FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Stoddard, RA Glynn, MK AF Stoddard, R. A. Glynn, M. K. TI Opening the window on public health to veterinary students SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE Career; Curriculum; Outreach; Public health; United States of America; Veterinary medicine; Veterinary public health ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; EDUCATIONAL INDEBTEDNESS; BIOLOGICAL TERRORISM; ZOONOTIC DISEASES; STARTING SALARIES; MEDICAL-COLLEGES; AVIAN INFLUENZA; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; CALIFORNIA AB Veterinary public health is defined by the World Health Organization as: 'the sum of all contributions to the physical, mental, and social well-being of humans through an understanding and application of veterinary science'. The role of animals and wildlife as sources of human diseases continues to increase. As demand for public health veterinarians will similarly continue to increase, the veterinary profession must make a concentrated effort to encourage veterinary students to pursue careers in this field, and increase the opportunities for training and experience in this area for both veterinary students and graduates. In this paper, the authors describe the existing opportunities for training in or practising as a public health veterinarian, with a particular focus on the United States of America. C1 [Stoddard, R. A.; Glynn, M. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30317 USA. RP Stoddard, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30317 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 671 EP 679 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 540YI UT WOS:000273376800028 PM 20128478 ER PT J AU Spicknall, IH Aral, SO Holmes, KK Foxman, B AF Spicknall, Ian H. Aral, Sevgi O. Holmes, King K. Foxman, Betsy TI Sexual Networks are Diverse and Complex: Prevalence of Relationships Bridging Population Subgroups in the Seattle Sex Survey SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV TRANSMISSION; CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; BISEXUAL BRIDGE; SPATIAL BRIDGES; MIXING PATTERNS; SPREAD; MEN; INFECTION; WOMEN; CHLAMYDIA AB Goal: To better understand how and how often individuals bridge demographic groups in their sex partnerships, and to describe the epidermologic characteristics of bridging and associations with history of Sexually transmitted infection (STI). Methods: We describe the frequency of different hypothetical sexual bridging types among men and women aged 18 to 39 participating in a random digit dialing survey conducted in 2003 to 2004, and the associations of bridging behavior with risk factors for and self-reported history of STI. Results: Of the 10 13 participants who described their 2 most recent sexual partnerships, 753 (74%). were classified as a bridge of some type. Education bridges were most prevalent (46%), followed by spatial (34%), age (29%), race (24%), and gender bridges (3%). Conclusions: Sexual networks are diverse and complex, and there are multiple potential paths for infection flow. C1 [Spicknall, Ian H.; Foxman, Betsy] Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Aral, Sevgi O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD, Atlanta, GA USA. [Holmes, King K.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, Washington, DC USA. [Holmes, King K.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS & STD, Washington, DC USA. RP Foxman, B (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, 109 Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM bfoxman@umich.edu OI Foxman, Betsy/0000-0001-6682-238X FU The Department of Public Health-Seattle King County; Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases (MAC-EPID) at the University of Michigan School of Public Health; University of Washington Center for AIDS and STD; James S. McDonnell Foundation FX Supported by The Department of Public Health-Seattle King County, the Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases (MAC-EPID) at the University of Michigan School of Public Health, the University of Washington Center for AIDS and STD, and the James S. McDonnell Foundation. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 36 IS 8 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a31e4c PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 476GD UT WOS:000268425900001 PM 19617872 ER PT J AU Hosenfeld, CB Workowski, KA Berman, S Zaidi, A Dyson, J Mosure, D Bolan, G Bauer, HM AF Hosenfeld, Christina B. Workowski, Kimberly A. Berman, Stuart Zaidi, Akbar Dyson, Jeri Mosure, Debra Bolan, Gail Bauer, Heidi M. TI Repeat Infection With Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Among Females: A Systematic Review of the Literature SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; ADOLESCENT FEMALES; RISK-FACTORS; YOUNG-WOMEN; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS; REINFECTION RATES AB Determining the magnitude of chlamydia and gonorrhea reinfection is critical to inform evidence-based clinical practice guidelines related to retesting after treatment. PubMed was used to identify peer-reviewed English language studies published in the past 30 years that estimated reinfection rates among females treated for chlamydia or gonorrhea. Included in this analysis were original studies conducted in the United States and other industrialized countries that reported data on chlamydia or gonorrhea reinfection in females. Studies were stratified into 3 tiers based on study design. Reinfection rates were examined in relation to the organism, stud), design, length of follow-Lip, and population characteristics. Of the 47 studies included. 16 were active cohort (Tier 1), 15 passive cohort (Tier 2). and 16 disease registry (Tier 3) studies. The overall median proportion of females reinfected with chlamydia was 13.9% (n = 38 studies). Modeled chlamydia reinfection within 12 months demonstrated peak rates of 19% to 20% at 8 to 10 months. The overall median proportion of females reinfected with gonorrhea was 11.7% (n = 17 studies). Younger age was associated with higher rates of both chlamydia and gonorrhea reinfection. High rates of reinfection with chlamydia and gonorrhea among females. along with practical considerations, warrant retesting 3 to 6 months after treatment of the initial infection. Further research should investigate effective interventions to reduce reinfection and to increase retesting. C1 [Hosenfeld, Christina B.; Bolan, Gail; Bauer, Heidi M.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, STD Control Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Workowski, Kimberly A.; Berman, Stuart; Zaidi, Akbar; Mosure, Debra] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Workowski, Kimberly A.] Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Dyson, Jeri] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Div Adolescent Med, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Bauer, HM (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, STD Control Branch, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Bldg P,2nd Floor, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM heidi.bauer@cdph.ca.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Comprehensive STD Prevention Systems and Infertility Prevention Project) [5H25/PS904362-17]; California Department of Public Health FX Supported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Comprehensive STD Prevention Systems and Infertility Prevention Project Grant Number 5H25/PS904362-17) and the California Department of Public Health. NR 83 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 5 U2 21 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 36 IS 8 BP 478 EP 489 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a2a933 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 476GD UT WOS:000268425900003 PM 19617871 ER PT J AU Bohm, MK Gift, TL Tao, GY AF Bohm, Michele K. Gift, Thomas L. Tao, Guoyu TI Patterns of Single and Multiple Claims of Epididymitis Among Young Privately-Insured Males in the United States, 2001 to 2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 [Bohm, Michele K.; Gift, Thomas L.; Tao, Guoyu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Bohm, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D28, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mbohm@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 36 IS 8 BP 490 EP 492 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a396d8 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 476GD UT WOS:000268425900004 PM 19455076 ER PT J AU Kissinger, PJ Reilly, K Taylor, SN Leichliter, JS Rosenthal, S Martin, DH AF Kissinger, Patricia J. Reilly, Kathleen Taylor, Stephanie N. Leichliter, Jami S. Rosenthal, Susan Martin, David H. TI Early Repeat Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections Among Heterosexual Men SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; UNTREATED PATIENTS; AZITHROMYCIN; URETHRITIS C1 [Kissinger, Patricia J.; Reilly, Kathleen] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70012 USA. [Taylor, Stephanie N.; Martin, David H.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Leichliter, Jami S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rosenthal, Susan] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX USA. RP Kissinger, PJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, SL-18,1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70012 USA. EM kissing@tulane.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement [R30/CCR619146]; NIH [U19 A1061972] FX Supported by grants from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement R30/CCR619146 and NIH grant U19 A1061972. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 36 IS 8 BP 498 EP 500 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a4d147 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 476GD UT WOS:000268425900006 PM 19617870 ER PT J AU Hobbs, MM Steiner, MJ Rich, KD Gallo, MF Alam, A Rahman, M Menezes, P Chipato, T Warner, L Macaluso, M AF Hobbs, Marcia M. Steiner, Markus J. Rich, Kimberly D. Gallo, Maria F. Alam, Anadil Rahman, Motiur Menezes, Prema Chipato, Tsungai Warner, Lee Macaluso, Maurizio TI Good Performance of Rapid Prostate-Specific Antigen Test for Detection of Semen Exposure in Women: Implications for Qualitative Research SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONDOM USE; VAGINAL FLUID; INTERCOURSE; EFFICACY; VALIDITY; FAILURE; TRIAL AB Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a valid biomarker of semen exposure in women and has been used to assess reliability of self-reported sexual behavior as well as serve as a proxy measure for condom efficacy. Quantitative PSA tests are expensive and require specialized equipment. A simple, rapid, and inexpensive test for PSA would facilitate semen biomarker evaluation in a variety of research settings. This study evaluated the performance of a rapid PSA test compared with a quantitative assay to identify semen in vaginal swab specimens. Methods: We tested 581 vaginal swabs collected from 492 women participating in 2 separate research studies in Bangladesh and Zimbabwe. PSA in vaginal secretions was detected using the quantitative IMx (Abbott Laboratories) assay and the ABAcard p30 (Abacus Diagnostics) rapid immunochromatographic strip test. Results: The ABAcard test was 100% sensitive (95% confidence [CI], 98%-100%) and 96% specific (95% Cl, 93%-97%) compared with the quantitative test in detecting >1.0 ng PSA/mL vaginal swab eluate. Rapid PSA results were semiquantitative and correlated well with PSA concentrations (kappa = 0.88 95% Cl, 0.85-0.90). Conclusion: Rapid PSA detection requires no instrumentation and can be performed easily and economically. Having rapid PSA results available immediately following interview provides opportunities to explore discrepancies between the objective market of recent semen exposure and self-reported behaviors. C1 [Hobbs, Marcia M.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Steiner, Markus J.] Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gallo, Maria F.; Warner, Lee; Macaluso, Maurizio] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Alam, Anadil; Rahman, Motiur] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Chipato, Tsungai] Univ Zimbabwe, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Hobbs, MM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, CB 7031, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mmhobbs@med.unc.edu RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU US National Institutes of Health; North Carolina Sexually Transmitted Infections and Topical Microbicides Cooperative Research Center [U19-AI031496]; UNC Center for AIDS Research grant [P30-AI050410]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Contraceptive and Reproductive Health Technologies Research and Utilization (CRTU) program of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID); cooperative agreement [GPO-A-OO-0500022-00] FX Supported in part by the US National Institutes of Health through the North Carolina Sexually Transmitted Infections and Topical Microbicides Cooperative Research Center grant U19-AI031496 and a developmental award front the UNC Center for AIDS Research grant P30-AI050410 (to M.M.H.); and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Contraceptive and Reproductive Health Technologies Research and Utilization (CRTU) program of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) with funds from cooperative agreement #GPO-A-OO-0500022-00 (to M.J.S.). IMx test kits were generously donated by Abbott Laboratories. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 36 IS 8 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a2b4bf PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 476GD UT WOS:000268425900007 PM 19455082 ER PT J AU Mimiaga, MJ Helms, DJ Reisner, SL Grasso, C Bertrand, T Mosure, DJ Weinstock, H McLean, C Mayer, KH AF Mimiaga, Matthew J. Helms, Donna J. Reisner, Sari L. Grasso, Chris Bertrand, Thomas Mosure, Debra J. Weinstock, Hillard McLean, Catherine Mayer, Kenneth H. TI Gonococcal, Chlamydia, and Syphilis Infection Positivity Among MSM Attending a Large Primary Care Clinic, Boston, 2003 to 2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV-INFECTION; MEN; SEX; GONORRHEA; TRANSMISSION; TRENDS AB Background: in the past decade, increases in syphilis and rectal gonorrhea have been reported among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States; however, limited sexually transmitted disease (STD) positivity data are available oil MSM who receive their healthcare from primary care or general medical clinics. The Current study sought to elucidate STD positivity in asymptomatic MSM seen at the largest primary care clinic for MSM in New England and to describe STD test positivity by reason for STD testing. Methods: As part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's MSM Prevalence Monitoring Project, all medical visits between 2003 and 2004 (n = 21,927) among MSM attending Fenway Community Health (Boston) were reviewed. The prevalence of positive STD tests (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis reactivity) was determined and analyzed by demographic characteristics, HIV status, symptoms. and reason for testing. Results: Overall, 23.4% of MSM visits included STD testing during the observation period. Their mean age was 39 years (range: 18-65 years) 84% were white, 5% were black, and 5% were Hispanic. Sixty-five percent of MSM tested were asymptomatic with 7% of asymptomatic MSM testing positive for at least one STD. STD prevalence varied by reason for STD testing: 4.4% of MSM routinely screened had at least one STD, compared to 6.9% of MSM who reported having high risk sex in the preceding 3 months, and 17% of MSM reporting an exposure to an STD. Among all asymptomatic MSM tested, 1.0% had urethral gonorrhea: 1.7% had pharyngeal gonorrhea: 5.6% had rectal gonorrhea: 2.2% had urethral chlamydia: and 4.3% were seroreactive for syphilis. Conclusions: Rectal gonorrhea and syphilis seropositivity were frequently diagnosed in asymptomatic MSM; STD prevalence was highest in MSM tested due to an STD exposure or reporting high-risk Sex, underscoring the need to promote routine screening in high risk, MSM populations. C1 [Mimiaga, Matthew J.; Reisner, Sari L.; Grasso, Chris; Mayer, Kenneth H.] Fenway Community Hlth, Fenway Inst, Epidemiol Unit, Boston, MA 02119 USA. [Mimiaga, Matthew J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Helms, Donna J.; Weinstock, Hillard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bertrand, Thomas] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Mosure, Debra J.; McLean, Catherine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mayer, Kenneth H.] Miriam Hosp, Brown Med Sch, Dept Infect Dis & Community Hlth, Providence, RI 02906 USA. RP Mimiaga, MJ (reprint author), Fenway Community Hlth, Fenway Inst, Epidemiol Unit, Prudential Tower,4th Floor,800 Boylston St, Boston, MA 02119 USA. EM mmimiaga@fenwayhealth.org NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 36 IS 8 BP 507 EP 511 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a2ad98 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 476GD UT WOS:000268425900008 PM 19455081 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Manhart, LE AF Aral, Sevgi O. Manhart, Lisa E. TI "Someone naughty for tonight": sex partner recruitment venues and associated STI risk SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MEN; INTERNET; ONLINE C1 [Aral, Sevgi O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Manhart, Lisa E.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Manhart, Lisa E.] Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SAral@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI027757] NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 85 IS 4 BP 239 EP 240 DI 10.1136/sti.2008.035378 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 474AJ UT WOS:000268254300003 PM 19625292 ER PT J AU Reiter, PL Brewer, NT Gottlieb, SL Mcree, AL Smith, JS AF Reiter, Paul L. Brewer, Noel T. Gottlieb, Sami L. McRee, Annie-Laurie Smith, Jennifer S. TI Parents' health beliefs and HPV vaccination of their adolescent daughters SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE USA; Human papillomavirus (HPV); Vaccine; Sexually transmitted infections; Adolescents; Women; Health beliefs; Parents ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION; CERVICAL-CANCER INCIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; HEPATITIS-B; ACCEPTANCE; IMMUNIZATION; METAANALYSIS; ACCEPTABILITY; DETERMINANTS AB Though many studies have documented correlates of HPV vaccine acceptability, our study is one of the first to examine correlates of vaccine initiation. The current study aimed to identify modifiable correlates of HPV vaccine initiation among adolescent girls in high risk communities and whether correlates varied by race and urbanirural status. In 2007, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 889 parents of adolescent girls aged 10-18 living in areas of North Carolina, USA with high cervical cancer rates. We analyzed data using logistic regression. Health Belief Model constructs were associated with HPV vaccine initiation in multivariate analyses, including doctor's recommendation to get HPV vaccine, perceived barriers to obtaining HPV vaccine, and perceived potential vaccine harms. While exploratory stratified analyses suggested that many of the same parent beliefs were important correlates of HPV vaccine initiation regardless of racial group or urban/rural status, a few differences did exist. These potentially modifiable beliefs offer well-defined targets for future interventions designed to increase HPV vaccine coverage. However, the beliefs' relative importance may differ between racial groups and regions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reiter, Paul L.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gottlieb, Sami L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reiter, PL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, 323D Rosenau Hall,CB 7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM preiter@email.unc.edu; ntb1@unc.edu RI McRee, Annie/J-3077-2013 NR 39 TC 156 Z9 156 U1 6 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 69 IS 3 BP 475 EP 480 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.024 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 485OP UT WOS:000269133400022 PM 19540642 ER PT J AU Soldin, OP Nsouly-Maktabi, H Genkinger, JM Loffredo, CA Ortega-Garcia, JA Colantino, D Barr, DB Luban, NL Shad, AT Nelson, D AF Soldin, Offie P. Nsouly-Maktabi, Hala Genkinger, Jeanine M. Loffredo, Christopher A. Ortega-Garcia, Juan Antonio Colantino, Drew Barr, Dana B. Luban, Naomi L. Shad, Aziza T. Nelson, David TI Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Exposure to Pesticides SO THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING LA English DT Article DE organophosphates; insecticides; childhood cancer; clinical toxicology; ALL ID CONTEMPORARY-USE PESTICIDES; CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; IN-UTERO; IONIZING-RADIATION; HOUSEHOLD EXPOSURE; AGRICULTURAL USE; CANCER; RISK; CHILDREN; POPULATION AB Organophosphates are pesticides ubiquitous in the environment and have been hypothesized as one of the risk factors for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this study, we evaluated the associations of pesticide exposure in a residential environment with the risk for pediatric ALL. This is a case-control study of children newly diagnosed with ALL, and their mothers (n = 41 child-mother pairs) recruited from Georgetown University Medical Center and Children's National Medical Center in Washington, DC, between January 2005 and January 2008. Cases and controls were matched for age, sex, and county of residence. Environmental exposures were determined by questionnaire and by urinalysis of pesticide metabolites using isotope dilution gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. We found that more case mothers (33%) than controls (14%) reported using insecticides in the home (P < 0.02). Other environmental exposures to toxic substances were not significantly associated with the risk of ALL. Pesticide levels were higher in cases than in controls (P < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found between children with ALL and controls for the organophosphate metabolites diethylthiophosphate (P < 0.03) and diethyldithiophosphate (P < 0.05). The association of ALL risk with pesticide exposure merits further studies to confirm the association. C1 [Soldin, Offie P.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Soldin, Offie P.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Soldin, Offie P.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Soldin, Offie P.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Biomath, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Nsouly-Maktabi, Hala; Ortega-Garcia, Juan Antonio] Univ Hosp Virgin Arrixaca, Translat Canc Res Ctr, Paediat Environm Hlth Specialty Unit, Murcia, Spain. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Luban, Naomi L.] George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Nelson, David] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Soldin, OP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Oncol, LLS 166,3800 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM os35@georgetown.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU National Cancer Institute to the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center; NIH-NICHD Obstetrics Pharmacology Research Unit [5U10HD047890-03]; Office of Research on Women's Health FX Supported by a Cancer Center Support Grant awarded by the National Cancer Institute to the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center (O. P. Soldin). Dr. O. P Soldin is partially supported by 5U10HD047890-03 NIH-NICHD Obstetrics Pharmacology Research Unit and by the Office of Research on Women's Health. NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0163-4356 J9 THER DRUG MONIT JI Ther. Drug Monit. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 BP 495 EP 501 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 478DG UT WOS:000268567400011 PM 19571777 ER PT J AU Fowler, BA AF Fowler, Bruce A. TI Monitoring of human populations for early markers of cadmium toxicity: A review SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Cadmium; Biomarkers; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Cardiovascular; Immune; Reproductive organs; Cadmium Nanomaterials ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; HUMAN LUNG-CELLS; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; IN-VITRO; QUANTUM DOTS; ENVIRONMENTAL CADMIUM; INDUCED NEPHROPATHY; GENOMIC BIOMARKERS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; URINARY CADMIUM AB Exposure of human populations to cadmium (Cd) from air, food and water may produce effects in organs such as the kidneys, liver, lungs, cardiovascular, immune and reproductive systems. Since Cd has been identified as a human carcinogen, biomarkers for early detection of susceptibility to cancer are of an importance to public health. The ability to document Cd exposure and uptake of this element through biological monitoring is a first step towards understanding its health effects. Interpretation and application of biological monitoring data for predicting human health outcomes require correlation with biological measures of organ system responses to the documented exposure. Essential to this understanding is the detection and linkage of early biological responses toxic effects in target cell populations. Fortunately, advances in cell biology have resulted in the development of pre-clinical biological markers (biomarkers) that demonstrate measurable and characteristic molecular changes in organ systems following chemical exposures that occur prior to the onset of overt clinical disease or development of cancer. Technical advances have rendered a number of these biomarkers practical for monitoring Cd-exposed human populations. Biomarkers will be increasingly important in relation to monitoring effects from the exposure to new Cd-based high technology materials. For example, cadmium-selenium (CdSe), nano-materials made from combinations of these elements have greatly altered cellular uptake characteristics due to particle size. These differences may greatly alter effects at the target cell level and hence risks for organ toxicities from such exposures. The value of validated biomarkers for early detection of systemic Cd-induced effects in humans cannot be underestimated due to the rapid expansion of nano-material technologies. This review will attempt to briefly summarize the applications, to date, of biomarker endpoints for assessing target organ system effects in humans and experimental systems from Cd exposure. Further, it will attempt to provide a prospective look at the possible future of biomarkers. The emphasis will be on the detection of early toxic effects from exposure to Cd in new products such as nano-materials and identification of populations at special risk for Cd toxicity. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fowler, BA (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bxf9@cde.gov NR 71 TC 88 Z9 95 U1 8 U2 55 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 238 IS 3 SI SI BP 294 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.05.004 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 472QS UT WOS:000268147600014 PM 19433102 ER PT J AU Thompson, ND Hellinger, WC Kay, RS Cohen, L Ragan, P Voss, RA Bacalis, LP Xia, G Keating, MR Dickson, RC Hughes, CB Williams, IT Perz, JF AF Thompson, N. D. Hellinger, W. C. Kay, R. S. Cohen, L. Ragan, P. Voss, R. A. Bacalis, L. P. Xia, G. Keating, M. R. Dickson, R. C. Hughes, C. B. Williams, I. T. Perz, J. F. TI Healthcare-associated hepatitis C virus transmission among patients in an abdominal organ transplant center SO TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C; HCV; liver transplant; hospital infections; healthcare infection; abdominal organ transplant; epidemiology ID NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; CONTAMINATION; RECIPIENTS; DONOR; UNIT AB Background De novo hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among transplant patients is rarely recognized but can have severe consequences. We investigated the scope, source, and mode of HCV transmission within a transplant center after incident HCV infection was identified in 2 patients who had liver transplantation in late 2006. Methods Patients were interviewed, and transplant logs, medical records, and staff practices were reviewed to identify opportunities for HCV transmission. Infection via receipt of blood or organs was evaluated. Molecular epidemiology was used to determine the relatedness between persons with incident and chronic HCV infection. Results HCV from infected blood or organ donors was ruled out. Among the 308 patients who underwent transplant in 2006, no additional incident HCV infections were identified. Eighty-five (28%) had pre-transplant chronic HCV infection; 13 were considered possible HCV source patients based upon shared days on the inpatient unit, nursing assignment, or invasive procedures in common with incident HCV case-patients. Viral isolates from 1 HCV source patient and 1 incident case-patient were found to be highly related by quasispecies analysis, confirming patient-to-patient HCV transmission. Possible modes of transmission identified were the improper use of multidose vials, sharing of blood-contaminated glucometers, and touch contamination. Conclusion Sporadic transmission or endemic levels of HCV transmission might be overlooked in a setting with high HCV prevalence, such as liver transplant units, where multiple, repeated opportunities for patient-to-patient HCV transmission can occur. Surveillance through pre- and post-transplant screening is necessary to identify incident HCV infection in this setting. Constant, meticulous attention must be paid to maintaining aseptic technique and good infection control practices to eliminate HCV transmission opportunities. C1 [Thompson, N. D.; Williams, I. T.; Perz, J. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thompson, N. D.; Cohen, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hellinger, W. C.; Keating, M. R.] Mayo Clin, Div Infect Dis, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Kay, R. S.] Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Ragan, P.] Florida Dept Hlth, Florida Epidem Intelligence Serv, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Voss, R. A.] Duval Cty Hlth Dept, Program Epidemiol, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Xia, G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dickson, R. C.] Mayo Clin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Hughes, C. B.] Mayo Clin, Div Transplant Surg, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RP Thompson, ND (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ndthompson@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA016672] NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1398-2273 EI 1399-3062 J9 TRANSPL INFECT DIS JI Transpl. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 11 IS 4 BP 324 EP 329 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2009.00406.x PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Transplantation SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Transplantation GA 480EI UT WOS:000268714600007 PM 19497073 ER PT J AU Ranjan, P Bowzard, JB Schwermann, JW Jeisy-Scott, V Fujita, T Sambhara, S AF Ranjan, Priya Bowzard, J. Bradford Schwermann, Joy W. Jeisy-Scott, Victoria Fujita, Takashi Sambhara, Suryaprakash TI Cytoplasmic nucleic acid sensors in antiviral immunity SO TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; HEPATITIS-C-VIRUS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR; INFLUENZA-A-VIRUS; INDUCIBLE GENE-I; PROTEIN-KINASE PKR; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR CYLD; IFN-BETA PROMOTER; NF-KAPPA-B; RIG-I AB The innate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to sense invading microbes and initiate a rapid protective response. PRRs bind and are activated by structural motifs, such as nucleic acids or bacterial and fungal cell wall components, collectively known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns. PRRs that recognize pathogen-derived nucleic acids are present in vesicular compartments and in the cytosol of most cell types. Here, we review recent studies of these cytosolic sensors, focusing on the nature of the ligands for DNA-dependent activator of interferon (DAI)-regulatory factors, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), and the retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like helicase (RLH) family of receptors, the basis of ligand recognition and the signaling pathways triggered by the activation of these receptors. An increased understanding of these molecular aspects of innate immunity will guide the development of novel antiviral therapeutics. C1 [Fujita, Takashi] Kyoto Univ, Inst Virus Res, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. [Ranjan, Priya; Bowzard, J. Bradford; Schwermann, Joy W.; Sambhara, Suryaprakash] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jeisy-Scott, Victoria] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Fujita, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Inst Virus Res, 53 Kawaramachi, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. EM tfujita@virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp; ssambhara@cdc.gov FU NVPO FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The work was supported by a grant from NVPO awarded to S.S. NR 107 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4914 J9 TRENDS MOL MED JI Trends Mol. Med PD AUG PY 2009 VL 15 IS 8 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.06.003 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 495CX UT WOS:000269868400004 PM 19665430 ER PT J AU Fooks, AR Johnson, N Muller, T Vos, A Mansfield, K Hicks, D Nunez, A Freuling, C Neubert, L Kaipf, I Denzinger, A Franka, R Rupprecht, CE AF Fooks, A. R. Johnson, N. Mueller, T. Vos, A. Mansfield, K. Hicks, D. Nunez, A. Freuling, C. Neubert, L. Kaipf, I. Denzinger, A. Franka, R. Rupprecht, C. E. TI Detection of High Levels of European Bat Lyssavirus Type-1 Viral RNA in the Thyroid Gland of Experimentally-Infected Eptesicus fuscus Bats SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Rabies; lyssavirus; European bat lyssavirus; bat; pathogenesis; virus; thyroid gland ID RABIES VIRUS; WASTING SYNDROME; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PCR ASSAY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EVOLUTION; GERMANY; MICE AB P>Two common bat lyssavirus species have been identified in many European countries: European bat lyssavirus type-1 and -2 (EBLV-1 and EBLV-2). Only limited knowledge on the susceptibility of the natural EBLV-hosts, insectivorous bats, to lyssavirus infection is available. Our study was undertaken to evaluate the susceptibility and pathology associated with an EBLV-1 infection in Eptesicus fuscus following different routes of virus inoculation including intracranial (n = 6), intramuscular (n = 14), oral (n = 7) and intranasal (n = 7). Blood and saliva samples were collected from all bats on a monthly basis. Four bats inoculated intracranially developed rabies with a mean of 11 days to death, whilst seven bats inoculated intramuscularly developed rabies, with an extended incubation period prior to death. We did not observe any mortality in the oral (p.o.) or intranasal (i.n.) groups and both groups had detectable levels of virus neutralizing antibodies (data not shown). Virus shedding was demonstrated in the saliva by virus isolation and the detection of viral RNA in ill bats, particularly immediately prior to the development of disease. In addition, the presence of virus and viral RNA was detected in the thyroid gland in bats challenged experimentally with EBLV-1, which exceeded that detected in all other extra-neural tissue. The significance of detecting EBLV-1 in the thyroid gland of rabid bats is not well understood. We speculate that the infection of the thyroid gland may cause subacute thyroiditis, a transient form of thyroiditis causing hyperthyroidism, resulting in changes in adrenocortical activity that could lead to hormonal dysfunction, thereby distinguishing the clinical presentation of rabies in the rabid host. C1 [Fooks, A. R.; Johnson, N.; Mansfield, K.; Hicks, D.; Nunez, A.] Vet Labs Agcy, Rabies & Wildlife Zoonoses Grp, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. [Mueller, T.; Freuling, C.] Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Epidemiol, Wusterhausen, Germany. [Vos, A.; Neubert, L.] IDT Biol GmbH, Dessau Rosslau, Germany. [Kaipf, I.; Denzinger, A.] Univ Tubingen, Dept Anim Physiol, Inst Zool, D-7400 Tubingen, Germany. [Franka, R.; Rupprecht, C. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fooks, AR (reprint author), Vet Labs Agcy, Rabies & Wildlife Zoonoses Grp, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. EM t.fooks@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk RI Nunez Castel, Alejandro/C-2560-2011; Hicks, Daniel/C-6700-2011; Mansfield, Karen/D-8399-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Johnson, Nicholas/B-4654-2011; Fooks, Anthony/F-5418-2010 OI Johnson, Nicholas/0000-0002-6106-9373; FU UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [SE0524] FX The authors acknowledge the staff at IDT-Biologika and FLI for their excellent technical support for this study and also thank Dr Kristy Murray, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, USA for helpful comments in the interpretation of data. This work was supported by a grant from the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra grant No. SE0524). NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 6-7 BP 270 EP 277 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01203.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 469GH UT WOS:000267883500004 PM 19497087 ER PT J AU Anand, A Shiraishi, RW Bunnell, RE Jacobs, K Solehdin, N Abdul-Quader, AS Marum, LH Muttunga, JN Kamoto, K Aberle-Grasse, JM Diaz, T AF Anand, Abhijeet Shiraishi, Ray W. Bunnell, Rebecca E. Jacobs, Krista Solehdin, Nadia Abdul-Quader, Abu S. Marum, Lawrence H. Muttunga, James N. Kamoto, Kelita Aberle-Grasse, John M. Diaz, Theresa TI Knowledge of HIV status, sexual risk behaviors and contraceptive need among people living with HIV in Kenya and Malawi SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE couples; discordant; HIV/AIDS; Kenya; Malawi; positive prevention ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; COUNSELING PROGRAM; DISCORDANT COUPLES; TRANSMISSION RISK; RURAL UGANDA; SOUTH-AFRICA; PREVENTION; WOMEN; INTERVENTIONS; INFECTION AB Background: Several studies support the need for effective interventions to reduce HIV transmission risk behaviors among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs). Design: Cross-sectional nationally representative demographic health survey of Kenya (2003) and Malawi (2004-2005) that included HIV testing for consenting adults. Methods: We analyzed demographic health survey data for awareness of HIV status and sexual behaviors of PLWHAs (Kenya: 412; Malawi: 664). The analysis was adjusted (weighted) for the design of the survey and the results are nationally representative. Findings: Eighty-four percent of PLWHAs in Kenya and 86% in Malawi had sex in the past 12 months and in each country, 10% reported using condoms at last intercourse. Among sexually active PLWHAs, 86% in Kenya and 96% in Malawi reported their spouse or cohabiting partner as their most recent partner. In multivariate logistic regression models, married or cohabiting PLWHAs were significantly more likely to be sexually active and less likely to use condoms. Over 80% of PLWHAs were unaware of their HIV status. Of HIV-infected women, nearly three-quarters did not want more children either within the next 2 years or ever, but 32% in Kenya and 20% in Malawi were using contraception. Interpretation: In 2003-2005, majority of PLWHAs in Kenya and Malawi were unaware of their HIV status and were sexually active, especially married or cohabiting PLWHAs. Of HIV-infected women not wanting more children, few used contraception. HIV testing should be expanded, prevention programs should target married or cohabiting Couples and family planning services should be integrated with HIV services. (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Anand, Abhijeet] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Anand, Abhijeet] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shiraishi, Ray W.; Solehdin, Nadia; Abdul-Quader, Abu S.; Marum, Lawrence H.; Aberle-Grasse, John M.; Diaz, Theresa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent NCH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bunnell, Rebecca E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, NCHHSTP, Nairobi, Kenya. [Jacobs, Krista] Int Ctr Res Women, Washington, DC USA. [Muttunga, James N.] Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kamoto, Kelita] Minist Hlth, Clin HIV Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Anand, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aanand@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 31 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1565 EP 1573 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832cb10c PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 476CI UT WOS:000268414300015 PM 19542867 ER PT J AU Sengaloundeth, S Green, MD Fernandez, FM Manolin, O Phommavong, K Insixiengmay, V Hampton, CY Nyadong, L Mildenhall, DC Hostetler, D Khounsaknalath, L Vongsack, L Phompida, S Vanisaveth, V Syhakhang, L Newton, PN AF Sengaloundeth, Sivong Green, Michael D. Fernandez, Facundo M. Manolin, Ot Phommavong, Khamlieng Insixiengmay, Vongsavanh Hampton, Christina Y. Nyadong, Leonard Mildenhall, Dallas C. Hostetler, Dana Khounsaknalath, Lamphet Vongsack, Latsamy Phompida, Samlane Vanisaveth, Viengxay Syhakhang, Lamphone Newton, Paul N. TI A stratified random survey of the proportion of poor quality oral artesunate sold at medicine outlets in the Lao PDR - implications for therapeutic failure and drug resistance SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID KENYAN RETAIL SECTOR; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; COMBINATION THERAPY; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; FAKE ARTESUNATE; ARTEMISININ; MALARIA; COUNTERFEIT; CAMBODIA; PYRIMETHAMINE AB Background: Counterfeit oral artesunate has been a major public health problem in mainland SE Asia, impeding malaria control. A countrywide stratified random survey was performed to determine the availability and quality of oral artesunate in pharmacies and outlets (shops selling medicines) in the Lao PDR (Laos). Methods: In 2003, 'mystery' shoppers were asked to buy artesunate tablets from 180 outlets in 12 of the 18 Lao provinces. Outlets were selected using stratified random sampling by investigators not involved in sampling. Samples were analysed for packaging characteristics, by the Fast Red Dye test, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), X-ray diffractometry and pollen analysis. Results: Of 180 outlets sampled, 25 (13.9%) sold oral artesunate. Outlets selling artesunate were more commonly found in the more malarious southern Laos. Of the 25 outlets, 22 (88%; 95% CI 68-97%) sold counterfeit artesunate, as defined by packaging and chemistry. No artesunate was detected in the counterfeits by any of the chemical analysis techniques and analysis of the packaging demonstrated seven different counterfeit types. There was complete agreement between the Fast Red dye test, HPLC and MS analysis. A wide variety of wrong active ingredients were found by MS. Of great concern, 4/27 (14.8%) fakes contained detectable amounts of artemisinin (0.26-115.7 mg/tablet). Conclusion: This random survey confirms results from previous convenience surveys that counterfeit artesunate is a severe public health problem. The presence of artemisinin in counterfeits may encourage malaria resistance to artemisinin derivatives. With increasing accessibility of artemisinin-derivative combination therapy (ACT) in Laos, the removal of artesunate monotherapy from pharmacies may be an effective intervention. C1 [Newton, Paul N.] Mahosot Hosp, Microbiol Lab, Viangchan, Laos. [Sengaloundeth, Sivong; Phommavong, Khamlieng; Insixiengmay, Vongsavanh; Syhakhang, Lamphone] Govt Lao PDR, Minist Hlth, Food & Drug Dept, Viangchan, Laos. [Green, Michael D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fernandez, Facundo M.; Hampton, Christina Y.; Nyadong, Leonard; Hostetler, Dana] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Manolin, Ot; Khounsaknalath, Lamphet; Vongsack, Latsamy] Govt Lao PDR, Minist Hlth, Food & Drug Qual Control Ctr, Viangchan, Laos. [Mildenhall, Dallas C.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Phompida, Samlane; Vanisaveth, Viengxay] Govt Lao PDR, Ctr Malariol Parasitol & Entomol, Viangchan, Laos. [Newton, Paul N.] Univ Oxford, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Churchill Hosp, Oxford, England. RP Newton, PN (reprint author), Mahosot Hosp, Microbiol Lab, Viangchan, Laos. EM sivong_sengaloundeth@yahoo.com; mdg4@cdc.gov; facundo.fernandez@chemistry.gatech.edu; manolinot@ccm-laos.org; khamlieng@yahoo.com; vongsavanh@yahoo.com; christina.hampton@gatech.edu; leonard.nyadong@gatech.edu; D.Mildenhall@gns.cri.nz; danahostetler@gatech.edu; fdqcc@yahoo.com; fdqcc@yahoo.com; p.samlane@gmail.com; vnsvth@yahoo.com; syhakhangl@yahoo.com; paul@tropmedres.ac RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 FU Wellcome Trust of Great Britain FX We are extremely grateful to the many people who have assisted with the collection of samples without which this would not have been possible. We are grateful to Guilin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kasia Stepniewska and Sue Lee for their assistance and especially thank Nicholas J. White and an anonymous reviewer for useful comments on the manuscript. We are very grateful to the Small Grants Scheme of the British Embassy, Bangkok, and the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain for financial support. We thank HE the ex-British Ambassador (Mr Barney Smith) to Laos, Ms Aline Plan on, Dr Deodato Giovanii, Orathai Sanithvong na Ayuthaya, the staff of MORU, Sengmani Symanivong, Mayfong Mayxay, C. W. Ray Soong and R. Tremain for their help. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JUL 28 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 172 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-8-172 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 495EJ UT WOS:000269873100001 PM 19638225 ER PT J AU Budnitz, DS AF Budnitz, Daniel S. TI Agreement Between Drugs-to-Avoid Criteria and Expert Assessments of Problematic Prescribing INVITED COMMENTARY SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION USE; OLDER-ADULTS; EVENTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Budnitz, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbudnitz@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 EI 1538-3679 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUL 27 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 14 BP 1332 EP 1334 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 475PT UT WOS:000268373000012 PM 19636036 ER PT J AU Koch, HM Calafat, AM AF Koch, Holger M. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Human body burdens of chemicals used in plastic manufacture SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE human biomonitoring; phthalates; bisphenol A; internal exposure; exposure assessment; risk assessment ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT DEVELOPMENT; ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; HUMAN REFERENCE POPULATION; NURSERY-SCHOOL CHILDREN; DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP AB In the last decades, the availability of sophisticated analytical chemistry techniques has facilitated measuring trace levels of multiple environmental chemicals in human biological matrices (i.e. biomonitoring) with a high degree of accuracy and precision. As biomonitoring data have become readily available, interest in their interpretation has increased. We present an overview on the use of biomonitoring in exposure and risk assessment using phthalates and bisphenol A as examples of chemicals used in the manufacture of plastic goods. We present and review the most relevant research on biomarkers of exposure for phthalates and bisphenol A, including novel and most comprehensive biomonitoring data from Germany and the United States. We discuss several factors relevant for interpreting and understanding biomonitoring data, including selection of both biomarkers of exposure and human matrices, and toxicokinetic information. C1 [Koch, Holger M.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, BGFA Res Inst Occupat Med, D-44789 Bochum, Germany. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Koch, HM (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, BGFA Res Inst Occupat Med, Burkle de la Camp Pl 1, D-44789 Bochum, Germany. EM koch@bgfa.ruhr-uni-bochum.de RI Koch, Holger/B-3277-2011 OI Koch, Holger/0000-0002-8328-2837 NR 132 TC 193 Z9 199 U1 10 U2 59 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 27 PY 2009 VL 364 IS 1526 BP 2063 EP 2078 DI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0208 PG 16 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 461PU UT WOS:000267281600009 PM 19528056 ER PT J AU Cui, H Tucker-Burden, C Cauffiel, SMD Barry, AK Iwakoshi, NN Weber, CJ Safley, SA AF Cui, Hong Tucker-Burden, Carol Cauffiel, Sean M. D. Barry, Adrienne K. Iwakoshi, Neal N. Weber, Collin J. Safley, Susan A. TI Long-Term Metabolic Control of Autoimmune Diabetes in Spontaneously Diabetic Nonobese Diabetic Mice by Nonvascularized Microencapsulated Adult Porcine Islets SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE Islet xenografts; Microencapsulation; Spontaneously diabetic NOD mice; Long-term metabolic function ID CTLA4-IG PROLONGS SURVIVAL; HELPER T-CELLS; NOD MICE; PIG ISLETS; PANCREATIC-ISLETS; FOLLOW-UP; XENOGRAFTS; TRANSPLANTATION; BLOCKADE; RAT AB Background. The long-term metabolic function of microencapsulated xenogeneic adult porcine islets (API) was assessed in a murine model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods. API were encapsulated in barium-gelled alginate and transplanted intraperitoneally in diabetic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice given no immunosuppression or given costimulatory blockade (CoB; CTLA4-Ig+anti-CD154 mAb). Control mice received nonencapsulated API under the kidney capsule. Graft function was monitored by measurement of random blood glucose levels, serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum porcine C peptide, in vivo glucose tolerance tests, and histologic analyses of host pancreas and graft biopsies. Host immune responses to the islet xenografts were characterized by phenotyping peritoneal cellular infiltrates and by measuring serum antiporcine antibody levels. Results. Without immunosuppression, nonencapsulated API functioned for less than 1 week, and microencapsulated API functioned for 35 14 days before rejection, associated with both a cellular and a humoral immune response. With continuous CoB, nonencapsulated API functioned for 27 4 days, whereas microencapsulated API functioned for >450 days with measurable levels of serum porcine C peptide, near normal in vivo glucose tolerance tests and HbA1c levels, and intact microcapsules containing viable, insulin-positive porcine islets. Conclusions. Microencapsulated API restored normoglycemia for more than 1 year in spontaneously diabetic NODs given dual CoB. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document long-term normalized HbA1c, porcine C peptide, and near normal glucose tolerance in immunosuppressed diabetic NOD mice transplanted intraperitoneally with microencapsulated API. Our study suggests that transplantation of microencapsulated porcine islet xenografts may be a future treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. C1 [Cui, Hong; Cauffiel, Sean M. D.; Iwakoshi, Neal N.; Safley, Susan A.] Emory Univ, Dept Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Tucker-Burden, Carol] Emory Univ, Winship Canc Inst, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Barry, Adrienne K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Clin Chem Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Safley, SA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Surg, 101 Woodruff Circle,Suite 5105, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM ssafley@emory.edu FU Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation; Elizabeth Brooke Gottlich Diabetes Research; Islet Transplantation Laboratory at Emory University FX This study was supported by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and a generous gift supporting the Elizabeth Brooke Gottlich Diabetes Research and Islet Transplantation Laboratory at Emory University. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD JUL 27 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 2 BP 160 EP 169 PG 10 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 475RK UT WOS:000268377900004 PM 19623010 ER PT J AU Maines, TR Jayaraman, A Belser, JA Wadford, DA Pappas, C Zeng, H Gustin, KM Pearce, MB Viswanathan, K Shriver, ZH Raman, R Cox, NJ Sasisekharan, R Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Maines, Taronna R. Jayaraman, Akila Belser, Jessica A. Wadford, Debra A. Pappas, Claudia Zeng, Hui Gustin, Kortney M. Pearce, Melissa B. Viswanathan, Karthik Shriver, Zachary H. Raman, Rahul Cox, Nancy J. Sasisekharan, Ram Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Transmission and Pathogenesis of Swine-Origin 2009 A(H1N1) Influenza Viruses in Ferrets and Mice SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; INCREASED VIRULENCE; HEMAGGLUTININ; MODEL AB Recent reports of mild to severe influenza-like illness in humans caused by a novel swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus underscore the need to better understand the pathogenesis and transmission of these viruses in mammals. In this study, selected 2009 A(H1N1) influenza isolates were assessed for their ability to cause disease in mice and ferrets and compared with a contemporary seasonal H1N1 virus for their ability to transmit to naive ferrets through respiratory droplets. In contrast to seasonal influenza H1N1 virus, 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses caused increased morbidity, replicated to higher titers in lung tissue, and were recovered from the intestinal tract of intranasally inoculated ferrets. The 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses exhibited less efficient respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets in comparison with the highly transmissible phenotype of a seasonal H1N1 virus. Transmission of the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses was further corroborated by characterizing the binding specificity of the viral hemagglutinin to the sialylated glycan receptors (in the human host) by use of dose-dependent direct receptor-binding and human lung tissue-binding assays. C1 [Maines, Taronna R.; Belser, Jessica A.; Wadford, Debra A.; Pappas, Claudia; Zeng, Hui; Gustin, Kortney M.; Pearce, Melissa B.; Cox, Nancy J.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jayaraman, Akila; Viswanathan, Karthik; Shriver, Zachary H.; Raman, Rahul; Sasisekharan, Ram] MIT, Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jayaraman, Akila; Viswanathan, Karthik; Shriver, Zachary H.; Raman, Rahul; Sasisekharan, Ram] MIT, Koch Inst Integrat Canc Res, Dept Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov RI Wei, Jianjian/F-7788-2011 OI Wei, Jianjian/0000-0001-8859-8462 FU Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology; National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH [GM 57073, U54 GM62116] FX We thank P. Blair (Naval Health Research Center, San Diego), G. J. Demmler (Texas Childrens Hospital, Houston), C. Alpuche-Aranda [Instituto de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos, Mexico], and the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza (Melbourne) for facilitating access to viruses. We also thank X. Lu and A. Balish for preparation of viruses and V. Veguilla for statistical analysis. R.S. acknowledges the consortium for functional glycomics for providing glycan standards and support from the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH (GM 57073 and U54 GM62116). Confocal microscopy of the human lung tissue sections was performed at the W. M. Keck Foundation Biological Imaging Facility at the Whitehead Institute. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agency. NR 21 TC 416 Z9 441 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 24 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5939 BP 484 EP 487 DI 10.1126/science.1177238 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 474AR UT WOS:000268255100059 PM 19574347 ER PT J AU Lansky, A Drake, A Pham, HT AF Lansky, A. Drake, A. Pham, H. T. TI HIV-Associated Behaviors Among Injecting-Drug Users-23 Cities, United States, May 2005-February 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 329-332, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Lansky, A.; Drake, A.; Pham, H. T.] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 22 PY 2009 VL 302 IS 4 BP 376 EP 377 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 472NQ UT WOS:000268139200009 ER PT J AU Palella, FJ Armon, C Buchacz, K Cole, SR Chmiel, JS Novak, RM Wood, K Moorman, AC Brooks, JT AF Palella, Frank J., Jr. Armon, Carl Buchacz, Kate Cole, Stephen R. Chmiel, Joan S. Novak, Richard M. Wood, Kathleen Moorman, Anne C. Brooks, John T. CA HOPS HIV Outpatient Study TI The Association of HIV Susceptibility Testing With Survival Among HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cohort Study SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; PHENOTYPIC DRUG-RESISTANCE; MARGINAL STRUCTURAL MODELS; SOCIETY-USA PANEL; DISEASE PROGRESSION; RECOMMENDATIONS; MANAGEMENT; PREVALENCE; INHIBITORS; EVOLUTION AB Background: HIV-1 genotypic and phenotypic susceptibility testing (GPT) optimizes antiretroviral selection, but its effect on survival is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the association between GPT and survival. Design: Cohort study. Setting: 10 U.S. HIV clinics. Patients: 2699 HIV-infected patients eligible for GPT (plasma HIV RNA level > 1000 copies/mL) seen from 1999 through 2005. Measurements: Demographic characteristics, clinical factors, GPT use, all-cause mortality, and crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the association of GPT with survival. Results: Patients were followed for a median of 3.3 years; 915 (34%) had GPT. Patients who had GPT had lower mortality rates than those who did not (2.0 vs. 2.7 deaths per 100 person-years). In standard Cox models, GPT was associated with improved survival (adjusted HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.51 to 0.94]; P = 0.017) after controlling for demographic characteristics, CD4(+) cell count, HIV RNA level, and intensity of clinical follow-up. In subgroup analyses, GPT was associated with improved survival for the 2107 highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-experienced patients (2.2 vs. 3.2 deaths per 100 person-years for patients who had GPT vs. those who did not have GPT; adjusted HR, 0.60 [CI, 0.43 to 0.82]; P = 0.002) and for the 921 triple antiretroviral class -experienced patients (2.1 vs. 3.1 deaths per 100 person-years; adjusted HR, 0.61 [CI 0.40 to 0.93]; P = 0.022). Marginal structural models supported associations between GPT and improved survival in the overall cohort (adjusted HR, 0.54; P = 0.001) and in the HAART-experienced group (adjusted HR, 0.56; P = 0.003). Limitations: Use of GPT was not randomized. Residual confounding may exist. Conclusion: Use of GPT was independently associated with improved survival among HAART-experienced patients. C1 [Palella, Frank J., Jr.; Chmiel, Joan S.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Buchacz, Kate; Brooks, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Armon, Carl; Wood, Kathleen] Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. [Novak, Richard M.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. RP Palella, FJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 645 N Michigan Ave,Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM f-palella@northwestern.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2006-18797] FX By the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( contract no. 200-2006-18797). NR 27 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 21 PY 2009 VL 151 IS 2 BP 73 EP W21 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 478RH UT WOS:000268605300001 PM 19620160 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL AF Gerberding, Julie Louise TI Safer Fats for Healthier Hearts: The Case for Eliminating Dietary Artificial Trans Fat Intake SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gerberding, Julie Louise] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), 2484 Briarcliff Rd,Suite 22-188, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM JulieGerberdingMD.LLC@gmail.com NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 21 PY 2009 VL 151 IS 2 BP 137 EP 138 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 478RH UT WOS:000268605300009 PM 19620167 ER PT J AU Boneva, RS Lin, JMS Maloney, EM Jones, JF Reeves, WC AF Boneva, Roumiana S. Lin, Jin-Mann S. Maloney, Elizabeth M. Jones, James F. Reeves, William C. TI Use of medications by people with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy persons: a population-based study of fatiguing illness in Georgia SO HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE OUTCOMES LA English DT Article ID DEPRESSION; DEFINITION; SYMPTOMS; RISK AB Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating condition of unknown etiology and no definitive pharmacotherapy. Patients are usually prescribed symptomatic treatment or self-medicate. We evaluated prescription and non-prescription drug use among persons with CFS in Georgia and compared it to that in non-fatigued Well controls and also to chronically Unwell individuals not fully meeting criteria for CFS. Methods: A population-based, case-control study. To identify persons with possible CFS-like illness and controls, we conducted a random-digit dialing telephone screening of 19,807 Georgia residents, followed by a detailed telephone interview of 5,630 to identify subjects with CFS-like illness, other chronically Unwell, and Well subjects. All those with CFS-like illness (n = 469), a random sample of chronically Unwell subjects (n = 505), and Well individuals (n = 641) who were age-, sex-, race-, and geographically matched to those with CFS-like illness were invited for a clinical evaluation and 783 participated (48% overall response rate). Clinical evaluation identified 113 persons with CFS, 264 Unwell subjects with insufficient symptoms for CFS (named ISF), and 124 Well controls; the remaining 280 subjects had exclusionary medical or psychiatric conditions, and 2 subjects could not be classified. Subjects were asked to bring all medications taken in the past 2 weeks to the clinic where a research nurse viewed and recorded the name and the dose of each medication. Results: More than 90% of persons with CFS used at least one drug or supplement within the preceding two weeks. Among users, people with CFS used an average of 5.8 drugs or supplements, compared to 4.1 by ISF and 3.7 by Well controls. Persons with CFS were significantly more likely to use antidepressants, sedatives, muscle relaxants, and anti-acids than either Well controls or the ISF group. In addition, persons with CFS were significantly more likely to use pain-relievers, antihistamines and cold/sinus medications than were Well controls. Conclusion: Medical care providers of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome should be aware of polypharmacy as a problem in such patients, and the related potential iatrogenic effects and drug interactions. C1 [Boneva, Roumiana S.; Lin, Jin-Mann S.; Maloney, Elizabeth M.; Jones, James F.; Reeves, William C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boneva, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rboneva@cdc.gov; jlin2@cdc.gov; emaloney1@cdc.gov; jfjones@cdc.gov; wreeves@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1477-7525 J9 HEALTH QUAL LIFE OUT JI Health Qual. Life Outcomes PD JUL 20 PY 2009 VL 7 AR 67 DI 10.1186/1477-7525-7-67 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 494BV UT WOS:000269785200001 PM 19619330 ER PT J AU Xing, J Burkom, H Moniz, L Edgerton, J Leuze, M Tokars, J AF Xing, Jian Burkom, Howard Moniz, Linda Edgerton, James Leuze, Michael Tokars, Jerome TI Evaluation of sliding baseline methods for spatial estimation for cluster detection in the biosurveillance system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article AB Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) BioSense system provides near-real time situational awareness for public health monitoring through analysis of electronic health data. Determination of anomalous spatial and temporal disease clusters is a crucial part of the daily disease monitoring task. Our study focused on finding useful anomalies at manageable alert rates according to available BioSense data history. Methods: The study dataset included more than 3 years of daily counts of military outpatient clinic visits for respiratory and rash syndrome groupings. We applied four spatial estimation methods in implementations of space-time scan statistics cross-checked in Matlab and C. We compared the utility of these methods according to the resultant background cluster rate (a false alarm surrogate) and sensitivity to injected cluster signals. The comparison runs used a spatial resolution based on the facility zip code in the patient record and a finer resolution based on the residence zip code. Results: Simple estimation methods that account for day-of-week (DOW) data patterns yielded a clear advantage both in background cluster rate and in signal sensitivity. A 28-day baseline gave the most robust results for this estimation; the preferred baseline is long enough to remove daily fluctuations but short enough to reflect recent disease trends and data representation. Background cluster rates were lower for the rash syndrome counts than for the respiratory counts, likely because of seasonality and the large scale of the respiratory counts. Conclusion: The spatial estimation method should be chosen according to characteristics of the selected data streams. In this dataset with strong day-of-week effects, the overall best detection performance was achieved using subregion averages over a 28-day baseline stratified by weekday or weekend/holiday behavior. Changing the estimation method for particular scenarios involving different spatial resolution or other syndromes can yield further improvement. C1 [Xing, Jian; Tokars, Jerome] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Burkom, Howard; Moniz, Linda] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Edgerton, James] Edge Space Syst Inc, Glenelg, MD 21737 USA. [Leuze, Michael] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xing, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM esw4@cdc.gov; Howard.Burkom@jhuapl.edu; Linda.Moniz@jhuapl.edu; Jim.Edgerton@EdgeSpaceSystems.com; MikeLeuze@hotmail.com; jit1@cdc.gov OI burkom, howard/0000-0003-0667-9467 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-072X J9 INT J HEALTH GEOGR JI Int. J. Health Geogr. PD JUL 17 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 45 DI 10.1186/1476-072X-8-45 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 482MI UT WOS:000268892600001 PM 19615075 ER PT J AU Pitzer, VE Viboud, C Simonsen, L Steiner, C Panozzo, CA Alonso, WJ Miller, MA Glass, RI Glasser, JW Parashar, UD Grenfell, BT AF Pitzer, Virginia E. Viboud, Cecile Simonsen, Lone Steiner, Claudia Panozzo, Catherine A. Alonso, Wladimir J. Miller, Mark A. Glass, Roger I. Glasser, John W. Parashar, Umesh D. Grenfell, Bryan T. TI Demographic Variability, Vaccination, and the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Rotavirus Epidemics SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SPATIAL HIERARCHIES; TRAVELING-WAVES; SEASONALITY; DIARRHEA; EFFICACY; MEASLES; SAFETY; GASTROENTERITIS; PROTECTION AB Historically, annual rotavirus activity in the United States has started in the southwest in late fall and ended in the northeast 3 months later; this trend has diminished in recent years. Traveling waves of infection or local environmental drivers cannot account for these patterns. A transmission model calibrated against epidemiological data shows that spatiotemporal variation in birth rate can explain the timing of rotavirus epidemics. The recent large-scale introduction of rotavirus vaccination provides a natural experiment to further test the impact of susceptible recruitment on disease dynamics. The model predicts a pattern of reduced and lagged epidemics postvaccination, closely matching the observed dynamics. Armed with this validated model, we explore the relative importance of direct and indirect protection, a key issue in determining the worldwide benefits of vaccination. C1 [Pitzer, Virginia E.; Grenfell, Bryan T.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Pitzer, Virginia E.; Viboud, Cecile; Alonso, Wladimir J.; Miller, Mark A.; Glass, Roger I.; Grenfell, Bryan T.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Simonsen, Lone] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Steiner, Claudia] US Dept HHS, Healthcare Cost & Utilizat Project, Ctr Delivery Org & Markets, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Panozzo, Catherine A.; Glasser, John W.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Grenfell, Bryan T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Grenfell, Bryan T.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Pitzer, VE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. EM vep2@psu.edu OI Pitzer, Virginia/0000-0003-1015-2289; Simonsen, Lone/0000-0003-1535-8526 FU NIH [R01 GM083983-01]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate; U.S. Department of Homeland Security FX V.E.P and B.G. were supported by NIH (grant R01 GM083983-01) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. V.E.P, B.G., and L.S. were also supported by the RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the Fogarty International Center, NIH. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 30 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 17 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5938 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1126/science.1172330 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 471DZ UT WOS:000268036600037 PM 19608910 ER PT J AU Capewell, S Hayes, DK Ford, ES Critchley, JA Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Labarthe, DR AF Capewell, Simon Hayes, Donald K. Ford, Earl S. Critchley, Julia A. Croft, Janet B. Greenlund, Kurt J. Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Life-Years Gained Among US Adults From Modern Treatments and Changes in the Prevalence of 6 Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors Between 1980 and 2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coronary disease; mortality; risk factors; therapeutics; United States ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SECONDARY-PREVENTION; MORTALITY-RATES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; DECLINE; EXPECTANCY; REDUCTION; ENGLAND; DEATHS AB Has the recent US decline in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality increased life expectancy? The authors estimated the number of life-years gained from CHD treatments and changes in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors for the US population between 1980 and 2000. The previously validated IMPACT model was used to integrate data on numbers of CHD patients, treatment uptake, treatment effectiveness, population risk factor trends, and median survival among US adults. There were 308,900 fewer CHD deaths in 2000 among Americans aged 25-84 years than if 1980 mortality rates had applied. These 308,900 fewer deaths represented approximately 3,147,800 life-years gained (sensitivity analysis range, 2,448,900-3,744,900). Treatments for patients accounted for approximately 1,092,400 (751,700-1,387,000) life-years gained, whereas changes in the prevalence of population risk factors accounted for a gain of 2,055,500 (1,697,200-2,346,300) life-years. However, the 2,770,500 life-years gained through decreased levels of smoking, cholesterol, blood pressure, and physical inactivity were diminished by a loss of 715,000 life-years attributable to increased rates of obesity and diabetes. Therefore, modest reductions in the prevalence of several major cardiovascular disease risk factors accounted for more than twice as many life-years gained as did treatments. Unfortunately, these gains were partially offset by substantial increases in obesity and diabetes. C1 [Capewell, Simon] Univ Liverpool, Div Publ Hlth, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England. [Hayes, Donald K.; Labarthe, Darwin R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ford, Earl S.; Croft, Janet B.; Greenlund, Kurt J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Critchley, Julia A.] Univ Newcastle, Inst Hlth & Soc, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Capewell, S (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Div Publ Hlth, Whelan Bldg, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England. EM capewell@liverpool.ac.uk FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The work of Drs. E. Ford, D. Hayes, J. Croft, K. Greenlund, and D. Labarthe was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 35 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 170 IS 2 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp150 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 469HU UT WOS:000267887900012 PM 19541856 ER PT J AU Schecter, A Needham, L Pavuk, M Michalek, J Colacino, J Ryan, J Papke, O Birnbaum, L AF Schecter, Arnold Needham, Larry Pavuk, Marian Michalek, Joel Colacino, Justin Ryan, Jake Paepke, Olaf Birnbaum, Linda TI Agent Orange Exposure, Vietnam War Veterans, and the Risk of Prostate Cancer SO CANCER LA English DT Letter ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; AIR-FORCE VETERANS; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; DIOXIN; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; CHEMICALS; TISSUE C1 [Schecter, Arnold] Univ Texas Dallas, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. [Needham, Larry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pavuk, Marian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. [Michalek, Joel] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Colacino, Justin] Univ Texas Dallas, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. [Ryan, Jake] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Paepke, Olaf] Eurofins, Hamburg, Germany. [Birnbaum, Linda] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Schecter, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 115 IS 14 BP 3369 EP 3371 DI 10.1002/cncr.24365 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 468JM UT WOS:000267813700025 PM 19415730 ER PT J AU Miernyk, KM Butler, JC Bulkow, LR Singleton, RJ Hennessy, TW Dentinger, CM Peters, HV Knutsen, B Hickel, J Parkinson, AJ AF Miernyk, Karen M. Butler, Jay C. Bulkow, Lisa R. Singleton, Rosalyn J. Hennessy, Thomas W. Dentinger, Catherine M. Peters, Helen V. Knutsen, Barbara Hickel, Jack Parkinson, Alan J. TI Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Pneumococcal Polysaccharide and Conjugate Vaccines in Alaska Native Adults 55-70 Years of Age SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; ELDERLY ADULTS; DISEASE; VACCINATION; REVACCINATION; CHILDREN; SAFETY; ASSAY AB Background. Vaccination with conjugate vaccines stimulates T cell-dependent immunity, whereas vaccination with polysaccharide vaccines does not. Thus, vaccination with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) followed by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) may offer better protection against invasive pneumococcal disease for older adults than does vaccination with PPV23 alone, which is what is currently recommended. Methods. Alaska Native adults 55-70 years of age with no previous pneumococcal vaccination were randomized to receive (1) PPV23, (2) PCV7 followed 2 months later by PPV23, or (3) PCV7 followed 6 months later by PPV23. Participants recorded reactions after each vaccination. Serum samples collected during the period from May 2002 through February 2003 were tested for serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and for opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) against serotypes 1, 4, 6B, 14, and 19F. Results. Vaccination with PCV7 was well tolerated, but persons receiving PCV7 followed by PPV23 reported more local reactions than those receiving only PPV23. All reactions resolved spontaneously within 72 h of receiving vaccine. The geometric mean IgG concentrations of and the median OPA titers to serotypes 4, 6B, 14, and 19F increased in all groups after 1 dose of either PCV7 or PPV23. Serotype-specific geometric mean IgG concentrations and median OPA titers did not differ between any of the groups after vaccination with PPV23, regardless of whether they had previously received PCV7. Conclusions. In this study, PCV7 given 2 or 6 months before PPV23 was well tolerated but did not improve immune response to PPV23 in older Alaska Native adults. C1 [Butler, Jay C.; Bulkow, Lisa R.; Singleton, Rosalyn J.; Hennessy, Thomas W.; Dentinger, Catherine M.; Parkinson, Alan J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Syst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Miernyk, Karen M.; Singleton, Rosalyn J.; Peters, Helen V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Knutsen, Barbara; Hickel, Jack] Southcentral Fdn, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Miernyk, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Syst, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM kmiernyk@cdc.gov FU Department of Health and Human Services' National Vaccine Program Office FX This study was funded by the Department of Health and Human Services' National Vaccine Program Office. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1086/599824 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 460XU UT WOS:000267226900013 PM 19522655 ER PT J AU Gallagher, LG Chau, S Owaisi, AS Konczyk, M Bishop, HS Arguin, PM Trenholme, GM AF Gallagher, Lauren G. Chau, Sylvie Owaisi, Anjum S. Konczyk, Mary Bishop, Henry S. Arguin, Paul M. Trenholme, Gordon M. TI An 84-Year-Old Woman with Fever and Dark Urine Babesia microti SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEW-YORK C1 [Bishop, Henry S.; Arguin, Paul M.] Ctr Dis Control, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Owaisi, Anjum S.] Metro Infect Dis Consultants, Hinsdale, IL USA. [Gallagher, Lauren G.; Konczyk, Mary] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Trenholme, Gordon M.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Gallagher, LG (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, 122 S Michigan Ave,7th Floor, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. EM lauren.gallagher@illinois.gov FU PHS HHS [U60/CCU007277] NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 278 EP + DI 10.1086/600033 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 460XU UT WOS:000267226900019 PM 19538064 ER PT J AU Uyeki, TM AF Uyeki, Timothy M. TI Human Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus: Review of Clinical Issues SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID NEUTRALIZING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LOWER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; HONG-KONG; HUMAN-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; COMBINATION THERAPY; HIGH VIRULENCE; SUBTYPE H5N1; CHINA AB This article provides an updated review of the clinical issues related to human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. The clinical data available to date are presented, as well as recent findings on the pathogenesis of and antiviral treatment and immunotherapy for H5N1 virus infection in humans and animal models. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Prevent Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Uyeki, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Prevent Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MS A-20,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tuyeki@cdc.gov NR 129 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.1086/600035 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 460XU UT WOS:000267226900020 PM 19522652 ER PT J AU Chalermchockcharoenkit, A Culnane, M Chotpitayasunondh, T Vanprapa, N Leelawiwat, W Mock, PA Asavapiriyanont, S Teeraratkul, A McConnell, MS McNicholl, JM Tappero, JW AF Chalermchockcharoenkit, Amphan Culnane, Mary Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee Vanprapa, Nirun Leelawiwat, Wanna Mock, Philip A. Asavapiriyanont, Suvanna Teeraratkul, Achara McConnell, Michelle S. McNicholl, Janet M. Tappero, Jordan W. TI Antiretroviral Resistance Patterns and HIV-1 Subtype in Mother-Infant Pairs after the Administration of Combination Short-Course Zidovudine plus Single-Dose Nevirapine for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; WOMEN; THERAPY; PERSISTENCE; MUTATIONS; EXPOSURE; THAILAND; NVP AB Background. World Health Organization guidelines for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) recommend administration of zidovudine and single-dose nevirapine (NVP) for HIV-1-infected women who are not receiving treatment for their own health or if complex regimens are not available. This study assessed antiretroviral resistance patterns among HIV-infected women and infants receiving single-dose NVP in Thailand, where the predominant circulating HIV-1 strains are CRF01_AE recombinants and where the minority are subtype B. Methods. Venous blood samples were obtained from (1) HIV-infected women who received zidovudine from 34 weeks' gestation and single-dose NVP plus oral zidovudine during labor and (2) HIV-infected infants who received single-dose NVP after birth plus zidovudine for 4 weeks after delivery. HIV-1 drug resistance testing was performed using the TruGene assay (Bayer HealthCare). Results. Most mothers and infants were infected with CRF01_A E. NVP resistance was detected in 34 (18%) of 190 women and 2 (20%) of 10 infants. There was a significantly higher proportion of NVP mutations in women with delivery viral loads of 150,000 copies/mL (adjusted odds ratio, 8.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-32.8, Pp.002 for linear trend) and in those with subtype B rather than CRF01_AE infections (38% vs. 16%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-11.8; Pp. 038). Conclusions. The lower frequency of NVP mutations among mothers infected with subtype CRF01_AE, compared with mothers infected with subtype B, suggests that individuals infected with subtype CRF01_AE may be less susceptible to the induction of NVP resistance than are individuals infected with subtype B. C1 [Chalermchockcharoenkit, Amphan] Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Culnane, Mary; Leelawiwat, Wanna; Mock, Philip A.; Teeraratkul, Achara; McConnell, Michelle S.; McNicholl, Janet M.; Tappero, Jordan W.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Vanprapa, Nirun] Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Asavapiriyanont, Suvanna] Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Med Serv, Bangkok, Thailand. [Asavapiriyanont, Suvanna] Rajavithi Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bangkok, Thailand. [Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee] Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Culnane, Mary; McConnell, Michelle S.; Tappero, Jordan W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [McNicholl, Janet M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chalermchockcharoenkit, A (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, 2 Pran Nok Rd, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. EM siacl@mahidol.ac.th; janetm@th.cdc.gov OI chalermchockcharoenkit, amphan/0000-0001-5776-6988 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1086/599612 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 460XU UT WOS:000267226900022 PM 19522656 ER PT J AU Clasen, T Bartram, J Colford, J Luby, S Quick, R Sobsey, M AF Clasen, Thomas Bartram, Jamie Colford, John Luby, Stephen Quick, Robert Sobsey, Mark TI Comment on "Household Water Treatment in Poor Populations: Is There Enough Evidence for Scaling up Now?" