST-SPECIFIC SIGNALS; SURFACE-PROTEINS; ERP GENES; TEMPERATURE; PH; ANTIGEN; IDENTIFICATION; LIPOPROTEINS; MECHANISM AB Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease in humans, is vectored between mammalian hosts in nature by Nodes ticks. The organism adapts to diverse environments encountered throughout the enzootic cycle by differentially expressing essential gene products to survive the specialized conditions, whether in ticks or warm-blooded hosts. However, little is known regarding the identity and/or function of B. burgdorferi genes expressed during colonization of tissues during mammalian infection. Experimental evidence has shown that a group of genes (formerly classified as paralogous gene family 54) contiguously localized on the 54-kilobase linear plasmid of B. burgdorferi, are among the most highly regulated by in vitro conditions resembling mammalian infection. In this study, we employed quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to measure temporal gene expression of a subset of this B. burgdorferi gene family (bba64, bba65, bba66, and bba73) in tissues during chronic murine infection. The goal was to gain insight into the role of these genes in infectivity and pathogenesis by identifying when the genes are induced and whether they are expressed in specific target tissues. B. burgdorferi bba64, bba65, bba66, and bba73 expression was measured from infected mouse tissues relative to expression in in vitro culture conditions at specific times post-infection. bba64 expression was highly upregulated in bladder, heart, and spleen tissues throughout the infection period, contrasting with the sharp downregulation previously observed in ear tissues. bba65, bba66, and bba73 demonstrated upregulated differential expression in various tissues over 1 year post-infection. These results suggest an essential role for these genes in borrelial survival, persistence, and/or pathogenesis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gilmore, Robert D., Jr.; Howison, Rebekah R.; Schmit, Virginia L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Carroll, James A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Gilmore, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM rbg9@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 5-6 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2008.08.006 PG 6 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 397SG UT WOS:000262681800008 PM 18848981 ER PT J AU Murashov, V Howard, J AF Murashov, Vladimir Howard, John TI The US must help set international standards for nanotechnology SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB International standards have a crucial role in supporting global trade and protecting human health and the environment. US government agencies and the private sector must become more involved in international efforts to establish such standards, and representatives from all nations must ensure that all standards are based on sound science. C1 [Murashov, Vladimir; Howard, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Murashov, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. EM vladimir.murashov@cdc.hhs.gov RI Murashov, Vladimir/K-5481-2012 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 3 IS 11 BP 635 EP 636 DI 10.1038/nnano.2008.323 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 378OB UT WOS:000261330500002 PM 18989319 ER PT J AU Stevens, W Gelman, R Glencross, DK Scott, LE Crowe, SM Spira, T AF Stevens, Wendy Gelman, Rebecca Glencross, Deborah K. Scott, Lesley E. Crowe, Suzanne M. Spira, Thomas TI Evaluating new CD4 enumeration technologies for resource-constrained countries SO NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT; HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; T-LYMPHOCYTE ENUMERATION; PLATFORM FLOW-CYTOMETRY; SINGLE-PLATFORM; ABSOLUTE CD4(+); CELL COUNTS; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; FACSCOUNT SYSTEM; LIMITED SETTINGS C1 [Stevens, Wendy; Glencross, Deborah K.; Scott, Lesley E.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Mol Med & Haematol, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Stevens, Wendy; Glencross, Deborah K.; Scott, Lesley E.] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Gelman, Rebecca] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gelman, Rebecca] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Crowe, Suzanne M.] Monash Univ, Macfariane Burnet Inst Med Res & Publ Hlth, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Crowe, Suzanne M.] Monash Univ, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Crowe, Suzanne M.] Alfred Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Spira, Thomas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, NCHHSTP, CCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stevens, W (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Mol Med & Haematol, 7 York Rd Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa. EM wendy.stevens@nhls.ac.za NR 69 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1740-1526 J9 NAT REV MICROBIOL JI Nat. Rev. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 6 IS 11 BP S29 EP S38 DI 10.1038/nrmicro2000 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 372EE UT WOS:000260883800005 PM 22745957 ER PT J AU Charles, LE Burchfiel, CM Violanti, JM Fekedulegn, D Slaven, JE Browne, RW Hartley, TA Andrew, ME AF Charles, Luenda E. Burchfiel, Cecil M. Violanti, John M. Fekedulegn, Desta Slaven, James E. Browne, Richard W. Hartley, Tara A. Andrew, Michael E. TI Adiposity Measures and Oxidative Stress Among Police Officers SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OBESITY; PLASMA; HEALTH; GLUTATHIONE; OVERWEIGHT; WOMEN AB Our objective was to investigate associations between adiposity measures (BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and abdominal height) and biomarkers of oxidative stress (glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px), vitamin C, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)) among police officers. This cross-sectional study included randomly selected police officers (43 policewomen; 67 policemen) from Buffalo, New York. Adiposity measures were performed using standardized methods. Biomarkers were measured on fasting blood specimens. An oxidative stress score (OSS) was created as a composite of the biomarkers. ANOVAs were used to compare mean levels of biomarkers across tertiles of the adiposity measures. Officers were 26-to 61-years old. GSH was inversely associated with waist circumference (trend P = 0.030) and waist-to-hip ratio (trend P = 0.026). GSH-Px was inversely associated with BMI (trend P = 0.004) and with waist-to-height ratio (trend P = 0.017). No associations were observed for TEAC, TBARS, or OSS with any adiposity measure. Significant interactions were observed by physical activity status for GSH with waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio and for vitamin C with waist circumference, waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios. The above associations were inversely related only among officers who reported engaging in physical activity. Inverse associations were observed for BMI and waist circumference with GSH, but only among women; the interaction with gender was significant. Larger indices of adiposity were associated with increased levels of oxidative stress and decreased levels of antioxidant defense. C1 [Charles, Luenda E.; Burchfiel, Cecil M.; Fekedulegn, Desta; Slaven, James E.; Hartley, Tara A.; Andrew, Michael E.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Morgantown, WV USA. [Violanti, John M.; Browne, Richard W.] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Charles, LE (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Morgantown, WV USA. EM lcharles@cdc.gov RI Charles, Luenda/H-6008-2011 FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD NOV PY 2008 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2489 EP 2497 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.395 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 368OO UT WOS:000260631700017 PM 18719659 ER PT J AU Tepper, NK Branson, BM Farr, SL Jamieson, DJ AF Tepper, Naomi K. Branson, Bernard M. Farr, Sherry L. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing on Labor and Delivery SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Tepper, Naomi K.; Branson, Bernard M.; Farr, Sherry L.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tepper, NK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 1181 EP 1181 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31818cbabd PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 366TR UT WOS:000260506800032 PM 18978125 ER PT J AU Maimburg, RD Vaeth, M Schendel, DE Bech, BH Olsen, J Thorsen, P AF Maimburg, Rikke Damkjaer Vaeth, Michael Schendel, Diana Elizabeth Bech, Bodil Hammer Olsen, Jorn Thorsen, Poul TI Neonatal jaundice: a risk factor for infantile autism? SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hyperbilirubinaemia; neonatal jaundice; serum bilirubin; autism; neurological abnormalities ID GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA; POPULATION; TERM; COMPLICATIONS; KERNICTERUS; DIRECTIONS; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN AB In a previous study, we found that infants transferred to a neonatal ward after delivery had an almost twofold increased risk of being diagnosed with infantile autism later in childhood in spite of extensive controlling of obstetric risk factors. We therefore decided to investigate other reasons for transfer to a neonatal ward, in particular hyperbilirubinaemia and neurological abnormalities. We conducted a population-based matched case-control study of 473 children with autism and 473 matched controls born from 1990 to 1999 in Denmark. Cases were children reported with a diagnosis of infantile autism in the Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals [CI] and likelihood ratio tests were used to test for effect modification. We found an almost fourfold risk for infantile autism in infants who had hyperbilirubinaemia after birth (OR 3.7 [95% CI 1.3, 10.5]). In stratified analysis, the association appeared limited to term infants (>= 37 weeks gestation). A strong association was also observed between abnormal neurological signs after birth and infantile autism, especially hypertonicity (OR 6.7 [95% CI 1.5, 29.7]). No associations were found between infantile autism and low Apgar scores, acidosis or hypoglycaemia. Our findings suggest that hyperbilirubinaemia and neurological abnormalities in the neonatal period are important factors to consider when studying causes of infantile autism. C1 [Maimburg, Rikke Damkjaer; Bech, Bodil Hammer; Olsen, Jorn; Thorsen, Poul] Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Vaeth, Michael] Univ Aarhus, Dept Biostat, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Maimburg, Rikke Damkjaer] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Skejby, Denmark. [Schendel, Diana Elizabeth] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Olsen, Jorn] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Maimburg, RD (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, Vennelyst Blvd 6, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM rmai@soci.au.dk RI Olsen, Jorn/F-8801-2015; Bech, Bodil Hammer/B-9646-2016 OI Olsen, Jorn/0000-0001-7462-5140; NR 38 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 562 EP 568 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00973.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 357AH UT WOS:000259818200009 PM 19000294 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, KW Szilagyi, PG Fairbrother, G Griffin, MR Staat, M Shone, LP Weinberg, GA Hall, CB Poehling, KA Edwards, KM Lofthus, G Fisher, SG Bridges, CB Iwane, MK AF Eisenberg, Katherine W. Szilagyi, Peter G. Fairbrother, Gerry Griffin, Marie R. Staat, Mary Shone, Laura P. Weinberg, Geoffrey A. Hall, Caroline B. Poehling, Katherine A. Edwards, Kathryn M. Lofthus, Geraldine Fisher, Susan G. Bridges, Carolyn B. Iwane, Marika K. CA New Vaccine Surveillance Network TI Vaccine Effectiveness Against Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Children 6 to 59 Months of Age During the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 Influenza Seasons SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children; vaccine effectiveness; laboratory-confirmed; influenza ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; RECOMMENDATIONS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTION; TRIVALENT; EFFICACY; VIRUSES AB OBJECTIVE. The goal was to estimate the effectiveness of influenza vaccination against laboratory-confirmed influenza during the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 influenza seasons in children 6 to 59 months of age. METHODS. We conducted a case-control study with children with medically attended, acute respiratory infections who received care in an inpatient, emergency department, or outpatient clinic setting during 2 consecutive influenza seasons. All children residing in Monroe County, New York, Davidson County, Tennessee, or Hamilton County, Ohio, were enrolled prospectively at the time of acute illness and had nasal/throat swabs tested for influenza with cultures and/or polymerase chain reaction assays. Children with laboratory-confirmed influenza were case subjects and children who tested negative for influenza were control subjects. Child vaccination records from the parent and the child's physician were used to determine and to validate influenza vaccination status. Influenza vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1 - adjusted odds ratio) x 100. RESULTS. We enrolled 288 case subjects and 744 control subjects during the 2003 - 2004 season and 197 case subjects and 1305 control subjects during the 2004 - 2005 season. Six percent and 19% of all study children were fully vaccinated according to immunization guidelines in the respective seasons. Full vaccination was associated with significantly fewer influenza-related inpatient, emergency department, or outpatient clinic visits in 2004 - 2005 ( vaccine effectiveness: 57%) but not in 2003 - 2004 (vaccine effectiveness: 44%). Partial vaccination was not effective in either season. CONCLUSIONS. Receipt of all recommended doses of influenza vaccine was associated with halving of laboratory-confirmed influenza-related medical visits among children 6 to 59 months of age in 1 of 2 study years, despite suboptimal matches between the vaccine and circulating influenza strains in both years. Pediatrics 2008; 122: 911-919 C1 [Eisenberg, Katherine W.; Fisher, Susan G.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Szilagyi, Peter G.; Shone, Laura P.; Weinberg, Geoffrey A.; Hall, Caroline B.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Hall, Caroline B.; Lofthus, Geraldine] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Shone, Laura P.] Univ Rochester, Sch Nursing, Dept Clin Nursing, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Fairbrother, Gerry] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Hlth Policy & Clin Effectiveness Div, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Staat, Mary] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Griffin, Marie R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN USA. [Griffin, Marie R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. [Edwards, Kathryn M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Poehling, Katherine A.] Wake Forest Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Poehling, Katherine A.] Wake Forest Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Bridges, Carolyn B.; Iwane, Marika K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eisenberg, KW (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM katherine_eisenberg@urmc.rochester.edu FU Robert Wood Johnson Generalist Physician Faculty Scholar Program; National Institutes of Health [K23 AI065805]; NIH-NIAID [NO1 AI-25462]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC 200-2002-00732, CDC UO1 IP000022]; Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, TN); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Cincinnati, OH); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry (Rochester, NY) FX Dr Poehling received support from the Robert Wood Johnson Generalist Physician Faculty Scholar Program and the National Institutes of Health (grant K23 AI065805). Dr Edwards received support from the National Institutes of Health (grant NIH-NIAID NO1 AI-25462) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant CDC 200-2002-00732 and grant CDC UO1 IP000022). We thank A. Curns, C. Brown, R. Seither, J. Copeland, F. Walker, and L. Finelli, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA); D. Kent, A. Clay, E. Keckley, A. Khan, P. Sacket, N. Crowder, Y. Tang, A. Blackman, J. Peters, J. Doersam, and N. Whitehead, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, TN); Y. Zhu, R. Hornung, S. Sexton, and M. Holloway, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Cincinnati, OH); C. Freundlich, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry (Rochester, NY); and all of the study nurses for their work in support of this research. NR 28 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2008 VL 122 IS 5 BP 911 EP 919 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-3304 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 367HG UT WOS:000260542500001 PM 18977968 ER PT J AU Ybarra, ML Diener-West, M Markow, D Leaf, PJ Hamburger, M Boxer, P AF Ybarra, Michele L. Diener-West, Marie Markow, Dana Leaf, Philip J. Hamburger, Merle Boxer, Paul TI Linkages Between Internet and Other Media Violence With Seriously Violent Behavior by Youth SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Internet; media; mental health; violence; youths ID RESPONSE RATES; HEALTH; AGGRESSION; CHILDREN; INFORMATION; WEB; ADOLESCENTS; COGNITION; EXPOSURE; SAMPLES AB OBJECTIVE. The goal was to examine the association between violence in the media and the expression of seriously violent behavior among older children and teenagers in a national sample. METHODS. The Growing up with Media survey was a national, online survey of 1588 youths that was conducted in August and September 2006. Participants were 10- to 15-year-old youths who had used the Internet at least once in the past 6 months. The main outcome measure was self-reported seriously violent behavior, including (1) shooting or stabbing someone, (2) aggravated assault, (3) robbery, and (4) sexual assault. RESULTS. Five percent of youths reported engaging in seriously violent behavior in the past 12 months. Thirty-eight percent reported exposure to violence online. Exposures to violence in the media, both online and off-line, were associated with significantly elevated odds for concurrently reporting seriously violent behavior. Compared with otherwise similar youths, those who indicated that many, most, or all of the Web sites they visited depicted real people engaged in violent behavior were significantly more likely to report seriously violent behavior. After adjustment for underlying differences in youth characteristics, respondents' alcohol use, propensity to respond to stimuli with anger, delinquent peers, parental monitoring, and exposures to violence in the community also were associated with significantly increased odds of concurrently reporting seriously violent behavior. CONCLUSIONS. Exposure to violence in the media is associated with concurrent reports of seriously violent behavior across media (eg, games and music). Newer forms of violent media seem to be especially concerning. Pediatrics 2008; 122: 929-937 C1 [Ybarra, Michele L.] Internet Solut Kids, Santa Ana, CA 92705 USA. [Diener-West, Marie] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Leaf, Philip J.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Markow, Dana] Harris Interact, New York, NY USA. [Hamburger, Merle] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Etiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Boxer, Paul] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Ybarra, ML (reprint author), Internet Solut Kids, 1820 E Garry Ave 105, Santa Ana, CA 92705 USA. EM michele@isolutions4kids.org FU Cooperative Agreement [U49/CE000206]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was supported by Cooperative Agreement U49/CE000206 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the CDC. NR 56 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 57 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2008 VL 122 IS 5 BP 929 EP 937 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-3377 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 367HG UT WOS:000260542500003 PM 18977970 ER PT J AU Yee, EL Staat, MA Azimi, P Bernstein, DI Ward, RL Schubert, C Matson, DO Turcios-Ruiz, RM Parashar, U Widdowson, MA Glass, RI AF Yee, Eileen L. Staat, Mary Allen Azimi, Parvin Bernstein, David I. Ward, Richard L. Schubert, Charles Matson, David O. Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M. Parashar, Umesh Widdowson, Marc-Alain Glass, Roger I. TI Burden of Rotavirus Disease Among Children Visiting Pediatric Emergency Departments in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Oakland, California, in 1999-2000 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; epidemiology; incidence; emergency department; gastroenteritis ID UNITED-STATES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DIARRHEA; HOSPITALIZATIONS; GASTROENTERITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; MORBIDITY; IMPACT; AGE AB OBJECTIVE. We assessed the incidence of rotavirus disease requiring an emergency department visit among children <5 years of age. METHODS. We conducted active surveillance for acute gastroenteritis in pediatric emergency departments in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Oakland, California, from March 1999 to May 2000, among children 2 weeks to 59 months of age with acute diarrhea and/or vomiting. We obtained clinical and demographic information from participants and tested their stool specimens for rotavirus. RESULTS. Approximately 9% of all emergency department visits at the study sites were attributable to acute gastroenteritis. A total of 1433 children were eligible at the 2 sites; 85% were enrolled and 68% provided a stool specimen. Overall, rotavirus was detected in specimens from 27% of children (30% in Cincinnati and 24% in Oakland). Rotavirus detection was higher in bulk stools, compared with rectal swabs, at both Cincinnati (37% vs 23%) and Oakland (46% vs 18%). Patients with rotavirus had more-severe disease than did those with nonrotavirus gastroenteritis. We estimated that the mean annual incidence of emergency department visits attributable to rotavirus was 12 cases per 1000 children in Cincinnati and 15 cases per 1000 children in Oakland. Through extrapolation, we estimated that rotavirus infection causes similar to 260 910 emergency department visits per year among US children. CONCLUSION. Active surveillance demonstrated that the burden of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus disease treated in emergency department settings among US children is substantial and greater than estimated previously. Pediatrics 2008; 122: 971-977 C1 [Yee, Eileen L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yee, Eileen L.; Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M.; Parashar, Umesh; Widdowson, Marc-Alain; Glass, Roger I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Staat, Mary Allen; Bernstein, David I.; Ward, Richard L.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Azimi, Parvin] Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Azimi, Parvin] Res Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. [Schubert, Charles] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Emergency Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Matson, David O.] Ctr Pediat Res, Dept Pediat, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Yee, EL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eyee@cdc.gov OI Widdowson, Marc-Alain/0000-0002-0682-6933 FU Merck; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland FX This research study was supported by grants from Merck. We acknowledge Marina Bischoff, Mary Sandquist, Jareen K. Meinzen-Derr, Carla Hanekamp, and Jacquelyn Keebaugh from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Catherine Morimoto, Midge Maritzen, and Kevin Creighton from Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland for their technical assistance and Jon Gentsch Tara Kerin for their laboratory assistance. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2008 VL 122 IS 5 BP 971 EP 977 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1609 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 367HG UT WOS:000260542500008 PM 18977975 ER PT J AU Haber, P Patel, M Iskander, J Gargiullo, P Baggs, J Parashar, U AF Haber, Penina Patel, Manish Iskander, John Gargiullo, Paul Baggs, James Parashar, Umesh TI Importance of On-time RotaTeq Vaccination and Long-term Active Surveillance In Reply. SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID REASSORTANT ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; INTUSSUSCEPTION; AGE; ROTASHIELD; INFANTS C1 [Haber, Penina; Iskander, John; Gargiullo, Paul; Baggs, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Patel, Manish; Parashar, Umesh] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Haber, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2008 VL 122 IS 5 BP 1154 EP 1154 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-2516 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 367HG UT WOS:000260542500032 ER PT J AU Zhang, YJ Martin, SW Rose, CE Biagini, RE Franzke, LH Smith, JP Sammons, DL Robertson, SA McNeil, MM AF Zhang, Yujia Martin, Stace W. Rose, Charles E., Jr. Biagini, Raymond E. Franzke, Laura H. Smith, Jerry P. Sammons, Deborah L. Robertson, Shirley A. McNeil, Michael M. TI Evaluation of body mass index, pre-vaccination serum progesterone levels and anti-anthrax protective antigen immunoglobulin G on injection site adverse events following anthrax vaccination in women SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE injection site adverse events; body mass index; pre-vaccination serum progesterone levels; pre-vaccination anti-anthrax protective antigen immunoglobulin G ID COVALENT MICROSPHERE IMMUNOASSAY; NEEDLE LENGTH; SAFETY; IMMUNIZATION; INFLAMMATION; ANTIBODIES; TETANUS; OBESITY; HUMANS; GENDER AB Background In 2002, CDC initiated the Anthrax Vaccination Program (AVP) to provide voluntary pre-exposure anthrax vaccination for individuals at high risk for exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores. The AVP offered an opportunity to investigate hypothesized reasons for a reported gender difference in injection site adverse events (AEs) following anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA). Objectives To evaluate in women the impact of body mass index (BMI), pre-vaccination serum progesterone levels, and pre-vaccination anti-anthrax protective antigen immunoglobulin G concentrations (anti-PA IgG) on the occurrence of AEs following subcutaneous AVA vaccination. Methods Participants' BMI was determined at enrollment. Also, pre-vaccination blood samples were assayed for serum progesterone and anti-PA IgG. Post-vaccination solicited AEs were recorded by participants using a 4-day diary card. Results Obese group had an elevated risk for arm soreness. Decreased pre-vaccination serum progesterone level was associated with arm swelling. Increased pre-vaccination anti-PA IgG was associated with itching on the ann; and within the obese group, was associated with arm swelling, lump or knot, redness, soreness, and warmth. Conclusions In AVA vaccinated women, obesity was associated with arm soreness and decreased pre-vaccination serum progesterone levels were associated with increased rate of arm swelling. Increased pre-vaccination anti-PA I-G may be associated with an increased frequency of itching on the arm, and in obese women, may increase the occurrence of arm swelling, lump or knot, redness, and warmth. Administering AVA according to a woman's menstrual phase may reduce the occurrence of certain injection site reactions. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Yujia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martin, Stace W.; Rose, Charles E., Jr.; McNeil, Michael M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunol & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Biagini, Raymond E.; Smith, Jerry P.; Sammons, Deborah L.; Robertson, Shirley A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA USA. [Franzke, Laura H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Div Alliance Management, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McNeil, MM (reprint author), CDC, MC C-25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmm2@cdc.gov FU NIOSH and NIEHS [Y1-ES-0001] FX The authors would like to thank the many volunteers who made this study possible. Also, we thank Lanaya Peterson (Logistics Health, Inc.) for her assistance with the study survey and Aaron Aranas for managing the database. This work was supported in part by an interagency agreement between NIOSH and NIEHS (Y1-ES-0001-Clinical Immunotoxicity). NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1060 EP 1067 DI 10.1002/pds.1657 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 373ZI UT WOS:000261011600003 PM 18781705 ER PT J AU Sui, JH Aird, DR Tamin, A Murakami, A Yan, MY Yammanuru, A Jing, HQ Kan, B Liu, X Zhu, Q Yuan, QA Adams, GP Bellini, WJ Xu, JG Anderson, LJ Marasco, WA AF Sui, Jianhua Aird, Daniel R. Tamin, Azaibi Murakami, Akikazu Yan, Meiying Yammanuru, Anuradha Jing, Huaiqi Kan, Biao Liu, Xin Zhu, Quan Yuan, Qing-an Adams, Gregory P. Bellini, William J. Xu, Jianguo Anderson, Larry J. Marasco, Wayne A. TI Broadening of Neutralization Activity to Directly Block a Dominant Antibody-Driven SARS-Coronavirus Evolution Pathway SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME-2; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION; POTENT NEUTRALIZATION; STRUCTURAL BASIS; B-CELLS; RECEPTOR; PROTEIN; BATS AB Phylogenetic analyses have provided strong evidence that amino acid changes in spike ( S) protein of animal and human SARS coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) during and between two zoonotic transfers (2002/03 and 2003/04) are the result of positive selection. While several studies support that some amino acid changes between animal and human viruses are the result of inter-species adaptation, the role of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in driving SARS-CoV evolution, particularly during intra-species transmission, is unknown. A detailed examination of SARS-CoV infected animal and human convalescent sera could provide evidence of nAb pressure which, if found, may lead to strategies to effectively block virus evolution pathways by broadening the activity of nAbs. Here we show, by focusing on a dominant neutralization epitope, that contemporaneous-and cross-strain nAb responses against SARS-CoV spike protein exist during natural infection. In vitro immune pressure on this epitope using 2002/03 strain-specific nAb 80R recapitulated a dominant escape mutation that was present in all 2003/04 animal and human viruses. Strategies to block this nAb escape/naturally occurring evolution pathway by generating broad nAbs (BnAbs) with activity against 80R escape mutants and both 2002/03 and 2003/04 strains were explored. Structure-based amino acid changes in an activation-induced cytidine deaminase ( AID) "hot spot'' in a light chain CDR ( complementarity determining region) alone, introduced through shuffling of naturally occurring non-immune human VL chain repertoire or by targeted mutagenesis, were successful in generating these BnAbs. These results demonstrate that nAb-mediated immune pressure is likely a driving force for positive selection during intra-species transmission of SARS-CoV. Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of a single VL CDR can markedly broaden the activity of a strain-specific nAb. The strategies investigated in this study, in particular the use of structural information in combination of chain-shuffling as well as hot-spot CDR mutagenesis, can be exploited to broaden neutralization activity, to improve anti-viral nAb therapies, and directly manipulate virus evolution. C1 [Sui, Jianhua; Aird, Daniel R.; Murakami, Akikazu; Yammanuru, Anuradha; Liu, Xin; Zhu, Quan; Marasco, Wayne A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Tamin, Azaibi; Bellini, William J.; Anderson, Larry J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yan, Meiying; Jing, Huaiqi; Kan, Biao; Xu, Jianguo] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yan, Meiying; Jing, Huaiqi; Kan, Biao; Xu, Jianguo] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Communicable Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Qing-an; Adams, Gregory P.] Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. RP Sui, JH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM Jianhua_sui@dfci.harvard.edu; Wayne_marasco@dfci.harvard.edu OI SUI, JIANHUA/0000-0002-1272-9662 FU National Foundation for Cancer Research FX We thank Dr. Wenhui Li for helpful discussion and critical review of the manuscript. We also thank the National Foundation for Cancer Research for financial support in purchasing the FACS Calibur used for flow cytometric analysis performed in this study. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 4 IS 11 AR e1000197 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000197 PG 14 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 380QV UT WOS:000261481200003 PM 18989460 ER PT J AU Towner, JS Sealy, TK Khristova, ML Albarino, CG Conlan, S Reeder, SA Quan, PL Lipkin, WI Downing, R Tappero, JW Okware, S Lutwama, J Bakamutumaho, B Kayiwa, J Comer, JA Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST AF Towner, Jonathan S. Sealy, Tara K. Khristova, Marina L. Albarino, Cesar G. Conlan, Sean Reeder, Serena A. Quan, Phenix-Lan Lipkin, W. Ian Downing, Robert Tappero, Jordan W. Okware, Samuel Lutwama, Julius Bakamutumaho, Barnabas Kayiwa, John Comer, James A. Rollin, Pierre E. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Newly Discovered Ebola Virus Associated with Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak in Uganda SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; MARBURG VIRUSES; VACCINE; KIKWIT; CONGO AB Over the past 30 years, Zaire and Sudan ebolaviruses have been responsible for large hemorrhagic fever (HF) outbreaks with case fatalities ranging from 53% to 90%, while a third species, Cote d'Ivoire ebolavirus, caused a single non-fatal HF case. In November 2007, HF cases were reported in Bundibugyo District, Western Uganda. Laboratory investigation of the initial 29 suspect-case blood specimens by classic methods (antigen capture, IgM and IgG ELISA) and a recently developed randomprimed pyrosequencing approach quickly identified this to be an Ebola HF outbreak associated with a newly discovered ebolavirus species ( Bundibugyo ebolavirus) distantly related to the Cote d'Ivoire ebolavirus found in western Africa. Due to the sequence divergence of this new virus relative to all previously recognized ebolaviruses, these findings have important implications for design of future diagnostic assays to monitor Ebola HF disease in humans and animals, and ongoing efforts to develop effective antivirals and vaccines. C1 [Towner, Jonathan S.; Sealy, Tara K.; Albarino, Cesar G.; Reeder, Serena A.; Comer, James A.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Nichol, Stuart T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Khristova, Marina L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Conlan, Sean; Quan, Phenix-Lan; Lipkin, W. Ian] Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY USA. [Downing, Robert; Tappero, Jordan W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Entebbe, Uganda. [Okware, Samuel] Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Lutwama, Julius; Bakamutumaho, Barnabas; Kayiwa, John] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Towner, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM snichol@cdc.gov RI Conlan, Sean/B-4401-2008 OI Conlan, Sean/0000-0001-6848-3465 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX All funding for this work was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 22 TC 235 Z9 261 U1 5 U2 80 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 4 IS 11 AR e1000212 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000212 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 380QV UT WOS:000261481200017 PM 19023410 ER PT J AU Ryerson, AB Miller, JW Eheman, CR Leadbetter, S White, MC AF Ryerson, A. Blythe Miller, Jacqueline W. Eheman, Christie R. Leadbetter, Steven White, Mary C. TI Recent trends in US mammography use from 2000-2006: A population-based analysis SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Mammogram; Screening; Practice guidelines; Breast neoplasms ID BREAST-CANCER; COVERAGE; OLDER AB Objective. We previously reported a decrease in regular mammogram use from 2000 through 2005. To determine whether a downward trend continued in 2006 we re-examined mammography utilization reported in Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2000 through 2006. Methods. Age-adjusted percentages of women who reported having had a mammogram in the past 2 years were estimated by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Logistic regression was used to assess the linear time trends. Results. The total age-adjusted proportion of all women aged >= 40 years who reported having had a mammogram within the 2 preceding years did not change when comparing data from 2000 (76.5%[95% CI: 75.9-77.0]) to 2006 (76.1% [75.7-76.61). However, among those with health care coverage, a statistically significant decline in utilization occurred among women age 40 through 59 years, and non-Hispanic white women. Conclusions. A substantial proportion of women are not being screened by mammography as recommended. Recent data suggest that patterns of utilization have leveled off or declined among certain subgroups of women. These data underscore the need to more effectively address current barriers to the utilization of mammography. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ryerson, A. Blythe; Miller, Jacqueline W.; Eheman, Christie R.; Leadbetter, Steven; White, Mary C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ryerson, AB (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ARyerson@cdc.gov RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 29 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 477 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.06.010 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 385MV UT WOS:000261819200004 PM 18602946 ER PT J AU Conrey, EJ Lindner, C Estivariz, C Pereira, M Welsh, J Vignolo, J Fishbein, D Khan, LK Grummer-Strawn, L AF Conrey, E. J. Lindner, C. Estivariz, C. Pereira, M. Welsh, J. Vignolo, J. Fishbein, D. Khan, L. Kettel Grummer-Strawn, L. TI Thyrotoxicosis outbreak linked to consumption of minced beef and chorizo: Minas, Uruguay, 2003-2004 SO PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Outbreak; Thyrotoxicosis; Thyroid gland; Uruguay; Minced beef; Hyperthyroidism ID IODINE-INDUCED HYPERTHYROIDISM; THYROXINE INGESTION; SERUM THYROGLOBULIN; THYROIDITIS; DISEASE; EXCESS AB Objectives: Thyrotoxicosis is produced by excessive quantities of thyroid hormone. Its most common causes involve inflammation of the thyroid gland. Much more rarely, thyrotoxicosis is due to exogenous intake of thyroid hormones or iodide compounds. Few outbreaks are documented. In 2003 to early 2004, doctors in Minas, Uruguay noted a sharp increase in the incidence of thyrotoxicosis in a neighbourhood, with multiple cases within families. The objective of this study was to identify the source of the outbreak. Study design: A case-control study was conducted following surveillance and environmental inspection. Methods: Case patients were symptomatic residents of Minas with documented thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations <0.1 mu Ul/ml. or <0.49 mu Ul/ml and elevated free triiodothyronine or free thyroxine. Control subjects were frequency matched with case patients by barrio of residence and age. Case patients, control subjects and persons who prepared and purchased household food were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. Odds ratios adjusted (AOR) for age and gender were calculated by logistic regression in SUDAAN to account for neighbourhood and family clustering. Results: Fifty-nine case patients aged 9-74 years (median 39 years) were identified. Of the 56 interviewed, 52% were women and 71% resided in one barrio. Case patients were more Likely than control subjects to eat minced beef at least weekly and purchase it from Butcher A [AOR 6.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.61-14.46], and were more likely to eat chorizo at least weekly and purchase it from Butcher B (AOR 11.6; 95% CI 1.30-102.27). One beef supplier selling meat cuts containing thyroid gland was identified. Conclusions: The most likely cause of this outbreak of thyrotoxicosis was consumption of minced beef and chorizo contaminated with thyroid gland. Tight regulation and oversight of slaughter, processing, and sales of meat and meat products are imperative for prevention of future outbreaks. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Institute of Public Health. C1 [Conrey, E. J.; Welsh, J.; Khan, L. Kettel; Grummer-Strawn, L.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lindner, C.; Pereira, M.; Vignolo, J.] Minist Publ Hlth, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Estivariz, C.; Fishbein, D.] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Conrey, EJ (reprint author), Ohio Dept Hlth, Div Family & Community Hlth Serv, 246 N High St,5th Floor, Columbus, OH 43216 USA. EM elizabethj.conrey@odh.ohio.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0033-3506 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH JI Public Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 122 IS 11 BP 1264 EP 1274 DI 10.1016/j.puhe.2008.03.017 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 378CU UT WOS:000261299500019 PM 18602654 ER PT J AU Sanchez, TH Sullivan, PS AF Sanchez, Travis H. Sullivan, Patrick S. TI EXPANDING THE HORIZONS: NEW APPROACHES TO PROVIDING HIV TESTING SERVICES IN THE UNITED STATES SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID STRATEGIES C1 [Sanchez, Travis H.] CDC, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick S.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sanchez, TH (reprint author), CDC, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 123 SU 3 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 364ZJ UT WOS:000260374300001 PM 19172702 ER PT J AU Heffelefinger, JD Sullivan, PS Branson, BM Mastro, TD Purcell, DW Griffiths, SD Romaguera, RA Janssen, RS AF Heffelefinger, James D. Sullivan, Patrick S. Branson, Bernard M. Mastro, Timothy D. Purcell, David W. Griffiths, Sean D. Romaguera, Raul A. Janssen, Robert S. TI Advancing HIV Prevention Demonstration Projects: New Strategies for a Changing Epidemic SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID RISK; SETTINGS; BEHAVIOR C1 [Heffelefinger, James D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Heffelefinger, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM izh7@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587; Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 43 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 123 SU 3 BP 5 EP 15 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 364ZJ UT WOS:000260374300002 PM 19172707 ER PT J AU Farnham, PG Hutchinson, AB Sansom, SL Branson, BM AF Farnham, Paul G. Hutchinson, Angela B. Sansom, Stephanie L. Branson, Bernard M. TI Comparing the Costs of HIV Screening Strategies and Technologies in Health-Care Settings SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PREVENTION; EXPERIENCE; METAANALYSIS; EFFICACY; BEHAVIOR; STATES AB Objectives. In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended routine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening for people aged 13 to 64 years in all U.S. health-care settings. Earlier recommendations focused on those at high risk for HIV and included more extensive pretest counseling. HIV screening may also involve either rapid or conventional testing. The purpose of this research was to estimate the costs of these different testing procedures and the cost per HIV-infected patient correctly receiving test results in three health-care scenarios that illustrated these policy differences. Methods. The study estimated the costs of rapid and conventional HIV testing in the following scenarios: (1) sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic counseling and testing (CT), (2) STD clinic screening, and (3) emergency department (ED) screening. Costs were estimated from the provider perspective in 2006 dollars. A decision analytic model was developed to estimate the cost per HIV-infected patient notified of test results using the two testing procedures in the three scenarios. Results. Although the complete rapid testing procedure was more expensive than conventional testing, the cost per HIV-infected patient receiving test results was lower for the rapid test compared with conventional testing in all scenarios. Per-patient costs of receiving results were lowest in the ED screening scenario and highest in the STD CT scenario. These costs were sensitive to changes in test costs, HIV prevalence, and return rates following conventional tests. Conclusion. HIV screening in general health-care settings is economically feasible, particularly with rapid tests that lower the cost of HIV-infected patients receiving their test results. C1 [Farnham, Paul G.; Hutchinson, Angela B.; Sansom, Stephanie L.; Branson, Bernard M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Farnham, Paul G.] Georgia State Univ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Farnham, PG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-48, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pgfl@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 123 SU 3 BP 51 EP 62 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 364ZJ UT WOS:000260374300007 PM 19166089 ER PT J AU Bowles, KE Clark, HA Tai, E Sullivan, PS Song, BW Tsang, J Dietz, CA Mir, J Mares-DelGrasso, A Calhoun, C Aguirre, D Emerson, C Heffelfinger, JD AF Bowles, Kristina E. Clark, Hollie A. Tai, Eric Sullivan, Patrick S. Song, Binwei Tsang, Jenny Dietz, Craig A. Mir, Julita Mares-DelGrasso, Azul Calhoun, Cindy Aguirre, Daisy Emerson, Cicily Heffelfinger, James D. TI Implementing Rapid HIV Testing in Outreach and Community Settings: Results from an Advancing HIV Prevention Demonstration Project Conducted in Seven US Cities SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CLIENTS AB Objectives. The goals of this project were to assess the feasibility of conducting rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in outreach and community settings to increase knowledge of HIV serostatus among groups disproportionately affected by HIV and to identify effective nonclinical venues for recruiting people in the targeted populations. Methods. Community-based organizations (CBOs) in seven U.S. cities conducted rapid HIV testing in outreach and community settings, including public parks, homeless shelters, and bars. People with reactive preliminary positive test results received confirmatory testing, and people confirmed to be HIV-positive were referred to health-care and prevention services. Results. A total of 23,900 people received rapid HIV testing. Of the 267 people (1.1%) with newly diagnosed HIV infection, 75% received their confirmatory test results and 64% were referred to care. Seventy-six percent were from racial/ethnic minority groups, and 58% identified themselves as men who have sex with men, 72% of whom reported having multiple sex partners in the past year. Venues with the highest proportion of new HIV diagnoses were bathhouses, social service organizations, and needle-exchange programs. The acceptance rate for testing was 60% among sites collecting this information. Conclusions. Findings from this demonstration project indicate that offering rapid HIV testing in outreach and community settings is a feasible approach for reaching members of minority groups and people at high risk for HIV infection. The project identified venues that would be important to target and offered lessons that could be used by other CBOs to design and implement similar programs in the future. C1 [Bowles, Kristina E.; Clark, Hollie A.; Tai, Eric; Sullivan, Patrick S.; Song, Binwei; Heffelfinger, James D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tsang, Jenny] Night Minist, Chicago, IL USA. [Dietz, Craig A.] Kansas City Free Clin, Kansas City, MO USA. [Mir, Julita] Dotwell, Dorchester, MA USA. [Mares-DelGrasso, Azul] AIDS Healthcare Fdn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Calhoun, Cindy] Community Hlth Awareness Grp, Detroit, MI USA. [Aguirre, Daisy] Bienestar Human Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Emerson, Cicily] Tenderloin Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Bowles, KE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM KBowles@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI DIETZ, CRAIG/0000-0002-7036-9175; Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 16 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 123 SU 3 BP 78 EP 85 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 364ZJ UT WOS:000260374300010 PM 19172705 ER PT J AU Clark, HA Bowles, KE Song, BW Heffelfinger, JD AF Clark, Hollie A. Bowles, Kristina E. Song, Binwei Heffelfinger, James D. TI Implementation of Rapid HIV Testing Programs in Community and Outreach Settings: Perspectives from Staff at Eight Community-Based Organizations in Seven US Cities SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CLIENTS; MEN AB Objectives. The goals of this research were to evaluate perceptions of staff about the effectiveness of methods used by eight community-based organizations (CBOs) to implement human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and rapid testing in community and outreach settings in seven U.S. cities, and to identify operational challenges. Methods. A survey was administered to CBO staff to determine their perceptions about the effectiveness of methods used to select testing venues, promote their testing programs, recruit people for testing, provide test results, and link HIV-positive people to health care. Using a Likert scale, respondents rated the effectiveness of methods, their agreement with statements about using mobile testing units (MTUs) and rapid HIV test kits, and operational challenges. Results. Most respondents perceived the methods they used for selecting testing venues, and particularly using recommendations from people receiving testing, to be effective. Most respondents also thought their promotional activities were effective. Respondents believed that using MTUs improved their capacity to reach high-risk individuals, but that MTUs were associated with substantial challenges (e.g., costs to purchase and maintain them). Programmatic challenges included training staff to provide counseling and testing, locating and providing confirmatory test results to people with reactive rapid tests, and sustaining testing programs. Conclusions. CBO staff thought the methods used to select venues for HIV testing were effective and that using MTUs increased their ability to provide testing to high-risk individuals. However, using MTUs was expensive and posed logistical difficulties. CBOs planning to implement similar programs should take these findings into consideration and pay particular attention to training needs and program sustainability. C1 [Clark, Hollie A.; Bowles, Kristina E.; Song, Binwei; Heffelfinger, James D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Clark, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM HClark@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 123 SU 3 BP 86 EP 93 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 364ZJ UT WOS:000260374300011 PM 19166092 ER PT J AU Shrestha, RK Clark, HA Sansom, SL Song, BW Buckendahl, H Calhoun, CB Hutchinson, AB Heffelfinger, JD AF Shrestha, Ram K. Clark, Hollie A. Sansom, Stephanie L. Song, Binwei Buckendahl, Holly Calhoun, Cindy B. Hutchinson, Angela B. Heffelfinger, James D. TI Cost-Effectiveness of Finding New HIV Diagnoses Using Rapid HIV Testing in Community-Based Organizations SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PARTNER-NOTIFICATION; PREVENTION; VIRUS; INFECTION AB Objective. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of determining new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses using rapid HIV testing performed by community-based organizations (CBOs) in Kansas City, Missouri, and Detroit, Michigan. Methods. The CBOs performed rapid HIV testing during April 2004 through March 2006. In Kansas City, testing was performed in a clinic and in outreach settings. In Detroit, testing was performed in outreach settings only. Both CBOs used mobile testing vans. Measures of effectiveness were the number of HIV tests performed and the number of people notified of new HIV diagnoses, based on rapid tests. We retrospectively collected program costs, including those for personnel, test kits, mobile vans, and facility space. Results. The CBO in Kansas City tested a mean of 855 people a year in its clinic and 703 people a year in outreach settings. The number of people notified of new HIV diagnoses was 19 (2.2%) in the clinic and five (0.7%) in outreach settings. The CBO in Detroit tested 976 people a year in outreach settings, and the number notified of new HIV diagnoses was 15 (1.5%). In Kansas City, the cost per person notified of a new HIV diagnosis was $3,637 in the clinic and $16,985 in outreach settings. In the Detroit outreach settings, the cost per notification was $13,448. Conclusions. The cost of providing a new HIV diagnosis was considerably higher in the outreach settings than in the clinic. The variation can be largely explained by differences in the number of undiagnosed infections among the people tested and by the costs of purchasing and operating a mobile van. C1 [Shrestha, Ram K.; Clark, Hollie A.; Sansom, Stephanie L.; Song, Binwei; Hutchinson, Angela B.; Heffelfinger, James D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Buckendahl, Holly] Kansas City Free Hlth Clin, Kansas City, MO USA. [Calhoun, Cindy B.] Community Hlth Awareness Grp, Detroit, MI USA. RP Shrestha, RK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-48, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM biu0@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 123 SU 3 BP 94 EP 100 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 364ZJ UT WOS:000260374300012 PM 19166093 ER PT J AU Schulden, JD Song, BW Barros, A Mares-DelGrasso, A Martin, CW Ramirez, R Smith, LC Wheeler, DP Oster, AM Sullivan, PS Heffelfinger, JD AF Schulden, Jeffrey D. Song, Binwei Barros, Alex Mares-DelGrasso, Azul Martin, Charles W. Ramirez, Ramon Smith, Linney C. Wheeler, Darrell P. Oster, Alexandra M. Sullivan, Patrick S. Heffelfinger, James D. TI Rapid HIV Testing in Transgender Communities by Community-Based Organizations in Three Cities SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RISK BEHAVIORS; SAN-FRANCISCO; HEALTH-CARE; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; WOMEN AB Objectives. This article describes the demographic and behavioral characteristics, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing history, and results of HIV testing of transgender (TG) people recruited for rapid HIV testing by community-based organizations (CBOs) in three cities. Methods. CBOs in Miami Beach, Florida, New York City, and San Francisco offered TG people rapid HIV testing and prevention services, and conducted a brief survey. Participants were recruited in outreach settings using various strategies. The survey collected information on demographic characteristics, HIV risk behaviors, and HIV testing history. Results. Among 559 male-to-female (MTF) TG participants, 12% were newly diagnosed with HIV infection. None of the 42 female-to-male participants were newly diagnosed with HIV. A large proportion of MTF TG participants reported high-risk behaviors in the past year, including 37% who reported unprotected receptive anal intercourse and 44% who reported commercial sex work. Several factors were independently associated with increased likelihood of being newly diagnosed with HIV infection among MTF TG participants, including having a partner of unknown HIV status in the past year; being 20-29 or >= 40 years of age; having last been tested for HIV more than 12 months ago; and having been recruited at the New York City site. Conclusions. Based on the high proportion of undiagnosed HIV infection among those tested, TG people represent an important community for enhanced HIV testing and prevention efforts. MTF TG people should be encouraged to have an HIV test at least annually or more often if indicated, based upon clinical findings or risk behaviors. Efforts should continue for developing novel strategies to overcome barriers and provide HIV testing and prevention services to TG people. C1 [Schulden, Jeffrey D.; Song, Binwei; Oster, Alexandra M.; Sullivan, Patrick S.; Heffelfinger, James D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Barros, Alex] Alaskan AIDS Assistance Assoc, Anchorage, AK USA. [Mares-DelGrasso, Azul; Ramirez, Ramon] AIDS Healthcare Fdn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Martin, Charles W.] S Beach AIDS Project, Miami Beach, FL USA. [Smith, Linney C.] Housing Works Inc, New York, NY USA. [Wheeler, Darrell P.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Sch Social Work, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Schulden, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM schuldenj@nida.nih.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 21 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 123 SU 3 BP 101 EP 114 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 364ZJ UT WOS:000260374300013 PM 19166094 ER PT J AU Thomas, PE Voetsch, AC Song, B Calloway, D Goode, C Mundey, L Nobles, J Sly, K Smith, MR Williams, B Shiloh, M Patterson, K Ward, S Sullivan, PS Heffelfinger, JD AF Thomas, Peter E. Voetsch, Andrew C. Song, Binwei Calloway, Denyce Goode, Carolyn Mundey, Lynette Nobles, Joanne Sly, Kaye Smith, Michelle R. Williams, Brenda Shiloh, Mattie Patterson, Kevin Ward, Sybil Sullivan, Patrick S. Heffelfinger, James D. TI HIV Risk Behaviors and Testing History in Historically Black College and University Settings SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL BEHAVIORS; STUDENTS; WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; HIV/AIDS; AIDS; MEN AB Objectives. From 2001 through 2005, African Americans accounted for the largest percentage of new cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in all age categories, especially among people aged 13 to 24 years. Although students attending historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) report many of the behaviors that promote HIV transmission, their risk behaviors and HIV testing practices have not been well-characterized. We compared the demographic and behavioral characteristics of people who have been previously tested for HIV with those of people tested for the first time in this demonstration project to increase HIV testing at HBCUs. Methods. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and collaborating partners conducted rapid HIV testing and behavioral surveys at HBCUs in Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, and Washington, D.C., from January 2005 to April 2007. We recruited a convenience sample of students and community members at different campus venues including student health centers, dormitories, and student activity centers. Results. Our analysis included 5,291 people, 42% of whom reported they had never been tested for HIV. People who had been tested in the past were more likely to be older, believe they were at high risk for infection, have visited a health-care facility, and report behaviors that increased their risk of HIV infection. Conclusion. Respondents who believed they were at increased risk for HIV infection or reported behaviors that increased their risk for infection were more likely to have been tested for HIV. Future research should compare actual vs. perceived risk for HIV infection and contrast how each impacts HIV testing. C1 [Thomas, Peter E.; Voetsch, Andrew C.; Song, Binwei; Sullivan, Patrick S.; Heffelfinger, James D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Calloway, Denyce; Goode, Carolyn; Mundey, Lynette] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Nobles, Joanne] Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA USA. [Sly, Kaye; Patterson, Kevin] Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS USA. [Smith, Michelle R.; Ward, Sybil] Jefferson Comprehens Care Inc, Pine Bluff, AR USA. [Williams, Brenda; Shiloh, Mattie] Albany State Univ, Albany, GA USA. RP Thomas, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pbt7@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 123 SU 3 BP 115 EP 125 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 364ZJ UT WOS:000260374300014 PM 19166095 ER PT J AU Begley, EB Oster, AM Song, B Lesondak, L Voorhees, K Esquivel, M Merrick, RL Carrel, J Sebesta, D Vergeront, J Shrestha, D Heffelfinger, JD AF Begley, Elin B. Oster, Alexandra M. Song, Binwei Lesondak, Linda Voorhees, Kelly Esquivel, Magdalena Merrick, Ronald L. Carrel, Jack Sebesta, Douglas Vergeront, James Shrestha, Dhana Heffelfinger, James D. TI Incorporating Rapid HIV Testing into Partner Counseling and Referral Services SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NOTIFICATION; INFECTION; FAILURE; RETURN; PREVENTION; COLORADO; BARRIERS; OUTCOMES; PROGRAM AB Objectives. Partner counseling and referral services (PCRS) provide a unique opportunity to decrease transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by notifying sex and drug-injection partners of HIV-infected individuals of their exposure to HIV. We incorporated rapid HIV testing into PCRS to reduce barriers associated with conventional HIV testing and identify undiagnosed HIV infection within this high-risk population. Methods. From April 2004 through June 2006, HIV-infected people (index clients) were interviewed, and their partners were notified of their potential exposure to HIV and offered rapid HIV testing at six sites in the United States. The numbers of index clients participating and the numbers of partners interviewed and tested were compared by site. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Results. A total of 2,678 index clients were identified, of whom 779 (29%) provided partner locating information. A total of 1,048 partners were elicited, of whom 463 (44%) were both interviewed and tested for HIV. Thirty-seven partners (8%) were newly diagnosed with HIV. The number of index clients interviewed to identify one partner with newly diagnosed HIV infection ranged from 10 to 137 at the participating sites. Conclusions. PCRS provides testing and prevention services to people at high risk for HIV infection. Incorporating rapid HIV testing into PCRS and identifying previously undiagnosed infections likely confer individual and public health benefits. Further evaluation is needed to determine the best methods of identifying partners with previously unrecognized HIV infection. C1 [Begley, Elin B.; Oster, Alexandra M.; Song, Binwei; Heffelfinger, James D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lesondak, Linda] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Voorhees, Kelly] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Carrel, Jack] Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. [Sebesta, Douglas] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Vergeront, James; Shrestha, Dhana] Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. RP Begley, EB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eqb5@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 123 SU 3 BP 126 EP 135 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 364ZJ UT WOS:000260374300015 PM 19166096 ER PT J AU Vrijheid, M Cardis, E Ashmore, P Auvinen, A Gilbert, E Habib, RR Malker, H Muirhead, CR Richardson, DB Rogel, A Schubauer-Berigan, M Tardy, H Telle-Lamberton, M AF Vrijheid, Martine Cardis, Elisabeth Ashmore, Patrick Auvinen, Anssi Gilbert, Ethel Habib, Rima R. Malker, Hans Muirhead, Colin R. Richardson, David B. Rogel, Agnes Schubauer-Berigan, Mary Tardy, Helene Telle-Lamberton, Maylis CA 15-Country Study Grp TI Ionizing Radiation and Risk of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the 15-Country Study of Nuclear Industry Workers SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CANCER-RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COUNTRIES; LYMPHOMA AB In contrast to other types of leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has long been regarded as non-radiogenic, i.e. not caused by ionizing radiation. However, the justification for this view has been challenged. We therefore report on the relationship between CLL mortality and external ionizing radiation dose within the 15-country nuclear workers cohort study. The analyses included, in seven countries with CLL deaths, a total of 295,963 workers with more than 4.5 million person-years of follow-up and an average cumulative bone marrow dose of 15 mSv; there were 65 CLL deaths in this cohort. The relative risk (RR) at an occupational dose of 100 mSv compared to 0 mSv was 0.84 (95% CI 0.39, 1.48) under the assumption of a 10-year exposure lag. Analyses of longer lag periods showed little variation in the RR, but they included very small numbers of cases with relatively high doses. In conclusion, the largest nuclear workers cohort study to date finds little evidence for an association between low doses of external ionizing radiation and CLL mortality. This study had little power due to low doses, short follow up periods, and uncertainties in CLL ascertainment from death certificates; an extended follow-up of the cohorts is merited and would ideally include incident cancer cases. (c) 2008 by Radiation Research Society C1 [Vrijheid, Martine; Cardis, Elisabeth] Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Municipal Inst Med Res IMIM, Barcelona, Spain. [Vrijheid, Martine; Cardis, Elisabeth; Tardy, Helene] Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. [Ashmore, Patrick] Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bureau, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Auvinen, Anssi] Univ Tampere, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. [Auvinen, Anssi] STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki, Finland. [Gilbert, Ethel] NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Habib, Rima R.] Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Hlth Sci, Lebanon, NH USA. [Malker, Hans] Sundsvall Hosp, Midsweden Res & Dev Ctr, Sundsvall, Sweden. [Muirhead, Colin R.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Richardson, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Rogel, Agnes; Telle-Lamberton, Maylis] Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. [Schubauer-Berigan, Mary] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Vrijheid, M (reprint author), Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Municipal Inst Med Res IMIM, Barcelona, Spain. EM mvrijheid@creal.cat RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009; Gulis, Gabriel/E-4505-2013; Cardis, Elisabeth/C-3904-2017; Vrijheid, M/H-2702-2014; OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X; Vrijheid, M/0000-0002-7090-1758; Auvinen, Anssi/0000-0003-1125-4818; Gulis, Gabriel/0000-0002-8174-4591 FU NIOSH [211-2004-M-08102]; European Union [F13P-CT930066, F14P-CT96-0062, FIGH-CTI999-20001]; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CCU011778]; Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission; Japanese Institute for Radiation Epidemiology; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation; Health Canada and Statistics Canada; La Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; La Compagnie Generale des Matiere Nucleaire, France; Electricite de France; UK Health and Safety Executive; U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors thank the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH (R. D. Daniels and S. Silver), for instigating the CLL project. We also acknowledge Prof. G. Howe (deceased) for providing the data for the U.S. NPP cohort. Funding for this project was received from NIOSH (contract 211-2004-M-08102). Financial support for coordination of the International Study was provided by the European Union (contracts F13P-CT930066, F14P-CT96-0062, FIGH-CTI999-20001), U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Co-operative agreement U50/CCU011778), the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, and the Japanese Institute for Radiation Epidemiology. Funding sources for the national studies included: Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation; Health Canada and Statistics Canada; La Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; La Compagnie Generale des Matiere Nucleaire, France; Electricite de France; the UK Health and Safety Executive; U.S. Department of Energy. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 170 IS 5 BP 661 EP 665 DI 10.1667/RR1443.1 PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 367ZO UT WOS:000260591300012 PM 18959468 ER PT J AU Sinha, A Constenla, D Valencia, JE O'Loughlin, R Gomez, E de la Hoz, F Valenzuela, MT de Quadros, CA AF Sinha, Anushua Constenla, Dagna Valencia, Juan Esteban O'Loughlin, Rosalyn Gomez, Elizabeth de la Hoz, Fernando Valenzuela, Maria Teresa de Quadros, Ciro A. TI Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean: a regional analysis SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Regional Pneumococcal Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2006 CL Sao Paulo, BRAZIL SP Sabin Vaccine Inst DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; pneumococcal vaccines; costs and cost analysis; decision trees; otitis media; pneumonia; sepsis; meningitis; Latin America and the Caribbean ID CHILDREN YOUNGER; HERD-IMMUNITY; UNITED-STATES; OTITIS-MEDIA; DISEASE; PNEUMONIA; VACCINES; AGE; IMMUNOGENICITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective. In Latin America and the Caribbean, routine vaccination of infants against Streptococcus pneumoniae would need substantial investment by governments and donor organizations. Policymakers need information about the projected health benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of vaccination when considering these investments. Our aim was to incorporate vaccine, demographic, epidemiologic, and cost data into an economic analysis of pneumococcal vaccination of infants in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods. We previously used a structured literature review to develop regional estimates of the incidence of disease. Cost data were collected from physician interviews and public fee schedules. We then constructed a decision analytic model to compare pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of infants with no vaccination across this region, examining only vaccine's direct effects on children. Results. Pneumococcal vaccination at the rate of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine coverage was projected to prevent 9 500 deaths per year in children aged 0 to 5 years in the region, or approximately one life saved per 1 100 infants vaccinated. These saved lives as well as averted cases of deafness, motor deficit, and seizure result in 321 000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) being averted annually. At vaccine prices between US$5 and US$53 per dose, the cost per DALY averted from a societal perspective would range from US$ 154 to US$5 252. Conclusion. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was highly cost-effective up to $40 per dose. Introduction of pneumococcal vaccine in the Latin American and Caribbean region is projected to reduce childhood mortality and to be highly cost-effective across a range of possible costs. C1 [Sinha, Anushua] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07090 USA. [Sinha, Anushua] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Newark, NJ 07090 USA. [Valencia, Juan Esteban] Univ CES, Medellin, Colombia. [O'Loughlin, Rosalyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gomez, Elizabeth] Secretaria Estado Salud Publ, Direcc Gen Epidemiol, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. [de la Hoz, Fernando] Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Med, Bogota, Colombia. [Valenzuela, Maria Teresa] Univ Los Andes, Dept Salud Publ & Epidemiol, Fac Med, Santiago, Chile. [de Quadros, Ciro A.] Sabin Vaccine Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Sinha, A (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, 185 S Orange Ave,MSB F506, Newark, NJ 07090 USA. EM sinhaan1@umdnj.edu NR 49 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 304 EP 313 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 397IB UT WOS:000262655000002 PM 19141172 ER PT J AU Tian, LH Peterman, TA Tao, G Brooks, LC Metcalf, C Malotte, CK Paul, SM Douglas, JM AF Tian, Lin H. Peterman, Thomas A. Tao, Guoyu Brooks, Lesley C. Metcalf, Carol Malotte, C. Kevin Paul, Sindy M. Douglas, John M., Jr. CA Respect-2 Study Grp TI Heterosexual Anal Sex Activity in the Year After an STD Clinic Visit SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LONGITUDINAL DATA; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RISK BEHAVIORS; HIV; TRANSMISSION; INTERCOURSE; PREVALENCE; CALIFORNIA AB Objectives: To describe heterosexual anal sex activity during a year and to identify factors associated with heterosexual anal sex and condom use during anal sex. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a trial conducted in 3 public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. Patients described sexual behaviors every 3-months for the year. Logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to include multiple observations for each subject. Results: Two thousand three hundred fifty-seven heterosexual subjects reported on 6611 3-month intervals that included 9235 partnerships. About 18.3% of subjects had anal sex in a particular 3-month interval and 39.3% in the year. About 23.5% of subjects had anal sex in at least two 3-month intervals in the year. Anal sex was associated with having more sex acts, 2 or more sex partners, unprotected vaginal sex, and a main partner. For anal sex in the past 3 months, 27.3% of subjects consistently used condoms, and 63% of subjects never used condoms. Consistent condom use for anal sex was associated with having consistent condom use for vaginal sex, 2 or more partners, and anal sex with casual or new partner. Conclusion: STD clinic patients were commonly engaged in heterosexual anal sex, and most of them never used condoms during anal sex. Patients who had anal sex tended to also engage in other risk behaviors that put them at risk of STD/human immunodeficiency virus. Clinicians should ask about anal sex, appropriately examine and test patients who have had anal sex, and recommend condom use for both anal and vaginal sex. C1 [Tian, Lin H.; Peterman, Thomas A.; Tao, Guoyu; Brooks, Lesley C.; Douglas, John M., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Metcalf, Carol] Human Sci Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa. [Malotte, C. Kevin] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Paul, Sindy M.] New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Tian, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LTian@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 BP 905 EP 909 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318181294b PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 367ZY UT WOS:000260592300001 PM 18685549 ER PT J AU Leichliter, JS AF Leichliter, Jami S. TI Heterosexual Anal Sex: Part of an Expanding Sexual Repertoire? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIGH-RISK; TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; HIV-INFECTION; BEHAVIOR; INTERCOURSE; PREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; WOMEN; AIDS; MEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Leichliter, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JLeichliter@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 BP 910 EP 911 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818af12f PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 367ZY UT WOS:000260592300002 PM 18813143 ER PT J AU Kissinger, P Liddon, N Schmidt, N Curtin, E Salinas, O Narvaez, A AF Kissinger, Patricia Liddon, Nicole Schmidt, Norine Curtin, Erin Salinas, Oscar Narvaez, Alfredo TI HIV/STI Risk Behaviors Among Latino Migrant Workers in New Orleans Post-Hurricane Katrina Disaster SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CAROLINA; IMMIGRANT MEN; HIV RISK; MEXICAN; PREVALENCE; CALIFORNIA AB Objectives: A rapid influx of Latino migrant workers came to New Orleans after Hurricane-Katrina. Many of these men were unaccompanied by their primary sex partner potentially placing them at highrisk for HIV/STIs. The purpose of this study was to assess HIV/STI sexual risk behavior of these men. Methods: A venue-based sample of Latinos who came to New Orleans post-Hurricane Katrina were administered an anonymous, structured interview in Spanish in a mobile unit and urine tested for Chlanzydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhea (GC) using the nucleic acid amplification technique. Results: Participants (n = 180) had a mean age of 33 (range, 18-79), did not speak or understand English very well (93.9%), were undocumented (91.2%), were married (63.5%), and had children (67.4%), though the percent living with spouse and children was 6.1% and 4.9%, respectively. Although most men were born in Honduras (49.7%) and Mexico (25.4%),61.9% came to New Orleans from another US state. The majority drank alcohol in the past week (75.5%), and of those, 68.7% engaged in binge drinking. A lower percentage used marijuana (16.6%) and cocaine (5.5%) at least once in the prior week. No men reported injection drug use. Self-reported history of HIV was 10%. No men tested positive for GC and 5 (2.8%) tested positive for CT. In the last month, 68.9% engaged in sex with high-risk sex partners, 30.0% were in potential bridge position, 50.0% used condoms inconsistently, 30.6% did not use a condom the last time they had sex, and 21.1% were abstinent. Since arriving, 9.4% reported leaving and returning to New Orleans. Conclusion: Latino migrant workers in New Orleans reported risky sexual behaviors and low condom use within a potential bridge position. Although a low prevalence of CT and GC was found, there was a high percent of self-reported HIV infection. The cultural and contextual factors that place these migrant workers and their sex partner(s) at risk for HIV/STI need further investigation. C1 [Kissinger, Patricia; Schmidt, Norine; Curtin, Erin; Salinas, Oscar; Narvaez, Alfredo] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70012 USA. [Liddon, Nicole] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kissinger, P (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, SL-18,1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70012 USA. EM kissing@tulane.edu FU The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; American Schools of Public Health Cooperative Agreement [S3192-23/23]; Tulane University Stone Center FX Supported by grants from The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American Schools of Public Health Cooperative Agreement S3192-23/23 and the Tulane University Stone Center. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 BP 924 EP 929 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31817fa2cc PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 367ZY UT WOS:000260592300007 PM 18607305 ER PT J AU Dunne, EF Chapin, JB Rietmeijer, CA Kent, CK Ellen, JM Gaydos, CA Willard, NJ Kohn, R Lloyd, L Thomas, S Birkjukow, N Chung, S Klausner, J Schillinger, JA Markowitz, LE AF Dunne, Eileen F. Chapin, Johanna B. Rietmeijer, Cornelis A. Kent, Charlotte K. Ellen, Jonathan M. Gaydos, Charlotte A. Willard, Nancy Jo Kohn, Robert Lloyd, Laura Thomas, Stuart Birkjukow, Nate Chung, S. Klausner, Jeffrey Schillinger, Julia A. Markowitz, Lauri E. TI Rate and Predictors of Repeat Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Among Men SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID YOUNG-ADULTS; US CITIES; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; PERSISTENT; MALES AB Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection, especially repeat infection, is associated with serious sequelae among women. including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. There are few reports evaluating repeat infection and predictors among men treated for Ct infection. Objective: To measure the predictors and incidence of repeat Ct infection among men. Methods: Men 15 to 35 years of age were screened for Ct infection in different venues in Baltimore, Denver, and San Francisco using urine-based nucleic acid amplification tests. Men with Ct infection were evaluated for repeat Ct infection from February 2001 until September 2003. Enrolled men had a baseline, 1-month, and 4-month follow-up visit and were tested for Ct infection at each visit. Project staff sought to locate and notify all female sex partners of infected me., during the study to provide testing and treatment. We evaluated predictors of repeat Ct infection, time to infection, and incidence of infection. Results: Three hundred fifty-nine men were recruited into the study and 272 (76%) had at least 1 follow-up visit with Ct results. Repeat infection occurred in 13% of men with Ct infection; there was no significant difference in repeat infection by site (Denver 13%, Baltimore 13%, San Francisco 12%). Independent predictors of repeat infection were history of an STD and venue. Incidence of repeat infection was 45.4 infections per 100 person years. Conclusion: Repeat Ct infection is common among men and similar in geographically distinct cities. Incidence of repeat Ct infection support routine rescreening of men within the first 3 months after Ct infection. C1 [Dunne, Eileen F.; Chapin, Johanna B.; Schillinger, Julia A.; Markowitz, Lauri E.] CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, DSTD, NCHHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rietmeijer, Cornelis A.; Lloyd, Laura; Thomas, Stuart] Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. [Kent, Charlotte K.; Kohn, Robert; Birkjukow, Nate; Klausner, Jeffrey] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Ellen, Jonathan M.; Gaydos, Charlotte A.; Willard, Nancy Jo; Chung, S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat & Adolescent Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Dunne, EF (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, DSTD, NCHHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dde9@cdc.gov RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U30/CCU317876, U30/CCU817944, U30/CCU917900] FX The authors thank Jeanne Marrazzo, Jim Braxton, and Tom Gift for their contributions to this study and article.; Supported by a cooperative agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U30/CCU317876: U30/CCU817944: U30/CCU917900). NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 SU S BP S40 EP S44 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31817247b2 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 367ZZ UT WOS:000260592400008 PM 18520978 ER PT J AU Dunne, EF Gift, TL Stamm, WE AF Dunne, Eileen F. Gift, Thomas L. Stamm, Walter E. TI What About the Men? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dunne, Eileen F.; Gift, Thomas L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stamm, Walter E.] Univ Washington, Div Allergy & Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dunne, EF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM EDunne@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 SU S BP S1 EP S2 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818af142 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 367ZZ UT WOS:000260592400001 PM 18813144 ER PT J AU Fisman, DN Spain, CV Salmon, ME Goldberg, M AF Fisman, David N. Spain, C. Victor Salmon, Melinda E. Goldberg, Martin TI The Philadelphia High-School STD Screening Program: Key Insights From Dynamic Transmission Modeling SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; INFECTION; STRATEGIES; IMPACT AB Background: The Philadelphia high-school STD Screening Program (PHSSP) represents an innovative approach to screening-based control of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. The program has been associated with significant reductions in Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in young females in Philadelphia. We sought to assess program cost-effectiveness in a manner that allowed us to quantify the impact of including males students in the screened population. Methods: We created a dynamic transmission model using a susceptible-infectious-resistant-susceptible framework. The model was parameterized using PHSSP program data, supplemented by available data from the medical and public health literature, and was used to project the impact of screening on disease burden, quality adjusted survival. and costs. Results: A well-calibrated model suggests that high-school based screening is highly. cost-effective in the Philadelphia context. Five important insights are gained through dynamic transmission modeling of the PHSSP: (i) the importance of screening males can be appreciated using a dynamic transmission model; (ii) the attractiveness of screening males is inversely related to equilibrium prevalence in males: (iii) including males enhances both effectiveness and economic attractiveness of screening; (iv) rebound in prevalence does not greatly diminish the cost-effectiveness of screening; and (v) increasing program expenditures via increased screening coverage decreases net societal costs. due to diminished disease transmission. Conclusions: The current PHSSP is highly cost-effective relative to other commonly accepted interventions. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this program are enhanced by including males. This, and other important attributes of the program, is best appreciated when a dynamic transmission model is used for program evaluation. C1 [Fisman, David N.] Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1E6, Canada. [Fisman, David N.] Ontario Prov Publ Hlth Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Spain, C. Victor; Salmon, Melinda E.; Goldberg, Martin] Philadelphia Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Salmon, Melinda E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fisman, DN (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, 123 Edward St,Room 428, Toronto, ON M5G 1E6, Canada. EM david.fisman@sickkids.ca NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 SU S BP S61 EP S65 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181802822 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 367ZZ UT WOS:000260592400011 PM 18607306 ER PT J AU Gaydos, CA Ferrero, DV Papp, J AF Gaydos, Charlotte A. Ferrero, Dennis V. Papp, John TI Laboratory Aspects of Screening Men for Chlamydia trachomatis in the New Millennium SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACID AMPLIFICATION TESTS; LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSMITTED-DISEASE CLINICS; DIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY; URINE LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE; COST-SAVING STRATEGY; JOB-TRAINING PROGRAM; APTIMA COMBO-2 ASSAY; MALE ARMY RECRUITS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE AB Objective: To describe and review the methods for laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis in men. Background: Men provide a reservoir for continued transmission or c trachomatis to women, thus representing a population for potential targeted screening. Although there are no formal recommendations by professional organizations for screening men for chlamydia, guidance has been provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for sites wishing to screen men, who are primarily asymptomatic. Methods: Review of the published literature for diagnostic laboratory tests for C. trachomatis in men. Results: The laboratory test of choice for screening men is a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). and the specimen of choice is first-catch urine. The NAAT has sufficient sensitivity, and specificity, and urine provides a noninvasive specimen; together, this combination provides the achievement of sensitivities of >90% to 97% and high specificity (99%). Populations of men, such as those in detention, Job Corps training. emergency departments, the military, and high schools can offer accessible target populations for easily implemented chlamydia screening. Conclusion: Screening more men with NAAT assays may provide the possibility of reducing the overall burden of chlamydia in both men and women. C1 [Gaydos, Charlotte A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ferrero, Dennis V.] Univ Pacific, Dept Biol Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Papp, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gaydos, CA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, 1147-1159 Ross Res Bldg,720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM cgaydos@jhmi.edu RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 84 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 SU S BP S45 EP S50 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31816d1f6d PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 367ZZ UT WOS:000260592400009 PM 18449069 ER PT J AU Gift, TL Gaydos, CA Kent, CK Marrazzo, JM Rietmeijer, CA Schillinger, JA Dunne, EF AF Gift, Thomas L. Gaydos, Charlotte A. Kent, Charlotte K. Marrazzo, Jeanne M. Rietmeijer, Cornelis A. Schillinger, Julia A. Dunne, Eileen F. TI The Program Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Screening Men for Chlamydia to Prevent Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Women SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; ACID AMPLIFICATION TESTS; DIRECT MEDICAL COST; TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; FOLLOW-UP; REPORTED BEHAVIOR; INCREMENTAL COST; URINE SPECIMENS; NATURAL COURSE AB Background: Because men transmit Chlamydia trachomatis to women, screening men to prevent pelvic inflammatory, disease in women may he a viable strategy. However, the cost-effectiveness of this approach requires careful assessment. Methods: Data from a demonstration project and longitudinal study that examined screening men for chlamydia were applied to a compartment-based transmission model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of screening men for chlamydia compared with alternative interventions, including expanded screening of women and combining disease investigation specialist-provided partner notification with screening. Cases of pelvic inflammatory disease and quality-adjusted life years lost were the primary outcome measures. A male screening program that screened 1% of men in the population annually was modeled. Results: A program targeting high-risk men for screening (those with a larger number of partners in the previous year than the general population and a higher chlamydia prevalence) was cost saving compared with using equivalent program dollars to expand screening of lower-risk women. Combining partner notification with male screening was more effective than screening men alone. In sensitivity analyses, the male program was not always cost saving but averaged $10,520 per quality-adjusted life year saved over expanded screening of women. Conclusions: Screening men can be a cost-effective alternative to screening women, but the men screened must have a relatively high prevalence compared with the women to whom screening would be expanded (under baseline assumptions, the prevalence in screened men was 86% higher than that of screened women). These modeling results suggest that programs targeting venues that have access to high-risk men can be effective tools in chlamydia prevention. C1 [Gift, Thomas L.; Schillinger, Julia A.; Dunne, Eileen F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gaydos, Charlotte A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kent, Charlotte K.] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Marrazzo, Jeanne M.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rietmeijer, Cornelis A.] Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. RP Gift, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tgift@cdc.gov RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010; Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011 OI Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813 NR 65 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 SU S BP S66 EP S75 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818b64ac PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 367ZZ UT WOS:000260592400012 PM 18830137 ER PT J AU Gift, TL Blake, DR Gaydos, CA Marrazzo, JM AF Gift, Thomas L. Blake, Diane R. Gaydos, Charlotte A. Marrazzo, Jeanne M. TI The Cost-Effectiveness of Screening Men for Chlamydia trachomatis: A Review of the Literature SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Review ID COMMUNITY-BASED CHLAMYDIA; ADOLESCENT MALES; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; ASYMPTOMATIC MEN; URINE SPECIMENS; CONTROL PROGRAM; INFECTION; GONORRHEA; HOME; AMPLIFICATION AB Background: An important consideration in determining whether to implement or continue a program to screen men for chlamydia is its cost-effectiveness. A review of the literature on the cost-effectiveness of screening men for chlamydia could potentially provide guidance. Methods: An Ovid Medline search was conducted for articles published between 1990 and July 2007 using terms for cost, chlamydia, and male. This search returned 175 articles; 25 were retained after eliminating those not relevant to cost-effectiveness studies of male chlamydia screening. We added 4 articles that were in-press or are published in this issue. for a total of 29. These articles were examined for common themes and their results summarized. Results: The reviewed studies examined both proactive and opportunistic screening and included screening of risk groups and of the general population. Some older studies included enzyme immunoassays: more recent studies featured nucleic acid amplification assays. Six studies used dynamic transmission models. Fourteen studies analyzed male and female chlamydia screening interventions. Several contained sufficient data to examine the cost-effectiveness of male screening compared with female screening. Male screening was preferred to expanded female screening in 1 study. In other studies, combined male and female screening programs were cost-saving. Conclusions: Studies comparing chlamydia screening in men with chlamydia screening in women may be the most useful for guidance to programs. The studies which compare the 2 generally have found that screening men from the general population is not preferred to screening women from the general population, although I study found that screening of men from risk groups can he cost-effective compared with screening women from the general population. C1 [Gift, Thomas L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Blake, Diane R.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Worcester, MA USA. [Gaydos, Charlotte A.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Marrazzo, Jeanne M.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Div Allergy & Infect Dis, Seattle, WA USA. RP Gift, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tgift@cdc.gov RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 SU S BP S51 EP S60 DI 10.1097/OLQ.01b013e3181723dba PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 367ZZ UT WOS:000260592400010 PM 18520977 ER PT J AU Hogben, M Kissinger, P AF Hogben, Matthew Kissinger, Patricia TI A Review of Partner Notification for Sex Partners of Men Infected With Chlamydia SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Review ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; GENITAL CHLAMYDIA; UNITED-STATES; GONORRHEA; NETWORK; URETHRITIS; MANAGEMENT; STD; PREDICTORS AB A discussion of the feasibility and use of chlamydial screening of men requires attention to management of their partners. Because of the large numbers of chlamydial cases in the United States, public health-mediated partner notification, as a first line partner management strategy, is not practical. This article reviews the evidence for patient-based referral. We reviewed studies (1997-2007) from the United States and other industrialized nations in which men diagnosed with chlamydia were exposed to some form of partner referral instruction. Randomized controlled trial and observational data were included. where data permitted, we estimated proportions of partners notified and treated. Nine studies from 3 countries yielded 8 estimates of notification rates and 10 of treatment rates. Estimates varied according to whether patient referral was accompanied by counseling, contact slips, or medications for partners. Overall, 48% to 79% of partners seemed to be notified with a smaller proportion subsequently treated (30%-61 %). Higher rates of notification and treatment were associated with various enhancements to basic referral instructions, especially if patients were offered medications to bring to partners. Data also suggest a role for contact slips. Resource constraints suggest that public health investigation should be limited to high-priority cases (e.g., where evidence of dense sexual networks exists) and monitoring of patient referral efforts. C1 [Hogben, Matthew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kissinger, Patricia] Tulane Univ, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhogben@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 SU S BP S34 EP S39 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181666adf PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 367ZZ UT WOS:000260592400007 PM 18354341 ER PT J AU Joffe, A Rietmeijer, CA Chung, SE Willard, N Chapin, JB Lloyd, LV Waterfield, GA Ellen, JM Gaydos, C AF Joffe, Alain Rietmeijer, Cornelis A. Chung, Shang-En Willard, Nancy Chapin, Johanna B. Lloyd, Laura V. Waterfield, Gerry A. Ellen, Jonathan M. Gaydos, Charlotte TI Screening Asymptomatic Adolescent Men for Chlamydia trachomatis in School-Based Health Centers Using Urine-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; REPORTED CONDOM USE; MALE ARMY RECRUITS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; UNITED-STATES; DNA AMPLIFICATION; US CITIES; YOUNG MEN; INFECTION; PREVALENCE AB Background: Urine-based screening for Chlamydia trachomatis using highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid amplification tests offers a unique opportunity to screen men attending school-based health centers. Methods: As part of a large multicenter chlamydia screening project in men, 1434 students were enrolled; 1094) in high schools in Baltimore and 344 middle and high-school students in Denver. Students were screened for chlamydia using urine-based nucleic acid amplification tests at well adolescent visits, acute care visits, or visits for other reasons, such as sports physicals. A self-administered survey to ascertain sexual risk behaviors was used. Data were analyzed separately for Baltimore and Denver, with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence in asymptomatic adolescent men was 6.8% (7.5% in Baltimore and 4.7% in Denver, P = n.s.). Students in Denver were older, more racially diverse. and more likely to have had intercourse in the previous 2 months than students in Baltimore. Students in Baltimore were more likely than those in Denver to have used a condom at last intercourse with casual and main partners. Among men in Denver but not Baltimore, condom use at last intercourse with both casual (OR 0.15, 95% CI, 0.03, 0.78) and main partners (OR 0.30. 95% CI. 0.10, 0.91) was protective against infection. The only risk factor for CT infection in Baltimore students was age (OR 1.47, 95% CI, 1.23, 1.75,). In multivariate analysis that included age (as a continuous variable), race, history of an STI, any sex partner in the last 2 months, > 1 sex partner in the past 12 months, a new partner in the last 2 months, and condom use with last main and last casual partner, age (adjusted odds ratio 1.34, 95% CI, 1.11, 1.62) and black race (adjusted odds ratio 2.37, 95% CI, 1.21, 4.63) were the only variables associated with testing chlamydia positive. Conclusions: School-based health centers are important venues in which to perform urine-based screening for chlamydia in sexually active, asymptomatic males, especially in high prevalence communities, and such screening provides the opportunity, to identify and treat substantial numbers of chlamydia infections. C1 [Gaydos, Charlotte] Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Joffe, Alain; Chung, Shang-En; Willard, Nancy; Ellen, Jonathan M.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Gen Pediat & Adolescent Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Rietmeijer, Cornelis A.] Denver Publ Hlth Dept, STD Control Program, Denver, CO USA. [Chapin, Johanna B.; Lloyd, Laura V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Waterfield, Gerry A.] Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Sch Based Hlth Ctr Program, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Gaydos, C (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Johns Hopkins Sch Med, 1159 Ross Bldg,720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM cgaydos@jhmi.edu RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 SU S BP S19 EP S23 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181844f10 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 367ZZ UT WOS:000260592400004 PM 18716568 ER PT J AU Johnson, CC Jones, EH Goldberg, M Asbel, LE Salmon, ME Waller, CL AF Johnson, Caroline C. Jones, Erin H. Goldberg, Martin Asbel, Lenore E. Salmon, Melinda E. Waller, Cherie L. TI Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Among Adolescents in Family Court, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; RISK; URINE; DETENTION; YOUTH; ADMISSION; SPECIMENS; SETTINGS; STRATEGY; DISEASES AB Objectives: To evaluate the use of the Family Court System as a venue for screening adolescents, especially males for sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Goal: To identify, treat, and describe the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) infections among adolescents on probation under the jurisdiction of the Family Court System of Philadelphia from April 2004 through December 2006. Study Design: We analyzed data from the first several years of this program, which offered education and voluntary noninvasive screening for CT and GC to adolescents adjudicated delinquent and placed on probation through the Family Court of Philadelphia. Results: Between April 1, 2004 and December 31, 2006, 2270 adolescents were counseled about STDs, of whom 1605 voluntarily submitted a urine specimen for STD testing. Among the 1594 unique individuals with a valid test result, 13.9% (44 of 317) of females, 7.0% (90 of 1277) of males, and 8.4% overall (134 of 1594) were found to he positive for either or both STD. In total, treatment was confirmed for 93.3% (84/90) of males and 100% (44/44) of females testing positive. Conclusions: Noninvasive STD testing was well accepted by adolescents in the Family Court System. Over several years of study, infection rates were found to be persistently high in both males and females. The Family Court is an effective venue to identify and treat adolescent males and females with chlamydia and/or gonorrhea infection. C1 [Johnson, Caroline C.; Jones, Erin H.; Goldberg, Martin; Asbel, Lenore E.; Salmon, Melinda E.; Waller, Cherie L.] Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Div Dis Control, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. [Asbel, Lenore E.] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Salmon, Melinda E.] Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis Sexually Transmitted Dis &, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Johnson, CC (reprint author), Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Div Dis Control, 500 S Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. EM Caroline.Johnson@phila.gov FU CDC [H25/CCH04327-5-3] FX This work was supported, in part, by CDC Grant H25/CCH04327-5-3. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 SU S BP S24 EP S27 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318177ec4a PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 367ZZ UT WOS:000260592400005 PM 18607316 ER PT J AU Satterwhite, CL Joesoef, MR Datta, SD Weinstock, H AF Satterwhite, Catherine Lindsey Joesoef, M. Riduan Datta, S. Deblina Weinstock, Hillard TI Estimates of Chlamydia trachomatis Infections Among Men: United States SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; YOUNG MEN; PREVALENCE; ADULTS; TESTS; AGE AB Objective: To describe the epidemiology of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections among men in the United States. Study Design: Data from the notifiable disease case surveillance system, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, (NHANES), the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth). the National Job Training Program, the Men Having Sex with Men (MSM) Prevalence Monitoring Project, and adult and juvenile corrections facilities were used to summarize national chlamydia case and prevalence rates. Data were stratified by age and race/ethnicity. Results: In 2005, 232,781 chlamydia cases among men were reported, corresponding to a rate of 161.1 cases per 100,000 men, an increase of 43.5% compared with the case rate in 2001 (112.3). Population-based chlamydia prevalence rates from NHANES (1999-2002) were highest among men aged 20 to 29 years (3.2%); men aged 18 to 26 years participating in AddHealth (2001-2002) had a 3.7% prevalence rate. Rates were highest among black men in both NHANES (5.3%) and AddHealth (11.1%). The prevalence rate among men (aged 16-24 years) participating in the National Job Training Program was 8.1%. Among the 2005 median urethral chlamydia prevalence rate was 6%. Overall, chlamydia rates were highest in adult corrections facilities; the 2005 positivity rate among men aged 21 to 25 Years was 7.8%. In juvenile corrections facilities, the 2005 positivity rate among men aged 15 to 17 years was 6.7%. Conclusions: Rates of genital C. trachomatis infections among men are persistently, high, particularly among men entering the National Job Training Program and men in corrections facilities. The burden of disease is generally highest among young men and black men. C1 [Satterwhite, Catherine Lindsey; Joesoef, M. Riduan; Datta, S. Deblina; Weinstock, Hillard] CDC, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Satterwhite, CL (reprint author), CDC, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM clindsey@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 SU S BP S3 EP S7 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31816b3219 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 367ZZ UT WOS:000260592400002 PM 18418299 ER PT J AU Elam, G Macdonald, N Hickson, FCI Imrie, J Power, R McGarrigle, CA Fenton, KA Gilbart, VL Ward, H Evans, BG AF Elam, G. Macdonald, N. Hickson, F. C. I. Imrie, J. Power, R. McGarrigle, C. A. Fenton, K. A. Gilbart, V. L. Ward, H. Evans, B. G. CA INSIGHT-Collaborative- Res-Team TI Risky sexual behaviour in context: qualitative results from an investigation into risk factors for seroconversion among gay men who test for HIV SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; INFECTION; ENGLAND; SAMPLE; WALES AB Objectives: The INSIGHT case-control study confirmed that HIV serodiscordant unprotected anal intercourse (SdUAI) remains the primary risk factor for HIV infection in gay men in England. This paper uses qualitative follow-up data to examine the contexts of SdUAI and other risk factors among the case-control study participants. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 recent HIV seroconverters and 22 non-converters. Purposive selection was used to provide diversity in demographics and sexual behaviour and to facilitate exploration of risk factors identified in the case-control study. Results: Condoms were perceived as barriers to intimacy, trust and spontaneity. The potential consequences of the loss of these were traded off against the consequences of HIV infection. Previous negative HIV tests and the adoption of risk reduction strategies diminished the perceived threat of HIV infection, supporting beliefs that HIV was something that happened to others. Depression and low self-esteem, often combined with use of alcohol or other drugs, led to further risk taking and loss of control over risk reduction strategies. Conclusions: A range of psychosocial reasons led some men to engage in UAI with serodiscordant or unknown partners, despite high levels of risk awareness. Men in their mid-life, those in serodiscordant relationships and men that had experienced bereavement or other significant, negative, life events revealed factors related to these circumstances that contributed to increases in risky UAI. A diverse portfolio of interventions is required to build confidence and control over safer sex practices that are responsive to gay men's wider emotional needs. C1 [Elam, G.] Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV Res, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Macdonald, N.; Ward, H.] Imperial Coll Fac Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. [Hickson, F. C. I.] Univ Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hants, England. [Imrie, J.] Univ New S Wales, Natl Ctr HIV Social Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Imrie, J.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Africa Ctr Hlth & Populat Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa. [Power, R.] Burnet Inst Med Res & Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth, Melbourne, Australia. [McGarrigle, C. A.; Gilbart, V. L.; Evans, B. G.] Hlth Protect Agcy Ctr Infect, Dept HIV & STIs, London, England. [Fenton, K. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Elam, G (reprint author), Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV Res, Mortimer Market Ctr, Off Capper St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM gillian@qualitativeresearch.co.uk RI Ward, Helen/A-1836-2009; OI Ward, Helen/0000-0001-8238-5036; McGarrigle, Christine/0000-0001-5814-5673 FU Medical Research Council (MRC) Sexual Health and HIV Research Strategy Committee [G0100183]; Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections (CFI) London FX INSIGHT was supported by grant funding from the Medical Research Council (MRC) Sexual Health and HIV Research Strategy Committee ( Strategic Grant Number G0100183). The study was co-ordinated by the Behavioural Surveillance and Research Unit at the Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections (CFI) London, in collaboration with clinicians, academics and researchers working with gay and bisexual men. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the MRC or the Department of Health. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 84 IS 6 BP 473 EP 477 DI 10.1136/sti.2008.031468 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 375YK UT WOS:000261149500016 PM 19028950 ER PT J AU Tai, E Sanchez, T Lansky, A Mahle, K Heffelfinger, J Workowski, K AF Tai, E. Sanchez, T. Lansky, A. Mahle, K. Heffelfinger, J. Workowski, K. TI Self-reported syphilis and gonorrhoea testing among men who have sex with men: national HIV behavioural surveillance system, 2003-5 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SAN-FRANCISCO; RISK; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; STIGMA AB Objectives: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides guidance on sexually transmitted disease ( STD) testing specifically for men who have sex with men (MSM) in STD treatment guidelines to address increasing rates of gonorrhoea and syphilis among MSM in the USA. The guidelines recommend at least annual syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing for sexually active MSM. The implementation of these guidelines was evaluated. Methods: Data from the 2003-5 MSM cycle of the National HIV Behavioural Surveillance System were used. The proportion of sexually active HIV-negative MSM reporting syphilis and gonorrhoea testing during the previous year was determined and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with testing. Results: Of 10 030 MSM, 39% and 36% reported having been tested for syphilis and gonorrhoea in the previous year, respectively. Four factors were associated with syphilis and gonorrhoea testing, respectively: age 18 24 years versus >= 45 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.5; OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.3 to 3.2), black versus white race (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4; OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.6), private insurance versus no insurance ( OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4; OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) and disclosing male-male sex to a healthcare provider ( OR 2.2, 95% CI 2.0 to 2.5; OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 2.3). Conclusions: Syphilis and gonorrhoea testing among MSM was low, despite specific testing recommendations in the STD treatment guidelines. To increase STD testing among MSM, healthcare providers should assess the risks of STD for male patients through routine enquiries about sexual activity. C1 [Tai, E.; Sanchez, T.; Lansky, A.; Heffelfinger, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mahle, K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Workowski, K.] Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Tai, E (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cvn5@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX All funding for this project and analysis was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 84 IS 6 BP 478 EP 482 DI 10.1136/sti.2008.030973 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 375YK UT WOS:000261149500017 PM 19028951 ER PT J AU Mansergh, G Flores, S Koblin, B Hudson, S McKirnan, D Colfax, GN AF Mansergh, G. Flores, S. Koblin, B. Hudson, S. McKirnan, D. Colfax, G. N. CA Project-Mix-Study-Grp TI Alcohol and drug use in the context of anal sex and other factors associated with sexually transmitted infections: results from a multi-city study of high-risk men who have sex with men in the USA SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article AB Men who have sex with men (MSM) who use alcohol and drugs are at especially high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs); more information is needed about associated factors to improve risk reduction. We assessed reported STIs and demographic and event-level alcohol and drug use characteristics associated with STIs in a diverse, multi-city study in the USA of MSM who use substances. Improved risk reduction efforts are needed for this group as well as some initiatives tailored to men who are HIV positive, younger and use drugs (not alcohol) in the context of anal sex. C1 [Mansergh, G.; Flores, S.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Koblin, B.] New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Hudson, S.] Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. [McKirnan, D.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [McKirnan, D.] Howard Brown Hlth Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. [Colfax, G. N.] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Mansergh, G (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gcm2@cdc.gov FU CDC cooperative agreement FX This study was funded by a CDC cooperative agreement. NR 10 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 84 IS 6 BP 509 EP 511 DI 10.1136/sti.2008.031807 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 375YK UT WOS:000261149500023 PM 19028957 ER PT J AU Needle, R Kroeger, K Belani, H Achrekar, A Parry, CD Dewing, S AF Needle, Richard Kroeger, Karen Belani, Hrishikesh Achrekar, Angeli Parry, Charles D. Dewing, Sarah TI Sex, drugs, and HIV: Rapid assessment of HIV risk behaviors among street-based drug using sex workers in Durban, South Africa SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE South Africa; HIV; Rapid assessment; Drug abuse; Sex workers; Pimps; Gender ID SUBSTANCE USE; USERS; INFECTION; INTERVENTION; PREVENTION; JOHANNESBURG; PREVALENCE; REDUCTION; HIV/AIDS; VIOLENCE AB South Africa is experiencing significant changes in patterns of illicit drug Use, including increasing injection and non-injection drug use, and the use of drugs by persons engaged in sex work, both of which could further expand the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In 2005, a rapid ethnographic assessment was conducted in Durban, South Africa. to learn more about patterns of drug use and HIV risk behaviors among drug-using, street-based sex workers. Field teams recruited 52 Current injection and non-injection drug users for key informant interviews and focus groups, and they conducted mapping and observation in identified high-risk neighborhoods. Key informants were offered free, Voluntary counseling and HIV rapid testing. The results of the assessment indicate that in this population. drugs play an organizing role in patterns of daily activities, with sex work closely linked to the buying, selling, and using of drugs. Participants reported using Multiple drugs including crack cocaine, heroin, Ecstasy and Mandrax, and their choices were based on their expectations about the functional role and behavioral and pharmacological properties of the drugs. The organization of sex work and patterns of drug use differ by gender, with males exercising more control over daily routines and drug and sexual transactions than females. Activities of female sex workers are subject to considerable control by individual pimps, many of whom also function as landlords and drug dealers. A strong hold over the overapping economics of drugs and sex work by a few individuals extends to control of the physical and social settings in which sex is exchanged and drugs are sold and used as well as the terms under which sex work is carried out. The potential for accelerated HIV spread is considerable given the evidence of overlapping drug-using and sexual risk behaviors and the mixing patterns across drug and Sexual risk networks. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Needle, Richard; Kroeger, Karen; Belani, Hrishikesh; Achrekar, Angeli] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Parry, Charles D.; Dewing, Sarah] S African MRC, Tygerberg, South Africa. RP Needle, R (reprint author), Vulnerable Populat, Pangaea Global AIDS Fdn, 995 Market St,Suite 200, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. EM rneedle@pgaf.org RI Parry, Charles/A-2906-2009 OI Parry, Charles/0000-0001-9787-2785 NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1447 EP 1455 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.06.031 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 358QE UT WOS:000259931800013 PM 18678437 ER PT J AU Caldwell, KL Miller, GA Wang, RY Jain, RB Jones, RL AF Caldwell, Kathleen L. Miller, Graylin A. Wang, Richard Y. Jain, Ram B. Jones, Robert L. TI Iodine Status of the US Population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004 SO THYROID LA English DT Article ID URINARY IODINE; UNITED-STATES; SCHOOLCHILDREN; DEFICIENCY; EXCRETION; AREA; ETHNICITY; TRENDS; ADULTS; WOMEN AB Background: Since 1971, the general U. S. population has been monitored for dietary iodine sufficiency by urinary iodine (UI) measurements through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This report presents the UI levels for the population participating in NHANES 2003-2004. It is the third assessment of the U. S. population since NHANES III (1988-1994), when the median UI level was observed to decrease from NHANES I (1971-1974). Methods: In 2003-2004, a stratified, multistage, probability sample of approximately 5000 participants per year were selected to participate in NHANES Household interviews, and specimen collection were performed. UI level was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on a random subsample of 2526 participants aged 6 years and older. Results: The median UI level for the general U.S. population in 2003-2004 was 160 mu g/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 146-172), and 11.3 +/- 1.8% of the population had a UI level below 50 mu g/L. Children had a higher UI level than adolescents and adults. Among all (pregnant and nonpregnant) women of reproductive age, the median UI level was 139 mu g/L (95% CI 117-156), 15.1 +/- 3.2% women had a UI level <50 mu g/L, and Non-Hispanic blacks in this group had a lower UI level than other racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions: These findings affirm the stabilization of the UI level and the adequate iodine nutrition in the general U. S. population since 2000. Future surveys designed to achieve UI levels representative of pregnant women can improve the estimate of iodine sufficiency in this population subgroup. Continued monitoring of the population for iodine sufficiency is warranted because of groups at risk for iodine deficiency disorders. C1 [Caldwell, Kathleen L.; Miller, Graylin A.; Wang, Richard Y.; Jain, Ram B.; Jones, Robert L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Caldwell, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop F-18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM klc7@cdc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 NR 27 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD NOV PY 2008 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1207 EP 1214 DI 10.1089/thy.2008.0161 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 373GG UT WOS:000260958400010 PM 19014327 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, R AF Rosenberg, Ronald TI Malaria: some considerations regarding parasite productivity SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM GAMETOCYTES; INFECTED ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; MOSQUITO INFECTION; AEDES-AEGYPTI; TRANSMISSION; SPOROZOITES; AREA; STEPHENSI; NUMBER; GALLINACEUM AB The complicated life cycle of Plasmodium is characterized by proliferative stages in each of its hosts - mosquito and vertebrate - that are interrupted by restrictive steps as it moves from one to the other. Productivity at each stage affects not only pathology but also the probability for successful transmission. This Opinion article briefly assesses what is known about productivity at each step and attempts, with limited success, to put each in the context of an entire cycle, sporozoite to sporozoite. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Rosenberg, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM rrosenberg@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 24 IS 11 BP 487 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2008.07.009 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 376CF UT WOS:000261159900004 PM 18805735 ER PT J AU Alker, AP Kazadi, WM Kutelemeni, AK Bloland, PB Tshefu, AK Meshnick, SR AF Alker, Alisa P. Kazadi, Walter M. Kutelemeni, Albert K. Bloland, Peter B. Tshefu, Antoinette K. Meshnick, Steven R. TI dhfr and dhps genotype and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment failure in children with falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; dihydrofolate reductase; dihydropteroate synthase; malaria; drug resistance ID DRUG-RESISTANT MALARIA; PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPACT; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MOLECULAR MARKERS; ANTIMALARIAL EFFICACY; CHLOROQUINE; MUTATIONS; AMODIAQUINE; COMBINATION; AFRICA AB To determine the relationship between mutations in dhfr and dhps and SP treatment failure in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Therapeutic efficacy trial was conducted in Rutshuru, Eastern DRC, between June and September 2002, comparing sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), SP plus amodiaquine (AQSP) and artesunate plus SP (ASSP) regimens for treating malaria in children under 5 years old. We genotyped 212 samples for mutations associated with SP resistance and investigated their association with treatment failure. In the SP arm, 61% of the subjects experienced treatment failure after 14 days. The failure rate was lower in the combination arms (AQSP: 32%, ASSP: 21%). The dhfr-108 and dhfr-51 mutations were nearly universal while 89% of the samples had at least one additional mutation at dhfr-59, dhps-437 or dhps-540. Dhps mutations had a bigger impact on treatment failure in children with high parasite density: for children with a parasite density < 45 000 parasites/mu l, the risk of treatment failure was 37% for mutations at dhps-437 and dhps-540 mutation and 21% for neither mutation [risk difference (RD) = 17%, 95% CI: -3%, 36%]. In children with a parasite density > 45 000 parasites/mu l, the treatment failure risk was 58% and 8% for children with both mutations or neither mutation, respectively (RD = 51%, 95% CI: 34%, 67%). Dhps-437 and dhps-540 are strongly associated with SP treatment failure and should be evaluated further as a method for surveillance of SP-based therapy in DRC. C1 [Alker, Alisa P.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kazadi, Walter M.] Programme Natl Lutte Paludisme, Kinhasa, Congo. [Kutelemeni, Albert K.] Kinshasa Sch Publ Hlth, CDC Malaria Project, Kinhasa, Congo. [Bloland, Peter B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. [Meshnick, Steven R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Alker, AP (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM alkera@med.unc.edu FU Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research; NIH-NICHD [1U01 HD043475] FX We thank the children and their guardians for their participation. We acknowledge the assistance provided by Jesse Kwiek, Sarah Landis, William Miller, Annelies Van Rie, Melissa Miller, Phuc Nguyen-Dinh, Robert Ryder and Paul Wilson. The sample genotyping was funded by Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research, NIH-NICHD 1U01 HD043475. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1384 EP 1391 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02150.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 375AV UT WOS:000261085800009 PM 19055622 ER PT J AU Ekwueme, DU Chesson, HW Zhang, KB Balamurugan, A AF Ekwueme, D. U. Chesson, H. W. Zhang, K. B. Balamurugan, A. TI YEARS OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST AND PRODUCTIVITY COSTS DUE TO CANCER MORTALITY AND FOR SPECIFIC CANCER SITES WHERE HPV MAY BE A RISK FACTOR FOR CARCINOGENESIS-UNITED STATES, 2003 SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ekwueme, D. U.; Chesson, H. W.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zhang, K. B.] Macro Int Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Balamurugan, A.] Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 11 IS 6 BP A351 EP A351 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)66211-0 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 360JV UT WOS:000260054700047 ER PT J AU Ramsey, SD Zeliadt, SB Moinpour, CM Hall, IJ Lee, JW Ekwueme, DU Thompson, IM Keane, TE Fedorenko, CR Penson, DF AF Ramsey, S. D. Zeliadt, S. B. Moinpour, C. M. Hall, I. J. Lee, J. W. Ekwueme, D. U. Thompson, I. M. Keane, T. E. Fedorenko, C. R. Penson, D. F. TI RACE AND SHARED DECISION MAKING AMONG PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS, FAMILY MEMBERS AND PHYSICIANS SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ramsey, S. D.; Zeliadt, S. B.; Moinpour, C. M.; Fedorenko, C. R.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Hall, I. J.; Lee, J. W.; Ekwueme, D. U.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thompson, I. M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Keane, T. E.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Penson, D. F.] Univ So Calif, Norris Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 11 IS 6 BP A488 EP A488 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)66626-0 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 360JV UT WOS:000260054700462 ER PT J AU Smith, SG Cook, SL AF Smith, Sharon G. Cook, Sarah L. TI Disclosing Sexual Assault to Parents The Influence of Parental Messages About Sex SO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LA English DT Article DE disclosure; grounded theory; sexual assault ID COPING STRATEGIES; SOCIAL SUPPORT; COMMUNICATION; VICTIMS; RAPE; ADOLESCENTS; HEALTH; EXPRESSION; ADJUSTMENT; BEHAVIOR AB Without frank discussion of what sex is, women may not learn what sex is not and what experiences constitute sexual assault. This qualitative study explores the relation between parental discussion and messages about sex and women's decisions of whether to disclose sexual assault to parents. Participants were 18 women from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Findings indicate that women more often disclosed sexual assault to parents who discussed sex with them in a frank and positive manner. In addition to the role of disclosure in recovery, implications for sex and parent education are discussed. C1 [Smith, Sharon G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cook, Sarah L.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Smith, SG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Cook, Sarah/0000-0002-8573-6580 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-8012 J9 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM JI Violence Against Women PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1326 EP 1348 DI 10.1177/1077801208325086 PG 23 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA 358TZ UT WOS:000259941700007 PM 18838619 ER PT J AU Cangelosi, JJ Sarvat, B Sarria, JC Herwaldt, BL Indrikovs, AJ AF Cangelosi, J. J. Sarvat, B. Sarria, J. C. Herwaldt, B. L. Indrikovs, A. J. TI Transmission of Babesia microti by blood transfusion in Texas SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Article DE babesiosis; Babesia microti; haemolytic anaemia; Texas; transfusion ID TRANSMITTED BABESIOSIS; PREVENTION; DISEASES AB In the USA, seasonal tickborne transmission of Babesia microti occurs in the Northeast and upper Midwest. A resident of Texas became infected through a red blood cell transfusion from an asymptomatic local donor who had summered in Massachusetts. The patient's infection was diagnosed by blood smear examination in January, 7 weeks post-transfusion. He died 1 week later from variceal haemorrhage complicated by haemolysis. Premortem patient specimens and archived blood from the donor unit tested positive for B. microti antibodies and DNA. Babesiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of post-transfusion haemolytic anaemia or thrombocytopenia, regardless of the geographical region or season. C1 [Sarvat, B.; Sarria, J. C.] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Cangelosi, J. J.; Indrikovs, A. J.] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Herwaldt, B. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sarria, JC (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, 301 Univ Blvd,Route 0435, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM jcsarria@utmb.edu OI Sarria, Juan C./0000-0001-9507-2055 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 95 IS 4 BP 331 EP 334 DI 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2008.01094.x PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 359VX UT WOS:000260017300010 PM 19138264 ER PT J AU Seguy, N Denniston, M Hladik, W Edwards, M Lafleur, C Singh-Anthony, S Diaz, T AF Seguy, N. Denniston, M. Hladik, W. Edwards, M. Lafleur, C. Singh-Anthony, S. Diaz, T. TI HIV and Syphilis Infection among Gold and Diamond Miners - Guyana, 2004 SO WEST INDIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HARD-TO-REACH; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATIONS AB Background: Guyana had an estimated HIV prevalence of 1.5% among pregnant women in 2006 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-1.9). However, a survey of miners in one mine found a 6.5% HIV prevalence in 2002. To determine whether Guyanese miners are at high risk for HIV infection we conducted a HIV and syphilis prevalence survey of miners in several mines. Methods: Adult male consenting miners in 45 Guyanese mines were interviewed, counselled, tested for HIV and syphilis with rapid tests and provided onsite test results. The survey was cross-sectional and used a multi-stage cluster sampling design; population estimates were calculated using SUDAAN. Results: Of 651 miners approached, 539 (83%) were interviewed and 509 (78%) tested. The estimated prevalence for HIV was 3.9% (CI = 2.1, 7.1) and for life-time syphilis exposure was 6.4% (CI = 4.5, 9.1). Fifty-four per cent (CI = 41.3, 66.7) of miners had casual sex during the preceding year, of whom 44.4% (CI = 34.3, 55.0) had always used condoms with these partners. Conclusion: The estimated HIV prevalence among Guyanese miners was higher than that of the general population. Targeted interventions including condom promotion are recommended to prevent further spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among miners. C1 [Seguy, N.; Hladik, W.; Diaz, T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Denniston, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Stat & Data Management Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Diaz, T (reprint author), CDC, Global AIDS Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM txd1@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV WEST INDIES FACULTY MEDICAL SCIENCES PI KINGSTON PA MONA CAMPUS, KINGSTON 7, JAMAICA SN 0043-3144 J9 W INDIAN MED J JI West Ind. Med. J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 57 IS 5 BP 444 EP 449 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 429CR UT WOS:000264898900005 PM 19565973 ER PT J AU Jack, BW Atrash, H Bickmore, T Johnson, K AF Jack, Brian W. Atrash, Hani Bickmore, Timothy Johnson, Kay TI THE FUTURE OF PRECONCEPTION CARE A Clinical Perspective SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE; PREGNANCY; WOMEN; PROMOTION; PROVIDER; AGENTS AB The concepts of preconception care (PCC) have been discussed for over 20 years and the standards for PCC have been recently promulgated by the clinical committee of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Select Panel of Preconception Care. For PCC to be fully realized, however, changes must be made in clinical practice, public health supports, and health coverage. This article discusses 1) the clinical content and delivery of PCC, 2) barriers to why this care does not fit easily into the current clinical paradigm for providing medical care, and 3) how new information technologies within the concept of the medical home might be a promising new way to assist in the diffusion of these concepts. C1 [Jack, Brian W.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Atrash, Hani] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bickmore, Timothy] Northeastern Univ, Coll Comp & Informat Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Johnson, Kay] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Lebanon, NH USA. RP Jack, BW (reprint author), Boston Med Ctr, Dowling 5,Room 5309,1 BMC Pl, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM brian.jack@bmc.org OI Jack, Brian/0000-0002-6497-2437 NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1049-3867 EI 1878-4321 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 6 SU S BP S19 EP S25 DI 10.1016/j.whi.2008.09.004 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 389KM UT WOS:000262091300005 PM 19059546 ER PT J AU Johnson, K Atrash, H Johnson, A AF Johnson, Kay Atrash, Hani Johnson, Alison TI POLICY AND FINANCE FOR PRECONCEPTION CARE Opportunities for Today and the Future SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-PROMOTION AB This special supplement of Women's Health Issues offers 2 types of articles related to the policy and finance context for improving preconception health and health care. These articles discuss the impact of finance and policy on preconception health and health care, as well as the strategies that are being used to overcome the challenge of implementing preconception care with limited resources and inadequate health coverage for women. Invited papers from authors with expertise in health policy and finance issues describe how women's health and preconception care fit into the larger debates on health reform and how the paradigm for women's health must change. Other invited papers discuss opportunities and challenges for using programs such as Medicaid, Title X Family Planning, Title V Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant, Healthy Start, and Community Health Centers in improving preconception health and health care. Contributed articles on health services research in this supplement characterize the types of change occurring across the country. This paper also presents a framework for understanding the role of policy and finance in the larger Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Preconception Health and Health Care Initiative. C1 [Johnson, Kay] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Lebanon, NH USA. [Atrash, Hani; Johnson, Alison] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Johnson, K (reprint author), 175 Red Pine Rd, Hinesburg, VT 05461 USA. EM Kay.johnson@johnsongci.com NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 6 BP S2 EP S9 DI 10.1016/j.whi.2008.09.006 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 389KM UT WOS:000262091300002 PM 19059547 ER PT J AU Posner, SF Broussard, DL Sappenfield, WM Streeter, N Zapata, LB Peck, MG AF Posner, Samuel F. Broussard, Danielle L. Sappenfield, William M. Streeter, Nan Zapata, Lauren B. Peck, Magda G. TI WHERE ARE THE DATA TO DRIVE POLICY CHANGES FOR PRECONCEPTION HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE? SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RISK; RECOMMENDATIONS; OUTCOMES; WOMEN AB Improving preconception health is recognized as being crucial to improving reproductive health outcomes for women and infants. At the same time, there is increasing pressure on public health and clinical medicine programs to have evidence that documents positive health impact for continued support for program implementation and policy change. In the field of preconception health and health care, there is a growing body of evidence to support the implementation of public health programs and clinical practice. One current challenge is the unavailability of a comprehensive surveillance system providing data to demonstrate the need for such programs and to monitor the impact of programs and services. There is no single source of data or evidence for policy and financing support for preconception care; however, there are a number of related data resources that can be used to inform and support such programs. We describe national and state-level data sources from which data relevant to preconception health and health care can be extracted as well as steps that can be taken to improve the quantity and quality of preconception health data. C1 [Posner, Samuel F.; Zapata, Lauren B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Broussard, Danielle L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Territorial, Epidemiologists Appl Epidemiol Fellowship Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Broussard, Danielle L.; Sappenfield, William M.] Florida Dept Hlth, Div Family Hlth Serv, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Streeter, Nan] Utah Dept Hlth, Div Community & Family Hlth Serv, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Peck, Magda G.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pediat & CityMatCH, Omaha, NE USA. RP Posner, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway MS K-40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SPosner@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 6 BP S81 EP S86 DI 10.1016/j.whi.2008.07.001 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 389KM UT WOS:000262091300014 PM 19059552 ER PT J AU Leoff, C Choudhury, B Saile, E Quinn, CP Carlson, RW Kannenberg, EL AF Leoff, Christine Choudhury, Biswa Saile, Elke Quinn, Conrad P. Carlson, Russell W. Kannenberg, Elmar L. TI Structural Elucidation of the Nonclassical Secondary Cell Wall Polysaccharide from Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 COMPARISON WITH THE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM BACILLUS ANTHRACIS AND B. CEREUS TYPE STRAIN ATCC 14579 REVEALS BOTH UNIQUE AND COMMON STRUCTURAL FEATURES SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE GENES; TOXIN GENES; IDENTIFICATION; THURINGIENSIS; SEQUENCE; PXO1 AB Nonclassical secondary cell wall polysaccharides constitute a major cell wall structure in the Bacillus cereus group of bacteria. The structure of the secondary cell wall polysaccharide from Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987, a strain that is closely related to Bacillus anthracis, was determined. This polysaccharide was released from the cell wall with aqueous hydrogen fluoride (HF) and purified by gel filtration chromatography. The purified polysaccharide, HF-PS, was characterized by glycosyl composition and linkage analyses, mass spectrometry, and one-and two-dimensional NMR analysis. The results showed that the B. cereus ATCC 10987 HF-PS has a repeating oligosaccharide consisting of a -> 6)-alpha-GalNAc-(1 -> 4)-beta-ManNAc-(1 -> 4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1 -> trisaccharide that is substituted with beta-Gal at O3 of the alpha-GalNAc residue and nonstoichiometrically acetylated at O3 of the N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) residue. Comparison of this structure with that of the B. anthracis HF-PS and with structural data obtained for the HF-PS from B. cereus type strain ATCC 14579 revealed that each HF-PS had the same general structural theme consisting of three HexNAc and one Hex residues. A common structural feature in the HF-PSs from B. cereus ATCC 10987 and B. anthracis was the presence of a repeating unit consisting of a HexNAc(3) trisaccharide backbone in which two of the three HexNAc residues are GlcNAc and ManNAc and the third can be either GlcNAc or GalNAc. The implications of these results with regard to the possible functions of the HF-PSs are discussed. C1 [Leoff, Christine; Choudhury, Biswa; Saile, Elke; Carlson, Russell W.; Kannenberg, Elmar L.] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Saile, Elke; Quinn, Conrad P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Leoff, Christine; Kannenberg, Elmar L.] Univ Tubingen, Dept Microbiol, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Leoff, Christine; Kannenberg, Elmar L.] Univ Tubingen, Dept Biotechnol, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Carlson, RW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, 220 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rcarlson@ccrc.uga.edu FU National Institutes of Health; NIAID [R21 AI059577]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-93ER20097] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Grant R21 AI059577 (to R. W. C.). This work was also supported in part by Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER20097 (to the CCRC). Patent pending (University of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. and United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 31 PY 2008 VL 283 IS 44 BP 29812 EP 29821 DI 10.1074/jbc.M803234200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 364WS UT WOS:000260366900025 PM 18757856 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL Romero, JM Ferraro, MJ Pisculli, M Rosenberg, ES Heller, HM Atkins, EH AF Gerberding, Julie L. Romero, Javier M. Ferraro, Mary Jane Pisculli, Mary Rosenberg, Eric S. Heller, Howard M. Atkins, Elisha H. TI A woman with neck pain and fever - Laboratory-acquired infection with B. melitensis, with cervical spinal osteomyelitis and epidural abscess SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BRUCELLOSIS C1 [Gerberding, Julie L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Romero, Javier M.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Ferraro, Mary Jane] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Clin Microbiol Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Ferraro, Mary Jane] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Romero, Javier M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ferraro, Mary Jane] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU General Electric FX Dr. Romero reports receiving research grant support from General Electric. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 30 PY 2008 VL 359 IS 18 BP 1942 EP 1949 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 366BL UT WOS:000260454500011 PM 18971496 ER PT J AU Jmor, F Emsley, HCA Fischer, M Solomon, T Lewthwaite, P AF Jmor, Fidan Emsley, Hedley C. A. Fischer, Marc Solomon, Tom Lewthwaite, Penny TI The incidence of acute encephalitis syndrome in Western industrialised and tropical countries SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ACUTE CHILDHOOD ENCEPHALITIS; ACUTE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS; JAPANESE B-ENCEPHALITIS; ARBOVIRAL ENCEPHALITIS; VACCINATION PROGRAM; ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS; CHINA PROVINCE; OLMSTED COUNTY; UNITED-STATES AB Background: As part of efforts to control Japanese encephalitis (JE), the World Health Organization is producing a set of standards for JE surveillance, which require the identification of patients with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). This review aims to provide information to determine what minimum annual incidence of AES should be reported to show that the surveillance programme is active. Methods: A total of 12,436 articles were retrieved from 3 databases; these were screened by title search and duplicates removed to give 1,083 papers which were screened by abstract (or full paper if no abstract available) to give 87 papers. These 87 were reviewed and 25 papers identified which met the inclusion criteria. Results: Case definitions and diagnostic criteria, aetiologies, study types and reliability varied among the studies reviewed. Amongst prospective studies reviewed from Western industrialised settings, the range of incidences of AES one can expect was 10.5-13.8 per 100,000 for children. For adults only, the minimum incidence from the most robust prospective study from a Western setting gave an incidence of 2.2 per 100,000. The incidence from the two prospective studies for all age groups was 6.34 and 7.4 per 100,000 from a tropical and a Western setting, respectively. However, both studies included arboviral encephalitis, which may have given higher rather than given higher] incidence levels. Conclusion: In the most robust, prospective studies conducted in Western industrialised countries, a minimum incidence of 10.5 per 100,000 AES cases was reported for children and 2.2 per 100,000 for adults. The minimum incidence for all ages was 6.34 per 100,000 from a tropical setting. On this basis, for ease of use in protocols and for future WHO surveillance standards, a minimum incidence of 10 per 100,000 AES cases is suggested as an appropriate C1 [Jmor, Fidan; Emsley, Hedley C. A.; Solomon, Tom; Lewthwaite, Penny] Univ Liverpool, Ctr Clin Sci, Div Neurosci, Liverpool L9 7LJ, Merseyside, England. [Solomon, Tom] Univ Liverpool, Sch Trop Med, Div Neurosci & Med Microbiol, Brain Infect Grp, Liverpool L9 7LJ, Merseyside, England. [Fischer, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lewthwaite, P (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Ctr Clin Sci, Div Neurosci, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7LJ, Merseyside, England. EM fidanjmor@hotmail.com; emsley@liv.ac.uk; mxf2@cdc.gov; tsolomon@liv.ac.uk; pennylewthwaite@doctors.org.uk OI Emsley, Hedley/0000-0003-0129-4488 FU Medical Research Council [G116/194] NR 54 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD OCT 30 PY 2008 VL 5 AR 134 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-5-134 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 381AF UT WOS:000261506500003 PM 18973679 ER PT J AU Wringe, A Fine, PEM Sutter, RW Kew, OM AF Wringe, Alison Fine, Paul E. M. Sutter, Roland W. Kew, Olen M. TI Estimating the Extent of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Infection SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Eight outbreaks of paralytic polio attributable to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) have highlighted the risks associated with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) use in areas of low vaccination coverage and poor hygiene. As the Polio Eradication Initiative enters its final stages, it is important to consider the extent to which these viruses spread under different conditions, so that appropriate strategies can be devised to prevent or respond to future cVDPV outbreaks. Methods and Findings: This paper examines epidemiological (temporal, geographic, age, vaccine history, social group, ascertainment), and virological (type, genetic diversity, virulence) parameters in order to infer the numbers of individuals likely to have been infected in each of these cVDPV outbreaks, and in association with single acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases attributable to VDPVs. Although only 114 virologically-confirmed paralytic cases were identified in the eight cVDPV outbreaks, it is likely that a minimum of hundreds of thousands, and more likely several million individuals were infected during these events, and that many thousands more have been infected by VDPV lineages within outbreaks which have escaped detection. Conclusions: Our estimates of the extent of cVDPV circulation suggest widespread transmission in some countries, as might be expected from endemic wild poliovirus transmission in these same settings. These methods for inferring extent of infection will be useful in the context of identifying future surveillance needs, planning for OPV cessation and preparing outbreak response plans. C1 [Wringe, Alison; Fine, Paul E. M.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1, England. [Sutter, Roland W.] World Hlth Org, Polio Eradicat Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. [Kew, Olen M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wringe, A (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1, England. EM alison.wringe@lshtm.ac.uk FU Polio Eradication Initiative of the World Health Organisation FX This work was supported by the Polio Eradication Initiative of the World Health Organisation. NR 64 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 29 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 10 AR e3433 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003433 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 432KE UT WOS:000265131100001 PM 18958288 ER PT J AU Teshale, EH Hanson, D Flannery, B Phares, C Wolfe, M Schuchat, A Sullivan, P AF Teshale, Eyasu H. Hanson, Debra Flannery, Brendan Phares, Christina Wolfe, Mitchell Schuchat, Anne Sullivan, Patrick TI Effectiveness of 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine on pneumonia in HIV-infected adults in the United States, 1998-2003 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine; HIV-infected persons; CD4 count; HIV viral load ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RISK-FACTORS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; DISEASE AB Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) has been recommended for HIV-infected adults. We investigated factors that could influence PPV-23 effectiveness against all-cause pneumonia in a longitudinal cohort of 23,255 HIV-infected adults receiving care during 1998-2003. Patients who received PPV-23 had a lower rate of pneumonia (IRR = 0.8: 95% CI: 0.8-0.9) than patients who had never been vaccinated, independent of recent CD4 count, HIV viral load, antiretroviral therapy, and history of pneumonia. However, PPV-23 provided no benefit when patients were vaccinated at HIV viral load >100,000 copies/ml, irrespective of CD4 count at vaccination. Receipt of PPV-23 was associated with lower incidence of all-cause pneumonia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Teshale, Eyasu H.; Hanson, Debra; Wolfe, Mitchell; Sullivan, Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Flannery, Brendan; Phares, Christina; Schuchat, Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Teshale, EH (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eht4@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 18 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 29 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 46 BP 5830 EP 5834 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.032 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 373LS UT WOS:000260974000010 PM 18786586 ER PT J AU Bankamp, B Fontana, JM Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Bankamp, Bettina Fontana, Judith M. Bellini, William J. Rota, Paul A. TI Adaptation to cell culture induces functional differences in measles virus proteins SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EDMONSTON VACCINE LINEAGE; VIRAL-RNA SYNTHESIS; V-PROTEIN; C-PROTEIN; MATRIX PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; INTERFERON RESPONSE; REPORTER GENE; RECEPTOR AB Background: Live, attenuated measles virus (MeV) vaccine strains were generated by adaptation to cell culture. The genetic basis for the attenuation of the vaccine strains is unknown. We previously reported that adaptation of a pathogenic, wild-type MeV to Vero cells or primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) resulted in a loss of pathogenicity in rhesus macaques. The CEF-adapted virus (D-CEF) contained single amino acid changes in the C and matrix (M) proteins and two substitutions in the shared amino terminal domain of the phosphoprotein (P) and V protein. The Vero-adapted virus (D-VI) had a mutation in the cytoplasmic tail of the hemagglutinin (H) protein. Results: In vitro assays were used to test the functions of the wild-type and mutant proteins. The substitution in the C protein of D-CEF decreased its ability to inhibit mini-genome replication, while the wild-type and mutant M proteins inhibited replication to the same extent. The substitution in the cytoplasmic tail of the D-VI H protein resulted in reduced fusion in a quantitative fusion assay. Co-expression of M proteins with wild-type fusion and H proteins decreased fusion activity, but the mutation in the M protein of D-CEF did not affect this function. Both mutations in the P and V proteins of D-CEF reduced the ability of these proteins to inhibit type I and II interferon signaling. Conclusion: Adaptation of a wild-type MeV to cell culture selected for genetic changes that caused measurable functional differences in viral proteins. C1 [Bankamp, Bettina; Bellini, William J.; Rota, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fontana, Judith M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Bankamp, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, MS C-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbankamp@cdc.gov; judith.fontana@usuhs.mil; wbellini@cdc.gov; prota@cdc.gov OI Fontana, Judith/0000-0002-7379-2753 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Core funds FX JMF was a fellow of the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) and of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Origins of Order program at Emory University. This work was supported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Core funds. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD OCT 27 PY 2008 VL 5 AR 129 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-5-129 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 372DV UT WOS:000260882800001 PM 18954437 ER PT J AU Wan, XF Nguyen, T Davis, CT Smith, CB Zhao, ZM Carrel, M Inui, K Do, HT Mai, DT Jadhao, S Balish, A Shu, B Luo, F Emch, M Matsuoka, Y Lindstrom, SE Cox, NJ Nguyen, CV Klimov, A Donis, RO AF Wan, Xiu-Feng Nguyen, Tung Davis, C. Todd Smith, Catherine B. Zhao, Zi-Ming Carrel, Margaret Inui, Kenjiro Do, Hoa T. Mai, Duong T. Jadhao, Samadhan Balish, Amanda Shu, Bo Luo, Feng Emch, Michael Matsuoka, Yumiko Lindstrom, Stephen E. Cox, Nancy J. Nguyen, Cam V. Klimov, Alexander Donis, Ruben O. TI Evolution of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Vietnam between 2001 and 2007 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses have caused dramatic economic losses to the poultry industry of Vietnam and continue to pose a serious threat to public health. As of June 2008, Vietnam had reported nearly one third of worldwide laboratory confirmed human H5N1 infections. To better understand the emergence, spread and evolution of H5N1 in Vietnam we studied over 300 H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated from Vietnam since their first detection in 2001. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that six genetically distinct H5N1 viruses were introduced into Vietnam during the past seven years. The H5N1 lineage that evolved following the introduction in 2003 of the A/duck/Hong Kong/821/2002-like viruses, with clade 1 hemagglutinin (HA), continued to predominate in southern Vietnam as of May 2007. A virus with a clade 2.3.4 HA newly introduced into northern Vietnam in 2007, reassorted with pre-existing clade 1 viruses, resulting in the emergence of novel genotypes with neuraminidase (NA) and/or internal gene segments from clade 1 viruses. A total of nine distinct genotypes have been present in Vietnam since 2001, including five that were circulating in 2007. At least four of these genotypes appear to have originated in Vietnam and represent novel H5N1 viruses not reported elsewhere. Geographic and temporal analyses of H5N1 infection dynamics in poultry suggest that the majority of viruses containing new genes were first detected in northern Vietnam and subsequently spread to southern Vietnam after reassorting with pre-existing local viruses in northern Vietnam. Although the routes of entry and spread of H5N1 in Vietnam remain speculative, enhanced poultry import controls and virologic surveillance efforts may help curb the entry and spread of new HPAI viral genes. C1 [Wan, Xiu-Feng; Davis, C. Todd; Smith, Catherine B.; Zhao, Zi-Ming; Jadhao, Samadhan; Balish, Amanda; Shu, Bo; Matsuoka, Yumiko; Lindstrom, Stephen E.; Cox, Nancy J.; Klimov, Alexander; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wan, Xiu-Feng; Zhao, Zi-Ming] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nguyen, Tung; Inui, Kenjiro; Do, Hoa T.; Mai, Duong T.; Nguyen, Cam V.] Natl Ctr Vet Diagnost, Dept Anim Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Carrel, Margaret; Emch, Michael] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geography, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Inui, Kenjiro] Food & Agr Org Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Luo, Feng] Clemson Univ, Sch Comput, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Wan, XF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rvd6@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; NSF [BCS-0717688, EPS-0447660] FX This work was funded in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ME and XFW were partially supported by NSF Award BCS-0717688 and FL by NSF EPSCoT grant EPS-0447660. NR 38 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 21 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 10 AR e3462 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003462 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 432IE UT WOS:000265125900006 PM 18941631 ER PT J AU Gottlieb, GS Eholie, SP Nkengasong, JN Jallow, S Rowland-Jones, S Whittle, HC Sow, PS AF Gottlieb, Geoffrey S. Eholie, Serge-Paul Nkengasong, John N. Jallow, Sabelle Rowland-Jones, Sarah Whittle, Hilton C. Sow, Papa Salif TI A call for randomized controlled trials of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-2 infection in West Africa SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Africa; antiretroviral; controlled trial; HIV-2; resource limited ID PLASMA VIRAL LOAD; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-2; DRUG-RESISTANCE MUTATIONS; VITRO PHENOTYPIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; T-CELL DECLINE; HIV-2-INFECTED PATIENTS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; IN-VITRO; IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE; INTEGRASE INHIBITORS C1 [Gottlieb, Geoffrey S.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Allergy & Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Eholie, Serge-Paul] CHU Treichville, Serv Malad Infect & Trop, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Nkengasong, John N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jallow, Sabelle; Rowland-Jones, Sarah; Whittle, Hilton C.] MRC Labs, Fajara, Gambia. [Sow, Papa Salif] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, CHU Fann, Clin Malad Infect Ibrahima Diop Mar, Dakar, Senegal. [Jallow, Sabelle] Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Gottlieb, GS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Allergy & Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gottlieb@u.washington.edu FU Medical Research Council [G0801751]; NIAID NIH HHS [K08 AI049755-05, K08 AI049755, R01 AI060466, R01 AI060466-04] NR 62 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 18 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 16 BP 2069 EP 2072 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830edd44 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 365VH UT WOS:000260436600003 PM 18832869 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Xing, H Ren, Y Lu, ZZ Hou, YD AF Zhang, K. Xing, H. Ren, Y. Lu, Z. Z. Hou, Y. D. TI A study of rectal mucosa administration of IL-2 in treatment of HIV/AIDS: a novel method for the treatment of HIV/AIDS SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PRIMARY HIV-1 INFECTION; NK CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-2; DEPLETION; TRIALS; HAART C1 [Zhang, K.; Ren, Y.] Beijing Youan Hosp, AIDS Clin Treatment Ctr, Beijing 100069, Peoples R China. [Xing, H.] CDC, Natl Ctr AIDS Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hou, Y. D.] CDC, Natl Viral Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Beijing Youan Hosp, AIDS Clin Treatment Ctr, 8 Xi Tou Tiao, Beijing 100069, Peoples R China. EM zhaky@263.net NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 18 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 16 BP 2222 EP 2224 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328314b60f PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 365VH UT WOS:000260436600025 PM 18832891 ER PT J AU Reza, A Tomczyk, B Aguayo, VM Zagre, NM Goumbi, K Blanton, C Talley, L AF Reza, Avid Tomczyk, Basia Aguayo, Victor M. Zagre, Noel M. Goumbi, Kadade Blanton, Curtis Talley, Leisel TI Retrospective determination of whether famine existed in Niger, 2005: two stage cluster survey SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; MALNUTRITION; CHILDREN AB Objective To apply the famine scale by Howe and Devereux to the situation in Niger, west Africa, in 2005 to retrospectively determine whether famine existed. Design Two stage cluster survey. Setting Survey of households in each of Niger's eight regions. Participants 4003 households. Main outcome measures Crude mortality, mortality in children under 5, and the proportion of caregivers both nationally and regionally adopting coping strategies to deal with insufficient food needs. Results The estimated national crude mortality rate was 0.4 (0.4 to 0.5) deaths per 10 000 per day and under 5 mortality rate was 1.7 (1.4 to 1.9) deaths per 10 000 per day. Nationally, 22.3% (95% confidence interval 19.9% to 24.8%) of caregivers of under 5s did not resort to any coping strategies to deal with insufficient food needs. Reversible coping strategies were, however, used by 5.8% (4.7% to 7.0%) of caregivers, whereas 49.4% (46.9% to 51.8%) relied on irreversible coping strategies and 22.6% (20.0% to 25.4%) on survival strategies. Conclusion On the basis of the famine scale proposed by Howe and Devereux, most regions in Niger experienced food crisis conditions and some areas approached famine proportions. C1 [Reza, Avid; Tomczyk, Basia; Blanton, Curtis; Talley, Leisel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Aguayo, Victor M.] UNICEF, New Delhi, India. [Zagre, Noel M.] UNICEF, Niamey, Niger. RP Reza, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM afr6@cdc.gov FU Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance; Unicef FX Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance and Unicef funded the survey. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD OCT 18 PY 2008 VL 337 IS 7675 AR a1622 DI 10.1136/bmj.a1622 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 360YE UT WOS:000260093900036 PM 18832413 ER PT J AU El-Sayed, N El-Gamal, Y Abbassy, AA Seoud, I Salama, M Kandeel, A Hossny, E Shawky, A Abou Hussein, H Pallansch, MA van der Avoort, HGAM Burton, AH Sreevatsava, M Malankar, P Wahdan, MH Sutter, RW AF El-Sayed, Nasr El-Gamal, Yehia Abbassy, Ahmed-Amr Seoud, Iman Salama, Maha Kandeel, Amr Hossny, Elham Shawky, Ahmed Abou Hussein, Heba Pallansch, Mark A. van der Avoort, Harrie G. A. M. Burton, Anthony H. Sreevatsava, Meghana Malankar, Pradeep Wahdan, Mohamed H. Sutter, Roland W. TI Monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine in newborns SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEROCONVERSION RATES; POLIOMYELITIS; LIVE; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN; INFANTS; TROPICS; BRAZIL AB Background: In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis. Although substantial progress toward this goal has been made, eradication remains elusive. In 2004, the World Health Organization called for the development of a potentially more immunogenic monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine. Methods: We conducted a trial in Egypt to compare the immunogenicity of a newly licensed monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine with that of a trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive one dose of monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine or trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine at birth. Thirty days after birth, a single challenge dose of monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine was administered in all subjects. Shedding of serotype 1 poliovirus was assessed through day 60. Results: A total of 530 subjects were enrolled, and 421 fulfilled the study requirements. Thirty days after the study vaccines were administered, the rate of seroconversion to type 1 poliovirus was 55.4% in the monovalent-vaccine group, as compared with 32.1% in the trivalent-vaccine group (P<0.001). Among those with a high reciprocal titer of maternally derived antibodies against type 1 poliovirus (>64), 46.0% of the subjects in the monovalent-vaccine group underwent seroconversion, as compared with 21.3% in the trivalent-vaccine group (P<0.001). Seven days after administration of the challenge dose of monovalent type 1 vaccine, a significantly lower proportion of subjects in the monovalent-vaccine group than in the trivalent-vaccine group excreted type 1 poliovirus (25.9% vs. 41.5%, P=0.001). None of the serious adverse events reported were attributed to the trial interventions. Conclusions: When given at birth, monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine is superior to trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine in inducing humoral antibodies against type 1 poliovirus, overcoming high preexisting levels of maternally derived antibodies, and increasing the resistance to excretion of type 1 poliovirus after administration of a challenge dose. (Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN76316509.). C1 [Burton, Anthony H.; Sreevatsava, Meghana; Malankar, Pradeep; Sutter, Roland W.] WHO, Polio Eradicat Dept, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [El-Sayed, Nasr; Kandeel, Amr] Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. [El-Gamal, Yehia; Hossny, Elham] Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt. [Abbassy, Ahmed-Amr; Shawky, Ahmed] Univ Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt. [Seoud, Iman; Abou Hussein, Heba] Cairo Univ, Kasr El Aini Hosp, Cairo, Egypt. [Salama, Maha; Wahdan, Mohamed H.] WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Cairo, Egypt. [Pallansch, Mark A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [van der Avoort, Harrie G. A. M.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Sutter, RW (reprint author), WHO, Polio Eradicat Dept, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM sutterr@who.int FU Gates Foundation [37460]; WHO FX Supported by grants from the Gates Foundation (37460) and the WHO. NR 38 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 3 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 16 PY 2008 VL 359 IS 16 BP 1655 EP 1665 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0800390 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 360EY UT WOS:000260041400004 PM 18923170 ER PT J AU Kavvoura, FK McQueen, MB Khoury, MJ Tanzi, RE Bertram, L Ioannidis, JPA AF Kavvoura, Fotini K. McQueen, Matthew B. Khoury, Muin J. Tanzi, Rudolph E. Bertram, Lars Ioannidis, John P. A. TI Evaluation of the Potential Excess of Statistically Significant Findings in Published Genetic Association Studies: Application to Alzheimer's Disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer disease; bias (epidemiology); genetic markers; genetics; meta-analysis; publication bias ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; PUBLICATION BIAS; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; CLINICAL-TRIALS; METAANALYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; REPLICATION; HETEROGENEITY; LOCI; INCONSISTENCY AB The authors evaluated whether there is an excess of statistically significant results in studies of genetic associations with Alzheimer's disease reflecting either between-study heterogeneity or bias. Among published articles on genetic associations entered into the comprehensive AlzGene database (www. alzgene. org) through January 31, 2007, 1,348 studies included in 175 meta-analyses with 3 or more studies each were analyzed. The number of observed studies (O) with statistically significant results (P = 0.05 threshold) was compared with the expected number (E) under different assumptions for the magnitude of the effect size. In the main analysis, the plausible effect size of each association was the summary effect presented in the respective meta-analysis. Overall, 19 meta-analyses (all with eventually nonsignificant summary effects) had a documented excess of O over E: Typically single studies had signi. cant effects pointing in opposite directions and early summary effects were dissipated over time. Across the whole domain, O was 235 (17.4%), while E was 164.8 (12.2%) (P < 10(-6)). The excess showed a predilection for meta-analyses with nonsignificant summary effects and between-study heterogeneity. The excess was seen for all levels of statistical significance and also for studies with borderline P values (P = 0.05 -0.10). The excess of signi. cant findings may represent significance-chasing biases in a setting of massive testing. C1 [Kavvoura, Fotini K.; Ioannidis, John P. A.] Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [McQueen, Matthew B.] Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Genet, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tanzi, Rudolph E.; Bertram, Lars] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, MassGen Inst Neurodegenerat Dis, Genet & Aging Res Unit, Charlestown, MA USA. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Biomed Res Inst, Ioannina, Greece. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ioannidis, JPA (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. EM jioannid@cc.uoi.gr RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Bertram, Lars/K-3889-2015 OI Bertram, Lars/0000-0002-0108-124X FU European Union; European Social Fund; Greek Ministry of Development; Cure Alzheimer Fund FX Author affiliations: Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece (Fotini K. Kavvoura, John P. A. Ioannidis); Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado (Matthew B. McQueen); National Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Muin J. Khoury); Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts (Rudolph E. Tanzi, Lars Bertram); Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Ioannina, Greece (John P. A. Ioannidis); Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (John P. A. Ioannidis).; Dr F. K. Kavvoura was supported by a PENED (Programma Enisxusis Ereunitikou Dunamikou) grant cofinanced by the European Union - European Social Fund (75%) and the Greek Ministry of Development - General Secretariat of Research and Technology (25%). The AlzGene database is sponsored by a grant from the Cure Alzheimer Fund. NR 50 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 8 BP 855 EP 865 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn206 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 359DF UT WOS:000259965800001 PM 18779388 ER PT J AU Petersen, EE Mitchell, AA Carey, JC Werler, MM Louik, C Rasmussen, SA AF Petersen, Emily E. Mitchell, Allen A. Carey, John C. Werler, Martha M. Louik, Carol Rasmussen, Sonja A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevent Study TI Mate-mal Exposure to Statins and Risk for Birth Defects: A Case-Series Approach SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Letter ID CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA; DIABETES-MELLITUS; WARFARIN THERAPY; OBESE WOMEN; PREGNANCY; SIMVASTATIN; LOVASTATIN; ANOMALIES; OUTCOMES C1 [Petersen, Emily E.; Rasmussen, Sonja A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Petersen, Emily E.] CDC Experience Fellowship, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mitchell, Allen A.; Werler, Martha M.; Louik, Carol] Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Carey, John C.] Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skr9@cdc.gov RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 50763]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD27697] NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4825 EI 1552-4833 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 146A IS 20 BP 2701 EP 2705 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32493 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 361IZ UT WOS:000260122600019 PM 18792975 ER PT J AU Navin, TR Courval, JM Becerra, JE Bennett, DE Castro, KG AF Navin, Thomas R. Courval, Jeanne M. Becerra, Jose E. Bennett, Diane E. Castro, Kenneth G. TI What can the NHANES data tell us about the tuberculin skin test and the risk for active tuberculosis? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION C1 [Navin, Thomas R.; Courval, Jeanne M.; Becerra, Jose E.; Bennett, Diane E.; Castro, Kenneth G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Navin, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Becerra, Jose/C-4071-2014 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 178 IS 8 BP 884 EP 884 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 358QM UT WOS:000259932600021 ER PT J AU Schwarz, NG Adegnika, AA Breitling, LP Gabor, J Agnandji, ST Newman, RD Lell, B Issifou, S Yazdanbakhsh, M Luty, AJF Kremsner, PG Grobusch, MP AF Schwarz, Norbert G. Adegnika, Ayola A. Breitling, Lutz P. Gabor, Julian Agnandji, Selidji T. Newman, Robert D. Lell, Bertrand Issifou, Saadou Yazdanbakhsh, Maria Luty, Adrian J. F. Kremsner, Peter G. Grobusch, Martin P. TI Placental malaria increases malaria risk in the first 30 months of life SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM INFECTION; YOUNG GABONESE CHILDREN; CORD BLOOD; PREGNANT-WOMEN; IN-UTERO; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; WESTERN KENYA; BIRTH-WEIGHT; INFANTS; ANEMIA AB Background. Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy is associated with stillbirth, fetal growth restriction, and low birth weight. An additional consequence may be increased risk of malaria in early life, although the epidemiological evidence of this consequence is limited. Methods. A cohort of 527 children were observed actively every month for 30 months after delivery. Offspring of mothers with microscopically detectable placental P. falciparum infection at the time of delivery were defined as exposed. The outcome measure was malaria (parasitemia and fever). Analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard models and were stratified by gravidity. Results. Overall, offspring of mothers with placental P. falciparum infection had a significantly higher risk of clinical malaria during the first 30 months of life (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.7). The adjusted hazard ratio for offspring of multigravidae was 2.6 (95% CI, 1.3-5.3), and that for primigravidae was 1.5 (95% CI, 0.6-3.8). The offspring of placenta-infected primigravidae had no episodes of malaria during the first year of life. Conclusions. Our findings show that active placental P. falciparum infection detected at delivery is associated with an similar to 2-fold greater risk of malaria during early life, compared with noninfection. The fact that persons born to infected multigravidae rather than primigravidae appear to be at greater risk emphasizes the importance of preventing malaria in mothers of all gravidities. C1 [Grobusch, Martin P.] Univ Witwatersrand, Infect Dis Unit, Div Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, ZA-2193 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Schwarz, Norbert G.; Adegnika, Ayola A.; Breitling, Lutz P.; Gabor, Julian; Agnandji, Selidji T.; Lell, Bertrand; Issifou, Saadou; Yazdanbakhsh, Maria; Luty, Adrian J. F.; Kremsner, Peter G.; Grobusch, Martin P.] Albert Schweitzer Hosp, Med Res Unit, Lambarene, Gabon. [Grobusch, Martin P.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Pathol, Fac Hlth Sci, ZA-2193 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Schwarz, Norbert G.; Adegnika, Ayola A.; Breitling, Lutz P.; Gabor, Julian; Agnandji, Selidji T.; Lell, Bertrand; Issifou, Saadou; Luty, Adrian J. F.; Kremsner, Peter G.] Univ Tubingen, Dept Parasitol, Inst Trop Med, Tubingen, Germany. [Adegnika, Ayola A.; Yazdanbakhsh, Maria] Leiden Univ, Dept Parasitol, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands. [Luty, Adrian J. F.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Newman, Robert D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Grobusch, MP (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Infect Dis Unit, Div Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, 7 York Rd, ZA-2193 Johannesburg, South Africa. EM martin.grobusch@wits.ac.za RI Breitling, Lutz/C-7377-2008; Schwarz, Norbert/C-8797-2012 OI Schwarz, Norbert/0000-0002-8387-2837 FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [28574]; the German Ministry of Education and Research [01KA0202]; the German Academic Exchange Service [A/02/18261, D/02/46952, A/05/23966]; The Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research [W93-385 20077] FX Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (28574), the German Ministry of Education and Research (01KA0202), the German Academic Exchange Service (A/02/18261 to A. A. A., D/02/46952 to N.G.S., A/05/23966 to S. T. A.), and The Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (W93-385 20077). NR 36 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1017 EP 1025 DI 10.1086/591968 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 349XA UT WOS:000259315400006 PM 18781874 ER PT J AU Tobin-D'Angelo, M Smith, AR Bulens, SN Thomas, S Hodel, M Izumiya, H Arakawa, E Morita, M Watanabe, H Marin, C Parsons, MB Greene, K Cooper, K Haydel, D Bopp, C Yu, P Mintz, E AF Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa Smith, Allison R. Bulens, Sandra N. Thomas, Stepy Hodel, Mary Izumiya, Hidemasa Arakawa, Eiji Morita, Masatomo Watanabe, Haruo Marin, Constance Parsons, Michele B. Greene, Kathy Cooper, Kara Haydel, Danielle Bopp, Cheryl Yu, Patricia Mintz, Eric TI Severe diarrhea caused by cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae serogroup O75 infections acquired in the southeastern United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; STRAINS; NON-O1 AB Background. From 2003 through 2007, Vibrio cholerae serogroup O75 strains possessing the cholera toxin gene were isolated from 6 patients with severe diarrhea, including 3 in Georgia, 2 in Alabama, and 1 in South Carolina. These reports represent the first identification of V. cholerae O75 as a cause of illness in the United States. V. cholerae O75 was isolated from a water sample collected from a pond in Louisiana in 2004. Subsequently, 3 V. cholerae isolates from Louisiana (2 from patients with diarrhea in 2000 and 1 from a water sample collected in 1978) that had been previously reported as serogroup O141 were also discovered to be serogroup O75. Results. All 8 patients who were infected with V. cholerae O75 were adults who became ill after consuming seafood; 2 had eaten raw oysters traced back to the Gulf Coast of the United States. All 10 isolates possessed the cholera toxin gene and were susceptible to 10 antimicrobials. One clinical isolate and 1 environmental ( water) isolate had the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern; 4 clinical isolates shared a common pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern. Conclusions. The occurrence of these cases over many years and the concurrent identification of V. cholerae O75 in water from a Gulf Coast state suggest that these strains may survive for long periods in this environment. The patients' exposure histories suggest that infection can be acquired from consumption of raw oysters from the Gulf Coast. Clinicians and public health authorities should be vigilant for the occurrence of new toxigenic serogroups of V. cholerae that are capable of causing severe diarrhea. C1 [Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa; Thomas, Stepy; Hodel, Mary] Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Bulens, Sandra N.; Parsons, Michele B.; Greene, Kathy; Cooper, Kara; Bopp, Cheryl; Yu, Patricia; Mintz, Eric] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Smith, Allison R.] Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Montgomery, AL 36102 USA. [Bulens, Sandra N.] Anteon Corp, Germantown, VA USA. [Haydel, Danielle] Louisiana Off Publ Hlth Lab, New Orleans, LA USA. [Izumiya, Hidemasa; Arakawa, Eiji; Morita, Masatomo; Watanabe, Haruo] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Marin, Constance] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. RP Tobin-D'Angelo, M (reprint author), Georgia Div Publ Hlth, 2 Peachtree St NW 14-243, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM angelo@dhr.state.ga.us NR 17 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1035 EP 1040 DI 10.1086/591973 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 349XA UT WOS:000259315400009 PM 18781876 ER PT J AU Mandell, L Wunderink, R Anzueto, A Bartlett, J Campbell, D Dean, N Dowell, S File, T Musher, D Niederman, M Torres, A Whitney, C Fine, M AF Mandell, Lionel Wunderink, Richard Anzueto, Antonio Bartlett, John Campbell, Douglas Dean, Nathan Dowell, Scott File, Thomas Musher, Daniel Niederman, Michael Torres, Antonio Whitney, Cynthia Fine, Mike CA IDSA ATS Guidelines Comm Community TI Guideline Tyranny: A response to the article by Baum and Kaltsas SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA C1 [Mandell, Lionel] McMaster Univ, Henderson Hosp, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada. [Wunderink, Richard] Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. [Anzueto, Antonio] S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Musher, Daniel] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Bartlett, John] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Campbell, Douglas] LDS Hosp, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Dean, Nathan] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [File, Thomas] Summa Hlth Syst, Akron, OH USA. [Niederman, Michael] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Whitney, Cynthia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fine, Mike] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Dowell, Scott] Thai MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Torres, Antonio] Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. RP Mandell, L (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Henderson Hosp, Dept Med, 711 Concess St, Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada. EM lmandell@mcmaster.ca OI Wunderink, Richard/0000-0002-8527-4195 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1117 EP 1118 DI 10.1086/592385 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 349XA UT WOS:000259315400028 PM 18800941 ER PT J AU Rolfs, RT Beach, MJ Hlavsa, MC Calanan, RM AF Rolfs, R. T. Beach, M. J. Hlavsa, M. C. Calanan, R. M. TI Communitywide cryptosporidiosis outbreak - Utah, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 989, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Rolfs, R. T.] Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Beach, M. J.; Hlavsa, M. C.; Calanan, R. M.] CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rolfs, RT (reprint author), Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 15 BP 1754 EP 1756 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 359QA UT WOS:000260002000010 ER PT J AU Nishi, A Kuroiwa, M Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP Bateup, HS Shuto, T Sotogaku, N Fukuda, T Heintz, N Greengard, P Snyder, GL AF Nishi, Akinori Kuroiwa, Mahomi Miller, Diane B. O'Callaghan, James P. Bateup, Helen S. Shuto, Takahide Sotogaku, Naoki Fukuda, Takaichi Heintz, Nathaniel Greengard, Paul Snyder, Gretchen L. TI Distinct Roles of PDE4 and PDE10A in the Regulation of cAMP/PKA Signaling in the Striatum SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phosphodiesterase; DARPP-32; tyrosine hydroxylase; immunohistochemistry; rolipram; papaverine ID DARPP-32 PHOSPHORYLATION; CYCLIC-AMP; ENRICHED PHOSPHODIESTERASE; TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE; RAT-BRAIN; MICE DEFICIENT; PROTEIN-KINASE; DOPAMINE; ROLIPRAM; RECEPTOR AB Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a critical regulator of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in cells. Multiple PDEs with different substrate specificities and subcellular localization are expressed in neurons. Dopamine plays a central role in the regulation of motor and cognitive functions. The effect of dopamine is largely mediated through the cAMP/PKA signaling cascade, and therefore controlled by PDE activity. We used in vitro and in vivo biochemical techniques to dissect the roles of PDE4 and PDE10A in dopaminergic neurotransmission in mouse striatum by monitoring the ability of selective PDE inhibitors to regulate phosphorylation of presynaptic [e.g., tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)] and postsynaptic [e.g., dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of M-r 32 kDa (DARPP-32)] PKA substrates. The PDE4 inhibitor, rolipram, induced a large increase in TH Ser40 phosphorylation at dopaminergic terminals that was associated with a commensurate increase in dopamine synthesis and turnover in striatum in vivo. Rolipram induced a small increase in DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation preferentially in striatopallidal neurons by activating adenosine A(2A) receptor signaling in striatum. In contrast, the PDE10A inhibitor, papaverine, had no effect on TH phosphorylation or dopamine turnover, but instead robustly increased DARPP-32 Thr34 and GluR1 Ser845 phosphorylation in striatal neurons. Inhibition of PDE10A by papaverine activated cAMP/PKA signaling in both striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons, resulting in potentiation of dopamine D-1 receptor signaling and inhibition of dopamine D-2 receptor signaling. These biochemical results are supported by immunohistochemical data demonstrating differential localization of PDE10A and PDE4 in striatum. These data underscore the importance of individual brain-enriched cyclic-nucleotide PDE isoforms as therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders affecting dopamine neurotransmission. C1 [Nishi, Akinori; Kuroiwa, Mahomi; Shuto, Takahide; Sotogaku, Naoki] Kurume Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Fukuoka 8300011, Japan. [Nishi, Akinori] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Fukuoka 8300011, Japan. [Miller, Diane B.; O'Callaghan, James P.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Nishi, Akinori; Bateup, Helen S.; Greengard, Paul] Rockefeller Univ, Mol & Cellular Neurosci Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Heintz, Nathaniel] Rockefeller Univ, Mol Biol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Fukuda, Takaichi] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan. [Snyder, Gretchen L.] Intra Cellular Therapies Inc, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Nishi, A (reprint author), Kurume Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, 67 Asahi Machi, Fukuoka 8300011, Japan. EM nishia@med.kurume-u.ac.jp RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [18300128]; United States Public Health Service [MH40899, DA10044, MH067488]; Picower Foundation; Michael Stern Parkinson's Research Foundation; Department of Defense [DAMD17-02-1-00705, DAMD17-03-1-0396, W81XWH-04-2-0009] FX This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (18300128 to A.N.), grants from the United States Public Health Service (MH40899 and DA10044 to P. G.; MH067488 to G.L.S.), the Picower Foundation (P.G.), the Michael Stern Parkinson's Research Foundation (P.G.), and the Department of Defense (DAMD17-02-1-00705 to P.G. and DAMD17-03-1-0396 and W81XWH-04-2-0009 to G. L. S.). We thank Yukako Terasaki, Keiko Fujisaki, Michiko Koga, Chris Felton, Fang Xiao Ma, Minal Rana, and Tiffany Tsui for excellent technical assistance. NR 45 TC 119 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 42 BP 10460 EP 10471 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2518-08.2008 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 360MC UT WOS:000260060600002 PM 18923023 ER PT J AU Kaur, H Goodman, C Thompson, E Thompson, KA Masanja, I Kachur, SP Abdulla, S AF Kaur, Harparkash Goodman, Catherine Thompson, Eloise Thompson, Katy-Anne Masanja, Irene Kachur, S. Patrick Abdulla, Salim TI A Nationwide Survey of the Quality of Antimalarials in Retail Outlets in Tanzania SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Introduction: Retail pharmaceutical products are commonly used to treat fever and malaria in sub-Saharan African countries. Small scale studies have suggested that poor quality antimalarials are widespread throughout the region, but nationwide data are not available that could lead to generalizable conclusions about the extent to which poor quality drugs are available in African communities. This study aimed to assess the quality of antimalarials available from retail outlets across mainland Tanzania. Methods and Findings: We systematically purchased samples of oral antimalarial tablets from retail outlets across 21 districts in mainland Tanzania in 2005. A total of 1080 antimalarial formulations were collected including 679 antifol antimalarial samples (394 sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine and 285 sulfamethoxypyrazine/pyrimethamine), 260 amodiaquine samples, 63 quinine samples, and 51 artemisinin derivative samples. A systematic subsample of 304 products was assessed for quality by laboratory based analysis to determine the amount of the active ingredient and dissolution profile by following the published United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) monogram for the particular tablet being tested. Products for which a published analytical monogram did not exist were assessed on amount of active ingredient alone. Overall 38 or 12.2% of the samples were found to be of poor quality. Of the antifolate antimalarial drugs tested 13.4% were found to be of poor quality by dissolution and content analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nearly one quarter (23.8%) of quinine tablets did not comply within the tolerance limits of the dissolution and quantification analysis. Quality of amodiaquine drugs was relatively better but still unacceptable as 7.5% did not comply within the tolerance limits of the dissolution analysis. Formulations of the artemisinin derivatives all contained the stated amount of active ingredient when analysed using HPLC alone. Conclusions: Substandard antimalarial formulations were widely available in Tanzania at the time of this study. No products were detected that did not contain any amount of the stated active ingredient. Quinine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine products were the most widely available and also the most likely to be of poor quality. Substandard products were identified in all parts of the country and were labeled as made by both domestic and international manufacturers. With the expansion of the retail pharmaceutical sector as a delivery channel for antimalarial formulations the need for regular nationwide monitoring of their quality will become increasingly important. C1 [Kaur, Harparkash] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Clin Res Unit, London WC1, England. [Goodman, Catherine] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Policy Unit, London, England. [Thompson, Eloise] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Immunol Unit, London, England. [Thompson, Katy-Anne] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. [Masanja, Irene; Abdulla, Salim] Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Kachur, S. Patrick] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kaur, H (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Clin Res Unit, London WC1, England. EM Harparkash.Kaur@lshtm.ac.uk; cgoodman@nairobi.kemri-wellcome.org FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Agency for International Development; Wellcome Trust; UK Department for International Development; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX This study was completed as part of the Interdisciplinary Monitoring Project for Antimalarial Combination Therapy in Tanzania (IMPACT-Tz) with funding from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Agency for International Development and the Wellcome Trust. Catherine Goodman's participation was partially supported by the Consortium for Research in Equitable Health Systems which is funded by the UK Department for International Development. H. Kaur is grateful to the Gates Malaria Partnership for providing support for the analytical facility through an award from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 10 AR e3403 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003403 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 432GP UT WOS:000265121800004 PM 18923672 ER PT J AU Karon, JM Song, RG Brookmeyer, R Kaplan, EH Hall, HI AF Karon, John M. Song, Ruiguang Brookmeyer, Ron Kaplan, Edward H. Hall, H. Irene TI Estimating HIV incidence in the United States from HIV/AIDS surveillance data and biomarker HIV test results SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV; incidence; surveillance ID AIDS EPIDEMIC; INCIDENCE RATES; SELF-REPORT; INFECTION; IMMUNOASSAY; SEROCONVERSION; DIAGNOSES; ACCURACY; TRENDS AB The development of an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test that detects recent infection has enabled the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to estimate annual HIV incidence (number of new infections per year, not per person at risk) in the United States from data on new HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnoses reported to HIV/AIDS surveillance. We developed statistical procedures to estimate the probability that an infected person will be detected as recently infected, accounting for individuals choosing whether and how frequently to seek HIV testing, variation of testing frequency, the reporting of test results only for infected persons, and infected persons who never had an HIV-negative test. The incidence estimate is the number of persons detected as recently infected divided by the estimated probability of detection. We used simulation to show that, under the assumptions we make, our procedures have acceptable bias and correct confidence interval covet-age. Because data on the biomarker for recent infection or on testing history were missing for many persons, we used multiple imputation to apply our models to surveillance data. CDC has used these procedures to estimate HIV incidence in the United States. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Karon, John M.; Song, Ruiguang; Hall, H. Irene] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Karon, John M.] Emergint Corp, Louisville, KY USA. [Brookmeyer, Ron] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kaplan, Edward H.] Yale Univ, Sch Management, New Haven, CT USA. [Kaplan, Edward H.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Kaplan, Edward H.] Yale Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, New Haven, CT USA. RP Song, RG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Mail Stop E-48,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RSong@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; NIMH [MH 62294] FX We thank Qian An for many of the analyses of the surveillance data. JMK was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. EHK was supported in part by NIMH Grant MH 62294 to Yale University's Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS (CIRA). Figure I is adapted from Figure l in [13]. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 30 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0277-6715 EI 1097-0258 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 23 SI SI BP 4617 EP 4633 DI 10.1002/sim.3144 PG 17 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 353FB UT WOS:000259550400001 PM 18833636 ER PT J AU Hoopes, AJ Kammerer, JS Harrington, TA Ijaz, K Armstrong, LR AF Hoopes, Andrea J. Kammerer, J. Steve Harrington, Theresa A. Ijaz, Kashef Armstrong, Lori R. TI Isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis in the United States, 1993 to 2003 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society CY MAY 18-23, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Thorac Soc ID RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AB Background: Seven percent of tuberculosis (TB) cases reported to the US National Tuberculosis Surveillance System in 2005 had Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with resistance to at least isoniazid. Methods: We undertook this study to describe demographic characteristics, risk factor information, and treatment outcomes for persons with isoniazid-monoresistant (resistant to isoniazid and susceptible to rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol hydrochloride) TB compared with persons with TB susceptible to all first-line anti-TB drugs. Results: The numbers of isoniazid-monoresistant TB cases increased from 303 (4.1%) in 1993 to 351 (4.2%) in 2005. In our multivariate analysis of all TB cases reported from 1993 to 2003, the races/ethnicities of patients with isoniazid-monoresistant TB were significantly more likely to be US-born Asian/Pacific Islander (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-2.6), foreign-born Asian/Pacific Islander (1.8; 1.4-2.1), foreign-born black non-Hispanic (1.4; 1.1-1.7), or US-born Hispanic (1.3; 1.1-1.5). Isoniazid monoresistance was also associated with failure to complete therapy within 1 year (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.5-1.8), a history of TB (1.5; 1.3-1.7), and correctional facility residence (1.5; 1.2-1.7). Conclusions: Isoniazid-monoresistant TB did not decline from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 2005, despite national downward trends observed in overall TB cases and in multidrug-resistant TB cases. Physicians must ensure completion of treatment for patients taking isoniazid as part of their TB or latent TB infection therapy. In addition, physicians should maintain heightened vigilance for isoniazid resistance when evaluating certain atrisk populations for TB and latent TB infection. C1 [Hoopes, Andrea J.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. [Hoopes, Andrea J.; Harrington, Theresa A.; Ijaz, Kashef; Armstrong, Lori R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kammerer, J. Steve] Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hoopes, AJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, 666 Kerr St, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. EM andrea.hoopes@osumc.edu NR 13 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD OCT 13 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 18 BP 1984 EP 1992 DI 10.1001/archinte.168.18.1984 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 359KA UT WOS:000259984400007 PM 18852399 ER PT J AU White, R Celum, C Wasserheit, J Aral, S Hayes, R AF White, Richard Celum, Connie Wasserheit, Judith Aral, Sevgi Hayes, Richard TI Control of sexually transmitted infections for HIV prevention SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID IMPACT C1 [White, Richard; Hayes, Richard] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Celum, Connie; Wasserheit, Judith] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Aral, Sevgi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP White, R (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM richard.white@lshtm.ac.uk FU Medical Research Council [G0700837] NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 11 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 9646 BP 1297 EP 1297 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61541-X PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 360MB UT WOS:000260060500016 PM 18929894 ER PT J AU Carlton, JM Adams, JH Silva, JC Bidwell, SL Lorenzi, H Caler, E Crabtree, J Angiuoli, SV Merino, EF Amedeo, P Cheng, Q Coulson, RMR Crabb, BS del Portillo, HA Essien, K Feldblyum, TV Fernandez-Becerra, C Gilson, PR Gueye, AH Guo, X Kang'a, S Kooij, TWA Korsinczky, M Meyer, EVS Nene, V Paulsen, I White, O Ralph, SA Ren, QH Sargeant, TJ Salzberg, SL Stoeckert, CJ Sullivan, SA Yamamoto, MM Hoffman, SL Wortman, JR Gardner, MJ Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW Fraser-Liggett, CM AF Carlton, Jane M. Adams, John H. Silva, Joana C. Bidwell, Shelby L. Lorenzi, Hernan Caler, Elisabet Crabtree, Jonathan Angiuoli, Samuel V. Merino, Emilio F. Amedeo, Paolo Cheng, Qin Coulson, Richard M. R. Crabb, Brendan S. del Portillo, Hernando A. Essien, Kobby Feldblyum, Tamara V. Fernandez-Becerra, Carmen Gilson, Paul R. Gueye, Amy H. Guo, Xiang Kang'a, Simon Kooij, Taco W. A. Korsinczky, Michael Meyer, Esmeralda V. -S. Nene, Vish Paulsen, Ian White, Owen Ralph, Stuart A. Ren, Qinghu Sargeant, Tobias J. Salzberg, Steven L. Stoeckert, Christian J. Sullivan, Steven A. Yamamoto, Marcio M. Hoffman, Stephen L. Wortman, Jennifer R. Gardner, Malcolm J. Galinski, Mary R. Barnwell, John W. Fraser-Liggett, Claire M. TI Comparative genomics of the neglected human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID RED-BLOOD-CELLS; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; RODENT MALARIA; FALCIPARUM; PROTEINS; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; SUPERFAMILY; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE AB The human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax is responsible for 25 - 40% of the similar to 515 million annual cases of malaria worldwide. Although seldom fatal, the parasite elicits severe and incapacitating clinical symptoms and often causes relapses months after a primary infection has cleared. Despite its importance as a major human pathogen, P. vivax is little studied because it cannot be propagated continuously in the laboratory except in non- human primates. We sequenced the genome of P. vivax to shed light on its distinctive biological features, and as a means to drive development of new drugs and vaccines. Here we describe the synteny and isochore structure of P. vivax chromosomes, and show that the parasite resembles other malaria parasites in gene content and metabolic potential, but possesses novel gene families and potential alternative invasion pathways not recognized previously. Completion of the P. vivax genome provides the scientific community with a valuable resource that can be used to advance investigation into this neglected species. C1 [Carlton, Jane M.; Bidwell, Shelby L.; Lorenzi, Hernan; Caler, Elisabet; Crabtree, Jonathan; Amedeo, Paolo; Guo, Xiang; Paulsen, Ian; Ren, Qinghu; Gardner, Malcolm J.] J Craig Venter Inst, Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Carlton, Jane M.; Merino, Emilio F.; Kang'a, Simon; Sullivan, Steven A.] NYU, Langone Med Ctr, Dept Med Parasitol, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Adams, John H.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Silva, Joana C.; Nene, Vish] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Silva, Joana C.; Crabtree, Jonathan; Angiuoli, Samuel V.; Feldblyum, Tamara V.; Nene, Vish; White, Owen; Wortman, Jennifer R.; Fraser-Liggett, Claire M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [White, Owen] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Wortman, Jennifer R.; Fraser-Liggett, Claire M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Angiuoli, Samuel V.; Salzberg, Steven L.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cheng, Qin; Korsinczky, Michael] Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld 4051, Australia. [Coulson, Richard M. R.] European Bioinformat Inst, Microarray Grp, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. [Crabb, Brendan S.; Gilson, Paul R.; Sargeant, Tobias J.] Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. [Crabb, Brendan S.] Burnet Inst, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [del Portillo, Hernando A.; Fernandez-Becerra, Carmen] Univ Barcelona, Barcelona Ctr Int Hlth Res, Hosp Clin IDIBAPS, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain. [del Portillo, Hernando A.] Passeig Lluis Co, Inst Catalana Recerca & Estud Avancats, Barcelona 08010, Spain. [Essien, Kobby; Stoeckert, Christian J.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Bioinformat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Essien, Kobby; Stoeckert, Christian J.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Essien, Kobby] Univ Penn, Dept Bioengn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gueye, Amy H.] Hood Coll, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Kooij, Taco W. A.] Univ Heidelberg, Sch Med, Dept Parasitol, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Korsinczky, Michael; Galinski, Mary R.] Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Meyer, Esmeralda V. -S.] Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Meyer, Esmeralda V. -S.] Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Paulsen, Ian] Macquarie Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Ralph, Stuart A.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Bio21 Mol Sci & Biotechnol Inst, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Sargeant, Tobias J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Med Biol, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Yamamoto, Marcio M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Parasitol, Inst Ciencias Biomed, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Hoffman, Stephen L.] Sanaria Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Carlton, JM (reprint author), J Craig Venter Inst, Inst Genom Res, 9704 Med Res Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM jane.carlton@nyumc.org RI Paulsen, Ian/K-3832-2012; Crabb, Brendan/F-5287-2013; Angiuoli, Samuel/H-7340-2014; Fernandez Becerra, Carmen/L-2069-2014; del Portillo, Hernando /L-2131-2014; Adams, John/G-1800-2015; Kooij, Taco/L-5623-2015; Salzberg, Steven/F-6162-2011; OI Wortman, Jennifer/0000-0002-8713-1227; Paulsen, Ian/0000-0001-9015-9418; Fernandez Becerra, Carmen/0000-0001-5154-0013; del Portillo, Hernando /0000-0002-5278-3452; Adams, John/0000-0003-3707-7979; Kooij, Taco/0000-0002-8547-7523; Salzberg, Steven/0000-0002-8859-7432; Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428; Angiuoli, Samuel/0000-0001-9525-4350 FU US Department of Defense and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; BurroughsWellcome Fund; National Institute of General Medical Sciences FX We thank the P. vivax research community for their support, and in particular M. Gottlieb and V. McGovern for facilitating financial support. Funding came from the following sources: P. vivax sequencing, assembly and closure, US Department of Defense and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; genome mapping, BurroughsWellcome Fund; and selective constraint analysis, National Institute of General Medical Sciences. We wish to thank TIGR's SeqCore, Closure and IFX core facilities, E. Lee, J. Sundaram, J. Orvis, B. Haas and T. Creasy for engineering support, R. K. Smith Jr for annotation support, E. Lyons and H. Zhang for technical assistance, H. Potts for statistical analysis, T. McCutchan for rDNA sequence annotation, and S. Perkins for the Plasmodium phylogeny. NR 49 TC 429 Z9 462 U1 3 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 9 PY 2008 VL 455 IS 7214 BP 757 EP 763 DI 10.1038/nature07327 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 357OB UT WOS:000259854900038 PM 18843361 ER PT J AU Stephenson, I Nicholson, KG Hoschler, K Zambon, MC Hancock, K DeVos, J Katz, JM Praus, M Banzhoff, A AF Stephenson, Iain Nicholson, Karl G. Hoschler, Katja Zambon, Maria C. Hancock, Kathy DeVos, Joshua Katz, Jacqueline M. Praus, Michaela Banzhoff, Angelika TI Antigenically distinct MF59-adjuvanted vaccine to boost immunity to H5N1 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID INFLUENZA C1 [Stephenson, Iain; Nicholson, Karl G.] Univ Hosp Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, Leics, England. [Hoschler, Katja; Zambon, Maria C.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Colindale NW9 5HT, England. [Hancock, Kathy; DeVos, Joshua; Katz, Jacqueline M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Praus, Michaela; Banzhoff, Angelika] Novartis Vaccine, D-35041 Marburg, Germany. RP Stephenson, I (reprint author), Univ Hosp Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, Leics, England. EM iain.stephenson@uhl-tr.nhs.uk FU Medical Research Council [G0700846] NR 5 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 9 PY 2008 VL 359 IS 15 BP 1631 EP 1633 DI 10.1056/NEJMc0805274 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 358FS UT WOS:000259903100028 PM 18843132 ER PT J AU Johansson, MA Glass, GE AF Johansson, Michael A. Glass, Gregory E. TI High-resolution spatiotemporal weather models for climate studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; DENGUE-FEVER; TEMPERATURE; VARIABLES; DISEASE; AFRICA; MEXICO; WATER AB Background: Climate may exert a strong influence on health, in particular on vector-borne infectious diseases whose vectors are intrinsically dependent on their environment. Although critical, linking climate variability to health outcomes is a difficult task. For some diseases in some areas, spatially and temporally explicit surveillance data are available, but comparable climate data usually are not. We utilize spatial models and limited weather observations in Puerto Rico to predict weather throughout the island on a scale compatible with the local dengue surveillance system. Results: We predicted monthly mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature, and cumulative precipitation at a resolution of 1,000 meters. Average root mean squared error in cross-validation was 1.24 degrees C for maximum temperature, 1.69 degrees C for minimum temperature, and 62.2 millimeters for precipitation. Conclusion: We present a methodology for efficient extrapolation of minimal weather observation data to a more meaningful geographical scale. This analysis will feed downstream studies of climatic effects on dengue transmission in Puerto Rico. Additionally, we utilize conditional simulation so that model error may be robustly passed to future analyses. C1 [Johansson, Michael A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR USA. [Johansson, Michael A.; Glass, Gregory E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Johansson, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR USA. EM mjohansson@cdc.gov; gglass@jhsph.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [U01 GM070708, U01 GM070708-04] NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-072X J9 INT J HEALTH GEOGR JI Int. J. Health Geogr. PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 52 DI 10.1186/1476-072X-7-52 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 371KW UT WOS:000260831200001 PM 18842130 ER PT J AU Balaji, A Lowry, R Brener, N Kann, L Romero, L Wechsler, H AF Balaji, A. Lowry, R. Brener, N. Kann, L. Romero, L. Wechsler, H. TI Trends in HIVand STD-related risk behaviors among high school students - United States, 1991-2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 817-822, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Balaji, A.; Lowry, R.; Brener, N.; Kann, L.; Romero, L.; Wechsler, H.] CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Balaji, A (reprint author), CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 14 BP 1643 EP 1645 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 356YF UT WOS:000259812800010 ER PT J AU Balaji, A Brener, N Kann, L Romero, L Wechsler, H AF Balaji, A. Brener, N. Kann, L. Romero, L. Wechsler, H. TI HIV prevention education and HIV-related policies in secondary schools - Selected sites, United States, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 822-825, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Balaji, A.; Brener, N.; Kann, L.; Romero, L.; Wechsler, H.] CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Balaji, A (reprint author), CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 14 BP 1645 EP 1646 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 356YF UT WOS:000259812800011 ER PT J AU Phares, C Schuchat, A Schrag, S AF Phares, Christina Schuchat, Anne Schrag, Stephanie TI Reductions in incidence of invasive group B streptococcal disease in the United States - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Phares, Christina; Schuchat, Anne; Schrag, Stephanie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Phares, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ctp7@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 14 BP 1650 EP 1650 DI 10.1001/jama.300.14.1650-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 356YF UT WOS:000259812800018 ER PT J AU Millett, GA Flores, SA Marks, G Reed, JB Herbst, JH AF Millett, Gregorio A. Flores, Stephen A. Marks, Gary Reed, J. Bailey Herbst, Jeffrey H. TI Circumcision status and risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men - A meta-analysis SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; UNITED-STATES; ANAL WARTS; PREVENTION; TRIAL; REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR; AVAILABILITY AB Context Randomized controlled trials and meta- analyses have demonstrated that male circumcision reduces men's risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) infection during heterosexual intercourse. Less is known about whether male circumcision provides protection against HIV infection among men who have sex with men ( MSM). Objectives To quantitatively summarize the strength of the association between male circumcision and HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections ( STIs) across observational studies of MSM. Data Sources Comprehensive search of databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, Sociofile, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and correspondence with researchers, to find published articles, conference proceedings, and unpublished reports through February 2008. Study Selection Of 18 studies that quantitatively examined the association between male circumcision and HIV/ STI among MSM, 15 ( 83%) met the selection criteria for the meta- analysis. Data Extraction Independent abstraction was conducted by pairs of reviewers using a standardized abstraction form. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-ottawa Scale. Data Synthesis A total of 53 567 MSM participants ( 52% circumcised) were included in the meta- analysis. The odds of being HIV- positive were nonsignificantly lower among MSM who were circumcised than uncircumcised ( odds ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.65- 1.13; number of independent effect sizes [ k]= 15). Higher study quality was associated with a reduced odds of HIV infection among circumcised MSM ( beta, - 0.415; P=. 01). Among MSM who primarily engaged in insertive anal sex, the association between male circumcision and HIV was protective but not statistically significant ( odds ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.23- 2.22; k= 4). Male circumcision had a protective association with HIV in studies of MSM conducted before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.32- 0.69; k= 3). Neither the association between male circumcision and other STIs ( odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.83- 1.26; k= 8), nor its relationship with study quality was statistically significant ( beta, 0.265; P=. 47). Conclusions Pooled analyses of available observational studies of MSM revealed insufficient evidence that male circumcision protects against HIV infection or other STIs. However, the comparable protective effect of male circumcision in MSM studies conducted before the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, as in the recent male circumcision trials of heterosexual African men, supports further investigation of male circumcision for HIV prevention among MSM. C1 [Millett, Gregorio A.; Flores, Stephen A.; Marks, Gary; Reed, J. Bailey; Herbst, Jeffrey H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Millett, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gmillett@cdc.gov NR 65 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 14 BP 1674 EP 1684 DI 10.1001/jama.300.14.1674 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 356YF UT WOS:000259812800029 PM 18840841 ER PT J AU Kritchevsky, SB Braun, BI Bush, AJ Bozikis, MR Kusek, L Burke, JP Wong, ES Jernigan, J Davis, CC Simmons, B AF Kritchevsky, Stephen B. Braun, Barbara I. Bush, Andrew J. Bozikis, Michele R. Kusek, Linda Burke, John P. Wong, Edward S. Jernigan, John Davis, Cralen C. Simmons, Bryan CA TRAPE Study Grp TI The effect of a quality improvement collaborative to improve antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgical patients - A randomized trial SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OF-CARE; INFECTION PREVENTION; US HOSPITALS; SURGERY; FEEDBACK; OUTCOMES; LESSONS; PROJECT AB Background: Quality improvement collaboratives are used to improve health care quality, but their efficacy remains controversial. Objective: To assess the effects of a quality improvement collaborative on preoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis. Design: Longitudinal cluster randomized trial, with the quality improvement collaborative as the intervention. Setting: United States. Participants: 44 acute care hospitals, each of which randomly sampled approximately 100 selected surgical cases (cardiac, hip or knee replacement, and hysterectomy) at both the baseline and remeasurement phases. Intervention: All hospitals received a comparative feedback report. Hospitals randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 22) participated in a quality improvement collaborative comprising 2 in-person meetings led by experts, monthly teleconferences, and receipt of supplemental materials over 9 months. Measurements: Change in the proportion of patients receiving at least 1 antibiotic dose within 60 minutes of surgery (primary outcome) and change in the proportions of patients given any antibiotics, given antibiotics for 24 hours or less, given an appropriate drug, and given a single preoperative dose and receipt of any of the 5 measures (secondary outcome). Results: The groups did not differ in the change in proportion of patients who received a properly timed antimicrobial prophylaxis dose (-3.8 percentage points [95% CI, -13.9 to 6.2 percentage points]) after adjustment for region, hospital size, and surgery type. Similarly, the groups did not differ in individual measures of antibiotic duration; use of appropriate drug; receipt of a single preoperative dose; or an all-or-none measure combining timing, duration, and selection. Limitations: Hospitals volunteered for the effort, thereby resulting in selection for participants who were motivated to change. Implementation of the surgical infection prevention measure reporting requirements by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and The Joint Commission may have motivated improvement in prophylaxis performance. Conclusion: At a time of heightened national attention toward measures of antimicrobial prophylaxis performance, the trial did not demonstrate a benefit of participation in a quality improvement collaborative over performance feedback for improvement of these measures. C1 [Braun, Barbara I.] Int Joint Commiss, Div Qual Measurement & Res, Oak Brook Terrace, IL 60181 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. J Paul Sticht Ctr Aging, Winston Salem, NC USA. Univ Tennessee, Memphis, TN USA. LDS Hosp, Salt Lake City, UT USA. McGuire Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Methodist Hlth Syst, Memphis, TN USA. RP Braun, BI (reprint author), Int Joint Commiss, Div Qual Measurement & Res, 1 Renaissance Blvd, Oak Brook Terrace, IL 60181 USA. EM bbraun@jointcommission.org FU Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [R01 HS11331-01A1]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX By grant R01 HS11331-01A1 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and initial support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 7 PY 2008 VL 149 IS 7 BP 472 EP W93 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 359QY UT WOS:000260004400004 PM 18838727 ER PT J AU Kibaya, RS Bautista, CT Sawe, FK Shaffer, DN Sateren, WB Scott, PT Michael, NL Robb, ML Birx, DL de Souza, MS AF Kibaya, Rukia S. Bautista, Christian T. Sawe, Frederick K. Shaffer, Douglas N. Sateren, Warren B. Scott, Paul T. Michael, Nelson L. Robb, Merlin L. Birx, Deborah L. de Souza, Mark S. TI Reference Ranges for the Clinical Laboratory Derived from a Rural Population in Kericho, Kenya SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB The conduct of Phase I/II HIV vaccine trials internationally necessitates the development of region-specific clinical reference ranges for trial enrolment and participant monitoring. A population based cohort of adults in Kericho, Kenya, a potential vaccine trial site, allowed development of clinical laboratory reference ranges. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping was performed on 1293 HIV seronegative study participants. Hematology and clinical chemistry were performed on up to 1541 cohort enrollees. The ratio of males to females was 1.9:1. Means, medians and 95% reference ranges were calculated and compared with those from other nations. The median CD4+ T cell count for the group was 810 cells/mu l. There were significant gender differences for both red and white blood cell parameters. Kenyan subjects had lower median hemoglobin concentrations (9.5 g/dL; range 6.7-11.1) and neutrophil counts (1850 cells/mu l; range 914-4715) compared to North Americans. Kenyan clinical chemistry reference ranges were comparable to those from the USA, with the exception of the upper limits for bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen, which were 2.3-fold higher and 1.5-fold lower, respectively. This study is the first to assess clinical reference ranges for a highland community in Kenya and highlights the need to define clinical laboratory ranges from the national community not only for clinical research but also care and treatment. C1 [Kibaya, Rukia S.; Sawe, Frederick K.; Shaffer, Douglas N.] US Mil HIV Res Program, Walter Reed Project, Kericho, Kenya. [Bautista, Christian T.; Robb, Merlin L.] Henry M Jackson Fdn, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Sateren, Warren B.; Scott, Paul T.; Michael, Nelson L.] US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Birx, Deborah L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [de Souza, Mark S.] AFRIMS, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Dept Retrovirol, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Kibaya, RS (reprint author), US Mil HIV Res Program, Walter Reed Project, Kericho, Kenya. EM desouzams@afrims.org RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 FU U. S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [W81XWH-04-02-0005]; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine [1Y-A1-26-42-07] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command and its Cooperative Agreement (W81XWH-04-02-0005) with the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine and with an Inter Agency Agreement (1Y-A1-26-42-07) with DAIDS. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not represent the official position of the U.S. Army or Department of Defense or any organization listed. NR 39 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 3 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 10 AR e3327 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003327 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 427RW UT WOS:000264797400005 PM 18833329 ER PT J AU Rein, DB Weinbaum, CM AF Rein, David B. Weinbaum, Cindy M. TI The cost-effectiveness of using hepatitis A/B combined vaccine versus hepatitis B vaccine alone for high-risk heterosexuals SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A; hepatitis B; cost-effectiveness; vaccine; STD clinics; heterosexuals ID UNITED-STATES AB Previous studies estimated that vaccinating high-risk heterosexuals (HRH) with combination hepatitis A/B vaccine was a cost-effective alternative to vaccinating HRH against hepatitis B alone. Since then, the incidence of hepatitis A has declined dramatically in the United States. We re-estimate the cost-effectiveness of this policy accounting for modern declines in incidence. According to our estimates, vaccinating with combination vaccine resulted in a cost of $120,000 per quality adjusted life year gained (2.79 times the 2005 United States Gross Domestic Product per capita), a ratio that is less favorable than those for most other vaccination strategies. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rein, David B.] RTI Int, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Weinbaum, Cindy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rein, DB (reprint author), RTI Int, 2951 Flowers Rd,Suite 119, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM drein@rti.org NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 3 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 42 BP 5331 EP 5333 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.089 PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 358SA UT WOS:000259936600001 PM 18706957 ER PT J AU Dempsey, AF Cowan, AE Stokley, S Messonnier, M Clark, SJ Davis, MM AF Dempsey, Amanda F. Cowan, Anne E. Stokley, Shannon Messonnier, Mark Clark, Sarah J. Davis, Matthew M. TI The role of economic information in decision-making by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE immunization; vaccination; Advisory Committee ID UNITED-STATES; VACCINE AB With cost of vaccines steadily increasing, recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) have growing economic implications for the public. We used semi-structured telephone interviews to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the 15 voting members of the 2006-2007 ACIP regarding the use of economic information by the committee in their deliberations about new vaccine recommendations. These interviews demonstrated the importance of economic information in ACIP deliberations, but also revealed that many members felt economic information should not be outweighed by the more important issues of vaccine efficacy, disease burden, and safety. In addition, though members had variable levels of expertise in analyzing economic data, there was a general concern that assumptions inherent in the development of cost-effectiveness models made interpretation of the data resulting from these models difficult. To counteract this concern, several ACIP members suggested standardizing the process of how economic data are presented to the committee so that a more uniform consideration of consequential information might be undertaken by the ACIP in their deliberations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dempsey, Amanda F.; Cowan, Anne E.; Clark, Sarah J.; Davis, Matthew M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat, CHEAR Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Stokley, Shannon; Messonnier, Mark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dempsey, AF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat, CHEAR Unit, 300 N Ingalls,Room 6E08, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM adempsey@umich.edu FU the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The authors wish to thank members of the ACIP for their participation in these interviews. This work was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 3 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 42 BP 5389 EP 5392 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.085 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 358SA UT WOS:000259936600010 PM 18708111 ER PT J AU Mahmood, K Bright, RA Mytle, N Carter, DM Crevar, C Achenbach, JE Heaton, PM Tumpey, TM Ross, TM AF Mahmood, Kutubuddin Bright, Rick A. Mytle, Nutan Carter, Donald M. Crevar, CoreyJ. Achenbach, Jenna E. Heaton, Penny M. Tumpey, Terrence M. Ross, Ted M. TI H5N1VLP vaccine induced protection in ferrets against lethal challenge with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; vaccine; ferret; virus-like particle; H5N1 ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; HEMAGGLUTININ; PROTEINS AB In this study, recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) were evaluated as a candidate vaccine against emerging influenza viruses with pandemic potential. The VLPs are composed of the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix 1 (M1) proteins of the H5N1 A/Indonesia/05/2005 (clade 2.1; [Indo/05]) virus, which were expressed using baculovirus in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. Ferrets received either 2 injections of the VLP vaccine at escalating doses (based on HA content), recombinant HA, or were mock vaccinated. Vaccinated ferrets were then challenged with either H5N1 Indo/05 or H5N1 A/Viet Nam 1203/2004 (VN/04) wild-type viruses. All ferrets that received the VLP vaccine survived regardless of the VLPdose or challenge strain, whereas seven of eight mock vaccinated ferrets died. The VLP vaccine induced HAI antibodies against the homologous H5N1 clade 2.1 strain, as well as heterologous strains from H5N1 clades 1, 2.2, and 2.3. The magnitude of the HAI titers correlated with VLP dose. Neutralizing antibody responses against the Indo/05 and VN/04 strains showed a similar pattern. Affinity of the anti-HA antibodies raised by the H5N1 Indo/05 VLPs had a higher association rate to the homologous clade 2.1 HA than to the clade I (VN/04) HA; however, once bound, antibodies had similar slow disassociation rates. These results provide support for continued development of the H5N1 VLPs as a candidate vaccine against pandemic influenza. Exploration of immunologic correlates of protection for H5N1 vaccines beyond HAI and neutralizing antibody responses is warranted. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carter, Donald M.; Crevar, CoreyJ.; Ross, Ted M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Vaccine Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Mahmood, Kutubuddin; Bright, Rick A.; Heaton, Penny M.] Novavax Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Mytle, Nutan] So Res Inst, Birmingham, AL 35255 USA. [Ross, Ted M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Achenbach, Jenna E.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ross, TM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Vaccine Res, 9047 Biomed Sci Tower 3,3501 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM rbright@path.org; tmr15@pitt.edu NR 11 TC 95 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 3 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 42 BP 5393 EP 5399 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.084 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 358SA UT WOS:000259936600011 PM 18706956 ER PT J AU Bandini, LG Must, A Naumova, EN Anderson, SE Caprio, S Spadano-Gasbarro, JL Dietz, WH AF Bandini, L. G. Must, A. Naumova, E. N. Anderson, S. E. Caprio, S. Spadano-Gasbarro, J. L. Dietz, W. H. TI Change in leptin, body composition and other hormones around menarche - a visual representation SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE body fatness; leptin; menarche; sexual maturation ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; SERUM LEPTIN; PUBERTY; FEMALES; ETHNICITY; CHILDREN; FATNESS; GROWTH; GENDER; GIRLS AB Aim: To present a visual representation of changes in body composition, leptin, insulin, estradiol and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in relation to menarche in girls. Methods: Participants were a subset of healthy girls (n = 108) enrolled in a longitudinal study of growth and development conducted at the General Clinical Research Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Participants were seen annually from before menarche until 4 years postmenarche for measures of body composition and serum levels of leptin, insulin, estradiol and FSH. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance. Standardized body composition and hormone levels were smoothed and plotted relative to menarche to visualize patterns of change. Results: At menarche, the mean percentage body fat (%BF) of girls was 24.6% (SD = 4.1%) after menarche %BF was similar to 27%. Leptin levels averaged 8.4 ng/mL (SD = 4.6) at menarche and were similar to 12 ng/mL after menarche. Changes in leptin levels closely paralleled changes in %BF. Insulin, estradiol and FSH levels followed expected patterns relative to menarche. Leptin began rising closer to menarche than did insulin or the other sex hormones. Conclusion: We provide a visual presentation of hormonal and body composition changes occurring throughout the pubertal period in girls which may be useful in generating new hypotheses related to the timing of menarche. C1 [Bandini, L. G.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. [Bandini, L. G.] Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Must, A.; Naumova, E. N.; Anderson, S. E.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Anderson, S. E.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Caprio, S.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Spadano-Gasbarro, J. L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Dietz, W. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bandini, LG (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr, 200 Trapelo Rd, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. EM Linda.bandini@umassmed.edu RI Naumova, Elena/C-5954-2011; Anderson, Sarah/A-9792-2008; OI Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734 FU NIH [DK-HD50537, M01-RR-00088, M01-RR-01066, 5-PD-DK46200.] FX We gratefully acknowledge Katherine Getzewich, and Zoom Vu and the staff at the clinical research centre for their assistance with the study, and we thank the girls who enrolled for their commitment to the study. We also gratefully acknowledge Aida Grossman for her analysis of the hormones. The study was supported by NIH grants DK-HD50537, M01-RR-00088, M01-RR-01066 and 5-PD-DK46200. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 97 IS 10 BP 1454 EP 1459 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00948.x PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 347MR UT WOS:000259146200028 PM 18657126 ER PT J AU Sunthornchart, S Linkins, RW Natephisarnwanish, V Levine, WC Maneesinthu, K Lolekha, R Tappero, JW Trirat, N Muktier, S Chancharastong, P Fox, K Donchalermpak, S Vitek, C Supawitkul, S AF Sunthornchart, Sunthorn Linkins, Robert W. Natephisarnwanish, Voranut Levine, William C. Maneesinthu, Kunyarat Lolekha, Rangsima Tappero, Jordan W. Trirat, Nisanart Muktier, Suchada Chancharastong, Pennapa Fox, Kimberley Donchalermpak, Suwanna Vitek, Charles Supawitkul, Somsak TI Prevalence of hepatitis B, tetanus, hepatitis A, human immunodeficiency virus and feasibility of vaccine delivery among injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand, 2003-2005 SO ADDICTION LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A and B; HIV; immunization; injection drug users; tetanus ID SUBOPTIMAL RESPONSE; IMPAIRED RESPONSE; C VIRUS; HIV; INFECTION; TENOFOVIR; PATTERNS; NUMBER AB Objectives To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), tetanus, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in injecting drug users (IDUs), risk factors associated with infection and the feasibility of HBV vaccine delivery in HBV seronegatives. Methods Cross-sectional seroprevalence survey of 1535 IDUs recruited from 17 Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) methadone clinics and HBV vaccination of seronegatives. Results Prevalence of antibody to HBV, tetanus, HAV and HIV was 87.8%, 68.1%, 60.2% and 35.9%, respectively. Prevalence of HBV and HAV increased with increasing age; prevalence of tetanus decreased with increasing age. Being HIV seropositive was related inversely to income and being tetanus seronegative. Of the 189 HBV seronegative IDUs, 81.0% completed the vaccine series. IDUs with HIV had a 6.5-fold odds of vaccine non-response. Conclusions These data underscore the need for, and feasibility of, vaccine delivery in this population and support targeting efforts at high-risk age groups. C1 [Linkins, Robert W.] Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [Sunthornchart, Sunthorn; Natephisarnwanish, Voranut; Maneesinthu, Kunyarat; Trirat, Nisanart; Chancharastong, Pennapa; Donchalermpak, Suwanna] Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Dept Hlth Serv, Bangkok, Thailand. [Linkins, Robert W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV, AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Levine, William C.; Tappero, Jordan W.; Fox, Kimberley; Vitek, Charles] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Levine, William C.; Tappero, Jordan W.; Fox, Kimberley; Vitek, Charles] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Linkins, RW (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, DDC7 Bldg 4th Floor,Soi 4, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM rlinkins@th.cdc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The authors wish to thank the following individuals for their assistance: Prapan Kitisin MD, Udomsak Sangkhum, WonchartSubhachaturus MD, Eiam Vimutsunkit MD, the Director of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment Division, Clinic 1 and 2, and the Directors of Public Health Centers 3, 4, 6, 7, 16, 19, 22-24, 29, 31, 40, 41, 43, 48 and 51 ( Bangkok Metropolitan Administration); Janet M. McNicholl MD, MMedSc (Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control Collaboration); Richard Garfein PhD, MPH ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention); and Andrew Moss PhD ( University of California, San Francisco). Special thanks are also given to the injecting drug users who participated in this project. This project was funded by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0965-2140 J9 ADDICTION JI Addiction PD OCT PY 2008 VL 103 IS 10 BP 1687 EP 1695 DI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02303.x PG 9 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 345AV UT WOS:000258969300014 PM 18705685 ER PT J AU Marum, E Morgan, G Hightower, A Ngare, C Taegtmeyer, M AF Marum, Elizabeth Morgan, Gwendolyn Hightower, Allen Ngare, Carol Taegtmeyer, Miriam TI Using mass media campaigns to promote voluntary counseling and HIV-testing services in Kenya SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; mass media; public health; scale-up; voluntary counseling and HIV-testing ID VASECTOMY; CENTERS AB Background: Kenya, a country with high HIV prevalence, has seen a rapid scale-up of voluntary counseling and HIV-testing (VCT) services from three sites in 2000 to 585 by June 2005. From 2002 onwards, services were promoted by a four-phase professionally designed mass media campaign. Objective: To assess the impact of a mass media campaign on VCT services. Design: Observational data from client records. Methods: VCT client data from 131 voluntary counseling and testing sites were included. Descriptive statistics and Poisson regression were used to assess the impact of campaign phases. Results: Client records (381 160) from 131 sites were analyzed. A linear increase in new sites and an exponential increase in client utilization were observed. Regression analysis revealed that the first phase of the campaign increased attendance by 28.5% (95% confidence interval = 15.9, 42.5%) and the fourth by 42.5% (95% confidence interval = 28.4, 64.1%). These two phases, which directly mentioned HIV, had more impact on Utilization than the second and third phases, which did not have a significant effect. Conclusion: The Kenyan experience suggests that a professional, intensive mass media campaign is likely to contribute to increases in utilization of testing. Expansion of programs for counseling and HIV testing in developing countries is likely to be facilitated by mass media promotion of these services. (c) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Marum, Elizabeth] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Morgan, Gwendolyn] Populat Serv Int, Nairobi, Kenya. [Hightower, Allen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Hlth & Human Serv, Off Director, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ngare, Carol] Natl AIDS & STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Taegtmeyer, Miriam] Liverpool VCT Treatment & Care, Nairobi, Kenya. [Taegtmeyer, Miriam] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. RP Marum, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM emarum@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 15 BP 2019 EP 2024 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283104066 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 355AD UT WOS:000259680100014 PM 18784464 ER PT J AU Weidle, PJ Moore, D Mermin, J Buchacz, K Were, W Downing, R Kigozi, A Ndazima, V Peters, P Brooks, JT AF Weidle, Paul J. Moore, David Mermin, Jonathan Buchacz, Kate Were, Willy Downing, Robert Kigozi, Aminah Ndazima, Vincent Peters, Philip Brooks, John T. TI Liver Enzymes Improve Over Twenty-Four Months of First-Line Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Based Therapy in Rural Uganda SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; AIDS CARE PROGRAM; COINFECTED PATIENTS; NEVIRAPINE; HEPATOTOXICITY; EFAVIRENZ; TOXICITY; AFRICA AB We studied hepatic transaminases among rural Ugandans initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) and assessed the impact of positive serology for hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg) and coadministration of therapy for tuberculosis. From July 2003 to December 2004, persons with symptomatic HIV disease or a CD4 count less than 250 cells/mm(3) and who had alanine transferase (ALT) or aspartate transferase (AST) less than 5 times the upper limit of normal were started on HAART including nevirapine (96%) or efavirenz (4%). Repository sera from a subset of 596 participants were analyzed for hepatic transaminase levels. A transaminase elevation was present before therapy for 249 (42%) of 596, at 3 months for 140 (25%) of 553, 12 months for 59 (11%) of 520, and 24 months for 67 (13%) of 508. In multivariate analyses, a transaminase elevation at 3 months was associated with male gender ( odds ratio [ OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-2.35), body mass index less than 18 kg/m(2) ( OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.34-3.30), transaminase elevation at baseline ( OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.30-2.99), and treatment for tuberculosis ( OR, 4.68; 95% CI, 2.28-9.59). HBsAg status was not associated with transaminase elevations at baseline or while on HAART. The prevalence of hepatic transaminase elevations decreased during non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based antiretroviral therapy in this cohort of HIV-infected persons in rural Uganda. C1 [Weidle, Paul J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Moore, David; Mermin, Jonathan; Were, Willy; Downing, Robert; Kigozi, Aminah; Ndazima, Vincent] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Ctr Dis Control Uganda, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Weidle, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pweidle@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 FU U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; U.S. Agency for International Development through President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief FX Drs. Weidle, Moore, Buchacz, and Brooks led the writing of the manuscript, although all coauthors reviewed and contributed to the manuscript.; The Institutional Review Boards of the Uganda Virus Research Institute and the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) approved the study. Informed consent to participate in the program was obtained from each participant in English or one of six local languages. Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov; identifier: NCT00119093.; Funding was provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Agency for International Development through President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. CDC staff participated in the design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; writing the report; and the decision to submit the paper for publication. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.; We thank the volunteers, staff, and clients of TASO; the staff of CDC-Uganda, and the Global AIDS Program Headquarters. We also acknowledge the contributions of Fatu Forna of the Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, Georgia. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 10 BP 787 EP 795 DI 10.1089/apc.2008.0020 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 367SX UT WOS:000260574000004 PM 18778241 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, SS Lapedes, A Tang, H Gnanakaran, G Daniels, MG Zhang, M Li, M Polonis, VR McCutchan, FE Morris, L Ellenberger, D Butera, ST Bollinger, RC Korber, BT Paranjape, RS Montefiori, DC AF Kulkarni, S. S. Lapedes, A. Tang, H. Gnanakaran, G. Daniels, M. G. Zhang, M. Li, M. Polonis, V. R. McCutchan, F. E. Morris, L. Ellenberger, D. Butera, S. T. Bollinger, R. C. Korber, B. T. Paranjape, R. S. Montefiori, D. C. TI Highly Complex Neutralization Determinants on a Monophyletic Lineage of Newly Transmitted Subtype C HIV-1 Env Clones from India SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT AIDS Vaccine 2008 Conference CY OCT 13-16, 2008 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP NIAID, Div AIDS, NIH, Div AIDS C1 [Kulkarni, S. S.; Paranjape, R. S.] Natl AIDS Res Inst, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Lapedes, A.; Gnanakaran, G.; Daniels, M. G.; Zhang, M.; Korber, B. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Tang, H.; Li, M.; Montefiori, D. C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Polonis, V. R.; McCutchan, F. E.; Bollinger, R. C.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Morris, L.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Ellenberger, D.; Butera, S. T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 24 BP 48 EP 49 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 367CT UT WOS:000260530800117 ER PT J AU Chege, W Ogendo, A Otieno, F McLellan-Lemal, E Pals, S Thomas, T Chen, RT AF Chege, W. Ogendo, A. Otieno, F. McLellan-Lemal, E. Pals, S. Thomas, T. Chen, R. T. TI HIV Vaccine Preparedness Incidence Cohort Study in Kisumu, Western Kenya SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT AIDS Vaccine 2008 Conference CY OCT 13-16, 2008 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP NIAID, Div AIDS, NIH, Div AIDS C1 [Chege, W.; McLellan-Lemal, E.; Pals, S.; Chen, R. T.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ogendo, A.; Otieno, F.; Thomas, T.] CDC, KEMRI, Kisumu, Nyanza, Kenya. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 24 BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 367CT UT WOS:000260530800163 ER PT J AU Gust, DA Wiegand, RE Para, M Chen, R Bartholow, B AF Gust, D. A. Wiegand, R. E. Para, M. Chen, R. Bartholow, B. TI HIV Testing Outside of the Study among Men Who Have Sex with Men Participating in an HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trial SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT AIDS Vaccine 2008 Conference CY OCT 13-16, 2008 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP NIAID, Div AIDS, NIH, Div AIDS C1 [Gust, D. A.; Wiegand, R. E.; Chen, R.; Bartholow, B.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Para, M.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 24 BP 110 EP 110 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 367CT UT WOS:000260530800279 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Zhao, GX Li, CY Pearson, WS Mokdad, AH AF Ford, Earl S. Zhao, Guixiang Li, Chaoyang Pearson, William S. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Trends in obesity abdominal obesity among hypertensive and nonhypertensive adults in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; PREVALENCE; AWARENESS; METAANALYSIS; PROGRAM AB BACKGROUND As the prevalence of obesity has increased in the United States, it is likely that the prevalence of obesity among people with hypertension has increased as well. Because little is known about this issue, our objective was to compare secular trends in the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity among hypertensive and nonhypertensive adults in the United States. METHODS We used data from adults aged 18-74 years who participated in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANESs) during 1976-1980, 1988-1994, and 1999-2004. RESULTS Among adults with hypertension, the age-adjusted mean body mass index increased from 27.5 kg/m(2) during 1976-1980 to 31.2 kg/m(2) during 1999-2004 (P < 0.001), and the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity increased from 25.7-50.8% (P < 0.001). Among adults without hypertension, mean body mass index increased from 24.2-27.1 kg/m(2) (P < 0.001), and the prevalence of obesity increased from 8.4-25.1% (P < 0.001). The prevalence of obesity among women with hypertension exceeded that among men with hypertension during all three surveys (P < 0.05 for all three surveys). During 1999-2004, 56.4% (s.e. 3.4) of women with hypertension were obese compared with 46.9% (s.e. 2.1) of men. During this same time period, the prevalence of obesity was highest among Mexican-American women with hypertension (63.8%; s.e. 4.2) and lowest among African-American men with hypertension (43.8%; s.e. 2.5). CONCLUSIONS Over half of people with hypertension are currently obese. The large increase in obesity among people with hypertension presents clinicians with a serious challenge in the management of hypertension. C1 [Ford, Earl S.; Zhao, Guixiang; Li, Chaoyang; Pearson, William S.; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0895-7061 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1124 EP 1128 DI 10.1038/ajh.2008.246 PG 5 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 352NC UT WOS:000259502900011 PM 18772861 ER PT J AU Violanti, JM Charles, LE Hartley, TA Mnatsakanova, A Andrew, ME Fekedulegn, D Vila, B Burchfiel, CM AF Violanti, John M. Charles, Luenda E. Hartley, Tara A. Mnatsakanova, Anna Andrew, Michael E. Fekedulegn, Desta Vila, Bryan Burchfiel, Cecil M. TI Shift-work and suicide ideation among police officers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE police; shift work; suicide ideation; depression; PTSD ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; CORTISOL SECRETION; RISK; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; IMPACT; SLEEP; PTSD AB Background This cross-sectional study assessed the association of shift work with suicide ideation among police officers. Methods Shift work was based on daily payroll records over 5 years (41 women, 70 men). Standardized psychological measures were employed. ANOVA and Poisson regression were used to evaluate associations. Results Among policewomen with increased depressive symptoms, prevalence of suicide ideation increased by 116% for every 10-unit increase in percentage of hours worked on day shift (prevalence ratio (PR) 2.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-3.71). Among policemen with higher (but not lower) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, prevalence of suicide ideation increased by 13% with every 10-unit increase in the percentage of hours worked on afternoon shift (PR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.00-1.22). Conclusion Prevalence of suicide ideation significantly increased among policewomen with higher depressive symptoms and increasing day shaft hours, and among policemen with higher PTSD symptoms with increasing afternoon shaft hours. C1 [Violanti, John M.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Charles, Luenda E.; Hartley, Tara A.; Mnatsakanova, Anna; Andrew, Michael E.; Fekedulegn, Desta; Burchfiel, Cecil M.] NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Vila, Bryan] Washington State Univ, Criminal Justice Program, Spokane, WA USA. [Vila, Bryan] Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Spokane, WA USA. RP Violanti, JM (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. EM violanti@buffalo.edu RI Charles, Luenda/H-6008-2011 FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH] [HELD01130088, IR030H003772-01] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH]; Contract grant number: HELD01130088.; This work was supported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), grant no. IR030H003772-01. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 51 IS 10 BP 758 EP 768 DI 10.1002/ajim.20629 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 348ZI UT WOS:000259248200006 PM 18704914 ER PT J AU Salvatore, AL Bradman, A Castorina, R Camacho, J Loopez, J Barr, DB Snyder, J Jewell, NP Eskenazi, B AF Salvatore, Alicia L. Bradman, Asa Castorina, Rosemary Camacho, Jose Lopez, Jesus Barr, Dana B. Snyder, John Jewell, Nicholas P. Eskenazi, Brenda TI Occupational behaviors and farmworkers' pesticide exposure: Findings from a study in Monterey County, California SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE farmworker; pesticides; worker protection standard (WPS); occupational behavior; clothing; urinary metabolites ID DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HEALTH PROMOTION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; AGRICULTURAL-WORKERS; HUMAN URINE; CHILDREN; COMMUNITY; MIGRANT; APPLICATORS AB Background We studied the relationship between behaviors promoted through the US Environmental Protection Agency Worker Protection Standard (WPS) and other programs and agricultural pesticide exposures in 73 strawberry fieldworkers employed in Monterey County, California. Methods Farmworkers' behaviors were assessed via self-report and organophosphorus (OP) pesticide exposure was measured using dimethyl alkylphosphate (DMAP) and malathion dicarboxylic acid (MDA) urinary metabolite levels. Results Wearing WPS-recommended clothing, wearing clean work clothes, and the combination of handwashing with soap and wearing gloves were associated with decreases in DMAP and MDA metabolite levels. Despite these protective behaviors, however, participants had significantly higher levels of exposure as compared with a national reference sample. Conclusions Interventions that facilitate compliance with these behaviors may be effective in decreasing fieldworkers' pesticide exposures. However further efforts are needed to reduce the exposure disparities experienced by farmworkers and decrease the potential for "take home" exposures to farmworkers' families. C1 [Salvatore, Alicia L.; Bradman, Asa; Castorina, Rosemary; Jewell, Nicholas P.; Eskenazi, Brenda] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lopez, Jesus] Calif Rural Legal Assistance, Salinas, CA USA. [Camacho, Jose] Clin Salud Valle Salinas, CHAMACOS, Salinas, CA USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Snyder, John] Univ Kentucky, Dept Hort, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eskenazi@berkeley.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [RO1 ES11352, PO1 ES009605]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [RD 83171001]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) FX Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Contract grant numbers: RO1 ES11352, PO1 ES009605; Contract grant sponsor: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Contract grant number: RD 83171001; Contract grant sponsor: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). NR 56 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 51 IS 10 BP 782 EP 794 DI 10.1002/ajim.20622 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 348ZI UT WOS:000259248200008 PM 18702096 ER PT J AU Nowalk, MP Lin, CJC Zimmerman, RK Fox, DE Raymund, M Tanis, MD Harper, JD Willis, BC AF Nowalk, Mary Patricia Lin, Chyongchiou J. Zimmerman, Richard K. Fox, Dwight E. Raymund, Mahlon Tanis, Mark D. Harper, Jay D. Willis, Bayo C. TI Self-reported influenza vaccination rates among health care workers in a large health system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM-CARE; MARROW TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ELDERLY OUTPATIENTS; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; HOUSE STAFF; PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR; IMMUNIZATION AB Background: The national health care worker (HCW) influenza vaccination rate is only 42% despite recommendations that HCWs receive influenza vaccine to prevent influenza among patients. Methods: Following an educational intervention to improve influenza vaccination in 6 facilities in a large health system (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), surveys were mailed to 1200 nonphysician HCWs to determine factors related to influenza vaccination and inform the following year's intervention. HCWs were proportionally sampled with oversampling for minority HCWs, and analyses were weighted to adjust for the clustered nature of the data. Results: Response rate was 61%. Influenza vaccination rates were 77% overall, 65% for minority HCWs and 80% for white HCWs (P = .02) for ever receiving vaccine and 57% overall, 45% for minority HCWs and 60% for white HCWs (P = .009) for receiving vaccine in 2005-2006. In logistic regression, belief that getting vaccinated against influenza is wise, physician recommendation, and older age were associated with higher likelihood of vaccination, whereas minority race and good health were associated with lower likelihood of ever receiving influenza vaccine. Conclusion: To increase influenza vaccination, interventions should address HCWs' most important reasons for getting vaccinated convenience and protecting themselves from influenza. (Am J infect Control 2008;36:574-81.) C1 [Nowalk, Mary Patricia; Lin, Chyongchiou J.; Zimmerman, Richard K.; Fox, Dwight E.; Raymund, Mahlon] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Family Med & Clin Epidemiol, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Lin, Chyongchiou J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Lin, Chyongchiou J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Lin, Chyongchiou J.; Zimmerman, Richard K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav & Community Hlth Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Tanis, Mark D.; Harper, Jay D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Employee Hlth Serv, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Willis, Bayo C.] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nowalk, MP (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Family Med & Clin Epidemiol, Sch Med, 3518 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM tnowalk@pitt.edu OI Zimmerman, Richard/0000-0001-5941-6092 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [IP000064-02] FX Supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, grant No. IP000064-02. Its contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the CDC or the ATPM. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 2008 VL 36 IS 8 BP 574 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.01.008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 359EE UT WOS:000259968400006 PM 18926311 ER PT J AU Cho, BH Kolasa, MS Messonnier, ML AF Cho, Bo-Hyun Kolasa, Maureen S. Messonnier, Mark L. TI Influenza vaccination coverage rate among high-risk children during the 2002-2003 influenza season SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; RECALL; AGE AB Background: Influenza vaccination is the primary method for preventing influenza and its complications. Characteristics of influenza vaccination coverage among high-risk children (HRC) during the 2002-2003 influenza season are described. Methods: Children aged I to 17 years continuously enrolled in private health insurance plans during the 2002-2003 influenza season and entered in MarketScan paid claims databases were included. Children were partitioned into 2 groups: high-risk children and nonhigh-risk children (non-HRC) based on their diagnosis history since 1998. The influenza vaccination coverage rates of both groups during the 2002-2003 influenza season were assessed by demographic, child, and provider-related variables. Results: The influenza vaccination coverage rate was 4.63% among all sampled children. Overall, influenza vaccination coverage rates were higher among HRC (11.74%) than non-HRC (3.31%). Among children ages 12 to 23 months, HRC had lower coverage than non-HRC, but, from age 2 years onward, HRC consistently had higher coverage than non-HRC. Influenza vaccination coverage varied by geographic area, with higher coverage among children living within metropolitan areas and in the Western and the Northeast regions of the United States. Children receiving vaccination under a comprehensive insurance plan had significantly lower coverage than children served by all other plan types. Conclusion: Influenza vaccination coverage during the 2002-2003 influenza season was very low among all children, leaving many children at risk for influenza and influenza-related complications. Coverage was influenced by child age, insurance plan type, and area of residence. (Am J Infect Control 2008 36:582-7.) C1 [Cho, Bo-Hyun; Kolasa, Maureen S.; Messonnier, Mark L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immuni Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cho, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, McKing Consulting Corp, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ddz5@cdc.gov FU CDC FX The study was conducted while Dr. Bo-Hyun Cho was in Prevention Effectiveness Fellowship of CDC. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 2008 VL 36 IS 8 BP 582 EP 587 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.09.013 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 359EE UT WOS:000259968400007 PM 18926312 ER PT J AU Tong, VT England, LJ Dietz, PM Asare, LA AF Tong, Van T. England, Lucinda J. Dietz, Patricia M. Asare, Lisa A. TI Smoking patterns and use of cessation interventions during pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BARRIERS; SMOKERS AB Background: Pregnant smokers should be counseled to quit smoking and offered effective cessation interventions. To improve understanding of how best to increase smoking-cessation rates during pregnancy, this study analyzed population-based surveillance data to describe women's smoking patterns and the use of cessation services during pregnancy. Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2004 and 2005 New Jersey Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a population-based survey of postpartum women (n=4473). Measures of behaviors included the timing of quit relative to the learning of pregnancy, provider assistance, the use of cessation interventions, and barriers to quitting. Analyses were done in 2007 and 2008. Results: An estimated 16.2% (95% CI = 15.1, 17.3) of women smoked before pregnancy. Of these, 49.8% quit before entering prenatal care, and 5.2% quit after entering prenatal care. Almost all women reported that their prenatal care provider asked if they smoked, but only 56.7% reported that a provider counseled them to quit smoking. Only 11.5% of women who smoked in late pregnancy used a cessation method, including self-help materials (6.3%); medications (3.9%); face-to-face counseling (1.7%); telephone-based counseling (1.5%); Internet-based counseling (1.3%); and a class or program (1.0%). The most frequently reported barriers to quitting were cravings for a cigarette, stress, and being around people who smoked. Conclusions: Nearly half of pregnant New Jersey smokers quit before prenatal care, and very few quit later. Few continuing smokers used a smoking-cessation method when trying to quit or cut back. Efforts should be intensified to increase the knowledge, promotion, and referral to effective interventions to help pregnant smokers quit. C1 [Tong, Van T.] CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Asare, Lisa A.] New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Tong, VT (reprint author), CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vtong@cdc.gov OI Tong, Van/0000-0002-3970-1440 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.033 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 349UN UT WOS:000259308900002 PM 18779027 ER PT J AU Peters, VB Liu, KL Robinson, LG Dominguez, KL Abrams, EJ Gill, BS Thomas, PA AF Peters, Vicki B. Liu, Kai-Lih Robinson, Lisa-Gaye Dominguez, Kenneth L. Abrams, Elaine J. Gill, Balwant S. Thomas, Pauline A. TI Trends in perinatal HIV prevention in New York City, 1994-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MOTHER-TO-CHILD; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; UNITED-STATES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE; INFECTION; THAILAND; REGIMENS AB Objectives. We examined trends in perinatal HIV prevention interventions in New York City implemented during 1994 to 2003 to ascertain the success of the interventions in reducing perinatal transmission. Methods. We used data obtained from infant records at 22 hospitals. We used multiple logistic regression to analyze factors associated with prenatal care and perinatal HIV transmission. Results. We analyzed data for 4729 perinatally HIV-exposed singleton births. Of mothers with prenatal care data, 92% had prenatal care. The overall proportion who received prenatal care and were diagnosed with HIV before delivery was 86% in 1994 to 1996 and 90% in 1997 to 2003. Use of prenatal antiretrovirals among mothers who received prenatal care was 63% in 1994 to 1996 and 82% in 1997 to 2003. From 1994 to 2003, cesarean births among the entire sample increased from 15% to 55%. During 1997 to 2003, the perinatal HIV transmission rate among the entire sample was 7%; 45% of mothers of infected infants had missed opportunities for perinatal HIV prevention. During 1997 to 2003, maternal illicit drug use was significantly associated with lack of prenatal care. Lack of prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal anti retrovirals; maternal illicit drug use; and low birthweight were significantly associated with perinatal HIV transmission. Conclusions. Interventions for perinatal HIV prevention can successfully decrease HIV transmission rates. Ongoing perinatal HIV surveillance allows for monitoring the implementation of guidelines to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV and determining factors that may contribute to perinatal HIV transmission. C1 [Peters, Vicki B.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Epidemiol & Field Serv Program, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Robinson, Lisa-Gaye; Abrams, Elaine J.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Harlem Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Dominguez, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thomas, Pauline A.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Peters, VB (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Epidemiol & Field Serv Program, 346 Broadway,Room 706, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM vpeters@health.nyc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U64/CCU206818] FX This work was supported in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cooperative agreement U64/CCU206818). We thank the New York City Health Department and Mental Hygiene Project Staff for performing data collection end data management for this study: Catrice Abner, Myrna Beckles, Janine Brewtann, Annette Brooks, Sharon Browne-Isles, Patricia Diggs, Stephanie Manning, Chore Mapson, Carol McFarlane, Karla McFarlane, Samuel Sawyerr, James Swanzy-Parker, and Rosamond Walker.; We thank the physicians of tire collaborating hospitals for the-it cooperation in conducting this study: NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 98 IS 10 BP 1857 EP 1864 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.110023 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 354HT UT WOS:000259630400026 PM 18309139 ER PT J AU Kogan, MD Singh, GK Dee, DL Belanoff, C Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Kogan, Michael D. Singh, Gopal K. Dee, Deborah L. Belanoff, Candice Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. TI Multivariate analysis of state variation in breastfeeding rates in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DETERMINANTS; MILLENNIUM; DURATION; HEALTH AB Objectives. We sought to determine the impact of sociodemographic and behavioral factors and state legislation on breastfeeding initiation (child ever fed breastmilk) and duration. Methods. We used data from a nationally representative study of children aged 6 to 71 months (N=33121); we calculated unadjusted and adjusted state estimates for breastfeeding initiation and duration. We used logistic regression models to examine factors associated with never breastfeeding or breastfeeding less than 6 months. We conducted a multilevel analysis of state legislation's role. Results. There were wide state variations in breastfeeding initiation and duration. The western and northwestern states had the highest rates. Covariate adjustment accounted for 25% to 30% of the disparity. Multivariate analysis showed that the adjusted odds of not being breastfed were 2.5- to 5.15-times greater in southern states compared with Oregon (reference). Children in states without breastfeeding legislation had higher odds of not being breastfed. Conclusions. Sociodemographic and maternal factors do not account for most breastfeeding rate variation. The association with breastfeeding legislation should be explored and may reflect cultural norms. C1 [Kogan, Michael D.; Singh, Gopal K.] US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Dee, Deborah L.; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Belanoff, Candice] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kogan, MD (reprint author), US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, 5600 Fishers Lane,Room 18-41, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. EM mkogan@hrsa.gov OI Belanoff, Candice/0000-0002-2491-7548 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 98 IS 10 BP 1872 EP 1880 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.127118 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 354HT UT WOS:000259630400028 PM 18703441 ER PT J AU Hopkins, DR Ruiz-Tiben, E Downs, P Withers, PC Roy, S AF Hopkins, Donald R. Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto Downs, Philip Withers, P. Craig, Jr. Roy, Sharon TI Dracunculiasis eradication: Neglected no longer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB This report summarizes the status of the global Dracunculiasis Eradication Program as of early 2008. By the end of 2007, dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) transmission had been eliminated from 15 of the 20 countries where the disease was endemic in 1.986, only 9.585 cases were reported worldwide, and 2,016 villages still had indigenous cases of the disease. Two of the remaining affected countries (Nigeria and Niger) reported < 100 cases in 2007 and are on the verge of eliminating dracunculiasis if they have not stopped transmission already. Sudan, Ghana, and Mali are addressing their final challenges to interrupting all remaining transmission by the end of 2009. C1 [Hopkins, Donald R.] Carter Ctr, Hlth Programs, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Carter Ctr, Guinea Worm Eradicat Program, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. Carter Ctr, Program Support Hlth Programs, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. RP Hopkins, DR (reprint author), Carter Ctr, Hlth Programs, 453 Freedom Pkwy, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. EM sdsulli@emory.edu NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 4 BP 474 EP 479 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 357PG UT WOS:000259858000002 PM 18840732 ER PT J AU Kyelem, D Biswas, G Bockarie, MJ Bradley, MH El-Setouhy, M Fischer, PU Henderson, RH Kazura, JW Lammie, PJ Njenga, SM Ottesen, EA Ramaiah, KD Richards, FO Weil, GJ Williams, SA AF Kyelem, Dominique Biswas, Gautam Bockarie, Moses J. Bradley, Mark H. El-Setouhy, Maged Fischer, Peter U. Henderson, Ralph H. Kazura, James W. Lammie, Patrick J. Njenga, Sammy M. Ottesen, Eric A. Ramaiah, Kapa D. Richards, Frank O. Weil, Gary J. Williams, Steven A. TI Determinants of success in national programs to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: A perspective identifying essential elements and research needs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI INFECTION; MASS; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; INDIA; ADMINISTRATIONS; ALBENDAZOLE; IVERMECTIN; PREVALENCE; EGYPT AB The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) was launched in 2000. To understand why some national programs have been more successful than others, a panel of individuals with expertise in LF elimination efforts met to assess available data from programs in 8 countries. The goal was to identify: 1) the factors determining success for national LF elimination programs (defined as the rapid, sustained reduction in microfilaremia/antigenemia after repeated mass drug administration [MDA]): 2) the priorities for operational research to enhance LF elimination efforts. Of more than 40 factors identified, the most prominent were 1) initial level of LF endemicity: 2) effectiveness of vector mosquitoes; 3) MDA drug regimen: 4) population compliance. Research important for facilitating program success was identified as either biologic (i.e., [1] quantifying differences in vectorial capacity; [2] identifying seasonal variations affecting LF transmission) or programmatic (i.e., [1] identifying quantitative thresholds, especially the population compliance levels necessary for success, and the antigenemia or microfilaremia prevalence at which MDA programs can stop with minimal risk of resumption of transmission; [2] defining optimal drug distribution strategies and timing; [3] identifying those individuals who are "persistently noncompliant" during MDAs, the reasons for this non-compliance and approaches to overcoming it). While addressing these challenges is important, many key determinants of program success are already clearly understood; operationalizing these as soon as possible will greatly increase the potential for national program success. C1 [Kyelem, Dominique] Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Lymphat Filariasis Support Ctr, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. WHO, Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Lymphat Filariasis Support Ctr, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Global Community Partnerships, Brentford TW8 9GS, Middx, England. Ain Shams Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Cairo, Egypt. Ain Shams Univ, Fac Med, Dept Community Environm & Occupat Med, Cairo, Egypt. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Infect Dis Div, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Global Hlth & Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi 00200, Kenya. Indian Council Med Res, Vector Control Res Ctr, Pondicherry 605008, India. Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Smith Coll, Clark Sci Ctr, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DPD, NCID, CCID, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. RP Kyelem, D (reprint author), Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Lymphat Filariasis Support Ctr, 325 Swanton Way, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. EM dkyelem@taskforce.org; eottesen@taskforce.org RI Fischer, Peter/A-2746-2008 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI065717, U19 AI065717-04] NR 22 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 4 BP 480 EP 484 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 357PG UT WOS:000259858000003 PM 18840733 ER PT J AU Levy, MZ Quispe-Machaca, VR Ylla-Velasquez, JL Waller, LA Richards, JM Rath, B Borrini-Mayori, K del Carpio, JGC Cordova-Benzaquen, E McKenzie, FE Wirtz, RA Maguire, JH Gilman, RH Bern, C AF Levy, Michael Z. Quispe-Machaca, Victor R. Ylla-Velasquez, Jose L. Waller, Lance A. Richards, Jean M. Rath, Bruno Borrini-Mayori, Katty del Carpio, Juan G. Cornejo Cordova-Benzaquen, Eleazar McKenzie, F. Ellis Wirtz, Robert A. Maguire, James H. Gilman, Robert H. Bern, Caryn TI Impregnated netting slows infestation by Triatoma infestans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS; CHAGAS-DISEASE CONTROL; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA; TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS; REDUVIIDAE; HEMIPTERA; DISPERSAL AB We used sentinel animal enclosures to measure the rate of infestation by the Chagas disease vector, Triatoma infestans, in an urban community of Arequipa, Peru, and to evaluate the effect of deltamethrin-impregnated netting on that rate. Impregnated netting decreased the rate of infestation of sentinel enclosures (rate ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.38; P < 0.001), controlling for the density of surrounding vector populations and the distance of these to the sentinel enclosures. Most migrant insects were early-stage nymphs, which are less likely to carry the parasitic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. Spread of the vector in the city therefore likely precedes spread of the parasite. Netting was particularly effective against adult insects and late-stage nymphs; taking into account population structure, netting decreased the reproductive value of migrant populations from 443.6 to 40.5. Impregnated netting can slow the spread of T. infestans and is a potentially valuable tool in the control of Chagas disease. C1 [Levy, Michael Z.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Asociac Benef Proyectos Informat Salud Med & Agr, AB PRISMA, Lima 32, Peru. Minist Salud, Direcc Reg, Arequipa, Peru. Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Nacl San Agustin, Fac Med, Arequipa, Peru. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Levy, MZ (reprint author), NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, 31 Ctr Dr,MSC2220, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM levymz@yahoo.com FU UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Program [A50684]; Howard Hughes Pre-doctoral fellowship; Fogarty Center of the NIH; National Institutes of Health [U19-AI-33061, RO1-AI047498.] FX This study received financial support from the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR Grant A50684). M.Z.L. was supported by a Howard Hughes Pre-doctoral fellowship. V.Q.M., J.L.Y.V., K.B., and B.R. were supported by a training grant from the Fogarty Center of the NIH. Additional support came from National Institutes of Health Grants U19-AI-33061 and RO1-AI047498. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 4 BP 528 EP 534 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 357PG UT WOS:000259858000009 PM 18840739 ER PT J AU Won, KY Kruszon-Moran, D Schantz, PM Jones, JL AF Won, Kimberly Y. Kruszon-Moran, Deanna Schantz, Peter M. Jones, Jeffrey L. TI National seroprevalence and risk factors for zoonotic Toxocara spp. infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EXCRETORY-SECRETORY ANTIGEN; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CANIS INFECTION; LEAD LEVELS; BLOOD LEAD; SCHOOLCHILDREN; ANTIBODIES; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; SPAIN AB To estimate the prevalence of Toxocara spp. infection in a representative sample of the United States population >= 6 years of age, sera from participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) were tested for antibodies to Toxocara. Among the 30,930 persons selected for the survey, 82% (N = 25,733) were interviewed, and 91% (N = 23,527) of those interviewed underwent physical examination of which 87% (N = 20,395) were tested. The age adjusted Toxocara seroprevalence was 1.3.9% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 12.5. 15.3), and was higher in non-Hispanic blacks (21.2%) than non-Hispanic whites (1.25) or Mexican Americans (10.7%; P < 0.001). Increased Toxocara seropositivity was associated with head of household level of education (low versus high) (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2; CI: 1.8, 2.8), poverty (OR: 1.5; CI: 1..3, 1.8), elevated blood lead concentrations (OR: 1.4; CI: 1.1, 1.9), and dog ownership (OR: 1.2; CI: 1.1, 1.4). Toxocara infection is widespread and associated with specific risk groups. C1 [Won, Kimberly Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Won, KY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kfw7@cdc.gov FU Novartis Animal Health USA, Inc FX This study was funded in part by a grant from Novartis Animal Health USA, Inc. NR 43 TC 97 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 4 BP 552 EP 557 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 357PG UT WOS:000259858000013 PM 18840743 ER PT J AU Winters, AM Eisen, RJ Lozano-Fuentes, S Moore, CG Pape, WJ Eisen, L AF Winters, Anna M. Eisen, Rebecca J. Lozano-Fuentes, Saul Moore, Chester G. Pape, W. John Eisen, Lars TI Predictive spatial models for risk of West Nile virus exposure in eastern and western Colorado SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CULEX-TARSALIS DIPTERA; EARLY WARNING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN COLORADO; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; VECTOR COMPETENCE; NEW-MEXICO; NEW-YORK AB In the absence of a vaccine for use in humans against West Nile virus (WNV), mosquito control and personal protection against mosquito bites are the only measures available to prevent disease. Improved spatial targeting is desirable for costly mosquito and WNV surveillance and control schemes. We used a multivariate regression modeling approach to develop spatial models predicting high risk of exposure to WNV in western and eastern Colorado based on associations between Geographic Information System-derived environmental data and zip code of residence for 3,659 human WNV disease cases from 2002 to 2006. Models were robust, with user accuracies for correct classification of high risk areas of 67-80%. The importance of selecting a suitable model development area in an ecologically and climatically diverse environment was shown by models based on data from the eastern plains landscape performing poorly in the mountainous western part of Colorado and vice versa. C1 [Winters, Anna M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Vector Borne Zoonot & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Communicable Dis Program, Denver, CO 80246 USA. RP Winters, AM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Infect Dis Annex,1690 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM anna.winters@colostate.edu RI Lozano-Fuentes, Saul/H-4324-2011 OI Lozano-Fuentes, Saul/0000-0003-1517-6853 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [T01/CCT822307]; Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; National Institutes of Health [AI-25489] FX The study was funded by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T01/CCT822307), Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and National Institutes of Health contract AI-25489. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 4 BP 581 EP 590 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 357PG UT WOS:000259858000019 PM 18840749 ER PT J AU Jain, V Nagpal, AC Joel, PK Shukla, M Singh, MP Gupta, RB Dash, AP Mishra, SK Udhayakumar, V Stiles, JK Singh, N AF Jain, Vidhan Nagpal, Avinash C. Joel, Pradeep K. Shukla, Manmohan Singh, Mrigendra P. Gupta, Rasik B. Dash, Aditya P. Mishra, Saroj K. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Stiles, Jonathan K. Singh, Neeru TI Burden of cerebral malaria in central India (2004-2007) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CLINICAL-FEATURES; CHILDREN; ADULTS; CHLOROQUINE; INDICATORS; MORTALITY; ROURKELA; DYNAMICS; SEQUELAE AB A study on the clinieoepidemiology of cerebral malaria (CM) and mild malaria (MM) among adults and children attending NSCB medical college hospital Jabalpur and civil hospital Maihar, Satna, in central India was undertaken. Of 1,633 patients, 401 were Plasmodium falciparum and 18 P. vivax. Of 401, 199 CM patients and 112 MM patients were enrolled. Severe complications among CM patients were jaundice (26%), acute renal failure (22%). respiratory distress (22%), severe malaria anemia (18%), hypotension (17%), hepatic encephalopathy (7.0%), and hematuria (5%). Among CM cases, seizures and severe malaria anemia were significantly higher in children (P < 0.0001) compared with adults, whereas jaundice (P < 0.0025), acute renal failure (P < 0.0001.), and hematuria (P <= 0.05) were significantly higher among adults. Mortality was high among adults with multiple organ failures. Overall case fatality rate was 21%. Neurologic sequelae at discharge from the hospital were 3%, whereas at follow-up, only 1% had persistent neurologic sequelae. C1 Natl Inst Malaria Res FU ICMR Jabalpur, Garha Jabalpur 482001, India. Natl Inst Malaria Res, Field Unit, ICMR, Jabalpur 482001, Madhya Pradesh, India. Nethaji Subhash Chandra Bose Med Coll Hosp, Jabalpur 482001, Madhya Pradesh, India. Reg Med Res Ctr Tribals ICMR, Jabalpur 482001, Madhya Pradesh, India. Natl Inst Malaria Res ICMR, New Delhi, India. Ispat Gen Hosp, Rourkela 769005, Orissa, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. RP Singh, N (reprint author), Reg Med Res Ctr Tribals, RMRCT Campus,Nagpur Rd, Garha Jabalpur 482001, India. EM oicmrc@yahoo.co.in FU National Institute of Health/Fogarty International Center [NIH/FIC R21TW006804-01] FX This study was supported by the National Institute of Health/Fogarty International Center, grant number NIH/FIC R21TW006804-01. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 4 BP 636 EP 642 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 357PG UT WOS:000259858000026 PM 18840756 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA Wagner, GR Downes, A Miller, DB AF Schulte, P. A. Wagner, G. R. Downes, A. Miller, D. B. TI A Framework for the Concurrent Consideration of Occupational Hazards and Obesity SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Review DE obesity; occupational safety and health; hazards; health promotion; overweight ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CARPAL-TUNNEL-SYNDROME; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; EMPLOYED DANISH MEN; HEALTH-PROMOTION; RISK-FACTORS; WEIGHT-GAIN; SICKNESS ABSENCE; WHITEHALL-II; JOB STRAIN AB Occupational hazards and obesity can lead to extensive morbidity and mortality and put great financial burden on society. Historically, occupational hazards and obesity have been addressed as separate unrelated issues, but both are public health problems and there may be public health benefits from considering them together. This paper provides a framework for the concurrent consideration of occupational hazards and obesity. The framework consists of the following elements: (i) investigate the relationship between occupational hazards and obesity, (ii) explore the impact of occupational morbidity and mortality and obesity on workplace absence, disability, productivity and healthcare costs, (iii) assess the utility of the workplace as a venue for obesity prevention programs, (iv) promote a comprehensive approach to worker health and (v) identify and address the ethical, legal and social issues. Utilizing this framework may advance the efforts to address the major societal health problems of occupational hazards and obesity. C1 [Schulte, P. A.; Wagner, G. R.; Downes, A.; Miller, D. B.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS-C14,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013 NR 134 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 52 IS 7 BP 555 EP 566 DI 10.1093/annhyg/men055 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 359FZ UT WOS:000259973100001 PM 18765399 ER PT J AU Wolff, BJ Thacker, WL Schwartz, SB Winchell, JM AF Wolff, Bernard J. Thacker, W. Lanier Schwartz, Stephanie B. Winchell, Jonas M. TI Detection of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae by real-time PCR and high-resolution melt analysis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID 23S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; AZITHROMYCIN PROPHYLAXIS; CLINICAL STRAINS; NORTH-AMERICA; IN-VITRO; MUTATIONS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; ERYTHROMYCIN; ANTIBIOTICS AB Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a significant cause of community-acquired pneumonia, which is often empirically treated with macrolides or azalides such as erythromycin or azithromycin. Recent studies have discovered the existence of macrolide-resistant strains within the population that have been mapped to mutations within the domain V region of the 23S rRNA gene. Currently, identification of these resistant strains relies on time-consuming and labor-intensive procedures such as restriction fragment length polymorphism, MIC studies, and sequence analysis. The current study reports two distinct real-time PCR assays that can detect the A2063G or A2064G base mutation (A2058G or A2059G by Escherichia coli numbering) conferring macrolide resistance. By subjecting the amplicon of the targeted domain V region of the 23S rRNA gene to a high-resolution melt curve analysis, macrolide-resistant strains can quickly be separated from susceptible strains. Utilizing this method, we screened 100 clinical isolates and found 5 strains to possess mutations conferring resistance. These findings were concordant with both sequencing and MIC data. This procedure was also used successfully to identify both susceptible and resistant genotypes in 23 patient specimens. These patient specimens tested positive for the presence of M. pneumoniae by a separate real-time PCR assay, although the bacteria could not be isolated by culture. This is the first report of a real-time PCR assay capable of detecting the dominant mutations that confer macrolide resistance on M. pneumoniae, and these assays may have utility in detecting resistant strains of other infectious agents. These assays may also allow for clinicians to select appropriate treatment options more rapidly and may provide a convenient method to conduct surveillance for genetic mutations conferring antibiotic resistance. C1 [Wolff, Bernard J.; Thacker, W. Lanier; Schwartz, Stephanie B.; Winchell, Jonas M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Winchell, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jwinchell@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 87 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 52 IS 10 BP 3542 EP 3549 DI 10.1128/AAC.00582-08 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 352FJ UT WOS:000259480800011 PM 18644962 ER PT J AU Williamson, YM Moura, H Woolfitt, AR Pirkle, JL Barr, JR Carvalho, MDG Ades, EP Carlone, GM Sampson, JS AF Williamson, Yulanda M. Moura, Hercules Woolfitt, Adrian R. Pirkle, James L. Barr, John R. Carvalho, Maria Da Gloria Ades, Edwin P. Carlone, George M. Sampson, Jacquelyn S. TI Differentiation of Streptococcus pneumoniae conjunctivitis outbreak isolates by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPID IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN BIOMARKERS; MALDI; DESORPTION/IONIZATION; BACTERIA; DISCRIMINATION; CHILDREN AB Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus [Pnc]) is a causative agent of many infectious diseases, including pneumonia, septicemia, otitis media, and conjunctivitis. There have been documented conjunctivitis outbreaks in which nontypeable (NT), nonencapsulated Pnc has been identified as the etiological agent. The use of mass spectrometry to comparatively and differentially analyze protein and peptide profiles of whole-cell microorganisms remains somewhat uncharted. In this report, we discuss a comparative proteomic analysis between NT S. pneumoniae conjunctivitis outbreak strains (cPnc) and other known typeable or NT pneumococcal and streptococcal isolates (including Pnc TIGR4 and R6, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and nonstreptococcal isolates (including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus) as controls. cPnc cells and controls were grown to mid-log phase, harvested, and subsequently treated with a 10% trifluoroacetic acid-sinapinic acid matrix mixture. Protein and peptide fragments of the whole-cell bacterial isolate-matrix combinations ranging in size from 2 to 14 kDa were evaluated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Additionally Random Forest analytical tools and dendrogramic representations (Genesis) suggested similarities and clustered the isolates into distinct clonal groups, respectively. Also, a peak list of protein and peptide masses was obtained and compared to a known Pnc protein mass library, in which a peptide common and unique to cPnc isolates was tentatively identified. Information gained from this study will lead to the identification and validation of proteins that are commonly and exclusively expressed in cPnc strains which could potentially be used as a biomarker in the rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal conjunctivitis. C1 [Williamson, Yulanda M.; Carvalho, Maria Da Gloria; Ades, Edwin P.; Carlone, George M.; Sampson, Jacquelyn S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Williamson, Yulanda M.; Moura, Hercules; Woolfitt, Adrian R.; Pirkle, James L.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Bldg 110,MS-F50, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov FU Association of Public Health Laboratories; National Center for Infectious Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was supported in part by an Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Fellowship sponsored by the Association of Public Health Laboratories and the National Center for Infectious Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.; We thank Rickard Facklam for insight.; The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the officials of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 74 IS 19 BP 5891 EP 5897 DI 10.1128/AEM.00791-08 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 352WS UT WOS:000259528700004 PM 18708515 ER PT J AU Tallon, LA Love, DC Moore, ZS Sobsey, MD AF Tallon, Lindsay A. Love, David C. Moore, Zack S. Sobsey, Mark D. TI Recovery and sequence analysis of hepatitis a virus from springwater implicated in an outbreak of acute viral hepatitis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN FECES; WATER; BACTERIOPHAGES AB An outbreak of acute hepatitis A virus in North Carolina was linked to drinking water from a contaminated shallow spring by phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis A virus (HAV) genomic sequences. Detection of HAV and fecal indicators in the water provided useful and timely information to assist with public health prevention and control measures. C1 [Tallon, Lindsay A.] Univ N Carolina, N Carolina Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Tallon, Lindsay A.; Love, David C.; Sobsey, Mark D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Moore, Zack S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Moore, Zack S.] N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RP Tallon, LA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Practice, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ltallon@hsph.harvard.edu FU Joint Institute for Food Safety; Applied Nutrition of the University of Maryland, College Park; Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD FX This work was supported in part by funds from a cooperative agreement between the Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition of the University of Maryland, College Park, and the Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 74 IS 19 BP 6158 EP 6160 DI 10.1128/AEM.02872-07 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 352WS UT WOS:000259528700041 PM 18708522 ER PT J AU Zhang, XZ Gregg, EW Cheng, YJ Thompson, TJ Geiss, LS Duenas, MR Saaddine, JB AF Zhang, Xinzhi Gregg, Edward W. Cheng, Yiling J. Thompson, Theodore J. Geiss, Linda S. Duenas, Michael R. Saaddine, Jinan B. TI Diabetes mellitus and visual impairment - National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004 SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLUE MOUNTAINS EYE; AGE-RELATED CATARACT; BODY-MASS INDEX; BEAVER DAM EYE; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; UNCORRECTED REFRACTIVE ERROR; OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; MACULAR DEGENERATION AB Objective: To examine the prevalence and correlates of visual impairment (VI) among US adults with and without diabetes mellitus. Methods: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted during 1999-2004, we estimated the prevalence of presenting (correctable or uncorrectable), correctable, and uncorrectable VI among Americans 20),cars or older with and without diabetes. Data were weighted to make estimates representative of the US civilian non institutionalized population. We used multivariate logistic regression to calculate odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: Approximately 11.0% of US adults with diabetes had some form of VI (3.8% uncorrectable and 7.2% Correctable). Among those without diabetes, 5.9%) had some form of VI (1.4% uncorrectable and 4.5% correctable). People with diabetes were more likely to have uncorrectable VI than those Without diabetes, even after controlling for selected other factors (P <.05). Our findings also Suggest a strong association between VI (correctable and uncorrectable) and older age, member of racial/ethnic minorities, lower income, and lack of health insurance, all independent of diabetes status (P<.05). Conclusions: Vision loss is more common in people with diabetes than in people without diabetes. Diverse public health strategies are needed to reduce the burden of both correctable and Uncorrectable VI. C1 [Zhang, Xinzhi; Gregg, Edward W.; Cheng, Yiling J.; Thompson, Theodore J.; Geiss, Linda S.; Duenas, Michael R.; Saaddine, Jinan B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zhang, XZ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM xzhang4@cdc.gov NR 74 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 126 IS 10 BP 1421 EP 1427 DI 10.1001/archopht.126.10.1421 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 358EU UT WOS:000259900700013 PM 18852421 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, PG Fairbrother, G Griffin, MR Hornung, RW Donauer, S Morrow, A Altaye, M Zhu, Y Ambrose, S Edwards, KM Poehling, KA Lofthus, G Holloway, M Finelli, L Iwane, M Staat, MA AF Szilagyi, Peter G. Fairbrother, Gerry Griffin, Marie R. Hornung, Richard W. Donauer, Stephanie Morrow, Ardythe Altaye, Mekibib Zhu, Yuwei Ambrose, Sandra Edwards, Kathryn M. Poehling, Katherine A. Lofthus, Geraldine Holloway, Michol Finelli, Lyn Iwane, Marika Staat, Mary Allen CA New Vaccine Surveillance Network TI Influenza vaccine effectiveness among children 6 to 59 months of age during 2 influenza seasons SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CASE-COHORT DESIGNS; PRIMARY-CARE PRACTICES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; OUTPATIENT VISITS; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; HOSPITALIZATIONS; INFANTS AB Objective: To measure vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing influenza-related health care visits among children aged 6 to 59 months during 2 consecutive influenza seasons. Design: Case-cohort study estimating effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine in preventing inpatient/outpatient visits (emergency department [ED] and outpatient clinic). We compared vaccination status of laboratory confirmed influenza cases with a cluster sample of children from a random sample of practices in 3 counties (subcohort) during the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 seasons. Setting: Counties encompassing Rochester, New York, Nashville, Tennessee, and Cincinnati, Ohio. Participants: Children aged 6 to 59 months seen in inpatient/ED or outpatient clinic settings for acute respiratory illnesses and community-based subcohort comparison. Main Exposure: Influenza vaccination. Main Outcome Measures: Influenza vaccination status of cases vs subcohort using time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models to estimate VE in preventing inpatient/ED and outpatient visits. Results: During the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 seasons, 165 and 80 inpatient/ED and 74 and 95 outpatient influenza cases were enrolled, while more than 4500 inpatient/ED and more than 600 outpatient subcohorts were evaluated, respectively. In bivariate analyses, cases had lower vaccination rates than subcohorts. However, significant influenza VE could not be demonstrated for any season, age, or setting after adjusting for county, sex, insurance, chronic conditions recommended for influenza vaccination, and timing of influenza vaccination (VE estimates ranged from 7%-52% across settings and seasons for fully vaccinated 6- to 59-month-olds). Conclusion: In 2 seasons with suboptimal antigenic match between vaccines and circulating strains, we could not demonstrate VE in preventing influenza-related inpatient/ ED or outpatient visits in children younger than 5 years. Further study is needed during years with good vaccine match. C1 [Szilagyi, Peter G.; Ambrose, Sandra; Lofthus, Geraldine] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Fairbrother, Gerry; Hornung, Richard W.; Donauer, Stephanie; Morrow, Ardythe; Altaye, Mekibib] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr,Ctr Edpidemiol & Biostat, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Staat, Mary Allen] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr,Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Griffin, Marie R.; Holloway, Michol] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN USA. [Griffin, Marie R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. [Zhu, Yuwei] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN USA. [Edwards, Kathryn M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Pediat Clin Res Off, Nashville, TN USA. [Poehling, Katherine A.] Wake Forest Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Finelli, Lyn; Iwane, Marika] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Szilagyi, PG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Strong Mem Hosp, Box 777,601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM peter_szilagyi@urmc.rochester.edu RI Altaye, Mekibib/N-5274-2015 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [UO1 IP000017, U38CCU217969, U01IP000022, U38CCU417958, U01IP000147]; QuickVue Influenza Test (Quidel Corp, San Diego, California) FX This work was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (cooperative agreements: Rochester, UO1 IP000017 and U38CCU217969; Vanderbilt, U01IP000022 and U38CCU417958; Cincinnati, U01IP000147) and the National Vaccine Program Office, and some subjects in Cincinnati, Ohio, were recruited through a study funded by QuickVue Influenza Test (Quidel Corp, San Diego, California). NR 50 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 162 IS 10 BP 943 EP 951 DI 10.1001/archpedi.162.10.943 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 356VY UT WOS:000259806900008 PM 18838647 ER PT J AU Lauby, JL Millett, GA LaPollo, AB Bond, L Murrill, CS Marks, G AF Lauby, Jennifer L. Millett, Gregorio A. LaPollo, Archana Bodas Bond, Lisa Murrill, Christopher S. Marks, Gary TI Sexual risk behaviors of HIV-positive, HIV-negative, and serostatus-unknown Black men who have sex with men and women SO ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE bisexual men; homosexuality; Black MSM; HIV serostatus; sexual risk ID NEW-YORK-CITY; HIDDEN POPULATIONS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; BISEXUAL MEN; YOUNG MEN; GAY MEN; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; INFECTION; PARTNERS AB Black men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) are at high risk for HIV infection and transmission. This study compared the sexual risk behaviors of Black MSMW who self-reported being HIV-positive with those who reported being HIV-negative and those who did not know their HIV status. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit 1,154 Black MSM in Philadelphia and New York who completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI). Of these men, 212 had engaged in anal sex with male partners and vaginal or anal sex with female partners in the past 3 months. A quarter (23.6%; n = 50) of MSMW self-reported testing positive for HIV at their last test, 59.4% (n = 126) reported testing negative for HIV at their last test, and 17.0% (n = 36) reported never having an HIV test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that HIV-positive MSMW were much less likely than HIV-negative men and never-tested men to have engaged in unprotected intercourse with main male and main female partners perceived to be HIV-negative or of unknown serostatus. However, HIV-positive men were equally as likely as HIV-negative men to have unprotected intercourse with non-main male and non-main female partners perceived as HIV-negative or of unknown serostatus. Our findings indicate that some HIV-positive MSMW engage in unprotected sex that places female and male partners at risk for HIV infection. However, MSMW who have never taken an HIV test, or who have not been recently tested, may be a greater source of HIV transmission to their female and male partners. C1 [Lauby, Jennifer L.; LaPollo, Archana Bodas; Bond, Lisa] Philadelphia Hlth Management Corp, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. [Millett, Gregorio A.; Marks, Gary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Murrill, Christopher S.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, HIV Epidemiol Program, New York, NY USA. RP Lauby, JL (reprint author), Philadelphia Hlth Management Corp, 260 S Broad St,18th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. EM jennifer@phmc.org FU PHS HHS [CCR321019] NR 43 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0004-0002 J9 ARCH SEX BEHAV JI Arch. Sex. Behav. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 708 EP 719 DI 10.1007/s10508-008-9365-6 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 340VE UT WOS:000258672300004 PM 18521734 ER PT J AU Liu, M Vafai, N Liu, A Hart, J Liu, H He, J Tang, XL Wang, DX Vafai, A AF Liu, Merry Vafai, Nicholas Liu, Angela Hart, John Liu, Hsi He, Ju Tang, Xiaoling Wang, Dongxia Vafai, Abbas TI Stability of varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 63 SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; LATENCY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; REPLICATION IN-VITRO; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; ESTABLISHMENT; ANTIBODY AB The stability of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame (ORF) 63 was analyzed by sequential passage of a virus strain in cell culture. VZV was propagated in culture for 1,206 passages. ORF63 from six passages (18, 220, 516, 730, 1060, and 1,206) was selected and sequenced. Among the six passages, only passage 1,206 showed point mutations at three locations: 551, 618 and 661. In addition, western blot analysis with anti-ORF63 monoclonal antibodies showed no discernable difference in the size of the ORF63 gene product from passage 18 and that from passage 1,206. These results indicate the stability of VZV ORF63 gene in culture over 1,206 passages. C1 [Liu, Merry; Liu, Angela; Hart, John; He, Ju; Tang, Xiaoling; Vafai, Abbas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biol Branch, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Sci Resources,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wang, Dongxia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Sci Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vafai, Nicholas; Liu, Hsi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res Branch, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Vafai, Nicholas; Liu, Hsi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Reference, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vafai, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biol Branch, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Sci Resources,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AVafai@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 153 IS 10 BP 1943 EP 1947 DI 10.1007/s00705-008-0197-4 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 363EC UT WOS:000260249300020 PM 18807114 ER PT J AU Braun, KVN Schieve, L Daniels, J Durkin, M Giarelli, E Kirby, RS Lee, LC Newschaffer, C Nicholas, J Pinto-Martin, J AF Braun, Kim Van Naarden Schieve, Laura Daniels, Julie Durkin, Maureen Giarelli, Ellen Kirby, Russell S. Lee, Li-Ching Newschaffer, Craig Nicholas, Joyce Pinto-Martin, Jennifer TI Relationships Between Multiple Births and Autism Spectrum Disorders, Cerebral Palsy, and Intellectual Disabilities: Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network-2002 Surveillance Year SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE developmental disabilities; multiple births; autism spectrum disorders; intellectual disabilities; cerebral palsy ID AFFECTED SIBLING PAIRS; UNITED-STATES; RISK; TWINS; COLLABORATION; POPULATION; ETIOLOGY; CHILDREN AB Since the 1970s, the prevalence of multiple births (MBs) in the United States has increased significantly. This has been attributed, in large part, to iatrogenic MBs resulting from infertility treatments that include ovulation stimulation. A past study has indicated that children from MBs have an increased prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP). Other studies also have suggested an association between MBs and intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however, results have been inconsistent. From the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network, a surveillance project among several US populations, we obtained MB estimates among children born in 1994 and classified by 8 years of age as having: an ASD (n = 1,626 total children from 11 sites; 50 born as part of an MB); CP (n = 302 total children from 3 sites; 25 born as part of an MB); or ID (n = 1,195 total children from 3 sites; 45 born as part of an MB). All three MB estimates were notably higher than age-adjusted expected estimates of naturally conceived MBs derived from 1971 US natality data. However, when MB estimates from the ADDM Network were compared with expected MB estimates derived from 1994 natality data for the states corresponding to the relevant ADDM Network sites, we observed no association with ASDs (observed/expected = 1.08 [0.78-1.381), a moderate, but not statistically significant association with ID (observed/expected = 1.34 [0.95-1.73]), and a strong association with CP (observed/expected = 2.96 [1.80-4.12]). Further investigation of specific types of MBs (natural vs. iatrogenic) is warranted. C1 [Braun, Kim Van Naarden; Schieve, Laura] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dev Disabil Branch, Natl Birth Defects Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Braun, Kim Van Naarden; Schieve, Laura] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dev Disabil Branch, Natl Ctr Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Daniels, Julie] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Daniels, Julie] Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Durkin, Maureen] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Durkin, Maureen] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pediat, Madison, WI USA. [Giarelli, Ellen; Pinto-Martin, Jennifer] Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Pinto-Martin, Jennifer] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Div Biobehav Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kirby, Russell S.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Lee, Li-Ching] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Newschaffer, Craig] Drexel Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Nicholas, Joyce] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Epidemiol, Dept Neurosci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Braun, KVN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dev Disabil Branch, Natl Birth Defects Ctr, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbn5@cdc.gov RI Durkin, Maureen/B-7834-2015 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1939-3792 J9 AUTISM RES JI Autism Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 1 IS 5 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1002/aur.41 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497CM UT WOS:000270032000002 ER PT J AU Rentz, ED Lewis, L Mujica, OJ Barr, DB Schiera, JG Weerasekera, G Kuklenyik, P McGeehin, M Osterloha, J Wamsley, J Lum, W Alleyne, C Sosa, N Motta, J Rubin, C AF Rentz, E. Danielle Lewis, Lauren Mujica, Oscar J. Barr, Dana B. Schiera, Joshua G. Weerasekera, Gayanga Kuklenyik, Peter McGeehin, Michael Osterloha, John Wamsley, Jacob Lum, Washington Alleyne, Camilo Sosa, Nestor Motta, Jorge Rubin, Carol TI Outbreak of acute renal failure Panama in 2006: a case-control study SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID DIETHYLENE GLYCOL; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; EPIDEMIC; INTOXICATION; METABOLISM; DIAGNOSIS; INGESTION; TOXICITY; CHILDREN; RAT AB Objective In September 2006, a Panamanian physician reported an unusual number of patients with unexplained acute renal failure frequently accompanied by severe neurological dysfunction. Twelve (57%) of 21 patients had died of the illness, This paper describes the investigation into the cause of the illness and the source of the outbreak. Methods Case-control and laboratory investigations were implemented. Case patients (with acute renal failure of unknown etiology and serum creatinine >= 2 mg/dl) were individually matched to hospitalized controls for age (+/- 5 years), sex and admission date (<= 2 days before the case patient). Questionnaire and biological data were collected. The main outcome measure was the odds of ingesting prescription cough syrup in cases and controls. Findings Forty-two case patients and 140 control patients participated. The median age of cases was 68 years (range: 25-91 years); 64% were male. After controlling for pre-existing hypertension and renal disease and the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, a significant association was found between ingestion of prescription cough syrup and illness onset (adjusted odds ratio: 31.0, 95% confidence interval: 6.93-138). Laboratory analyses confirmed the presence of diethylene glycol (DEG) in biological samples from case patients, 8% DEG contamination in cough syrup samples and 22% contamination in the glycerin used to prepare the cough syrup. Conclusion The source of the outbreak was DEG-contaminated cough syrup. This investigation led to the recall of approximately 60 000 bottles of contaminated cough syrup, widespread screening of potentially exposed consumers and treatment of over 100 affected patients. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2008;86:749-756. C1 [Rentz, E. Danielle; Lewis, Lauren; Barr, Dana B.; Schiera, Joshua G.; Weerasekera, Gayanga; Kuklenyik, Peter; McGeehin, Michael; Osterloha, John; Wamsley, Jacob; Rubin, Carol] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mujica, Oscar J.] WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. [Lum, Washington; Alleyne, Camilo] Minist Hlth, Panama City, Panama. [Sosa, Nestor] Caja del Seguro Social Hosp Syst, Panama City, Panama. [Motta, Jorge] Gorgas Mem Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Rentz, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM erentz@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 86 IS 10 BP 749 EP 756 DI 10.2471/BLT.07.049965 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 360QA UT WOS:000260071200008 PM 18949211 ER PT J AU Fowler, BA Conner, EA Yamauchi, H Wang, G Whittaker, MH AF Fowler, Bruce A. Conner, E. A. Yamauchi, H. Wang, G. Whittaker, M. H. TI Proteomic and metabolomic biomarkers for assessing low dose toxic trace element interactions: an overview SO CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European-Tissue-Culture-Society Workshop CY APR 19, 2007 CL Univ Coll London, London, ENGLAND SP European Tissue Culture Soc HO Univ Coll London ID METHYL MERCURY EXPOSURE; III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; RAT-KIDNEY; LEAD; ARSENATE; INDIUM; EXCRETION; CADMIUM; GALLIUM; METAL C1 [Fowler, Bruce A.] ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Conner, E. A.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Yamauchi, H.] Kitasato Univ, Kanagawa, Japan. [Wang, G.] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Whittaker, M. H.] Tox Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Fowler, BA (reprint author), ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. EM bxf9@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0742-2091 J9 CELL BIOL TOXICOL JI Cell Biol. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 440 EP 442 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Toxicology SC Cell Biology; Toxicology GA 340OF UT WOS:000258654200010 ER PT J AU Bessoff, K Delorey, M Sun, W Hunsperger, E AF Bessoff, Kovi Delorey, Mark Sun, Wellington Hunsperger, Elizabeth TI Comparison of two commercially available dengue virus (DENV) NS1 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using a single clinical sample for diagnosis of acute DENV infection SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN NS1; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE PCR; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; RNA REPLICATION; ANTIGEN; IMMUNOASSAY; REVEALS; ANTIBODIES AB Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) has shown promise as a novel diagnostic marker of acute DENV infection. Current techniques used to diagnose acute DENV infection, including virus isolation and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), are costly and difficult to perform, while traditional serological assays have low sensitivities during the acute stage of infection. Two commercially available NS1 antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), the Platelia dengue NS1Ag test (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Marnes La Coquette, France) and the Pan-E dengue early ELISA test (Panbio Diagnostics, Brisbane, Australia), were evaluated against a well-characterized panel of 208 real-time RT-PCR- and virus isolationpositive sera, as well as 45 real-time RT-PCR- and serologically negative sera from patients with other acute febrile illnesses. The overall sensitivities were 64.9% (95% confidence interval [ CI95], 58.2 to 71.1%) for the Panbio test and 83.2% (CI95, 77.5 to 87.7%) for the Bio-Rad test, with interserotype variation, especially for DENV serotype 4. Predictive models were constructed to identify factors that had a significant influence on a test's outcome with respect to this panel of samples in order to identify the conditions in which the test will be most effective as a diagnostic tool. The immunoglobulin G titer was found to be the only covariate that significantly influenced results in the Bio-Rad test, while serotype and the day postonset were found to significantly influence results in the Panbio test. We concluded that the NS1 capture ELISA is a useful tool that can improve testing algorithms to diagnose DENV infection in single samples from acute and early convalescent cases. C1 [Hunsperger, Elizabeth] US PHS, CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. [Delorey, Mark] CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hunsperger, E (reprint author), US PHS, CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM enh4@cdc.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX We are grateful to Manuela Beltran and Edgardo Vergne for their assistance in processing laboratory samples and to Denis Crevat for a critical review of the manuscript. We thank Sanofi Pasteur for providing the Platelia dengue NS1 kits and Panbio for the generous gift of the Pan-E dengue early ELISA kits.; This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and CDC. NR 36 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1513 EP 1518 DI 10.1128/CVI.00140-08 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 357BQ UT WOS:000259821700003 PM 18685015 ER PT J AU Dajnoki, A Muhl, A Fekete, G Keutzer, J Orsini, J Dejesus, V Zhang, XK Bodamer, OA AF Dajnoki, Angela Muehl, Adolf Fekete, Gyoergy Keutzer, Joan Orsini, Joe Dejesus, Victor Zhang, X. Kate Bodamer, Olaf A. TI Newborn screening for Pompe disease by measuring acid alpha-glucosidase activity using tandem mass spectrometry SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DRIED BLOOD SPOTS; LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDERS; DIRECT MULTIPLEX ASSAY; ENZYMES AB BACKGROUND: Pompe disease, caused by the deficiency of acid a-glucosidase (GAA), is a lysosomal storage disorder that manifests itself in its most severe form within the first months of life. Early detection by newborn screening is warranted, since prompt initiation of enzyme replacement therapy may improve morbidity and mortality. We evaluated a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method to measure GAA activity for newborn screening for Pompe disease. METHODS: We incubated 3.2-mm punches from dried blood spots (DBS) for 22 h with the substrate [7-benzoylamino-heptyl)-{2-[4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxy- methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-phenylcarbamoyl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester] and internal standard [7-d(5)-benzoylamino-heptyl)-[2-(4-hydroxyphenylcarbamoyl) -ethyl]-carbamic acid tertbutyl ester]. We quantified the resulting product and internal standard using MS/MS. We assessed inter- and intrarun imprecision, carryover, stability) and correlation between enzyme activities and hematocrit and punch location and generated a Pompe disease-specific cutoff value using routine newborn screening samples. RESULTS: GAA activities in DBS from 29 known Pompe patients were < 2 mu mol/h/L. GAA activities in routine newborn screening samples were [mean (SD)] 14.7 (7.2) mu mol/h/L (n = 10279, median 13.3, 95% CI 14.46-14.74 mu mol/h/L and in normal adult samples 9.3 (3.3) mu mol/h/L (n = 229, median 9, 95% CI-8.88-9.72 mu mol/h/L). GAA activity was stable for 28 days between 37 degrees C and - 80 degrees C. Carryover could not be observed, whereas intrarun and interrun imprecision were < 10%. The limit of detection was 0.26 mu mol/h/L and limit of quantification 0.35 mu mol/h/L. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of GAA activities in dry blood spots using MS/MS is suitable for high-throughput analysis and newborn screening for Pompe disease. (c) 2008 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 [Bodamer, Olaf A.] Univ Childrens Hosp Vienna, Dept Gen Paediat, Div Biochem & Paediat Genet, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Dajnoki, Angela; Fekete, Gyoergy] Semmelweis Univ, Dept Paediat 2, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary. [Keutzer, Joan; Zhang, X. Kate] Genzyme Corp, Framingham, MA 01701 USA. [Orsini, Joe] New York State Labs, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Dejesus, Victor] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bodamer, OA (reprint author), Univ Childrens Hosp Vienna, Dept Gen Paediat, Div Biochem & Paediat Genet, Wahringer Gurtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM olaf.bodamer@meduniwien.ac.at FU Austrian Ministry of Health, Family and Women; Genzyme Corporation; Austrian-Hungarian Foundation; Verein zur Erforschung und Diagnostik seltener genetischer Erkrankungen in Osterreich FX This work was supported through grants from the Austrian Ministry of Health, Family and Women (OAB), Genzyme Corporation, the Austrian-Hungarian Foundation (scholarship to AD), and from the Verein zur Erforschung und Diagnostik seltener genetischer Erkrankungen in Osterreich. NR 14 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 54 IS 10 BP 1624 EP 1629 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2008.107722 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 358TH UT WOS:000259939900008 PM 18703766 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Edwards, JR Gaynes, RP AF Klevens, R. Monina Edwards, Jonathan R. Gaynes, R. P. CA Natl Nosocomial Infect TI The impact of antimicrobial-resistant, health care-associated infections on mortality in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; US HOSPITALS; SURVEILLANCE; OUTCOMES AB We used data reported from US hospitals to the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for 3 specific infections: Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonias, and Escherichia coli urinary tract infections. We evaluated the proportion of infections with antimicrobial-resistant isolates and the relative risk of death associated with the resistant pathogen in the period 2000 2004, compared with the period 1990-1994. The proportion of antimicrobial-resistant infections increased, but there was no change in the relative risk of death between the 2 periods. C1 [Klevens, R. Monina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Edwards, Jonathan R.; Gaynes, R. P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Quality Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Gaynes, R. P.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM rmk2@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 7 BP 927 EP 930 DI 10.1086/591698 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 345ZO UT WOS:000259038400012 PM 18752440 ER PT J AU Bern, C Montgomery, SP Katz, L Caglioti, S Stramer, SL AF Bern, Caryn Montgomery, Susan P. Katz, Louis Caglioti, Sally Stramer, Susan L. TI Chagas disease and the US blood supply SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE blood supply; Chagas disease; Trypanosoma cruzi ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI INFECTION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; UNITED-STATES; ETIOLOGIC TREATMENT; LATIN-AMERICA; LOS-ANGELES; TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION; SEROPREVALENCE AB Purpose of review To describe new developments in blood-bank screening and management of patients with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the United States. Recent findings The first US Food and Drug Administration licensed serological test for T cruzi blood screening went into widespread usage in January 2007. More than 500 confirmed T cruzi-infected donations were detected by mid-June 2008. Until recently, drug therapy was recommended for acute and congenital infections, but seldom for chronic infections, which were believed to respond poorly. However, in the 1990s, efficacy was demonstrated in two placebo-controlled trials of benznidazole in children with chronic T cruzi infection. In 2006, a nonrandomized, nonblinded trial demonstrated that benznidazole treatment may slow progression of cardiomyopathy and decrease mortality risk in infected adults. Summary Blood-bank screening will continue to detect T cruzi-infected donors. Based on recent data, antitrypanosomal treatment is recommended for all acute and congenital T cruzi infections, reactivated infection, and chronically infected children. In adults aged 19-50 years without advanced heart disease, treatment should generally be offered; management should be individualized for older adults. Less toxic, more effective drugs, a sensitive, specific assay for response to treatment, and improved healthcare access would promote more effective management. C1 [Bern, Caryn; Montgomery, Susan P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Katz, Louis] Mississippi Valley Reg Blood Ctr, Davenport, IA USA. [Caglioti, Sally] Blood Syst Labs, Tempe, AZ USA. [Stramer, Susan L.] Amer Red Cross Sci Support Off, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CBern@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 21 IS 5 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32830ef5b6 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 346OU UT WOS:000259078900005 PM 18725796 ER PT J AU Chapman, LE Sullivent, EE Grohskopf, LA Beltrami, EM Perz, JF Kretsinger, K Panlilio, AL Thompson, ND Ehrenberg, RL Gensheimer, KF Duchin, JS Kilmarx, PH Hunt, RC AF Chapman, Louisa E. Sullivent, Ernest E. Grohskopf, Lisa A. Beltrami, Elise M. Perz, Joseph F. Kretsinger, Katrina Panlilio, Adelisa L. Thompson, Nicola D. Ehrenberg, Richard L. Gensheimer, Kathleen F. Duchin, Jeffrey S. Kilmarx, Peter H. Hunt, Richard C. TI Postexposure Interventions to Prevent Infection With HBV, HCV, or HIV, and Tetanus in People Wounded During Bombings and Other Mass Casualty Events-United States, 2008 Recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness SO DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS LA English DT Article AB People wounded during bombings or other events resulting in mass casualties or in conjunction with the resulting emergency response may be exposed to blood, body fluids, or tissue from other injured people and thus be at risk for bloodborne infections such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, or tetanus. This report adapts existing general recommendations on the use of immunization and postexposure prophylaxis for tetanus and for occupational and nonoccupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens to the specific situation of a mass casualty event. Decisions regarding the implementation of prophylaxis are complex, and drawing parallels from existing guidelines is difficult. For any prophylactic intervention to be implemented effectively, guidance must be simple, straightforward, and logistically undemanding. Critical review during development of this guidance was provided by representatives of the National Association of County and City Health Officials, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, and representatives of the acute injury care, trauma, and emergency response medical communities participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Terrorism Injuries: Information, Dissemination and Exchange project. The recommendations contained in this report represent the consensus of US federal public health officials and reflect the experience and input of public health officials at all levels of government and the acute injury response community. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008; 2: 150-165) C1 [Chapman, Louisa E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ehrenberg, Richard L.] NIOSH, Off Emergency Preparedness & Response, Washington, DC USA. RP Chapman, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mailstop D-68,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LChapman@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1935-7893 J9 DISASTER MED PUBLIC JI Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 150 EP 165 DI 10.1097/DMP.0b013e318187ac66 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V11GY UT WOS:000207521300006 PM 18677271 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JM Hossain, MJ Gurley, E Carroll, DS Croisier, A Bertherat, E Asgari, N Formenty, P Keeler, N Comer, J Bell, MR Akram, K Molla, AR Zaman, K Islam, MR Wagoner, K Mills, JN Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Breiman, RF AF Montgomery, Joel M. Hossain, Mohamed J. Gurley, E. Carroll, D. S. Croisier, A. Bertherat, E. Asgari, N. Formenty, P. Keeler, N. Comer, J. Bell, M. R. Akram, K. Molla, A. R. Zaman, K. Islam, Mohamed R. Wagoner, K. Mills, J. N. Rollin, P. E. Ksiazek, T. G. Breiman, R. F. TI Risk factors for Nipah virus encephalitis in Bangladesh SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ABATTOIR WORKERS; FLYING-FOXES; HENDRA VIRUS; PIG-FARMERS; MALAYSIA; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; SINGAPORE; OUTBREAK; PARAMYXOVIRUS AB Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus that causes severe encephalitis in humans. During January 2004, twelve patients with NiV encephalitis (NiVE) were identified in west-central Bangladesh. A case-control study was conducted to identify factors associated with NiV infection. NiVE patients from the outbreak were enrolled in a matched case-control study. Exact odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using a matched analysis. Climbing trees (83% of cases vs. 51% of controls, OR 8.2, 95% Cl 1.25-infinity) and contact with another NiVE patient (67% of cases vs. 9% of controls, OR 21.4, 95% CI 2.78-966.1) were associated with infection. We did not identify an increased risk for NiV infection among persons who had contact with a potential intermediate host. Although we cannot rule out person-to-person transmission, case-patients were likely infected from contact with fruit bats or their secretions. C1 [Montgomery, Joel M.; Carroll, D. S.; Keeler, N.; Comer, J.; Bell, M. R.; Wagoner, K.; Mills, J. N.; Rollin, P. E.; Ksiazek, T. G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hossain, Mohamed J.; Gurley, E.; Breiman, R. F.] Int Ctr Diarrheal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Croisier, A.; Bertherat, E.; Asgari, N.; Formenty, P.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Akram, K.; Zaman, K.] WHO, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Molla, A. R.; Islam, Mohamed R.] Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Montgomery, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, 3230 Lima Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. EM jmontgomery@cdc.gov RI Gurley, Emily/B-7903-2010 OI Gurley, Emily/0000-0002-8648-9403 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Department of Health and Human Services; US Public Health Service FX We thank the staff of the Bangladesh Ministry of Health, the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh; the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research; the World Health Organization (WHO) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, the WHO Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response, Geneva; and M. Niezgoda and I. Kuzmin for their collaborative support. We also acknowledge the contributions of those who conducted the Nipah virus antibody assays, including J.L. Betts, D.L. Cannon, K.A. Slaughter, T.L. Stevens, and P.C. Stockton. Many thanks to S. Luby, J. Woodward, J. Robertson, and K. Montgomery for helpful reviews of the manuscript. Finally, we respectfully acknowledge the many Nipah virus-infected patients, their families, and the healthcare providers who cared for them in Bangladesh.; The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, US Public Health Service, provided financial support for this research.; Dr Montgomery is an infectious disease epidemiologist, who completed his training with the CDC Epidemic Intelligence Service in 2004. His main research interests are infectious diseases of public health importance, especially those of zoonotic origin. He is currently detailed from CDC to the US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment in Lima, Peru, and is director of their Emerging Infectious Diseases Program and Outbreak Investigation Response Team. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1526 EP 1532 DI 10.3201/eid1410.060507 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 357JK UT WOS:000259841900003 PM 18826814 ER PT J AU Moodie, CE Thompson, HA Meltzer, MI Swerdlow, DL AF Moodie, Claire E. Thompson, Herbert A. Meltzer, Martin I. Swerdlow, David L. TI Prophylaxis after exposure to Coxiella burnetii SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID Q-FEVER ENDOCARDITIS; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; CLINICAL RECOGNITION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; HIV-INFECTION; MANAGEMENT; WOMEN; VACCINATION; PREVENTION AB Coxiella burnetii is a category B bioterrorism agent. We numerically evaluated the risks and benefits from postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) after an intentional release of C. burnetii to the general population, pregnant women, and other high-risk populations. For each group, we constructed a decision tree to estimate illness and deaths averted by use of PEP/100,000 population. We calculated the threshold points at which the number of PEP-related adverse events was equal to the cases averted. PEP was defined as doxycycline (100 mg 2x/day for 5 days), except for pregnant women, where we assumed a PEP of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (160 mg/800 mg 2x/day) for the duration of the pregnancy. PEP would begin 8-12 days postexposure. On the basis of upper-bound probability estimates of PEP-related adverse events for doxycycline, we concluded that the risk for Q fever illness outweighs the risk for antimicrobial drug-related adverse events when the probability of C. burnetii exposure is >= 7% (pregnant women using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole = 16%). C1 [Moodie, Claire E.; Thompson, Herbert A.; Meltzer, Martin I.; Swerdlow, David L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moodie, CE (reprint author), 754 Ctr St 11,Jamaica Plain, Boston, MA 02130 USA. EM claire_moodie@hotmail.com NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1558 EP 1566 DI 10.3201/eid1410.080576 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 357JK UT WOS:000259841900008 PM 18826819 ER PT J AU Cama, VA Bern, C Roberts, J Cabrera, L Sterling, CR Ortega, Y Gilman, RH Xiao, LH AF Cama, Vitaliano A. Bern, Caryn Roberts, Jacqueline Cabrera, Lilia Sterling, Charles R. Ortega, Ynes Gilman, Robert H. Xiao, Lihua TI Cryptosporidium species and subtypes and clinical manifestations in children, Peru SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; HOSPITAL PATIENTS; SOUTH-AFRICA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; PARVUM; HIV; PREVALENCE; INDIA AB To determine whether clinical manifestations are associated with genotypes or subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp., we studied a 4-year longitudinal birth cohort of 533 children in Peru. A total of 156 infection episodes were found in 109 children. Data from first infections showed that C. hominis was associated with diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, general malaise, and increased oocyst shedding intensity and duration. In contrast, C. parvum, C. meleagridis, C. canis, and C. felis were associated with diarrhea only. C. hominis subtype families were identified (1a, 1b, 1d, and 1e); all were associated with diarrhea. 1b was also associated with nausea, vomiting, and general malaise. All C. parvum specimens belonged to subtype family 11c. Analysis of risk factors did not show associations with specific Cryptosporidium spp. genotypes or subtypes. These findings strongly suggest that Ctyptosporidium spp. and subtypes are linked to different clinical manifestations in children. C1 [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Cabrera, Lilia] Asociac Benef Proyectos Informat Salud Med & Agr, Lima, Peru. [Sterling, Charles R.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Ortega, Ynes] Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. [Gilman, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU NIH-NIAID [U01-AI35894, 5P01 AI051976, 5R21 AI059661] FX We thank our study personnel in Pampas de San Juan de Miraflores for excellent work; Carmen Taquiri for invaluable efforts in the parasitology laboratory; Marco Varela for data management; and Paula Maguina, Ana Rosa Contreras, and Paola Maurtua for administrative support.; This study was supported in part by National Institutes of Health-National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH-NIAID) grant U01-AI35894 and charitable RG-ER funds, which are concerned with health in developing countries. R.H.G and V.A.C. were supported in part by NIH-NIAID grants 5P01 AI051976 and 5R21 AI059661. NR 38 TC 104 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 11 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1567 EP 1574 DI 10.3201/eid1410.071273 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 357JK UT WOS:000259841900009 PM 18826821 ER PT J AU Eremeeva, ME Warashina, WR Sturgeon, MM Buchholz, AE Olmsted, GK Park, SY Effler, PV Karpathy, SE AF Eremeeva, Marina E. Warashina, Wesley R. Sturgeon, Michele M. Buchholz, Arlene E. Olmsted, Gregory K. Park, Sarah Y. Effler, Paul V. Karpathy, Sandor E. TI Rickettsia typhi and R-felis in rat fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), Oahu, Hawaii SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DETECTION; SIPHONAPTERA; BARTONELLA; INFECTION AB Rickettsia typhi (prevalence 1.9%) and R. felis (prevalence 24.8%) DNA were detected in rat fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) collected from mice on Oahu Island, Hawaii. The low prevalence of R. typhi on Oahu suggests that R. felis may be a more common cause of rickettsiosis than R. typhi in Hawaii. C1 [Eremeeva, Marina E.; Sturgeon, Michele M.; Karpathy, Sandor E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Warashina, Wesley R.; Buchholz, Arlene E.; Olmsted, Gregory K.; Park, Sarah Y.; Effler, Paul V.] Hawaii Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM meremeeva@cdc.gov FU Association of Public Health Laboratories; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We thank Gregory A. Dasch for helpful discussions and review of the manuscript, and Yamitzel Zaldivar and Ashley M. Williams for help in setting up PCR testing.; This research was supported in part by an appointment of S.E.K. and M.M.S. to the Emerging Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program administered by the Association of Public Health Laboratories and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.; Dr Eremeeva is a research microbiologist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Her primary research interests are molecular diagnosis and molecular epidemiology of rickettsial diseases. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1613 EP 1615 DI 10.3201/eid1410.080571 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 357JK UT WOS:000259841900015 PM 18826827 ER PT J AU Grant, J Wendelboe, AM Wendel, A Jepson, B Torres, P Smelser, C Rolfs, RT AF Grant, Juliana Wendelboe, Aaron M. Wendel, Arthur Jepson, Barbara Torres, Paul Smelser, Chad Rolfs, Robert T. TI Spinach-associated Escherichia coli O157 : H7 outbreak, Utah and New Mexico, 2006 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In 2006, Utah and New Mexico health departments investigated a multistate cluster of Escherichia coli O157:H7. A case-control study of 22 case-patients found that consuming bagged spinach was significantly associated with illness (p<0.01). The outbreak strain was isolated from 3 bags of 1 brand of spinach. Nationally, 205 persons were ill with the outbreak strain. C1 [Grant, Juliana; Wendelboe, Aaron M.; Wendel, Arthur] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wendel, Arthur] Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Wendelboe, Aaron M.; Torres, Paul; Smelser, Chad] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Grant, Juliana; Jepson, Barbara; Rolfs, Robert T.] Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. RP Grant, J (reprint author), ATSDR Alaska Off, 222 W 8th Ave,Stop 45, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. EM jvg0@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 11 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1633 EP 1636 DI 10.3201/eid1410.071341 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 357JK UT WOS:000259841900021 PM 18826833 ER PT J AU Durr, S Meltzer, MI Mindekem, R Zinsstag, J AF Duerr, Salome Meltzer, Martin I. Mindekem, Rolande Zinsstag, Jakob TI Owner valuation of rabies vaccination of dogs, Chad SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CANINE RABIES; NDJAMENA AB We estimated the association between amount charged and probability that dog owners in N'Djamena, Chad, would have their dogs vaccinated against rabies. Owners would pay approximate to 400-700 CFA francs (US $0.78-$1.36)/animal. To vaccinate >= 70% of dogs, and thus interrupt rabies transmission, health officials should substantially subsidize these vaccinations. C1 [Duerr, Salome; Zinsstag, Jakob] Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. [Meltzer, Martin I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mindekem, Rolande] Ctr Support Sante Int, Ndjamena, Chad. RP Zinsstag, J (reprint author), Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. EM jakob.zinsstag@unibas.ch RI Zinsstag, Jakob/A-8317-2008; Durr, Salome/C-1343-2014 OI Zinsstag, Jakob/0000-0002-8899-6097; Durr, Salome/0000-0002-7321-5980 FU Swiss Federal Veterinary Office; Wolfermann-Nageli Foundation; Commission for Research Partnership with Developing Countries; Emilia Guggenheim-Schnurr Foundation FX We thank all collaborating international institutions, other collaborators, and campaign workers for successful teamwork. Many thanks are also due to the sponsors of this study: The Swiss Federal Veterinary Office, the Wolfermann-Nageli Foundation, the Commission for Research Partnership with Developing Countries, and the Emilia Guggenheim-Schnurr Foundation. We also thank the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research North-South for the cofunding of J.Z. Merial donated the canine antirabies vaccine, for which we are grateful. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1650 EP 1652 DI 10.3201/eid1410.071490 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 357JK UT WOS:000259841900026 PM 18826838 ER PT J AU Craig, PS Li, TY Qiu, JM Zhen, R Wang, Q Giraudoux, P Ito, A Heath, D Warnock, B Schantz, P Yang, W AF Craig, Philip S. Li, Tiaoying Qiu, Jiamin Zhen, Ren Wang, Qian Giraudoux, Patrick Ito, Akira Heath, David Warnock, Bill Schantz, Peter Yang, Wen TI Echinococcoses and Tibetan communities SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS; HEALTH; CHINA C1 [Craig, Philip S.] Univ Salford, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. [Li, Tiaoying; Qiu, Jiamin; Wang, Qian; Yang, Wen] Sichuan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Zhen, Ren] Aba Army Hosp, Markang, Peoples R China. [Giraudoux, Patrick] Univ Franche Comte, F-25030 Besancon, France. [Ito, Akira] Asahikawa Med Coll, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. [Heath, David] Wallaceville Anim Res Ctr, AgRes, Upper Hutt, New Zealand. [Warnock, Bill] Boulder Lhasa Sister City Project, Boulder, CO USA. [Schantz, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Craig, PS (reprint author), Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Biomed Sci Res Inst, Manchester M54 WT, England. EM p.s.craig@salford.ac.uk RI Giraudoux, Patrick/B-9274-2011; ito, akira/E-9377-2014 OI Giraudoux, Patrick/0000-0003-2376-0136; ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187 NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1674 EP 1675 DI 10.3201/eid1410.071636 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 357JK UT WOS:000259841900037 PM 18826849 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Collage and assemblage in the microbial world SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1680 EP 1681 DI 10.3201/eid1410.000000 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 357JK UT WOS:000259841900040 PM 18826851 ER PT J AU Levin, R Brown, MJ Kashtock, ME Jacobs, DE Whelan, EA Rodman, J Schock, MR Padilla, A Sinks, T AF Levin, Ronnie Brown, Mary Jean Kashtock, Michael E. Jacobs, David E. Whelan, Elizabeth A. Rodman, Joanne Schock, Michael R. Padilla, Alma Sinks, Thomas TI Lead exposures in US children, 2008: Implications for prevention SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE children's health; environmental health; lead poisoning; primary prevention ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; REFUGEE CHILDREN; URBAN CHILDREN; DRINKING-WATER; RISK-FACTORS; BREAST-MILK; HOUSE-DUST; NEW-YORK AB OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the sources of lead in the environments of U.S. children, contributions to children's blood lead levels, source elimination and control efforts, and existing federal authorities. Our context is the U.S. public health goal to eliminate pediatric elevated blood lead levels (EBLs) by 2010. DATA SOURCES: National, state, and local exposure assessments over the past half century have identified risk factors for EBLs among U.S. children, including age, race, income, age and location of housing, parental occupation, and season. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Recent national policies have greatly reduced lead exposure among U.S. children, but even very low exposure levels compromise children's later intellectual development and lifetime achievement. No threshold for these effects has been demonstrated. Although lead paint and dust may still account for up to 70% of EBLs in U.S. children, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that >= 30% of current EBLs do not have an immediate lead paint source, and numerous studies indicate that lead exposures result from multiple sources. EBLs and even deaths have been associated with inadequately controlled sources including ethnic remedies and goods, consumer products, and food-related items such as ceramics. Lead in public drinking water and in older urban centers remain exposure sources in many areas. CONCLUSIONS: Achieving the 2010 goal requires maintaining current efforts, especially programs addressing lead paint, while developing interventions that prevent exposure before children are poisoned. It also requires active collaboration across all levels of government to identify and control all potential sources of lead exposure, as well as primary prevention. C1 [Levin, Ronnie; Padilla, Alma] US EPA SEP, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Brown, Mary Jean; Sinks, Thomas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kashtock, Michael E.] US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. [Jacobs, David E.] Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Whelan, Elizabeth A.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Rodman, Joanne] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schock, Michael R.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Levin, R (reprint author), US EPA SEP, 1 Congress St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM levin.ronnie@epa.gov NR 170 TC 138 Z9 145 U1 4 U2 39 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 116 IS 10 BP 1285 EP 1293 DI 10.1289/ehp.11241 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 355TA UT WOS:000259730100018 PM 18941567 ER PT J AU Herbstman, JB Sjodin, A Apelberg, BJ Witter, FR Halden, RU Patterson, DG Panny, SR Needham, LL Goldman, LR AF Herbstman, Julie B. Sjodin, Andreas Apelberg, Benjamin J. Witter, Frank R. Halden, Rolf U. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Panny, Susan R. Needham, Larry L. Goldman, Lynn R. TI Birth delivery mode modifies the associations between prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and neonatal thyroid hormone levels SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE children; cord blood; endocrine disruption; environmental health; polychlorinated biphenyls; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; thyroid hormones ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; STIMULATING HORMONE; STRESS-RESPONSE; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; IODINE DEFICIENCY; HUMAN SERUM; EXPOSURE; DIOXINS; CORD; INFANTS AB BACKGROUND: Developing infants may be especially sensitive to hormone disruption from chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). OBJECTIVE: We investigated relationships between cord serum levels of PCBs and PBDEs and thyroid hormones measured in cord blood serum and neonatal blood spots. METHODS: We measured PCBs and PBDEs, thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T(4)) and free T(4) (FT(4)) in cord blood serum from 297 infants who were delivered at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 2004-2005. We abstracted results of total T(4) (TT(4)) measured in blood spots collected in the hospital and at neonatal visits. We used delivery mode (augmented vaginal deliveries and nonelective cesarean deliveries) as a surrogate for intrapartum stress, which is known to after cord blood thyroid hormones. RESULTS: In the full study population, no compounds were associated with a change in average TSH, FT(4), or TT(4). BDE-100 was associated with increased odds of low cord TT(4), BDE-153 with increased odds of low cord TT(4) and FT(4), and no compounds were associated with increased odds of high TSH. For infants born by spontaneous, vaginal, unassisted deliveries, PCBs were associated with lower cord TT(4) and FT(4) and lower TT(4) measured in neonatal blood spots. PBDEs showed consistent but mainly nonsignificant negative associations with TT(4) and FT(4) measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal PCB and PBDE exposures were associated with reduced TT(4) and FT(4) levels among infants born by spontaneous, unassisted vaginal delivery. Intrapartum stress associated with delivery mode may mask hormonal effects of PCBs and PBDEs. C1 [Herbstman, Julie B.] Columbia Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Sjodin, Andreas; Patterson, Donald G., Jr.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Apelberg, Benjamin J.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Witter, Frank R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Halden, Rolf U.; Goldman, Lynn R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Panny, Susan R.] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Herbstman, JB (reprint author), Columbia Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 100 Haven Ave 25F, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM jh2678@columbia.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010; Halden, Rolf/F-9562-2010 OI Halden, Rolf/0000-0001-5232-7361 FU Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHSPH) Maryland Mothers and Babies Study; Cigarette Restitution Fund Program Research Grant; JHSPH Center for a Livable Future; JHSPH Department of Epidemiology; Heinz Family Foundation FX This study was funded by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHSPH) Maryland Mothers and Babies Study; the Cigarette Restitution Fund Program Research Grant; the JHSPH Center for a Livable Future; the JHSPH Department of Epidemiology, and the Heinz Family Foundation. NR 57 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 24 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 116 IS 10 BP 1376 EP 1382 DI 10.1289/ehp.11379 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 355TA UT WOS:000259730100032 PM 18941581 ER PT J AU Thomas, PA Brackbill, R Thalji, L DiGrande, L Campolucci, S Thorpe, L Henning, K AF Thomas, Pauline A. Brackbill, Robert Thalji, Lisa DiGrande, Laura Campolucci, Sharon Thorpe, Loma Henning, Kelly TI Respiratory and other health effects reported in children exposed to the World Trade Center disaster of 11 September 2001 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; asthma; postdisaster health assessment in children; respiratory health; World Trade Center disaster ID PEDIATRIC ASTHMATIC-PATIENTS; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; NEW-YORK-CITY; AIR-POLLUTION; LOWER MANHATTAN; REGISTRY; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS; PATTERNS AB BACKGROUND: Effects of the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster on children's respiratory health have not been definitively established. OBJECTIVE: This report describes respiratory health findings among children who were < 18 years of age on 11 September 2001 (9/11) and examine associations between disaster-related exposures and respiratory health. METHODS: Children recruited for the WTC Health Registry (WTCHR) included child residents and students (kindergarten through 12th grade) in Manhattan south of Canal Street, children who were south of Chambers Street on 9/11, and adolescent disaster-related workers or volunteers. We collected data via computer-assisted telephone interviews in 2003-2004, with interview by adult proxy for children still < 18 years of age at that time. We compared age-specific asthma prevalence with National Health Interview Survey estimates. RESULTS: Among 3,184 children enrolled, 28% were < 5 years of age on 9/11; 34%, 5-11 years; and 39%, 12-17 years. Forty-five percent had a report of dust cloud exposure on 9/11. Half (53%) reported at least one new or worsened respiratory symptom, and 5.7% reported new asthma diagnoses. Before 9/11, age-specific asthma prevalence in enrolled children was similar to national estimates, but prevalence at interview was elevated among enrollees < 5 years of age. Dust cloud exposure was associated with new asthma diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-3.5). CONCLUSIONS: Asthma prevalence after 9/11 among WTCHR enrollees < 5 years of age was higher than national estimates, and new asthma diagnosis was associated with dust cloud exposure in all age groups. We will determine severity of asthma and persistence of other respiratory symptoms on follow-up surveys. C1 [Thomas, Pauline A.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Brackbill, Robert; Campolucci, Sharon] US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thalji, Lisa] RTI Int, Chicago, IL USA. [DiGrande, Laura; Thorpe, Loma] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Henning, Kelly] Bloomberg Fdn, New York, NY USA. RP Thomas, PA (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, MSB F 506,185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM thomasp1@umdnj.edu FU Federal Emergency Management Agency FX This project was conducted by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency through the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 116 IS 10 BP 1383 EP 1390 DI 10.1289/ehp.11205 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 355TA UT WOS:000259730100033 PM 18941582 ER PT J AU Ferguson, PL Chiprich, J Smith, G Dong, B Wannamaker, BB Kobau, R Thurman, DJ Selassie, AW AF Ferguson, Pamela L. Chiprich, Jennifer Smith, Gigi Dong, Beili Wannamaker, Braxton B. Kobau, Rosemarie Thurman, David J. Selassie, Anbesaw W. TI Prevalence of self-reported epilepsy, health care access, and health behaviors among adults in South Carolina SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; behavioral risk factor surveillance system; prevalence; South Carolina; access to health care; health behavior ID PSYCHOGENIC NONEPILEPTIC SEIZURES; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RISK-FACTOR; EXERCISE TREATMENT; DEPRESSION; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; FREQUENCY AB Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from South Carolina for 2003-2005 were used to determine epilepsy prevalence and prevalence variation by demographic subgroups, and to compare health insurance coverage, health care visits, and health-related behaviors among persons with epilepsy and the general population. Two percent of respondents reported they had ever been told by a doctor that they had epilepsy, and 1% reported active epilepsy. Almost half of those with active epilepsy reported a seizure in the prior 3 months. More than one-third of respondents with active epilepsy reported that there was a time in the past 12 months when they needed to see a doctor but could not because of cost. Persons with epilepsy were more likely to smoke and have less physical activity. Persons with epilepsy need better access to health care, as well as interventions focused on smoking cessation and increased physical activity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ferguson, Pamela L.; Selassie, Anbesaw W.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Chiprich, Jennifer; Dong, Beili] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Publ Hlth Stat & informat Serv, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Smith, Gigi; Wannamaker, Braxton B.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Neurosci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Smith, Gigi] Med Univ S Carolina, Coll Nursing, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Kobau, Rosemarie; Thurman, David J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ferguson, PL (reprint author), 135 Cannon St,Suite 303,MSC 835, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM ferguspl@musc.edu FU Division of Adult and Community Health [U36/CCU319276]; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This research was supported by Cooperative Agreement U36/CCU319276, funded by the Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), through the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) (PI: Anbesaw W. Selassie). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC, AAMC, or any agency of the federal government. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-5050 J9 EPILEPSY BEHAV JI Epilepsy Behav. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 13 IS 3 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.05.005 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 350DC UT WOS:000259331800018 PM 18585962 ER PT J AU Hoelscher, M Gangappa, S Zhong, WM Jayashankar, L Sambhara, S AF Hoelscher, Mary Gangappa, Shivaprakash Zhong, Weimin Jayashankar, Lakshmi Sambhara, Suryaprakash TI Vaccines against epidemic and pandemic influenza SO EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY LA English DT Review DE H5N1; H9N2; influenza; pandemic; seasonal; vaccination ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; A VIRUS-VACCINES; A/DUCK/SINGAPORE/97 H5N3 VACCINE; INTRADERMAL DNA IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSES; AVIAN INFLUENZA; MF59-ADJUVANTED INFLUENZA; HEALTHY-ADULTS; MATRIX PROTEIN-2; WHOLE-VIRUS AB Background: Preventative vaccination is the most effective way to control epidemic and, perhaps, pandemic influenza viral infections. However, the immunogenicity and efficacy of influenza vaccines against epidemic strains are suboptimal among older adults. The risk of serious complications from influenza viral infection is compounded by co-morbid conditions among older adults. Furthermore, despite annual influenza vaccination campaigns, the vaccination rates in high risk populations range from 60.5 - 79.2% only [1]. In addition, H5N1 avian influenza viruses have the potential to cause a pandemic. However, H5N1 vaccines currently licensed in the US are poorly immunogenic in high doses in the absence of an adjuvant even in healthy adults. Objectives: In this review, we address the current status of vaccines against epidemic and avian influenza viruses of pandemic potential. Methods: We have limited the review to the discussion of technologies and strategies that have progressed to human clinical trials and/or licensure for seasonal and pandemic influenza. Results/conclusion: Improving the immunogenicity of vaccines against avian influenza viruses, as well as aggressive programs to vaccinate high risk populations against seasonal and pandemic influenza, are crucial for our public health efforts in minimizing the impact of influenza epidemics or pandemics. C1 [Hoelscher, Mary; Gangappa, Shivaprakash; Zhong, Weimin; Jayashankar, Lakshmi; Sambhara, Suryaprakash] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mail Stop G47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssambhara@cdc.gov NR 162 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1742-5247 J9 EXPERT OPIN DRUG DEL JI Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1139 EP 1157 DI 10.1517/17425240802431548 PG 19 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 362KY UT WOS:000260197800006 PM 18817518 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Whichard, JM AF Gerner-Smidt, Peter Whichard, Jean M. TI Foodborne Disease Trends and Reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Whichard, Jean M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 551 EP 554 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.9993 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 364IM UT WOS:000260329400001 PM 18851674 ER PT J AU Kubota, K Iwasaki, E Inagaki, S Nokubo, T Sakurai, Y Komatsu, M Toyofuku, H Kasuga, F Angulo, FJ Morikawa, K AF Kubota, Kunihiro Iwasaki, Emiko Inagaki, Shunichi Nokubo, Tomomi Sakurai, Yoshiharu Komatsu, Mayumi Toyofuku, Hajime Kasuga, Fumiko Angulo, Frederick J. Morikawa, Kaoru TI The Human Health Burden of Foodborne Infections Caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE NETWORK; UNITED-STATES; INTESTINAL DISEASE; ENGLAND; ILLNESS; GASTROENTERITIS; COMMUNITY; AUSTRALIA; FOODNET; CANADA AB To estimate the human health burden of foodborne infections caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Japan, an epidemiological study was conducted in Miyagi Prefecture. Laboratory-confirmed infections among patients with diarrhea caused by the three pathogens were ascertained from two clinical laboratories in the prefecture from April 2005 to March 2006. To estimate the number of ill persons who were not laboratory-confirmed, we estimated physician-consultation rates for patients with acute diarrhea by analyzing foodbome outbreak investigation data for each pathogen and the frequency at which stool specimens were submitted from a physician survey. Each factor was added to a Monte-Carlo simulation model as a probability distribution, and the number of laboratory-confirmed cases was extrapolated to estimate the total number of ill persons. The estimated incidence of foodborne infections per 100,000 per year in this region estimated by this model was 237 cases for Campylobacter, 32 cases for Salmonella, and 15 cases for V. parahaemolyticus. Simulated results indicate a significant difference between our estimated incidence and the reported cases of food poisoning in this region. An enhanced surveillance system is needed to complement the present passive surveillance on foodborne illnesses in Japan to identify food safety issues more precisely, and to monitor the effectiveness of risk management options. C1 [Kubota, Kunihiro] Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Safety Informat Drug Food & Chem, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. [Iwasaki, Emiko; Inagaki, Shunichi; Nokubo, Tomomi] Sendai Quarantine Stn, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. [Sakurai, Yoshiharu; Komatsu, Mayumi] Miyagi Med Assoc, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. [Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kubota, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Safety Informat Drug Food & Chem, Setagaya Ku, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. EM kubotak@nihs.go.jp FU Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan FX We thank the collaborators at the Shiogama City Medical Association Laboratory in Miyagi Prefecture for providing us the stool testing results. We also thank the physicians in Miyagi Prefecture who corresponded to the physician practice survey questionnaire for estimation of stool sampling rates. We appreciate the cooperation of health officers at the health centers for providing us information of outbreak investigation data, in estimating the physician consultation rates.; This study was conducted in support of Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants of Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 641 EP 648 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0092 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 364IM UT WOS:000260329400011 PM 18851675 ER PT J AU Pezzoli, L Elson, R Little, CL Yip, H Fisher, I Yishai, R Anis, E Valinsky, L Biggerstaff, M Patel, N Mather, H Brown, DJ Coia, JE van Pelt, W Nielsen, EM Ethelberg, S de Pinna, E Hampton, MD Peters, T Threlfall, J AF Pezzoli, Lorenzo Elson, Richard Little, Christine L. Yip, Hopi Fisher, Ian Yishai, Ruth Anis, Emilia Valinsky, Lea Biggerstaff, Matthew Patel, Nehal Mather, Henry Brown, Derek J. Coia, John E. van Pelt, Wilfrid Nielsen, Eva M. Ethelberg, Steen de Pinna, Elizabeth Hampton, Michael D. Peters, Tansy Threlfall, John TI Packed with Salmonella-Investigation of an International Outbreak of Salmonella Senftenberg Infection Linked to Contamination of Prepacked Basil in 2007 SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL OUTBREAK; ANIMALS; FOOD AB Salmonella Senftenberg is uncommon in the United Kingdom. In January-June 2007, the Health Protection Agency reported on 55 primary human cases of Salmonella Senftenberg in England and Wales. In May 2007, fresh basil sold in the United Kingdom was found to be contaminated with Salmonella Senftenberg. We launched an investigation to elucidate the cause of this outbreak. Isolates were examined using plasmid profiling and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the outbreak strain (SSFTXB.0014) was identified. We enquired via Enter-net whether other countries had isolated the outbreak strain, analyzed samples of fresh herbs from U.K. retailers, and interviewed patients on food history. Thirty-two patient-cases were referred to this outbreak in England and Wales. Onsets of illness occurred between 5 March and 6 June 2007. Fifty-six percent of patient-cases were females and 90% adults (>20 years old); three were admitted to hospital as a result of Salmonella infection. Scotland, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the United States reported on 19 cases of Salmonella Senftenberg infection presenting with the outbreak strain since January 2007. Eight samples of prepacked fresh basil imported from Israel tested positive with the same strain. A minority of patients could recall the consumption of basil before illness, and some reported consumption of products where basil was a likely ingredient. Environmental investigations in Israel did not identify the contamination source. Microbiological evidence suggested an association between contamination of fresh basil and the cases of Salmonella Senftenberg infection, leading to withdrawal of basil from all potentially affected batches from the U.K. market. C1 [Pezzoli, Lorenzo; Elson, Richard; Little, Christine L.; Yip, Hopi; Fisher, Ian; de Pinna, Elizabeth; Hampton, Michael D.; Peters, Tansy; Threlfall, John] Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, London NW9 5HT, England. [Pezzoli, Lorenzo] ECDC, EPIET, Stockholm, Sweden. [Yishai, Ruth; Valinsky, Lea] Minist Hlth, Cent Labs, Mol Biol Lab, Jerusalem, Israel. [Anis, Emilia] Minist Hlth, Dept Infect Dis, Jerusalem, Israel. [Biggerstaff, Matthew; Patel, Nehal] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mather, Henry; Brown, Derek J.; Coia, John E.] Stobhill Gen Hosp, Scottish Salmonella Reference Lab, Glasgow G21 3UW, Lanark, Scotland. [van Pelt, Wilfrid] Ctr Infect Dis Control CIb EPI, Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Nielsen, Eva M.; Ethelberg, Steen] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Bacteriol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Nielsen, Eva M.; Ethelberg, Steen] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Mycol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Nielsen, Eva M.; Ethelberg, Steen] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Parasitol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ethelberg, Steen] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Pezzoli, L (reprint author), Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5HT, England. EM lorenzo.pezzoli@hpa.org.uk RI Nielsen, Eva Moller/B-9157-2011; OI Nielsen, Eva Moller/0000-0002-5349-7802; Ethelberg, Steen/0000-0002-9709-356X NR 33 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 16 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 661 EP 668 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0103 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 364IM UT WOS:000260329400013 PM 18851676 ER PT J AU Greene, SK Stuart, AM Medalla, FM Whichard, JM Hoekstra, RM Chiller, TM AF Greene, Sharon K. Stuart, Andrew M. Medalla, Felicita M. Whichard, Jean M. Hoekstra, Robert M. Chiller, Tom M. TI Distribution of Multidrug-Resistant Human Isolates of MDR-ACSSuT Salmonella Typhimurium and MDR-AmpC Salmonella Newport in the United States, 2003-2005 SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM; NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; DT104 INFECTIONS; FOOD ANIMALS; EMERGENCE; OUTBREAK; ILLNESS AB Purpose: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains are associated with excess bloodstream infections, hospitalizations, and deaths compared with pansusceptible strains. Bovine products are sometimes a source of MDR Salmonella. To generate hypotheses for regional differences in risk factors for human infection, we analyzed distributions of the two most prevalent MDR Salmonella phenotypes in the United States, 2003-2005: (i) MDR-ACSSuT (resistant to at least ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline) Typhimurium; (ii) MDR-AmpC (resistant to at least ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and ceftiofur, and with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone) Newport. Materials and Methods: Participating public health laboratories in all states forwarded every 20th Salmonella isolate from humans to the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Among the serotypes Typhimurium, and Newport isolates submitted 2003-2005, pansusceptible, MDR-ACSSuT Typhimurium., and MDR-AmpC Newport were identified. Patterns of resistance, demographic factors, and cattle density were compared across regions. Results: Of 1195 serotype Typhimurium isolates, 289 (24%) were MDR-ACSSuT. There were no significant differences in region, age, or sex distribution for pansusceptible versus MDR-ACSSuT Typhimurium. Of 612 serotype Newport isolates, 97 (16%) were MDR-AmpC, but the percentage of MDR-AmpC isolates varied significantly across regions: South 3%, Midwest 28%, West 32%, and Northeast 38% (p < 0.0001). The South had the lowest percentage of MDR-AmpC Newport isolates and also the lowest density of milk cows. More Newport isolates were MDR-AmpC in the 10 states with the highest milk cow density compared with the remaining states. Overall, 22% of pansusceptible Newport isolates but only 7% of MDR-AmpC Newport isolates were from patients <2 years of age. For both serotypes, MDR phenotypes had less seasonal variation than pansusceptible phenotypes. Conclusion: This is the first analysis of the distribution of clinically important MDR Salmonella isolates in the United States. MDR-ACSSuT Typhimurium was evenly distributed across regions. However, MDR-AmpC Newport was less common in the South and in children <2 years of age. Information on individuals' exposures is needed to fully explain the observed patterns. C1 [Greene, Sharon K.; Stuart, Andrew M.; Medalla, Felicita M.; Whichard, Jean M.; Hoekstra, Robert M.; Chiller, Tom M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Greene, Sharon K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chiller, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM TChiller@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 669 EP 680 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0111 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 364IM UT WOS:000260329400014 PM 18851677 ER PT J AU Obisesan, T Gillum, R AF Obisesan, T. Gillum, R. TI PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Obisesan, T.] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Gillum, R.] CDC, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 SI 3 BP 190 EP 190 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 399PA UT WOS:000262810600663 ER PT J AU McGuire, L Burgio, L Glasgow, R Brown, M McNiel, P Anderson, L AF McGuire, L. Burgio, L. Glasgow, R. Brown, M. McNiel, P. Anderson, L. TI TRANSLATING ALABAMA'S REACH INTO CAREGIVING PRACTICE: APPLYING THE RE-AIM FRAMEWORK SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McGuire, L.; Brown, M.; Anderson, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Burgio, L.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Glasgow, R.] Inst Hlth Res, Penrose, CO USA. [McNiel, P.] Univ Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 SI 3 BP 386 EP 386 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 399PA UT WOS:000262810601386 ER PT J AU McGuire, L Moore, M Strine, T Anderson, L Mokdad, A Herndon, J AF McGuire, L. Moore, M. Strine, T. Anderson, L. Mokdad, A. Herndon, J. TI THE STATE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND AGING IN AMERICA SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McGuire, L.; Strine, T.; Anderson, L.; Mokdad, A.; Herndon, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Moore, M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 SI 3 BP 401 EP 401 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 399PA UT WOS:000262810601438 ER PT J AU Hyer, L Yeager, C Bercovitz, A AF Hyer, L. Yeager, C. Bercovitz, A. TI CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OLDEST OLD IN US NURSING HOMES: DATA FROM THE 2004 NATIONAL NURSING HOME SURVEY (NNHS) SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hyer, L.] Mercer Univ, Sch Med, Macon, GA 31207 USA. [Hyer, L.] Georgia Neurosurg Inst, Macon, GA USA. [Yeager, C.] Essex Cty Hosp Ctr, Inst Mental Hlth Policy Res & Treatment, Cedar Grove, NJ USA. [Bercovitz, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 SI 3 BP 453 EP 453 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 399PA UT WOS:000262810601623 ER PT J AU Jones, A AF Jones, A. TI HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BLACK AND NON-BLACK NURSING HOME RESIDENTS: DESCRIPTIVE FINDINGS FROM THE 2004 NATIONAL NURSING HOME SURVEY SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jones, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 SI 3 BP 481 EP 481 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 399PA UT WOS:000262810601716 ER PT J AU Jaffe, AM Mahoney, J Gangnon, R Stevens, J AF Jaffe, A. M. Mahoney, J. Gangnon, R. Stevens, J. TI TRIPS, SLIPS, AND OTHER FALLS SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jaffe, A. M.; Mahoney, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI USA. [Gangnon, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ, Dept Biostat & Med Informat, Madison, WI USA. [Stevens, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 SI 3 BP 631 EP 631 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 399PA UT WOS:000262810602449 ER PT J AU de Rekeneire, N Strotmeyer, E Goodpaster, B Velasquez, P Kanaya, A Gregg, E Harris, T AF de Rekeneire, N. Strotmeyer, E. Goodpaster, B. Velasquez, P. Kanaya, A. Gregg, E. Harris, T. TI THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RESISTIN AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OLDER ADULTS SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [de Rekeneire, N.] EPICTR, Paris, France. [Strotmeyer, E.; Goodpaster, B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Kanaya, A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Velasquez, P.] Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Gregg, E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Harris, T.] NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Strotmeyer, Elsa/F-3015-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 SI 3 BP 636 EP 636 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 399PA UT WOS:000262810602464 ER PT J AU Chaudhuri, A Roy, K AF Chaudhuri, Anoshua Roy, Kakoli TI Changes in out-of-pocket payments for healthcare in Vietnam and its impact on equity in payments, 1992-2002 SO HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article DE Out-of-pocket payments; Healthcare; Vietnam; Vertical equity; Horizontal equity ID LOW-INCOME COUNTRY; INSURANCE; REFORMS; ACCESS AB Background: Economic reforms in Vietnam initiated in the late 1980s included deregulation of the health system resulting in extensive changes in health care delivery, access, and financing. One aspect of the health sector reform was the introduction of user fees at both public and private health facilities, which was in stark contrast to the former socialized system of free medical care. Subsequently, health insurance and free health care cards for the poor were introduced to mitigate the barriers to seeking care and financial burden imposed by out-of-pocket (OOP) health payments as a result of the user fees. Objective: To examine the determinants of seeking care and OOP payments as well as the relationship between individual out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditures and household ability to pay (ATP) during 1992-2002. Data: The data are drawn from 1992-93 and 1997-98 Vietnam Living Standard Surveys (VLSS) and 2002 Vietnam Household and Living Standards Survey (VHLSS). Methods: We use a two-part model where the first part is a probit model that estimates the probability that an individual will seek treatment. The second part is a truncated non-linear regression model that uses ordinary least-squares and fixed effects methods to estimate the determinants of OOP payments that are measured both as absolute as well as relative expenditures. Based on the analysis, we examine the relationship between the predicted shares of individual OOP health payments and household's ATP as well as selected socioeconomic characteristics. Results: Our results indicate that payments increased with increasing ATP, but the consequent financial burden (payment share) decreased with increasing ATP indicating a regressive system during the first two periods. However, share of payments increased with ATP indicating a progressive system by 2002. When comparing across years, we find horizontal inequities in all the years that worsened between 1992 and 1998 but improved by 2002. Conclusion: The regressivity in payments noted during 1992 and 1998 might be because the rich could avail of health insurance more than those at lower incomes and as a consequence, were able to use the healthcare system more effectively without paying a high OOP payment. In contrast, the poor either incurred higher OOP payments or were discouraged from seeking treatments until their ailment became serious. This inequality becomes exacerbated in 1998 when insurance take-up rates were not high, but the impact of privatization and deregulation was already occurring. By 2002, insurance take-up rates were much higher, and poverty alleviation policies (e.g., free health insurance and health fund membership targeted for the poor) were instituted, which may have resulted in a less regressive system. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chaudhuri, Anoshua] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Econ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Roy, Kakoli] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chaudhuri, A (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Econ, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM anoshua@sfsu.edu; kjr3@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-8510 J9 HEALTH POLICY JI Health Policy PD OCT PY 2008 VL 88 IS 1 BP 38 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.02.014 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 357HK UT WOS:000259836700004 PM 18423775 ER PT J AU Blewett, LA Davidson, G Bramlett, MD Rodin, H Messonnier, ML AF Blewett, Lynn A. Davidson, Gestur Bramlett, Matthew D. Rodin, Holly Messonnier, Mark L. TI The impact of gaps in health insurance coverage on immunization status for young children SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE immunization; vaccine; health care access ID VACCINATION COVERAGE; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL HOME; PRIMARY-CARE; ASSOCIATION; VACCINES; PROGRAM; ACCESS AB Objective. To examine the impact of full-year versus intermittent public and private health insurance coverage on the immunization status of children aged 19-35 months. Data Source. 2001 State and Local Area Integrated Telephone Survey's National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN) and the 2000-2002 National Immunization Survey (NIS). Study Design. Linked health insurance data from 2001 NS-CSHCN with verified immunization status from the 2000-2002 NIS for a nationally representative sample of 8,861 nonspecial health care needs children. Estimated adjusted rates of up-to-date (UTD) immunization status using multivariate logistic regressions for seven recommended immunizations and three series. Principal Findings. Children with public full-year coverage were significantly more likely to be UTD for two series of recommended vaccines, (4:3:1:3) and (4:3:1:3:3), compared with children with private full-year coverage. For three out of 10 immunizations and series tested, children with private part-year coverage were significantly less likely to be UTD than children with private full-year coverage. Conclusions. Our findings raise concerns about access to needed immunizations for children with gaps in private health insurance coverage and challenge the prevailing belief that private health insurance represents the gold standard with regard to UTD status for young children. C1 [Blewett, Lynn A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Policy & Management, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Davidson, Gestur] Univ Minnesota, State Hlth Access Data Assistance Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Bramlett, Matthew D.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Rodin, Holly] Blue Cross Blue Shield Minnesota, Eagan, MN USA. [Messonnier, Mark L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blewett, LA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Policy & Management, 420 Delaware St SE,MMC 729, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM blewe001@umn.edu FU the Association of Schools of Public Health FX This project was funded by the National Immunization Program at the CDC through a cooperative grant from the Association of Schools of Public Health to the University of Minnesota School of Public Health. An earlier version of this paper was presented as a poster at the AcademyHealth Annual Research Meeting in Boston, MA, June 2005. The opinions and recommendations presented in this paper are those of authors and do not reflect the positions or opinions of the CDC. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1619 EP 1636 DI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2008.00864.x PN 1 PG 18 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 350HR UT WOS:000259343800010 PM 18522671 ER PT J AU Bruce, MG Maaroos, HI AF Bruce, Michael G. Maaroos, Heidi Ingrid TI Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection SO HELICOBACTER LA English DT Article DE Helicobacter pylori; epidemiology; prevalence; risk factors; acquisition; transmission ID ERADICATION THERAPY; FOLLOW-UP; RUSSIAN KARELIA; PREGNANT-WOMEN; DRINKING-WATER; INDIAN ENIGMA; PREVALENCE; SEROPREVALENCE; DISEASE; CHILDREN AB This review summarizes studies on the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori published in peer-reviewed journals between April 2007 and March 2008. Infection with H. pylori often occurs in childhood, and once established, can persist lifelong if untreated. Prevalence of H. pylori infection is higher in developing countries when compared to developed countries, and can vary by ethnicity, place of birth, and socioeconomic factors even among persons living in the same country. Prevalence of infection is decreasing in many countries due to improvements in sanitation and living standards and the relatively recent movement of populations from rural to urban settings; however, post-treatment recurrence rates of H. pylori infection remain high in developing countries, and in given populations within developed countries. In addition, a number of recent studies have begun to explore the possible link between childhood infection with H. pylori and protection against asthma and allergy. C1 [Bruce, Michael G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Maaroos, Heidi Ingrid] Univ Tartu, Fac Med, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. RP Bruce, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM zwa8@cdc.gov RI Lima, Luiz/A-2400-2009 NR 54 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1083-4389 J9 HELICOBACTER JI Helicobacter PD OCT PY 2008 VL 13 SU 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00631.x PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology GA 335AL UT WOS:000258263100001 PM 18783514 ER PT J AU Bruce, M Bruden, D Varner, W Mezzetti, T Miernyk, K Sacco, F McMahon, B AF Bruce, M. Bruden, D. Varner, W. Mezzetti, T. Miernyk, K. Sacco, F. McMahon, B. TI H. pylori-associated gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and CagA status among urban and rural Alaska residents SO HELICOBACTER LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st International Workshop on Helicobacter and Related Bacteria in Chronic Digestive Inflammation and Gastric Cancer CY SEP 18-20, 2008 CL Riga, LATVIA C1 [Bruce, M.; Bruden, D.; Miernyk, K.; McMahon, B.] CDC, Anchorage, AK USA. [Varner, W.; Mezzetti, T.; Sacco, F.] Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1083-4389 J9 HELICOBACTER JI Helicobacter PD OCT PY 2008 VL 13 IS 5 BP 403 EP 404 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology GA 336ZF UT WOS:000258404600042 ER PT J AU Kato, T Choi, YY Elmowalid, G Sapp, RK Barth, H Wakita, T Krawczynski, K Liang, TJ AF Kato, Takanobu Choi, Youkyung Elmowalid, Gamal Sapp, Ronda K. Barth, Heidi Wakita, Takaji Krawczynski, K. Liang, T. Jake TI HEPATITIS C VIRUS JFH-I STRAIN INFECTION IN CHIMPANZEES IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW PATHOGENICITY AND EMERGENCE OF AN ADAPTIVE MUTATION SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis, Moscone West Convent Ctr C1 [Kato, Takanobu] Toshiba Gen Hosp, Dept Med Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Kato, Takanobu; Elmowalid, Gamal; Sapp, Ronda K.; Barth, Heidi; Liang, T. Jake] NIDDK, NIH, Liver Dis Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. [Choi, Youkyung; Krawczynski, K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wakita, Takaji] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 2, Tokyo, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 IS 4 SU S MA 203 BP 399A EP 399A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 356CX UT WOS:000259757400200 ER PT J AU Kamili, S Sozzi, T Thompson, G Campbell, K Walker, CM Locarnini, S Krawczynski, K AF Kamili, Saleem Sozzi, Tina Thompson, Geoff Campbell, Katie Walker, Christopher M. Locarnini, Stephen Krawczynski, K. TI EFFICACY OF HEPATITIS B VACCINE AGAINST ANTIVIRAL DRUG-RESISTANT HEPATITIS B VIRUS MUTANTS IN THE CHIMPANZEE MODEL SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis, Moscone West Convent Ctr C1 [Kamili, Saleem; Krawczynski, K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVH, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sozzi, Tina; Thompson, Geoff; Locarnini, Stephen] Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Campbell, Katie; Walker, Christopher M.] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Ctr Vaccines & Immun, Columbus, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 IS 4 SU S MA 823 BP 674A EP 674A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 356CX UT WOS:000259757401207 ER PT J AU Iqbal, K Din, ES Klevens, M Cronquist, A Hanson, H Phan, Q Rocchio, E Sweet, K Thomas, A Khudyakov, Y Xia, GL AF Iqbal, Kashif Din, Erico S. Klevens, Monina Cronquist, Alicia Hanson, Heather Phan, Quyen Rocchio, Elena Sweet, Kristin Thomas, Ann Khudyakov, Yuri Xia, Guo-liang TI DESCRIPTION OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS SPECIMENS FROM ENHANCED SURVEILLANCE SITES SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis, Moscone West Convent Ctr C1 [Iqbal, Kashif; Din, Erico S.; Klevens, Monina; Khudyakov, Yuri; Xia, Guo-liang] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cronquist, Alicia] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Hanson, Heather] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Rocchio, Elena] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Phan, Quyen] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Thomas, Ann] Oregon Dept Publ Hlth, Portland, OR USA. [Sweet, Kristin] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 IS 4 SU S BP 1184A EP 1185A PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 356CX UT WOS:000259757402630 ER PT J AU Norain, K Lee, C Paddock, C AF Norain, K. Lee, C. Paddock, C. TI Reemerging of yaws in Perak state, Malaysia-2 case report SO HISTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th International Congress of the International-Academy-of-Pathology CY OCT 12-17, 2008 CL Athens, GREECE SP Int Acad Pathol C1 [Norain, K.] Hosp Ipoh, Dept Pathol, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. [Lee, C.] Hosp Ipoh, Dept Dermatol, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. [Paddock, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0309-0167 J9 HISTOPATHOLOGY JI Histopathology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 53 MA 561 BP 244 EP 245 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA 352VF UT WOS:000259524800562 ER PT J AU Greene, CN Keong, LM Cordovado, SK Mueller, PW AF Greene, Christopher N. Keong, Lisa M. Cordovado, Suzanne K. Mueller, Patricia W. TI Sequence variants in the PLEKHH2 region are associated with diabetic nephropathy in the GoKinD study population SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAINS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HUMAN GENOME; HAPLOTYPE; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; KIDNEYS; DISEASE; LOCUS AB Nephropathy is a common microvascular complication of diabetes with a genetic component for disease development. Genetic analyses have implicated multiple chromosomal regions for disease susceptibility but no single locus can account for the majority of the genetic component. Here, we report a genetic analysis of the PLEKHH2 gene that was identified through a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genome-wide association study (GWAS) for association with the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) study population. We initially examined the GWAS results from a subset of the GoKinD singleton population based on the two most common HLA diplotypes consisting of 112 cases and 148 controls. We observed two-adjacent markers mapping to the PLEKHH2 locus, rs1368086 and rs725238, each associated at P < 0.001. Additional SNPs were selected for linkage disequilibrium mapping and transmission disequilibrium testing (TdT) in 246 case trio families. A single marker, rs11886047, located upstream of the PLEKHH2 promoter was associated with DN by TdT in the case trios (P = 0.0307), and there was a increase of heterozygous genotypes in cases, relative to controls, from the 601 case and 577 control GoKinD singleton case/control population (P = 0.00256). These findings suggest that PLEKHH2, which has mRNA and protein expression exclusively in the glomerulus, may be a genetic risk factor for susceptibility to DN in the GoKinD population. C1 [Greene, Christopher N.; Keong, Lisa M.; Cordovado, Suzanne K.; Mueller, Patricia W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Greene, CN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM crg0@cdc.gov FU Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation; PL [105-33, 106-554, 107-360]; CDC FX The GoKinD Coordinating Center was funded by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. The GoKinD collection at CDC was funded by PL 105-33, 106-554, and 107-360. The funding for this study was provided by CDC. The GoKinD collaborators gratefully acknowledge the 28 recruitment centers' contributions to recruitment (Mueller et al. 2006). NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-6717 J9 HUM GENET JI Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 124 IS 3 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s00439-008-0548-y PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 358ID UT WOS:000259909500007 PM 18752002 ER PT J AU Fontana, JM Bankamp, B Rota, PA AF Fontana, Judith M. Bankamp, Bettina Rota, Paul A. TI Inhibition of interferon induction and signaling by paramyxoviruses SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE paramyxovirus; interferon signaling; interferon induction; interferon; innate immunity ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-3; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE-VIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS NS1; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; NF-KAPPA-B; PARAINFLUENZA TYPE-2 VIRUS; DOMAIN-CONTAINING ADAPTER; P/C MESSENGER-RNA; PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS AB The family Paramyxoviridae comprises a diverse group of viruses that includes several important human and veterinary pathogens. Members of this family have a non-segmented, single-stranded, negative sense RNA genome, a conserved gene order, and a similar replication strategy. Paramyxoviruses are divided into two subfamilies, Paramyxovirinae and Pneumovirinae, which comprise five genera and two genera, respectively. Viruses in each genus have developed strategies to circumvent the interferon (IFN) response by using a diverse array of proteins that are encoded within the phosphoprotein genes of the Paramyxovirinae or non-structural genes of the Pneumovirinae. This review focuses on the specific roles that these viral proteins play in the inhibition of IFN signaling and, to a lesser extent, on the mechanisms by which these proteins inhibit the induction pathways of IFN. An improved understanding of the interactions between viral proteins and the host innate immune response is critical to achieving a thorough comprehension of the pathogenesis of this important group of viruses. Hopefully this knowledge will support the development of more targeted vaccines and therapeutics to better prevent and control viral infection. C1 [Fontana, Judith M.; Bankamp, Bettina; Rota, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fontana, Judith M.] Emory Univ, Immunol & Mol Pathogenesis Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, MS-C 22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM prota@cdc.gov OI Fontana, Judith/0000-0002-7379-2753 NR 249 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 225 BP 46 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00669.x PG 22 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 350IA UT WOS:000259344700004 PM 18837775 ER PT J AU Maines, TR Szretter, KJ Perrone, L Belser, JA Bright, RA Zeng, H Tumpey, TM Katz, JM AF Maines, Taronna R. Szretter, Kristy J. Perrone, Lucy Belser, Jessica A. Bright, Rick A. Zeng, Hui Tumpey, Terrence M. Katz, Jacqueline M. TI Pathogenesis of emerging avian influenza viruses in mammals and the host innate immune response SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE avian influenza virus; pathogenesis; innate immunity ID A H5N1 VIRUS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION; FOWL PLAGUE VIRUS; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; MOLECULAR-BASIS; HONG-KONG AB Influenza A viruses of avian origin represent an emerging threat to human health as the progenitors of the next influenza pandemic. In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses have caused unprecedented epizootics on three continents and rare but highly fatal disease among humans exposed to diseased birds. Avian viruses of the H7 and H9 subtypes have also infected humans but generally resulted in far milder disease, yet they too should be considered as possible pandemic threats. Influenza virus infection elicits a complex network of host immune responses that, in uncomplicated influenza, results in effective control of the virus and the development of long-term memory responses. However, fatal avian H5N1 virus infection in both humans and experimental mammalian models is characterized by a high viral load in the respiratory tract, peripheral leukopenia and lymphopenia, a massive infiltration of macrophages into the lung, and dysregulation of cytokine and chemokine responses. This review focuses on avian influenza viruses as a pandemic threat, their induction of host innate immune responses in mammalian species, and the contribution of these responses to the disease process. C1 [Maines, Taronna R.; Szretter, Kristy J.; Perrone, Lucy; Belser, Jessica A.; Bright, Rick A.; Zeng, Hui; Tumpey, Terrence M.; Katz, Jacqueline M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-G16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jkatz@cdc.gov OI Szretter, Kristy/0000-0003-0391-2307 NR 161 TC 126 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 225 BP 68 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00690.x PG 17 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 350IA UT WOS:000259344700005 PM 18837776 ER PT J AU Cohen, NJ Morita, JY Plate, DK Jones, RC Simon, MT Nawrocki, J Siston, AM Gerber, SI AF Cohen, N. J. Morita, J. Y. Plate, D. K. Jones, R. C. Simon, M. T. Nawrocki, J. Siston, A. M. Gerber, S. I. TI Control of an outbreak due to an adamantane-resistant strain of influenza A (H3N2) in a chronic care facility SO INFECTION LA English DT Article ID NURSING-HOME; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; AMANTADINE; INFECTION; VIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; RIMANTADINE; EMERGENCE AB Background: Chronic care facility residents are at risk of severe influenza infection and death. Adamantanes have been used by chronic care facilities for influenza A prophylaxis; however, genotypic resistance has altered prophylaxis recommendations. An outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) in a chronic care facility housing neurologically impaired children and young adults and subsequent control measures are described. Patients and Methods: Resident charts were retrospectively reviewed. Isolates were characterized by strain identification and pyrosequencing. Results: Although 95 (97%) of 98 residents had been immunized against influenza at the start of the influenza season, 16 (84%) of 19 case patients were identified on the first floor. However, following implementation of enhanced infection control practices and adamantane prophylaxis, only 10 (13%) of 79 case patients were identified on the second floor. Subsequent pyrosequencing studies revealed a serine to asparagine mutation at position 31 of the M2 protein. Conclusions: Enhanced infection control precautions and adamantane prophylaxis were used to control spread of influenza in a chronic care facility. This outbreak demonstrates the importance of timely and consistent implementation of infection control measures in controlling influenza outbreaks in tong term care facilities and raises questions about a possible rote for adamantanes in preventing transmission of adamantane-resistant influenza A viruses. C1 [Cohen, N. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chicago Quarantine Stn, Chicago, IL 60666 USA. [Cohen, N. J.; Morita, J. Y.; Plate, D. K.; Jones, R. C.; Siston, A. M.; Gerber, S. I.] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Simon, M. T.] Misericordia Heart Mercy Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. [Nawrocki, J.] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Cohen, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chicago Quarantine Stn, AMC OHare 66012, Chicago, IL 60666 USA. EM NCohen@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU URBAN & VOGEL PI MUNICH PA NEUMARKTER STRASSE 43, D-81673 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0300-8126 J9 INFECTION JI Infection PD OCT PY 2008 VL 36 IS 5 BP 458 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s15010-008-7295-9 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 356ND UT WOS:000259784000010 PM 18791839 ER PT J AU Cohen, AL Calfee, D Fridkin, SK Huang, SS Jernigan, JA Lautenbach, E Oriola, S Ramsey, KM Salgado, CD Weinstein, RA AF Cohen, Adam L. Calfee, David Fridkin, Scott K. Huang, Susan S. Jernigan, John A. Lautenbach, Ebbing Oriola, Shannon Ramsey, Keith M. Salgado, Cassandra D. Weinstein, Robert A. CA Soc For Healthcare Epidemiology Of Healthcare Infect Control Practice TI Recommendations for Metrics for Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Healthcare Settings: SHEA/HICPAC Position Paper SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS INFECTION; HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; COLONIZATION PRESSURE; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI C1 [Cohen, Adam L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fridkin, Scott K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Calfee, David] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. [Huang, Susan S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Orange, CA USA. [Oriola, Shannon] Sharp Metropolitan Med Campus, San Diego, CA USA. [Lautenbach, Ebbing] Univ Penn, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Lautenbach, Ebbing] Univ Penn, Dept Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ramsey, Keith M.] E Carolina Univ, Pitt Cty Mem Hosp, Dept Safety, Greenville, NC USA. [Ramsey, Keith M.] E Carolina Univ, Pitt Cty Mem Hosp, Dept Infect Control, Greenville, NC USA. [Ramsey, Keith M.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Med, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [Salgado, Cassandra D.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Weinstein, Robert A.] Cook Cty Bur Hlth Serv, Chicago, IL USA. [Weinstein, Robert A.] Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Cohen, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM avj1@cdc.gov NR 61 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 29 IS 10 BP 901 EP 913 DI 10.1086/591741 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 364DZ UT WOS:000260317700001 PM 18808340 ER PT J AU Gilchrist, J Sacks, JJ White, D Kresnow, MJ AF Gilchrist, J. Sacks, J. J. White, D. Kresnow, M-J TI Dog bites: still a problem? SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; INJURIES; RISK; PREVENTION; EMERGENCY AB Objective: To estimate the incidence of dog bites in the USA and compare it with similar estimates from 1994. Design: Nationally representative cross-sectional, list-assisted, random-digit-dialed telephone survey conducted during 2001-2003. Methods: Weighted estimates were generated from data collected by surveying 9684 households during 2001-2003 and compared with results from a similar survey conducted in 1994. Estimates for persons aged 15-17 years were extrapolated on the basis of rates for 10-14-year-olds. Results: Whereas the incidence of dog bites among adults remained relatively unchanged, there was a significant (47%) decline in the incidence of dog bites among children compared with that observed in the 1994 survey, particularly among boys and among those aged 0-4 years. Between 2001 and 2003, an estimated 4 521 300 persons were bitten each year. Of these, 885 000 required medical attention (19%). Children were more likely than adults to receive medical attention for a dog bite. Among adults, bite rates decreased with increasing age. Among children and adults, having a dog in the household was associated with a significantly increased incidence of dog bites, with increasing incidence also related to increasing numbers of dogs. Conclusions: Dog bites continue to be a public health problem affecting 1.5% of the US population annually. Although comparison with similar data from 1994 suggests that bite rates for children are decreasing, there still appears to be a need for effective prevention programs. C1 [Gilchrist, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Sacks, J. J.