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DRINKING-WATER; DIARRHEA; STORAGE; TRIAL; AREAS C1 [Clasen, Thomas] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. [Bartram, Jamie; Sobsey, Mark] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Colford, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Quick, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Clasen, T (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. OI Bartram, Jamie/0000-0002-6542-6315 NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 14 BP 5542 EP 5544 DI 10.1021/es9008147 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 472NE UT WOS:000268138000061 PM 19708394 ER PT J AU Katz, J Hancock, K Veguilla, V Zhong, W Lu, XH Sun, H Butler, E Dong, L Liu, F Li, ZN Devos, J Gargiullo, P Cox, N AF Katz, J. Hancock, K. Veguilla, V. Zhong, W. Lu, X. H. Sun, H. Butler, E. Dong, L. Liu, F. Li, Z. N. DeVos, J. Gargiullo, P. Cox, N. TI Serum Cross-Reactive Antibody Response to a Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus After Vaccination With Seasonal Influenza Vaccine (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 521-524, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Katz, J.; Hancock, K.; Veguilla, V.; Zhong, W.; Lu, X. H.; Sun, H.; Butler, E.; Dong, L.; Liu, F.; Li, Z. N.; DeVos, J.; Gargiullo, P.; Cox, N.] CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katz, J (reprint author), CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 302 IS 3 BP 249 EP 250 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 470BR UT WOS:000267948100009 ER PT J AU Davis, S Malarcher, A Thorne, S Maurice, E Trosclair, A Mowery, P AF Davis, S. Malarcher, A. Thorne, S. Maurice, E. Trosclair, A. Mowery, P. TI State-Specific Prevalence and Trends in Adult Cigarette Smoking-United States, 1998-2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 221-226, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Davis, S.; Malarcher, A.; Thorne, S.; Maurice, E.; Trosclair, A.; Mowery, P.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Davis, S (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 302 IS 3 BP 250 EP 252 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 470BR UT WOS:000267948100010 ER PT J AU Collins, J Koplan, JP AF Collins, Janet Koplan, Jeffrey P. TI Health Impact Assessment A Step Toward Health in All Policies SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID US C1 [Koplan, Jeffrey P.] Emory Univ, Emory Global Hlth Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Collins, Janet] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koplan, JP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Emory Global Hlth Inst, 1599 Clifton Rd NE,Ste 6101, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jkoplan@emory.edu NR 9 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 302 IS 3 BP 315 EP 317 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 470BR UT WOS:000267948100025 PM 19602691 ER PT J AU Chen, N Ye, YM Zou, J Li, SY Wanga, SM Martin, A Wohlhueter, R Yang, JJ AF Chen, Ning Ye, Yiming Zou, Jin Li, Shunyi Wanga, Siming Martin, Amy Wohlhueter, Robert Yang, Jenny J. TI Fluorescence complementation via EF-hand interactions SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EGFP; Fluorescence complementation; EF-hand; Calcium-dependent; Protein-protein interactions; EGFP fluorescent fragment ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; CALCIUM-BINDING; LIVING CELLS; IN-VIVO; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TROPONIN-C; GFP; CALMODULIN; DOMAIN; CHROMOPHORE AB Fluorescence complementation technology with fluorescent proteins is a powerful approach to investigate molecular recognition by monitoring fluorescence enhancement when non-fluorescent fragments of fluorescent proteins are fused with target proteins, resulting in a new fluorescent complex. Extension of the technology to calcium-dependent protein-protein interactions has, however, rarely been reported. Here, a linker containing trypsin cleavage sites was grafted onto enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Under physiological conditions, a modified fluorescent protein, EGFP-T1, was cleaved into two major fragments which continue to interact with each other, exhibiting strong optical and fluorescence signals. The larger fragment. comprised of amino acids 1-172, including the chromophore, retains only weak fluorescence. Strong green fluorescence was observed when plasmid DNA encoding complementary EGFP fragments fused to the EF-hand motifs of calbindin D9k (EF1 and EF2) were co-transfected into HeLa cells, suggesting that chromophore maturation and fluorescence complementation from EGFP fragments can be accomplished intracellularly by reassembly of EF-hand motifs, which have a strong tendency for dimerization. Moreover, an intracellular calcium increase upon addition of a calcium ionophore, ionomycin in living cells, results in an increase Of fluorescence signal. This novel application of calcium-dependent fluorescence complementation has the potential to monitor protein-protein interactions triggered by calcium signalling pathways in living cells. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chen, Ning; Zou, Jin; Li, Shunyi; Wanga, Siming; Yang, Jenny J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Drug Design & Adv Biotechnol, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Ye, Yiming; Martin, Amy; Wohlhueter, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. RP Yang, JJ (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Drug Design & Adv Biotechnol, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM chejjy@langate.gsu.edu FU NIH [GM 62999-1, GM-70555]; GSU Molecular Basis of Disease Pre-doctoral Fellowship FX We would like to thank Dan Adams, Michael Kirberger and Wei Yang for their critical reviews of this manuscript and helpful discussions and other members of Dr. Yang's group for their helpful discussions and suggestions. This work is supported in part by the following sponsors: NIH GM 62999-1, GM-70555 to JJY and GSU Molecular Basis of Disease Pre-doctoral Fellowship to NC. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.05.007 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 481PI UT WOS:000268823400004 PM 19500621 ER PT J AU Supapol, WB Remis, RS Raboud, J Millson, M Tappero, J Kaul, R Kulkarni, P McConnell, MS Mock, PA McNicholl, JM Vanprapar, N Asavapiriyanont, S Shaffer, N Butera, S AF Supapol, W. Bhanich Remis, R. S. Raboud, J. Millson, M. Tappero, J. Kaul, R. Kulkarni, P. McConnell, M. S. Mock, P. A. McNicholl, J. M. Vanprapar, N. Asavapiriyanont, S. Shaffer, N. Butera, S. TI Mother-to-Child Transmission of GB Virus C in a Cohort of Women Coinfected with GB Virus C and HIV in Bangkok, Thailand SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International AIDS Conference CY AUG 13-18, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA ID HEPATITIS-G VIRUS; C/HEPATITIS G VIRUS; INFANT TRANSMISSION; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; C/HGV; PREVALENCE; PROGRESSION; AFRICA AB Background. GB virus C (GBV-C) is an apathogenic virus that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in vitro. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of GBV-C has been observed in multiple small studies. Our study examined the rate and correlates of MTCT of GBV-C in a large cohort of GBV-C-HIV-coinfected pregnant women in Thailand. Methods. Maternal delivery plasma specimens from 245 GBV-C-HIV- infected women and specimens from their infants at 4 or 6 months of age were tested for GBV-C RNA. Associations with MTCT of GBV-C were examined using logistic regression. Results. One hundred one (41%) of 245 infants acquired GBV-C infection. MTCT of GBV-C was independently associated with maternal antiretroviral therapy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 5.21 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.12-12.81]), infant HIV infection (AOR, 0.05 [95% CI, 0.01-0.26]), maternal GBV-C load (>= 8.0 log(10) copies/mL: AOR, 86.77 [95% CI, 15.27-481.70]; 7.0-7.9 log(10) copies/mL: AOR, 45.62 [95% CI, 8.41-247.51]; 5.0-6.9 log(10) copies/mL: AOR, 9.07 [95% CI, 1.85-44.33]: reference, <5 log(10) viral copies/mL), and caesarean delivery (AOR, 0.26 [ 95% CI, 0.12-0.59]). Conclusions. Associations with maternal GBV-C load and mode of delivery suggest transmission during pregnancy and delivery. Despite mode of delivery being a common risk factor for virus transmission, GBV-C and HIV were rarely cotransmitted. The mechanisms by which maternal receipt of antiretroviral therapy might increase MTCT of GBV-C are unknown. C1 [Supapol, W. Bhanich; Remis, R. S.; Raboud, J.; Millson, M.] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada. [Kaul, R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Fac Med, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada. [Raboud, J.; Kaul, R.] Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Tappero, J.; McConnell, M. S.; Shaffer, N.] Global AIDS Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Mock, P. A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Vanprapar, N.] Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Asavapiriyanont, S.] Rajavithi Hosp, Dept Med Serv, Bangkok, Thailand. [Kulkarni, P.; McNicholl, J. M.; Butera, S.] CDC, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shaffer, N.] CDC, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Supapol, WB (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, 155 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada. EM supapol@cogeco.ca NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 200 IS 2 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.1086/599793 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 458RD UT WOS:000267040300010 ER PT J AU Belser, JA Wadford, DA Xu, JG Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Belser, Jessica A. Wadford, Debra A. Xu, Jianguo Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Ocular Infection of Mice with Influenza A (H7) Viruses: a Site of Primary Replication and Spread to the Respiratory Tract SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIAN-INFLUENZA; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; STROMAL KERATITIS; HONG-KONG; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HUMAN-BEINGS; H5N1; HUMANS; HEMAGGLUTININ; CONJUNCTIVITIS AB Avian H7 influenza viruses have been responsible for poultry outbreaks worldwide and have resulted in numerous cases of human infection in recent years. The high rate of conjunctivitis associated with avian H7 subtype virus infections may represent a portal of entry for avian influenza viruses and highlights the need to better understand the apparent ocular tropism observed in humans. To study this, mice were inoculated by the ocular route with viruses of multiple subtypes and degrees of virulence. We found that in contrast to human (H3N2 and H1N1) viruses, H7N7 viruses isolated from The Netherlands in 2003 and H7N3 viruses isolated from British Columbia, Canada, in 2004, two subtypes that were highly virulent for poultry, replicated to a significant titer in the mouse eye. Remarkably, an H7N7 virus, as well as some avian H5N1 viruses, spread systemically following ocular inoculation, including to the brain, resulting in morbidity and mortality of mice. This correlated with efficient replication of highly pathogenic H7 and H5 subtypes in murine corneal epithelial sheets (ex vivo) and primary human corneal epithelial cells (in vitro). Influenza viruses were labeled to identify the virus attachment site in the mouse cornea. Although we found abundant H7 virus attachment to corneal epithelial tissue, this did not account for the differences in virus replication as multiple subtypes were able to attach to these cells. These findings demonstrate that avian influenza viruses within H7 and H5 subtypes are capable of using the eye as a portal of entry. C1 [Belser, Jessica A.; Wadford, Debra A.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Xu, Jianguo] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MS G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 14 BP 7075 EP 7084 DI 10.1128/JVI.00535-09 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 462LO UT WOS:000267354300011 PM 19458003 ER PT J AU Harden, CL Hopp, J Ting, TY Pennell, PB French, JA Hauser, WA Wiebe, S Gronseth, GS Thurman, D Meador, KJ Koppel, BS Kaplan, PW Robinson, JN Gidal, B Hovinga, CA Wilner, AN Vazquez, B Holmes, L Krumholz, A Finnell, R Le Guen, C AF Harden, C. L. Hopp, J. Ting, T. Y. Pennell, P. B. French, J. A. Hauser, W. A. Wiebe, S. Gronseth, G. S. Thurman, D. Meador, K. J. Koppel, B. S. Kaplan, P. W. Robinson, J. N. Gidal, B. Hovinga, C. A. Wilner, A. N. Vazquez, B. Holmes, L. Krumholz, A. Finnell, R. Le Guen, C. TI Practice Parameter update: Management issues for women with epilepsy-Focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): Obstetrical complications and change in seizure frequency Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID PERSPECTIVE; PUERPERIUM; LIFE AB Objective: To reassess the evidence for management issues related to the care of women with epilepsy (WWE) during pregnancy, including the risk of pregnancy complications or other medical problems during pregnancy in WWE compared to other women, change in seizure frequency, the risk of status epilepticus, and the rate of remaining seizure-free during pregnancy. Methods: A 20-member committee including general neurologists, epileptologists, and doctors in pharmacy evaluated the available evidence based on a structured literature review and classification of relevant articles published between 1985 and February 2008. Results: For WWE taking antiepileptic drugs, there is probably no substantially increased risk (greater than two times expected) of cesarean delivery or late pregnancy bleeding, and probably no moderately increased risk (greater than 1.5 times expected) of premature contractions or premature labor and delivery. There is possibly a substantially increased risk of premature contractions and premature labor and delivery during pregnancy for WWE who smoke. Seizure freedom for at least 9 months prior to pregnancy is probably associated with a high likelihood (84%-92%) of remaining seizure-free during pregnancy. Recommendations: Women with epilepsy (WWE) should be counseled that seizure freedom for at least 9 months prior to pregnancy is probably associated with a high rate (84%-92%) of remaining seizure-free during pregnancy (Level B). However, WWE who smoke should be counseled that they possibly have a substantially increased risk of premature contractions and premature labor and delivery during pregnancy (Level C). Neurology(R) 2009; 73: 126-132 C1 [Harden, C. L.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Hopp, J.; Ting, T. Y.; Krumholz, A.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Pennell, P. B.; Meador, K. J.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [French, J. A.] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Hauser, W. A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Wiebe, S.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Gronseth, G. S.] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. [Thurman, D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Koppel, B. S.] New York Med Coll, New York, NY USA. [Kaplan, P. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Robinson, J. N.; Holmes, L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Gidal, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hovinga, C. A.] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN USA. [Finnell, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Le Guen, C.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Harden, CL (reprint author), Amer Acad Neurol, 1080 Montreal Ave, St Paul, MN 55116 USA. EM guidelines@aan.com RI French, Jacqueline/G-6795-2013 OI French, Jacqueline/0000-0003-2242-8027 FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS038455, R01 NS038455-09] NR 22 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUL 14 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 126 EP 132 DI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a6b2f8 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 469XX UT WOS:000267936400009 PM 19398682 ER PT J AU Harden, CL Meador, KJ Pennell, PB Hauser, WA Gronseth, GS French, JA Wiebe, S Thurman, D Koppel, BS Kaplan, PW Robinson, JN Hopp, J Ting, TY Gidal, B Hovinga, CA Wilner, AN Vazquez, B Holmes, L Krumholz, A Finnell, R Hirtz, D Le Guen, C AF Harden, C. L. Meador, K. J. Pennell, P. B. Hauser, W. A. Gronseth, G. S. French, J. A. Wiebe, S. Thurman, D. Koppel, B. S. Kaplan, P. W. Robinson, J. N. Hopp, J. Ting, T. Y. Gidal, B. Hovinga, C. A. Wilner, A. N. Vazquez, B. Holmes, L. Krumholz, A. Finnell, R. Hirtz, D. Le Guen, C. TI Practice Parameter update: Management issues for women with epilepsy-Focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): Teratogenesis and perinatal outcomes Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; IN-UTERO; MATERNAL EPILEPSY; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT; ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; INTELLIGENCE; VALPROATE AB Objective: To reassess the evidence for management issues related to the care of women with epilepsy (WWE) during pregnancy. Methods: Systematic review of relevant articles published between January 1985 and June 2007. Results: It is highly probable that intrauterine first-trimester valproate (VPA) exposure has higher risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs) compared to carbamazepine and possible compared to phenytoin or lamotrigine. Compared to untreated WWE, it is probable that VPA as part of polytherapy and possible that VPA as monotherapy contribute to the development of MCMs. It is probable that antiepileptic drug (AED) polytherapy as compared to monotherapy regimens contributes to the development of MCMs and to reduced cognitive outcomes. For monotherapy, intrauterine exposure to VPA probably reduces cognitive outcomes. Further, monotherapy exposure to phenytoin or phenobarbital possibly reduces cognitive outcomes. Neonates of WWE taking AEDs probably have an increased risk of being small for gestational age and possibly have an increased risk of a 1-minute Apgar score of <7. Recommendations: If possible, avoidance of valproate (VPA) and antiepileptic drug (AED) polytherapy during the first trimester of pregnancy should be considered to decrease the risk of major congenital malformations (Level B). If possible, avoidance of VPA and AED polytherapy throughout pregnancy should be considered to prevent reduced cognitive outcomes (Level B). If possible, avoidance of phenytoin and phenobarbital during pregnancy may be considered to prevent reduced cognitive outcomes (Level C). Pregnancy risk stratification should reflect that the offspring of women with epilepsy taking AEDs are probably at increased risk for being small for gestational age (Level B) and possibly at increased risk of 1-minute Apgar scores of <7 (Level C). Neurology(R) 2009; 73: 133-141 C1 [Harden, C. L.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Meador, K. J.; Pennell, P. B.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Hauser, W. A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Gronseth, G. S.] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. [French, J. A.] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Wiebe, S.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Thurman, D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Koppel, B. S.] New York Med Coll, New York, NY USA. [Kaplan, P. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Robinson, J. N.; Holmes, L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Hopp, J.; Ting, T. Y.; Krumholz, A.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Gidal, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hovinga, C. A.] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN USA. [Finnell, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Hirtz, D.] NINDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Le Guen, C.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Harden, CL (reprint author), Amer Acad Neurol, 1080 Montreal Ave, St Paul, MN 55116 USA. EM guidelines@aan.com RI French, Jacqueline/G-6795-2013 OI French, Jacqueline/0000-0003-2242-8027 FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS038455, R01 NS038455-09] NR 40 TC 125 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUL 14 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a6b312 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 469XX UT WOS:000267936400010 PM 19398681 ER PT J AU Harden, CL Pennell, PB Koppel, BS Hovinga, CA Gidal, B Meador, KJ Hopp, J Ting, TY Hauser, WA Thurman, D Kaplan, PW Robinson, JN French, JA Wiebe, S Wilner, AN Vazquez, B Holmes, L Krumholz, A Finnell, R Shafer, PO Le Guen, C AF Harden, C. L. Pennell, P. B. Koppel, B. S. Hovinga, C. A. Gidal, B. Meador, K. J. Hopp, J. Ting, T. Y. Hauser, W. A. Thurman, D. Kaplan, P. W. Robinson, J. N. French, J. A. Wiebe, S. Wilner, A. N. Vazquez, B. Holmes, L. Krumholz, A. Finnell, R. Shafer, P. O. Le Guen, C. TI Practice Parameter update: Management issues for women with epilepsy-Focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): Vitamin K, folic acid, blood levels, and breastfeeding Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; PLACENTAL-TRANSFER; NURSED INFANTS; PROTEIN-BINDING; VALPROIC ACID; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; MAJOR MALFORMATIONS; FETAL ACCUMULATION; LACTATION PERIOD; NEONATAL-PERIOD AB Objective: To reassess the evidence for management issues related to the care of women with epilepsy (WWE) during pregnancy, including preconceptional folic acid use, prenatal vitamin K use, risk of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, clinical implications of placental and breast milk transfer of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), risks of breastfeeding, and change in AED levels during pregnancy. Methods: A 20-member committee evaluated the available evidence based on a structured literature review and classification of relevant articles published between 1985 and October 2007. Results: Preconceptional folic acid supplementation is possibly effective in preventing major congenital malformations in the newborns of WWE taking AEDs. There is inadequate evidence to determine if the newborns of WWE taking AEDs have a substantially increased risk of hemorrhagic complications. Primidone and levetiracetam probably transfer into breast milk in amounts that may be clinically important. Valproate, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine probably are not transferred into breast milk in clinically important amounts. Pregnancy probably causes an increase in the clearance and a decrease in the concentration of lamotrigine, phenytoin, and to a lesser extent carbamazepine, and possibly decreases the level of levetiracetam and the active oxcarbazepine metabolite, the monohydroxy derivative. Recommendations: Supplementing women with epilepsy with at least 0.4 mg of folic acid before they become pregnant may be considered (Level C). Monitoring of lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and phenytoin levels during pregnancy should be considered (Level B) and monitoring of levetiracetam and oxcarbazepine (as monohydroxy derivative) levels may be considered (Level C). A paucity of evidence limited the strength of many recommendations. Neurology(R) 2009; 73: 142-149 C1 [Harden, C. L.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Pennell, P. B.; Meador, K. J.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Koppel, B. S.] New York Med Coll, New York, NY USA. [Hovinga, C. A.] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN USA. [Gidal, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hopp, J.; Ting, T. Y.; Krumholz, A.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Thurman, D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kaplan, P. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Robinson, J. N.; Holmes, L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [French, J. A.] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Wiebe, S.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Finnell, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Shafer, P. O.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Le Guen, C.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Harden, CL (reprint author), Amer Acad Neurol, 1080 Montreal Ave, St Paul, MN 55116 USA. EM guidelines@aan.com RI French, Jacqueline/G-6795-2013 OI French, Jacqueline/0000-0003-2242-8027 FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS038455, R01 NS038455-09] NR 40 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUL 14 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 142 EP 149 DI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a6b325 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 469XX UT WOS:000267936400011 PM 19398680 ER PT J AU Martin, ET Krantz, E Gottlieb, SL Magaret, AS Langenberg, A Stanberry, L Kamb, M Wald, A AF Martin, Emily T. Krantz, Elizabeth Gottlieb, Sami L. Magaret, Amalia S. Langenberg, Andria Stanberry, Lawrence Kamb, Mary Wald, Anna TI A Pooled Analysis of the Effect of Condoms in Preventing HSV-2 Acquisition SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-2; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; GENITAL HERPES; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; HIV; PREVALENCE AB Background: The degree of effectiveness of condom use in preventing the transmission of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is uncertain. To address this issue, we performed a large pooled analysis. Methods: We identified prospective studies with individual-level condom use data and laboratory-defined HSV-2 acquisition. Six studies were identified through a review of publications through 2007: 3 candidate HSV-2 vaccine studies, an HSV-2 drug study, an observational sexually transmitted infection (STI) incidence study, and a behavioral STI intervention study. Study investigators provided us individual-level data to perform a pooled analysis. Effect of condom use was modeled using a continuous percentage of sex acts during which a condom was used and, alternatively, using absolute numbers of unprotected sex acts. Results: A total of 5384 HSV-2-negative people at baseline contributed 2 040 894 follow-up days; 415 persons acquired laboratory-documented HSV-2 during follow-up. Consistent condom users (used 100% of the time) had a 30% lower risk of HSV-2 acquisition compared with those who never used condoms (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.94) (P=.01). Risk for HSV-2 acquisition increased steadily and significantly with each unprotected sex act (HR, 1.16; 95% Cl, 1.08-1.25) (P<.001). Condom effectiveness did not vary by gender. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest analysis using prospective data to assess the effect of condom use in preventing HSV-2 acquisition. Although the magnitude of protection was not as large as has been observed with other STIs, we found that condoms offer moderate protection against HSV-2 acquisition in men and women. C1 [Martin, Emily T.; Wald, Anna] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Krantz, Elizabeth; Magaret, Amalia S.; Wald, Anna] Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wald, Anna] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Martin, Emily T.] Seattle Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA. [Gottlieb, Sami L.; Kamb, Mary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Magaret, Amalia S.; Wald, Anna] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Vaccine & Infect Dis Inst, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Langenberg, Andria] Chiron Corp, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Stanberry, Lawrence] Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Martin, ET (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, 1900 9th Ave,C9S-9C, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM Ejt3@u.washington.edu RI Wald, Anna/B-6272-2012 OI Wald, Anna/0000-0003-3486-6438 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and infectious Diseases [P01 AI-030731, K24 AI-107113] FX Funding for this project was provided by grants P01 AI-030731 and K24 AI-107113 from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and infectious Diseases (Dr Wald). NR 52 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUL 13 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 13 BP 1233 EP 1240 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 473EN UT WOS:000268188900012 PM 19597073 ER PT J AU Oeltmann, JE Kammerer, JS Pevzner, ES Moonan, PK AF Oeltmann, John E. Kammerer, J. Steve Pevzner, Eric S. Moonan, Patrick K. TI Tuberculosis and Substance Abuse Reply SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID TOBACCO C1 [Oeltmann, John E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oeltmann, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail St P E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jeo3@cdc.gov RI Moonan, Patrick/F-4307-2014; OI Moonan, Patrick/0000-0002-3550-2065 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUL 13 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 13 BP 1245 EP 1246 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 473EN UT WOS:000268188900019 ER PT J AU Garten, RJ Davis, CT Russell, CA Shu, B Lindstrom, S Balish, A Sessions, WM Xu, XY Skepner, E Deyde, V Okomo-Adhiambo, M Gubareva, L Barnes, J Smith, CB Emery, SL Hillman, MJ Rivailler, P Smagala, J de Graaf, M Burke, DF Fouchier, RAM Pappas, C Alpuche-Aranda, CM Lopez-Gatell, H Olivera, H Lopez, I Myers, CA Faix, D Blair, PJ Yu, C Keene, KM Dotson, PD Boxrud, D Sambol, AR Abid, SH George, KS Bannerman, T Moore, AL Stringer, DJ Blevins, P Demmler-Harrison, GJ Ginsberg, M Kriner, P Waterman, S Smole, S Guevara, HF Belongia, EA Clark, PA Beatrice, ST Donis, R Katz, J Finelli, L Bridges, CB Shaw, M Jernigan, DB Uyeki, TM Smith, DJ Klimov, AI Cox, NJ AF Garten, Rebecca J. Davis, C. Todd Russell, Colin A. Shu, Bo Lindstrom, Stephen Balish, Amanda Sessions, Wendy M. Xu, Xiyan Skepner, Eugene Deyde, Varough Okomo-Adhiambo, Margaret Gubareva, Larisa Barnes, John Smith, Catherine B. Emery, Shannon L. Hillman, Michael J. Rivailler, Pierre Smagala, James de Graaf, Miranda Burke, David F. Fouchier, Ron A. M. Pappas, Claudia Alpuche-Aranda, Celia M. Lopez-Gatell, Hugo Olivera, Hiram Lopez, Irma Myers, Christopher A. Faix, Dennis Blair, Patrick J. Yu, Cindy Keene, Kimberly M. Dotson, P. David, Jr. Boxrud, David Sambol, Anthony R. Abid, Syed H. George, Kirsten St. Bannerman, Tammy Moore, Amanda L. Stringer, David J. Blevins, Patricia Demmler-Harrison, Gail J. Ginsberg, Michele Kriner, Paula Waterman, Steve Smole, Sandra Guevara, Hugo F. Belongia, Edward A. Clark, Patricia A. Beatrice, Sara T. Donis, Ruben Katz, Jacqueline Finelli, Lyn Bridges, Carolyn B. Shaw, Michael Jernigan, Daniel B. Uyeki, Timothy M. Smith, Derek J. Klimov, Alexander I. Cox, Nancy J. TI Antigenic and Genetic Characteristics of Swine-Origin 2009 A(H1N1) Influenza Viruses Circulating in Humans SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; EVOLUTION; PIGS; PATHOGENICITY; TRANSMISSION; EMERGENCE; INFECTION AB Since its identification in April 2009, an A(H1N1) virus containing a unique combination of gene segments from both North American and Eurasian swine lineages has continued to circulate in humans. The lack of similarity between the 2009 A(H1N1) virus and its nearest relatives indicates that its gene segments have been circulating undetected for an extended period. Its low genetic diversity suggests that the introduction into humans was a single event or multiple events of similar viruses. Molecular markers predictive of adaptation to humans are not currently present in 2009 A(H1N1) viruses, suggesting that previously unrecognized molecular determinants could be responsible for the transmission among humans. Antigenically the viruses are homogeneous and similar to North American swine A(H1N1) viruses but distinct from seasonal human A(H1N1). C1 [Russell, Colin A.; Skepner, Eugene; de Graaf, Miranda; Burke, David F.; Smith, Derek J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Garten, Rebecca J.; Davis, C. Todd; Shu, Bo; Lindstrom, Stephen; Balish, Amanda; Sessions, Wendy M.; Xu, Xiyan; Skepner, Eugene; Deyde, Varough; Okomo-Adhiambo, Margaret; Gubareva, Larisa; Barnes, John; Smith, Catherine B.; Emery, Shannon L.; Hillman, Michael J.; Rivailler, Pierre; Smagala, James; Pappas, Claudia; Guevara, Hugo F.; Belongia, Edward A.; Clark, Patricia A.; Beatrice, Sara T.; Donis, Ruben; Katz, Jacqueline; Finelli, Lyn; Bridges, Carolyn B.; Shaw, Michael; Jernigan, Daniel B.; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Klimov, Alexander I.; Cox, Nancy J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Influenza, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Russell, Colin A.; Smith, Derek J.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [de Graaf, Miranda; Fouchier, Ron A. M.; Smith, Derek J.] Erasmus MC, Dept Virol, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Alpuche-Aranda, Celia M.; Lopez-Gatell, Hugo; Olivera, Hiram; Lopez, Irma] InDRE Prolongac Carpio, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. [Myers, Christopher A.; Faix, Dennis; Blair, Patrick J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Yu, Cindy] Arizona State Publ Hlth Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [Keene, Kimberly M.] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80230 USA. [Dotson, P. David, Jr.] Indiana State Dept Hlth Labs, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Boxrud, David] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. [Sambol, Anthony R.] Nebraska Publ Hlth Lab, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Abid, Syed H.] Westchester Cty Dept Labs & Res Publ Hlth Labs, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [George, Kirsten St.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Slingerlands, NY USA. [Bannerman, Tammy] Ohio Dept Hlth Lab, Reynoldsburg, OH USA. [Moore, Amanda L.] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29223 USA. [Stringer, David J.] Dallas Cty Hlth & Human Serv, Dallas, TX 75207 USA. [Blevins, Patricia] San Antonio Metro Hlth Dist, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Demmler-Harrison, Gail J.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Diagnost Virol Lab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ginsberg, Michele] San Diego Publ Hlth Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Kriner, Paula] Imperial Cty Publ Hlth Dept, El Centro, CA 92243 USA. [Waterman, Steve] CDC, Border Infect Dis Surveillance Project, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smole, Sandra] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, William A Hinton State Lab Inst, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. [Guevara, Hugo F.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Belongia, Edward A.] Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Clark, Patricia A.] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. [Beatrice, Sara T.] NYU, Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Publ Hlth Lab, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM dsmith@zoo.cam.ac.uk; njc1@cdc.gov RI Bannerman, Tammy/E-2694-2011; burke, david/C-2091-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Fouchier, Ron/A-1911-2014; OI Fouchier, Ron/0000-0001-8095-2869; burke, david/0000-0001-8830-3951; Russell, Colin/0000-0002-2113-162X FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [HHSN266200700010C]; International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations [RG51953]; Research Fellowship from Clare College, Cambridge; NIH [DP1-OD000490-01]; European Union [223498 EMPERIE]; Human Frontier Science Program [RG P0050/2008] FX We thank the many individuals at the local, state, and national levels for their enormous contributions to the surveillance of the 2009 A(H1N1) virus; the entire CDC Influenza Division staff and emergency staff; the maintainers of the GISAID EpiFluDB and NCBI GenBank/IVR, and the members of the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network. The findings and conclusions of this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. R.A.M.F. was supported by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases under NIH contract HHSN266200700010C. E.S. was supported in part by the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations through grant RG51953. C.A.R. was supported in part by a Research Fellowship from Clare College, Cambridge. D.J.S., C.A.R., E.S., and D.F.B. were supported by an NIH Directors Pioneer Award, part of the NIH roadmap for medical research, through grant DP1-OD000490-01, an FP7 grant, 223498 EMPERIE, from the European Union, and program grant RG P0050/2008 from the Human Frontier Science Program. GenBank accession numbers are listed in the Supporting Online Material NR 38 TC 1372 Z9 1481 U1 16 U2 215 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 10 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5937 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1126/science.1176225 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 468FK UT WOS:000267802000046 PM 19465683 ER PT J AU Barrette, RW Metwally, SA Rowland, JM Xu, LZ Zaki, SR Nichol, ST Rollin, PE Towner, JS Shieh, WJ Batten, B Sealy, TK Carrillo, C Moran, KE Bracht, AJ Mayr, GA Sirios-Cruz, M Catbagan, DP Lautner, EA Ksiazek, TG White, WR McIntosh, MT AF Barrette, Roger W. Metwally, Samia A. Rowland, Jessica M. Xu, Lizhe Zaki, Sherif R. Nichol, Stuart T. Rollin, Pierre E. Towner, Jonathan S. Shieh, Wun-Ju Batten, Brigid Sealy, Tara K. Carrillo, Consuelo Moran, Karen E. Bracht, Alexa J. Mayr, Gregory A. Sirios-Cruz, Magdalena Catbagan, Davinio P. Lautner, Elizabeth A. Ksiazek, Thomas G. White, William R. McIntosh, Michael T. TI Discovery of Swine as a Host for the Reston ebolavirus SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME-VIRUS; BATS; PHILIPPINES; RESERVOIRS; VIRULENCE; CHINA AB Since the discovery of the Marburg and Ebola species of filovirus, seemingly random, sporadic fatal outbreaks of disease in humans and nonhuman primates have given impetus to identification of host tropisms and potential reservoirs. Domestic swine in the Philippines, experiencing unusually severe outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome, have now been discovered to host Reston ebolavirus (REBOV). Although REBOV is the only member of Filoviridae that has not been associated with disease in humans, its emergence in the human food chain is of concern. REBOV isolates were found to be more divergent from each other than from the original virus isolated in 1989, indicating polyphyletic origins and that REBOV has been circulating since, and possibly before, the initial discovery of REBOV in monkeys. C1 [Barrette, Roger W.; Metwally, Samia A.; Rowland, Jessica M.; Xu, Lizhe; Carrillo, Consuelo; Moran, Karen E.; Bracht, Alexa J.; Mayr, Gregory A.; Lautner, Elizabeth A.; White, William R.; McIntosh, Michael T.] USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs,Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Zaki, Sherif R.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Towner, Jonathan S.; Shieh, Wun-Ju; Batten, Brigid; Sealy, Tara K.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zaki, Sherif R.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Towner, Jonathan S.; Shieh, Wun-Ju; Batten, Brigid; Sealy, Tara K.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sirios-Cruz, Magdalena; Catbagan, Davinio P.] Dept Agr, Bur Anim Ind, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. RP Metwally, SA (reprint author), USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs,Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM samia.a.metwally@aphis.usda.gov; michael.t.mcintosh@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA; APHIS; Department of Homeland Security FX We thank members of the Diagnostic Services Section of FADDL (H. Petrowski, F. Mohamed, and M. Berninger), the CDC Special Pathogens Branch (D. Cannon, A. Comer, S. Dickerson, C. Manning, D. Miller, and Z. Reed), and the CDC Infectious Disease Pathology Branch (C. Paddock, P. Adem, and C. Goldsmith) for expert technical assistance. We are also grateful to P. Hauer (APHIS, USDA) for critical review of the manuscript and to T. Gomez and J. Willnow (USDA) for facilitating conversations between U.S. agencies and the Philippines. We thank G. Risatti for protocols for PRRSV RT-PCR. This work was funded by the USDA as part of an ongoing foreign animal disease diagnostic investigation. Support for microarray development and implementation is sponsored by the APHIS Science Fellows Program, USDA, and the Department of Homeland Security. R.W.B. is an award recipient of the APHIS Science Fellows Program. PRRSV NSP2 sequences are available at GenBank (accession numbers FJ641193, FJ641194, and FJ641195), as are Reston08-A, Reston08-C, and Reston08-E sequences (accession numbers FJ621583, FJ621584, and FJ621585, respectively). Microarray data and analyses are available for download from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (accession GSE15687 [NCBI GEO] ) at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE15687. All authors declare that they have no competing interests. NR 21 TC 165 Z9 183 U1 2 U2 49 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 10 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5937 BP 204 EP 206 DI 10.1126/science.1172705 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 468FK UT WOS:000267802000048 PM 19590002 ER PT J AU Williamson, JM Lin, HM Kim, HY AF Williamson, John M. Lin, Hung-Mo Kim, Hae-Young TI Power and sample size calculations for current status survival analysis SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE current status data; power; sample size; survival analysis ID PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; INTERVAL-CENSORED-DATA; FAILURE TIME DATA; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; INFERENCE; TESTS; AGE AB Although sample size calculations have become an important element in the design of research projects, such methods for studies involving current status data are scarce. Here, we propose a method for calculating power and sample size for studies using current status data. This method is based on a Weibull survival model for a two-group comparison. The Weibull model allows the investigator to specify a group difference in terms of a hazards ratio or a failure time ratio. We consider exponential, Weibull and uniformly distributed censoring distributions. We base our power calculations on a parametric approach with the Wald test because it is easy for medical investigators to conceptualize and specify the required input variables. As expected, studies with current status data have substantially less power than studies with the usual right-censored failure time data. Our simulation results demonstrate the merits of these proposed power calculations. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Williamson, John M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis MS F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lin, Hung-Mo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Kim, Hae-Young] New England Res Inst, Ctr Stat Anal & Res, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. RP Williamson, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis MS F22, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jow5@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JUL 10 PY 2009 VL 28 IS 15 BP 1999 EP 2011 DI 10.1002/sim.3605 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 465VH UT WOS:000267616300003 PM 19455509 ER PT J AU Yih, WK Nordin, JD Kulldorff, M Lewis, E Lieu, TA Shi, P Weintraub, ES AF Yih, W. Katherine Nordin, James D. Kulldorff, Martin Lewis, Edwin Lieu, Tracy A. Shi, Ping Weintraub, Eric S. TI An assessment of the safety of adolescent and adult tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine, using active surveillance for adverse events in the Vaccine Safety Datalink SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccine safety; Sequential analysis; Bacterial vaccines ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; REPORTING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; QUALITY AB Using a new sequential analytic method, the safety of tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine was monitored weekly among subjects aged 10-64 years during 2005-2008. Encephalopathy-encephalitis-meningitis, paralytic syndromes, seizures, cranial nerve disorders, and Guillain-Barre syndrome were selected as outcomes based on previous reports and biologic plausibility. The risk following Tdap was not significantly higher than the risk after Td. Statistical power was sufficient to detect a relative risk of 4-5 for Guillain-Barre syndrome and 1.5-2 for the other outcomes. This study provides reassurance that Tdap is similar in safety to Td regarding the outcomes studied and supports the viability of sequential analysis for post-licensure vaccine safety monitoring. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yih, W. Katherine] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Nordin, James D.] Healthpartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Lewis, Edwin] Kaiser Permanente, Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. [Lieu, Tracy A.] Childrens Hosp, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Weintraub, Eric S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yih, WK (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM katherine_yih@harvardpilgrim.org RI Kulldorff, Martin/H-4282-2011; OI Kulldorff, Martin/0000-0002-5284-2993 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention via America's Health Insurance Plans [200-2002-00732] FX This work was supported by funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention via America's Health Insurance Plans, contract number 200-2002-00732. The findings and conclusions do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services or America's Health Insurance Plans. The authors would like to thank the principal investigators of participating VSD sites for facilitating the study: Roger Baxter, Edward Belongia, Jason Glanz, Lisa Jackson, Nicola Klein, and Allison Naleway. Many thanks are also due to the data managers at the participating VSD sites and at CDC for their role in providing quality data each week: James Baggs, Nicholas Berger, Amy Butam, Christina Clarke, Lois Drew, Richard Fox, Darren Malais, and Jeremy McCauley. Finally, the authors gratefully acknowledge Pamela Butler for producing the figures. NR 19 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 9 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 32 BP 4257 EP 4262 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.036 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 470UD UT WOS:000268005400003 PM 19486957 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, M Sparks, R McMahon, A Iskander, J Campbell, JD Edwards, KM AF Rosenberg, Melissa Sparks, Robert McMahon, Ann Iskander, John Campbell, James D. Edwards, Kathryn M. TI Serious adverse events rarely reported after trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in children 6-23 months of age SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Trivalent influenza vaccine; Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System; Advisory Committee on Immunization; Practices; Serious adverse event; Causality ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; ANTHRAX VACCINE; SYSTEM VAERS; SAFETY; BURDEN; COMMITTEE; ILLNESS; SEASON; AVEC AB In October 2003 the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended influenza vaccination for all children ages 6-23 months. We evaluated the safety of this recommendation by querying the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) for serious adverse events (SAE) reported between July 1, 2003 and June 30, 2006 in 6-23 month old infants after trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). Cases were reviewed and the causal relationship with vaccine assessed. One hundred and four SAE were reported: median time from vaccination to SAE onset was one day. The two most commonly reported SAE disease categories were fever (N=52) and seizure (N=35). Causality assessment revealed that none of the SAE was definitely related to TIV. Although the number of SAE increased over time, the most common types of events remained unchanged with no new or unexpected safety concerns identified with expanded TIV use. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Campbell, James D.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Edwards, Kathryn M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Vaccine Res Program, Sarah H Sell Chair Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [McMahon, Ann] US FDA, Div Adverse Event Anal 2, Off Surveillance & Epidemiol, CDER, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Iskander, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rosenberg, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Pediat, 547B W Fee Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM melissa.rosenberg@ht.msu.edu; robert.c.sparks@vanderbilt.edu; ann.mcmahon@fda.hhs.gov; jxi0@cdc.gov; campbellj@ug.cdc.gov; kathryn.edwards@vanderbilt.edu NR 31 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 9 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 32 BP 4278 EP 4283 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.023 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 470UD UT WOS:000268005400006 PM 19450636 ER PT J AU Louie, J Winter, K Harriman, K Vugia, D Glaser, C Matyas, B Schnurr, D Guevara, H Pan, CY Saguar, E Berumen, R Hunley, E Messenger, S Preas, C Hatch, D Chavez, G Kriner, P Lopez, K Sunega, D Rexin, D Roach, S Kempf, J Gonzalez, R Morgan, L Barnes, N Berman, L Emery, S Shu, B Wu, KH Villanueva, J Lindstrom, S Sugarman, D Patel, M Jaeger, J Meites, E Dharan, N AF Louie, J. Winter, K. Harriman, K. Vugia, D. Glaser, C. Matyas, B. Schnurr, D. Guevara, H. Pan, C. Y. Saguar, E. Berumen, R. Hunley, E. Messenger, S. Preas, C. Hatch, D. Chavez, G. Kriner, P. Lopez, K. Sunega, D. Rexin, D. Roach, S. Kempf, J. Gonzalez, R. Morgan, L. Barnes, N. Berman, L. Emery, S. Shu, B. Wu, K. H. Villanueva, J. Lindstrom, S. Sugarman, D. Patel, M. Jaeger, J. Meites, E. Dharan, N. TI Hospitalized Patients With Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection-California, April-May, 2009 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 536-541, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Sunega, D.; Rexin, D.] San Diego Cty Hlth & Human Svcs, San Diego, CA USA. [Sunega, D.; Rexin, D.] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles Cty Swine Flu Surveillance Team, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Gonzalez, R.; Morgan, L.] San Bernardino Cty Dept Publ Hlth, San Bernardino, CA USA. [Sugarman, D.; Patel, M.; Jaeger, J.; Meites, E.; Dharan, N.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 8 PY 2009 VL 302 IS 2 BP 137 EP 140 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 466WU UT WOS:000267696500008 ER PT J AU Feng, ZL Yang, YD Xu, DS Zhang, P McCauley, MM Glasser, JW AF Feng, Zhilan Yang, Yiding Xu, Dashun Zhang, Pei McCauley, Mary Mason Glasser, John W. TI Timely identification of optimal control strategies for emerging infectious diseases SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mathematical modeling; Emerging infections; Outbreak-control strategies; Social responses ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; HONG-KONG; OUTBREAK; QUARANTINE; EPIDEMIC; SARS AB Background: Health authorities must rely on quarantine, isolation, and other non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain Outbreaks of newly emerging human diseases. Methods: We modeled a generic disease caused by a pathogen apparently transmitted by close interpersonal contact, but about which little else is known. In our model, people may be infectious while incubating or during their prodrome or acute illness. We derived an expression for R, the reproduction number, took its partial derivatives with respect to control parameters, and encoded these analytical results in a user-friendly Mathematica (TM) notebook. With biological parameters for SARS estimated from the initial case series in Hong Kong and infection rates from hospitalizations in Singapore, we determined R's sensitivity to control parameters. Results: Stage-specific infection rate estimates from cases hospitalized before quarantine began exceed those from the entire outbreak, but are qualitatively similar: infectiousness was negligible until symptom onset, and increased 10-fold from prodrome to acute illness. Given such information, authorities might instead have emphasized a strategy whose efficiency more than compensates for any possible reduction in efficacy. Conclusions: In future outbreaks of new human diseases transmitted via close interpersonal contact, it should be possible to identify the optimal intervention early enough to facilitate effective decision-making. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McCauley, Mary Mason; Glasser, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Feng, Zhilan; Yang, Yiding; Xu, Dashun; Zhang, Pei] Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Glasser, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jglasser@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD JUL 7 PY 2009 VL 259 IS 1 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.006 PG 7 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 459EU UT WOS:000267084400018 PM 19289133 ER PT J AU Kvac, M Sak, B Kvetonova, D Secor, WE AF Kvac, Martin Sak, Bohumil Kvetonova, Dana Secor, W. Evan TI Infectivity of gastric and intestinal Cryptosporidium species in immunocompetent Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Meriones unguiculatus; Cryptosporidium andersoni LI03; Cryptosporidium muris TS03; Cryptosporidium parvum; Infectivity ID PERCOLL GRADIENTS; PARVUM; CATTLE; PIGS; GENOTYPES; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; SPOROZOITES; PREVALENCE; ANDERSONI AB We exposed juvenile (7-day old) and adult (8-week old) Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) to Cryptosporidium andersoni or C. muris, which infect the stomach, or to C. parvum, which infects the intestine. Both age groups could be successfully infected with each species in primary mono-infection with juvenile animals demonstrating higher peak oocysts per gram of feces and longer patent periods than adults. Concurrent exposure to mixed gastric and intestinal cryptosporidia resulted in successful infection with both species. The time course and infection intensities in the mixed infections were similar to those of primary mono-infection and for a given species. Similarly, sequential mixed infection of C. andersoni positive gerbils with C. muris 25 days after exposure to C. andersoni resulted in simultaneous infection with both gastric species. In contrast, following primary infection and clearance, animals re-exposed to the same Cryptosporidium species, failed to excrete oocysts in their feces and histological examination revealed no developmental stages in the stomach or intestine. In cross-infections, where the secondary exposure was with a different Cryptosporidium species than the initial cleared infection, successful infection was possible with a gastric species following C. parvum, or with C. parvum following a gastric species, but primary infection with one gastric species precluded secondary infection with the other gastric species. These results indicate cross-immunity between gastric Cryptosporidium species but not between intestinal and gastric species. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that Mongolian gerbils are susceptible to infection with many Cryptosporidium species and are a useful laboratory model for studies of mixed cryptosporidiosis. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kvac, Martin; Sak, Bohumil; Kvetonova, Dana] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Parasitol, Ctr Biol, Dept Med & Vet Parasitol,VVI, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Kvac, Martin] Univ S Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Fac Agr, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sak, B (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Parasitol, Ctr Biol, Dept Med & Vet Parasitol,VVI, Branisovska 31, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. EM casio@paru.cas.cz RI Kvac, Martin/G-7299-2014; Sak, Bohumil/G-9262-2014 OI Kvac, Martin/0000-0003-0013-6090; FU Grant Agency of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [KJB500960701]; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [523/07/P117]; Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [Z60220518] FX This work was supported by the Grant Agency of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (project no. KJB500960701), the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (project no. 523/07/P117), and the Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (project no. Z60220518). NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 7 PY 2009 VL 163 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.047 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 467XZ UT WOS:000267778200005 PM 19394145 ER PT J AU Boyd, R Stevens, JA AF Boyd, Rebecca Stevens, Judy A. TI Falls and fear of falling: burden, beliefs and behaviours SO AGE AND AGEING LA English DT Article DE falls; fear of falling; injury; elderly ID OLDER PERSONS; PREVENTION TRIALS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NURSING-HOME; RISK-FACTORS; COMMUNITY; RESTRICTION; PREVALENCE; INJURY; PEOPLE AB Design: a cross-sectional, list-assisted random digit dialling telephone survey of US adults from 2001 to 2003. Subjects: 1,709 adults aged 65 or older who spoke either English or Spanish. Methods: prevalence estimates were calculated for recent falls, fall injuries, fear of falling and fall prevention beliefs and behaviours. Results: an estimated 3.5 million, or 9.6%, of older adults reported falling at least once in the past 3 months. About 36.2% of all older adults said that they were moderately or very afraid of falling. Few older adults who fell in the past 3 months reported making any changes to prevent future falls. Conclusions: the high prevalence of falls and fear of falling among US older adults is of concern. Both can result in adverse health outcomes including decreased quality of life, functional limitations, restricted activity and depression. Older adults' fear of falling and their reluctance to adopt behaviours that could prevent future falls should be considered when designing fall prevention programmes. C1 [Boyd, Rebecca; Stevens, Judy A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Boyd, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE Mailstop F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Rboyd@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0002-0729 J9 AGE AGEING JI Age Ageing PD JUL PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1093/ageing/afp053 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 460TK UT WOS:000267212000015 PM 19420144 ER PT J AU Ghebremichael, M Paintsil, E Ickovics, JR Vlahov, D Schuman, P Boland, R Schoenbaum, E Moore, J Zhang, HP AF Ghebremichael, Musie Paintsil, Elijah Ickovics, Jeannette R. Vlahov, David Schuman, Paula Boland, Robert Schoenbaum, Ellie Moore, Janet Zhang, Heping TI Longitudinal association of alcohol use with HIV disease progression and psychological health of women with HIV SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE alcohol use; HIV/AIDS; multilevel longitudinal models; CD4+T-cells; depression ID NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; CD4 CELL COUNT; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; COMMUNITY SAMPLE; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY RESEARCH; MAJOR DEPRESSION AB We evaluated the association of alcohol consumption and depression, and their effects on HIV disease progression among women with HIV. The study included 871 women with HIV who were recruited from 19931995 in four US cities. The participants had physical examination, medical record extraction, and venipuncture, CD4+ T-cell Counts determination, measurement of depression symptoms (using the self-report Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale), and alcohol use assessment at enrollment, and semiannually until March 2000. Multilevel random coefficient ordinal models as well as multilevel models with joint responses were used in the analysis. There was no significant association between level of alcohol use and CD4+ T-cell counts. When participants were stratified by antiretroviral therapy (ART) Use. the association between alcohol and CD4+ T-cell did not reach statistical significance. The association between alcohol consumption and depression was significant (p < 0.001). Depression had a significant negative effect on CD4+ T-cell counts over time regardless of ART use. Our findings Suggest that alcohol consumption has a direct association with depression, Moreover, depression is associated with HIV disease progression. Our findings have implications for the provision of alcohol use interventions and psychological resources to improve the health of women with HIV. C1 [Ghebremichael, Musie] Harvard Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ghebremichael, Musie] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Paintsil, Elijah] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Paintsil, Elijah] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Ickovics, Jeannette R.; Zhang, Heping] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New Haven, CT USA. [Ickovics, Jeannette R.; Zhang, Heping] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. [Vlahov, David] New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. [Schuman, Paula] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Med, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Boland, Robert] Brown Univ, Dept Psychiat, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Schoenbaum, Ellie] Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Moore, Janet] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ghebremichael, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM musie@jimmy.harvard.edu FU CSP VA [U64/CU106795, U64/CU200714, U64/CU306802, U64/CU506831]; NIDA NIH HHS [5 U01-DA017387-03S1, K02 DA017713, K02 DA017713-05, K02-DA017713, R01-DA076750-02, U01 DA017387, U01 DA017387-03S1]; NIMH NIH HHS [T32-MH014235, T32 MH014235, T32 MH014235-31] NR 47 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 9 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD JUL PY 2009 VL 21 IS 7 BP 834 EP 841 DI 10.1080/09540120802537864 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 478DZ UT WOS:000268569300004 PM 20024739 ER PT J AU Valverde, EE Cassetti, I Metsch, LR Bugarin, G Bofill, L Laurido, M McCoy, C AF Valverde, Eduardo E. Cassetti, Isabel Metsch, Lisa R. Bugarin, Gabriela Bofill, Lina Laurido, Marcelo McCoy, Clyde TI Sex Risk Practices among HIV-Positive Individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; INFECTED PATIENTS; HETEROSEXUAL MEN; UNPROTECTED SEX; WOMEN; BEHAVIOR; ADHERENCE; COHORT AB We have limited information regarding the sexual risk behaviors of HIV-positive individuals in Argentina. It is important to understand these behaviors in order to develop strategies oriented at decreasing unsafe sex practices. A random sample of 140 HIV-positive individuals was recruited from an HIV primary care clinic in Buenos Aires, Argentina, between August and September 2005. Participants responded survey questions regarding their sexual behaviors in the previous three months. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with inconsistent condom use during vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Of the 140 participants surveyed, 69% were male, the mean age was 38 years old, 29% reported having less than a high school education, and 84% reported having engaged in vaginal, anal, and/or oral sex in the past 3 months. Of 53 participants who reported engaging in anal sex, 60% were men who have sex with men, and 40% were heterosexuals. Inconsistent condom use was reported by 31% of participants engaging in anal sex, 39% of participants engaging in vaginal sex, and 71% of participants engaging in oral sex. When adjusting for other factors, participants reporting symptoms of depression were 5.2 times more likely to use condoms inconsistently during vaginal sex, and 4.3 times more likely to use condoms inconsistently during anal sex compared to participants reporting no depression symptoms. Providers should assess sexual risk practices of HIV-positive individuals reporting symptoms of depression, and provide counseling regarding the importance of consistent condom use to those patients who are engaging in unsafe sex practices. C1 [Valverde, Eduardo E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Valverde, Eduardo E.; Metsch, Lisa R.; Bofill, Lina; McCoy, Clyde] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL USA. [Cassetti, Isabel; Bugarin, Gabriela; Laurido, Marcelo] Helios Salud, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Valverde, EE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM evalverde@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD JUL PY 2009 VL 23 IS 7 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1089/apc.2008.0094 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 472UD UT WOS:000268156800009 PM 19530955 ER PT J AU Church, JD Mwatha, A Bagenda, D Omer, SB Donnell, D Musoke, P Nakabiito, C Eure, C Bakaki, P Matovu, F Thigpen, MC Guay, LA McConnell, M Fowler, MG Jackson, JB Eshleman, SH AF Church, Jessica D. Mwatha, Anthony Bagenda, Danstan Omer, Saad B. Donnell, Deborah Musoke, Philippa Nakabiito, Clemensia Eure, Chineta Bakaki, Paul Matovu, Flavia Thigpen, Michael C. Guay, Laura A. McConnell, Michelle Fowler, Mary Glenn Jackson, J. Brooks Eshleman, Susan H. TI Short Communication: In Utero HIV Infection Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Nevirapine Resistance in Ugandan Infants Who Were Exposed to Perinatal Single Dose Nevirapine SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PREVENTION; WOMEN; INTRAPARTUM; SELECTION; AGE AB Use of single dose nevirapine (sdNVP) to prevent HIV mother-to-child transmission is associated with the emergence of NVP resistance in many infants who are HIV infected despite prophylaxis. We combined results from four clinical trials to analyze predictors of NVP resistance in sdNVP-exposed Ugandan infants. Samples were tested with the ViroSeq HIV Genotyping System and a sensitive point mutation assay (LigAmp, for detection of K103N, Y181C, and G190A). NVP resistance was detected at 6-8 weeks in 36 (45.0%) of 80 infants using ViroSeq and 33 (45.8%) of 72 infants using LigAmp. NVP resistance was more frequent among infants who were infected in utero than among infants who were diagnosed with HIV infection after birth by 6-8 weeks of age. Detection of NVP resistance at 6-8 weeks was not associated with HIV subtype (A vs. D), pre-NVP maternal viral load or CD4 cell count, infant viral load at 6-8 weeks, or infant sex. NVP resistance was still detected in some infants 6-12 months after sdNVP exposure. In this study, in utero HIV infection was the only factor associated with detection of NVP resistance in infants 6-8 weeks after sdNVP exposure. C1 [Church, Jessica D.; Guay, Laura A.; Jackson, J. Brooks; Eshleman, Susan H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Mwatha, Anthony; Donnell, Deborah] SCHARP, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Bagenda, Danstan] Makerere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Bagenda, Danstan; Musoke, Philippa; Nakabiito, Clemensia; Bakaki, Paul; Matovu, Flavia] MUJHU, Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda. [Omer, Saad B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Musoke, Philippa; Nakabiito, Clemensia] Makerere Univ, Sch Med, Kampala, Uganda. [Eure, Chineta; Thigpen, Michael C.; McConnell, Michelle; Fowler, Mary Glenn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bakaki, Paul] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Eshleman, SH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Ross Bldg 646,720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM seshlem@jhmi.edu RI Omer, Saad/K-1182-2012; OI Omer, Saad/0000-0002-5383-3474; Donnell, Deborah/0000-0002-0587-7480 FU HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN); National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institute of Mental Health; Office of AIDS Research, of the National Institutes of Health (NIH); Dept. of Health and Human Services [U01AI-046745, U01-AI-048054, U01-AI-068613]; HIV Network for Prevention Trials [N01-AI-035173, AI045200, N01-AI-035173-417]; United States Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC); NIAID [R01-AI-03423504, U01-AI-038576-07]; International Maternal Pediatric and Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group [U01-AI-068632] FX The authors acknowledge the contributions of Prof. Francis Mmiro in improving the health of women and infants living with HIV and AIDS. Prof. Mmiro was the Ugandan Principal Investigator of the HIVNET 012 and the SWEN study in Uganda. Sadly, he died while this manuscript was in preparation. The authors also thank the study teams of the four studies and the women and infants in these studies.; This work was supported by (1) the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) sponsored by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Mental Health, and Office of AIDS Research, of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Dept. of Health and Human Services (U01AI-046745, U01-AI-048054, and U01-AI-068613); (2) the HIV Network for Prevention Trials (HIVNET, N01-AI-035173, AI045200, and N01-AI-035173-417, NIAID); (3) the United States Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC); (4) R01-AI-03423504 (NIAID); (5) U01-AI-038576-07 (NIAID); and (6) the International Maternal Pediatric and Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group (U01-AI-068632, NIAID, NICHD). The use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Department of Health and Human Services. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 7 BP 673 EP 677 DI 10.1089/aid.2009.0003 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 472UL UT WOS:000268157700005 PM 19552593 ER PT J AU Aufreiter, S Gregory, JF Pfeiffer, CM Fazili, Z Kim, YI Marcon, N Kamalaporn, P Pencharz, PB O'Connor, DL AF Aufreiter, Susanne Gregory, Jesse F., III Pfeiffer, Christine M. Fazili, Zia Kim, Young-In Marcon, Norman Kamalaporn, Patarapong Pencharz, Paul B. O'Connor, Deborah L. TI Folate is absorbed across the colon of adults: evidence from cecal infusion of C-13-labeled [6S]-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BACTERIALLY SYNTHESIZED FOLATE; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID; COLORECTAL-CANCER; NEONATAL PIGLETS; LARGE-INTESTINE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MICROBIOLOGIC ASSAY; PROXIMAL COLON; SERUM FOLATE AB Background: Folate deficiency increases the risk of several human diseases. Likewise, high intakes of folate, particularly synthetic folic acid intake, may be associated with adverse health outcomes in humans. A more comprehensive understanding of the "input side" of folate nutrition may help to set dietary recommendations that strike the right balance between health benefits and risks. It is well known that the microflora in the colon produce large quantities of folate that approach or exceed recommended dietary intakes; however, there is no direct evidence of the bioavailability of this pool in humans. Objective: The objective was to determine whether, and to what extent, the natural folate vitamer 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid is absorbed across the intact colon of humans. Design: During screening colonoscopy, 684 nmol (320 mu g) [C-13]glutamyl-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid was infused directly into the cecum of 6 healthy adults. Three or more weeks later, each subject received an intravenous injection of the same compound (172 nmol). Blood samples were collected before and after each treatment. The ratio of labeled to unlabeled folates was determined in plasma by tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The apparent rate of folate absorption across the colon of a bolus dose of [C-13]5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid infused into the cecum was 0.6 +/- 0.2 nmol/h, as determined by the appearance of [C-13(5)]5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in plasma. In comparison, the rate of appearance of [C-13(5)]5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid after an intravenous injection of [C-13(5)]5-formyltetrahydrofolate was 7 +/- 1.2 nmol/h. Conclusion: Physiologic doses of natural folate are absorbed across the intact colon in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:116-23. C1 [Aufreiter, Susanne; Kim, Young-In; O'Connor, Deborah L.] Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Kim, Young-In; Marcon, Norman] Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Pencharz, Paul B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Paediat, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Aufreiter, Susanne; Pencharz, Paul B.; O'Connor, Deborah L.] Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Kim, Young-In; Marcon, Norman; Kamalaporn, Patarapong] St Michaels Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. [Gregory, Jesse F., III] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Fazili, Zia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Connor, DL (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Dept Nutr Sci, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. EM deborah_l.o'connor@sickkids.ca OI Gregory, Jesse/0000-0002-9976-2085 FU National Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Student Opportunity Trust Fund; Hospital for Sick Children Foundation Scholarship Program; Ontario Ministry of Training-Colleges and Universities FX Supported by the National Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada. SA was funded by the Ontario Student Opportunity Trust Fund, The Hospital for Sick Children Foundation Scholarship Program, and the Ontario Ministry of Training-Colleges and Universities (OGS scholarship). NR 60 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 1 BP 116 EP 123 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27345 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 462RK UT WOS:000267373200016 PM 19439459 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Katzmarzyk, PT Dietz, WH Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Freedman, David S. Katzmarzyk, Peter T. Dietz, William H. Srinivasan, Sathanur R. Berenson, Gerald S. TI Relation of body mass index and skinfold thicknesses to cardiovascular disease risk factors in children: the Bogalusa Heart Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FAT-FREE MASS; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE; METABOLIC RISK; BLOOD-PRESSURE; FOLLOW-UP; MEASUREMENT ERROR; TRICEPS SKINFOLD; ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY AB Background: Adverse levels of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are related to skinfold thicknesses and body mass index (BMI) among children, but the relative strengths of these associations are unknown. Objective: The objective was to determine whether the sum of the triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses (SF sum) is more strongly related to levels of 6 risk factors (triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol, insulin, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure) than is BMI. Design: Cross-sectional analyses of schoolchildren examined in the Bogalusa Heart Study from 1981 to 1994 (n = 6866) were conducted. A risk factor summary index was derived by using principal components analysis. Results: After race, sex, study period, and age were controlled for, almost all comparisons indicated that BMI was more strongly related to risk factor levels than was the SF sum. Although the differences were generally small, many were statistically significant. Associations with the risk factor summary, for example, were r = 0.50 for BMI and r = 0.47 for SF sum (P < 0.001 for difference). Furthermore, an adverse risk factor summary was observed among 62% of the children with the highest (upper 5%) BMI levels but among only 54% of children with the highest SF sum levels. Conclusions: BMI is at least as accurate as SF sum in identifying children and adolescents who are at metabolic risk. Because of the training and errors associated with skinfold-thickness measurements, the advantages of BMI should be considered in the design and interpretation of clinical and epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 210-6. C1 [Freedman, David S.; Dietz, William H.] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Katzmarzyk, Peter T.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Srinivasan, Sathanur R.; Berenson, Gerald S.] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, K-26,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dxf1@cdc.gov OI Katzmarzyk, Peter/0000-0002-9280-6022 FU National Institute on Aging [AG-16592] FX Supported by National Institute on Aging grant AG-16592. NR 54 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 1 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27525 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 462RK UT WOS:000267373200028 PM 19420092 ER PT J AU Moore, LV Roux, AVD Nettleton, JA Jacobs, DR Franco, M AF Moore, Latetia V. Roux, Ana V. Diez Nettleton, Jennifer A. Jacobs, David R. Franco, Manuel TI Fast-Food Consumption, Diet Quality, and Neighborhood Exposure to Fast Food SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diet; food; residence characteristics ID EXPANDING PORTION SIZES; UNITED-STATES; US ADULTS; OBESITY EPIDEMIC; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; RESTAURANT FOOD; DISEASE RISK; AVAILABILITY; HEALTHY AB The authors examined associations among fast-food consumption, diet, and neighborhood fast-food exposure by using 2000-2002 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis data. US participants (n = 5,633; aged 45-84 years) reported usual fast-food consumption (never, < 1 time/week, or >= 1 times/week) and consumption near home (yes/no). Healthy diet was defined as scoring in the top quintile of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index or bottom quintile of a Western-type dietary pattern. Neighborhood fast-food exposure was measured by densities of fast-food outlets, participant report, and informant report. Separate logistic regression models were used to examine associations of fast-food consumption and diet; fast-food exposure and consumption near home; and fast-food exposure and diet adjusted for site, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and income. Those never eating fast food had a 2-3-times higher odds of having a healthy diet versus those eating fast food >= 1 times/week, depending on the dietary measure. For every standard deviation increase in fast-food exposure, the odds of consuming fast food near home increased 11%-61% and the odds of a healthy diet decreased 3%-17%, depending on the model. Results show that fast-food consumption and neighborhood fast-food exposure are associated with poorer diet. Interventions that reduce exposure to fast food and/or promote individual behavior change may be helpful. C1 [Moore, Latetia V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Roux, Ana V. Diez] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Nettleton, Jennifer A.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Houston, TX USA. [Jacobs, David R.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Franco, Manuel] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. RP Moore, LV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lvmoore@cdc.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-95166, N01HC95159, N01HC95166, R01 HL071759, R01-HL071759, N01-HC-95159] NR 65 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 6 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 170 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp090 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 463NZ UT WOS:000267440200004 PM 19429879 ER PT J AU Boehmer, TK Jones, TS Ghosh, TS McCarnmon, CS Vogt, RL AF Boehmer, Tegan K. Jones, Taylor S. Ghosh, Tista S. McCarnmon, Charles S. Vogt, Richard L. TI Cluster of Presumed Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome Cases Among Urban Landscape Workers-Colorado, 2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE endotoxin; epidemiology; fungi; hypersensitivity pneumonitis; landscape workers; mulch; occupational exposure; organic dust toxic syndrome; respiratory symptoms; wood chips ID RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; EXPOSURE; FARMERS; PNEUMONITIS AB Background Organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) is an influenza-like illness typically affecting agricultural workers exposed to organic dusts. In July 2007, Tri-County Health Department investigated a cluster of acute respiratory illnesses among urban landscape workers with known mulch exposure. Methods An epidemiologic study of landscape workers was conducted. Employees were interviewed regarding illness and occupational exposures. Medical records were reviewed. Mulch samples were tested for fungi and endotoxins. Results Five (12%) of 43 employees experienced respiratory illness compatible with ODTS. Illness was associated with prolonged mulch exposure (>= 6 vs. <6 hr/day; relative risk = 24.7; 95% confidence interval = 3.3-184.9). Mulch samples contained high levels of Aspergillus spores and endotoxin. Conclusions Contaminated mulch was implicated as the source of presumed ODTS among landscape workers, highlighting that ODTS is not limited to rural agricultural settings. Education of employers, safety officers, and clinicians is necessary to improve recognition and prevention of ODTS within urban occupational groups. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:534-538, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Boehmer, Tegan K.; Jones, Taylor S.; Ghosh, Tista S.; McCarnmon, Charles S.; Vogt, Richard L.] Tri Cty Hlth Dept, Greenwood Village, CO 80111 USA. [Boehmer, Tegan K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Boehmer, TK (reprint author), Tri Cty Hlth Dept, 7000 E Belleview Ave,Suite 301, Greenwood Village, CO 80111 USA. EM tboehmer@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 52 IS 7 BP 534 EP 538 DI 10.1002/ajim.20699 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461OW UT WOS:000267278500003 PM 19358224 ER PT J AU Arcury, TA Grzywacz, JG Chen, HY Vallejos, QM Galvan, L Whalley, LE Isom, S Barr, DB Quandt, SA AF Arcury, Thomas A. Grzywacz, Joseph G. Chen, Haiying Vallejos, Quirina M. Galvan, Leonardo Whalley, Lara E. Isom, Scott Barr, Dana B. Quandt, Sara A. TI Variation Across the Agricultural Season in Organophosphorus Pesticide Urinary Metabolite Levels for Latino Farmworkers in Eastern North Carolina: Project Design and Descriptive Results SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE exposure biomonitoring; insecticides; organophosphorus pesticides; agricultural health; occupational health; farmworker; minority; dialkylphosphates; health disparities ID DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; EXPOSURE; COMMUNITY; DELIVERY; CHILDREN AB Background Community Participatory Approach to Measuring Farmworker Pesticide Exposure, PACE3, used a longitudinal design to document pesticide biomarkers among farmworkers. This article presents an overview of PACE3 and provides a descriptive analysis of participant and one set of pesticide biomarkers, the dialkylphosphate (DAP) urinary metabolites of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. Methods Two hundred eighty seven farmworkers were recruited during 2007 from 44 farmworker camps in 11 eastern North Carolina counties. Participants provided interviews, urine samples, blood samples, and saliva samples up to four times at monthly intervals beginning in May. A total of 939 data points were collected. Results Farmworkers were largely men (91.3%) from Mexico (94.8%) with a mean age of 33.7% years (SE 0.82); 23.3% spoke an indigenous language. Across all data points frequencies of detection and median urinary concentrations were 41.3% and 0.96 mu g/L for dimethylphosphate (DMP). 78.3% and 3.61 mu g/L for dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), 33.3% and 0.04 mu g/L for dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP), 40.5% and 0.87 mu g/L for diethylphosphate (DEP), 32.3% and 0.17 mu g/L for diethylthiophosphate (DETP), and 8.09% and 0.00 mu g/L for diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP). The frequencies of detection and urinary concentrations of the DAP metabolites increased during the season. Conclusions More PACE3 participants were from Mexico, male, migrant workers, and spoke an indigenous language compared to national data, PACE3 participants had comparable frequencies of detection and urinary metabolite concentrations with participants in other studies. Variability in the frequencies of detection and urinary concentrations of the DAP metabolites indicates the importance of longitudinal studies of biomarkers of currently used pesticides in farmworker populations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:539-550, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Arcury, Thomas A.; Grzywacz, Joseph G.; Vallejos, Quirina M.; Whalley, Lara E.