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [White, D.; Kresnow, M-J] CDC, NCIPC, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gilchrist, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jrg7@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 10 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1136/ip.2007.016220 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 355VI UT WOS:000259736900005 PM 18836045 ER PT J AU Krug, E Arias, I AF Krug, E. Arias, I. TI WHO and CDC nomenclature - Reply SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Letter C1 [Krug, E.] WHO, Dept Violence & Injury Prevent & Disabil, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Arias, I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Krug, E (reprint author), Av Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM kruge@who.int NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 342 EP 342 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 355VI UT WOS:000259736900015 ER PT J AU Mor, Z Davidovich, U McFarlane, M Feldshtein, G Chemtob, D AF Mor, Z. Davidovich, U. McFarlane, M. Feldshtein, G. Chemtob, D. TI Gay men who engage in substance use and sexual risk behaviour: a dual-risk group with unique characteristics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE Internet; Israel; men having sex with men; sexual behaviour; substances ID UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE; BISEXUAL MEN; DRUG-USE; HIV-INFECTION; UNSAFE SEX; INTERNET; BARRIERS; LEVEL; WEB; UK AB 'Recreational' substances used among men having sex with men, and their association with risky unprotected anal intercourse (RUAI) were examined - for the first time in Israel - in an internet-based questionnaire assessing knowledge, practices and motivation. Between March and May 2005, 2873 participants completed the entire questionnaire. Of the total, 669 (23%) reported RUAI during the last six months, and 1319 (46%) used substances during sex. Use of substance was significantly higher among those performing RUAI than those who did not (31.5% versus 26.4%, P = 0.03). Involvement in both substance use and RUAI was reported by 366 participants (113%). HIV rates were higher in this dual-risk group (P < 0.01), and individuals reported more partners in the last six months than those not part of this dual risk (11.6 versus 8.2, P = 0.02). In multivariate analyses, Tel-Aviv residency, lower education, performing receptive RUAI, misperception of HIV transmission and limited negotiation skills were positively associated with this dual-risk behaviour. C1 [Mor, Z.; Chemtob, D.] Minist Hlth, Publ Hlth Serv, Dept TB & AIDS, Jerusalem, Israel. [Davidovich, U.] Amsterdam Hlth Serv, Dept Res, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [McFarlane, M.] CDC, Sexually Transmitted Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Feldshtein, G.] Assoc Gays Lesbians Bisexuals & Transgenders, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Mor, Z (reprint author), 20 King David St,POB 1176, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. EM turkizl@netvision.net.il NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD OCT PY 2008 VL 19 IS 10 BP 698 EP 703 DI 10.1258/ijsa.2008.008061 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 367VF UT WOS:000260580000011 PM 18824624 ER PT J AU Slack, AT Kalambaheti, T Symonds, ML Dohnt, MF Galloway, RL Steigerwalf, AG Chaicumpa, W Bunyaraksyotin, G Craig, S Harrower, BJ Smythe, LD AF Slack, Andrew T. Kalambaheti, Thareerat Symonds, Meegan L. Dohnt, Michael F. Galloway, Renee L. Steigerwalf, Arnold G. Chaicumpa, Wanpen Bunyaraksyotin, Gaysorn Craig, Scott Harrower, Bruce J. Smythe, Lee D. TI Leptospira wolffii sp nov., isolated from a human with suspected leptospirosis in Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAMILY LEPTOSPIRACEAE; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; RELATEDNESS; SEROGROUPS; SEROVARS AB A single Leptospira strain (designated Khorat-H2(T)) was isolated from the urine of an adult male patient with suspected leptospirosis from the province of Nakornrachasima, Thailand, The isolate showed typical Leptospira motility and morphology under dark-field microscopy. Cells were 10-13 mu m long and 0.2 mu m in diameter, with a wavelength of 0.5 mu m and an amplitude of approximately 0.3 mu m. Phenotypically, strain Khorat-H2(T) did not grow at 13 degrees C but grew at 30 and 37 degrees C and in the presence of 8-azaguanine. Serological identification using the microscopic agglutination test revealed that strain Khorat-H2(T) had no cross-reaction with any recognized Leptospira serogroups. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the novel strain within the radiation of the genus Leptospira, with sequence similarities of 88.1-97.7% to recognized Leptospira species. DNA-DNA hybridization against the type strains of the three most closely related Leptospira species was used to confirm the results of the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The G + C content of strain Khorat-H2(T) was 41.8 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, serological and phylogenetic data, strain Khorat-H2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Leptospira, for which the name Leptospira wolffii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Khorat-H2(T) (-WHO LT1686(T) =KIT Khorat-H2(T)). C1 [Slack, Andrew T.; Symonds, Meegan L.; Dohnt, Michael F.; Craig, Scott; Smythe, Lee D.] Queensland Hlth Forens & Sci Serv, WHO FAO OIE Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Lep, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Kalambaheti, Thareerat] Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. [Galloway, Renee L.; Steigerwalf, Arnold G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chaicumpa, Wanpen] Thammasat Univ, Fac Allied Hlth Sci, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Bunyaraksyotin, Gaysorn] Minist Publ Hlth, Reg Med Sci Ctr, Trang, Thailand. [Harrower, Bruce J.] Queensland Hlth Forens & Sci Serv, Dept Virol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Smythe, LD (reprint author), Queensland Hlth Forens & Sci Serv, WHO FAO OIE Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Lep, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. EM Lee_smythe@health.qld.gov.au RI Craig, Scott/C-3225-2012 FU Thailand Tropical Diseases Research programme [02-2-LEP-02-027]; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology FX The authors would like to thank the Thailand Tropical Diseases Research programme (T-2) (grant ID 02-2-LEP-02-027), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, for their financial support of this project. We also thank Hans Tuper for his kind advice regarding the etymology of the Species name. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 58 BP 2305 EP 2308 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64947-0 PN 10 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 366KB UT WOS:000260478600012 PM 18842846 ER PT J AU Shean, KP Willcox, PA Siwendu, SN Laserson, KF Gross, L Kammerer, S Wells, CD Holtz, TH AF Shean, K. P. Willcox, P. A. Siwendu, S. N. Laserson, K. F. Gross, L. Kammerer, S. Wells, C. D. Holtz, T. H. TI Treatment outcome and follow-up of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients, West Coast/Winelands, South Africa, 1992-2002 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE multidrug-resistant; tuberculosis; South Africa ID SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT; DOTS-PLUS; MDR-TB; CAPE AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment outcome and 2- and 5-year follow-up of patients treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with individualized regimens. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of all MDR-TB patients starting treatment during 1992-2002. Patients were evaluated every 6 months for 2 years after treatment and at 5 years when possible. RESULTS: Over 11 years, 491 (66%) of 747 MDR-TB patients received treatment with two or more second-line drugs; 239 (49%) were cured or completed treatment, 68 (14%) died, 144 (29%) defaulted from treatment, 27 (5%) failed, 10 (2%) transferred out and 3 (< 1%) remained on treatment. Only 176 (36%) were tested for human immunodeficiency virus and 15 were positive. The proportion with a successful MDR-TB treatment outcome declined over time, while the proportion, who defaulted remained stable. Among 410 patients who had not transferred out or died, 281 (69%) had 2-year data available: 185 (66%) were cured or completed treatment, 32 (11%) were retreated for TB and 64 (23%) died. CONCLUSIONS: Under program conditions in the West Coast/Winelands District, default rates were high and treatment success rates low. Outreach strategies for MDR-TB treatment should only be implemented if adequate resources are committed to the program. C1 [Shean, K. P.; Siwendu, S. N.] Brooklyn Chest Hosp, Cape Town, South Africa. [Laserson, K. F.; Gross, L.; Kammerer, S.; Wells, C. D.; Holtz, T. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Willcox, P. A.] Univ Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hosp, Dept Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Shean, KP (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hosp Observ, Dept Med, Old Main Bldg, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. EM karen.shean@gmail.com NR 25 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1182 EP 1189 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 357ME UT WOS:000259849100015 PM 18812049 ER PT J AU Burman, W Grund, B Neuhaus, J Douglas, J Friedland, G Telzak, E Colebunders, R Paton, N Fisher, M Rietmeijer, C AF Burman, William Grund, Birgit Neuhaus, Jacqueline Douglas, John, Jr. Friedland, Gerald Telzak, Edward Colebunders, Robert Paton, Nicholas Fisher, Martin Rietmeijer, Cornelis CA SMART Study Grp TI Episodic antiretroviral therapy increases HIV transmission risk compared with continuous therapy: Results of a randomized controlled trial SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; HIV transmission risk; high-risk behavior; randomized trial ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; SAN-FRANCISCO; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; VIRAL LOAD; MEN; INTERRUPTION; INDIVIDUALS; GONORRHEA; SYPHILIS AB Objective: To compare the HIV transmission risk among patients randomized to episodic versus continuous antiretroviral therapy. Design: This was a substudy of the Strategies of Management of Antiretroviral Therapy study, in which patients were randomized to continuous versus CD4(+)-guided episodic antiretroviral therapy. Participants were surveyed about sexual activity and needle sharing and had laboratory testing for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. Results: A total of 883 patients were enrolled in this Study, the mean age of the patients was 45 years, 25% were women, and 78% were on antiretroviral therapy. At baseline, 136 participants (15.4%) had high-risk behavior (vaginal or anal sex without a condom, needle sharing, or incident bacterial sexually transmitted infection). After randomization, the proportion of participants reporting high-risk behavior was stable and did not differ by randomized arm (P = 0.39). Among participants off therapy at baseline, high-risk behavior was less common 4 months after randomization among those who were randomized to start antiretroviral therapy (P = 0.03). HIV transmission risk (high-risk behavior while HIV RNA level >1500 copies/mL) with partners perceived to be HIV uninfected was higher in the episodic therapy arm (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Patients on episodic antiretroviral therapy did not decrease high-risk behavior, and because HIV RNA levels were higher, this strategy may result in increased HIV transmission. C1 [Burman, William; Rietmeijer, Cornelis] Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Burman, William; Rietmeijer, Cornelis] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Neuhaus, Jacqueline] Univ Minnesota, Sch Stat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Neuhaus, Jacqueline] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Douglas, John, Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Friedland, Gerald] Yale Univ, Sch Med, AIDS Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Telzak, Edward] Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr, Dept Med, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10457 USA. [Telzak, Edward] Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10456 USA. [Colebunders, Robert] Univ Antwerp, Dept Clin Sci, Inst Trop Med, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Colebunders, Robert] Univ Antwerp, Fac Med, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Paton, Nicholas] MRC, Clin Trials Unit, London, England. [Fisher, Martin] Royal Sussex Cty Hosp, Dept Genitourinary Med, Brighton BN2 5BE, E Sussex, England. RP Burman, W (reprint author), Denver Publ Hlth, 605 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM bburman@dhha.org FU Medical Research Council [MC_U122886352]; NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI 042170, U01 AI046362, U01 AI046362-01, U01 AI042170, U01 AI 46362] NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 142 EP 150 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318183a9ad PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 353SB UT WOS:000259587400005 PM 18769356 ER PT J AU Lincoln, J Lucas, D AF Lincoln, J. Lucas, D. TI Commercial fishing fatalities - California, Oregon, and Washington, 2000-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 425-429, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Lincoln, J.; Lucas, D.] CDC, NIOSH, Alaska Pacific Reg Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lincoln, J (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, Alaska Pacific Reg Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 13 BP 1510 EP 1511 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 354CY UT WOS:000259617700005 ER PT J AU Jones, TS Krzywicki, L Maginnis, J Jones, NL Weiskopf, R Reid, M Schmidt, C Fiedler, J Topolski, JM Graham, M Psara, R Case, M McCune, S Marcus, SM Weedn, VW Hempstead, K Klein, SJ Roseborough, G Alles, S Nalluswami, K Kelly, S Zobeck, T McCormick, T Peters, D Wilson, M Regula, E Hoffman, K Lentine, D AF Jones, T. S. Krzywicki, L. Maginnis, J. Jones, N. L. Weiskopf, R. Reid, M. Schmidt, C. Fiedler, J. Topolski, J. M. Graham, M. Psara, R. Case, M. McCune, S. Marcus, S. M. Weedn, V. W. Hempstead, K. Klein, S. J. Roseborough, G. Alles, S. Nalluswami, K. Kelly, S. Zobeck, T. McCormick, T. Peters, D. Wilson, M. Regula, E. Hoffman, K. Lentine, D. TI Nonpharmaceutical fentanyl-related deaths - Multiple states, April 2005-March 2007 (Reprinted MMWR, vol 57, pg 793-796, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; OVERDOSE C1 [Jones, T. S.] T Stephen Jones Publ Hlth Consulting, Florence, MA 01062 USA. [Krzywicki, L.; Maginnis, J.] Delaware Informat & Anal Ctr, Dover, DE USA. [Jones, N. L.] Off Med Examiner Cook Cty, Chicago, IL USA. [Weiskopf, R.] Illinois Dept Human Svcs, Div Alcoholism & Substance Abuse, State Methadone Author, Springfield, IL USA. [Reid, M.] Detroit Wayne Cty Community Mental Hlth Agcy, Detroit, MI USA. [Schmidt, C.] Off Chief Med Examiner Wayne Cty, Detroit, MI USA. [Fiedler, J.] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. [Graham, M.; Psara, R.] City St Louis Med Examiners Off, St Louis, MO USA. [Case, M.; McCune, S.] St Louis Cty Med Examiners Off, St Louis, MO USA. [Marcus, S. M.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, New Jersey Poison Informat & Educ Syst, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Weedn, V. W.] New Jersey Off State Med Examiner, Trenton, NJ USA. [Hempstead, K.] New Jersey State Dept Hlth & Sr Svcs, Ctr Hlth Stat, Trenton, NJ USA. [Klein, S. J.] New York State Dept Hlth, AIDS Inst, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Alles, S.] Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Nalluswami, K.] Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. [Kelly, S.; Zobeck, T.] Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Washington, DC USA. [McCormick, T.] Chicago Off, Chicago, IL USA. [Regula, E.] Drug Enforcement Adm, Philadelphia Off, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Hoffman, K.] Substance Abuse & Mental Hlth Svcs Adm, Div Pharmacol Therapies, Ctr Substance Abuse Treatment, Rockville, MD USA. [Lentine, D.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jones, TS (reprint author), T Stephen Jones Publ Hlth Consulting, Florence, MA 01062 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 13 BP 1512 EP 1513 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 354CY UT WOS:000259617700006 ER PT J AU Marano, N Plikaytis, BD Martin, SW Rose, C Semenova, VA Martin, SK Freeman, AE Li, H Mulligan, MJ Parker, SD Babcock, J Keitel, W El Sahly, H Poland, GA Jacobson, RM Keyserling, HL Soroka, SD Fox, SP Stamper, JL McNeil, MM Perkins, BA Messonnier, N Quinn, CP AF Marano, Nina Plikaytis, Brian D. Martin, Stacey W. Rose, Charles Semenova, Vera A. Martin, Sandra K. Freeman, Alison E. Li, Han Mulligan, Mark J. Parker, Scott D. Babcock, Janiine Keitel, Wendy El Sahly, Hana Poland, Gregory A. Jacobson, Robert M. Keyserling, Harry L. Soroka, Stephen D. Fox, Sarah P. Stamper, John L. McNeil, Michael M. Perkins, Bradley A. Messonnier, Nancy Quinn, Conrad P. CA Anthrax Vaccine Res Program Workin TI Effects of a reduced dose schedule and intramuscular administration of anthrax vaccine adsorbed on immunogenicity and safety at 7 months - A randomized trial SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID REPORTING SYSTEM VAERS; SIDED TESTS PROCEDURE; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; ADVERSE EVENTS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; CORRELATE; IMMUNITY; HUMANS; ROUTE AB Context In 1999, the US Congress directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct a pivotal safety and efficacy study of anthrax vaccine adsorbed ( AVA). Objective To determine the effects on serological responses and injection site adverse events ( AEs) resulting from changing the route of administration of AVA from subcutaneous ( SQ) to intramuscular ( IM) and omitting the week 2 dose from the licensed schedule. Design, Setting, and Participants Assessment of the first 1005 enrollees in a multisite, randomized, double- blind, noninferiority, phase 4 human clinical trial ( ongoing from May 2002). Intervention Healthy adults received AVA by the SQ ( reference group) or IM route at 0, 2, and 4 weeks and 6 months ( 4- SQ or 4- IM; n= 165- 170 per group) or at a reduced 3- dose schedule ( 3- IM; n= 501). A control group ( n= 169) received saline injections at the same time intervals. Main Outcome Measures Noninferiority at week 8 and month 7 of anti protective antigen IgG geometric mean concentration ( GMC), geometric mean titer ( GMT), and proportion of responders with a 4- fold rise in titer (% 4 x R). Reactogenicity outcomes were proportions of injection site and systemic AEs. Results At week 8, the 4- IM group ( GMC, 90.8 mu g/mL; GMT, 1114.8; % 4 x R, 97.7) was noninferior to the 4- SQ group ( GMC, 105.1 mu g/mL; GMT, 1315.4;% 4 x R, 98.8) for all 3 primary end points. The 3- IM group was noninferior for only the % 4 x R ( GMC, 52.2 mu g/mL; GMT, 650.6;% 4 x R, 94.4). At month 7, all groups were noninferior to the licensed regimen for all end points. Solicited injection site AEs assessed during examinations occurred at lower proportions in the 4- IM group compared with 4- SQ. The odds ratio for ordinal end point pain reported immediately after injection was reduced by 50% for the 4- IM vs 4- SQ groups ( P <. 001). Route of administration did not significantly influence the occurrence of systemic AEs. Conclusions The 4- IM and 3- IM regimens of AVA provided noninferior immunological priming by month 7 when compared with the 4- SQ licensed regimen. Intramuscular administration significantly reduced the occurrence of injection site AEs. Trial Registration clinicaltrials. gov Identifier: NCT00119067. C1 [Marano, Nina; Plikaytis, Brian D.; Martin, Stacey W.; Rose, Charles; Semenova, Vera A.; Martin, Sandra K.; Freeman, Alison E.; Li, Han; Soroka, Stephen D.; Fox, Sarah P.; Stamper, John L.; McNeil, Michael M.; Perkins, Bradley A.; Messonnier, Nancy; Quinn, Conrad P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mulligan, Mark J.; Parker, Scott D.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Babcock, Janiine] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Keitel, Wendy; El Sahly, Hana] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Keitel, Wendy; El Sahly, Hana] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Keitel, Wendy; El Sahly, Hana] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Poland, Gregory A.; Jacobson, Robert M.] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. [Keyserling, Harry L.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Quinn, CP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-D11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cquinn@cdc.gov RI Moon, James/B-6810-2011; OI Moon, James/0000-0002-9274-4554; Jacobson, Robert/0000-0002-6355-8752 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation (AREF), Atlanta, Georgia FX The study was funded through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mr Soroka and Ms Fox were funded through the Atlanta Research and Education Foundation (AREF), Atlanta, Georgia. NR 40 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 13 BP 1532 EP 1543 DI 10.1001/jama.300.13.1532 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 354CY UT WOS:000259617700017 PM 18827210 ER PT J AU Kissin, DM Anderson, JE Kraft, JM Warner, L Jamieson, DJ AF Kissin, Dmitry M. Anderson, John E. Kraft, Joan Marie Warner, Lee Jamieson, Denise J. TI Is There a Trend of Increased Unwanted Childbearing Among Young Women in the United States? SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Unwanted births; Women; Trends ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; WANTEDNESS; BEHAVIORS; INTENTION; OUTCOMES; BIRTH AB Purpose: The majority of births to young women are unintended (either mistimed or unwanted), bearing an increased risk of poor health outcomes for both mother and child. In this analysis, we describe trends of unwanted, mistimed, and intended births reported by all women and specifically by young women in the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Methods: Using data from the 1982, 1988, 1995, and 2002 NSFG surveys, we calculated the proportion of unwanted, mistimed, and intended births by maternal age at birth. For the 1995 and 2002 NSFG surveys, we also assessed birth intentions among 15-24-year-old nulliparous women and the mean number of unwanted births in the past 5 years among all 15-24-year-old women. Results: The proportion of unintended births decreased between 1988 and 1995 but increased between 1995 and 2002. This recent increase was attributed to the increased proportion of unwanted births reported by women <25 years of age from 10.4% in 1995 to 18.6% in 2002 (p < .01). Between 1995 and 2002, the proportion of 15-24-year-old nulliparous women who intended no future births incerased from 8.1% to 10.4% (p < .05), and the mean number of unwanted births per 1000 women aged 15-24 years increased from 25 to 48 (p < .01). Conclusions: Our analyses suggest an increasing trend in unwanted childbearing among young women between 1995 and 2002. Further research is needed to understand the meaning and causes of increased unwanted childbearing among young women and to identify characteristics of those at risk. (C) 2008 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Kissin, Dmitry M.; Anderson, John E.; Kraft, Joan Marie; Warner, Lee; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kissin, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DKissin@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 364 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.02.013 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 364BH UT WOS:000260310700009 PM 18809134 ER PT J AU Keating, KM Brewer, NT Gottlieb, SL Liddon, N Ludema, C Smith, JS AF Keating, Katie M. Brewer, Noel T. Gottlieb, Sami L. Liddon, Nicole Ludema, Christina Smith, Jennifer S. TI Potential Barriers to HPV Vaccine Provision Among Medical Practices in an Area with High Rates of Cervical Cancer SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HPV; Cervical cancer; Vaccination; Sexually transmitted infections; Adolescent health ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE; PEDIATRICIANS INTENTION; PARTICLE VACCINE; YOUNG-WOMEN; RECOMMENDATIONS; EFFICACY; TYPE-18; TRIAL AB Purpose: Potential barriers to widespread vaccination of adolescent girls against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are poorly understood. We provide an overview of potential barriers to provision of HPV vaccine and empirical data on the concerns of medical practices that may inhibit HPV vaccine provision. Method: We conducted phone interviews with medical practices in rural areas in southeastern North Carolina with high rates of cervical cancer to assess 10 potential concerns about HPV vaccine provision. Results: Concerns most commonly reported by medical practices (N = 71) were inadequate reimbursement (68%), high cost of the vaccine to patients (66%), and burden of determining insurance coverage (66%). Practices that were not providing the vaccine reported more concerns about HPV vaccine provision on average than practices providing the vaccine (6.0 vs. 4.5 concerns, p <.05). Conclusions: Medical practices' concerns about the HPV vaccine may be barriers to stocking it and, thus, to providing it to adolescents. Even providers who stock the vaccine reported concerns. Research is needed to address ways to ameliorate these medical practices' concerns and also to understand other potential barriers to vaccine coverage, (C) 2008 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Brewer, Noel T.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. [Gottlieb, Sami L.; Liddon, Nicole] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brewer, NT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, 364 Rosenau Hall,CB 7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. EM ntba@unc.edu OI Ludema, Christina/0000-0003-0779-810X FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [S3715-25/25]; American Cancer Society [MSRG-06-259-01-CPPB] FX This research was supported by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (S3715-25/25) and the American Cancer Society (MSRG-06-259-01-CPPB). NR 17 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 SU S BP S61 EP S67 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.06.015 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 365KK UT WOS:000260405000006 PM 18809147 ER PT J AU Ross, LE Hall, IJ Fairley, TL Taylor, YJ Howard, DL AF Ross, Louie E. Hall, Ingrid J. Fairley, Temeika L. Taylor, Yhenneko J. Howard, Daniel L. TI Prayer and Self-Reported Health Among Cancer Survivors in the United States, National Health Interview Survey, 2002 SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE USE; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PROSTATE-CANCER; RELIGIOUS BELIEFS; AMERICAN WOMEN; COMPLEMENTARY; SPIRITUALITY; THERAPIES; PATTERNS; SAMPLE AB Objectives: At least 10.8 million living Americans have been diagnosed with cancer, and about 1.5 million new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed in 2008. The purpose of this study was to examine prayer for health and self-reported health among a sample of men and women with a personal history of cancer. Methods: We used data from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey, which collected information on complementary and alternative medicine practices. Results: Among 2262 men and women with a history of cancer, 68.5% reported having prayed for their own health and 72% reported good or better health status. Among cancer survivors, praying for one's own health was associated with several sociodemographic variables including being female, non-Hispanic black, and married. Compared to persons with a history of skin cancer, persons with a history of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, a cancer with a short survival period (e.g., pancreatic cancer), or other cancers were more likely to pray for their health. Persons who reported good or better health were more likely to be female, younger, have higher levels of education and income, and have no history of additional chronic disease. Overall, praying for one's own health was inversely associated with good or better health status. Conclusions: Data from this nationally representative sample indicate that prayer for health is commonly used among people with a history of cancer and that use of prayer varies by cancer site. The findings should add to the current body of literature that debates issues around spirituality, decision-making about treatment, and physician care. C1 [Ross, Louie E.; Taylor, Yhenneko J.; Howard, Daniel L.] Shaw Univ, Inst Hlth Social & Community Res, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. [Hall, Ingrid J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ross, LE (reprint author), Shaw Univ, Inst Hlth Social & Community Res, 900 S Wilmington St,Suite 204, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. EM lross@shawu.edu FU Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (DoD CDMRP) [W81XWH-051-0208, PC040907, W81XWH-07-1-0350, PC060224]; National Institutes of Health National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NCMHD) [P60 MD000239]; Department of Health and Human Services AHRQ [R24 HS013353] FX Shaw University Investigators were supported, in part, by the Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (DoD CDMRP) contract W81XWH-051-0208 (grant PC040907) and contract W81XWH-07-1-0350 (grant PC060224). Shaw investigators are also funded in part by National Institutes of Health National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NCMHD) grant P60 MD000239 and Department of Health and Human Services AHRQ grant R24 HS013353. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 931 EP 938 DI 10.1089/acm.2007.0788 PG 8 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 374FN UT WOS:000261028700010 PM 18925865 ER PT J AU Luby, SP Gupta, SK Sheikh, MA Johnston, RB Ram, PK Islam, MS AF Luby, S. P. Gupta, S. K. Sheikh, M. A. Johnston, R. B. Ram, P. K. Islam, M. S. TI Tubewell water quality and predictors of contamination in three flood-prone areas in Bangladesh SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bangladesh; sanitary engineering; sanitary inspection; water drinking; water microbiology ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; DRINKING-WATER; RISK; COUNTRIES; CHOLERA; HEALTH; WELLS AB Aims: To measure enteric bacterial contamination of tubewells in three flood prone areas in Bangladesh and the relationship of bacteriological contamination with tubewell sanitary inspection scores. Methods and Results: Microbiologists selected 207 tubewells in three flood prone districts, assessed physical characteristics of the tubewells and collected a single water sample from each tubewell. Tubewell water samples were contaminated with total coliforms (41%, n = 85), thermotolerant coliforms (29%, n = 60) and Escherichia coli (13%, n = 27). Among contaminated wells, the median CFU of contamination per 100 ml was 8 (interquartile range, 2-30) total coliforms, 5 (interquartile range, 2-23) thermotolerant coliforms and 6 (interquartile range, 1-30) E. coli. There was no significant association between tubewell contamination with E. coli, thermotolerant coliforms or total coliforms and a poor sanitary inspection score, though a history of inundation was associated with contamination with both E. coli and thermotolerant coliforms. Conclusions: Tubewells in flood-prone regions of Bangladesh were commonly contaminated with low levels of faecal organisms, contamination that could not be predicted by examining the tubewell's external characteristics. Significance and Impact of the Study: The forms currently used for sanitary inspection do not identify the most important causes of drinking water contamination in these communities. C1 [Luby, S. P.] ICDDR B, Programme Infect Dis & Vaccine Sci, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Luby, S. P.; Gupta, S. K.; Ram, P. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Johnston, R. B.] United Nations Childrens Fund, Water & Environm Sanitat Sect, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Luby, SP (reprint author), ICDDR B, Programme Infect Dis & Vaccine Sci, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM sluby@icddrb.org FU UNICEF Bangladesh FX This research study was funded by UNICEF Bangladesh. ICDDR, B acknowledges with gratitude the commitment of UNICEF to the Centre's research efforts. The authors thank K. S. Rahman, N. Jahan and M. M. Rahman who assisted with sample collection and laboratory analysis. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1002 EP 1008 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03826.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 349GY UT WOS:000259270500008 PM 18422953 ER PT J AU Wyckoff, SC Miller, KS Forehand, R Bau, JJ Fasula, A Long, N Armistead, L AF Wyckoff, Sarah C. Miller, Kim S. Forehand, Rex Bau, J. J. Fasula, Amy Long, Nicholas Armistead, Lisa TI Patterns of Sexuality Communication Between Preadolescents and Their Mothers and Fathers SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Preadolescent and parent communication; Sexuality; African-Americans; Fathers ID RISK BEHAVIORS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; ADOLESCENT COMMUNICATION; CONDOM USE; FAMILY; SEX; PARENTS; DISCUSSIONS; PERCEPTIONS; PREGNANCY AB The purpose of the current study was to examine communication about sexual topics between preadolescents and their mothers and fathers. Participants were 135 African-American mothers, fathers, and their 9- to 12-year-old offspring. Each member of the triad completed a 10-item measure of communication about risk factors for sexual activity, sexual communication, and sexual risk prevention. A majority of parents and their preadolescents reported communication had occurred about most topics. Mothers and fathers were equally likely to communicate with sons whereas mothers were more likely to communicate with daughters than were fathers. Based on the study results, preadolescence may be the optimal time for parents to provide sexual risk prevention messages to their children before sexual behaviors are initiated. C1 [Forehand, Rex] Univ Vermont, Dept Psychol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Wyckoff, Sarah C.; Miller, Kim S.; Fasula, Amy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bau, J. J.] Univ Georgia, Inst Behav Res, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Long, Nicholas] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Armistead, Lisa] Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Forehand, R (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Psychol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM rex.forehand@uvm.edu NR 41 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1062-1024 J9 J CHILD FAM STUD JI J. Child Fam. Stud. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 649 EP 662 DI 10.1007/s10826-007-9179-5 PG 14 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Family Studies; Psychology; Psychiatry GA 507GJ UT WOS:000270839800003 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Preau, JL Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Silva, Manori J. Preau, James L., Jr. Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Cross validation and ruggedness testing of analytical methods used for the quantification of urinary phthalate metabolites SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Analytical method validation; Ruggedness resting; Phthalate metabolites; Cross method validation; HPLC-MS/MS ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; HUMAN SERUM; RATS; POLYVINYLCHLORIDE; IDENTIFICATION; PESTICIDES; VEGETABLES AB Since the publication of our first analytical method in 2000 to detect and quantify phthalate metabolites in human urine. we have modified the method several times to improve Performance, reduce the volume of matrix and solvents used, and to increase the number of analytes in one analytical run. We performed cross method validation and ruggedness testing after each modification to ensure that the analytical method adopted is robust and produces accurate and reproducible data when compared to the previously used method. Here. we present the results from the evaluation of the ruggedness of our analytical approach under variable experimental conditions, using the current analytical method. Minor deviations of the standard experimental conditions, i.e., pH, incubation time, amount of deconjugation enzyme, and incubation temperature, had no effect on final analyte concentrations. Furthermore, we validated the method to ensure accuracy at concentrations beyond the highest calibration standard. The concentrations obtained by using a lower volume of urine agreed well with original levels, suggesting broad linear calibration range as well as complete hydrolysis of the glucuronide conjugates with the standard amount of beta-glucuronidase used for deglucuronidation: also, the time of incubation (90 min) was adequate regardless of the amount of glucuronide present. We also summarize the precision of concentration data acquired by the five different analytical approaches we have used since 2000. The correlation plots of concentration data for each analyte obtained from split sample analysis, using three of these approaches, produced linear curves (R-2 > 0.98) with slopes and intercepts that were not statistically different (p > 0.05) from I and 0, respectively. These results suggest that the data are reproducible and accurate, regardless of the analytical method used. Furthermore, analysis of quality control urine samples made over the years confirmed the stability of the phthalate metabolites in urine at -70 degrees C for several years and the consistency of the analytical measurements obtained by using various methodological approaches over time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Silva, Manori J.; Preau, James L., Jr.; Needham, Larry L.; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F53,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zca2@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 873 IS 2 BP 180 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.08.017 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 362KG UT WOS:000260196000008 PM 18790687 ER PT J AU Fan, AZ Russell, M Naimi, T Li, Y Liao, Y Jiles, R Mokdad, AH AF Fan, Amy Z. Russell, Marcia Naimi, Timothy Li, Yan Liao, Youlian Jiles, Ruth Mokdad, Ali H. TI Patterns of alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; RISK-FACTORS; US ADULTS; DRINKING PATTERN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; BINGE DRINKING; BRITISH MEN; MORTALITY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Context and Objective: Protective and detrimental associations have been reported between alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome. This may be due to variations in drinking patterns and different alcohol effects on the metabolic syndrome components. This study is designed to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption patterns and the metabolic syndrome. Design, Setting, Participants, and Measures: The 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a population-based survey of noninstitutionalized U. S. adults. Current drinkers aged 20-84 yr without cardiovascular disease who had complete data on the metabolic syndrome and drinking patterns were included in the analysis (n = 1529). The metabolic abnormalities comprising the metabolic syndrome included having three of the following: impaired fasting glucose/diabetes mellitus, high triglycerides, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Measures of alcohol consumption included usual quantity consumed, drinking frequency, and frequency of binge drinking. Results: In multinomial logistic regression models controlling for demographics, family history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and lifestyle factors, increased risk of the metabolic syndrome was associated with daily consumption that exceeded U. S. dietary guideline recommendations (more than one drink per drinking day for women and more than two drinks per drinking day for men (odds ratio 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.22-2.11) and binge drinking once per week or more [ odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.51 (1.01-2.29]. By individual metabolic abnormality, drinking in excess of the dietary guidelines was associated with an increased risk of impaired fasting glucose/diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, and high blood pressure. Conclusion: Public health messages should emphasize the potential cardiometabolic risk associated with drinking in excess of national guidelines and binge drinking. C1 [Fan, Amy Z.; Naimi, Timothy; Li, Yan; Liao, Youlian; Jiles, Ruth; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Russell, Marcia] Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Prevent Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Fan, AZ (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM afan@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 11 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 93 IS 10 BP 3833 EP 3838 DI 10.1210/jc.2007-2788 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 358FY UT WOS:000259903700025 PM 18628524 ER PT J AU Das, S Pingle, MR Munoz-Jordan, J Rundell, MS Rondini, S Granger, K Chang, GJJ Kelly, E Spier, EG Larone, D Spitzer, E Barany, F Golightly, LM AF Das, S. Pingle, M. R. Munoz-Jordan, J. Rundell, M. S. Rondini, S. Granger, K. Chang, G. -J. J. Kelly, E. Spier, E. G. Larone, D. Spitzer, E. Barany, F. Golightly, L. M. TI Detection and serotyping of dengue virus in serum samples by multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR-ligase detection reaction assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; UNIVERSAL DNA MICROARRAY; MOUSE NEUROVIRULENCE; MUTATION DETECTION; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RAPID DETECTION; CHAIN-REACTION; PUERTO-RICO; K-RAS; IDENTIFICATION AB The detection and successful typing of dengue virus (DENV) from patients with suspected dengue fever is important both for the diagnosis of the disease and for the implementation of epidemiologic control measures. A technique for the multiplex detection and typing of DENV serotypes 1 to 4 (DENV-1 to DENV-4) from clinical samples by PCR-ligase detection reaction (LDR) has been developed. A serotype-specific PCR amplifies the regions of genes C and E simultaneously. The two amplicons are targeted in a multiplex LDR, and the resultant fluorescently labeled ligation products are detected on a universal array. The assay was optimized using 38 DENV strains and was evaluated with 350 archived acute-phase serum samples. The sensitivity of the assay was 98.7%, and its specificity was 98.4%, relative to the results of real-time PCR. The detection threshold was 0.017 PFU for DENV-1, 0.004 PFU for DENV-2, 0.8 PFU for DENV-3, and 0.7 PFU for DENV-4. The assay is specific; it does not cross-react with the other flaviviruses tested (West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Kunjin virus, Murray Valley virus, Powassan virus, and yellow fever virus). All but 1 of 26 genotypic variants of DENV serotypes in a global DENV panel from different geographic regions were successfully identified. The PCR-LDR assay is a rapid, sensitive, specific, and high-throughput technique for the simultaneous detection of all four serotypes of DENV. C1 [Das, S.; Rondini, S.; Golightly, L. M.] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Div Int Med & Infect Dis, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Pingle, M. R.; Rundell, M. S.; Granger, K.; Barany, F.] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Larone, D.] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Spitzer, E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Munoz-Jordan, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. [Chang, G. -J. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kelly, E.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Spier, E. G.] Appl Biosyst Inc, Foster City, CA USA. RP Golightly, LM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Div Int Med & Infect Dis, Dept Med, 1300 York Ave,Room A 421, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM lgolight@med.cornell.edu RI Rondini, Simona/N-1780-2013 OI Rondini, Simona/0000-0002-7993-9656 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [UC1-AI062579] FX This work was supported by Public Health Service grant UC1-AI062579 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NR 45 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 46 IS 10 BP 3276 EP 3284 DI 10.1128/JCM.00163-08 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 356DM UT WOS:000259758900014 PM 18685000 ER PT J AU Carvalho, MDS Steigerwalt, AG Morey, RE Shewmaker, PL Falsen, E Facklam, RR Teixeira, LM AF Carvalho, Maria da Gloria S. Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Morey, Roger E. Shewmaker, Patricia Lynn Falsen, Enevold Facklam, Richard R. Teixeira, Lucia M. TI Designation of the provisional new Enterococcus species CDC PNS-E2 as Enterococcus sanguinicola sp nov., isolated from human blood, and identification of a strain previously named Enterococcus CDC PNS-E1 as Enterococcus italicus Fortina, ricci, mora, and manachini 2004 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAECIUM AB We have previously characterized two new enterococcal species (provisionally designated CDC PNS-E1 and CDC PNS-E2) recovered from clinically significant specimens associated with invasive infections in humans. In the present report we provide additional data and propose formal denominations for isolates of these two species of Enterococcus. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell protein profiles, and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments indicated that the blood isolate ATCC BAA-780 (SS 1728; CDC PNS-E1) corresponds to Enterococcus italicus, whose species epithet was proposed to designate isolates from artisanal Italian cheese. Strain ATCC BAA-781 (CCUG 47861; SS 1729; CDC PNS-E2), a vancomycin-resistant isolate recovered from the blood of a patient in the United States, was found to be highly related at the species level to another blood isolate (SS 1743; CCUG 47884) from Sweden, and for these we propose the designation Enterococcus sanguinicola sp. nov. C1 [Teixeira, Lucia M.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, CCS, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Carvalho, Maria da Gloria S.; Steigerwalt, Arnold G.; Morey, Roger E.; Shewmaker, Patricia Lynn; Facklam, Richard R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Falsen, Enevold] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Clin Bacteriol, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Teixeira, LM (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, CCS, Bloco I,Cidade Univ, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM lmt2@micro.ufrj.br FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT/PRONEX), Brazil FX M. T. received support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), and Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT/PRONEX), Brazil. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 46 IS 10 BP 3473 EP 3476 DI 10.1128/JCM.00603-08 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 356DM UT WOS:000259758900045 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Bolen, J AF Ahluwalia, Indu B. Bolen, Julie TI Lack of health insurance coverage among working-age adults, evidence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1993-2006 SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE health insurance; disparities; trends; BRFSS ID PREVENTIVE SERVICES; FEDERAL SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; INDIVIDUALS AB To use data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to examine trends in the lack of health insurance coverage among working-age US adults and to identify populations without coverage. The BRFSS data from 1993 to 2006 were analyzed. SUDAAN software was used to generate estimates of prevalence and corresponding standard errors, and logistic regression techniques were used to examine trends in the data. An estimated 18.59% of working adults (aged 18-64 years) did not have health insurance coverage in 2006. Trend in uninsurance remained somewhat stable from 1993 to 2000 (OR = 1.01; 95% CI 1.00-1.02); however, it changed more rapidly from 2001 to 2006 (OR = 1.03; 1.02-1.03). Similar patterns were observed from 2001 to 2006 for those < 35 years of age, employed, Hispanics and those with less than or high school education. Effective approaches to reducing uninsurance and the consequences related to lack of coverage are needed in the face of increasing health disparities in the United States. C1 [Ahluwalia, Indu B.; Bolen, Julie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K 66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM iahluwalia@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 5 BP 293 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s10900-008-9106-8 PG 4 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 339ZE UT WOS:000258615000002 PM 18473152 ER PT J AU Lambert, AJ Lanciotti, RS AF Lambert, Amy J. Lanciotti, Robert S. TI Molecular characterization of medically important viruses of the genus Orthobunyavirus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; PHYLOGENIES; INFECTIONS AB We have characterized the full-length S segment RNA sequences of five human pathogens of the virus family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus. S segment sequences of Fort Sherman, Shokwe and Xingu viruses of the Bunyamwera serogroup, as well as those of Bwamba and Pongola viruses of the Bwamba serogroup, are described. S segment sequences of Bwamba and Pongola viruses represent the first nucleotide sequences characterized for viruses of the Bwamba serogroup. The described molecular and phylogenetic analyses of these and other selected viruses of the genus Orthobunyavirus reveal that a close sequence similarity is shared between the African Bwamba and the predominantly North American and European California serogroups of the genus Orthobunyavirus. C1 [Lambert, Amy J.; Lanciotti, Robert S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Lambert, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM ahk7@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 10 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 BP 2580 EP 2585 DI 10.1099/vir.0.2008/002253-0 PN 10 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 357EL UT WOS:000259829000024 PM 18796727 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RM Hogben, M Liddon, N Augenbraun, M Mccormack, WM Rubin, S Wilson, TE AF Schwartz, Rebecca M. Hogben, Matthew Liddon, Nicole Augenbraun, Michael Mccormack, William M. Rubin, Steven Wilson, Tracey E. TI Coping with a diagnosis of C trachomatis or N gonorrhoeae - Psychosocial and behavioral correlates SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coping; depression; sexual behavior; STI ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; SOCIAL SUPPORT; PUBLIC-HEALTH; HIV-INFECTION; YOUNG-WOMEN; MEN; HIV/AIDS; IMPACT; COHORT; SEX AB The current study sought to add to the stress and coping literature by examining whether coping responses are elicited from a diagnosis of chlamydia or gonorrhea and, if so, whether active or passive coping responses are associated with particular psychological factors and prevention behaviors. Data from 259 urban, minority participants recently diagnosed with chlamydia or gonorrhea were analyzed. Results indicated that denial was associated with having more baseline depressive symptoms and with having more one-time partners at follow-up. Problem-focused coping was associated with more consistent condom use at follow-up. Important sex and ethnicity differences were found. Intervention implications are discussed. C1 [Schwartz, Rebecca M.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Grad Program Publ Hlth, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. [Hogben, Matthew; Liddon, Nicole; Rubin, Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Augenbraun, Michael; Mccormack, William M.; Wilson, Tracey E.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. RP Schwartz, RM (reprint author), Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Grad Program Publ Hlth, Box 43,450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. EM Rebecca.Schwartz@downstate.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [5K12-HD043428]; PHS HHS [R30 CCR219136] NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1359-1053 J9 J HEALTH PSYCHOL JI J. Health Psychol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 13 IS 7 BP 921 EP 929 DI 10.1177/1359105308095066 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 350ZK UT WOS:000259392300010 PM 18809643 ER PT J AU Weidlich, L Baethgen, LF Mayer, LW Moraes, C Klein, CC Nunes, LS Rios, SD Kmetzsch, CI Rossetti, MLR Zaha, A AF Weidlich, Luciana Baethgen, Ludmila F. Mayer, Leonard W. Moraes, Camile Klein, Cecilia C. Nunes, Luciana S. Rios, Silvia da S. Kmetzsch, Claudete I. Rossetti, Maria L. R. Zaha, Arnaldo TI High prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis hypervirulent lineages and emergence of W135:P1.5,2:ST-11 clone in Southern Brazil SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Neisseria meningitidis; Epidemiology; Hypervirulent lineages; PorA VR types; Serogroup B vaccine ID W135 MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; SEROGROUP-B; PORA TYPES; ZEALANDS EPIDEMIC; INVASIVE DISEASE; VACCINE DESIGN; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; SURVEILLANCE; SEROSUBTYPES AB Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize Neisseria meningitidis strains causing invasive disease in Rio Grande do Sul (IRS), during 2003-2005, monitoring the occurrence of hypervirulent lineages, as well as to determine the diversity of PorA VR types for the corresponding isolates and clinical specimens. Methods: Isolates and clinical specimens were characterized by MLST and PorA VIR typing. Results: This study demonstrated high prevalence of some hypervirulent lineages and emergence of new ones, including the emergence of Lineages W135:P1.5,2:ST-11 complex, and C:P1.22,14-6:ST-103 complex. These lineages are probably responsible for the increasing incidence of serogroups C and W135, despite the overall decrease in serogroup B cases during the period. The most prevalent complex was serogroup B ST-32/ET-5 complex. The most prevalent PorA types found for serogroup B were P1.19,15, P1.7,16, and P1.18-1,3, representing a different distribution of PorA types compared to other states of Brazil. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of monitoring each population, even within the same country. The different distribution of PorA VR types in RS has implications in vaccine design and efficacy. Detailed and accurate meningococcal characterization is an important element in studies of meningococcal epidemiology, population biology, and evolution and provides information for the design of control strategies. (C) 2008 The British Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weidlich, Luciana; Zaha, Arnaldo] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Programa Posgrad CB Bioquim, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Weidlich, Luciana; Baethgen, Ludmila F.; Moraes, Camile; Klein, Cecilia C.; Rossetti, Maria L. R.] FEPPS, CDCT, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Mayer, Leonard W.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nunes, Luciana S.; Zaha, Arnaldo] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Ctr Biotecnol Estado Rio Grande Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Rios, Silvia da S.] Lab Cent Estado Rio Grande Sul, Inst Pesquisas Biol, Secao Bacteriol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Kmetzsch, Claudete I.] Secretaria Saude Estado Rio Grande Sul, Div Vigilancia Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Weidlich, L (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Programa Posgrad CB Bioquim, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM lweidlich@univates.br RI Klein, Cecilia/H-7019-2015 OI Klein, Cecilia/0000-0001-9736-5994 NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0163-4453 J9 J INFECTION JI J. Infect. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 57 IS 4 BP 324 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.jinf.2008.07.014 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 370NL UT WOS:000260768800006 PM 18814914 ER PT J AU Tobler, LH Cameron, MJ Lanteri, MC Prince, HE Danesh, A Persad, D Lanciotti, RS Norris, PJ Kelvin, DJ Busch, MP AF Tobler, Leslie H. Cameron, Mark J. Lanteri, Marion C. Prince, Harry E. Danesh, Ali Persad, Desmond Lanciotti, Robert S. Norris, Philip J. Kelvin, David J. Busch, Michael P. TI Interferon and interferon-induced chemokine expression is associated with control of acute viremia in West Nile virus-infected blood donors SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 15-18, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks ID ENCEPHALITIS; DEFENSE; MICE AB To understand early host responses controlling West Nile virus (WNV) infection, acutely viremic blood donors, identified by nucleic acid amplification testing, were enrolled and monitored for RNA-clearance and WNV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. Viral load and chemokine and cytokine assays were performed on serial samples from donors whose index and first follow-up samples tested negative for IgM. A total of 84% of the specimens obtained from viremic donors before IgM/IgG seroconversion demonstrated a decreasing viral load. Levels of interferon (IFN)-alpha were significantly increased before IgM seroconversion, relative to those in control specimens. CXCL10 and CCL2 were significantly elevated in donor specimens obtained before IgM seroconversion, compared with those obtained after IgM seroconversion. These findings suggest that IFN-mediated innate immunity plays a key role in initial control of WNV replication. C1 [Tobler, Leslie H.; Lanteri, Marion C.; Norris, Philip J.; Busch, Michael P.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Norris, Philip J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Busch, Michael P.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Prince, Harry E.; Danesh, Ali; Persad, Desmond; Kelvin, David J.] Focus Diagnost, Cypress, CA USA. [Lanciotti, Robert S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Cameron, Mark J.] Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Tobler, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Blood Syst Res Inst, 270 Mason Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM ltobler@bloodsystems.org FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [R01-CI-000214]; PHS HHS [HHSN266200400066C] NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 7 BP 979 EP 983 DI 10.1086/591466 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 345EO UT WOS:000258979100005 PM 18729779 ER PT J AU Busch, MP Kleinman, SH Tobler, LH Kamel, HT Norris, PJ Walsh, I Matud, JL Prince, HE Lanciotti, RS Wright, DJ Linnen, JM Caglioti, S AF Busch, Michael P. Kleinman, Steven H. Tobler, Leslie H. Kamel, Hany T. Norris, Philip J. Walsh, Irina Matud, Jose L. Prince, Harry E. Lanciotti, Robert S. Wright, David J. Linnen, Jeffrey M. Caglioti, Sally TI Virus and antibody dynamics in acute West Nile virus infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 20-23, 2007 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks ID INTERVAL-CENSORED-DATA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M IGM; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-DONORS; RNA; TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION; DIAGNOSIS; HIV-1; PERSISTENCE AB Background. The dynamics of the early stages of West Nile virus (WNV) infection can be assessed by follow-up studies of viremic blood donors. Methods. A total of 245 donors with WNV viremia were followed up weekly for 4 weeks and then monthly for up to 6 additional months or until seroconversion. Plasma samples were tested for WNV RNA by transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) and for WNV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. RNA persistence was investigated by 6 replicate TMA tests; samples that were viremic for >40 days were tested for WNV-neutralizing activity. Follow up of 35 additional viremic donors for up to 404 days was conducted to evaluate persistence of WNV-specific antibody. Results. The median time from RNA detection to IgM seroconversion was 3.9 days; to IgG seroconversion, 7.7 days; to RNA negativity by single-replicate TMA, 13.2 days; and to RNA negativity by 6-replicate TMA, 6.1 additional days after results of single-replicate TMA are negative. For 4 donors in whom RNA persisted for >40 days after the index donation, all samples obtained after this threshold were also positive for WNV IgG and neutralizing activity. The mean times to IgM and IgA negativity were 156 and 220 days, respectively. Conclusions. IgM and IgG develop rapidly after viremia and before RNA levels become undetectable, which occurred a mean of 13.2 days after the index donation among donors in this study. WNV RNA detection by replicate TMA rarely persists for >40 days after the index donation and is accompanied by WNV-specific neutralizing antibody, consistent with an absence of WNV transmission via transfusion of seropositive blood components. C1 [Busch, Michael P.; Kleinman, Steven H.; Tobler, Leslie H.; Norris, Philip J.; Walsh, Irina] Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Busch, Michael P.; Norris, Philip J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Matud, Jose L.; Prince, Harry E.] Focus Diagnost, Cypress, TX USA. [Linnen, Jeffrey M.] Gen Probe, San Diego, CA USA. [Kamel, Hany T.] Blood Syst, Scottsdale, AZ USA. [Caglioti, Sally] Blood Syst Labs, Tempe, AZ USA. [Lanciotti, Robert S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Wright, David J.] Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Kleinman, Steven H.] Univ British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Busch, MP (reprint author), Blood Syst Res Inst, 270 Mason Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM MBusch@bloodsystems.org FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [R01-CI-000214] NR 45 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 7 BP 984 EP 993 DI 10.1086/591467 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 345EO UT WOS:000258979100006 PM 18729783 ER PT J AU Benard, VB Howe, W Saraiya, M Helsel, W Lawson, HW AF Benard, Vicki B. Howe, William Saraiya, Mona Helsel, William Lawson, Herschel W. TI Assessment of Follow-Up for Low-Grade Cytological Abnormalities in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program, 2000-2005 SO JOURNAL OF LOWER GENITAL TRACT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; mass screening; vaginal tests ID PAP TESTS; MANAGEMENT; GUIDELINES; ADHERENCE; WOMEN; DYSKARYOSIS; RISK AB Objective. To assess the management of women in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) before and after the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) guidelines for management of abnormal cytology were published in 2002. Materials and Methods. We examined the follow-up for 22,342 women with LSIL during 2 periods: 2000-2002 and 2003-2005. Results. The percentage of providers who followed the recommended guidelines with colposcopy for an LSIL Pap test result increased by 9% from the pre-ASCCP to the post-ASCCP period. An increase was seen in every age and racial/ethnic group. Younger women (<30 years) and white women were more likely than comparison groups to be followed by colposcopy rather than a repeat Pap test. Conclusions. The increase in percentage of women having colposcopy in 2003, 1 year after the new guidelines were published, suggests a change in provider practices consistent with those guidelines. C1 [Benard, Vicki B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Howe, William; Helsel, William] Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Benard, VB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford HWY NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vdb9@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1089-2591 J9 J LOW GENIT TRACT DI JI J. Low. Genit. Tract. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1097/LGT.0b013e31817e308e PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 382XB UT WOS:000261637600008 PM 18820545 ER PT J AU Kenny, JH Zhou, Y Schriefer, ME Bearden, SW AF Kenny, John H. Zhou, Yan Schriefer, Martin E. Bearden, Scott W. TI Detection of viable Yersinia pestis by fluorescence in situ hybridization using peptide nucleic acid probes SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Plague; PNA probe; 16S ribosomal RNA; F1 antigen; Fluorescence microscopy ID VIRULENCE-ASSOCIATED PLASMIDS; CAPSULAR ANTIGEN; RAPID DETECTION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; MURINE TOXIN; SP-NOV; IDENTIFICATION; PNA AB A successful method has been developed for the detection of live Yersinia pestis, the plague bacillus, which incorporates nascent RNA synthesis. A fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes was developed specifically to differentiate Y. pestis strains from closely related bacteria. PNA probes were chosen to target high copy mRNA of the Y. pestis caf1 gene, encoding the Fraction 1 (F1) antigen, and 16S ribosomal RNA. Among Yersinia strains tested, PNA probes Yp-16S-426 and Yp-F1-55 exhibited binding specificities of 100% and 98%, respectively. Y. pestis grown in the presence of competing bacteria, as might be encountered when recovering Y. pestis from environmental surfaces in a post-release bioterrorism event, was recognized by PNA probes and neither hybridization nor fluorescence was inhibited by competing bacterial strains which exhibited faster growth rates. Using fluorescence microscopy, individual Y. pestis bacteria were clearly differentiated from competing bacteria with an average detection sensitivity of 7.9x10(3) cells by fluorescence microscopy. In the current system, this would require an average of 2.56x10(5) viable Y. pestis organisms be recovered from a post-release environmental sample in order to achieve the minimum threshold for detection. The PNA-FISH assays described in this study allow for the sensitive and specific detection of viable Y. pestis bacteria in a timely manner. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kenny, John H.; Zhou, Yan; Schriefer, Martin E.; Bearden, Scott W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Diagnost, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Bearden, SW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Diagnost, 3150 Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM swbearden@cdc.gov FU Federal Bureau of Investigation, Laboratory Division, Counterterrorism and Forensic Science Research Unit, Quantico, VA [A41405194] FX This work was funded in part by interagency agreement #A41405194 through the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Laboratory Division, Counterterrorism and Forensic Science Research Unit, Quantico, VA. The authors thank Mr. Christopher Sexton for the technical assistance with the caf1 rt-PCR assay. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.06.021 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 358UH UT WOS:000259942500022 PM 18655809 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Gorwitz, RJ Collins, AS AF Klevens, R. Monina Gorwitz, Rachel J. Collins, Amy S. TI Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus A primer for dentists SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA; Standard Precautions; Contact Precautions; dental office; infection control ID SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; NASAL CARRIAGE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; ORAL-CAVITY; COMMUNITY; CARE; COLONIZATION; USA300 AB Background and Overview. In 2005 in the United States, an estimated 94,370 new, invasive infections and 18,650 deaths were associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); most of these infections were in people with exposures in health care settings. MRSA also has emerged as a community-based pathogen, causing primarily skin infections that are not life-threatening, but occasionally causing more severe and invasive infections. The authors describe the history of MRSA; identify populations at greatest risk of experiencing MRSA colonization and infection; compare characteristics of AMSA infections occurring in health care and community settings; and summarize strategies, based on U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations and the literature, to prevent transmission of AMSA in dental offices. Conclusions and Clinical Implications. Standard infection control precautions should be enforced strictly in all ambulatory care settings, including dental offices, to prevent facility-based transmission of MRSA and other infectious agents. C1 [Klevens, R. Monina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gorwitz, Rachel J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Collins, Amy S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmk2@cdc.gov NR 67 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 139 IS 10 BP 1328 EP 1337 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 361AO UT WOS:000260100100015 PM 18832268 ER PT J AU Rimoin, AW Walker, CLF Chitale, RA Hamza, HS Vince, A Gardovska, D da Cunha, AL Qazi, S Steinhoff, MC AF Rimoin, Anne W. Walker, Christa L. Fischer Chitale, Rohit A. Hamza, Hala S. Vince, A. Gardovska, Dace da Cunha, Antonio L. Qazi, S. Steinhoff, Mark C. TI Variation in Clinical Presentation of Childhood Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Four Countries SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE clinical signs; streptococcal pharyngitis; Group A beta hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) ID RHEUMATIC HEART-DISEASE; PREDICTION RULES; DECISION RULE; FEVER; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; SETTINGS; CHILDREN; THROAT AB We conducted a cross-sectional study from September 2001 to August 2003 during which children between 2 and 12 years of age presenting with complaint of sore throat were recruited from urban pediatric clinics in Brazil, Croatia, Egypt and Latvia. The objective of the study was to compare clinical signs and symptoms of children presenting to urban pediatric clinics with sore throat in and between countries and to identify common clinical criteria predicting group A beta hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Using a single standard protocol in all four sites, clinical data were recorded and throat swabs obtained for standard GAS culture in 2040 children. Signs and symptoms were tested for statistical association with GAS positive/negative pharyngitis, and were compared using chi(2) tests, ANOVA and Odds Ratios. Clinical signs of GAS pharyngitis in children presenting to clinics varied significantly between countries, and there were few signs or symptom that could statistically be associated with GAS pharyngitis in all four countries, though several were useful in two or three countries. Our results indicate that the clinical manifestations of pharyngitis in clinics may vary by region. It is therefore critical that clinical decision rules for management of pharyngitis should have local validation. C1 [Rimoin, Anne W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Walker, Christa L. Fischer; Steinhoff, Mark C.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Chitale, Rohit A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinat Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hamza, Hala S.] Cairo Univ, Dept Pediat, Cairo, Egypt. [Vince, A.] Dept Infect Dis Hosp, Zagreb, Croatia. [Gardovska, Dace] Children Univ, Clin Hosp, Dept Pediat, Riga, Latvia. [da Cunha, Antonio L.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Pediat, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Qazi, S.] WHO, Dept Child & Adolescent Hlth & Dev, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Rimoin, AW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, CHS 71-279B, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM arimoin@ucla.edu FU USAID; Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, Geneva FX This study was supported by USAID. The Croatian and Latvian site was funded by the Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, Geneva. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-6338 J9 J TROP PEDIATRICS JI J. Trop. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 54 IS 5 BP 308 EP 312 DI 10.1093/tropej/fmm122 PG 5 WC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine SC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine GA 359GV UT WOS:000259975300005 PM 18375971 ER PT J AU Hendrickx, G Van Herck, K Vorsters, A Wiersma, S Shapiro, C Andrus, JK Ropero, AM Shouval, D Ward, W Van Damme, P AF Hendrickx, G. Van Herck, K. Vorsters, A. Wiersma, S. Shapiro, C. Andrus, J. K. Ropero, A. M. Shouval, D. Ward, W. Van Damme, P. TI Has the time come to control hepatitis A globally? Matching prevention to the changing epidemiology SO JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS LA English DT Article DE global hepatitis A meeting; hepatitis A; hepatitis A vaccination; infectious disease control; public health; surveillance ID UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION PROGRAMS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; IMMUNIZATION; VIRUS; IMMUNOGENICITY; VACCINES; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE AB For the first time a global meeting on hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection as vaccine preventable disease was organized at the end of 2007. More than 200 experts from 46 countries gathered to investigate the changing global HAV epidemiology reflecting the increasing numbers of persons at risk for severe clinical disease and mortality from HAV infection. The benefits of childhood and adult hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination strategies and the data needed by individual countries and international health organizations to assess current HepA prevention strategies were discussed. New approaches in preventing HAV infection including universal HepA vaccination were considered. This introductory paper summarizes the major findings of the meeting and describes the changing epidemiology of HAV infections and the impact of HepA vaccination strategies in various countries. Implementation of HepA vaccination strategies should take into account the level of endemicity, the level of the socio-economic development and sanitation, and the risk of outbreaks. A stepwise strategy for introduction of HepA universal immunisation of children was recommended. This strategy should be based on accurate surveillance of cases and qualitative documentation of outbreaks and their control, secure political support on the basis of high-quality results, and comprehensive cost-effectiveness studies. The recognition of the need for increased global attention towards HepA prevention is an important outcome of this meeting. C1 [Hendrickx, G.] Univ Antwerp, Fac Med, Vaccine & Infect Dis Inst, Ctr Evaluat Vaccinat, B-2160 Antwerp, Belgium. [Wiersma, S.; Ward, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shapiro, C.] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Andrus, J. K.; Ropero, A. M.] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. [Shouval, D.] Hadassah Hebrew Univ Hosp, Liver Unit, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Hendrickx, G (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Fac Med, Vaccine & Infect Dis Inst, Ctr Evaluat Vaccinat, Campus 3 Eiken R Univ Pl 1, B-2160 Antwerp, Belgium. EM Greet.Hendrickx@ua.ac.be RI vorsters, alex/A-9605-2012; Van Herck, Koen/G-5223-2013; van damme, pierre/I-4846-2013 OI Van Herck, Koen/0000-0003-0717-2406; NR 38 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1352-0504 J9 J VIRAL HEPATITIS JI J. Viral Hepatitis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 15 SU 2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2008.01022.x PG 15 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 342LA UT WOS:000258784400001 PM 18837827 ER PT J AU Baas, T Roberts, A Teal, TH Vogel, L Chen, J Tumpey, TM Katze, MG Subbarao, K AF Baas, Tracey Roberts, Anjeanette Teal, Thomas H. Vogel, Leatrice Chen, Jun Tumpey, Terrence M. Katze, Michael G. Subbarao, Kanta TI Genomic analysis reveals age-dependent innate immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS; MICROARRAY DATA; SARS-CORONAVIRUS; LUNG PATHOLOGY; I INTERFERON; HOST IMMUNE; BALB/C MICE; MOUSE MODEL; HONG-KONG; T-CELLS AB The relationship between immunosenescence and the host response to virus infection is poorly understood at the molecular level. Two different patterns of pulmonary host responses to virus were observed when gene expression profiles from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-infected young mice that show minimal disease were compared to those from SARS-CoV-infected aged mice that develop pneumonitis. In young mice, genes related to cellular development, cell growth, and cell cycle were downregulated during peak viral replication, and these transcripts returned to basal levels as virus was cleared. In contrast, aged mice had a greater number of upregulated immune response and cell-to-cell signaling genes, and the expression of many genes was sustained even after viral clearance, suggesting an exacerbated host response to virus. Interestingly, in SARS-CoV-infected aged mice, a subset of genes, including Tnfa, Il6, Ccl2, Ccl3, Cxcl10, and Ifng, was induced in a biphasic pattern that correlated with peak viral replication and a subsequent influx of lymphocytes and severe histopathologic changes in the lungs. We provide insight into gene expression profiles and molecular signatures underlying immunosenescence in the context of the host response to viral infection. C1 [Baas, Tracey; Teal, Thomas H.; Katze, Michael G.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Roberts, Anjeanette; Vogel, Leatrice; Chen, Jun; Subbarao, Kanta] NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baas, T (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM traceybaas@gmail.com FU NIAID; NIH FX This study was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of NIAID, NIH (K.S.); P51 RR00166-45, NCRR, NIH, Regional Primate Research Center (Core Grant), Division of Functional Genomics and Infectious Disease (M. G. K., Division Head); and R01 HL080621-01, NHLBI, NIH, Macaque Model and Gene Expression Profiling of SARS (M. G. K.). NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 82 IS 19 BP 9465 EP 9476 DI 10.1128/JVI.00489-08 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 349DT UT WOS:000259259700017 PM 18632870 ER PT J AU Prue, CE Flores, AL Panissidi, P Lira, A AF Prue, Christine E. Flores, Alina L. Panissidi, Paula Lira, Andrea TI But I've Already Had a Healthy Baby: Folic Acid Formative Research with Latina Mothers SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RACE/ETHNICITY; PREVALENCE; WOMEN AB Each year, approximately 3000 pregnancies in the United States are affected by neural tube defects (NTDs), serious birth defects of the brain and spine. Daily periconceptional consumption of folic acid can reduce the incidence of NTDs by 50%-70%. This study was designed to understand Latina mothers' folic acid awareness, knowledge, and behaviors and to capture their reactions to advertising concepts and draft educational materials. The goal of the materials was to increase folic acid consumption through the use of a daily multivitamin. This study presents three phases of research that led to the development of Spanish language print advertisements, posters, a brochure, and radio ads that promote folic acid consumption in a manner that addresses the needs of Latina mothers. C1 [Prue, Christine E.; Flores, Alina L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Prevent Res Team, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Panissidi, Paula; Lira, Andrea] Media Network, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Flores, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Prevent Res Team, Prevent Res Branch, Mailstop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ail5@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1257 EP 1269 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.0980 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 378OE UT WOS:000261331200084 PM 18752460 ER PT J AU Sharpe, TT Velasquez, MM AF Sharpe, Tanya T. Velasquez, Mary M. TI Risk of Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies among Low-Income, Illicit Drug-Using Women SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; CRACK COCAINE; SUBSTANCE USE AB Objectives: Poor women of childbearing age who use crack, cocaine, marijuana, and heroin may be at risk for having an alcohol-exposed pregnancy because of concurrent alcohol use. Women who use illicit drugs may not know the harmful effects of fetal alcohol exposure. Fetal alcohol exposure is a leading cause of developmental disabilities and mental retardation. Methods: We report findings of a survey administered to 2672 women 18-44 years of age in settings serving low-income women, including an urban jail, a drug treatment facility, and healthcare facilities in Florida, Virginia, and Texas. We compared women who reported using more than one illicit drug (drug users) and women who reported never using illicit drugs (nonusers) for frequent alcohol consumption, binge drinking, failure to use contraception, unplanned pregnancies, and drinking during pregnancy. Results: Of women interviewed, 75% (2000) reported using more than one illicit drug. Drug users were more likely to report frequent drinking (33%, relative risk [RR] 12.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.9-20.4, binge drinking (39%, RR 5.7, 95% CI 4.9-7.6), and drinking during pregnancy (37%, RR 2.10, 95% CI 1.75-2.53) compared with nonusers (3%, 7%, 17%, respectively, p < 0.0001). Greater proportions of drug users (27%, RR 2.20, 95% CI 1.75-2.53) also failed to used contraception compared with nonusers (19%, p < 0.05). Notable proportions of both groups, drug users (91%) and nonusers (82%), reported unplanned pregnancies. Conclusions: The findings suggest that poor women who reported ever using more than one illicit drug were at greater risk for having an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Unplanned pregnancies in both groups surpassed national averages. Poor women likely require enhanced education about the hazards of drinking during pregnancy and methods to reduce unplanned pregnancies. C1 [Sharpe, Tanya T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Off Hlth Dispar, NCHHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Velasquez, Mary M.] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Social Work, Hlth Behav Res & Training Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Sharpe, TT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Off Hlth Dispar, NCHHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tsharpe2@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1339 EP 1344 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.0828 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 378OE UT WOS:000261331200094 PM 18788989 ER PT J AU Peters, PJ Moore, DM Mermin, J Brooks, JT Downing, R Were, W Kigozi, A Buchacz, K Weidle, PJ AF Peters, Philip J. Moore, David M. Mermin, Jonathan Brooks, John T. Downing, Robert Were, Willy Kigozi, Aminah Buchacz, Kate Weidle, Paul J. TI Antiretroviral therapy improves renal function among HIV-infected Ugandans SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE highly active antiretroviral therapy; renal insufficiency; Africa; AIDS-associated nephropathy; HIV ID CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; AIDS CARE PROGRAM; SERUM CREATININE; HIV-1-ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY; SEROPOSITIVE PATIENTS; RURAL UGANDA; PROTEINURIA; PREVALENCE; WOMEN AB Renal dysfunction is a severe complication of advanced HIV disease. We evaluated the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on renal function among HIV-infected Ugandans in the Home-Based AIDS Care clinical trial. The patients presented with symptomatic HIV disease or CD4 cell count <= 250 cells/mm(3) and creatinine clearances above 25ml/min determined by the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Of the 508 patients at baseline, 8% had a serum creatinine over 133 mu mol/l and about 20% had reduced renal function evidenced by a creatinine clearance between 25 and 50ml/min. After 2 years of HAART, the median serum creatinine was significantly decreased by 16% while the median creatinine clearance significantly increased 21%. The median creatinine clearance of patients with renal dysfunction at baseline, increased by 53% during 2 years of treatment. In multivariable analysis, a baseline creatinine above 133 mu mol/l, a weight gain of more than 5 kg over the 2 years, female gender and a WHO stage 4 classification were all associated with greater improvements in creatinine clearance on HAART. Our study shows that renal dysfunction was common with advanced HIV disease in Uganda but this improved following 2 years of HAART. C1 [Peters, Philip J.; Brooks, John T.; Buchacz, Kate; Weidle, Paul J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Peters, Philip J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Moore, David M.; Mermin, Jonathan; Downing, Robert; Were, Willy; Kigozi, Aminah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, CDC Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda. [Moore, David M.; Mermin, Jonathan; Downing, Robert; Were, Willy; Kigozi, Aminah] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. [Moore, David M.] British Columbia Ctr Excellence HIV AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Moore, David M.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Dept Med, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Peters, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pjpeters@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Agency for International Development FX We thank the volunteers, staff, and clients of HBAC and TASO; the staff of CDC-Uganda, the Ugandan Ministry of Health, the districts of Tororo and Busia, and the CDC Global AIDS Program Headquarters. Data presented in abstract form (no. N-236) at the 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (Los Angeles, CA, USA), 25-28 February 2007. This study was supported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Agency for International Development through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 74 IS 7 BP 925 EP 929 DI 10.1038/ki.2008.305 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 348CF UT WOS:000259187900016 PM 18614998 ER PT J AU Adams, EK Gavin, NI Ayadi, MF Colley-Gilbert, B Raskind-Hood, C AF Adams, E. Kathleen Gavin, Norma I. Ayadi, M. Femi Colley-Gilbert, Brenda Raskind-Hood, Cheryl TI The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) and Prepregnancy Coverage of Teenage Mothers SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE teen pregnancy; insurance; SCHIP; Medicaid ID WELFARE-REFORM; PRENATAL-CARE; PREGNANCY; BEHAVIORS; OUTCOMES; RATES; AGE AB Background: The 1997 State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) program allowed states to expand Medicaid to uninsured children through age 18 in families under 200% of the federal poverty level. Prepregnancy insurance coverage of adolescents may help reduce unintended pregnancies, address other medical issues, and allow for early and adequate prenatal care for those carrying to term. Objectives: We tested the effects of SCHIP implementation on insurance coverage for teenage mothers and investigated whether these effects varied by type of state SCHIP program-Medicaid expansion, stand-alone program, or some combination of these. Research Design: We used Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data from 1996 through 2000 and difference-in-differences analysis to analyze coverage changes for teenage mothers (age <20) relative to those for mothers aged 20-24 years old, a group whose Medicaid eligibility was not affected by SCHIP policies. Population Studied: Our raw sample of teenage and older mothers in Alaska, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Florida, Maine, New York, and West Virginia equaled 23,171 (811.638 weighted). Results: SCHIP implementation was associated with and almost 10 percentage point increase in prepregnancy coverage among teens under age 17. Although there were increases in both public and private coverage only the latter was statistically significant. The only statistically significant increase in Medicaid coverage, equal to almost 16 percentage points, was among 18-year-olds in states with Medicaid expansion programs. Conclusions: The temporary extension of SCHIP allows time to consider how to maintain the program's potentially positive effect on the reproductive health of adolescents. C1 [Adams, E. Kathleen; Raskind-Hood, Cheryl] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gavin, Norma I.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Ayadi, M. Femi] Univ Houston Clear Lake, Sch Business, Healthcare Adm Program, Texas Med Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Colley-Gilbert, Brenda] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Adams, EK (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Room 654, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM eadam01@sph.emory.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [CDC (PGO) 200-2002-00776 TO 12] FX This research was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) under CDC (PGO) 200-2002-00776 TO 12. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD OCT PY 2008 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1071 EP 1078 DI 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31818888de PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 358IF UT WOS:000259909700013 PM 18815529 ER PT J AU Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP AF Miller, Diane B. O'Callaghan, James P. TI Do early-life insults contribute to the late-life development of Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases? SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID DOPAMINE NEURON LOSS; RISK-FACTORS; ORIGINS; DISORDER; EXPOSURE; OBESITY; MODEL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESTRICTION; INFECTION AB How early-life events "set the stage" for adult disease has emerged as a research focus. Historically, the epidemiology of disease risk factors has centered on adult life, with little scrutiny of early-life events. Here we review the concept that events in early life may contribute to late-life neurodegenerative disease development, with a focus on Parkinson disease (PD) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Suspect events in early life include infections, stress, poor nutrition, and environmental factors such as chemical and pesticide exposure. Adiposity appears to contribute to both PD and AD; and because early-life events contribute to the development of obesity, linkages may exist between early determinants of obesity and the subsequent development of these neurologic diseases. Many now suggest a life-course approach for determining the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors in any chronic disease. This requires determining when during the life course that a given exposure has its greatest effect and how exposures may accumulate over the life span. The data for PD and AD suggest that a number of insults occurring early in life may lead or contribute to these diseases. More definitive knowledge of the key risk factors involved will be needed to implement intervention and preventative strategies early in life to dampen or prevent any adverse late-life outcomes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Miller, Diane B.; O'Callaghan, James P.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Miller, DB (reprint author), CDC NIOSH, Chron Stress & Neurotoxicol Lab, TMBB HELD, Mailstop L-3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM dum6@cdc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 45 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 57 IS 10 SU 2 BP S44 EP S49 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.07.011 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 364ZI UT WOS:000260374200011 PM 18803966 ER PT J AU Cieslak, TJ Rajnik, M Roscelli, JD AF Cieslak, Theodore J. Rajnik, Michael Roscelli, John D. TI Immunization against Haemophilus influenzae Type B Fails to Prevent Orbital and Facial Cellulitis: Results of a 25-Year Study among Military Children SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; CONJUGATE VACCINE; DISEASE; FINLAND; HIB AB Vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type B (HI) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) have dramatically reduced the incidence of bacterial meningitis (due to both HI and SP) and epiglottitis (due to HI) in childhood. The effects of these vaccines on other conditions, however, are less clear. We report an analysis of the effect of serial deployment of various HI and SP vaccines over a 25-year period, involving an examination of: over half a million pediatric hospitalizations Occurring in Army hospitals worldwide. We show that, in marked contrast to the reduction in the number of meningitis and epiglottitis cases, the disease burden of orbital and facial cellulitis-conditions oft attributed to HI and SP-did not diminish. C1 [Cieslak, Theodore J.; Rajnik, Michael; Roscelli, John D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cieslak, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, COTPER, MS D-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM TRCO@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 173 IS 10 BP 941 EP 944 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 360ZJ UT WOS:000260097000002 PM 19160609 ER PT J AU Mccarthy, B Aldape, K Bondy, M Butler, M Inskip, P Ruder, A Wrensch, M Davis, F AF Mccarthy, Bridget Aldape, Kenneth Bondy, Melissa Butler, Maryann Inskip, Peter Ruder, Avima Wrensch, Margaret Davis, Faith TI A COLLABORATIVE STUDY OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF OLIGODENDROGLIAL TUMORS SO NEURO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Neuro-Oncology (SNO) CY NOV 20-23, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Soc Neuro Oncol C1 [Mccarthy, Bridget; Davis, Faith] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Aldape, Kenneth; Bondy, Melissa] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Butler, Maryann; Ruder, Avima] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Inskip, Peter] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wrensch, Margaret] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1522-8517 J9 NEURO-ONCOLOGY JI Neuro-Oncology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 10 IS 5 BP 779 EP 779 PG 1 WC Oncology; Clinical Neurology SC Oncology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 357NX UT WOS:000259854500086 ER PT J AU Dietz, PM Fesco, KK Callaghan, WM Bachman, DJ Bruce, FC Berg, CJ England, LJ Hornbrook, MC AF Dietz, Patricia M. Fesco, Kimberly K. Callaghan, William M. Bachman, Donald J. Bruce, F. Carol Berg, Cynthia J. England, Lucinda J. Hornbrook, Mark C. TI Postpartum screening for diabetes after a gestational diabetes mellitus-affected pregnancy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE; WOMEN; PREDICTORS; HISTORY AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate trends in postpartum glucose testing in a cohort of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: A validated computerized algorithm using Kaiser Permanente Northwest automated data systems identified 36,251 live births or stillbirths from 1999 through 2006. The annual percentage of pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes with clinician orders for and completion of a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test within 3 months of delivery was calculated. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to test for statistically significant trends. RESULTS: The percentages of pregnancies affected by GDM increased from 2.9% in 1999 to 3.6% in 2006 (P<.01). Clinician orders for postpartum tests increased from 15.9% in 1999 to 79.3% in 2004 (P<.01), and then remained stable through 2006. Completed FPG tests increased from 9.0% in 1999 to 57.8% in 2004 (P<.01), and then remained stable through 2006. No oral glucose tolerance tests were ordered. From 2004 to 2006, the practice site where women received care was the factor most strongly associated with the clinician order, but it was not predictive of test completion. Among women with clinician orders, those who were Asian or Hispanic or who attended the 6-week postpartum examination were more likely to complete the test than their counterparts. CONCLUSION: Postpartum glucose testing in women with GDM-affected pregnancies increased over time. However, even in recent years, 42% of women with GDM-affected pregnancies failed to have a postpartum FPG test, and no test was ordered for 21% of GDM-affected pregnancies. C1 [Dietz, Patricia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. RP Dietz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM PDietz@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC 200-2001-00074] FX Funded by contract # CDC 200-2001-00074, "Extent of Maternal Morbidity in a Managed Care Setting," from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 16 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 112 IS 4 BP 868 EP 874 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318184db63 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 356GW UT WOS:000259767700018 PM 18827130 ER PT J AU Kim, C Cheng, YJ Beckles, GL AF Kim, Catherine Cheng, Yiling J. Beckles, Gloria L. TI Cardiovascular disease risk profiles in women with histories of gestational diabetes but without current diabetes SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 68th Annual Meeting of the American-Diabetes-Association CY JUN 06-10, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Diabet Assoc ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; FASTING GLUCOSE; UNITED-STATES; MELLITUS; CARE; AGE AB OBJECTIVE: To compare the cardiovascular disease risk factor profiles of parous women with a history of gestational diabetes who had not developed diabetes, parous women with diagnosed diabetes, and parous women with neither condition. METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 4,631 parous women who were not currently pregnant in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Women were classified by self-report as having a history of gestational diabetes who were not currently diabetic (n=85), diagnosed diabetics (n=218), or as having neither condition (n=4,328). We compared these groups with respect to cholesterol subtypes, blood pressure, uric acid, microalbuminuria, insulin, glucose, and clustering of risk factors, before and after adjustment for demographic and behavioral factors and central obesity. RESULTS: In unadjusted comparisons, women who had a history of gestational diabetes who were not currently diabetics had a more favorable or similar risk factor profile compared with unaffected women, with two exceptions: greater levels of mean fasting glucose (94.0 mg/dL compared with 106.8 mg/dL, P<.001) and mean fasting insulin (10.2 international units/L compared with 14.0 international units/L, P<.001). These patterns were attenuated after adjustment for demographic factors and waist circumference, but remained significant for fasting glucose and the ratio of urine microalbumin/creatinine. Parous women with diagnosed diabetes had significantly worse cardiovascular disease risk profiles than unaffected women before and after adjustment. CONCLUSION: Women who had a history of gestational diabetes who were not currently diabetics have a similar cardiovascular disease risk profile to unaffected women, with the exception of insulin and glucose levels. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), 300 NIB,Room 7C13, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cathkim@umich.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K23DK071552, K23 DK071552, K23 DK071552-02] NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 112 IS 4 BP 875 EP 883 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31818638b5 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 356GW UT WOS:000259767700019 PM 18827131 ER PT J AU Hoover, K Tao, GY Kent, C AF Hoover, Karen Tao, Guoyu Kent, Charlotte TI Low rates of both asymptomatic chlamydia screening and diagnostic testing of women in US outpatient clinics SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; APTIMA ASSAYS; PRIMARY-CARE; TRACHOMATIS; INFECTIONS; PERFORMANCE; PREVALENCE; SPECIMENS; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate demographic characteristics of nonpregnant women who seek health care in hospital outpatient clinics, and the proportion of visits where a chlamydia test was not done in asymptomatic young women at preventive visits and in symptomatic women. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2005 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to estimate the number of visits made by nonpregnant women aged 15-25 years and 26-35 years. We estimated the proportion of preventive visits where young women were not screened for chlamydia and the proportion of visits where women with signs or symptoms of chlamydia were not tested. RESULTS: In 2005, 5.2 million visits were made by nonpregnant women aged 15-25 years to outpatient clinics: 21.3% were by black non-Hispanic women, 15.2% by Hispanic women, 41.9% by women with Medicaid/State Children's Health Insurance Program insurance, and 10.8% by women with signs or symptoms of chlamydia. These young women were not screened at 84.0% of 1.2 million asymptomatic preventive visits, and were not tested for chlamydia at 78.3% of 0.6 million visits where they presented with signs or symptoms of chlamydia. Women aged 26-35 years were not tested at 86.3% of 0.4 million visits where they presented with signs or symptoms of chlamydia. CONCLUSION: While low chlamydia screening coverage has been reported, the low level of diagnostic testing in outpatient clinics was unexpected. Simple and effective interventions are needed to increase both diagnostic testing and screening of young women for Chlamydia in outpatient clinics, a venue that provides care to at-risk populations. C1 [Hoover, Karen; Tao, Guoyu; Kent, Charlotte] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hoover, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM khoover@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 112 IS 4 BP 891 EP 898 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318185a057 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 356GW UT WOS:000259767700021 PM 18827133 ER PT J AU Marcy, SM AF Marcy, S. Michael TI This issue: Infectious disease emergencies SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Marcy, S. Michael] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Vaccine Res, Kaiser Permanente Program, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Marcy, S. Michael] Kaiser Permanente Hlth Care Program, Panorama City, CA USA. [Marcy, S. Michael] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Marcy, S. Michael] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Marcy, S. Michael] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Marcy, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Vaccine Res, Kaiser Permanente Program, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 10 BP 656 EP 657 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 356RB UT WOS:000259794200002 PM 18972846 ER PT J AU Bialek, SR Bower, WA Novak, R Helgenberger, L Auerbach, SB Williams, IT Bell, BP AF Bialek, Stephanie R. Bower, William A. Novak, Ryan Helgenberger, Louisa Auerbach, Steven B. Williams, Ian T. Bell, Beth P. TI Persistence of protection against hepatitis B virus infection among adolescents vaccinated with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine beginning at birth - A 75-year follow-up study SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B vaccine; chronic hepatitis B; perinatal transmission; vaccine effectiveness; Micronesia ID CHILDREN; BOOSTER; ANTIBODY; IMMUNITY; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIGEN; 10-YEAR; MOTHERS; BORN AB Background: Long-term follow-up studies of populations that received recombinant hepatitis B (HB) vaccination beginning at birth are limited. Methods: Micronesian adolescents who had received 3 doses of recombinant HB vaccine (Recombivax 5 mu g at birth, 2.5 mu g at 2 months, 2.5 jig at 6 months) and tested negative for antibody to HB core antigen (anti-HBc) 2 years after primary vaccination (baseline testing) were followed up 15 years after primary vaccination. After testing for anti-HBc, HB surface antigen (HBsAg), and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), participants received a booster dose of HB vaccine. An anamnestic response was defined as an increase in anti-HBs concentrations to a level >= 10 mIU/mL 14 days post-booster. Results: Of the 105 participants, 42 (40.0%) had anti-HBs concentrations >= 10 mIU/mL on baseline testing. At 15 years, 8 (7.6%) were anti-HBc positive; none were HBsAg positive. Of the remaining 97, 7 (7.3%) had anti-HBs concentrations >= 10 mIU/mL. Of the 96 who received a booster dose, 46 (47.9%) had an anamnestic response; final antibody concentrations were 10-99 mIU/mL for 17 (17.7%) and >100 mIU/mL for 29 (30.2%). Participants with anti-HBs concentrations >= 10 mIU/mL on baseline testing were more likely to have an anamnestic response at 15 years [26/39 (66.7%) versus 20/57 (35.1%); P = 0.003]. Conclusions: Fifteen years after primary vaccination starting at birth, 8% of participants had evidence of past HB virus infection, but none had chronic infection. Absence of an anamnestic response to an additional vaccine dose, seen in half of participants, might indicate waning immunity. C1 [Auerbach, Steven B.] OA Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, New York Reg Div, Off Performance Review, US Dept HHS, New York, NY USA. [Bialek, Stephanie R.; Bower, William A.; Novak, Ryan; Williams, Ian T.; Bell, Beth P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bialek, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zqg7@cdc.gov FU Office of Insular Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior FX Supported by funding from the Office of Insular Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior. NR 25 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 27 IS 10 BP 881 EP 885 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31817702ba PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 356FZ UT WOS:000259765400008 PM 18756185 ER PT J AU Gorwitz, RJ AF Gorwitz, Rachel J. TI Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Epidemiology and update SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Staphylococcus aureus; methicillin-resistance; MRSA; community ID UNITED-STATES; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; SKIN INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gorwitz, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 27 IS 10 BP 925 EP 926 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31818a3450 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 356FZ UT WOS:000259765400017 PM 18820590 ER PT J AU Anderson, LJ Seward, JF AF Anderson, Larry J. Seward, Jane F. TI Mumps epidemiology and immunity - The anatomy of a modern epidemic SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Respiratory Viruses CY JUL 20-22, 2007 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP Macrae Grp LLC, Univ Wisconsin Sch Med & Public Hlth DE mumps; outbreak; vaccination; diagnosis ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; OUTBREAK; DIAGNOSIS; ENGLAND; TRANSMISSION; VACCINATION; INFECTION; TIME AB The success of the measles, mumps, and rubella 2-dose vaccination program led public health officials in 1998 to set a goal to eliminate endemic transmission Of MUMPS virus by 2010 In the United States, The large outbreak of mumps in the spring of 2006 has led public health officials to re-evaluate this goal and to recognize that the transmission and epidemiology of mumps in highly vaccinated populations may be different than anticipated. During 2006, a total of 6584 confirmed and probable cases Of Mumps were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and most of these, 5865, occurred between January 1 and July 31. The peak of the outbreak was in April and seemed to be focused on college campuses in 9 midwestern states with Iowa having the highest attack rate. College campuses with mumps outbreaks included ones with 77% to 97% of students having had 2 doses of a mumps vaccine. Diagnosing mumps proved to be problematic in vaccinated persons (ie, laboratory tests seemed to be insensitive and some apparent mumps cases had mild nonclassic illness). The outbreak demonstrated that mumps can sometimes transmit efficiently in highly vaccinated populations and the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of mumps in vaccinated persons is more difficult than in naive persons. The reason for this mumps outbreak is not clear but probably results from multiple factors contributing to an overall increase ill susceptibility and/or transmission. C1 [Anderson, Larry J.; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Anderson, LJ (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lja2@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 27 IS 10 SU S BP S75 EP S79 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181684d8d PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 356GC UT WOS:000259765700007 PM 18820583 ER PT J AU Lee, GM Lorick, SA Pfoh, E Kleinman, K Fishbein, D AF Lee, Grace M. Lorick, Suchita A. Pfoh, Elizabeth Kleinman, Ken Fishbein, Daniel TI Adolescent immunizations: Missed opportunities for prevention SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adolescents; immunization; missed opportunities; preventive visits ID UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION COVERAGE; FAMILY-PHYSICIANS; HEALTH-CARE; CHILDREN; BARRIERS; ADULTS; GAPS; LAW; AGE AB OBJECTIVES. The goals were (1) to describe immunization rates for tetanus-diphtheria, hepatitis B, and measles-mumps-rubella vaccines among 13-year-old adolescents; (2) to identify missed opportunities for tetanus-diphtheria immunization among adolescents 11 to 17 years of age; and (3) to evaluate the association between preventive care use and tetanus-diphtheria immunization. METHODS. Adolescents born between January 1, 1986, and December 31, 1991, and enrolled in Harvard Pilgrim Health Care and Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates for >= 1 year in 1997-2004 were included. Immunization rates for tetanus-diphtheria, hepatitis B, and measles-mumps-rubella were assessed at 13 years of age. Missed opportunities for tetanus-diphtheria immunization within 14 days after a health care visit were measured. Multivariate models were used to determine predictors of timeliness of tetanus-diphtheria vaccination, particularly the use of preventive care services. RESULTS. A total of 23 987 eligible adolescents were enrolled in Harvard Pilgrim Health Care and Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates between 1997 and 2004. Among 13-year-old adolescents in the most recent birth cohort, 84%, 74%, and 67% were up to date for tetanus-diphtheria, hepatitis B, and measles-mumps-rubella, respectively. When the analysis was limited to those with >= 1 vaccine received before 2 years of age (a proxy measure for complete records), 92%, 82%, and 85% were up to date for tetanus-diphtheria, hepatitis B, and measles-mumps-rubella, respectively. Missed opportunities for tetanus-diphtheria immunization occurred at 84% of all health care visits. Adolescents who did not seek preventive care were less likely to receive tetanus-diphtheria in a timely manner. CONCLUSIONS. Adolescent immunization rates lag far behind childhood rates, and missed opportunities are common. Additional strategies are needed to increase the use of preventive services among adolescents and to enable providers to vaccinate adolescents at every opportunity. C1 [Lee, Grace M.; Pfoh, Elizabeth; Kleinman, Ken] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Lee, Grace M.; Pfoh, Elizabeth; Kleinman, Ken] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. [Lee, Grace M.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. [Lee, Grace M.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA USA. [Lorick, Suchita A.; Fishbein, Daniel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lee, GM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Foundation; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [K08 HS013908-01A1]; Vaccine Safety Datalink [200-2002-00732] FX This work was supported by the Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Foundation through an Ebert Award. Dr Lee was also supported by grant K08 HS013908-01A1 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. We thank the Vaccine Safety Datalink project (grant 200-2002-00732) for support of the data set that made this analysis possible. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 IS 4 BP 711 EP 717 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-2857 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 356YD UT WOS:000259812600003 PM 18829792 ER PT J AU Gust, DA Darling, N Kennedy, A Schwartz, B AF Gust, Deborah A. Darling, Natalie Kennedy, Allison Schwartz, Ben TI Parents with doubts about vaccines: Which vaccines and reasons why SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE parents; vaccine concern; doubt; refusal; delay; unsure ID PERTUSSIS VACCINATION; CARE PROVIDERS; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; INFORMATION; ATTITUDES; EVENTS; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVES. The goals were (1) to obtain national estimates of the proportions of parents with indicators of vaccine doubt, (2) to identify factors associated with those parents, compared with parents reporting no vaccine doubt indicators, (3) to identify the specific vaccines that prompted doubt and the reasons why, and (4) to describe the main reasons parents changed their minds about delaying or refusing a vaccine for their child. METHODS. Data were from the National Immunization Survey (2003-2004). Groups included parents who ever got a vaccination for their child although they were not sure it was the best thing to do ("unsure"), delayed a vaccination for their child ("delayed"), or decided not to have their child get a vaccination ("refused"). RESULTS. A total of 3924 interviews were completed. Response rates were 57.9% in 2003 and 65.0% in 2004. Twenty-eight percent of parents responded yes to ever experiencing >= 1 of the outcome measures listed above. In separate analyses for each outcome measure, vaccine safety concern was a predictor for unsure, refused, and delayed parents. The largest proportions of unsure and refused parents chose varicella vaccine as the vaccine prompting their concern, whereas delayed parents most often reported "not a specific vaccine" as the vaccine prompting their concern. Most parents who delayed vaccines for their child did so for reasons related to their child's illness, unlike the unsure and refused parents. The largest proportion of parents who changed their minds about delaying or not getting a vaccination for their child listed "information or assurances from health care provider" as the main reason. CONCLUSIONS. Parents who exhibit doubts about immunizations are not all the same. This research suggests encouraging children's health care providers to solicit questions about vaccines, to establish a trusting relationship, and to provide appropriate educational materials to parents. C1 [Gust, Deborah A.; Darling, Natalie; Kennedy, Allison] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schwartz, Ben] Natl Vaccine Program Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Gust, DA (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dgust@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 174 Z9 176 U1 7 U2 36 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 IS 4 BP 718 EP 725 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-0538 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 356YD UT WOS:000259812600004 PM 18829793 ER PT J AU Finelli, L Fiore, A Dhara, R Brammer, L Shay, DK Kamimoto, L Fry, A Hageman, J Gorwitz, R Bresee, J Uyeki, T AF Finelli, Lyn Fiore, Anthony Dhara, Rosaline Brammer, Lynnette Shay, David K. Kamimoto, Laurie Fry, Alicia Hageman, Jeffrey Gorwitz, Rachel Bresee, Joseph Uyeki, Timothy TI Influenza-associated pediatric mortality in the United States: Increase of Staphylococcus aureus coinfection SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE influenza; influenza vaccine; mortality rates; Staphylococcus aureus ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; VIRUS INFECTION; NASAL CARRIAGE; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; VACCINATION COVERAGE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; OTITIS-MEDIA; NEURAMINIDASE AB OBJECTIVE. Pediatric influenza-associated death became a nationally notifiable condition in the United States during 2004. We describe influenza-associated pediatric mortality from 2004 to 2007, including an increase of Staphylococcus aureus coinfections. METHODS. Influenza-associated pediatric death is defined as a death of a child who is younger than 18 years and has laboratory-confirmed influenza. State and local health departments report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention demographic, clinical, and laboratory data on influenza-associated pediatric deaths. RESULTS. During the 2004-2007 influenza seasons, 166 influenza-associated pediatric deaths were reported (n = 47, 46, and 73, respectively). Median age of the children was 5 years. Children often progressed rapidly to death; 45% died within 72 hours of onset, including 43% who died at home or in an emergency department. Of 90 children who were recommended for influenza vaccination, only 5 (6%) were fully vaccinated. Reports of bacterial coinfection increased substantially from 2004-2005 to 2006-2007 (6%, 15%, and 34%, respectively). S aureus was isolated from a sterile site or endotracheal tube culture in 1 case in 2004-2005, 3 cases in 2005-2006, and 22 cases in 2006-2007; 64% were methicillin-resistant S aureus. Children with S aureus coinfection were significantly older and more likely to have pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome than those who were not coinfected. CONCLUSIONS. Influenza-associated pediatric mortality is rare, but the proportion of S aureus coinfection identified increased fivefold over the past 3 seasons. Research is needed to identify risk factors for influenza coinfection with invasive bacteria and to determine the impact of influenza vaccination and antiviral agents in preventing pediatric mortality. C1 [Finelli, Lyn; Fiore, Anthony; Dhara, Rosaline; Brammer, Lynnette; Shay, David K.; Kamimoto, Laurie; Fry, Alicia; Bresee, Joseph; Uyeki, Timothy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hageman, Jeffrey; Gorwitz, Rachel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Finelli, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lfinelli@cdc.gov OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 48 TC 162 Z9 180 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 IS 4 BP 805 EP 811 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1336 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 356YD UT WOS:000259812600016 PM 18829805 ER PT J AU Groom, H Bhatt, A Washington, ML Santoli, J AF Groom, Holly Bhatt, Achal Washington, Michael L. Santoli, Jeanne TI Temporary vaccine recommendations and provider compliance: A survey of pediatric practices during the 2003-2004 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine shortage SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE immunization; compliance; pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; shortage ID UNITED-STATES AB OBJECTIVE. Heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was in short supply from December 2003 to August 2004. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians made recommendations to providers to withhold third and fourth doses of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to ensure availability for those at highest risk. Previous studies of vaccine shortages have demonstrated that provider compliance with temporary recommendations is low. The objective of this study was to collect timely data about awareness and adherence to temporary recommendations and current supply status of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in pediatric practices. METHODS. A 2-phase telephone survey of pediatric practices was conducted during a 10-week period during the 2003-2004 heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine shortage. Immunization nurses at randomly selected sites with physician-members of the American Academy of Pediatrics were asked a series of questions. RESULTS. In both study phases, > 90% of participating practices were aware of the recommendations and reported adhering to the recommendations. In phase 1, practices with insufficient supply were more likely to implement recommendations than practices with sufficient supply. Participants identified health departments and Wyeth Vaccines as the most common sources of information. At least 65% of the practices in each phase reported use of tracking systems for children who missed doses. CONCLUSIONS. Most pediatric practices surveyed were aware of the shortage and were implementing the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine recommendations. Simplified recommendations and collaborative efforts to develop and widely disseminate interim recommendations may result in increased compliance by providers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Groom, H (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mail Stop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM hgroom@cdc.gov OI Groom, Holly/0000-0003-2866-9788 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 IS 4 BP E835 EP E840 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1092 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 356YD UT WOS:000259812600049 PM 18829781 ER PT J AU Dee, DL Sharma, AJ Cogswell, ME Grummer-Strawn, LM Fein, SB Scanlon, KS AF Dee, Deborah L. Sharma, Andrea J. Cogswell, Mary E. Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. Fein, Sara B. Scanlon, Kelley S. TI Sources of supplemental iron among breastfed infants during the first year of life SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; complementary feeding; dietary iron; infant feeding ID HUMAN-MILK; DEFICIENCY; FOOD AB OBJECTIVES. Primary prevention of iron deficiency requires adequate iron intake. Although recommendations exist to promote adequate intake of iron among infants through iron-rich foods and iron supplements, few studies have examined adherence to these recommendations. Our objectives were to describe the consumption of iron-rich foods, oral iron supplements, and iron-fortified formula among US infants and to assess adherence to iron-intake recommendations. METHODS. We analyzed data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a longitudinal study of mothers and infants followed from late pregnancy through the first year of their infant's life. Mothers completed near-monthly questionnaires that assessed how frequently they fed their infants breast milk, formula, infant cereals, and meats in the previous 7 days and whether their infants were given an oral iron supplement >= 3 times per week during the previous 2 weeks. We examined use of iron-fortified formula among infants who consumed formula; intake of cereal, meat, oral iron supplements, and formula among infants consuming any breast milk; and whether 6-month-old breastfed and mixed-fed ( breast milk and formula) infants consumed sources of supplemental iron with recommended frequency. RESULTS. At 6 months of age, 18% of the term breastfed and mixed-fed infants had not received infant cereal or meat in the previous 7 days, and 15% had not received infant cereal, meat, regular iron supplements, or formula; among solely breastfed infants, 23% had not received infant cereal, meat, or regular iron supplements. Fifty-eight percent of the mixed-fed infants and 70% of the solely breastfed infants received <2 daily servings of infant cereal, meat, or formula combined and did not receive oral iron supplements >= 3 times per week. Among preterm breastfed and mixed-fed infants, none received oral iron supplements >= 3 times per week before 3 months of age, 2% received them at 3 months, and 13% received them at 10.5 months. CONCLUSIONS. Our findings indicate that recommendations regarding iron intake among breastfed infants are not being followed by a substantial proportion of mothers. C1 [Dee, Deborah L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Career & Workforce Dev, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Dee, Deborah L.; Sharma, Andrea J.; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.; Scanlon, Kelley S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Cogswell, Mary E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Fein, Sara B.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Dee, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Career & Workforce Dev, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K 25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ddee@cdc.gov OI Sharma, Andrea/0000-0003-0385-0011 FU Food and Drug Administration; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Office of Women's Health; National Institutes of Health; Maternal and Child Health Bureau in the US Department of Health and Human Services FX This study was funded by the Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, and Maternal and Child Health Bureau in the US Department of Health and Human Services. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 SU S BP S98 EP S104 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1315m PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 357CB UT WOS:000259822800012 PM 18829838 ER PT J AU DiGirolamo, AM Grummer-Strawn, LM Fein, SB AF DiGirolamo, Ann M. Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. Fein, Sara B. TI Effect of maternity-care practices on breastfeeding SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breast feeding; maternity; hospital ID ANALGESIA; HOSPITALS; SUCCESS AB OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to assess the impact of "Baby-Friendly"hospital practices and other maternity-care practices experienced by mothers on breastfeeding duration. METHODS. This analysis of the Infant Feeding Practices Study II focused on mothers who initiated breastfeeding and intended prenatally to breastfeed for >2 months, with complete data on all variables (n = 1907). Predictor variables included indicators of 6 "Baby-Friendly" practices (breastfeeding initiation within 1 hour of birth, giving only breast milk, rooming in, breastfeeding on demand, no pacifiers, fostering breastfeeding support groups) along with several other maternity-care practices. The main outcome measure was breastfeeding termination before 6 weeks. RESULTS. Only 8.1% of the mothers experienced all 6 "Baby-Friendly" practices. The practices most consistently associated with breastfeeding beyond 6 weeks were initiation within 1 hour of birth, giving only breast milk, and not using pacifiers. Bringing the infant to the room for feeding at night if not rooming in and not giving pain medications to the mother during delivery were also protective against early breastfeeding termination. Compared with the mothers who experienced all 6 "Baby-Friendly"practices, mothers who experienced none were similar to 13 times more likely to stop breastfeeding early. Additional practices decreased the risk for early termination. CONCLUSIONS. Increased "Baby-Friendly"hospital practices, along with several other maternity-care practices, improve the chances of breastfeeding beyond 6 weeks. The need to work with hospitals to implement these practices continues to exist, as illustrated by the small proportion of mothers who reported experiencing all 6 of the "Baby-Friendly"hospital practices measured in this study. C1 [DiGirolamo, Ann M.] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. [Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fein, Sara B.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, US Dept HHS, College Pk, MD USA. RP DiGirolamo, AM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. EM adigiro@sph.emory.edu NR 19 TC 145 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 SU S BP S43 EP S49 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1315e PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 357CB UT WOS:000259822800004 PM 18829830 ER PT J AU Fein, SB Labiner-Wolfe, J Scanlon, KS Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Fein, Sara B. Labiner-Wolfe, Judith Scanlon, Kelley S. Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. TI Selected complementary feeding practices and their association with maternal education SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE infant nutrition; complementary feeding; weaning; nutritional requirements; diet ID FOOD PATTERNS; TODDLERS; INFANTS; NUTRIENT; TRACKING; CHILDREN; GUIDELINES; CHILDHOOD; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVE. As infants transition from a milk-based diet to one that includes most food groups, the timing of the transition, how infants are fed, and the quality of their diet can have important health implications. Our objective is to describe these factors for US infants. METHODS. We analyzed data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II. Sample sizes varied for relevant questions from similar to 1600 to similar to 2400. We analyzed the prevalence of 14 feeding practices and their association with the mothers' education and also examined participants' use of commercial baby foods. RESULTS. Approximately 21% of the mothers introduced solid foods before 4 months; 7% introduced solids after 6 months. Twenty-nine percent of the mothers introduced >3 new foods per week to infants aged 5 to 10 months. Approximately 20% of the mothers fed juice before 6 months, fed cow's milk before 12 months, and fed infants <5 times per day after 5 months. Fourteen percent of the mothers chewed food for their infant. Approximately 15% of the mothers fed <1 serving daily of either a fruit or vegetable to infants aged >= 9 months, half added salt to their infant's food, and more than one third who added salt used noniodized salt. Approximately 20% fed reduced-fat cow's milk at 1 year. Almost half of the 10-month-old infants had eaten restaurant food in a restaurant in the previous week, 22% had eaten carry-out food, and 28% had eaten either type of restaurant food >= 2 times. The prevalence of 8 of the 14 unhealthful infant feeding practices we examined was inversely associated with maternal education. CONCLUSIONS. Nutrition and feeding guidance should be especially targeted to mothers with a high school education or less. C1 [Fein, Sara B.; Labiner-Wolfe, Judith] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Scanlon, Kelley S.; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fein, SB (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy,HFS 020, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM sara.fein@fda.hhs.gov NR 26 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 SU S BP S91 EP S97 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1315l PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 357CB UT WOS:000259822800011 PM 18829837 ER PT J AU Fein, SB Labiner-Wolfe, J Shealy, KR Li, RW Chen, J Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Fein, Sara B. Labiner-Wolfe, Judith Shealy, Katherine R. Li, Rouwei Chen, Jian Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. TI Infant Feeding Practices Study II: Study methods SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; bottle feeding; infant; nutrition; physiology; infant care ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; UNITED-STATES; VALIDATION; WORK AB OBJECTIVE. Our goal is to describe the methods used in the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFPS II), a study of infant feeding and care practices throughout the first year of life. Survey topics included breastfeeding, formula and complementary feeding, infant health, breast-pump use, food allergies, sleeping arrangements, mother's employment, and child care arrangements. In addition, mothers' dietary intake was measured prenatally and postnatally. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS. The IFPS II sample was drawn from a nationally distributed consumer opinion panel of 500 000 households. All questionnaires were administered by mail, 1 prenatally and 10 postpartum. Qualifying criteria were used to achieve the sample goals of mothers of healthy term and late preterm singleton infants. In addition to the questionnaires about the infants, women were sent a diet-assessment questionnaire prenatally and at similar to 4 months after delivery; this questionnaire was also sent to members of a comparison group who were neither pregnant nor postpartum. RESULTS. A sample of 4902 pregnant women began the study, and similar to 2000 continued through their infant's first year. Response rates ranged from 63% to 87% for the different questionnaires. Compared with adult mothers of singletons from the nationally representative sample of the National Survey of Family Growth, IFPS II participants had a higher mean education level; were older; were more likely to be middle income, white, and employed; were less likely to smoke; and had fewer other children. Compared with women who participated in the National Immunization Survey who gave birth in 2004, IFPS II mothers were more likely to breastfeed and to breastfeed longer. CONCLUSIONS. The IFPS II provides a valuable database because of its large sample size, the frequency of its questionnaires, and its wide coverage of issues salient to infant feeding. C1 [Fein, Sara B.; Labiner-Wolfe, Judith] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shealy, Katherine R.; Li, Rouwei; Chen, Jian; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fein, SB (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy,HFS 020, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM sara.fein@fda.hhs.gov NR 26 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 SU S BP S28 EP S35 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1315c PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 357CB UT WOS:000259822800002 PM 18829828 ER PT J AU Fein, SB Grummer-Strawn, LM Raju, TNK AF Fein, Sara B. Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. Raju, Tonse N. K. TI Infant feeding and care practices in the United States: Results from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fein, Sara B.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Raju, Tonse N. K.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Pregnancy & Perinatol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Fein, SB (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy,HFS 020, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM sara.fein@fda.hhs.gov NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 SU S BP S25 EP S27 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1315b PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 357CB UT WOS:000259822800001 PM 18829827 ER PT J AU Grummer-Strawn, LM Scanlon, KS Fein, SB AF Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. Scanlon, Kelley S. Fein, Sara B. TI Infant feeding and feeding transitions during the first year of life SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE infant feeding; breast milk; solid food introduction ID AGED CHILDREN; TODDLERS; FOOD; GUIDELINES AB OBJECTIVE. Infancy is a time of rapid transition from a diet of virtually nothing but milk (either breast milk or infant formula) to a varied diet from nearly all food groups being consumed on a daily basis by most infants. Despite various recommendations about infant feeding, little is known about actual patterns of feeding among US infants. This article documents transitions in infant feeding patterns across the first year of life and determinants of key aspects of infant feeding. METHODS. Using data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II, we analyzed responses to a 7-day food-recall chart that was administered every month. The sample size declined from 2907 at birth to 1782 at 12 months of age. RESULTS. Although 83% of survey respondents initiated breastfeeding, the percentage who breastfed declined rapidly to 50% at 6 months and to 24% at 12 months. Many of the women who breastfed also fed their infants formula; 52% reported that their infants received formula while in the hospital. At 4 months, 40% of the infants had consumed infant cereal, 17% had consumed fruit or vegetable products, and <1% had consumed meat. Compared with infants who were not fed solid foods at 4 months, those who were fed solid foods were more likely to have discontinued breastfeeding at 6 months (70% vs 34%) and to have been fed fatty or sugary foods at 12 months (75% vs 62%). CONCLUSIONS. Supplementing breast milk with infant formula while infants were still in the hospital was very common. Despite recommendations that complementary foods not be introduced to infants aged 4 months or younger, almost half of the infants in this study had consumed solid foods by the age of 4 months. This early introduction of complementary foods was associated with unhealthful subsequent feeding behavior. C1 [Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.; Scanlon, Kelley S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Fein, Sara B.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Grummer-Strawn, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxg8@cdc.gov RI Vollrath, Margarete/G-1297-2011 NR 18 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 SU S BP S36 EP S42 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1315d PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 357CB UT WOS:000259822800003 PM 18829829 ER PT J AU Labiner-Wolfe, J Fein, SB Shealy, KR AF Labiner-Wolfe, Judith Fein, Sara B. Shealy, Katherine R. TI Infant formula-handling education and safety SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE infant formula; food handling; food labeling AB OBJECTIVES. Our goal was to assess the extent to which mothers learn about proper handling of infant formula from health professionals and package labels; mothers' beliefs about the likelihood of germs being in infant formula and the importance of following safe-use directions; whether they take measures while handling infant formula to prevent foodborne illnesses and injury to their infants; and maternal characteristics associated with unsafe infant formula-handling practices. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS. The study cohort consisted of mothers participating in the 2005-2007 Infant Feeding Practices Study II who fed their infant formula. We conducted frequency and multiple logistic regression analyses. Sample sizes for the analyses ranged from 860 to 1533. RESULTS. The majority of formula-feeding mothers did not receive instruction on formula preparation (77%) or storage (73%) from a health professional. Thirty percent did not read some of the safe-use directions on the formula package label; an approximately equal percentage (38%) thought that both powdered (which is not sterile) and ready-to-feed (which is sterile) formula were unlikely to contain germs; and 85% believed that following safe-storage directions was very important. Among the mothers of the youngest infants analyzed, 55% did not always wash their hands with soap before preparing infant formula, 32% did not adequately wash bottle nipples between uses, 35% heated formula bottles in a microwave oven, and 6% did not always discard formula left standing for >2 hours. The prevalence of these unsafe practices was similar among mothers of older infants. No consistent pattern of maternal characteristics was associated with unsafe practices. CONCLUSIONS. Many mothers do not follow safe practices when preparing infant formula. Additional research is needed to understand why more mothers do not follow safe formula-handling recommendations. C1 [Labiner-Wolfe, Judith; Fein, Sara B.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shealy, Katherine R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Labiner-Wolfe, J (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy,HFS 020, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM judy.labiner@fda.hhs.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 SU S BP S85 EP S90 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1315k PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 357CB UT WOS:000259822800010 PM 18829836 ER PT J AU Labiner-Wolfe, J Fein, SB Shealy, KR Wang, CL AF Labiner-Wolfe, Judith Fein, Sara B. Shealy, Katherine R. Wang, Cunlin TI Prevalence of breast milk expression and associated factors SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; breast milk; medical device ID WORK AB OBJECTIVES. Our goal was to describe the prevalence of any, occasional, and regular breast milk expression, mothers' reasons for expressing their milk, and sociodemographic factors associated with breast milk expression. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS. Breastfeeding mothers participating in the 2005-2007 Infant Feeding Practices Study II formed the cohort for these analyses, which were conducted among those with infants in 3 age groups: 1.5 to 4.5 months (n = 1564); > 4.5 to 6.5 months (n = 1128); and > 6.5 to 9.5 months (n = 914). For the analyses we used frequency and stepwise multiple logistic regression procedures. RESULTS. Eighty-five percent of breastfeeding mothers of infants in the youngest age group had successfully expressed milk at some time since their infant was born. When asked only about the previous 2-week period, 68% of the breastfeeding mothers of infants in this youngest age group had expressed milk, with 43% having done so occasionally and 25% on a regular schedule. Approximately one quarter of breastfeeding mothers of infants in the 2 older infant age groups also expressed milk on a regular schedule. The percentage of mothers expressing milk decreased with increasing infant age. Mothers expressed milk for various reasons. The most frequently cited reason was to get breast milk for someone else to feed their infant. In all 3 age groups, reporting any breast milk expression, compared with none, was positively associated with maternal employment, higher income, lack of previous breastfeeding experience, and living in the Midwest versus the West. In all 3 age groups, expressing milk on a regular schedule, compared with occasionally, was positively associated with maternal employment and the use of an electric versus manual breast pump. CONCLUSIONS. Breast milk expression is a very common practice. It is associated most strongly with maternal employment, a recognized barrier to breastfeeding. C1 [Labiner-Wolfe, Judith; Fein, Sara B.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shealy, Katherine R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wang, Cunlin] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Labiner-Wolfe, J (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy,HFS 020, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM judy.labiner@fda.hhs.gov NR 16 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 SU S BP S63 EP S68 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1315h PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 357CB UT WOS:000259822800007 PM 18829833 ER PT J AU Li, RW Fein, SB Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Li, Ruowei Fein, Sara B. Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. TI Association of breastfeeding intensity and bottle-emptying behaviors at early infancy with infants' risk for excess weight at late infancy SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; bottle feeding; obesity; etiology; infant ID HUMAN-MILK; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; BODY-WEIGHT; LATER LIFE; OVERWEIGHT; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES AB OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that infants who were breastfed more intensively during early infancy (<= 6 months) will be less likely to have excess weight during late infancy (<= 6 months) and to examine the independent impact of infant-initiated bottle emptying and mothers' encouragement of bottle emptying on infants' risk for excess weight. METHOD. The sample consisted of 1896 mothers who participated in postpartum surveys of the Infant Feeding Practice Study II and who provided at least 1 weight measurement of their infants during the second half of infancy. We used multiple logistic regression models to assess the association between infants' risks for excess weight during the second half of infancy and 3 self-reported feeding practices during the first half of infancy after adjusting for a series of sociodemographic characteristics. The early feeding practices examined included the percentage of all milk feedings in which infants consumed breast milk (breastfeeding intensity), the frequency of bottle feedings in which infants initiated bottle emptying, and the frequency of bottle feedings in which mothers encouraged bottle emptying. RESULTS. Infants fed with low (<20% of milk feeds being breast milk) and medium (20%-80%) breastfeeding intensity in the first half of infancy were at least 2 times more likely to have excess weight during the second half of infancy than those breastfed at high intensity (>80%). Infants who often emptied bottles in early infancy were 69% more likely than those who rarely emptied bottles to have excess weight during late infancy. However, mothers' encouragement of bottle emptying was negatively associated with their infants' risk for excess weight during the second half of infancy. CONCLUSIONS. Infants' risk for excess weight during late infancy was negatively associated with breastfeeding intensity but positively associated with infant-initiated bottle emptying during early infancy. These findings not only provide evidence for the potential risk of not breastfeeding or breastfeeding at a low intensity in development of childhood obesity, but they also suggest that infant-initiated bottle emptying may be an independent risk factor as well. C1 [Li, Ruowei; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Fein, Sara B.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop K25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ril6@cdc.gov FU Food and Drug Administration; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Office of Women's Health; National Institutes of Health; Maternal and Child Health Bureau FX This study was funded by the Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, and Maternal and Child Health Bureau in the US Department of Health and Human Services. NR 39 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 SU S BP S77 EP S84 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1315j PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 357CB UT WOS:000259822800009 PM 18829835 ER PT J AU Li, RW Fein, SB Chen, J Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Li, Ruowei Fein, Sara B. Chen, Jian Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. TI Why mothers stop breastfeeding: Mothers' self-reported reasons for stopping during the first year SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; lactation; weaning; infant ID HUMAN-MILK; BIRTH COHORT; OTITIS-MEDIA; FED INFANTS; GROWTH; RISK; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDREN; DURATION; LIFE AB OBJECTIVES. Our goal was to determine why women stop breastfeeding at various times during their infant's first year. METHODS. We analyzed self-reported data from 1323 mothers who participated in the Infant Feeding Practice Study II. Mail questionnaires were sent to mothers similar to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 1/2, and 12 months after their child's birth, in which they were asked to rate the importance of 32 reasons for their decision to stop breastfeeding. We applied exploratory factorial analysis to extract meaningful constructs of mothers' responses to the 32 reasons. We then compared the percentages of mothers who indicated that each reason was important in their decision to stop breastfeeding among various weaning ages and used multiple logistic regression models to examine sociodemographic differences in the most frequently cited reasons for stopping breastfeeding. RESULTS. The perception that their infant was not satisfied by breast milk alone was cited consistently as 1 of the top 3 reasons in the mothers' decision to stop breastfeeding regardless of weaning age (43.5%-55.6%) and was even more frequent among Hispanic mothers and mothers with annual household incomes of <350% of the federal poverty level. Mothers' concerns about lactation and nutrition issues were the most frequently cited reasons for stopping breastfeeding during the first 2 months. Starting from the third month, self-weaning reasons were increasingly cited as important, with the statements "My baby began to bite" (31.7%), " My baby lost interest in nursing or began to wean himself or herself" (47.3%), and " Breast milk alone did not satisfy my baby" (43.5%) cited as the top 3 reasons at >= 9 months of age. CONCLUSIONS. Our findings about the major reasons why mothers stop breastfeeding at various times during their child's first year should be useful to health professionals when attempting to help mothers overcome breastfeeding barriers and to health officials attempting to devise targeted breastfeeding interventions on those issues prominent for each infant age. C1 [Li, Ruowei; Chen, Jian; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Fein, Sara B.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop K25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ril6@cdc.gov FU Food and Drug Administration; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Office of Women's Health; National Institutes of Health; Maternal and Child Health Bureau FX This study was funded by the Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, and Maternal and Child Health Bureau in the US Department of Health and Human Services. NR 41 TC 112 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 SU S BP S69 EP S76 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1315i PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 357CB UT WOS:000259822800008 PM 18829834 ER PT J AU Shealy, KR Scanion, KS Labiner-Wolfe, J Fein, SB Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Shealy, Katherine R. Scanion, Kelley S. Labiner-Wolfe, Judith Fein, Sara B. Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. TI Characteristics of breastfeeding practices among US mothers SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; breast milk; feeding behavior; human milk; lactation; medical; education; mothers; patient education; supplementary feeding ID HUMAN-MILK; SELF-EFFICACY; WOMEN; RECOMMENDATIONS; INFORMATION; ATTITUDES; DURATION; REMOVAL; COHORT; FAT AB OBJECTIVES. Although much has been published about breastfeeding rates, little is known about how breastfeeding is practiced in the United States. We describe the distributions and characteristics of practices related to common advice about breastfeeding during the infant's first year of life. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS. Participants in the 2005-2007 Infant Feeding Practices Study II received monthly questionnaires during their infants' first year of life. Among breastfeeding respondents, we investigated patterns and trends in types of breastfeeding (supplementing with formula or not, and at the breast or not) and maternal report of infant feeding behaviors corresponding to common breastfeeding advice on frequency, duration, and intervals of feedings. RESULTS. More than half of the breastfeeding mothers fed their infants nothing other than breast milk until 4 months of age. Formula supplementation declined from 42% at 1 month to 15% at 1 year; adding other foods/liquids increasingly surpassed supplementing with formula beginning at 5 months of age. Six percent of the mothers reported that the only breast milk the infant was fed was expressed, rather than at the breast. Frequency of breast milk feedings per day declined from 8 at 1 month to 3.5 at 1 year. Reported feeding durations of <20 minutes increased from 46% at 1 month to 88% at 1 year. Feeding from both breasts per feeding decreased 15% over the infant's first year (from 69% to 59%). Longest interfeeding intervals more than doubled over the year. CONCLUSIONS. Exclusive breastfeeding was common up to 4 but not to 6 months of age. Breastfeeding with only expressed milk was rare. Considerable variation existed in maternal report of practices that correspond to common breastfeeding advice. More research is needed to better understand how these variations relate to breastfeeding outcomes and the role of common breastfeeding advice in infant feeding decisions. C1 [Shealy, Katherine R.; Scanion, Kelley S.; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Labiner-Wolfe, Judith; Fein, Sara B.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Shealy, KR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kshealy@cdc.gov FU Food and Drug Administration; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Office of Women's Health; US Department of Health and Human Services FX This study was funded by the Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, and Maternal and Child Health Bureau in the US Department of Health and Human Services. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 SU S BP S50 EP S55 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1315f PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 357CB UT WOS:000259822800005 PM 18829831 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ Xi, YL AF Paulozzi, Leonard J. Xi, Yongli TI Recent changes in drug poisoning mortality in the United States by urban-rural status and by drug type SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE poisoning; opioid; heroin; cocaine; psychotropic; urbanization ID OPIOID ANALGESICS; OVERDOSE DEATHS; ABUSE; SURVEILLANCE; LOCATIONS; ALCOHOL; OPIATES; RISK AB Purpose This study was conducted to determine how the recently reported increase in drug poisoning mortality rates in the United States varied by degree of urbanization. Although drug poisoning is traditionally seen as an urban problem, evidence suggested that at least one component of the recent increase, deaths involving opioid analgesics, was increasing more rapidly in rural areas. Methods The study compared age-adjusted unintentional and undetermined drug poisoning mortality rates between 1999 and 2004 from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) in each of six urban-rural categories. Results Unintentional and undetermined drug poisoning mortality rates rose 62% from 1999 to 2004. Metropolitan county rates rose 51 %, an increase of 2.66/100 000, while nonmetropolitan county rates rose 159%, an increase of 4.81/100 000. By 2004, metropolitan and nonmetropolitan drug poisoning rates had roughly equalized. In the narcotic drug category, which included heroin, cocaine, and opioid analgesics, the most urban ("large central metro") counties increased only 16% while the most rural ("noncore, nonmetropolitan") counties increased 248%. Heroin rates did not increase significantly for any urban-rural category. Cocaine rate increases were largest in nonmetropolitan counties. Opioid analgesic rate increases ranged from a low of 52% in large central metro counties to an increase of 371% in nonmetropolitan, noncore counties. Conclusions Prescription drugs have replaced heroin and cocaine as the leading drugs involved in fatal drug overdoses in all urban-rural categories. Fatal drug overdoses are no longer a predominantly urban phenomenon. National prevention efforts will have to shift to address nontraditional populations using nontraditional drugs. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Paulozzi, Leonard J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Xi, Yongli] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lbp4@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1053-8569 EI 1099-1557 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 10 BP 997 EP 1005 DI 10.1002/pds.1626 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 360YF UT WOS:000260094000007 PM 18512264 ER PT J AU Kwong, JC Stukel, TA Lim, J McGeer, AJ Upshur, REG Johansen, H Sambell, C Thompson, WW Thiruchelvam, D Marra, F Svenson, LW Manuel, DG AF Kwong, Jeffrey C. Stukel, Therese A. Lim, Jenny McGeer, Allison J. Upshur, Ross E. G. Johansen, Helen Sambell, Christie Thompson, William W. Thiruchelvam, Deva Marra, Fawziah Svenson, Lawrence W. Manuel, Douglas G. TI The Effect of Universal Influenza Immunization on Mortality and Health Care Use SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; IMPACT; POPULATION; PNEUMONIA; CHILDREN; ONTARIO; ADULTS; VIRUS AB Background In 2000, Ontario, Canada, initiated a universal influenza immunization program (UIIP) to provide free influenza vaccines for the entire population aged 6 mo or older. Influenza immunization increased more rapidly in younger age groups in Ontario compared to other Canadian provinces, which all maintained targeted immunization programs. We evaluated the effect of Ontario's UIIP on influenza-associated mortality, hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) use, and visits to doctors' offices. Methods and Findings Mortality and hospitalization data from 1997 to 2004 for all ten Canadian provinces were obtained from national datasets. Physician billing claims for visits to EDs and doctors' offices were obtained from provincial administrative datasets for four provinces with comprehensive data. Since outcomes coded as influenza are known to underestimate the true burden of influenza, we studied more broadly defined conditions. Hospitalizations, ED use, doctors' office visits for pneumonia and influenza, and all-cause mortality from 1997 to 2004 were modelled using Poisson regression, controlling for age, sex, province, influenza surveillance data, and temporal trends, and used to estimate the expected baseline outcome rates in the absence of influenza activity. The primary outcome was then defined as influenza-associated events, or the difference between the observed events and the expected baseline events. Changes in influenza-associated outcome rates before and after UIIP introduction in Ontario were compared to the corresponding changes in other provinces. After UIIP introduction, influenza-associated mortality decreased more in Ontario (relative rate [ RR] = 0.26) than in other provinces (RR = 0.43) (ratio of RRs = 0.61, p = 0.002). Similar differences between Ontario and other provinces were observed for influenza-associated hospitalizations (RR = 0.25 versus 0.44, ratio of RRs = 0.58, p < 0.001), ED use (RR = 0.31 versus 0.69, ratio of RRs = 0.45, p < 0.001), and doctors' office visits (RR = 0.21 versus 0.52, ratio of RRs = 0.41, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses were carried out to assess consistency, specificity, and the presence of a dose-response relationship. Limitations of this study include the ecological study design, the nonspecific outcomes, difficulty in modeling baseline events, data quality and availability, and the inability to control for potentially important confounders. Conclusions Compared to targeted programs in other provinces, introduction of universal vaccination in Ontario in 2000 was associated with relative reductions in influenza-associated mortality and health care use. The results of this large-scale natural experiment suggest that universal vaccination may be an effective public health measure for reducing the annual burden of influenza. C1 [Kwong, Jeffrey C.; Stukel, Therese A.; Lim, Jenny; Upshur, Ross E. G.; Thiruchelvam, Deva; Manuel, Douglas G.] Inst Clin Evaluat Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kwong, Jeffrey C.; Upshur, Ross E. G.; Manuel, Douglas G.] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kwong, Jeffrey C.; Upshur, Ross E. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Family & Community Med, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Stukel, Therese A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Evalut, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [McGeer, Allison J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [McGeer, Allison J.] Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. [Upshur, Ross E. G.] Sunnybrook Hlth Sci Ctr, Primary Care Res Unit, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. [Johansen, Helen] STAT Canada, Hlth Informat & Res Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Sambell, Christie] STAT Canada, Hlth Stat Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Thompson, William W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Marra, Fawziah] British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Svenson, Lawrence W.] Alberta Hlth & Wellness, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Svenson, Lawrence W.] Univ Alberta, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Svenson, Lawrence W.] Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Kwong, JC (reprint author), Inst Clin Evaluat Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM jeff.kwong@utoronto.ca RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014; OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137; Manuel, Doug/0000-0003-0912-0845; Svenson, Lawrence/0000-0002-3391-578X; Upshur, Ross/0000-0003-1128-0557 FU Public Health Agency of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Ontario Ministry of Health; Long-Term Care FX This study was supported by an operating grant from the Public Health Agency of Canada, a Fellowship Award (to JCK), a Canada Research Chair Award in Primary Care Research (to REGU), and a Chair in Applied Public Health (to DGM) from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and a Career Scientist Award from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (to DGM). The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) is supported in part by a grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, or Manitoba Health and Healthy Living. NR 48 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1440 EP 1452 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050211 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 365QY UT WOS:000260424100009 PM 18959473 ER PT J AU Bern, C Maguire, JH Alvar, J AF Bern, Caryn Maguire, James H. Alvar, Jorge TI Complexities of Assessing the Disease Burden Attributable to Leishmaniasis SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Review ID AZAR DERMAL LEISHMANIASIS; ANTHROPONOTIC CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; KALA-AZAR; EASTERN SUDAN; RISK-FACTORS; SOUTHERN SUDAN; BANGLADESHI COMMUNITY AB Among parasitic diseases, morbidity and mortality caused by leishmaniasis are surpassed only by malaria and lymphatic filariasis. However, estimation of the leishmaniasis disease burden is challenging, due to clinical and epidemiological diversity, marked geographic clustering, and lack of reliable data on incidence, duration, and impact of the various disease syndromes. Non-health effects such as impoverishment, disfigurement, and stigma add to the burden, and introduce further complexities. Leishmaniasis occurs globally, but has disproportionate impact in the Horn of Africa, South Asia and Brazil (for visceral leishmaniasis), and Latin America, Central Asia, and southwestern Asia (for cutaneous leishmaniasis). Disease characteristics and challenges for control are reviewed for each of these foci. We recommend review of reliable secondary data sources and collection of baseline active survey data to improve current disease burden estimates, plus the improvement or establishment of effective surveillance systems to monitor the impact of control efforts. C1 [Bern, Caryn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Maguire, James H.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Maguire, James H.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Alvar, Jorge] WHO, Leishmaniasis Control Program, Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis HTM NTD IDM, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CBern@cdc.gov NR 115 TC 143 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 2 IS 10 AR e313 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000313 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 385IL UT WOS:000261807800004 PM 18958165 ER PT J AU Schmid, K Keasey, SL Pittman, P Emerson, GL Meegan, J Tikhonov, AP Chen, GX Schweitzer, B Ulrich, RG AF Schmid, Kara Keasey, Sarah L. Pittman, Phillip Emerson, Ginny L. Meegan, James Tikhonov, Alexander P. Chen, Gengxin Schweitzer, Barry Ulrich, Robert G. TI Analysis of the human immune response to vaccinia by use of a novel protein microarray suggests that antibodies recognize less than 10% of the total viral proteome SO PROTEOMICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Antibody; Biomarker; Protein microarray; Vaccine; Vaccinia virus ID SMALLPOX VACCINATION; VIRUS; CELLS; GENES; EXPRESSION; ANTIGENS; ANKARA; MICE AB Control of smallpox by mass vaccination was one of the most effective public health measures ever employed for eradicating a devastating infectious disease. However, new methods are needed for monitoring smallpox immunity within current vulnerable populations, and for the development of replacement vaccines for use by immunocompromized or low-responding individuals. As a measure for achieving this goal, we developed a protein microarray of the vaccinia virus proteome by using high-throughput baculovirus expression and purification of individual elements. The array was validated with therapeutic-grade, human hyperimmune sera, and these data were compared to results obtained from individuals vaccinated against smallpox using Dryvax. A high level of reproducibility with a very low background were apparent in repetitive assays that confirmed previously reported antigens and identified new proteins that may be important for neutralizing viral infection. Our results suggest that proteins recognized by antibodies from all vaccinees constituted <10% of the total vaccinia proteome. C1 [Schmid, Kara; Keasey, Sarah L.; Ulrich, Robert G.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Pittman, Phillip] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Mil Vaccine Clin Res Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Emerson, Ginny L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Meegan, James] Invitrogen Fed Syst, Frederick, MD USA. [Tikhonov, Alexander P.; Chen, Gengxin; Schweitzer, Barry] Invitrogen Corp, Branford, CT USA. RP Ulrich, RG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM ulrich@ncifcrf.gov RI Tikhonov, Alexander/I-1453-2012 OI Tikhonov, Alexander/0000-0003-3808-9701 FU Joint Science and Technology Office [4.10017, W81XWH-05-2-0077] FX The authors acknowledge Peter Silvera (Southern Research Institute) for vaccinia neutralization assays, Shannon Beatty (Invitrogen Federal Systems) and Beverly Dyas (USA-MRIID), for technical contributions. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in the present article are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official U.S. Government position, policy, or decision unless so designated by other documentation. Funded by Joint Science and Technology Office contracts 4.10017 (R. G. U.) and W81XWH-05-2-0077 (J. M.). James Meegan, Alexander P. Tikhonov, Gengxin Chen, and Barry Schweitzer are employed by Invitrogen, a for-profit organization. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-8346 J9 PROTEOM CLIN APPL JI Proteom. Clin. Appl. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 2 IS 10-11 BP 1528 EP 1538 DI 10.1002/prca.200780113 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 362PG UT WOS:000260209000015 PM 21136800 ER PT J AU McQueen, DV AF McQueen, D. V. TI Self-reflections on health promotion in the UK and the USA SO PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Ottawa Charter; Evidence; Effectiveness; Translation AB Objectives: To compare and contrast the past 30-40 years of health promotion in the UK and the USA, and to identify two critical issues that relate to health promotion research and practice in both countries. Methods: Historiography and self-reflection. Conclusions: Although the USA and the UK share different histories of health promotion development, many of the critical issues that characterize the field are similar. Two issues are particularly notable: the concern with evidence; and the problem of translation of the science of health promotion to practice. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Institute of Public Health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McQueen, DV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford HWY NE K40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dvmcqueen@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0033-3506 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH JI Public Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 122 IS 10 BP 1035 EP 1037 DI 10.1016/j.puhe.2008.05.002 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 360CQ UT WOS:000260035000009 PM 18708236 ER PT J AU Dueger, EL Asturias, EJ Halsey, NA AF Dueger, Erica L. Asturias, Edwin J. Halsey, Neal A. CA Guatemala Pediat Bacterial Surveil TI Culture- and antigen-negative meningitis in Guatemalan children SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Viral meningitis; bacterial meningitis; aseptic meningitis; Guatemala ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; ACUTE BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS; PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; VIRAL MENINGITIS; CHILDHOOD MENINGITIS; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE AB Objective. To compare children with confirmed bacterial meningitis (CBM) and those with culture- and latex-negative meningitis (CLN). Methods. Children 1 to 59 months of age admitted to three major referral hospitals in Guatemala City with clinical signs compatible with bacterial infections were evaluated prospectively between 1 October 1996 and 31 December 2005. Bacterial cultures and latex agglutination antigen testing were performed on samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results. The case-fatality rate was significantly higher in the 493 children with CBM than in the 528 children with CLN (27.6% and 14.9%, respectively; P < 0.001). Children with CBM were less likely to have received antibiotics and more likely to have seizures, shock, or coma on admission than children with CLN. Among the 182 CBM survivors and 205 CLN survivors studied between October 2000 and December 2005, clinically observed sequelae were present at discharge in a higher percentage of the CBM than of the CLN group (78.6% and 46.8%, respectively; P < 0.0001). CSF glucose < 10 mg/dL, peripheral neutrophils < 2 000 cells/mm(3), coma or shock at admission, and concurrent sepsis or pneumonia were risk factors for mortality in children with CBM; only coma or shock at admission predicted mortality in children with CLN. Conclusions. The high case-fatality and sequelae rates suggest that many children with CLN may have had bacterial meningitis. Estimates based on confirmed meningitis alone underestimate the true vaccine-preventable disease burden. Additional studies to determine etiologies of CLN in this population are indicated. C1 [Dueger, Erica L.; Asturias, Edwin J.; Halsey, Neal A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Dueger, Erica L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emerging Infect Program, FPO, AE 09835 USA. RP Dueger, EL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Room W5041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM edueger@jhsph.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [K01 TW06659]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU021235-05] NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD OCT PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 248 EP 255 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 385EB UT WOS:000261795000004 PM 19133173 ER PT J AU Malave, MC Shah, D Sackoff, JE Rubin, S Begier, EM AF Malave, Maureen C. Shah, Dipal Sackoff, Judith E. Rubin, Steve Begier, Elizabeth M. TI Human immunodeficiency virus partner elicitation and notification in New York City: Public health does it better SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International AIDS Conference CY AUG 13-18, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA ID REFERRAL SERVICES; HIV; INFECTION AB Background: Partner notification (PN) is an effective strategy to identify undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and to likely reduce HIV transmission. Whereas published literature has documented the benefits of provider referral for HIV PN, determination of the optimal provider-health department staff or community clinician-has not been previously studied. This study examined whether PN conducted by New York City (NYC) Disease Intervention Specialists (DIS) is more successful than PN conducted by community clinicians. Methods: PN results overall and by index case-patient characteristics were compared for new HIV cases diagnosed in public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics versus those diagnosed in non-STD facilities. Results: In NYC in 2004, 206 new HIV cases were diagnosed in STD clinics and 3460 in non-STD facilities. STD DIS personnel elicited 4 times as many partners per case diagnosed (0.87 vs. 0.22, P < 0.01). Index case-patient characteristics differed between STD clinics and non-STD facilities, but STD DIS elicited more partners within all demographic and risk subgroups. Excluding partners previously HIV+, the proportion of partners notified was 70.9% for partners elicited by STD DIS and 48.3% for partners elicited by community clinicians (P < 0.01). Among tested partners with previously unknown or negative status, the proportion of new HIV diagnoses was similar between those elicited by DIS and community clinicians (27.0% vs. 22.2%, P = 0.56). Conclusions: NYC STD DIS appear to be more effective than community clinicians at both partner elicitation and notification. NYC has stationed DIS at large healthcare facilities to assist community clinicians with the PN process. C1 [Malave, Maureen C.; Shah, Dipal; Sackoff, Judith E.; Begier, Elizabeth M.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur HIV AIDS Prevent & Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Rubin, Steve] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Rubin, Steve] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Malave, MC (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur HIV AIDS Prevent & Control, 40 Worth St,1513 CN-A-1, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM mmalave@health.nyc.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 35 IS 10 BP 869 EP 876 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31817d2f82 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 360NB UT WOS:000260063100008 PM 18641535 ER PT J AU Whitehead, SJ Leelawiwat, W Jeeyapant, S Chaikummao, S Papp, J Kilmarx, PH Markowitz, LE Tappero, JW Chaowanachan, T Uthaivoravit, W van Griensven, F AF Whitehead, Sara J. Leelawiwat, Wanna Jeeyapant, Supaporn Chaikummao, Supaporn Papp, John Kilmarx, Peter H. Markowitz, Lauri E. Tappero, Jordan W. Chaowanachan, Thanyanan Uthaivoravit, Wat van Griensven, Frits TI Increase in sexual risk behavior and prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among adolescents in Northern Thailand SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NONINVASIVE SPECIMEN COLLECTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; DRUG-USE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; HIV AB Background: Monitoring changes in adolescent sexual risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections is critical for evaluating the effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus and other prevention programs, but population-based data on adolescents in Thailand are limited. We report findings from 2 cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1999 and 2002 among 15-to 21-year-old vocational students. Methods: In 1999 and 2002, 1725 and 966 students, respectively, were interviewed using computer-assisted self-interview methods. Urine samples were collected and tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by polymerase chain reaction. Results: From 1999 to 2002 C. trachomatis prevalence increased from 3.2% to 7.5% (P < 0.001) in women and from 2.5% to 6.0% (P < 0.001) in men. There was an increase in the reported mean lifetime number of steady sexual partners among both men (3.4-4.7, P = 0.01) and women (2.5-3.3, P < 0.001), and in the mean lifetime number of casual partners among men (1.1-2.1, P < 0.001) and women (0.3-1.1, P = 0.04). Reported consistent condom use decreased significantly among women with casual partners (43%-19%, P = 0.03) but not among men (25%-31%, P = 0.31). Conclusions: Our study identified important increases in the prevalence of chlamydial infection and in sexual risk behaviors among Thai adolescents over a 3-year period. These findings are consistent with other studies suggesting profound social changes are changing norms of adolescent sexual behavior in Thailand, and highlight the need for adolescent sexual health services and prevention programming. C1 [Whitehead, Sara J.; Leelawiwat, Wanna; Jeeyapant, Supaporn; Chaikummao, Supaporn; van Griensven, Frits] US CDC Collaborat, Thailand MOPH, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [Whitehead, Sara J.; Papp, John; Kilmarx, Peter H.; Markowitz, Lauri E.; Tappero, Jordan W.; Chaowanachan, Thanyanan; van Griensven, Frits] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Uthaivoravit, Wat] Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Whitehead, SJ (reprint author), US CDC Collaborat, Thailand MOPH, POB 139, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM svw7@th.cdc.gov RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013; OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843; Kilmarx, Peter/0000-0001-6464-3345 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Supported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 35 IS 10 BP 883 EP 888 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31817bbc9a PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 360NB UT WOS:000260063100010 PM 18580819 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Blanchard, J Lipshutz, J AF Aral, Sevgi O. Blanchard, James Lipshutz, Judy TI STD/HIV prevention intervention: efficacy, effectiveness and population impact SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MALE CIRCUMCISION; HIV PREVENTION; DOUBLE-BLIND; HEALTH; INFECTION; WOMEN; MEN C1 [Aral, Sevgi O.; Lipshutz, Judy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Blanchard, James] Natl Collaborating Ctr Infect Dis, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM saral@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 84 SU 2 BP II1 EP II3 DI 10.1136/sti.2008.033613 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 348XW UT WOS:000259244400001 PM 18799485 ER PT J AU Lessa, F Leparc, GF Benson, K Sanderson, R Van Beneden, CA Shewmaker, PL Jensen, B Arduino, MJ Kuehnert, MJ AF Lessa, Fernanda Leparc, German F. Benson, Kaaron Sanderson, Roger Van Beneden, Chris A. Shewmaker, Patricia L. Jensen, Bette Arduino, Matthew J. Kuehnert, Matthew J. TI Fatal group C streptococcal infection due to transfusion of a bacterially contaminated pooled platelet unit despite routine bacterial culture screening SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; LANCEFIELD GROUP-C; APHERESIS PLATELETS; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; RESIDUAL RISK; BLOOD; EQUISIMILIS; PHARYNGITIS AB BACKGROUND: An elderly man with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia developed respiratory distress and died less than 48 hours after transfusion of a pool of eight whole blood-derived platelets (PLTs). Blood cultures from the recipient and cultures of remnants from the pooled PLT bag grew group C streptococci (GCS). An investigation was conducted to identify both the infection's source and the reasons for the false-negative screening result. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Red blood cell (RBC) units (cocomponent from the eight donations) were traced, quarantined, and cultured. Specimens from the implicated donor were obtained. Isolates were identified and typed by 16S rRNA and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The blood center screening method was reviewed. RESULTS: beta-Hemolytic GCS, cultured from 1 of 8 RBC units, linked the fatal case to a single donor. The donor's throat swab collected 20 days after donation was positive for the presence of GCS, identified as Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. Isolates from the recipient, RBC unit, residual PLTs, and donor's throat swab were indistinguishable by PFGE. The donor denied any symptoms of infection before or after donation. PLT bacterial screening at the blood center was performed using a commercially available bacterial detection system (BacT/ALERT, bioMerieux) with a threshold of 15 colony-forming units per bag. CONCLUSION: An asymptomatic donor was implicated as the source of GCS-contaminated PLTs. Current screening methods for PLTs are not sufficient to detect all bacterial contamination. Pooled PLTs are a particular challenge because the small volume of individual units places limits on culturing strategies. Improved detection of bacterial contamination of PLTs is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL USA. Florida Blood Serv, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Lessa, F (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM flessa@cdc.gov FU Office of Workforce and Career Development; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This investigation was supported by the Office of Workforce and Career Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 IS 10 BP 2177 EP 2183 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01802.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 358KG UT WOS:000259915100020 PM 18564393 ER PT J AU Sullivan, KM Mei, ZG Grummer-Strawn, L Parvanta, I AF Sullivan, Kevin M. Mei, Zuguo Grummer-Strawn, Laurence Parvanta, Ibrahim TI Haemoglobin adjustments to define anaemia SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE anaemia; haemoglobin; altitude; cigarette smoking; pregnancy ID CRITERIA; WHITES; BLACK AB Objective To provide researchers with an unambiguous definition of anaemia using haemoglobin. Methods Review of recommendations by expert groups and review of the literature. Results This report provides an unambiguous approach to haemoglobin adjustments to define anaemia using international criteria. When determining anaemia using haemoglobin, it is important to account for pregnancy, altitude, cigarette smoking, and possibly ethnicity after removing unlikely values. These haemoglobin adjustments are presented. Conclusion Recommendations for defining extreme haemoglobin values and for reporting anaemia and haemoglobin results are provided, and software programs to determine anaemia are described. C1 [Sullivan, Kevin M.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Sullivan, Kevin M.; Mei, Zuguo; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence; Parvanta, Ibrahim] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sullivan, KM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM cdckms@sph.emory.edu NR 12 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1267 EP 1271 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02143.x PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 358JW UT WOS:000259914100006 PM 18721184 ER PT J AU Hemhongsa, P Tasaneeyapan, T Swaddiwudhipong, W Danyuttapolchai, J Pisuttakoon, K Rienthong, S McCarthy, K Varma, MJ Whitmore, J Varma, JK AF Hemhongsa, Patjuban Tasaneeyapan, Theerawit Swaddiwudhipong, Witaya Danyuttapolchai, Junya Pisuttakoon, Kanoknart Rienthong, Somsak McCarthy, Kimberly Varma, Melissa J. Whitmore, Jacqueline Varma, Jay K. TI TB, HIV-associated TB and multidrug-resistant TB on Thailand's border with Myanmar, 2006-2007 SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; Thailand; Myanmar; default; HIV/AIDS; multidrug-resistant tuberculosis AB Objective To measure the burden and improve management of tuberculosis (TB), HIV-associated TB and MDR TB in Tak Province, Thailand, which borders Myanmar. Methods From September 2006 to August 2007, we collected uniform data about TB cases and enhanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counselling and testing. We provided mycobacterial culture and drug-susceptibility testing in public or non-governmental organization facilities. Patients were classified by nationality and, for non-Thais, by migration status. Results Of 1662 TB cases in the 12-month period, 1087 (65%) occurred in non-Thais. Of non-Thais, 415 (38%) lived in Myanmar but crossed the border for healthcare. HIV infection was diagnosed in 18% of Thais compared with 12% of non-Thais (P < 0.01); HIV status was unknown for 22% of Thais and 27% of non-Thais (P = 0.02). Overall, multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB was diagnosed in 27 patients, 19 (70%) in non-Thais. Among TB cases never previously treated for TB, no MDR cases were diagnosed in Thais or in Myanmar refugees, but six cases were diagnosed in migrants from Myanmar. Conclusions In Thailand, TB, HIV-associated TB and MDR TB in migrants from Myanmar are important public health problems; they need to be resolved in both the countries. C1 [Hemhongsa, Patjuban] Tak Prov Publ Hlth Off, Tak, Thailand. [Tasaneeyapan, Theerawit; Danyuttapolchai, Junya; Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Swaddiwudhipong, Witaya; Pisuttakoon, Kanoknart] Mae Sot Gen Hosp, Mae Sot, Thailand. [Rienthong, Somsak] Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [McCarthy, Kimberly; Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Varma, Melissa J.; Whitmore, Jacqueline] Int Org Migrat, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Varma, JK (reprint author), CDC Sect US Embassy Beijing, PSC 461,Box 50, FPO, AP 96521 USA. EM jvarma@cdc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC); US Agency for International Development (USAID) FX We thank the Thailand office of Medecins Sans Frontieres - France for their collaboration, advice and assistance with data collection. This project was supported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC) and US Agency for International Development (USAID). Some authors from this publication are employed by the US CDC and the work was carried out as part of their official duties. USAID was not involved in the design, analysis or writing of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of US CDC. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1288 EP 1296 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02139.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 358JW UT WOS:000259914100010 PM 18721186 ER PT J AU van Eijk, AM Adazu, K Ofware, P Vulule, J Hamel, M Slutsker, L AF van Eijk, A. M. Adazu, K. Ofware, P. Vulule, J. Hamel, M. Slutsker, L. TI Causes of deaths using verbal autopsy among adolescents and adults in rural western Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE verbal autopsy; adults; HIV; tuberculosis; Kenya ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; MORTALITY; VALIDATION; HIV; MULTICENTER; INDIA; INTERVENTIONS; POPULATION; ZIMBABWE; DISEASES AB Objective To establish causes and patterns of deaths among adolescents and adults (age > 11 years) using verbal autopsy (VA) in a rural area of western Kenya where malaria and HIV are common. Methods Village reporters reported all deaths in Asembo and Gem (population 135 000), an area under routine demographic surveillance. After an interval of >= 1 month, a trained interviewer used a structured questionnaire to ask the caretaker about signs and symptoms that preceded death. Three clinical officers independently reviewed the interviews and assigned two unranked causes of death; a common cause was designated as the cause of death. Results In 2003, 1816 deaths were reported from residents; 48% were male and 72% were between 20 and 64 years of age. Most residents (97%) were ill before death, with 60% of illnesses lasting more than 2 months; 87% died at home. Care was sought by 96%; a health facility was the most common source, visited by 73%. For 1759 persons (97%), a common cause of death was designated. Overall, 74% of deaths were attributed to infectious causes. HIV (32%) and tuberculosis (TB) (16%) were the most frequent, followed by malaria, respiratory infections, anaemia and diarrhoeal disease (approximately 6% each). Death in a health facility was associated with young age, higher education, higher SES, a non-infectious disease cause and a shorter duration of illness. Conclusion In this area, the majority of adult and adolescent deaths were attributed to potentially preventable infectious diseases. Deaths in health facilities were not representative of deaths in the community. Programmes to prevent HIV and TB infection and to decrease mortality have started. Their impact can be evaluated against this baseline information. C1 [van Eijk, A. M.; Adazu, K.; Ofware, P.; Vulule, J.] Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. [van Eijk, A. M.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Hamel, M.; Slutsker, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van Eijk, AM (reprint author), 172 Herbert Chitepo Rd, Harare, Zimbabwe. EM vaneijka@zimcdc.co.zw FU KEMRI FX We thank the respondents for their help in collecting this information, and all the staff for helping to collect and process it. We acknowledge the help of John Arudo, Amek Nyaguara, Kim Lindblade, Dan Rosen and Kayla Laserson. We thank the director of KEMRI for support. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1314 EP 1324 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02136.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 358JW UT WOS:000259914100013 PM 18721187 ER PT J AU Apperson, CS Engber, B Nicholson, WL Mead, DG Engel, J Yabsley, MJ Dail, K Johnson, J Watson, DW AF Apperson, Charles S. Engber, Barry Nicholson, William L. Mead, Daniel G. Engel, Jeffrey Yabsley, Michael J. Dail, Kathy Johnson, Joey Watson, D. Wesley TI Tick-Borne Diseases in North Carolina: Is "Rickettsia amblyommii" a Possible Cause of Rickettsiosis Reported as Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever? SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Amblyomma americanum; lone star tick; spotted fever group rickettsiae; "Rickettsia amblyommii"; Rickettsia rickettsii; Ehrlichia chaffeensis ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS; UNITED-STATES; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; AMERICANUM ACARI; INFECTION; BORRELIA; AGENT; BITE; ASSOCIATION AB Cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in North Carolina have escalated markedly since 2000. In 2005, we identified a county in the Piedmont region with high case numbers of RMSF. We collected ticks and examined them for bacterial pathogens using molecular methods to determine if a novel tick vector or spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) might be emerging. Amblyomma americanum, the lone star tick, comprised 99.6% of 6,502 specimens collected in suburban landscapes. In contrast, Dermacentor variabilis, the American dog tick, a principal vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, comprised < 1% of the ticks collected. Eleven of 25 lone star tick pools tested were infected with "Rickettsia amblyommii," an informally named SFGR. Sera from patients from the same county who were presumptively diagnosed by local physicians with a tick-borne illness were tested by an indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay to confirm clinical diagnoses. Three of six patients classified as probable RMSF cases demonstrated a fourfold or greater rise in IgG class antibody titers between paired acute and convalescent sera to "R. amblyommii" antigens, but not to R. rickettsii antigens. White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, are preferred hosts of lone star ticks. Blood samples collected from hunter-killed deer from the same county were tested by IFA test for antibodies to Ehrlichia chaffeensis and "R. amblyommii." Twenty-eight (87%) of 32 deer were positive for antibodies to E. chaffeensis, but only 1 (3%) of the deer exhibited antibodies to "R. amblyommii," suggesting that deer are not the source of "R. amblyommii" infection for lone star ticks. We propose that some cases of rickettsiosis reported as RMSF may have been caused by "R. amblyommii" transmitted through the bite of A. americanum. C1 [Apperson, Charles S.; Watson, D. Wesley] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Engber, Barry] Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Publ Hlth Pest Management Sect, Raleigh, NC 27611 USA. [Nicholson, William L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mead, Daniel G.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Engel, Jeffrey; Dail, Kathy; Johnson, Joey] N Carolina State Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Apperson, CS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Box 7647, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM charles_apperson@ncsu.edu RI Mead, Daniel/F-7501-2013 NR 41 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 21 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0271 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 360MT UT WOS:000260062300002 PM 18447622 ER PT J AU Schneider, BS Schriefer, ME Dietrich, G Dolan, MC Morshed, MG Zeidner, NS AF Schneider, Bradley S. Schriefer, Martin E. Dietrich, Gabrielle Dolan, Marc C. Morshed, Muhammad G. Zeidner, Nordin S. TI Borrelia bissettii Isolates Induce Pathology in a Murine Model of Disease SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Borrelia; Ixodes; Lyme disease; Tick(s); Vector-borne ID BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; OUTER-SURFACE-PROTEIN; LYME-DISEASE; IXODES-SPINIPALPIS; GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; NORTHERN COLORADO; BABESIA-MICROTI; UNITED-STATES; TICKS; SPIROCHETE AB The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is a tick-borne pathogen that causes Lyme disease. Although B. burgdorferi sensu lato is a diverse group of bacteria, only three genospecies, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii, are known to be pathogenic and commonly recognized to cause human disease. To assess the potential of another common genospecies, Borrelia bissettii, to induce disease, a mouse model was employed. Two Colorado isolates of B. bissettii (CO-Bb) induced lesions of the bladder, heart, and femorotibial joint 8 weeks after inoculation into mice. In contrast, two British Columbia (BC-Bb) isolates, could not be cultured or amplified by PCR from target organs, and did not induce lesions. Consistent with pathology and culture results, the antibody response in mice to BC-Bb was minimal compared to CO-Bb, indicating either transient localized infection or rapid immune clearance of BC-Bb. Although sequence analysis of the rrf (5S)-rrl (23S) intergenic spacer region indicated 99% homology between CO-Bb and BC-Bb, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis indicated five distinct protein differences between these low-passage isolates. These studies support the prospect that B. bissettii may indeed be the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis cases in Eastern Europe, associated with the atypical Borrelia strain 25015, and in other regions. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that B. bissettii can induce pathology in a vertebrate host. C1 [Schneider, Bradley S.; Schriefer, Martin E.; Dietrich, Gabrielle; Dolan, Marc C.; Zeidner, Nordin S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Morshed, Muhammad G.] Univ British Columbia, BC Ctr Dis Control, Lab Serv, Zoonot Dis & Emerging Pathogens Sect, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada. [Morshed, Muhammad G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada. RP Schneider, BS (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Dept Parasitol, Unites Reponses Precoces Parasites & Immunopathol, 28 Rue Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris 15, France. EM bradley.schneider@pasteur.fr OI Schneider, Bradley S/0000-0001-7642-0018 FU Pasteur Foundation, New York, NY FX The authors thank Keerthi Fernando, BC-CDC, and Craig Sampson and Darla Severin, CDC, for expert laboratory assistance; Robert Mann, BCCDC, for his support in the field; and Quantine Wong, BCCDC, for assistance in tick identification. The Pasteur Foundation, New York, NY, currently funds B. S. Schneider. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 623 EP 633 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0251 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 360MT UT WOS:000260062300005 PM 18454594 ER PT J AU Scipioni, A Mauroy, A Vinje, J Thiry, E AF Scipioni, A. Mauroy, A. Vinje, J. Thiry, E. TI Animal noroviruses SO VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Norovirus; Calicivirus; Animal; Zoonosis ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; BLOOD GROUP ANTIGEN; BOVINE ENTERIC CALICIVIRUSES; INFECTIOUS NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; CAPSID PROTEIN FORMS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FELINE CALICIVIRUS AB Among enteric caliciviruses, noroviruses belong to the genus Norouirus, one of the four accepted genera in the family Caliciviridae. These single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses are highly variable both genetically and antigenically. Several animal enteric caliciviruses that are morphologically indistinguishable and genetically closely related to human noroviruses have been identified. The first bovine enteric noroviruses were described in Great Britain and are known as Newbury Agent 2. At least three genetic clusters of porcine noroviruses join together within genogroup II noroviruses. Human noroviruses are the most important cause of acute gastroenteritis illness in people of all ages. In the USA, they are associated with approximately 30-50% of all food-borne outbreaks. Until now, noroviruses have not been associated with gastroenteritis outbreaks in immunocompetent animals. Neither bovine nor porcine noroviruses can replicate in cell culture, although human norovirus can grow in a complex 3D culture system. However, the recently discovered murine noroviruses can replicate in cell culture and are therefore used as model viruses to study human noroviruses. This review focusses on virus classification, virion structure, pathogenesis, epidemiology, immune response and diagnosis of animal noroviruses in comparison with human noroviruses. The classification of animal enteric caliciviruses within the Norovirus genus raises the question of whether transmission from an animal reservoir to humans could occur. Answering this question is important in determining the risk of cross-species infections affecting the epidemiology and evolution of these viruses and so complicating the control of human norovirus infections. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Scipioni, A.; Mauroy, A.; Thiry, E.] Univ Liege, Fac Vet Med, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Vinje, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Calicivirus Lab, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thiry, E (reprint author), Univ Liege, Fac Vet Med, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. EM etienne.thiry@ulg.ae.be OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 FU SPF (Sante Publique, Securite de la Chaine Alimentaire et Environnement) [RF6185]; Belgian Science Policy - Science for a Sustainable Development (SSD) [SD/AF/01]; Region Wallonne [415701]; University of Liege FX This work was supported in part by SPF (Sante Publique, Securite de la Chaine Alimentaire et Environnement) (RF6185), by Belgian Science Policy - Science for a Sustainable Development (SSD) (SD/AF/01), by the Region Wallonne (415701) and the University of Liege. The authors thank Jennifer Cannon for her careful reading of the script. NR 175 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1090-0233 J9 VET J JI Vet. J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 178 IS 1 BP 32 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.11.012 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 358SC UT WOS:000259936800006 PM 18294883 ER PT J AU Shahmahmoodi, S Parvaneh, N Burns, C Asghar, H Mamishi, S Tabatabaie, H Chen, Q Teimourian, S Gooya, MM Esteghamati, AR Mousavi, T Yousefi, M Farrokhi, K Mashlool, M Kew, O Nategh, R AF Shahmahmoodi, Shohreh Parvaneh, Nima Burns, Cara Asghar, Humayun Mamishi, Setareh Tabatabaie, Hamideh Chen, Qi Teimourian, Shahram Gooya, Mohammad Mehdi Esteghamati, Abdol-Reza Mousavi, Taha Yousefi, Maryam Farrokhi, Kobra Mashlool, Maryam Kew, Olen Nategh, Rakhshandeh TI Isolation of a type 3 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) from an Iranian child with X-linked agammaglobulinemia SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vaccine-derived poliovirus; VDPV; X-linked agammaglobulinemia; Iran ID IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; DEOXYINOSINE RESIDUES; ATTENUATION PHENOTYPE; CODON DEGENERACY; VIRUS EXCRETION; UNITED-STATES; MIXED-BASE; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION AB Type 3 immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived polioviruses (iVDPVs) were isolated from a 15-month-old Iranian boy with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) who was subsequently diagnosed with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). VP1 nucleotide sequences of the two isolates differed from Sabin 3 by 2.0% and 2.1% and from each other by 0.6%. Although the key determinant of attenuation and temperature sensitivity in the 5'-untranslated region (U(472)-> C) had reverted, a second capsid-region determinant (VP3:Phe(091)) was unchanged, but a presumptive suppressor (VP1:Ala(054)-> Val) was found. The isolates were Sabin 3/Sabin I recombinants, sharing a single recombination breakpoint in the 2C region. Although the two isolates were antigenically distinct from Sabin 3, only one amino acid replacement was found in the neutralizing antigenic sites (VP3:Ser(059)-> Asn in site 3). The patient was placed on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy within 9 days of onset of AFP, and iVDPV excretion ceased thereafter, but the patient remained severely paralyzed until his death similar to 11 months after paralysis. No secondary AFP cases were found, and none of the seven tested contacts of the patient were found to be infected with poliovirus. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Parvaneh, Nima; Mamishi, Setareh; Teimourian, Shahram] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Childrens Med Ctr, Infect Dis Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tehran 14194, Iran. [Shahmahmoodi, Shohreh; Tabatabaie, Hamideh; Yousefi, Maryam; Farrokhi, Kobra; Nategh, Rakhshandeh] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Natl Polio Lab, Tehran 11344, Iran. [Shahmahmoodi, Shohreh; Tabatabaie, Hamideh; Yousefi, Maryam; Farrokhi, Kobra; Nategh, Rakhshandeh] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Publ Hlth Res Inst, Tehran 11344, Iran. [Burns, Cara; Chen, Qi; Kew, Olen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Asghar, Humayun] WHO, Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo 11371, Egypt. [Gooya, Mohammad Mehdi; Esteghamati, Abdol-Reza; Mousavi, Taha; Mashlool, Maryam] Ctr Dis Control & Management, Minist Hlth, Tehran, Iran. RP Mamishi, S (reprint author), Univ Tehran Med Sci, Childrens Med Ctr, Infect Dis Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tehran 14194, Iran. EM smamishi@sina.tums.ac.ir FU WHO; School of Public Health; Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran FX We thank Iran National Polio Laboratory staff; Center for Disease Control and Management, Ministry of Health, Iran; Barbara Anderson, Naomi Dybdahl-Sissoko, Annelet Vincent, and AJ. Williams, CDC-Atlanta; and the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region Office (EMRO) for their kind assistance in this study. The work performed in the Iran National Polio Laboratory was financially supported by WHO and the School of Public Health and the Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 168 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.07.006 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 356BD UT WOS:000259752800024 PM 18674576 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JH Wilson, T Harris, S Bacon, RM Shapiro, S Trevino, I Sinclair, J Galland, G Marano, N AF McQuiston, J. H. Wilson, T. Harris, S. Bacon, R. M. Shapiro, S. Trevino, I. Sinclair, J. Galland, G. Marano, N. TI Importation of dogs into the United States: Risks from rabies and other zoonotic diseases SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE zoonosis; rabies; importation; dog; cat; ferret ID TICKS AB The importation of dogs into the United States poses a risk for the introduction of rabies and other zoonotic diseases. Federal regulations (42 CFR 71.51) currently require proof of valid rabies vaccination for imported dogs, but allow the importation of some unvaccinated dogs, including dogs less than 3 months of age, provided certain requirements for confinement are met until the dog is vaccinated. Although there are no accurate surveillance data on the number of dogs imported each year, it is estimated based on extrapolated data that over 287 000 dogs were imported into the United States during 2006. Of these, approximately 25% were either too young to be vaccinated or lacked proof of valid rabies vaccination. Import trends suggest that an increasing number of unvaccinated puppies are being imported into the United States, many through commercial resale or rescue operations. Since 2004, foreign canine rabies virus variants have been documented in at least two imported puppies. Federal regulations are currently being reviewed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to determine if they can be updated to address current import trends and disease risks, such as requiring a health screen and valid rabies vaccinations for all dogs prior to entry. C1 [McQuiston, J. H.; Wilson, T.; Harris, S.; Bacon, R. M.; Shapiro, S.; Sinclair, J.; Galland, G.; Marano, N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. [Trevino, I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Off Career & Workforce Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McQuiston, JH (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmcquiston@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 55 IS 8-10 BP 421 EP 426 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01117.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 347OA UT WOS:000259149700007 PM 18833595 ER PT J AU Castrodale, L Walker, V Baldwin, J Hofmann, J Hanlon, C AF Castrodale, L. Walker, V. Baldwin, J. Hofmann, J. Hanlon, C. TI Rabies in a puppy imported from India to the USA, March 2007 SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE canine rabies; importation; Alaska; Washington; veterinarians; interstate transport AB In March 2007, a puppy that was recently imported from India into the United States was found to be positive for rabies by the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services. This case report highlights several important public health issues. First, recognizing that humans and animals are part of a global community with frequent travel and translocation, the risks of disease introduction, particularly with sub-clinical or incubating animals, are real and present. Animal-importation regulations, policies and practices are intended to minimize these risks and should be routinely evaluated and updated as needed in response to occurrences such as detailed in this communication. Second, veterinarians play key roles in safeguarding the public's health with regard to monitoring the movement of animals and diagnosing zoonoses. Third, investigating rabies cases that involve multiple jurisdictions are labour-intensive and require significant resources to ensure that all potentially exposed persons are identified and receive the appropriate rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. C1 [Castrodale, L.] Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Walker, V.] Walker Vet Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Baldwin, J.] Jefferson Cty Publ Hlth, Port Townsend, WA USA. [Hofmann, J.] Washington Dept Hlth, Shoreline, WA USA. [Hanlon, C.] Kansas State Vet Diagnost Lab, Rabies Lab, Manhattan, KS USA. [Hanlon, C.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Castrodale, L (reprint author), Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, 3601 C St,Suite 540, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM louisa.castrodale@alaska.gov NR 10 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 55 IS 8-10 BP 427 EP 430 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01107.x PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 347OA UT WOS:000259149700008 PM 18833596 ER PT J AU Gould, LH Pape, J Ettestad, P Griffith, KS Mead, PS AF Gould, L. Hannah Pape, J. Ettestad, P. Griffith, K. S. Mead, P. S. TI Dog-associated risk factors for human plague SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE plague; fleas; animals; domestic; zoonoses ID YERSINIA-PESTIS; BUBONIC PLAGUE; UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; SIPHONAPTERA; INFECTION; EXPOSURE AB Plague is a rare but often fatal zoonosis endemic to the western United States. Previous studies have identified contact with pets as a potential risk factor for infection. We conducted a matched case-control study to better define the risks associated with pets at both the household and individual levels. Using a written questionnaire, we surveyed nine surviving plague patients, 12 household members of these patients, and 30 age- and neighbourhood-matched controls about household and individual exposures. Overall, 79% of households had at least one dog, 59% had at least one cat and 33% used flea control, with no significant differences between case and control households. Four (44%) case households reported having a sick dog versus no (0%) control households [matched odds ratio, (mOR) 18.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-infinity], and four (44%) patients reported sleeping in the same bed with a pet dog versus three (10%) controls (mOR 5.7, 95% CI 1.0-31.6). Within case households with multiple members, two (40%) of five patients slept with their dogs versus none (0%) of 12 healthy family members (P = 0.13). The exposures to cats were not significant. Sleeping in the same bed as a pet dog remained significantly associated with infection in a multivariate logistic regression model (P = 0.046). Our findings suggest that dogs may facilitate the transfer of fleas into the home and that activities with close extended contacts with dogs may increase the risk of plague infection. C1 [Gould, L. Hannah; Griffith, K. S.; Mead, P. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Pape, J.] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Ettestad, P.] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Gould, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lgould@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 55 IS 8-10 BP 448 EP 454 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01132.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 347OA UT WOS:000259149700012 PM 18489541 ER PT J AU Fuller, CC Jawahir, SL Leano, FT Bidol, SA Signs, K Davis, C Holmes, Y Morgan, J Teltow, G Jones, B Sexton, RB Davis, GL Braden, CR Patel, NJ Deasy, MP Smith, KE AF Fuller, C. C. Jawahir, S. L. Leano, F. T. Bidol, S. A. Signs, K. Davis, C. Holmes, Y. Morgan, J. Teltow, G. Jones, B. Sexton, R. B. Davis, G. L. Braden, C. R. Patel, N. J. Deasy, M. P., III Smith, K. E. TI A multi-state Salmonella typhimurium outbreak associated with frozen vacuum-packed rodents used to feed snakes SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Salmonella Typhimurium; frozen rodents; reptiles; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ID REPTILE-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS; ENTERICA SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM; UNITED-STATES; PET RODENTS; CHILDREN; INFECTIONS; IGUANAS; ILLNESS; MMWR AB From December 2005 through January 2006, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) identified four human clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium that were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). During routine interviews, three of the cases reported attending the same junior high school and two handled snakes in the science classroom. MDH collected environmental samples from the school's science classroom for Salmonella culturing; these included environmental samples and frozen vacuum-packed mice purchased over the internet to feed the classroom snakes. Through PulseNet, a national molecular subtyping surveillance network for enteric bacteria, 21 human S. Typhimurium isolates with indistinguishable PFGE patterns were identified in the United States since December 2005. Each state determined whether these human cases had recent exposure to snakes fed vacuum-packed rodents. Texas state officials conducted tracebacks of the vacuum-packed mice and collected samples at the breeding facility. Nineteen of 21 cases were interviewed, and seven reported contact with frozen vacuum-packed rodents from the same internet-based supplier in Texas. In Minnesota, the outbreak PFGE subtype of S. Typhimurium was isolated from the snakes, frozen feed rodents, and the classroom environment. Three human cases were identified in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wyoming. The outbreak PFGE subtype of S. Typhimurium was isolated from the Pennsylvania case's frozen rodents and the Michigan case's pet snake. The outbreak PFGE subtype of S. Typhimurium was also isolated from the supplier's rodent facility. This was a S. Typhimurium outbreak associated with frozen rodents. Human transmission likely occurred through direct contact with snakes and contaminated environmental surfaces. This report represents the second recent multi-state salmonellosis outbreak associated with commercially distributed rodents. Stronger oversight of the commercial rodent industry is warranted. C1 [Fuller, C. C.; Smith, K. E.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. [Jawahir, S. L.; Leano, F. T.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, St Paul, MN USA. [Bidol, S. A.; Signs, K.] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Lansing, MI USA. [Davis, C.; Holmes, Y.; Morgan, J.; Teltow, G.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Temple, TX USA. [Jones, B.; Sexton, R. B.] Texas Feed & Fertilizer Control Serv, Off Texas State Chem, College Stn, TX USA. [Davis, G. L.] US FDA, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Braden, C. R.; Patel, N. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Deasy, M. P., III] Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. RP Fuller, CC (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, 625 Robert St N, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. EM Candace.Fuller@health.state.mn.us NR 30 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 55 IS 8-10 BP 481 EP 487 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01118.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 347OA UT WOS:000259149700016 PM 18833597 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ Marsh, LC AF Smith, Philip J. Marsh, Lawrence C. TI Evaluating assumptions of weighting class methods for partial response using a selection model SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE missing values; partial response; response propensity; selection bias; weighting class ID NONIGNORABLE NONRESPONSE; PROPENSITY SCORE; MISSING VALUES; REGRESSION; SENSITIVITY; IMPUTATION; DESIGN; BIAS AB In survey sampling, information about the prevalence of a health outcome Y for a defined target population is frequently obtained using a two-stage data collection process. In the first stage, households that have members of the target population are identified and socio-demographic data that are believed to be associated with Y are collected. At the end of the first stage of data collection, permission is requested to contact the member's health providers so that accurate information about Y can be obtained. When permission is obtained, a second phase of data collection is conducted in which those health providers are contacted and Y is obtained. A 'complete response' results when data are obtained from both the first and the second phases of the survey. A 'partial response' results when data are collected front the first phase, but Y is not obtained in the second phase. To adjust for selection bias in estimating the prevalence of Y caused by partial responders' missing Y values, potential differences between complete and partial responders are typically taken into account by using weighting class methods. These methods assume that missing Y values are missing at random (MAR). This paper describes statistical tests for evaluating whether missing data are missing completely at random or MAR. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Smith, Philip J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Marsh, Lawrence C.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Econ & Econometr, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Smith, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop E-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pzs6@cdc.hhs.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0277-6715 EI 1097-0258 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 30 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 22 BP 4569 EP 4580 DI 10.1002/sim.3304 PG 12 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 353EZ UT WOS:000259550200013 PM 18613216 ER PT J AU Yu, XC Tsibane, T McGraw, PA House, FS Keefer, CJ Hicar, MD Tumpey, TM Pappas, C Perrone, LA Martinez, O Stevens, J Wilson, IA Aguilar, PV Altschuler, EL Basler, CF Crowe, JE AF Yu, Xiaocong Tsibane, Tshidi McGraw, Patricia A. House, Frances S. Keefer, Christopher J. Hicar, Mark D. Tumpey, Terrence M. Pappas, Claudia Perrone, Lucy A. Martinez, Osvaldo Stevens, James Wilson, Ian A. Aguilar, Patricia V. Altschuler, Eric L. Basler, Christopher F. Crowe, James E., Jr. TI Neutralizing antibodies derived from the B cells of 1918 influenza pandemic survivors SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; SMALLPOX VACCINATION; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; PLASMA-CELLS; HEMAGGLUTININ; MEMORY; INFECTION; DURATION; ORIGIN AB Investigation of the human antibody response to influenza virus infection has been largely limited to serology, with relatively little analysis at the molecular level. The 1918 H1N1 influenza virus pandemic was the most severe of the modern era(1). Recent work has recovered the gene sequences of this unusual strain(2), so that the 1918 pandemic virus could be reconstituted to display its unique virulence phenotypes(3,4). However, little is known about adaptive immunity to this virus. We took advantage of the 1918 virus sequencing and the resultant production of recombinant 1918 haemagglutinin ( HA) protein antigen to characterize at the clonal level neutralizing antibodies induced by natural exposure of survivors to the 1918 pandemic virus. Here we show that of the 32 individuals tested that were born in or before 1915, each showed seroreactivity with the 1918 virus, nearly 90 years after the pandemic. Seven of the eight donor samples tested had circulating B cells that secreted antibodies that bound the 1918 HA. We isolated B cells from subjects and generated five monoclonal antibodies that showed potent neutralizing activity against 1918 virus from three separate donors. These antibodies also cross- reacted with the genetically similar HA of a 1930 swine H1N1 influenza strain, but did not cross- react with HAs of more contemporary human influenza viruses. The antibody genes had an unusually high degree of somatic mutation. The antibodies bound to the 1918 HA protein with high affinity, had exceptional virus- neutralizing potency and protected mice from lethal infection. Isolation of viruses that escaped inhibition suggested that the antibodies recognize classical antigenic sites on the HA surface. Thus, these studies demonstrate that survivors of the 1918 influenza pandemic possess highly functional, virus- neutralizing antibodies to this uniquely virulent virus, and that humans can sustain circulating B memory cells to viruses for many decades after exposure - well into the tenth decade of life. C1 [Yu, Xiaocong; McGraw, Patricia A.; House, Frances S.; Keefer, Christopher J.; Hicar, Mark D.; Crowe, James E., Jr.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Yu, Xiaocong; McGraw, Patricia A.; House, Frances S.; Keefer, Christopher J.; Hicar, Mark D.; Crowe, James E., Jr.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Tsibane, Tshidi; Pappas, Claudia; Martinez, Osvaldo; Aguilar, Patricia V.; Basler, Christopher F.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.; Pappas, Claudia; Perrone, Lucy A.; Stevens, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stevens, James; Wilson, Ian A.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Stevens, James; Wilson, Ian A.] Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Altschuler, Eric L.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Crowe, JE (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM altschel@umdnj.edu; Chris.Basler@mssm.edu; James.Crowe@vanderbilt.edu RI Crowe, James/B-5549-2009; OI Crowe, James/0000-0002-0049-1079; Martinez, Osvaldo/0000-0001-7335-4342 FU University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities; National Institutes of Health [U54 AI057157, CA55896, AI42266]; Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Emerging Infections and Biodefense [U19 AI057229]; Northeast Biodefense Center [U54 AI57158, U19 AI62623, AI057158]; Center for Investigating Viral Immunity and Antagonism [P01AI058113)] FX We thank L. Schoenherr, K. Sharma, L. Adams (supported by the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities), C. Dokes, C. Gaines, B. Butter and S. Rivera for assistance with subjects, and S. Yoder and B. Briney for sample preparation. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health to J. E. C. (U54 AI057157, Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Emerging Infections and Biodefense, and U19 AI057229), and C. F. B. (U54 AI57158, Northeast Biodefense Center, U19 AI62623, Center for Investigating Viral Immunity and Antagonism, and P01AI058113). I. A. W. and J. S. were supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (CA55896 and AI42266). P. V. A. was supported by a fellowship awarded by the Northeast Biodefense Center (AI057158). We thank P. Palese and A. Garcia- Sastre for advice and for providing H1N1 viruses, and M. Posner and L. Cavacini for the HMMA2.5 cell line. NR 30 TC 186 Z9 191 U1 6 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 25 PY 2008 VL 455 IS 7212 BP 532 EP U41 DI 10.1038/nature07231 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 351TU UT WOS:000259449600046 PM 18716625 ER PT J AU Counard, C Nimke, D Vernon, M Cohn, A AF Counard, C. Nimke, D. Vernon, M. Cohn, A. TI Use of mass Tdap vaccination to control an outbreak of pertussis in a high school - Cook County, Illinois, September 2006-January 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 796-799, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Counard, C.; Nimke, D.; Vernon, M.] Cook Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Oak Pk, IL 60303 USA. [Cohn, A.] CDC, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Counard, C (reprint author), Cook Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Oak Pk, IL 60303 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 24 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 12 BP 1404 EP 1406 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 351FR UT WOS:000259410400008 ER PT J AU Lindsey, NP Lehman, JA Staples, JE Komar, N Zielinski-Gutierrez, E Hayes, EB Nasci, RS Fischer, M Duffy, M AF Lindsey, N. P. Lehman, J. A. Staples, J. E. Komar, N. Zielinski-Gutierrez, E. Hayes, E. B. Nasci, R. S. Fischer, M. Duffy, M. TI West Nile Virus activity - United States, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 720-723, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Lindsey, N. P.; Lehman, J. A.; Staples, J. E.; Komar, N.; Zielinski-Gutierrez, E.; Hayes, E. B.; Nasci, R. S.; Fischer, M.] Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Duffy, M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lindsey, NP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 24 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 12 BP 1406 EP 1408 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 351FR UT WOS:000259410400009 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Denniston, M Mokotoff, E Buskin, S Broyles, S McNaghten, AD AF Sullivan, Patrick S. Denniston, Maxine Mokotoff, Eve Buskin, Susan Broyles, Stephanie McNaghten, A. D. TI Quality of Care for HIV Infection Provided by Ryan White Program-Supported versus Non-Ryan White Program-Supported Facilities SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLINICAL SURVEILLANCE; SERVICES AB Background: The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Care Act (now the Treatment Modernization Act; Ryan White Program, or RWP) is a source of federal public funding for HIV care in the United States. The Health Services and Resources Administration requires that facilities or providers who receive RWP funds ensure that HIV health services are accessible and delivered according to established HIV-related treatment guidelines. We used data from population-based samples of persons in care for HIV infection in three states to compare the quality of HIV care in facilities supported by the RWP, with facilities not supported by the RWP. Methodology/Principal Findings: Within each area (King County in Washington State; southern Louisiana; and Michigan), a probability sample of patients receiving care for HIV infection in 1998 was drawn. Based on medical records abstraction, information was collected on prescription of antiretroviral therapy according to treatment recommendations, prescription of prophylactic therapy, and provision of recommended vaccinations and screening tests. We calculated population-level estimates of the extent to which HIV care was provided according to then-current treatment guidelines in RWP-supported and non-RWP-supported facilities. For all treatment outcomes analyzed, the compliance with care guidelines was at least as good for patients who received care at RWP-supported (vs non-RWP supported) facilities. For some outcomes in some states, delivery of recommended care was significantly more common for patients receiving care in RWP-supported facilities: for example, in Louisiana, patients receiving care in RWP-supported facilities were more likely to receive indicated prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and Mycobacterium avium complex, and in all three states, women receiving care in RWP-supported facilities were more likely to have received an annual Pap smear. Conclusions/Significance: The quality of HIV care provided in 1998 to patients in RWP-supported facilities was of equivalent or better quality than in non-RWP supported facilities; however, there were significant opportunities for improvement in all facility types. Data from population-based clinical outcomes surveillance data can be used as part of a broader strategy to evaluate the quality of publicly-supported HIV care. C1 [Sullivan, Patrick S.; Denniston, Maxine; McNaghten, A. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick S.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Mokotoff, Eve] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Detroit, MI USA. [Buskin, Susan] Publ Hlth Seattle & King County, Seattle, WA USA. [Broyles, Stephanie] Louisiana Dept Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM patrick.sullivan@emory.edu RI Broyles, Stephanie/C-8647-2011; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This work and the effort of its authors was supported by a cooperative agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC authors conducted the analyses reported in this manuscript. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 22 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 9 AR e3250 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003250 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 422LY UT WOS:000264430800002 PM 18806878 ER PT J AU Stevens, J Blixt, O Chen, LM Donis, RO Paulson, JC Wilson, IA AF Stevens, James Blixt, Ola Chen, Li-Mei Donis, Ruben O. Paulson, James C. Wilson, Ian A. TI Recent avian H5N1 viruses exhibit increased propensity for acquiring human receptor specificity SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE influenza; glycan array; hemagglutinin; receptor specificity; H5N1 ID INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; BINDING SPECIFICITY; HEMAGGLUTININ; EVOLUTION; GLYCOSYLATION; VIRULENCE; CELLS; ASIA AB Adaptation of avian influenza viruses for replication and transmission in the human host is believed to require mutations in the hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) which enable binding to human alpha 2-6 sialosides and concomitant reduction in affinity for avian alpha 2-3 linked sialosides. Here, we show by glycan microarray analyses that the two mutations responsible for such specificity changes in 1957 H2N2 and 1968 H3N2 pandemic viruses, when inserted into recombinant HAs or intact viruses of some recent avian H5N1 isolates (clade 2.2), impart such attributes. This propensity to adapt to human receptors is primarily dependent on arginine at position 193 within the receptor-binding site, as well as loss of a vicinal glycosylation site. Widespread occurrence of these susceptible H5N1 clade 2.2 influenza strains has already occurred in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Thus, these avian strains should be considered high-risk, because of their significantly lower threshold for acquiring human receptor specificity and, therefore, warrant increased surveillance and further study. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stevens, James; Chen, Li-Mei; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Mol Virol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stevens, James; Blixt, Ola; Paulson, James C.; Wilson, Ian A.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blixt, Ola; Paulson, James C.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Physiol Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blixt, Ola; Paulson, James C.] Scripps Res Inst, Glycan Array Synth Core Consortium Funct Glyc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Wilson, Ian A.] Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Stevens, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Mol Virol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM james.stevens@cdc.hhs.gov; wilson@scripps.edu FU [A1058113]; [GM062116]; [GM060938]; [CA058896]; [AI42266] FX This work was supported by grants A1058113 (to I.A.W.), GM062116 (to J.C.P. and I.A.W.) and GM060938 (to J.C.P.), and partial support from CA058896 and AI42266 (to I.A.W.). Glycan microarrays were obtained from the Consortium for Functional Glycomics (funded by GM062116), and from the Centers for Disease Control that were produced for the CDC with the CFG glycan library. We thank Yumi Matsuoka and Terrence Tumpey (CDC) for virus cDNAs, and S. Ferguson and P. Carney (The Scripps Research Institute) for expert technical assistance. We thank the WHO Global Influenza Program Surveillance Network, as well as Triono Soendoro and Endang Sedyaningsih (National Institute of Health, Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia), Patrick Blair (NAMRU-2, Jakarta, Indonesia), the Ministry of Health and Population of Egypt, Kenneth Earhart and Marshall Monteville (NAMRU-3, Cairo, Egypt), for providing materials. This is publication 18709 from The Scripps Research Institute. Glycan microarray data presented here will be made available online through the Consortium for Functional Glycomics website upon publication. NR 41 TC 135 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP 19 PY 2008 VL 381 IS 5 BP 1382 EP 1394 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.04.016 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 347VJ UT WOS:000259169100023 PM 18672252 ER PT J CA CDC TI Cigarette use among high school students - United Sstates, 1991-2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 686-688, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 17 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 11 BP 1292 EP 1293 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 348ST UT WOS:000259231100013 ER PT J AU Aponte, JT Rivera, EG Stramer, S Casanova, R Foster, G Luce, R Tomashek, K Mohammed, H Sun, W Hunsperger, E Munoz-Jordan, JL Colon, C Vergne, E Verduin, M AF Torres Aponte, J. Garcia Rivera, E. Stramer, S. Casanova, R. Foster, G. Luce, R. Tomashek, K. Mohammed, H. Sun, W. Hunsperger, E. Munoz-Jordan, J. L. Colon, C. Vergne, E. Verduin, M. TI Detection of West Nile Virus in blood donations - Puerto Rico, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 577-580, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Torres Aponte, J.; Garcia Rivera, E.] Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, San Juan, PR USA. [Stramer, S.; Casanova, R.; Foster, G.] Amer Red Cross, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Luce, R.; Tomashek, K.; Mohammed, H.; Sun, W.; Hunsperger, E.; Munoz-Jordan, J. L.; Colon, C.; Vergne, E.; Verduin, M.] CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aponte, JT (reprint author), Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, San Juan, PR USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 17 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 11 BP 1293 EP 1294 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 348ST UT WOS:000259231100014 ER PT J AU Krishnaswamy, A Mensah, G Book, W McConnell, M Lyle, T Correa, A AF Krishnaswamy, A. Mensah, G. Book, W. McConnell, M. Lyle, T. Correa, A. TI Application of health informatics for global efforts: The care of adult congenital heart defects' surveillance SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT World Congress of Cardiology CY MAY 18-21, 2008 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP World Heart Federat, Argentine Soc Cardiol, Argentine Federat Cardiol C1 [Krishnaswamy, A.; Mensah, G.; Correa, A.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD SEP 16 PY 2008 VL 118 IS 12 BP E333 EP E333 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 348QK UT WOS:000259224800849 ER PT J AU Miranda, JJ Davies, AR Smith, GD Smeeth, L Cabrera, L Gilman, RH Garcia, HH Ortega, YR Cama, VA AF Miranda, J. J. Davies, A. R. Smith, G. Davey Smeeth, L. Cabrera, L. Gilman, R. H. Garcia, H. H. Ortega, Y. R. Cama, V. A. TI Frequency of diarrhoea as a predictor of elevated blood pressure in children SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT World Congress of Cardiology CY MAY 18-21, 2008 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP World Heart Federat, Argentine Soc Cardiol, Argentine Federat Cardiol C1 [Miranda, J. J.; Davies, A. R.; Smeeth, L.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Miranda, J. J.; Garcia, H. H.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Smith, G. Davey] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Cabrera, L.] Asociac Benef Proyectos Informat Salud Med & Agr, Lima, Peru. [Gilman, R. H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Garcia, H. H.] Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Lima, Peru. [Ortega, Y. R.] Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. [Cama, V. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Miranda, J. Jaime/A-8482-2008 OI Miranda, J. Jaime/0000-0002-4738-5468 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD SEP 16 PY 2008 VL 118 IS 12 BP E165 EP E165 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 348QK UT WOS:000259224800035 ER PT J AU Hollm-Delgado, MG Gilman, RH Bern, C Cabrera, L Sterling, CR Black, RE Checkley, W AF Hollm-Delgado, Maria-Graciela Gilman, Robert H. Bern, Caryn Cabrera, Lilia Sterling, Charles R. Black, Robert E. Checkley, William TI Lack of an adverse effect of Giardia intestinalis infection on the health of Peruvian children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE developing countries; diarrhea; Giardia lamblia; growth; natural history; Peru ID ISRAELI BEDOUIN INFANTS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ASYMPTOMATIC GIARDIASIS; PARASITIC INFECTIONS; LAMBLIA INFECTION; RURAL BANGLADESH; NATURAL-HISTORY; PHYSICAL GROWTH; DIARRHEA; CONSEQUENCES AB Giardia intestinalis is a common gastrointestinal protozoan worldwide, but its effects on childhood growth in developing countries are not clearly understood. The authors aimed to describe its effects on child growth. They followed 220 Peruvian children daily for diarrhea, weekly for stool samples, and monthly for anthropometry. The authors modeled the effect of nutritional status on the risk of Giardia infection and the risk of diarrhea attributable to Giardia using negative binomial regression. They modeled the effects of Giardia infection on growth using linear regression, with 85% of children becoming infected with Giardia and 87% of these becoming reinfected. In multivariable analysis, the risk of Giardia infection did not vary with weight for age (relative risk = 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.89, 1.12) or height for age (relative risk = 0.92, 95% confidence interval: 0.82, 1.04). Giardiasis did not affect growth at 1 or 2 months following the first infection at any age interval. The longitudinal prevalence of Giardia between 6 and 24 months of age was not associated with height gain in that interval (p = 0.981). Giardia was not associated with an increased risk of diarrhea at any age interval. Study results question the importance of Giardia as a childhood pathogen in developing countries where giardiasis is hyperendemic. C1 [Gilman, Robert H.; Black, Robert E.; Checkley, William] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Hollm-Delgado, Maria-Graciela] Univ Montreal, Dept Med Sociale & Prevent, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Gilman, Robert H.; Cabrera, Lilia; Checkley, William] Proyectos Informat Med Salud & Agr, Lima, Peru. [Bern, Caryn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sterling, Charles R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Checkley, W (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,E8546, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM wcheckl1@jhmi.edu OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984; Hollm-Delgado, Maria-Graciela/0000-0003-1067-8520 FU NICHD NIH HHS [F31 HD008488, F31-HD08488]; PHS HHS [U01-A135894] NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 6 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn177 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 344WY UT WOS:000258959200014 PM 18669932 ER PT J AU Waller, DK Correa, A Vo, TM Wang, Y Hobbs, C Langlois, PH Pearson, K Romitti, PA Shaw, GM Hecht, JT AF Waller, D. K. Correa, A. Vo, Tuan M. Wang, Y. Hobbs, C. Langlois, P. H. Pearson, K. Romitti, P. A. Shaw, G. M. Hecht, J. T. TI The population-based prevalence of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia in selected regions of the US SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE achondroplasia; thanatophoric dysplasia; prevalence; paternal age; population-based; birth defects monitoring programs ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR-3; SKELETAL DYSPLASIAS; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; FGFR3 GENE; MUTATIONS; HYPOCHONDROPLASIA; FREQUENCY AB There have been no large population-based studies of the prevalence of achondroplasia and thanatophroic dysplasia in the United States. This study comparecl data from seven population-based birth monitoring programs in the United States. We also present data on the association between older paternal age and these birth defects, which has been described in earlier studies. The prevalence of achondroplasia ranged from 0.36 to 0.60 per 10,000 livebirths (1/27,780-1/16,670 livebirths). The prevalence of thanatophoric dysplasia ranged from 0.21 to 0.30 per 10,000 livebirths (1/33,330-1/47,620 livebirths). In Texas, fathers that were 25-29, 30-34 35-39, and >= 40 years of age had significantly increased rates of de novo achondroplasia among their offspring compared with younger fathers. The adjusted prevalence odds ratios were 2.8 (95% CI; 1.2, 6.7), 2.8 (95% CI; 1.0, 7.6), 4.9 (95% CI; 1.7, 14.3), and 5.0 (95% CI; 1.5, 16.1), respectively. Using the same age categories, the crude prevalence odds ratios for de novo cases of thanatophoric dysplasia in Texas were 5.8 (95% CI; 1.7, 9.8), 3 9 (95% CI; 1.1, 6.7), 6.1 (95% CI; 1.6, 10.6), and 10.2 (95% CI; 2.6, 17.8), respectively. These data suggest that thanatophoric dysplasia is one-third to one-half as frequent as achondroplasia. The differences in the prevalence of these conditions across monitoring programs were consistent with random fluctuation. Birth defects monitoring programs may be 2 good source of ascertainment for population-based studies of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia, provided that diagnoses are confirmed by review of medical records. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Waller, D. K.; Hecht, J. T.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Correa, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vo, Tuan M.] Univ Med & Pharm Ho Chi Minh City, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Wang, Y.] New York State Dept Hlth, New York State Congenital Malformat Registry, Albany, NY USA. [Hobbs, C.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Birth Defects Res Sect, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Hobbs, C.] Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Langlois, P. H.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. [Pearson, K.] Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Oklahoma Birth Defects Registry, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Romitti, P. A.] Univ Iowa, Iowa Registry Congenital & Inherited Disorders, Iowa City, IA USA. [Shaw, G. M.] Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, March Dimes Birth Defect Fdn, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Waller, DK (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston Hlth Sci Ctr, 1200 Hermann Pressler Dr,Suite E-619, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kim.waller@uth.tmc.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CCU613232] FX Grant sponsor: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Grant number U50/CCU613232. NR 22 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4825 EI 1552-4833 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 146A IS 18 BP 2385 EP 2389 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32485 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 352FF UT WOS:000259480200011 PM 18698630 ER PT J AU Khan, K Navin, TR Courval, JM AF Khan, Kamran Navin, Thomas R. Courval, Jeanne M. TI Decline in prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection: Is the waning of tuberculin reaction a factor? Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES C1 [Khan, Kamran] Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst, Ctr Res Inner City Hlth,Keenan Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. [Navin, Thomas R.; Courval, Jeanne M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Courval, Jeanne M.] RTI Int, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Khan, K (reprint author), Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst, Ctr Res Inner City Hlth,Keenan Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 178 IS 6 BP 652 EP 653 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 347RL UT WOS:000259158600018 ER PT J AU Hettick, JM Green, BJ Buskirk, AD Kashon, ML Slaven, JE Janotka, E Blachere, FM Schmechel, D Beezhold, DH AF Hettick, Justin M. Green, Brett J. Buskirk, Amanda D. Kashon, Michael L. Slaven, James E. Janotka, Erika Blachere, Francoise M. Schmechel, Detlef Beezhold, Donald H. TI Discrimination of Aspergillus isolates at the species and strain level by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry fingerprinting SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MALDI; fingerprinting; fungi; Aspergillus; mass spectrometry ID INTACT MICROORGANISMS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; WHOLE CELLS; MALDI; BACTERIA; SPORES; MYCOBACTERIA; PENICILLIUM; DESORPTION; MS AB Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to generate highly reproducible mass spectral fingerprints for 12 species of fungi of the genus Aspergillus and 5 different strains of Aspergillus favus. Prior to MALDI-TOF MS analysis, the fungi were subjected to three 1-min bead beating cycles in an acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid solvent. The mass spectra contain abundant peaks in the range of 5 to 20 kDa and may be used to discriminate between species unambiguously. A discriminant analysis using all peaks from the MALDI-TOF MS data yielded error rates for classification of 0 and 18.75% for resubstitution and cross-validation methods, respectively. If a subset of 28 significant peaks is chosen, resubstitution and cross-validation error rates are 0%. Discriminant analysis of the MALDI-TOF MS data for 5 strains of A. flavus using all peaks yielded error rates for classification of 0 and 5% for resubstitution and cross-validation methods, respectively. These data indicate that MALDI-TOF MS data may be used for unambiguous identification of members of the genus Aspergillus at both the species and strain levels. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hettick, Justin M.; Green, Brett J.; Buskirk, Amanda D.; Kashon, Michael L.; Slaven, James E.; Janotka, Erika; Blachere, Francoise M.; Schmechel, Detlef; Beezhold, Donald H.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hettick, JM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jhettick@cdc.gov RI Hettick, Justin/E-9955-2010 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES0001-06] NR 26 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 380 IS 2 BP 276 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2008.05.051 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 335TH UT WOS:000258313100015 PM 18577370 ER EF