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Chen, Haiying; Isom, Scott] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Galvan, Leonardo] N Carolina Farmworkers Project, Benson, NC USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Quandt, Sara A.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RP Arcury, TA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM tarcury@wfubmc.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Grzywacz, Joseph/0000-0002-2308-7781 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES008739, R01 ES008739-10, R01-ES008739] NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 52 IS 7 BP 539 EP 550 DI 10.1002/ajim.20703 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461OW UT WOS:000267278500004 PM 19517490 ER PT J AU Kallen, AJ Fiore, AE AF Kallen, Alexander J. Fiore, Anthony E. TI Overcoming Challenges to Influenza Vaccination in Patients With CKD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID LONG-TERM-CARE; RISK MEDICAL CONDITIONS; UNITED-STATES; RATES; MORTALITY; VIRUS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; ORGANIZATIONS; STRATEGIES; WORKERS C1 [Kallen, Alexander J.; Fiore, Anthony E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kallen, AJ (reprint author), MPH, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM akallen@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 6 EP 9 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.04.007 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 499JC UT WOS:000270214400004 PM 19559336 ER PT J AU Bond, TC Patel, PR Krisher, J Sauls, L Deane, J Strott, K Karp, S McClellan, W AF Bond, T. Christopher Patel, Priti R. Krisher, Jenna Sauls, Leighann Deane, Jan Strott, Karen Karp, Shelley McClellan, William TI Association of Standing-Order Policies With Vaccination Rates in Dialysis Clinics: A US-Based Cross-sectional Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Vaccination; standing order policies; end-stage renal disease; influenza; hepatitis B; pneumococcal disease ID INFLUENZA VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE; IMMUNIZATION; PROGRAM; RESIDENTS; DISEASES; ADULTS AB Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality because of infection. Quality improvement efforts for this patient population include assessment of institutional policies and practices that may increase vaccination rates for influenza, hepatitis B, and pneumococcal disease. Study Design: A survey of vaccination practices, beliefs, and attitudes was sent to all dialysis centers in End-Stage Renal Disease Networks 6, 11, and 15. Setting & Participants: Of 1,052 dialysis facilities considered, 683 returned the survey, reported vaccination rates for 2005 to 2006, and had 20 or more patients. Predictor or Factor: Standing-order policy of the dialysis facility, categorized as facility-wide orders, preprinted admission orders for each patient (chart orders), physician-specific orders, and individual orders. Outcomes: Vaccination rates for influenza, hepatitis B (full or partial series), hepatitis B, and pneumococcal vaccine. Measurements: Patient vaccination, given at or outside the center. Results: Overall vaccination rates were 76% +/- 18% (SD) for influenza, 73% +/- 22% for hepatitis B full or partial series, 62% +/- 25% for hepatitis B full series, and 44% +/- 34% for pneumococcal vaccine. Compared with individual orders, facility-wide standing orders and chart orders were not associated with greater vaccination rates for influenza (0.4%; confidence interval, -4 to 5; and 1.27%; confidence interval, -3 to 5, respectively), but were associated with greater vaccination rates for hepatitis B full or partial series (9%; confidence interval, 3 to 15; and 11% confidence interval, 5 to 17, respectively), hepatitis B full series (11%; confidence interval, 4 to 17; and 13%; confidence interval, 7 to 19, respectively), and pneumococcal disease (21%; confidence interval, 14 to 29; and 20%; confidence interval, 13 to 27, respectively). Limitations: Data are cross-sectional, and vaccinations outside the center were self-reported. Conclusions: Existing facility-wide or chart-based order programs may be effective in promoting vaccination against hepatitis B and pneumococcal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 54:86-94. (c) 2009 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. C1 [Bond, T. Christopher; McClellan, William] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Patel, Priti R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Krisher, Jenna; Sauls, Leighann] SE Kidney Council Inc, ESRD Network 6, Raleigh, NC USA. [Deane, Jan] Upper Midw Inc, Renal Network, ESRD Network 11, St Paul, MN USA. [Strott, Karen] Intermt ESRD Network, ESRD Network 15, Denver, CO USA. [Karp, Shelley] Abacus Stat Consultants, Lakewood, CO USA. [McClellan, William] Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Renal, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Bond, TC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM tcbond@emory.edu NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 86 EP 94 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.12.038 PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 499JC UT WOS:000270214400015 PM 19346041 ER PT J AU Werler, MM Mitchell, AA Moore, CA Honein, MA AF Werler, Martha M. Mitchell, Allen A. Moore, Cynthia A. Honein, Margaret A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Is There Epidemiologic Disruption as a Pathogenesis Evidence to Support Vascular of Gastroschisis? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE gastroschisis; pregnancy; medications; smoking ID ARTHROGRYPOSIS MULTIPLEX CONGENITA; BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; MATERNAL MEDICATION USE; RISK-FACTORS; OMPHALOMESENTERIC ARTERY; SMOKING; PREGNANCY; ATRESIA; INTERRUPTION; SECONDARY AB Gastroschisis is a congenital defect of the abdominal wall that occurs most commonly in the offspring of young women. The defect is often hypothesized to result from vascular disruption in the early embryo. We measured the associations between maternal vasoactive exposures in pregnancy, as possible markers of vascular disruption, and gastroschisis risk, using data collected as part of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Study participants included mothers of births from October 1997 to December 2003 in 10 states. The mothers of 514 gastroschisis cases were matched by age at delivery and state to 3,277 non-malformed controls and compared for peri conceptional smoking and use of vasoconstrictors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and vasodilators. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from conditional logistic regression. Case mothers were more likely than control mothers to smoke (OR = 1.5, 95% Cl = 1.2-1.9) and report use of non-aspirin NSAIDs (1.4, 1.1-1.7) and anti-hypertensive vasodilators (2.6, 0.9-8.0), but not vasoconstrictive decongestants (1.0, 0.7-1.4). Cigarette smoking had little effect on gastroschisis risk in mothers <25 years of age, but the OR was 3.0 (1.8-5.0) for those >= 25 years. Likewise, ORs were greatest in the older women for use of non-aspirin NSAIDs (1.6, 1.0-2.6) and bronchodilators (3.0, 1.8-5.0). These findings suggest that, overall, vasoactive risk factors play a minor role in the etiology of gastroschisis, and do not support the vascular disruption hypothesis. However, the observation that increased ORs for some vasoactive exposures were confined to older women raises the question of whether inherent maternal factors might influence risk. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Werler, Martha M.; Mitchell, Allen A.] Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Moore, Cynthia A.; Honein, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Werler, MM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, 1010 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM werler@bu.edu RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CCU 1132247/09]; National Institute for Child Health and Human Development [ROI-HDO51804] FX Support for this work was provided by a cooperative agreement (U50/CCU 1132247/09) from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and a grant from National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (ROI-HDO51804). Wethankjacyin L.F. Bosco, MPH, for conducting data analyses, Kathy Kelley, RPh, MPH, for assistance with drug classification, and the mothers who participated in NBDPS. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD JUL PY 2009 VL 149A IS 7 BP 1399 EP 1406 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32897 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 467VA UT WOS:000267770000005 PM 19533769 ER PT J AU Dietz, PM Callaghan, WM Sharma, AJ AF Dietz, Patricia M. Callaghan, William M. Sharma, Andrea J. TI High pregnancy weight gain and risk of excessive fetal growth SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Institute-of-Medicines Meeting on Implications of Weight Gain for Pregnancy CY JUN 05, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Inst Med DE macrosomia; weight gain during pregnancy ID COMPLICATIONS; MACROSOMIA AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was too assess whether prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) modifies the relationship between pregnancy weight gain and large for gestational age (LGA; > 90% of birthweight for gestational age) or macrosomia (>= 4500 g). STUDY DESIGN: This was a population-based cohort study of 104,980 singleton, term births from 2000-2005. RESULTS: Prepregnancy BMI modified the relationship between weight gain and LGA. Lean women had higher odds of LGA than overweight or obese women for weight gain >= 36 lb. For macrosomia, prepregnancy BMI did not modify the association. Compared with women who gained 15-25 lb, the aOR for a gain of 26-35 lb was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.9), for a gain of 36-45 lb was 2.1 (95% CI, 1.7-2.7), and for a gain of >= 46 lb was 3.9 (95% CI, 3.0-5.0). CONCLUSION: Current pregnancy weight gain recommendations include weight gain ranges that are associated with increased risk of LGA and macrosomia. C1 [Dietz, Patricia M.; Callaghan, William M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sharma, Andrea J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dietz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Sharma, Andrea/0000-0003-0385-0011 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 201 IS 1 AR 51.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.04.051 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 465PM UT WOS:000267599300020 PM 19576373 ER PT J AU Dietz, PM Callaghan, WM Smith, R Sharma, AJ AF Dietz, Patricia M. Callaghan, William M. Smith, Ruben Sharma, Andrea J. TI Low pregnancy weight gain and small for gestational age: a comparison of the association using 3 different measures of small for gestational age SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Institute-of-Medicines Meeting on Implications of Weight Gain for Pregnancy CY JUN 05, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Inst Med DE low birth weight; weight gain during pregnancy ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; OUTCOMES; GROWTH; MORBIDITY; STANDARD; GLUCOSE; INFANTS; OBESE; WOMEN; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess associations between pregnancy weight gain (PWG) and small for gestational age (SGA) defined by birthweight < 10th percentile and 2 more restrictive definitions and to assess the proportion of SGA attributed to low PWG. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of 104,980 singleton, term births from the 2000-2005 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). RESULTS: Compared with women who gained 15-25 lbs during pregnancy, women who gained 1-14 lbs had 1.5 greater odds (95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.8) of SGA for the most restrictive definition and 1.2 greater odds (95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.4) for the least restrictive definition, after adjustments for confounders. Depending upon the definition used, PWG below current Institute of Medicine recommendations contributed to 10-15% of SGA, representing 0.8-1.2% of all singleton term infants. CONCLUSION: Associations between low PWG and SGA varied little by definition of SGA and contributed to only a small proportion of term SGA infants. C1 [Dietz, Patricia M.; Callaghan, William M.; Smith, Ruben] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sharma, Andrea J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dietz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Sharma, Andrea/0000-0003-0385-0011 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 201 IS 1 AR 53.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.04.045 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 465PM UT WOS:000267599300021 PM 19576374 ER PT J AU Tepper, NK Farr, SL Danner, SP Maupin, R Nesheim, SR Cohen, MH Rivero, YA Webber, MP Bulterys, M Lindsay, MK Jamieson, DJ AF Tepper, Naomi K. Farr, Sherry L. Danner, Susan P. Maupin, Robert Nesheim, Steven R. Cohen, Mardge H. Rivero, Yvette A. Webber, Mayris P. Bulterys, Marc Lindsay, Michael K. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Rapid human immunodeficiency virus testing in obstetric outpatient settings: the MIRIAD study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus; outpatient settings; rapid testing ID UNITED-STATES; HIV; CARE; LABOR; EXPERIENCE; HOSPITALS; DELIVERY; OUTCOMES AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of rapid human immunodeficiency virus testing in obstetric outpatient settings. STUDY DESIGN: The Mother-Infant Rapid Intervention at Delivery (MIRIAD) study was a prospective, multicenter study. Women were offered rapid and conventional human immunodeficiency virus testing if they presented to outpatient settings late in pregnancy with undocumented human immunodeficiency virus status. We compared median times between conventional and rapid testing and between rapid point-of-care and rapid laboratory-based testing. RESULTS: Among eligible women who were offered participation, 90% accepted testing. The median time from blood draw to result available was faster for rapid testing (25 minutes) than conventional testing (23 hours; P < .0001). For rapid tests, point-of-care testing was faster than laboratory-based testing (24 minutes vs 35 minutes; P < .0001). Almost 96% of rapid test results were available within 1 hour. CONCLUSION: Rapid human immunodeficiency virus testing is acceptable, feasible, and provides results far sooner than conventional testing in obstetric outpatient settings. C1 [Tepper, Naomi K.; Farr, Sherry L.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Danner, Susan P.; Nesheim, Steven R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Maupin, Robert] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA USA. [Cohen, Mardge H.] Stroger Hosp, CORE Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. [Rivero, Yvette A.] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Webber, Mayris P.] Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Bulterys, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Global AIDS Program, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lindsay, Michael K.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nesheim, Steven R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tepper, NK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U64/217724, 417719, 517715, 617734, 479935] FX This study was supported by the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), under cooperative agreements U64/217724, 417719, 517715, 617734, and 479935. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 201 IS 1 AR 31.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.02.023 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 465PM UT WOS:000267599300012 PM 19398094 ER PT J AU Klabunde, CN Lanier, D Nadel, MR McLeod, C Yuan, GG Vernon, SW AF Klabunde, Carrie N. Lanier, David Nadel, Marion R. McLeod, Caroline Yuan, Gigi Vernon, Sally W. TI Colorectal Cancer Screening by Primary Care Physicians Recommendations and Practices, 2006-2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SERVICES TASK-FORCE; PATIENT PREFERENCES; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; NATIONAL-SURVEY; MEDICARE ENROLLEES; AMERICAN-COLLEGE; OLDER AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; COLONOSCOPY; GUIDELINES AB Background: Primary care physicians (hereafter, physicians) play a critical role in the delivery of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in the U.S. This study describes the CRC screening recommendations and practices of U.S. physicians and compares them to findings from a 1999-2000 national provider survey. Methods: Data from 1266 physicians responding to the 2006-2007 National Survey of Primary Care Physicians' Recommendations and Practices for Breast, Cervical, Colorectal, and Lung Cancer Screening (cooperation rate=75%) were analyzed in 2008. Descriptive statistics were used to examine physicians' CRC screening recommendations and practices as well as the office systems used to support screening activities. Sample weights were applied in the analyses to obtain national estimates. Results: Ninety-five percent of physicians routinely recommend screening colonoscopy to asymptomatic, average-risk patients; 80% recommend fecal occult blood testing (FOBT). Only a minority recommend sigmoidoscopy, double-contrast barium enema, computed tomographic colonography, or fecal DNA testing. Fifty-six percent recommend two screening modalities; 17% recommend one. Nearly all physicians who recommend endoscopy refer their patients for the procedure. Four percent perform sigmoidoscopy, a 25-percentage-point decline from 1999-2000. Although 61% of physicians reported that their practice had guidelines for CRC screening, only 30% use provider reminders; 15% use patient reminders. Conclusions: Physicians' CRC screening recommendations and practices have changed substantially since 1999-2000. Colonoscopy is now the most frequently recommended test. Most physicians do not recommend the full menu of test options prescribed in national guidelines. Few perform sigmoidoscopy. Office systems to support CRC screening are lacking in many physicians' practices. Given ongoing changes in CRC screening technologies and guidelines, the continued monitoring of physicians' CRC screening recommendations and practices is imperative. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(1):8-16) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Klabunde, Carrie N.] NCI, Hlth Serv & Econ Branch, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [McLeod, Caroline] Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Yuan, Gigi] Information Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Nadel, Marion R.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Vernon, Sally W.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Promot & Behav Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Klabunde, CN (reprint author), NCI, Hlth Serv & Econ Branch, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, EPN 4005,6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM klabundc@mail.nih.gov FU National Cancer Institute [N02-PC-51308]; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [Y3-PC-5019-01, Y3-PC-5019-02]; CDC [Y3-PC-6017-01] FX Funding support for this study was provided by the National Cancer Institute (contract number N02-PC-51308); the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (inter-agency agreement number Y3-PC-5019-01 and Y3-PC-5019-02); and the CDC (inter-agency agreement number Y3-PC-6017-01). NR 45 TC 113 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP 8 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.03.008 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IE UT WOS:000267343800002 PM 19442479 ER PT J AU Altwaijri, YA Day, RS Harrist, RB Dwyer, JT Ausman, LM Labarthe, DR AF Altwaijri, Yasmin A. Day, R. Sue Harrist, Ronald B. Dwyer, Johanna T. Ausman, Lynne M. Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Sexual Maturation Affects Diet-Blood Total Cholesterol Association in Children Project HeartBeat! SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; SERUM-LIPIDS; NATURAL-HISTORY; OSLO YOUTH; PUBERTY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FAT; SCHOOLCHILDREN; ADOLESCENCE AB Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) does not become clinically manifest until adulthood. However, children and young adults have evidence of atheromatous lesions and fatty streaks in their aortas and coronary vessels. Most longitudinal studies in children are not designed to evaluate the dynamics of change in CVD risk factors. There is a need to describe the trajectory of CVD risk factors as growth processes, to better understand their relationships. This Study assesses the associations between dietary variables and blood total cholesterol concentration (BTCC) among children and adolescents aged 8-18 years after adjustment for sexual maturation. Methods: There were 678 boys and girls aged 8, 11, and 14 years at baseline who were followed for up to 4 years, allowing the creation of a synthetic cohort analytically, from ages 8-18 years. Multilevel modeling was used to longitudinally assess BTCC, dietary intake, Tanner stage, and BMI. Results: For every 1-mg/day increase in dietary cholesterol, BTCC increased by 0.012 mg/dL. However, no associations were evident between BTCC and dietary total fat, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, or monounsaturated fatty acids. In girls, none of the dietary variables was significantly associated with BTCC after controlling for Tanner stage for breast. In boys, with the exception of dietary cholesterol, no other dietary variable was significantly associated with BTCC after controlling for Tanner stage for genitalia. Conclusions: Sexual maturation exerts a strong influence on BTCC in children and adolescents aged 8-18 years, obscuring most associations between diet and BTCC. The inclusion of sexual maturity stage is important in studies of blood lipids among children and adolescents. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(1S):S65-S70) (C) 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Altwaijri, Yasmin A.] King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. [Day, R. Sue; Harrist, Ronald B.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Med Ctr Hosp, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.; Ausman, Lynne M.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.; Ausman, Lynne M.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ausman, Lynne M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Labarthe, Darwin R.] CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Altwaijri, YA (reprint author), King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, POB 3354,MBC 03, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. EM YasminT@kfshrc.edu.sa OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U01-HL-41166]; Southwest Center for Prevention Research [U48/CCU609653]; Compaq Computer Corporation as well as the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; School of Public Health; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) [58-1950-9-001] FX This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), under agreement No. 58-1950-9-001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S65 EP S70 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.007 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900010 PM 19524158 ER PT J AU Dai, S Harrist, RB Rosenthal, GL Labarthe, DR AF Dai, Shifan Harrist, Ronald B. Rosenthal, Geoffrey L. Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Effects of Body Size and Body Fatness on Left Ventricular Mass in Children and Adolescents Project HeartBeat! SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; YOUNG-ADULTS; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; HYPERTROPHY; OBESITY; CHILDHOOD; MUSCATINE; GEOMETRY; IMPACT AB Background: Left ventricular mass (LVM) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease in adults. Available study findings on effects of body fatness on LVM in children are inconsistent. Understanding the impact of body fat on LVM in children may help prevent excessive LVM. through measures to reduce overweight and obesity. Methods: Healthy children (n=678) aged 8, 11, and 14 years at baseline were examined at 4-month intervals for up to 4 years (1991-1995); 4608 valid measurements of LVM were obtained with M-mode echocardiography. A multilevel linear model was used for analysis. The impact of body size was examined by adding separately nine body-size indicators to a basic LVM-gender age model. The impact of body fatness was tested by introducing four body-fatness indicators into the nine models, yielding 36 models. Results: All body-size indicators showed strong, positive effects on LVM. In models containing weight or body surface area (measuring both fat-free and fat contributions to body size), additional effects of body fatness were negative; in models containing fat-free mass (FFM) or height (both measuring body size independent of body fat), increased body fatness was related to a significant increase in LVM. For example, in models with FFM as a body-size indicator, a 1-SD increase in percent body fat or fat mass was related to a 5.4- or 7.2-g increase in LVM, respectively. Conclusions: Effects of body size on LVM attributable to fat-free body mass can be distinguished from those attributable to fat body mass; both are independent, positive predictors, but the former is the stronger determinant. When a body-size indicator not independent of body fat is used as a predictor, effects of fat-free body mass and fat body mass are forced to relate to the same indicator; because their magnitudes are estimated to be equal, the effect of fat body mass is overestimated. Thus, when an additional body-fatness indicator is included in the prediction of LVM, the additional estimated effect related to the indicator appears to be negative. (Am J Prev, Med 2009;37(1S):S97-S104) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Dai, Shifan; Labarthe, Darwin R.] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Harrist, Ronald B.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Rosenthal, Geoffrey L.] Cleveland Clin Childrens Hosp, Pediat & Congenital Heart Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sdai@cdc.gov FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U01-HL-41166]; CDC [U48/CCU609653]; Compaq Computer Corporation; School of Public Health at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston FX The authors acknowledge with gratitude the contribution of time and dedication of each Project HeartBeat! participant and family. The cooperation of the Conroe Independent School District and the generous support of The Woodlands Corporation are deeply appreciated. The Woodland and Conroe Advisory Committees have assisted greatly in the planning and conduct of the project. Cooperative Agreement U01-HL-41166, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, provided major funding for the project. Support of the CDC, through the Southwest Center for Prevention Research (U48/CCU609653), and that of Compaq Computer Corporation are also gratefully acknowledged, as is that of the School of Public Health at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S97 EP S104 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.011 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900014 PM 19524163 ER PT J AU Dai, SF Fulton, JE Harrist, RB Grunbaum, JA Steffen, LM Labarthe, DR AF Dai, Shifan Fulton, Janet E. Harrist, Ronald B. Grunbaum, Jo Anne Steffen, Lyn M. Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Blood Lipids in Children: Age-Related Patterns and Association with Body-Fat Indices Project HeartBeat! SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; PUBERTAL CHANGES; SERUM-LIPIDS; YOUNG-ADULTS; MASS INDEX; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; CHILDHOOD AB Background: Longitudinal data on the normal development of blood lipids and its relationships with body fatness in children and adolescents are limited. Objectives of the current analysis were to estimate trajectories related to age for four blood lipid components and to examine the impact of change in body fatness on blood lipid levels, comparing estimated effects among adiposity indices, in children and adolescents. Methods: Three cohorts, with a total of 678 children (49.1% female, 79.9% nonblack) initially aged 8, 11, and 14 years, were followed at 4-month intervals (1991-1995). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and triglyceride levels were determined in blood samples taken following fasting. Body fatness was measured by five adiposity indices-BMI; percent body fat (PBF); abdominal circumference; and the sums of six and of two skinfold thicknesses. Trajectories of change in blood lipid levels from ages 8 to 18 years were estimated by gender and race. The impact of change in body fatness on lipid levels was evaluated for each index, adjusting for gender, race, and age. Results: All lipid components varied significantly with age. Total cholesterol decreased by similar to 19 mg/dL from ages 9 to 16 years in girls and more steeply from ages 10 to 17 years in boys. LDL-C decreased monotonically, more steeply in boys than in girls. It was higher among nonblacks than among blacks. HDLC increased monotonically in girls, mainly from ages 14 to 18 years, but fluctuated sharply among boys. Levels of HDL-C were higher among blacks than among nonblacks. The levels of triglycerides increased from ages 8 to 12 years among girls and, almost linearly, from ages 8 to 18 years among boys. The levels of triglycerides were higher among nonblacks than among blacks. Increase in body fatness was significantly associated with increases in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels. Significant interactions between the adiposity indices (except for BMI) and gender indicated smaller impacts of change in body fatness on total cholesterol and LDLC in girls than in boys. The estimated impact on triglycerides was weaker among blacks than among nonblacks, except for PBF. Change in body fatness was negatively associated with HDLC. The results remained essentially unchanged after adjustments for energy intake, physical activity, and sexual maturation. Conclusions: Patterns of change with age in blood lipid components vary significantly among gender and racial groups. Increase in body fatness among children is consistently associated with adverse change in blood lipids. Evaluation of blood lipid level should take into account variation by age, gender, and race. Intervention through body-fat control should help prevent adverse lipid levels in children and adolescents. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37 (IS):S56-S64) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Dai, Shifan; Labarthe, Darwin R.] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fulton, Janet E.] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Grunbaum, Jo Anne] CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Harrist, Ronald B.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Steffen, Lyn M.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sdai@cdc.gov FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute through Cooperative Agreement [U01-HL-41166]; CDC through the Southwest Center for Prevention Research [U48/CCU609653, 0009966385] FX The authors acknowledge with gratitude the contribution of each Project HeartBeat! participant and family. We also deeply appreciate the cooperation of the Conroe Independent School District and the generous support of The Woodlands Corporation. Project HeartBeat! was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute through Cooperative Agreement U01-HL-41166 and by the CDC through the Southwest Center for Prevention Research (U48/CCU609653). The current analysis was made possible by CDC Contract PO# 0009966385. NR 49 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S56 EP S64 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.012 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900009 PM 19524157 ER PT J AU Day, RS Fulton, JE Dai, SF Mihalopoulos, NL Barradas, DT AF Day, R. Sue Fulton, Janet E. Dai, Shifan Mihalopoulos, Nicole L. Barradas, Danielle T. TI Nutrient Intake, Physical Activity, and CVD Risk Factors in Children Project HeartBeat! SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; BLOOD-PRESSURE; DIETARY-FAT; LIFE-STYLE; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; SEXUAL-MATURATION; AMSTERDAM GROWTH; FOOD-CONSUMPTION AB Background: Associations among dietary intake, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are inconsistent among male and female youth, possibly from lack of adjustment for pubertal status. The purpose of this report is to describe the associations of CVD risk factors among youth, adjusted for sexual maturation. Methods: Data analyzed in 2007 from a sumsample of 556 children aged 8, 11, and 14 years in Project HeartBeat!, 1991-1993, provide cross-sectional patterns of CVD risk factors by age and gender, adjusting for sexual maturation, within dietary fat and physical activity categories. Results: Girls consuming moderate- to high-fat diets were significantly less physically active than those consuming low-fat diets. Boys and girls consuming high-fat diets had higher saturated fat and cholesterol intakes than children in low-fat categories. Boys had no significant differences in physical activity, blood pressure, waist circumference, or plasma cholesterol levels across fat categories. Girls' plasma cholesterol levels showed no significant differences across fat categories. Dietary, intake did not differ across moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) categories within gender. There were no differences in BMI by fat or MVPA categories for either gender. Girls' waist circumference differed significantly by fat category, and systolic blood pressure differed significantly across fat and MVPA categories. Boys' fifth-phase diastolic blood pressure was significantly different across MVPA categories. Conclusions: Girls consuming atherogenic diets were significantly less physically active than those with low fat intakes, whereas boys consuming high-fat diets did not show differences in physical activity measures. With the prevalence of overweight rising among youth, the impact of atherogenic diets and sedentary lifestyles on CVD risk factors is of concern to public health professionals. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(IS):S25-S33) 0 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Day, R. Sue] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Advancement Healthy Livi, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Fulton, Janet E.] CDC, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dai, Shifan] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Barradas, Danielle T.] Emory Univ, Program Nutr & Hlth Sci, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Mihalopoulos, Nicole L.] Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Day, RS (reprint author), Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth, Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Advancement Healthy Livi, 1200 Herman Pressler,RAS Room 916, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Rena.S.Day@uth.umc.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute through Cooperative Agreement [U01-HL-41166]; CDC through the Southwest Center for Prevention Research [U48/CCU609653] FX The authors thank Stephanie A. Carter for assistance with manuscript preparation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of each Project HeartBeat! participant and family. The researchers recognize the support of the Conroe Independent School District and the generous support of The Woodlands Corporation. Funding for the Study was from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute through Cooperative Agreement U01-HL-41166 and by the CDC through the Southwest Center for Prevention Research (U48/CCU609653). NR 91 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S25 EP S33 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.006 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900005 PM 19524152 ER PT J AU Eissa, MA Wen, E Mihalopoulos, NL Grunbaum, JA Labarthe, DR AF Eissa, Mona A. Wen, Eugene Mihalopoulos, Nicole L. Grunbaum, Jo Anne Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Evaluation of AAP Guidelines for Cholesterol Screening in Youth Project HeartBeat! SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; FAMILY-HISTORY; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHILDHOOD; AGE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AB Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) criterion for screening for hypercholesterolemia in children is family history of hypercholesterolemia or cardiovascular disease or BMI >= 85th percentile. This paper aims to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of dyslipidemia screening using AA-P criteria along with either family history or BMI. Methods: Height, weight, plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride, and family history were obtained for 678 children aged 8, 11, and 14 years, enrolled from 1991 to 1993 in Project HeartBeat!. Sensitivity, specificity, and PPV screening of each lipid component using family history alone, BMI >= 85th percentile alone, or family history and/or BMI >= 85th percentile, were calculated using 2008 AAP criteria (total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides >= 90th percentile; HDL-C <10th percentile). Results: Sensitivity of detecting abnormal total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides using family history alone ranged from 38% to 43% and significantly increased to 54%-66% using family history and/or BMI. Specificity significantly decreased from approximately 65% to 52%, and there were no notable changes in PPV. In black children, cholesterol screening using the BMI >= 85th percentile criterion had higher sensitivity than when using the family history criterion. In nonblacks, family history and/or BMI >= 85th percentile had greater sensitivity than family history alone. Conclusions: When the BMI screening criterion was used along with the family history criterion, sensitivity increased, specificity decreased, and PPV changed trivially for detection of dyslipidemia. Despite increased screening sensitivity by adding the BMI criterion, a clinically significant number of children still may be misclassified. (Am J Prev, Med 2009;37(1S):S71-S77) (C) 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Eissa, Mona A.] Univ Texas Med Sch, Houston, TX USA. [Wen, Eugene] Canadian Inst Hlth Informat, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Mihalopoulos, Nicole L.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Grunbaum, Jo Anne; Labarthe, Darwin R.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eissa, MA (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, 6431 Fannin MSB 3-146A, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Mona.A.Eissa@uth.tmc.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U01-1-11-41166]; CDC through the Southwest Center for Prevention Research [U48/CCU609653] FX The authors are grateful for the participation of each child and family for their contributions in Project HeartBeat!. We also appreciate the support of the Conroe Independent School District and The Woodlands Corporation. This study was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute through Cooperative Agreement U01-1-11-41166 and by the CDC through the Southwest Center for Prevention Research (U48/CCU609653). NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S71 EP S77 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.008 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900011 PM 19524159 ER PT J AU Eissa, MA Dai, SF Mihalopoulos, NL Day, RS Harrist, RB Labarthe, DR AF Eissa, Mona A. Dai, Shifan Mihalopoulos, Nicole L. Day, R. Sue Harrist, Ronald B. Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Trajectories of Fat Mass Index, Fat Free-Mass Index, and Waist Circumference in Children Project HeartBeat! SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; CHILDHOOD; OBESITY; AGE; FATNESS AB Background: Body composition and fat distribution change dramatically during adolescence. Data based on longitudinal studies to describe these changes are limited. The aim of this study was to describe age-related changes in fat free-mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI), which are components of BMI, and waist circumference (WC) in participants of Project HeartBeat!, a longitudinal study of children. Methods: Anthropometric measurements and body composition data were obtained in a mixed longitudinal study of 678 children (49.1% female, 20.1% black), initially aged 8, 11, and 14 years, every 4 months for 4 years (1991-1995). Trajectories of change from ages 8 to 18 years were measured for FFMI, FMI, and WC. Because of the small number of observations for black participants, trajectories for this group were limited to ages 8.5-15 years. Results: Body mass index, FFMI, and WC increased steadily with age for all race-gender cohorts. However, in nonblack girls, FFMI remained constant after about age 16 years. For black boys and girls, FFMI was similar at age 8.5 years but increased more steeply for black boys by age 15 years. In girls, FMI showed an upward trend until shortly after age 14 years, when it remained constant. In boys, FMI increased between age 8 years and age 10 years, and then decreased. Conclusions: The extent to which each component of BMI contributes to the changes in BMI depends on the gender, race, and age of the individual. Healthcare providers need to be aware that children who show upward deviation of BMI or BMI percentiles may have increases in their lean body mass rather than in adiposity. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(IS):S34-S39) (C) 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Eissa, Mona A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Houston, TX USA. [Day, R. Sue; Harrist, Ronald B.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Dai, Shifan; Labarthe, Darwin R.] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mihalopoulos, Nicole L.] Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Eissa, MA (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Sch, Dept Pediat, 6431 Fannin MSB 3-146A, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Mona.A.Eissa@uth.tmc.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U01-HL-41166]; CDC through the Southwest Center for Prevention Research [U48/CCU609653] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of each Project HeartBeat! participant and family. The researchers recognize the support of the Conroe Independent School District and the generous support of The Woodlands Corporation. Funding for the study was provided by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute through Cooperative Agreement U01-HL-41166 and by the CDC through the Southwest Center for Prevention Research (U48/CCU609653). NR 20 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S34 EP S39 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.005 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900006 PM 19524154 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Dai, SF Grunbaum, JA Boerwinkle, E Labarthe, DR AF Fulton, Janet E. Dai, Shifan Grunbaum, Jo Anne Boerwinkle, Eric Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Effects of Apolipoprotein E Genotype on Blood Cholesterol in Adolescent Girls SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; FAT-FREE MASS; E POLYMORPHISM; SERUM-LIPIDS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; PROJECT HEARTBEAT; DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL; PUBERTAL CHANGES; YOUNG-ADULTS AB Background: Few investigations have examined whether associations between the apolipoprotein E genotype (apo E) and total cholesterol or LDL-C are modified or explained by other characteristics. The objective of this study was to explore effects of behavioral characteristics, physical growth, body composition, sexual maturation, and endocrine function on age trajectories of total cholesterol and LDL-C by apo E in adolescent girls. Methods: Participants were 247 Caucasian adolescent girls followed for 4 years. Apo E genotyping and plasma lipid concentrations were determined from fasting blood samples using standard enzymatic methods. Age; gender; fat-free mass (FFM); BMI; percent body fat (PBF); sexual maturation (pubic hair, Tanner Stages 1-5); estradiol concentration (EST); energy intake; and physical activity were collected or calculated with standard methods. Results: In models including the proposed explanatory variables, apo E genotype remained strongly associated with total cholesterol and LDL-C. Girls with the epsilon (epsilon)3/3 and epsilon 3/4 genotypes (where epsilon is the protein isoform of the apo E gene), relative to those with epsilon 2/3, had total cholesterol and LDL-C values 16-23 mg/dL higher throughout adolescence. Age-apo E interaction terms remained significant. FFM, BMI, PBF, pubic-hair stage, and EST showed a significant effect on total cholesterol and LDL-C. When the combination of pubic-hair stage, EST, and one of FFM, BMI, and PBF was included in total cholesterol or LDL-C models, only EST was significant. Conclusions: Adolescent girls with epsilon 3/3 and epsilon 3/4 genotypes had higher total cholesterol and LDL-C and showed different patterns of change, compared to those with epsilon 2/3 genotype. These apo E effects were independent of behavioral characteristics, physical growth, body composition, sexual maturation, and endocrine function. Girls with epsilon 3/3 or epsilon 3/4 genotypes may be at risk for elevated total cholesterol and LDL-C later in life. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(1S):S78-S85) (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Fulton, Janet E.] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dai, Shifan; Labarthe, Darwin R.] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Grunbaum, Jo Anne] CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. [Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX USA. RP Fulton, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jkf2@cdc.gov FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U01-HLA1166]; CDC [U48/CCU609653] FX The authors acknowledge with gratitude the time and dedication of each Project HeartBeat! participant and family. The cooperation of the Conroe Independent School District and the generous support of The Woodlands Corporation are deeply appreciated. The Woodlands and Conroe Advisory Committees have assisted greatly in the planning and conduct of this study. We thank ProfessorJames M. Tanner for helpful advice on the design of the study while he was Visiting Professor at the School of Public Health. The authors also wish to acknowledge the essential contributions of the Project HeartBeat! co-investigators to the design and implementation of this study, including Drs. Nancy Ayers, John T. Bricker, John Kirkland, Claudia Kozinetz, Daniel Oshman, Alexander Roche, and William J. Schull. Senior staff of the project for data management and field center management were Tony Arrey and Marilyn Morrissey, and Candace Ayars and Pamela Folsom, respectively. Dr. Millicent Higgins served as Scientific Program Administrator for the project under Cooperative Agreement U01-HLA1166, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, which provided major funding for the project. Support from the CDC, through the Southwest Center for Prevention Research (U48/CCU609653), and that of Compaq Computer Corporation are also gratefully acknowledged, as is the University of Texas at Houston, Health Science Center, School of Public Health. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S78 EP S85 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.009 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900012 PM 19524160 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Dai, SF Steffen, LM Grunbaum, JA Shah, SM Labarthe, DR AF Fulton, Janet E. Dai, Shifan Steffen, Lyn M. Grunbaum, Jo Anne Shah, Syed M. Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Physical Activity, Energy Intake, Sedentary Behavior, and Adiposity in Youth SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; BODY-MASS INDEX; FAT-FREE MASS; FRAMINGHAM CHILDRENS; PROJECT HEARTBEAT; UNITED-STATES; US CHILDREN; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; GIRLS AB Background: It is unclear to what extent factors affecting energy balance contribute to the development of body fatness in youth. The objective of the current study was to describe the relationship of physical activity, energy intake, and sedentary behavior to BMI, fat free-mass index (FFMI), and fat mass index (FMI) in children aged 10-18 years. Methods: In the subsample studied, participants were 245 girls and 227 boys (aged :10 years at entry or during follow-up assessments, or aged 11-14 years at entry) followed for 4 years from entry at ages 8, 11, or 14 years. At baseline and anniversary examinations, trained interviewers used a questionnaire to assess time spent daily in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior, and energy intake (kcal/day). Sexual maturation was assessed by direct observation of pubic-hair development (Tanner Stages 1-5). Triplicate recordings of height and weight were used to estimate BMI by the standard formula (kg/m(2)); bioelectric impedance was used to estimate percent body fat for calculating FFMI and FMI (kg/m(2)). Multilevel models were used to examine the association of MVPA, energy intake, and sedentary behavior with BMI, FFMI, and FMI. Data were analyzed in 2007-2008. Results: Energy intake was unrelated to FMI or FFMI in models adjusted for age or sexual maturation or in any model to BMI. Sedentary behavior was unrelated to FMI in any model or to FFMI or BMI in models adjusted for age or sexual maturation. MVPA was inversely related to FMI. Conclusions: In children aged 10-18 years, MVPA was inversely associated with fat mass and with BMI. Investigations in youth of dietary intake and physical activity, including interventions to prevent or reverse overweight as represented by BMI, should address its fat and lean components and not BMI alone. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(IS):S40-S49) (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Fulton, Janet E.] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dai, Shifan; Labarthe, Darwin R.] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Grunbaum, Jo Anne] CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Steffen, Lyn M.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Shah, Syed M.] United Arab Emirates Univ, Dept Community Med, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. RP Fulton, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jkf2@cdc.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01-HL-41166]; PHS HHS [U48/CCU609653] NR 46 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S40 EP S49 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.010 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900007 PM 19524155 ER PT J AU Harrist, RB Dai, SF AF Harrist, Ronald B. Dai, Shifan TI Analytic Methods in Project HeartBeat! SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Project HeartBeat! (1991-1995) was an observational Study of the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in childhood and adolescence using art accelerated longitudinal design. The put-pose of this paper is to explain the analytic methods used in the Study, particularly multilevel statistical models. Measurements of hemodynamic, lipid, anthropometric, and other variables were obtained in 678 children who were enrolled in three cohorts (baseline ages 8, 11, and 14 years) and followed for 4 years, resulting in data for children aged 8-18 years. Patterns of change of blood pressure, serum lipid concentration, and obesity with age, race, and gender were of particular interest. The design specified 12 measurements of each outcome variable per child. Multilevel models were used to account for correlations resulting from repeated measurements Oil individuals and to allow use of data from incomplete cases. Data quality-control measures are described, and an example of multilevel analysis in Project HeartBeat! is presented. Multilevel models were also used to show that there were no differences attributable to the cohorts, and combining data from the three age cohorts was judged to be reasonable. Anthropometric data were compared with national norms and shown to have similar patterns; thus, the patterns seen in the CVD risk factors may be generalized, with some caveats, to the U.S. population of children. (Ant J Prev Med 2009;37(1S):S17-S24) (C) 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Harrist, Ronald B.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Dai, Shifan] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Harrist, RB (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sch Publ Hlth, 313 E 12th St,Suite 220, Austin, TX 78701 USA. EM ronald.b.harrist@uth.unc.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U01-HL-41166] FX The wise council and expert assistance of Professors James Tanner and Harvey Goldstein, both of the University of London, are gratefully acknowledged. Major funding for Project Heartbeat! was provided by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute through Cooperative Agreement U01-HL-41166. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S17 EP S24 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.004 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900004 PM 19524151 ER PT J AU Labarthe, DR Dai, SF Harrist, RB AF Labarthe, Darwin R. Dai, Shifan Harrist, Ronald B. TI Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure, and BMI in Childhood and Adolescence Background to Project HeartBeat! SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RISK-FACTORS; CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PUBERTAL CHANGES; BODY-SIZE; CHILDREN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; OBESITY; PREVENTION; HEALTH C1 [Labarthe, Darwin R.; Dai, Shifan] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Harrist, Ronald B.] Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth, Austin, TX USA. RP Labarthe, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dlabarthe@cdc.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01-HL-41166]; PHS HHS [U48/CCU 609653] NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S3 EP S8 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.015 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900002 PM 19524153 ER PT J AU Labarthe, DR Dai, SF Day, RS Fulton, JE Grunbaum, JA AF Labarthe, Darwin R. Dai, Shifan Day, R. Sue Fulton, Janet E. Grunbaum, Jo Anne CA Project HeartBeat Writing Grp TI Findings from Project HeartBeat! Their Importance for CVD Prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH-PROMOTION; SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ASSOCIATION; DISEASE; COUNCIL; YOUNG; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HYPERTENSION; COMMITTEE AB Project HeartBeat! was a longitudinal "growth" Study of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and body composition in childhood and adolescence. Its findings demonstrate patterns of change from ages 8 to 18 years in anthropometric indicators of adiposity, blood lipid components, and blood pressure measurements, as well as the varying inter relations among these patterns. Especially noteworthy are differences among associations between the two components of BMI (kg/m(2))-the lean or fat-free mass index, and the fat mass index-and each of several CVD risk factors. Policy development and Public health recommendations for CVD prevention beginning in childhood have evolved over 30 years or more. A new impetus to action is the recognized increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. Intervention to prevent obesity can have a major impact in preventing CVD risk factors more broadly. Opportunities to strengthen interventions for CVD prevention in childhood and adolescence include updated algorithms for monitoring body composition, blood lipids, and blood pressure throughout childhood and adolescence through use of the Project HeartBeat! study results. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37 (1S):S105-S115) (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Labarthe, Darwin R.; Dai, Shifan] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fulton, Janet E.] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Grunbaum, Jo Anne] CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Day, R. Sue] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Advancement Healthy Livi, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. RP Labarthe, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dil3@cdc.gov FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U01-HL-41166]; CDC [U48/CCU609653]; Compaq Computer Corporation; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; School of Public Health FX The authors acknowledge with gratitude the contribution of time and dedication of each Project HeartBeat! participant and family. Cooperation of the Conroe Independent School District and generous support of The Woodlands Corporation are deeply appreciated. The Woodlands and Conroe Advisory Committees have assisted greatly in the planning and conduct of the project. Cooperative Agreement U01-HL-41166, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, provided major funding for the project. Support of the CDC, through the Southwest Center for Prevention Research (U48/CCU609653), and that of Compaq Computer Corporation is also gratefully acknowledged, as is that of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health. We thank Prof. James M. Tanner for helpful advice on the design of the study while he was Visiting Professor at the School of Public Health, University of Texas. The authors also acknowledge the essential contributions of the Project HeartBeat! co-investigators to the design and implementation of this study, including Drs. Nancy Ayers, J. Timothy Bricker, John Kirkland, Claudia KozineLz, Daniel Oshman, Alexander Roche, and William J. Schull. Senior staff of the data management and field center management were Tony Arrey and Marilyn Morrissey, and Candace Ayars and Pamela Folsom, respectively. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S105 EP S115 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.013 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900015 PM 19524150 ER PT J AU Labarthe, DR Dai, SF Fulton, JE Harrist, RB Shah, SM Eissa, MA AF Labarthe, Darwin R. Dai, Shifan Fulton, Janet E. Harrist, Ronald B. Shah, Syed M. Eissa, Mona A. TI Systolic and Fourth- and Fifth-Phase Diastolic Blood Pressure from Ages 8 to 18 Years Project HeartBeat! SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; FAT-FREE MASS; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; TOTAL CHOLESTEROL; BODY-MASS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD; FATNESS; DESIGN AB Background: Systolic and fourth-phase and fifth-phase diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP4, DBP5) have appeared to differ in their patterns of age-related change, and SBP and DBP5 differ in their respective associations with anthropometric variables. Project HeartBeat! investigated trajectories of change in SBP, DBP4, and SBP5 with age and their relationships with indices of adiposity, controlling for energy intake, physical activity, and sexual maturation. Methods: Project HeartBeat! was a mixed longitudinal study in 678 black and white girls and boys aged 8, 11, or 14 years at first examination, followed at 4-month intervals for up to 4 years (1991-1995). A statistical model was estimated for the trajectory of change in each blood pressure measure from ages 8 to 18 years. Results: For SBP, DBP4, and DBP5, the trajectories were sigmoid, parabolic, and linear in form, respectively. SBP and DBP4 differed significantly by gender; DBP4 and DBP5 were significantly related to race. Adjusted for age, gender, and race, all relationships of adiposity-related variables (percent body fat, abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness, and BMI and its fat and fat-free components) with SBP were positive and significant. Corresponding relationships for DBP4 were notably weaker but significant, and for DBP5, weak or not significant. After adjusting for diet, physical inactivity, and maturation, no DBP5 relationship with adiposity indices remained significant. Conclusions: SBP, DBP4, and DBP5 are distinct in patterns of change with age, relationships to gender and race, and patterns of association with multiple anthropometric indices related to adiposity. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(1S):S86-S96) (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Labarthe, Darwin R.; Dai, Shifan] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fulton, Janet E.] CDC, Div Phys Act & Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Harrist, Ronald B.] Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth, Austin, TX USA. [Eissa, Mona A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Houston, TX USA. [Shah, Syed M.] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Med, Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol, Inst Agr Rural & Environm Hlth, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RP Labarthe, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dlabarthe@cdc.gov FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U01-HL-41166]; CDC [U48/CCU609653]; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; School of Public Health FX The anchors acknowledge with gratitude the contribution Of time and dedication of each Project Heart-Bead participant and family. Cooperation of the Conroe Independent School District and generous support of The Woodlands Corporation are deeply appreciated. The Woodlands and Conroe Advisory Committees have assisted greatly in the planning and conduct of the project. Coopetative Agreement U01-HL-41166, from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, provided major Funding for the project. Support of the CDC, through the Southwest. Center for Prevention Research (U48/CCU609653), and dial. of Compaq Computer Corporation, is also gratefully acknowledged, as is that of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S86 EP S96 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.014 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900013 PM 19524161 ER PT J AU Labarthe, DR Dai, SF Day, RS Fulton, JE Graunbaum, JA Shah, SM Wen, E AF Labarthe, Darwin R. Dai, Shifan Day, R. Sue Fulton, Janet E. Graunbaum, Jo Anne Shah, Syed M. Wen, Eugene TI Project HeartBeat! Concept, Development, and Design SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors begin development in childhood and adolescence. Project HeartBeat! studied early development of these risk factors as growth processes. Growth, body composition, sexual maturation, major CVD risk factors, and cardiac structure and function were monitored every 4 months for up to 4 years among 678 children and adolescents (49.1% girls; 20.1% blacks) aged 8, 11, or 14 years at study entry. All resided in The Woodlands or Conroe TX. Interviews were conducted at entry and annually on diet, physical activity, and health history of participants and their families. Data were collected from 1991 to 1995, and Study investigators continue data analysis and reporting. Overlap in ages at examination among three cohorts (aged 8-12, 11-15, and 14-18 years at baseline) and use of multilevel modeling methods permit analysis of some 5500 observations on each principal variable for the synthetic cohort from ages 8 to 18 years. The mixed-longitudinal design provides trajectories of change with age, for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides; systolic, and fourth-phase and fifth-phase diastolic blood pressure, and left ventricular mass. These trajectories are then related to concurrent measures of multiple indices of body composition and sexual maturation and adjusted for energy intake and physical activity. The data provide valuable insights into risk factor development and suggest a fresh approach to understanding influences on blood lipids, blood pressure, and left ventricular mass during the period of childhood and adolescence, a period of dynamic change in these risk factors. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(1S):S9-S16) (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Labarthe, Darwin R.; Dai, Shifan] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fulton, Janet E.] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Graunbaum, Jo Anne] CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Day, R. Sue] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Shah, Syed M.] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Med, Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol, Canadian Ctr Hlth & Safety, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Wen, Eugene] Canadian Inst Hlth informat, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Labarthe, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dlabarthe@cdc.gov FU NIH; CDC [UO1 HL41166, 1 RO3 HL57101, 1 RO3 HL59223, 0009966385]; Intergovernmental Personnel Agreement [00IPA24501]; Cooperative Agreement [U48/CCU609653]; Compaq Computer Corporation; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; School of Public Health FX Project HeartBeat! has been supported by the following research awards from NIH and the CDC: UO1 HL41166; 1 RO3 HL57101; 1 RO3 HL59223 (cardiac development); and CDC Contract PO# 0009966385, Intergovernmental Personnel Agreement 00IPA24501, and Cooperative Agreement U48/CCU609653. Additional support from the Compaq Computer Corporation and the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S9 EP S16 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.016 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900003 PM 19524162 ER PT J AU Steffen, LM Dai, SF Fulton, JE Labarthe, DR AF Steffen, Lyn M. Dai, Shifan Fulton, Janet E. Labarthe, Damin R. TI Overweight in Children and Adolescents Associated with TV Viewing and Parental Weight Project HeartBeat! SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; US CHILDREN; OBESITY PREVENTION; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; PUBERTAL CHANGES; TELEVISION; FAT; PATTERNS AB Background: Parental obesity and TV viewing are risk factors for childhood obesity. This study assessed the association of children's TV viewing and computer use with body mass and examined whether parental weight status modified the association. Methods: Cross-sectional associations of parental weight status, hours of TV viewing and computer use, and children's body composition were studied in a subsample of 526 black and nonblack children, aged 8, 11, and 14 years at baseline, enrolled in Project HeartBeat!, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease risk factors, 1991-1995. BMI, fat-free mass (FFM), and percent body fat (PBF) were calculated from children's body composition measured at baseline. Children's TV viewing and computer use habits and parental height and weight were self-reported. Multivariate regression analysis was used in assessing inter-relations of parental weight status and child's TV viewing and computer use habits with BMI, FFM, PBF, and risk for overweight status (BMI >= 85th percentile), adjusting for age, gender, race, and Tanner stage. Results: Children of one or two overweight/obese parents watched an average of 22 6 minutes or 30 11 minutes more TV per day than children of normal-weight parents, respectively (both p<0.01). In multivariate regression analyses, BMI and PBF increased significantly by 0.42 kg/m(2) and 1.14% (both p<0.001), respectively, for each hour of TV watched among children with overweight parents, but not for those with normal-weight parents (p(interaction) <0.05). Similar results were observed for total screen time. Conclusions: These study findings are consistent with a genetic contribution of parental weight; however, overweight/obese parents may also exhibit behavior patterns that negatively influence children's TV viewing and have an impact on child overweight status. The effect of parental BMI on children's BMI may have both a genetic and an environmental linkage. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(IS):S50-S55) (C) 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Steffen, Lyn M.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. [Dai, Shifan; Fulton, Janet E.; Labarthe, Damin R.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Steffen, LM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM steffen@epi.umn.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL041166-05] NR 51 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S50 EP S55 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.017 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900008 PM 19524156 ER PT J AU Wingo, PA Kulkarni, A Borrud, LG McDonald, JA Villalobos, SA Green, DC AF Wingo, Phyllis A. Kulkarni, Aniket Borrud, Lori G. McDonald, Jill A. Villalobos, Susie A. Green, Diane C. TI Health Disparities Among Mexican American Women Aged 15-44 Years: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; US-BORN; ACCULTURATION; HISPANICS; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; INITIATION; WEIGHT; ADULTS AB Objectives. We analyzed the health of Mexican American women aged 15 to 44 years, by generation and language preference, to guide planning for reproductive health services in this growing population. Methods. We used personal interview and medical examination data from the 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We used SUDAAN for calculating age-adjusted prevalence estimates of demographic and health characteristics. The Satterthwaite adjusted F test and Student t test were used for subgroup comparisons. Results. The women had different health profiles (P<.05) by generation and language preference. Second- and later-generation women and women who used more English were more likely to be sexually active, to have been younger at first intercourse, and to have had more male sexual partners than were first-generation women and women who used more Spanish. Compared with their first-generation counterparts, second- and later-generation women drank more alcohol, were better educated, had higher incomes, and were more likely to have health insurance. Third-generation women were more likely to have delivered a low-birthweight baby than were first-generation women. Conclusions. Differences by generation and language preference suggest that acculturation should be considered when planning interventions to promote healthy reproductive behaviors among Mexican American women. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:1300-1307. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.145169) C1 [Wingo, Phyllis A.; Kulkarni, Aniket; McDonald, Jill A.; Green, Diane C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Borrud, Lori G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Villalobos, Susie A.] US Mexico Border Hlth Assoc, El Paso, TX USA. RP Green, DC (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM diane.green@cdc.hhs.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2009 VL 99 IS 7 BP 1300 EP 1307 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.145169 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 463CL UT WOS:000267406100029 PM 19443827 ER PT J AU Bashaye, S Nombela, N Argaw, D Mulugeta, A Herrero, M Nieto, J Chicharro, C Canavate, C Aparicio, P Velez, ID Alvar, J Bern, C AF Bashaye, Seife Nombela, Nohelly Argaw, Daniel Mulugeta, Abate Herrero, Merce Nieto, Javier Chicharro, Carmen Canavate, Carmen Aparicio, Pilar Dario Velez, Ivan Alvar, Jorge Bern, Caryn TI Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis in a New Epidemic Site in Amhara Region, Ethiopia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CANINE LEISHMANIASIS; EASTERN SUDAN; BARINGO DISTRICT; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BRAZILIAN DOGS; KALA-AZAR; SEROLOGY; KENYA; HOST; TRANSMISSION AB We conducted a case-control study to evaluate risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis during an epidemic in a previously unaffected district of Ethiopia. We also collected blood and bone marrow specimens from dogs in the outbreak villages. In multivariable analyses of 171 matched case-control pairs, dog ownership, sleeping under an acacia tree during the day, and habitually sleeping outside at night were associated with significantly increased risk. Specimens from 7 (3.8%) dogs were positive by immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), whereas Leishmania DNA was detected in 5 (2.8%) bone marrow aspirates (from 3 seropositive and 2 seronegative dogs). Insecticide-treated nets may only protect a portion of those at risk. Further research on the vectors, the role of the dog in the transmission cycle, and the effect of candidate interventions are needed to design the best strategy for control. C1 [Bern, Caryn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bashaye, Seife] Minist Hlth, Malaria & Other Vector Borne Dis Prevent & Contro, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. WHO, Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis, HTM NTD IDM, Leishmaniasis Control Program, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Argaw, Daniel; Mulugeta, Abate; Herrero, Merce] WHO, Dis Prevent & Control Programmes, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Inst Salud Carlos III, WHO Collaborating Ctr Leishmaniasis, Natl Ctr Microbiol, Madrid 28220, Spain. [Aparicio, Pilar] Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Med Trop, Madrid 28029, Spain. [Dario Velez, Ivan] Univ Antioquia, Programa Estudio & Control Enfermedades Trop, Medellin, Colombia. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cxb9@cdc.gov FU Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) FX This assessment was made possible through the help of the Ministry of Health and Regional Health Bureau authorities, the WHO representative and the Director of Addis Zemen Health Center. We also thank all the staff of MSF-Greece for their collaboration, infrastructure, and many other kinds of help. This and other VL initiatives in the region are supported by the Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 464SI UT WOS:000267526500008 PM 19556563 ER PT J AU Harrus, S Bar-Gal, GK Golan, A Elazari-Volcani, R Kosoy, MY Morick, D Avidor, B Baneth, G AF Harrus, Shimon Bar-Gal, Gilla Kahila Golan, Amira Elazari-Volcani, Ron Kosoy, Michael Y. Morick, Danny Avidor, Boaz Baneth, Gad TI Isolation and Genetic Characterization of a Bartonella Strain Closely Related to Bartonella tribocorum and Bartonella elizabethae in Israeli Commensal Rats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DETECTION; SOUTHERN CHINA; SYNTHASE GENE; SP-NOV; IDENTIFICATION; RODENTS; ROCHALIMAEA; SEQUENCE; DISEASE; PATIENT AB Ten Bartonella isolates were cultured from blood drawn from black rats (Rattus rattus) captured in the Tel Aviv area. Genetic characterization included amplification and sequencing of five gene fragments including the ribC, rpoB, 16S, groEL, and gltA and the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region. Sequence comparisons showed that all 10 isolates were identical in all genes studied comprising a total of 3,873 bp analyzed. The sequences of each of the partial genes analyzed indicated a high sequence similarity (97-99.8%) to B. tribocorum or B. elizabethae. The gltA sequence was 100% homologous to a genotype identified in R. rattus in Dhaka, Bangladesh, suggesting the existence of a widespread Asian Bartonella strain infecting the black rats (R. rattus). The detection of a Bartonella genotype closely related to B. elizabethae in the biggest metropolitan center in Israel warrants further study of its zoonotic potential and pathogenic characteristics. C1 [Harrus, Shimon; Bar-Gal, Gilla Kahila; Golan, Amira; Morick, Danny; Baneth, Gad] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Koret Sch Vet Med, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Elazari-Volcani, Ron] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kosoy, Michael Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Avidor, Boaz] Tel Aviv Sourasky Med Ctr, Lab Viruses & Mol Biol, IL-64239 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Harrus, S (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Koret Sch Vet Med, POB 12, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM harrus@agri.huji.ac.il RI Harrus, Shimon/H-5175-2016; Baneth, Gad/H-5773-2016 OI Harrus, Shimon/0000-0003-0542-207X; NR 27 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 464SI UT WOS:000267526500012 PM 19556567 ER PT J AU Barrera, R AF Barrera, Roberto TI Simplified Pupal Surveys of Aedes aegypti (L.) for Entomologic Surveillance and Dengue Control SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; TRANSMISSION; THAILAND; PRODUCTIVITY; MODEL AB Pupal surveys of Aedes aegypti (L.) are useful indicators of risk for dengue transmission, although sample sizes for reliable estimations can be large. This study explores two methods for making pupal surveys more practical yet reliable and used data from 10 pupal surveys conducted in Puerto Rico during 2004-2008. The number of pupae per person for each sampling followed a negative binomial distribution, thus showing aggregation. One method found a common aggregation parameter (k) for the negative binomial distribution, a finding that enabled the application of a sequential sampling method requiring few samples to determine whether the number of pupae/person was above a vector density threshold for dengue transmission. A second approach used the finding that the mean number of pupae/person is correlated with the proportion of pupa-infested households and calculated equivalent threshold proportions of pupa-positive households. A sequential sampling program was also developed for this method to determine whether observed proportions of infested households were above threshold levels. These methods can be used to validate entomological thresholds for dengue transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Barrera, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM rbarrera@cdc.gov FU Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Funding for this study was provided for by the Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1 BP 100 EP 107 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 464SI UT WOS:000267526500019 PM 19556574 ER PT J AU Ma, L Zhang, GD Swaminathan, B Doyle, M Bowen, A AF Ma, Li Zhang, Guodong Swaminathan, Balasubr Doyle, Michael Bowen, Anna TI Efficacy of Protocols for Cleaning and Disinfecting Infant Feeding Bottles in Less Developed Communities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; POINT-OF-USE; DRINKING-WATER; BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION; REDUCING DIARRHEA; SOUTH-AFRICA; FLOCCULANT-DISINFECTANT; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Although breastfeeding is the best choice for most infants, infant formula is used widely, commonly introduced during the neonatal period, and usually given to infants in bottles that can be difficult to clean. We artificially contaminated infant feeding bottles with low and high inocula of bacterial enteric pathogens and evaluated the efficacy of several cleaning and chlorine disinfection protocols. Rinsing with soapy water followed by tap water was the most effective cleaning method and reduced pathogen load by 3.7 and 3.1 log(10)s at the low and high inoculum levels, respectively Submersion in 50 ppm hypochlorite solution for 30 minutes produced a 3.7-log(10) reduction in pathogens, resulting in no identifiable pathogens among bottles. This result was comparable to boiling. When combined with handwashing, use of safe water, and appropriate storage of prepared infant formula, these simple, inexpensive practices could improve the microbiological safety of infant formula feeding in less developed settings. C1 [Swaminathan, Balasubr; Bowen, Anna] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ma, Li; Zhang, Guodong; Doyle, Michael] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bowen, A (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lima@uga.edu; guodongzhang63@hotmail.com; balas7780@gmail.com; mdoyle@uga.edu; abowen@cdc.gov FU CDC; Center for Food Safety FX This study was funded by the CDC and Center for Food Safety. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1 BP 132 EP 139 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 464SI UT WOS:000267526500023 PM 19556578 ER PT J AU Luby, SP Agboatwalla, M Bowen, A Kenah, E Sharker, Y Hoekstra, RM AF Luby, Stephen P. Agboatwalla, Mubina Bowen, Anna Kenah, Eben Sharker, Yushuf Hoekstra, Robert M. TI Difficulties in Maintaining Improved Handwashing Behavior, Karachi, Pakistan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HYGIENE BEHAVIOR; WATER-TREATMENT; DIARRHEA; HEALTH; IMPACT; INTERVENTION; PREVENTION; BANGLADESH; SANITATION AB In an earlier study in Karachi, Pakistan, households that received free soap and handwashing promotion for 9 months reported 53% less diarrhea than controls. Eighteen months after the intervention ended, these households were enrolled in a follow-up study to assess sustainability of handwashing behavior. Upon re-enrollment, mothers in households originally assigned to the intervention were 1.5 times more likely to have a place with soap and water to wash hands (79% versus 53%, P = 0.001) and when asked to wash hands were 2.2 times more likely to rub their hands together at least three times (50% versus 23%, P = 0.002) compared with controls. In the ensuing 14 months, former intervention households reported a similar proportion of person-days with diarrhea (1.59% versus 1.88%, P = 0.66) as controls. Although intervention households showed better handwashing technique after 2 years without intervention, their soap purchases and diarrhea experience was not significantly different from controls. C1 [Luby, Stephen P.; Sharker, Yushuf] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Agboatwalla, Mubina] Hlth Oriented Prevent Educ, Karachi, Pakistan. [Bowen, Anna; Hoekstra, Robert M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kenah, Eben] Univ Washington, Univ Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Luby, SP (reprint author), Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. EM sluby@icddrb.org; agboat@gerrys.net; aqb0@CDC.GOV; eek4@u.washington.edu; yushuf@icddrb.org; rth6@cdc.gov FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences [F32GM085945] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Procter & Gamble Company and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. E.K.'s contribution to this manuscript was supported by National Institute of General Medical Sciences Grant F32GM085945. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1 BP 140 EP 145 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 464SI UT WOS:000267526500024 PM 19556579 ER PT J AU White, DAE Scribner, AN Schulden, JD Branson, BM Heffelfinger, JD AF White, Douglas A. E. Scribner, Alicia N. Schulden, Jeffrey D. Branson, Bernard M. Heffelfinger, James D. TI Results of a Rapid HIV Screening and Diagnostic Testing Program in an Urban Emergency Department SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Academic-Emergency-Medicine CY MAY, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Acad Emergency Med ID FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL; IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTION; INNER-CITY EMERGENCY; HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PREVENTION GUIDELINES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PREVALENCE AREA AB Study objective: We describe outcomes of a rapid HIV testing program integrated into emergency department (ED) services, using existing staff. Methods: From April 2005 through December 2006, triage nurses in an urban ED offered HIV screening to medically stable patients aged 12 years or older. Clinicians could also order diagnostic testing according to presenting signs and symptoms and suspicion of HIV-related illness. Nurses obtained consent, performed rapid testing, and disclosed negative test results. Clinicians disclosed positive test results and arranged follow-up. Outcome measures included number and proportion of visits during which screening was offered, accepted, and completed; number of visits during which diagnostic testing was completed; and number of patients with confirmed new HIV diagnosis and their CD4 counts. Results: HIV screening and diagnostic testing were completed in 9,466 (8%) of the 118,324 ED visits (14.2% of the 60,306 unique patients were tested at least once). Screening was offered 45,159 (38.2%) times, accepted 21,626 (18.3%) times, and completed 7,923 (6.7%) times; diagnostic testing was performed 1,543 (1.3%) times. Fifty-five (0.7%) screened patients and 46 (3.0%) of those completing diagnostic testing had confirmed positive HIV test results. Median CD4 count was 356 cells/mu L among screened patients and 99 cells/mu L among those who received diagnostic testing. Conclusion: Although existing staff was able to perform HIV screening and diagnostic testing, screening capacity was limited and the HIV prevalence was low in those screened. Diagnostic testing yielded a higher percentage of new HIV diagnoses, but screening identified greater than 50% of those found to be HIV positive, and the median CD4 count was substantially higher among those screened than those completing diagnostic testing. [Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54:56-64.] C1 [White, Douglas A. E.; Scribner, Alicia N.] Highland Hosp, Alameda Cty Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. [Schulden, Jeffrey D.; Branson, Bernard M.; Heffelfinger, James D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP White, DAE (reprint author), Highland Hosp, Alameda Cty Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 1411 E 31st St, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. EM daewhite@gmail.com FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 UL1 RR024131-01]; PHS HHS [PSU65/CCU924486] NR 47 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.09.027 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 468VX UT WOS:000267853500012 PM 18990468 ER PT J AU Estill, CF Baron, PA Beard, JK Hein, MJ Larsen, LD Rose, L Schaefer, FW Noble-Wang, J Hodges, L Lindquist, HDA Deye, GJ Arduino, MJ AF Estill, Cheryl Fairfield Baron, Paul A. Beard, Jeremy K. Hein, Misty J. Larsen, Lloyd D. Rose, Laura Schaefer, Frank W., III Noble-Wang, Judith Hodges, Lisa Lindquist, H. D. Alan Deye, Gregory J. Arduino, Matthew J. TI Recovery Efficiency and Limit of Detection of Aerosolized Bacillus anthracis Sterne from Environmental Surface Samples SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONPOROUS SURFACES; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; COLLECTION METHOD; AUM-SHINRIKYO; SPORES; CONTAMINATION; MAIL AB After the 2001 anthrax incidents, surface sampling techniques for biological agents were found to be inadequately validated, especially at low surface loadings. We aerosolized Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores within a chamber to achieve very low surface loading (ca. 3, 30, and 200 CFU per 100 cm(2)). Steel and carpet coupons seeded in the chamber were sampled with swab (103 cm(2)) or wipe or vacuum (929 cm(2)) surface sampling methods and analyzed at three laboratories. Agar settle plates (60 cm(2)) were the reference for determining recovery efficiency (RE). The minimum estimated surface concentrations to achieve a 95% response rate based on probit regression were 190, 15, and 44 CFU/100 cm(2) for sampling steel surfaces and 40, 9.2, and 28 CFU/100 cm(2) for sampling carpet surfaces with swab, wipe, and vacuum methods, respectively; however, these results should be cautiously interpreted because of high observed variability. Mean REs at the highest surface loading were 5.0%, 18%, and 3.7% on steel and 12%, 23%, and 4.7% on carpet for the swab, wipe, and vacuum methods, respectively. Precision (coefficient of variation) was poor at the lower surface concentrations but improved with increasing surface concentration. The best precision was obtained with wipe samples on carpet, achieving 38% at the highest surface concentration. The wipe sampling method detected B. anthracis at lower estimated surface concentrations and had higher RE and better precision than the other methods. These results may guide investigators to more meaningfully conduct environmental sampling, quantify contamination levels, and conduct risk assessment for humans. C1 [Estill, Cheryl Fairfield; Baron, Paul A.; Hein, Misty J.; Deye, Gregory J.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Beard, Jeremy K.; Larsen, Lloyd D.] Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. [Rose, Laura; Noble-Wang, Judith; Hodges, Lisa; Arduino, Matthew J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Schaefer, Frank W., III; Lindquist, H. D. Alan] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Estill, CF (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS R-14,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM CEstill@cdc.gov RI Robertson, Simon/D-1549-2012 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 13 BP 4297 EP 4306 DI 10.1128/AEM.02549-08 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 462RI UT WOS:000267373000009 PM 19429546 ER PT J AU Vo, E Zhuang, ZZ AF Vo, Evanly Zhuang, Zhenzhen TI The Use of Aldehyde Indicators to Determine Glutaraldehyde and Alkaline Glutaraldehyde Contamination in Chemical Protective Gloves SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMMON SOLVENTS; PERMEATION; PADS; DERMATITIS; RECOVERY AB The aim of this study was to assess the use of aldehyde indicator pads for detection of glutaraldehyde and alkaline glutaraldehyde permeation through chemical protective gloves under simulated in-use conditions. The quantitative analysis of glutaraldehyde permeation through a glove material was determined for Metricide, Wavicide, and 50% glutaraldehyde following a solvent-desorption process and gas chromatographic analysis. All glutaraldehyde solutions exhibited > 99% adsorption (including both the glutaraldehyde oligomers of the reaction product and the excess glutaraldehyde) on the pads over the spiking range 0.05-5.0 mu L. Breakthrough times for protective gloves were determined using the Thermo-Hand test method, and found to range from 76 to 150, from 170 to 230, and from 232 to 300 min for Metricide, Wavicide, and 50% glutaraldehyde, respectively. Glutaraldehyde recovery was calculated and ranged from 61 to 80% for all glutaraldehyde solutions. The mass of glutaraldehyde in these solutions at the time of breakthrough detection ranged from 17 to 18, from 18 to 19, and from 19 to 20 mu g/cm(2) for Wavicide, 50% glutaraldehyde solution, and Metricide, respectively. Aldehyde indicator pads and the Thermo-Hand test method together should find utility in detecting, collecting, and quantitatively analyzing glutaraldehyde permeation samples through chemical protective gloves under simulated in-use conditions. C1 [Vo, Evanly; Zhuang, Zhenzhen] CDC, Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Vo, E (reprint author), CDC, Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, POB 18070,626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Eav8@cdc.gov FU National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Dermal Exposure FX This work was conducted as part of the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Dermal Exposure Research Program. The authors express their sincere appreciation to Quynh-Giao Nguyen, Jennifer Nguyen Vo, and Elaine Nguyen Vo for their valuable support. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9316-9 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 448MH UT WOS:000266266200020 PM 19330475 ER PT J AU Chen, PL Huang, WG Chuang, YL Warren, CW Jones, NR Lee, J Asma, S AF Chen, Ping-Ling Huang, Weigang Chuang, Yi-Li Warren, Charles W. Jones, Nathan R. Lee, Juliette Asma, Samira TI Exposure to and Attitudes Regarding Secondhand Smoke Among Secondary Students in Taiwan SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE tobacco; secondhand smoke; surveillance; school health ID BEHAVIOR AB The 2003 School Health Act of Taiwan stipulated that school campuses of senior high and below should be smoke free, but data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey show that the majority of students are exposed to smoke in public and at home. More than 50% of nonsmokers indicated that they had been exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) in public places, with the exposure rate as high as 90% among smokers. More than 40% of junior and senior high school students were exposed to SHS at home. Support for banning smoking in public places ranged from almost 60% to almost 80%. More than 60% of current smokers and almost 90% of never smokers think that smoke from others is harmful to them. With a clear body of evidence detailing the harmful effects, reduction and eventual elimination of exposure to SHS should be the goal of the tobacco control community. C1 [Warren, Charles W.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Chen, Ping-Ling] Taipei Med Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. [Huang, Weigang; Chuang, Yi-Li] Taiwan Bur Hlth Promot, Taipei, Taiwan. [Jones, Nathan R.] Univ Wisconsin, Paul P Carbone Comprehens Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Warren, CW (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcw1@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1010-5395 J9 ASIA-PAC J PUBLIC HE JI Asia-Pac. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1177/1010539509335398 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 464HI UT WOS:000267495600004 PM 19443882 ER PT J AU Wiggins, LD Rice, CE Baio, J AF Wiggins, Lisa D. Rice, Catherine E. Baio, Jon TI Developmental regression in children with an autism spectrum disorder identified by a population-based surveillance system SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; early development; regression ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; HOME VIDEOTAPES; SPEECH LOSS; DIAGNOSIS; AGE; PHENOTYPE; INFANCY AB This study evaluated the phenomenon of autistic regression using population-based data. The sample comprised 285 children who met the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) case definition within an ongoing surveillance program. Results indicated that children with a previously documented ASD diagnosis had higher rates of autistic regression than children who met the ASD surveillance definition but did not have a clearly documented ASD diagnosis in their records (17-26 percent of surveillance cases). Most children regressed around 24 months of age and boys were more likely to have documented regression than girls. Half of the children with regression had developmental concerns noted prior to the loss of skills. Moreover, children with autistic regression were more likely to show certain associated features, including cognitive impairment. These data indicate that some children with ASD experience a loss of skills in the first few years of life and may have a unique symptom profile. C1 [Wiggins, Lisa D.; Rice, Catherine E.; Baio, Jon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wiggins, LD (reprint author), NCBDDD CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lwiggins@cdc.gov RI Rice, Catherine/D-6305-2016 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JUL PY 2009 VL 13 IS 4 BP 357 EP 374 DI 10.1177/1362361309105662 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 459JV UT WOS:000267098900003 PM 19535466 ER PT J AU Browne, ML Rasmussen, SA Hoyt, AT Waller, DK Druschel, CM Caton, AR Canfield, MA Lin, AE Carmichael, SL Romitti, PA AF Browne, Marilyn L. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Hoyt, Adrienne T. Waller, D. Kim Druschel, Charlotte M. Caton, Alissa R. Canfield, Mark A. Lin, Angela E. Carmichael, Suzan L. Romitti, Paul A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention TI Maternal Thyroid Disease, Thyroid Medication Use, and Selected Birth Defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thyroid hormones; thyroxine; thyroid disease; congenital abnormalities; birth defects ID RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS; MALFORMATIONS AB BACKGROUND: Although thyroid disorders are present in approximately 3%, of pregnant women, little is known about the association between maternal thyroid disease and birth defects. METHODS: We assessed the association between maternal thyroid disease, thyroid medication use, and 38 types of birth defects among 14,067 cases and 5875 controls in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multisite, population-based, case-control study. Infants in this study were born between October 1997 and December 2004. Information on exposures including maternal diseases and use of medications was collected by telephone interview. RESULTS: We found statistically significant associations between maternal thyroid disease and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction heart defects (1.5; 95%, CI, 1.0-2.3), hydrocephaly (2.9; 951, CI, 1.6-5.2), hypospadias (1.6; 95%, CI, 1.0-2.5), and isolated anorectal atresia (2.4; 95%, CI, 1.2-4.6). Estimates for the association between periconceptional use of thyroxine and specific types of birth defects were similar to estimates for any thyroid disease. Given that antithyroid medication use was rare, we could not adequately assess risks for their use for most case groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with the positive associations between maternal thyroid disease or thyroid medication use and both hydrocephaly and hypospadias observed in some previous studies. New associations with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction heart defects and anorectal atresia may be chance findings. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 55:621-628, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Browne, Marilyn L.; Hoyt, Adrienne T.; Druschel, Charlotte M.; Caton, Alissa R.] New York State Dept Hlth, Congenital Malformat Registry, Troy, NY USA. [Rasmussen, Sonja A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Waller, D. Kim] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Canfield, Mark A.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Lin, Angela E.] MassGen Hosp Children, Genet Unit, Boston, MA USA. [Carmichael, Suzan L.] Calif Res Div, Oakland, CA USA. [Romitti, Paul A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Browne, ML (reprint author), 547 River St,Room 200, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM mlb10@health.state.ny.us RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CCU223184] FX Supported by a cooperative agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U50/CCU223184). Coding of drug information in the NBDPS used the Stone Epidemiology Center Drug Dictionary, under license from the Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 85 IS 7 BP 621 EP 628 DI 10.1002/bdra.20573 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 476GE UT WOS:000268426000005 PM 19215015 ER PT J AU Canfield, MA Ramadhani, TA Shaw, GM Carmichael, SL Waller, DK Mosley, BS Royle, MH Olney, RS AF Canfield, Mark A. Ramadhani, Tunu A. Shaw, Gary M. Carmichael, Suzan L. Waller, D. Kim Mosley, Bridget S. Royle, Marjorie H. Olney, Richard S. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention TI Anencephaly and Spina Bifida among Hispanics: Maternal, Sociodemographic, and Acculturation Factors in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-Epidemiology-Research CY JUN 23-24, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Pediat Epidemiol Res DE anencephaly; spina bifida; neural tube defects; acculturation; Hispanic ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; AFFECTED PREGNANCIES; MEXICAN DESCENT; DIETARY-FOLATE; PREVALENCE; CALIFORNIA; RISK; WOMEN AB BACKGROUND: We used data from the multisite National Birth Defects Prevention Study for expected delivery dates from October 1997 through 2003, to determine whether the increased risk in anencephaly and spina bifida (neural tube defects (NTDs)) in Hispanics was explained by selected sociodemographic, acculturation, and other maternal characteristics. METHODS: For each type of defect, we examined the association with selected maternal characteristics stratified by race/ethnicity and the association with Hispanic parents' acculturation level, relative to non-Hispanic whites. We used logistic regression and calculated crude odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Hispanic mothers who reported the highest level of income were 80%, less likely to deliver babies with spina bifida. In addition, highly educated Hispanic and white mothers had 76 and 35%, lower risk, respectively. Other factors showing differing effects for spina bifida in Hispanics included maternal age, parity, and gestational diabetes. For spiny bifida there was no significant elevated risk for U.S.-born Hispanics, relative to whites, but for anencephaly, corresponding ORs ranged from 1.9 to 2.3. The highest risk for spiny bifida was observed for recent Hispanic immigrant parents from Mexico or Central America residing in the United States <5 years (OR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.467.37). CONCLUSIONS: Less acculturated Hispanic parents seemed to be at highest risk of NTDs. For anencephaly, U.S.-born and English-speaking Hispanic parents were also at increased risk. Finally, from an etiologic standpoint, spiny bifida and anencephaly appeared to be etiologically heterogeneous from these analyses. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 85:637-646, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Canfield, Mark A.; Ramadhani, Tunu A.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX 78714 USA. [Shaw, Gary M.; Carmichael, Suzan L.] March Dimes Calif Res Div, Oakland, CA USA. [Waller, D. Kim] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Mosley, Bridget S.] Univ Arkansas, Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Dept Pediat,Coll Med, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Royle, Marjorie H.] New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. [Olney, Richard S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Canfield, MA (reprint author), Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, MC 1964,POB 149347, Austin, TX 78714 USA. EM mark.canfield@dshs.state.tx.us RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU613232] NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 85 IS 7 BP 637 EP 646 DI 10.1002/bdra.20582 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 476GE UT WOS:000268426000007 PM 19334286 ER PT J AU Jemal, A Siegel, R Ward, E Hao, YP Xu, JQ Thun, MJ AF Jemal, Ahmedin Siegel, Rebecca Ward, Elizabeth Hao, Yongping Xu, Jiaquan Thun, Michael J. TI Cancer Statistics, 2009 SO CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT CALENDAR YEAR; UNITED-STATES; INCIDENCE RATES; TRENDS; NATION; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; COUNTS; US AB Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are standardized by age to the 2000 United States standard million population. A total of 1,479,350 new cancer cases and 562,340 deaths from cancer are projected to occur in the United States in 2009. Overall cancer incidence rates decreased in the most recent time period in both men (1.8% per year from 2001 to 2005) and women (0.6% per year from 1998 to 2005), largely because of decreases in the three major cancer sites in men (lung, prostate, and colon and rectum [colorectum]) and in two major cancer sites in women (breast and colorectum). Overall cancer death rates decreased in men by 19.2% between 1990 and 2005, with decreases in lung (37%), prostate (24%), and colorectal (17%) cancer rates accounting for nearly 80% of the total decrease. Among women, overall cancer death rates between 1991 and 2005 decreased by 11.4%, with decreases in breast (37%) and colorectal (24%) cancer rates accounting for 60% of the total decrease. The reduction in the overall cancer death rates has resulted in the avoidance of about 650,000 deaths from cancer over the 15-year period. This report also examines cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by site, sex, race/ethnicity, education, geographic area, and calendar year. Although progress has been made in reducing incidence and mortality rates and improving survival, cancer still accounts for more deaths than heart disease in persons younger than 85 years of age. Further progress can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population and by supporting new discoveries in cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2009;59:225-249. (C) 2009 American Cancer Society, Inc. C1 [Jemal, Ahmedin; Siegel, Rebecca] Amer Canc Soc, Surveillance Informat Serv, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Xu, Jiaquan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mortal Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Jemal, A (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Surveillance Informat Serv, 250 Williams St NW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM ahmedin.jemal@cancer.org NR 22 TC 7337 Z9 7836 U1 44 U2 617 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0007-9235 J9 CA-CANCER J CLIN JI CA-Cancer J. Clin. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 59 IS 4 BP 225 EP 249 DI 10.3322/caac.20006 PG 25 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 469EW UT WOS:000267879500004 PM 19474385 ER PT J AU Kilfoy, BA Zheng, TZ Holford, TR Han, XS Ward, MH Sjodin, A Zhang, YQ Bai, YN Zhu, CR Guo, GL Rothman, N Zhang, YW AF Kilfoy, Briseis A. Zheng, Tongzhang Holford, Theodore R. Han, Xuesong Ward, Mary H. Sjodin, Andreas Zhang, Yaqun Bai, Yana Zhu, Cairong Guo, Grace L. Rothman, Nathaniel Zhang, Yawei TI International patterns and trends in thyroid cancer incidence, 1973-2002 SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE International trends; Thyroid cancer; Papillary thyroid cancer ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS; HORMONAL FACTORS; BIRTH COHORT AB During the past several decades, an increasing incidence of thyroid cancer has been reported in many parts of the world. To date, no study has compared the trends in thyroid cancer incidence across continents. We examined incidence data from cancer incidence in five continents (CI5) over the 30-year period 1973-2002 from 19 populations in the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Thyroid cancer rates have increased from 1973-1977 to 1998-2002 for most of the populations except Sweden, in which the incidence rates decreased about 18% for both males and females. The average increase was 48.0% among males and 66.7% among females. More recently, the age-adjusted international thyroid cancer incidence rates from 1998 to 2002 varied 5-fold for males and nearly 10-fold for females by geographic region. Considerable variation in thyroid cancer incidence was present for every continent but Africa, in which the incidence rates were generally low. Our analysis of published CI5 data suggests that thyroid cancer rates increased between 1973 and 2002 in most populations worldwide, and that the increase does not appear to be restricted to a particular region of the world or by the underlying rates of thyroid cancer. C1 [Kilfoy, Briseis A.; Zheng, Tongzhang; Holford, Theodore R.; Han, Xuesong; Zhang, Yaqun; Bai, Yana; Zhu, Cairong; Zhang, Yawei] Yale Univ, Yale Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kilfoy, Briseis A.; Ward, Mary H.; Rothman, Nathaniel] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. [Sjodin, Andreas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, DLS, OATB, NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Zhang, Yaqun] Gansu Prov Design & Res Inst Environm Sci, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Bai, Yana] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Cairong] Sichuan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Guo, Grace L.] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Therapeut, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. RP Zhang, YW (reprint author), Yale Univ, Yale Sch Publ Hlth, 60 Coll St,LEPH 440,POB 208034, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM yawei.zhang@yale.edu RI Aschebrook-Kilfoy, Briseis/A-2537-2012; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 FU National Institutes of Health [TU2CA105666, 2043TW007864-01] FX This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health training grant TU2CA105666 and National Institutes of Health Fogarty training grant 2043TW007864-01. NR 25 TC 250 Z9 272 U1 6 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD JUL PY 2009 VL 20 IS 5 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.1007/s10552-008-9260-4 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 449OP UT WOS:000266340200003 PM 19016336 ER PT J AU Li, CI Mathes, RW Malone, KE Daling, JR Bernstein, L Marchbanks, PA Strom, BL Simon, MS Press, MF Deapen, D Burkman, RT Folger, SG McDonald, JA Spirtas, R AF Li, Christopher I. Mathes, Robert W. Malone, Kathleen E. Daling, Janet R. Bernstein, Leslie Marchbanks, Polly A. Strom, Brian L. Simon, Michael S. Press, Michael F. Deapen, Dennis Burkman, Ronald T. Folger, Suzanne G. McDonald, Jill A. Spirtas, Robert TI Relationship between Migraine History and Breast Cancer Risk among Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE LIFE EVENTS; COLLABORATIVE REANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; HEADACHE; AURA AB Both migraine and breast cancer are hormonally mediated diseases, and it is biologically plausible that women with a history of migraine may have a reduced breast cancer risk. However, this relationship has only been assessed in a single relatively small study that was unable to assess the effect of migraine triggers, which are also well-established breast cancer risk factors (e.g., use of alcohol and exogenous hormones), on the inverse association observed. Utilizing data on 4,568 breast cancer cases and 4,678 controls who participated in a multicenter population-based case-control study in the United States, we evaluated the association between migraine history and breast cancer risk using unconditional logistic regression. Migraine history data were obtained from structured in-person interviews. Women with a history of migraine had a reduced risk of breast cancer [odds ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66-0.82]. This risk did not differ by menopausal status, age at migraine diagnosis, use of prescription migraine medications, or when analyses were restricted to women who avoided various migraine triggers (including alcohol, exogenous hormones, and smoking). These data support a previous finding that a history of migraine may be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. It extends the prior report in observing that this relationship holds for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women and is independent of exposure to common migraine triggers. (Cancer Epidemol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(7):2030-4) C1 [Li, Christopher I.; Mathes, Robert W.; Malone, Kathleen E.; Daling, Janet R.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Bernstein, Leslie] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Div Canc Etiol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Press, Michael F.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Deapen, Dennis] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Deapen, Dennis] Univ So Calif, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Marchbanks, Polly A.; Folger, Suzanne G.; McDonald, Jill A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Strom, Brian L.] Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Strom, Brian L.] Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Simon, Michael S.] Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol, Detroit, MI USA. [Burkman, Ronald T.] Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. [Spirtas, Robert] NICHHD, NIH, Contracept & Reprod Branch, Ctr Populat Res,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Li, CI (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, 1100 Fairview Ave N,M4-C308,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM cili@fhcrc.org FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Cancer Institute [N01-HD-2-3168]; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center [N01-HD-2-3166]; Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University [N01-HD-03-3-3174]; University of Pennsylvania [N01-HD-3-3176]; University of Southern California [N01-HD-3-3175]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Y01-HD-7022] FX National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with additional support from the National Cancer Institute, through contracts with Emory University (N01-HD-2-3168), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (N01-HD-2-3166), Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University (N01-HD-03-3-3174), the University of Pennsylvania (N01-HD-3-3176), and the University of Southern California (N01-HD-3-3175); and through an intraagency agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Y01-HD-7022). The Centers for Disease Control contributed additional staff and computer support. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The collection of cancer incidence data in California used in this publication (University of Southern California Los Angeles County portion of this study) was also supported by the California Department of Health Services as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by the California Health and Safety Code Section 103885. The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and no endorsement by the State of California, Department of Health Services, is intended or should be inferred. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 2030 EP 2034 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0291 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 471LR UT WOS:000268059700012 PM 19589913 ER PT J AU Robbins, CL Whiteman, MK Hillis, SD Curtis, KM McDonald, JA Wingo, PA Kulkarni, A Marchbanks, PA AF Robbins, Cheryl L. Whiteman, Maura K. Hillis, Susan D. Curtis, Kathryn M. McDonald, Jill A. Wingo, Phyllis A. Kulkarni, Aniket Marchbanks, Polly A. TI Influence of Reproductive Factors on Mortality after Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID LIFETIME OVULATORY CYCLES; RISK-FACTORS; PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; INCESSANT OVULATION; HISTOLOGIC TYPE; STAGE-III; SURVIVAL; PROGESTERONE; WOMEN; P53 AB Introduction: Although many studies have examined the influence of reproductive factors on ovarian cancer risk, few have investigated their effect on ovarian cancer survival. We examined the prognostic influence of reproductive factors on survival after ovarian cancer diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal analysis of 410 women, ages 20 to 54 years, who participated in the 1980 to 1982 Cancer and Steroid Hormone study as incident ovarian cancer cases. We obtained their vital status by linking Cancer and Steroid Hormone records with Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. We used the Kaplan-Meier approach to estimate survival probabilities and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CD. Results: During a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 212 women died. Of the reproductive factors examined, only age at menarche and number of lifetime ovulatory cycles (LOC) relative to age significantly predicted ovarian cancer survival. Risk for death was higher among women with highest number of LOC compared with those having fewest LOC (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.20-2.33). Women with fewest LOC had the highest 15-year survival (56.7%; 95% CI, 47.8-64.6%), and women with the highest LOC had the poorest (33.3%; 95% CI, 25.3-41.5%). Women whose age at menarche was <12 years had a higher risk of death compared with women whose menses began at >= 14 years (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.02-2.24). Conclusions: We found that high LOC and early age at menarche were associated with decreased survival after ovarian cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(7):2035-41) C1 [Robbins, Cheryl L.; Whiteman, Maura K.; Hillis, Susan D.; Curtis, Kathryn M.; McDonald, Jill A.; Kulkarni, Aniket; Marchbanks, Polly A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Robbins, Cheryl L.] Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Robbins, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ggf9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [3_Y01_HD_81037]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Cancer Institute. FX The Cancer and Steroid Hormone study was supported by interagency agreement 3_Y01_HD_81037 between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with additional support from the National Cancer Institute. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 2035 EP 2041 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0156 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 471LR UT WOS:000268059700013 PM 19589914 ER PT J AU Findlow, H Plikaytis, BD Aase, A Bash, MC Chadha, H Elie, C Laher, G Martinez, J Herstad, T Newton, E Viviani, S Papaspyridis, C Kulkarni, P Wilding, M Preziosi, MP Marchetti, E Hassan-King, M La Force, FM Carlone, G Borrow, R AF Findlow, H. Plikaytis, B. D. Aase, A. Bash, M. C. Chadha, H. Elie, C. Laher, G. Martinez, J. Herstad, T. Newton, E. Viviani, S. Papaspyridis, C. Kulkarni, P. Wilding, M. Preziosi, M. P. Marchetti, E. Hassan-King, M. La Force, F. M. Carlone, G. Borrow, R. TI Investigation of Different Group A Immunoassays following One Dose of Meningococcal Group A Conjugate Vaccine or A/C Polysaccharide Vaccine in Adults SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP-A; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; HUMAN IMMUNITY; CHILDREN; IMMUNOGENICITY; PERSISTENCE; PROTECTION; EFFICACY; AFRICA AB A double-blind, randomized, controlled phase I study to assess the safety, immunogenicity, and antibody persistence of a new group A conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT) in volunteers aged 18 to 35 years was previously performed. Subjects received one dose of either the PsA-TT conjugate vaccine, meningococcal A/C polysaccharide vaccine (PsA/C), or tetanus toxoid vaccine. The conjugate vaccine was shown to be safe and immunogenic as demonstrated by a standardized group A-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by a serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assay using rabbit complement (rSBA). This report details further analysis of the sera using four additional immunologic assays to investigate the relationship between the different immunoassays. The immunoassays used were an SBA assay that used human complement (hSBA), a group A-specific IgG multiplexed bead assay, and two opsonophagocytic antibody (OPA) assays which used two different methodologies. For each vaccine group, geometric mean concentrations or geometric mean titers were determined for all assays before and 4, 24, and 48 weeks after vaccination. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between the six assays using data from all available visits. An excellent correlation was observed between the group A-specific IgG concentrations obtained by ELISA and those obtained by the multiplexed bead assay. hSBA and rSBA titers correlated moderately, although proportions of subjects with putatively protective titers and those demonstrating a >= 4-fold rise were similar. The two OPA methods correlated weakly and achieved only a low correlation with the other immunoassays. The correlation between hSBA and group A-specific IgG was higher for the PsA-TT group than for the PsA/C group. C1 [Findlow, H.] Manchester Royal Infirm, Vaccine Evaluat Unit, Hlth Protect Agcy NW, Manchester Lab, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, England. [Plikaytis, B. D.; Elie, C.; Martinez, J.; Carlone, G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Aase, A.; Herstad, T.] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis Control, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. [Bash, M. C.] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD USA. [Viviani, S.; Marchetti, E.; Hassan-King, M.; La Force, F. M.] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, F-01210 Ferney Voltaire, France. [Kulkarni, P.] Serum Inst India Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Preziosi, M. P.] WHO, Initiat Vaccine Res, Meningitis Vaccine Project, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Findlow, H (reprint author), Manchester Royal Infirm, Vaccine Evaluat Unit, Hlth Protect Agcy NW, Manchester Lab, POB 209,Clin Sci Bldg, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, England. EM Helen.findlow@hpa.org.uk NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 16 IS 7 BP 969 EP 977 DI 10.1128/CVI.00068-09 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 467OH UT WOS:000267747700002 PM 19474264 ER PT J AU Johnson, BW Kosoy, O Hunsperger, E Beltran, M Delorey, M Guirakhoo, F Monath, T AF Johnson, Barbara W. Kosoy, Olga Hunsperger, Elizabeth Beltran, Manuela Delorey, Mark Guirakhoo, Farshad Monath, Thomas TI Evaluation of Chimeric Japanese Encephalitis and Dengue Viruses for Use in Diagnostic Plaque Reduction Neutralization Tests SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; YELLOW; ANTIBODIES; RECOMBINANT; FLAVIVIRUS; VACCINE AB The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is a specific serological test used to identify and confirm arbovirus infection in diagnostic laboratories and monitor immunological protection in vaccine recipients. Wild-type (wt) viruses used in the PRNT may be difficult to grow and plaque titrate, such as the dengue viruses (DENV), and/or may require biosafety level 3 (BSL3) containment, such as West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). These requirements preclude their use in diagnostic laboratories with only BSL2 capacity. In addition, wt JEV falls under the jurisdiction of the select-agent program and can be used only in approved laboratories. The chimeric vaccine viruses ChimeriVax-WNV and -SLEV have previously been shown to elicit antibody reactivity comparable to that of parental wt WNV and SLEV. ChimeriVax viruses provide advantages for PRNT, as follows: they grow more rapidly than most wt flaviviruses, produce large plaques, require BSL2 conditions, and are not under select-agent restrictions. We evaluated the ChimeriVax-DENV serotype 1 (DENV1), -DENV2, -DENV3, -DENV4, and -JEV for use in PRNT on sera from DENV- and JEV-infected patients and from JEV vaccine recipients. Serostatus agreement was 100% between the ChimeriVax-DENV serotypes and wt prototype DENV and 97% overall with ChimeriVax-JEV compared to prototype Nakayama JEV, 92% in a subgroup of JEV vaccine recipients, and 100% in serum from encephalitis patients naturally infected with JEV. ChimeriVax-DENV and -JEV plaque phenotype and BSL2 requirements, combined with sensitive and specific reactivity, make them good substitutes for wt DENV and JEV in PRNT in public health diagnostic laboratories. C1 [Johnson, Barbara W.; Kosoy, Olga; Delorey, Mark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Diagnost & Reference Lab, Arbovirus Dis Branch, DVBID, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Hunsperger, Elizabeth; Beltran, Manuela] CDC, Serol Diagnost & Viral Pathogenesis Lab, Dengue Branch, DVBID, San Juan, PR USA. [Guirakhoo, Farshad] Sanofi Pasteur, F-69280 Marcy Letoile, France. [Monath, Thomas] Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers Pandem & Biodef, Harvard, MA 01451 USA. RP Johnson, BW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Diagnost & Reference Lab, Arbovirus Dis Branch, DVBID, 3150 Rampart Rd,Bldg 401, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM bfj9@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1052 EP 1059 DI 10.1128/CVI.00095-09 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 467OH UT WOS:000267747700014 PM 19458204 ER PT J AU Wesolowski, LG Sanchez, T MacKellar, DA Branson, BM Ethridge, SF Constantine, N Ketema, F Sullivan, PS AF Wesolowski, L. G. Sanchez, T. MacKellar, D. A. Branson, B. M. Ethridge, S. F. Constantine, N. Ketema, F. Sullivan, P. S. TI Evaluation of Oral Fluid Enzyme Immunoassay for Confirmation of a Positive Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Test Result SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The CDC recommends that a reactive rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test be confirmed with an approved supplemental test; the performance of an intermediate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is optional. In support of this recommendation, it was found that of 1,431 reactive rapid HIV test results, 2 (0.1%) had false-negative oral fluid Western blot results and both had false-negative EIA results. C1 [Wesolowski, L. G.; Sanchez, T.; MacKellar, D. A.; Branson, B. M.; Ethridge, S. F.; Sullivan, P. S.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Constantine, N.; Ketema, F.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Wesolowski, LG (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lig7@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This project was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1091 EP 1092 DI 10.1128/CVI.00083-09 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 467OH UT WOS:000267747700019 PM 19458205 ER PT J AU Melnick, N Rajam, G Carlone, GM Sampson, JS Ades, EW AF Melnick, Nikkol Rajam, Gowrisankar Carlone, George M. Sampson, Jacquelyn S. Ades, Edwin W. TI Evaluation of a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Treating Severe Pneumococcal Infection Using a Mouse Model (vol 16, pg 806, 2009) SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Melnick, Nikkol; Rajam, Gowrisankar; Carlone, George M.; Sampson, Jacquelyn S.; Ades, Edwin W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Melnick, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1093 EP 1093 DI 10.1128/CVI.00230-09 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 467OH UT WOS:000267747700020 ER PT J AU Laraque, F Griggs, A Slopen, M Munsiff, SS AF Laraque, Fabienne Griggs, Anne Slopen, Meredith Munsiff, Sonal S. TI Performance of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in a Large Urban Setting SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; RESPIRATORY SPECIMENS; ROUTINE USE; COMPLEX; ASSAY; PCR; BIOPSY; FLUID; MTB AB Background. A diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) relies on acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture results. Two rapid tests that use nucleic acid amplification (NAA) have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the diagnosis of TB based on detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from specimens obtained from the respiratory tract. We evaluated the performance of NAA testing under field conditions in a large urban setting with moderate TB prevalence. Methods. The medical records of patients with suspected TB during 2000-2004 were reviewed. Analysis was restricted to the performance of NAA on specimens collected within 7 days after the initiation of treatment for TB. The assay's sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) were evaluated. Results. The proportion of patients with confirmed or suspected TB whose respiratory tract specimens were tested by use of NAA increased from 429 (12.9%) of 3334 patients in 2000 to 527 (15.6%) of 3386 patients in 2004; NAA testing among patients whose respiratory tract specimens tested positive for AFB increased from 415 (43.6%) of 952 patients in 2000 to 487 (55.5%) of 877 patients in 2004 (P < .001 for both trends). Of the 16,511 patients being evaluated for pulmonary TB, 4642 (28.1%) had specimens that tested positive for AFB on smear. Of those 4642 patients, 2241 (48.3%) had NAA performed on their specimens. Of those 2241 patients, 1279 (57.1%) had positive test results. Of those 1279 patients, 1262 (98.7%) were confirmed to have TB. For 1861 (40.1%) of the 4642 patients whose specimens tested positive for AFB on smear, the NAA test had a sensitivity of 96.0%, a specificity of 95.3%, a PPV of 98.0%, and an NPV of 90.9%. For 158 patients whose specimens tested negative for AFB on smear, the NAA test had a sensitivity of 79.3%, a specificity of 80.3%, a PPV of 83.1%, and an NPV of 76.0%, respectively. For the 215 specimens that tested positive for AFB by smear, we found a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 97.5%, 93.6%, 95.1%, and 96.8%, respectively. A high-grade smear was associated with a better test performance. Conclusion. NAA testing was helpful for determining whether patients whose specimens tested positive for AFB on smear had TB or not. This conclusion supports the use of this test for early diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. C1 [Laraque, Fabienne; Slopen, Meredith] New York City Dept Hlth Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Griggs, Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv Program, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Munsiff, Sonal S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Laraque, F (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth Mental Hyg, Off Care Treatment & Housing, Bur HIV Prevent & Control, 40 Worth St,Rm 1502,CN A-1, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM flaraque@health.nyc.gov NR 25 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 1 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1086/599037 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 455ND UT WOS:000266766500002 PM 19476429 ER PT J AU Shulman, ST Tanz, RR Dale, JB Beall, B Kabat, W Kabat, K Cederlund, E Patel, D Rippe, J Li, ZY Sakota, V AF Shulman, Stanford T. Tanz, Robert R. Dale, James B. Beall, Bernard Kabat, William Kabat, Kathleen Cederlund, Emily Patel, Devendra Rippe, Jason Li, Zhongya Sakota, Varja CA N Amer Streptococcal Pharyngitis S TI Seven-Year Surveillance of North American Pediatric Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis Isolates SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SERUM OPACITY FACTOR; UNITED-STATES; M-PROTEIN; VACCINE; EMM; IMMUNOGENICITY; PYOGENES; INFECTION; SAFETY AB Background. Pharyngeal group A streptococcal (GAS) emm type surveillance enhances understanding of the epidemiology of pharyngitis and invasive GAS disease and formulation of multivalent type-specific vaccines. In addition, such surveillance provides pre-GAS vaccine baseline data. We assessed geographic and temporal trends in GAS emm-type distribution among pediatric pharyngeal isolates collected systematically in the United States and Canada from 2000 to 2007. Methods. We collected similar to 100 acute GAS pharyngitis isolates from each of 13 widely scattered sites (10 in the United States and 3 in Canada) annually for 7 seasons (2000-2007) from 3- to 18-year-old children. We assessed emm type and subtype by DNA sequencing and analyzed temporal and geographic trends. Results. A total of 7040 US and 1434 Canadian GAS isolates were studied. The 6 most prevalent emm types (in descending order) were 1, 12, 28, 4, 3, and 2 in the United States and 12, 1, 28, 4, 3, 2, and 77 in Canada, constituting 70%-71% of isolates in each country; 10 emm types constituted 87%-89% total. Fifty-six emm types were identified in the United States, including 8 new types, and 33 types in Canada. Although a few types predominated nationally, marked variability among individual sites and at individual sites from year to year was observed. US-Canadian differences in type distribution were apparent. Twenty percent of isolates represented emm subtypes that differed slightly from reference types; 110 new subtypes were identified. An experimental 26-valent M protein vaccine covers 85% of pharyngitis isolates. Conclusions. Although overall US and Canadian emm type distribution was consistent and relatively few types dominated nationally, striking intersite and temporal variations within individual sites in prevalent emm types of GAS occurred. These results have important implications for the development and formulation of type-specific GAS vaccines. C1 [Shulman, Stanford T.; Kabat, William; Kabat, Kathleen; Cederlund, Emily; Patel, Devendra; Rippe, Jason] Childrens Mem Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Tanz, Robert R.] Childrens Mem Hosp, Div Gen Acad Pediat, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Shulman, Stanford T.; Tanz, Robert R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Pediat, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Dale, James B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. [Dale, James B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mol Sci, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN USA. [Dale, James B.] VA Med Ctr, Memphis, TN USA. [Beall, Bernard; Li, Zhongya; Sakota, Varja] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shulman, ST (reprint author), Childrens Mem Hosp, Div Infect Dis, 2300 Childrens Plaza,Box 20, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM sshulman@northwestern.edu FU ID Biomedical Corporation; National Institutes of Health [3R37 AI 10085]; Children's Memorial Research Center FX ID Biomedical Corporation, National Institutes of Health (3R37 AI 10085 to J. B. D.), and Children's Memorial Research Center. NR 24 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 1 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1086/599344 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 455ND UT WOS:000266766500007 PM 19480575 ER PT J AU Skoff, TH Farley, MM Petit, S Craig, AS Schaffner, W Gershman, K Harrison, LH Lynfield, R Mohle-Boetani, J Zansky, S Albanese, BA Stefonek, K Zell, ER Jackson, D Thompson, T Schrag, SJ AF Skoff, Tami H. Farley, Monica M. Petit, Susan Craig, Allen S. Schaffner, William Gershman, Ken Harrison, Lee H. Lynfield, Ruth Mohle-Boetani, Janet Zansky, Shelley Albanese, Bernadette A. Stefonek, Karen Zell, Elizabeth R. Jackson, Delois Thompson, Terry Schrag, Stephanie J. TI Increasing Burden of Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease in Nonpregnant Adults, 1990-2007 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; BACTEREMIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; MARYLAND; VACCINE; OBESITY; TRENDS AB Background. Group B Streptococcus (GBS), traditionally considered to be a neonatal pathogen, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults and among those with underlying medical conditions. We used population-based surveillance to examine trends in adult GBS disease during the period 1990-2007 and to describe the epidemiology of adult GBS disease to guide prevention efforts. Methods. Active Bacterial Core surveillance was conducted in selected counties in 10 US states. A case was defined as isolation of GBS from a normally sterile site in a nonpregnant resident of a surveillance area who was >= 18 years of age. Rates were calculated using US Census data. Demographic and clinical information was abstracted from medical records. Serotyping and susceptibility testing were performed on isolates collected from a subset of case patients. Results. A total of 19,512 GBS cases were identified in nonpregnant adults during 1990-2007 (median patient age, 63 years); the incidence of adult GBS disease doubled from 3.6 cases per 100,000 persons during 1990 to 7.3 cases per 100,000 persons during 2007 (P < .001). The mean difference in incidence between black and white persons was 4.6 cases per 100,000 persons (range, 3.1 cases per 100,000 persons during 1991 to 5.8 cases per 100,000 persons during 1999). Common clinical syndromes in 2007 included bacteremia without focus (39.3%), skin and/or soft-tissue infection (25.6%), and pneumonia (12.6%). Most (88.0%) GBS cases in adults had >= 1 underlying condition; diabetes was present in 44.4% of cases. Serotypes V, Ia, II, and III accounted for 80.8% of infections during 1998-1999 and 78.5% of infections during 2005-2006. Conclusions. Invasive GBS disease in nonpregnant adults represents a substantial and increasing burden, particularly among older persons, black persons, and adults with diabetes. Prevention strategies are needed. C1 [Skoff, Tami H.; Zell, Elizabeth R.; Jackson, Delois; Thompson, Terry; Schrag, Stephanie J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Petit, Susan] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Craig, Allen S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Schaffner, William] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Gershman, Ken] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Harrison, Lee H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Mohle-Boetani, Janet] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Zansky, Shelley] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Albanese, Bernadette A.] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Stefonek, Karen] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Skoff, TH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tlh9@cdc.gov FU Emerging Infections Program Network; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Emerging Infections Program Network, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 32 TC 141 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1086/599369 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 455ND UT WOS:000266766500008 PM 19480572 ER PT J AU Collignon, P Powers, JH Chiller, TM Aidara-Kane, A Aarestrup, FM AF Collignon, Peter Powers, John H. Chiller, Tom M. Aidara-Kane, Awa Aarestrup, Frank M. TI World Health Organization Ranking of Antimicrobials According to Their Importance in Human Medicine: A Critical Step for Developing Risk Management Strategies for the Use of Antimicrobials in Food Production Animals SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; BETA-LACTAMASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CAMPYLOBACTER; PIGS; QUINOLONE AB The use of antimicrobials in food animals creates an important source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria that can spread to humans through the food supply. Improved management of the use of antimicrobials in food animals, particularly reducing the usage of those that are "critically important" for human medicine, is an important step toward preserving the benefits of antimicrobials for people. The World Health Organization has developed and applied criteria to rank antimicrobials according to their relative importance in human medicine. Clinicians, regulatory agencies, policy makers, and other stakeholders can use this ranking when developing risk management strategies for the use of antimicrobials in food production animals. The ranking allows stakeholders to focus risk management efforts on drugs used in food animals that are the most important to human medicine and, thus, need to be addressed most urgently, such as fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and third-and fourth-generation cephalosporins. C1 [Collignon, Peter] Australian Natl Univ, Infect Dis Unit, Canberra Hosp, Sch Clin Med,Microbiol Dept, Woden, ACT 2607, Australia. [Powers, John H.] NIAID, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Collaborat Clin Res Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Powers, John H.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Powers, John H.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. [Chiller, Tom M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Aidara-Kane, Awa] WHO, Dept Food Safety Zoonoses & Foodborne Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Aarestrup, Frank M.] Tech Univ Denmark, Head Community Reference Lab Antimicrobial Resist, Natl Food Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Aarestrup, Frank M.] Tech Univ Denmark, WHO, Natl Food Inst, Collaborating Ctr Antimicrobial Resistance Foodbo, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Collignon, P (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Infect Dis Unit, Canberra Hosp, Sch Clin Med,Microbiol Dept, Woden, ACT 2607, Australia. EM peter.collignon@act.gov.au FU National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E]; WHO FX The National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health (contract HHSN261200800001E); and WHO. NR 46 TC 148 Z9 153 U1 7 U2 44 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 1 BP 132 EP 141 DI 10.1086/599374 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 455ND UT WOS:000266766500015 PM 19489713 ER PT J AU Apisarnthanarak, A Uyeki, TM Miller, ER Mundy, LM AF Apisarnthanarak, Anucha Uyeki, Timothy M. Miller, Elaine R. Mundy, Linda M. TI Serum Sickness-Like Reaction Associated with Inactivated Influenza Vaccination among Thai Health Care Personnel: Risk Factors and Outcomes SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE-REACTIONS; ALLERGY; WORKERS AB Fourteen (3%) of 495 Thai health care personnel were identified as having a serum sickness-like reaction in 2008 after receipt of inactivated influenza vaccine manufactured in Thailand. These health care personnel experienced fever, myalgia, centrifugal arthralgias, and injection site erythema. A history of allergic reactions to food or drugs (adjusted odds ratio, 5.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.54-25.4) was independently associated with a serum sickness-like reaction. C1 [Apisarnthanarak, Anucha] Thammasat Univ Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. [Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Miller, Elaine R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mundy, Linda M.] St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Apisarnthanarak, A (reprint author), Thammasat Univ Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. EM anapisarn@yahoo.com RI doungbuppa, wilailud/C-5387-2009 FU The Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology Research Unit of Thammasat University FX The Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology Research Unit of Thammasat University (to A.A.). NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 1 BP E18 EP E22 DI 10.1086/599615 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 455ND UT WOS:000266766500029 PM 19480578 ER PT J AU Premaratna, R Chandrasena, TGAN Rajapakse, RPVJ Eremeeva, ME Dasch, GA Bandara, NKBKRGW de Silva, HJ AF Premaratna, R. Chandrasena, T. G. A. N. Rajapakse, R. P. V. J. Eremeeva, M. E. Dasch, G. A. Bandara, N. K. B. K. R. G. W. de Silva, H. J. TI Rickettsioses presenting as major joint arthritis and erythema nodosum: description of four patients SO CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arthritis; Erythema nodosum; Orientia tsutsugamushi; Rickettsia conorii; Rickettsial infections ID SPOTTED-FEVER; SRI-LANKA; INFECTIONS; PROVINCE AB Erythema nodosum and aseptic arthritis are recognized associations of rickettsial infections. However, they usually present with a febrile illness rather than with severe arthritis. We report three patients who presented with incapacitating major joint arthritis and one who presented with severe spondyloarthropathy in addition to major joint arthritis due to serologically confirmed Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia conorii infections. All of them had erythema nodosum and low-grade fever. They had rapid clinical response to doxycycline. C1 [Premaratna, R.; de Silva, H. J.] Univ Kelaniya, Dept Med, Fac Med, Ragama, Sri Lanka. [Chandrasena, T. G. A. N.] Univ Kelaniya, Dept Parasitol, Fac Med, Ragama, Sri Lanka. [Bandara, N. K. B. K. R. G. W.] Univ Kelaniya, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Ragama, Sri Lanka. [Rajapakse, R. P. V. J.] Univ Peradeniya, Fac Vet Med, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. [Eremeeva, M. E.; Dasch, G. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Premaratna, R (reprint author), Univ Kelaniya, Dept Med, Fac Med, POB 6,Thalagolla Rd, Ragama, Sri Lanka. EM ranjan_premaratna@lycos.com NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0770-3198 J9 CLIN RHEUMATOL JI Clin. Rheumatol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 28 IS 7 BP 867 EP 868 DI 10.1007/s10067-009-1166-3 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 451CI UT WOS:000266447900018 PM 19319622 ER PT J AU Schotthoefer, AM Bolek, MG Cole, RA Beasley, VR AF Schotthoefer, Anna M. Bolek, Matthew G. Cole, Rebecca A. Beasley, Val R. TI Parasites of the Mink Frog (Rana septentrionalis) from Minnesota, USA SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rana septentrionalis; mink frog; helminths; Minnesota; echinostomatid; Fibricola; plagiorchiid; Apharyngostrigea pipientis; Haematoloechus parviplexus; Haematoloechus longiplexus; Haematoloechus breviplexus; Gorgodera amplicava; Gorgoderina multilobata; Cephalogonimus americanus; Loxogenes arcanum; Oswaldocruzia pipiens; Cosmocercoides dukae; Trypanosoma pipientis ID BUFO-AMERICANUS; UNITED-STATES; LIMB MALFORMATIONS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; ALGONQUIAN PARK; DEROCERAS-LAEVE; LEOPARD FROGS; NEW-BRUNSWICK; GREEN FROGS; NEMATODA AB Twenty-two mink frogs, Rana septentrionalis, collected from two locations in Minnesota, United States, were examined for helminth and Protozoan blood parasites in July 1999. A total of 16 parasite taxa were recovered including 5 larval digenean trematodes, 7 adult digenean trematodes, 3 nematodes, and 1 Trypanosoma species. Infracommunities were dominated by the digeneans in terms of richness and abundance. In particular, echinostomatid metacercariae in the kidneys of frogs were the most common parasites found, infecting 100% of the frogs and consisting of about 90% of all helminth individuals recovered. Gorgodera amplicava, Gorgoderina multilobata, Haematoloechus parviplexus, Haematoloechus breviplexus, Cosmocercoides dukae, and Oswaldocruzia pipiens represent new host records. The survey presented here represents the second known helminth survey of mink frogs conducted in North America. A Summary of metazoan parasites reported from mink frogs is included. C1 [Schotthoefer, Anna M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Bolek, Matthew G.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Cole, Rebecca A.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Beasley, Val R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Schotthoefer, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gve3@cdc.gov; bolek@okstate.edu; RCole@usgs.gov; val@illinois.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR [EPA: R82-5867] FX We Would like to thank J. E. Murphy for collecting frogs, the late D. R. Sutherland for help in necropsying the frogs, and A. V. Koehler for reading blood films. We also greatly acknowledge A. Jim6nez-Ruiz of the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum, for providing specimens of gorgoderids for comparisons. Additionally, M.G.B. thanks Cedar Point Biological Station, University of NebraskaLincoln, for use of facilities. Funding was provided by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR (EPA: R82-5867) grant to V.R.B. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the EPA, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 76 IS 2 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.1654/4353.1 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 485RP UT WOS:000269141700011 ER PT J AU Ibanez, GE Marin, BVO Flores, SA Millett, G Diaz, RM AF Ibanez, Gladys E. Marin, Barbara Van Oss Flores, Stephen A. Millett, Gregorio Diaz, Rafael M. TI General and Gay-Related Racism Experienced by Latino Gay Men SO CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE racism; scale; gay men; Latino; skin color ID BISEXUAL MEN; HEALTH; DISCRIMINATION; HIV; COMMUNITY; PERSPECTIVE; AMERICANS; STRESS; COLOR; BLACK AB Latino gay men report experiences of racial discrimination within and outside the gay community. This study focused on correlates of racism within general and gay contexts. Racism was assessed in a probability sample of 911 Latino gay men recruited front 3 U.S. cities. Factor analysis of the 10-item scale produced 2 factors: (a) General Racism Experiences, and (b) Racism Experiences in Gay Contexts. The scale and each factor showed adequate reliability and validity. Latino gay men with darker skin, more Indian features, more time in the United States, and low self-esteem reported more racism in both general and gay contexts. The authors examine the psychometric properties of a measure that assesses interpersonal racism among Latinos, report correlates of racism within a gay context, and provide an assessment tool for understanding the role of racism in the lives of Latino gay men. C1 [Ibanez, Gladys E.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Drug & Alcohol Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33134 USA. [Flores, Stephen A.; Millett, Gregorio] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Diaz, Rafael M.] San Francisco State Univ, Cesar E Chavez Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Ibanez, GE (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Drug & Alcohol Studies, 2121 Ponce Leon Blvd,Suite 430, Coral Gables, FL 33134 USA. EM gladysibanez@aol.com FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD32776] NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1099-9809 J9 CULT DIVERS ETHN MIN JI Cult. Divers. Ethn. Minor. Psychol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1037/a0014613 PG 8 WC Ethnic Studies; Psychology, Social SC Ethnic Studies; Psychology GA 476UC UT WOS:000268470500002 PM 19594250 ER PT J AU Kilmarx, PH AF Kilmarx, Peter H. TI Global epidemiology of HIV SO CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; global epidemiology; HIV; transmission AB Purpose of review To provide an update on the epidemiology of HIV worldwide and by region, along with an overview of recent HIV epidemiological research. Recent findings The global prevalence of HIV-1 has stabilized at 0.8%, with 33 million people living with HIV/AIDS, 2.7 million new infections, and 2.0 million AIDS deaths in 2007. Heterosexual spread in the general population is the main mode of transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, which remains the most heavily affected region, with 67% of the global burden. Male-male sex, injection drug use, and sex work are the predominant risk factors in most other regions. Infection rates are declining in some regions, including some of the most heavily affected countries in Africa, but climbing elsewhere such as in eastern Europe and central Asia. Recent HIV epidemiologic research findings include new insights into the role of HIV viral load, co-infection with sexually transmitted infections, male circumcision, antiretroviral treatment, serosorting, and superinfection in HIV transmission and prevention. Summary The global prevalence of HIV has stabilized in this decade, but with important regional differences in trends and modes of transmission. Prevention and treatment programs have an expanding impact in preventing HIV infection and AIDS deaths. C1 [Kilmarx, Peter H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pbk4@cdc.gov OI Kilmarx, Peter/0000-0001-6464-3345 NR 45 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1746-630X J9 CURR OPIN HIV AIDS JI Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS PD JUL PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.1097/COH.0b013e32832c06db PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA V19PB UT WOS:000208083200002 PM 19532059 ER PT J AU Diaz, T Garcia-Calleja, JM Ghys, PD Sabin, K AF Diaz, Theresa Garcia-Calleja, Jesus M. Ghys, Peter D. Sabin, Keith TI Advances and future directions in HIV surveillance in low- and middle-income countries SO CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; HIV; low- and middle-income countries; surveillance AB Purpose of review To present recent advances in HIV/AIDS surveillance methods in low-and middle-income countries. Recent findings From 2001 to 2008, 30 low-and middle-income countries implemented national population-based surveys with HIV testing. Antenatal clinic HIV sentinel surveillance sites in sub-Saharan Africa increased from just over 1000 in 2003-2004 to almost 2500 in 2005-2006, becoming more representative of rural areas. Between 2003 and 2007, at least 122 behavioral surveys in low-and middle-income countries used respondent-driven sampling for surveillance among high-risk populations, although many countries with concentrated epidemics continue to have major sentinel surveillance gaps. Improvements have been made in modeling estimates of number of persons HIV infected, and systems are now in place to measure HIV drug resistance. However, the reliable monitoring of trends and the measuring of HIV incidence, morbidity, and mortality is still a challenge. Summary In the past 5 years, there have been substantial improvements in the quantity and quality of HIV surveillance studies, especially in the countries with high prevalence. Further efforts should be made in countries that lack fully implemented surveillance systems to improve HIV incidence, morbidity, and mortality surveillance and to use data more effectively. C1 [Diaz, Theresa; Sabin, Keith] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Garcia-Calleja, Jesus M.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Ghys, Peter D.] Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Diaz, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, MS E-30,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM TDiaz@cdc.gov OI Sabin, Keith/0000-0002-2290-8621 NR 81 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1746-630X J9 CURR OPIN HIV AIDS JI Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS PD JUL PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1097/COH.0b013e32832c1898 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA V19PB UT WOS:000208083200004 PM 19532061 ER PT J AU Des Jarlais, DC Arasteh, K Semaan, S Wood, E AF Des Jarlais, Don C. Arasteh, Kamyar Semaan, Salaam Wood, Evan TI HIV among injecting drug users: current epidemiology, biologic markers, respondent-driven sampling, and supervised-injection facilities SO CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; epidemiology; HIV; injecting drug use; respondent-driven sampling; supervised-injecting facilities ID BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE; INTERNATIONAL SETTINGS; HIDDEN POPULATIONS; DEHONG PREFECTURE; CAUTIONARY TALE; YUNNAN PROVINCE; VANCOUVER; COHORT; METHODOLOGY; INFECTIONS AB Purpose of review To describe recent research done primarily during the past 12 months (i.e., primarily in 2008) on the epidemiology of HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs). Recent findings Major research developments include a global assessment of HIV infection among IDUs and evidence of a transition from epidemics concentrated among IDUs to generalized, heterosexual epidemics in eastern Europe and Asia. Intervention research also includes several studies of supervised-injecting facilities. Methodological research includes respondent-driven sampling and the use of hepatitis C virus and herpes simplex virus-2 as biomarkers for injecting and sexual risk. Summary There have been important advances in research during the past year, but HIV infection continues to spread rapidly across many areas of the world among IDUs and their nondrug-using sex partners. C1 [Des Jarlais, Don C.; Arasteh, Kamyar] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, New York, NY 10038 USA. [Semaan, Salaam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wood, Evan] Univ British Columbia, Div Infect Dis, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Des Jarlais, DC (reprint author), Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, 160 Water St,24th Floor, New York, NY 10038 USA. EM dcdesjarla@aol.com FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [DA 03574] FX Funding for the present work is from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), grant number DA 03574. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1746-630X J9 CURR OPIN HIV AIDS JI Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS PD JUL PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1097/COH.0b013e32832bbc6f PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA V19PB UT WOS:000208083200012 PM 19532069 ER PT J AU Wang, J Imai, K Engelgau, MM Geiss, LS Wen, C Zhang, P AF Wang, Jing Imai, Kumiko Engelgau, Michael M. Geiss, Linda S. Wen, Christina Zhang, Ping TI Secular Trends in Diabetes-Related Preventable Hospitalizations in the United States, 1998-2006 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID US ADULTS; COMPLICATIONS; MELLITUS; IMPACT; RISK; CARE AB OBJECTIVE - To examine secular trends in diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations among adults with diabetes in the U.S. from 1998 to 2006. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We used nationally representative data from the National Inpatient Sample to identify diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations. Based on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Prevention Quality Indicators, we considered that hospitalizations associated With the following four conditions were preventable: uncontrolled diabetes, short-term complications, long-term complications, and lower-extremity amputations. Estimates of the number of adults With diabetes were obtained from the National Health Interview Survey. Rates of hospitalizations among adults with diabetes were derived and tested for trends. RESULTS - Age-adjusted rates for overall diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations per 100 adults With diabetes declined 27%, from 5.2 to 3.8 during 1998-2006 (P(trend) < 0.01). This rate decreased significantly for all but not for short-term complication (58% for uncontrolled diabetes, 37% for lower-extremity amputations, 23% for long-term complications [all P < 0.01], and 15% for the short-term Complication [P = 0.18]). Stratified by age-group and condition, the decline was significant for all age-condition groups (all P < 0.05) except short-term complications (P = 0.33) and long-term complications (P = 0.08) for the age-group 18-44 years. The decrease was significant for all sex-condition combination subgroups (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS - We found a decrease in diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations in the U.S. from 1998 to 2006. This trend could reflect improvements in quality of primary care for individuals with diabetes. C1 [Wang, Jing; Engelgau, Michael M.; Geiss, Linda S.; Wen, Christina; Zhang, Ping] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Imai, Kumiko] UNICEF, Mbabane, Switzerland. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM paz2@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2009 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1213 EP 1217 DI 10.2337/dc08-2211 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 469EK UT WOS:000267878300017 PM 19366966 ER PT J AU Stoddard, RA Gee, JE Wilkins, PP McCaustland, K Hoffmaster, AR AF Stoddard, Robyn A. Gee, Jay E. Wilkins, Patricia P. McCaustland, Karen Hoffmaster, Alex R. TI Detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. through TaqMan polymerase chain reaction targeting the LipL32 gene SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Leptospira; Leptospirosis; Real-time PCR; TaqMan; Diagnosis; LipL32 ID REAL-TIME PCR; QUANTITATIVE PCR; INFECTION; INSIGHTS; PROTEIN AB Rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis, through culture and/or serology, can be difficult without proper expertise and is often delayed because of the length of time required to obtain results. In this study, we developed a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using a TaqMan probe targeting lipL32, which is present only in pathogenic Leptospira spp. Using Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae DNA, the lower limit of detection was found to be 20 genomic equivalents/reaction with a 95% cutoff value. The assay detected pathogenic Leptospira strains, but not intermediately pathogenic or nonpathogenic strains. When testing the assay on spiked clinical specimens, whole blood and plasma were better specimens for detecting the same initial number of leptospires compared with serum from clotted and centrifuged blood. Leptospira spiked at the same concentration was better detected in centrifuged urine. This real-time PCR assay with high specificity and sensitivity may prove to be a rapid method for diagnosing acute leptospirosis. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Stoddard, Robyn A.; Gee, Jay E.; Wilkins, Patricia P.; Hoffmaster, Alex R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McCaustland, Karen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stoddard, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rastoddard@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 117 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 64 IS 3 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.03.014 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 461OL UT WOS:000267277300002 PM 19395218 ER PT J AU Armour, BS Ouyang, LJ Thibadeau, J Grosse, SD Campbell, VA Joseph, D AF Armour, Brian S. Ouyang, Lijing Thibadeau, Judy Grosse, Scott D. Campbell, Vincent A. Joseph, David TI Hospitalization for urinary tract infections and the quality of preventive health care received by people with spina bifida SO DISABILITY AND HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Quality of care; Disability; Spina bifida; Urinary tract infections; Preventable hospitalizations ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; SENSITIVE CONDITIONS; NEUROGENIC BLADDER; PERSONAL CARE; MANAGED CARE; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; ASSISTANCE; BACTERIURIA; POPULATION AB Background: The preventive health care needs of people with disabilities often go unmet, resulting in medical complications that may require hospitalization. Such complications could be due, in part, to difficulty accessing care or the quality of ambulatory care services received. Objective: To use hospitalizations for urinary tract infections (UTIs) as a marker of the potential quality of ambulatory care services received by people affected by spina bifida. Methods: MarketScan inpatient and outpatient medical claims data for 2000 through 2003 were used to identify hospitalizations for UTI, which is an ambulatory care sensitive condition, for people affected by spina bifida and to calculate inpatient discharge rates, average lengths of stay, and average medical care expenditures for such hospitalizations. Results: People affected by spina bifida averaged 0.5 hospitalizations per year, and there were 22.8 inpatient admissions with UTI per 1000 persons with spina bifida during the period 2000-2003, in comparison to an average of 0.44 admission with UTI per 1000 persons for those without spina bifida. If the number of UTI hospitalizations among people affected by spina bifida were reduced by 50%, expenditures could be reduced by $4.4 million per 1000 patients. Conclusions: Consensus on the evaluation and management of bacteriuria could enhance clinical care and reduce the disparity in UTI discharge rates among people affected by spina bifida compared to those without spina bifida. National evidence-based guidelines are needed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Armour, Brian S.; Ouyang, Lijing; Thibadeau, Judy; Grosse, Scott D.; Campbell, Vincent A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Thibadeau, Judy] McKing Consulting Corp, Natl Spina Bifida Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Joseph, David] Univ Alabama, Dept Surg, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. [Joseph, David] Childrens Hosp, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. RP Armour, BS (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-88, Atlanta, GA USA. EM barmour@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1936-6574 J9 DISABIL HEALTH J JI Disabil. Health J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.dhjo.2009.02.001 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA 668QM UT WOS:000283284700005 PM 21122753 ER PT J AU Chapman, AS Swerdlow, DL Dato, VM Anderson, AD Moodie, CE Marriott, C Amman, B Hennessey, M Fox, P Green, DB Pegg, E Nicholson, WL Eremeeva, ME Dasch, GA AF Chapman, Alice S. Swerdlow, David L. Dato, Virginia M. Anderson, Alicia D. Moodie, Claire E. Marriott, Chandra Amman, Brian Hennessey, Morgan Fox, Perry Green, Douglas B. Pegg, Eric Nicholson, William L. Eremeeva, Marina E. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Cluster of Sylvatic Epidemic Typhus Cases Associated with Flying Squirrels, 2004-2006 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA-PROWAZEKII; UNITED-STATES C1 [Chapman, Alice S.; Swerdlow, David L.; Anderson, Alicia D.; Moodie, Claire E.; Amman, Brian; Hennessey, Morgan; Green, Douglas B.; Pegg, Eric; Nicholson, William L.; Eremeeva, Marina E.; Dasch, Gregory A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dato, Virginia M.; Marriott, Chandra; Fox, Perry] Penn Dept Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Dasch, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ged4@cdc.gov OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1005 EP 1011 DI 10.3201/eid1507.081305 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 467GK UT WOS:000267726100001 PM 19624912 ER PT J AU Burman, WJ Bliven, EE Cowan, L Bozeman, L Nahid, P Diem, L Vernon, A AF Burman, William J. Bliven, Erin E. Cowan, Lauren Bozeman, Lorna Nahid, Payam Diem, Lois Vernon, Andrew CA TB Trials Consortium TI Relapse Associated with Active Disease Caused by Beijing Strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 104th International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society CY MAY 16-21, 2008 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Thorac Soc ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; GENOTYPE; REINFECTION; VIRULENCE; SPREAD; CHEMOTHERAPY; RIFAPENTINE; INFECTION AB The role of microbial factors in outcomes of tuberculosis treatment has not been well studied. We performed a case-control study to evaluate the association between a Beijing strain and tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Isolates from patients with culture-positive treatment failure (n = 8) or relapse (n = 54) were compared with isolates from randomly selected controls (n = 296) by using spoligotyping. Patients with Beijing strains had a higher risk for relapse (odds ratio [OR] 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-4.0, p = 0.04) but not for treatment failure. Adjustment for factors previously associated with relapse had little effect on the association between Beijing strains and relapse. Beijing strains were strongly associated with relapse among Asian-Pacific Islanders (OR 11, 95% CI 1.1-108, p = 0.04). Active disease caused by a Beijing strain was associated with increased risk for relapse, particularly among Asian-Pacific Islanders. C1 [Burman, William J.] Denver Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Clinic, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Burman, William J.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Bliven, Erin E.; Cowan, Lauren; Bozeman, Lorna; Diem, Lois; Vernon, Andrew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nahid, Payam] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Burman, WJ (reprint author), Denver Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Clinic, 605 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM bburman@dhha.org NR 38 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1061 EP 1067 DI 10.3201/eid1507.081253 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 467GK UT WOS:000267726100009 PM 19624921 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Awake, Arise, or Be for Ever Fall'n SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMPI@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1155 EP 1156 DI 10.3201/eid1507.000000 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 467GK UT WOS:000267726100041 PM 19624953 ER PT J AU Fleming, LE Bean, JA Kirkpatrick, B Cheng, YS Pierce, R Naar, J Nierenberg, K Backer, LC Wanner, A Reich, A Zhou, Y Watkins, S Henry, M Zaias, J Abraham, WM Benson, J Cassedy, A Hollenbeck, J Kirkpatrick, G Clarke, T Baden, DG AF Fleming, Lora E. Bean, Judy A. Kirkpatrick, Barbara Cheng, Yung Sung Pierce, Richard Naar, Jerome Nierenberg, Kate Backer, Lorraine C. Wanner, Adam Reich, Andrew Zhou, Yue Watkins, Sharon Henry, Mike Zaias, Julia Abraham, William M. Benson, Janet Cassedy, Amy Hollenbeck, Julie Kirkpatrick, Gary Clarke, Tainya Baden, Daniel G. TI Exposure and Effect Assessment of Aerosolized Red Tide Toxins (Brevetoxins) and Asthma SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asthma; brevetoxins; harmful algal blooms (HABs); Karenia brevis; red tides; sensitive populations; spirometry ID MARINE AEROSOL; EVENTS; PERCEPTION; SHELLFISH AB BACKGROUND: In previous studies we demonstrated statistically significant changes in reported symptoms for lifeguards, general beach goers, and persons with asthma, as well as statistically significant changes in pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in asthmatics, after exposure to brevetoxins in Florida red tide (Karenia brevis bloom) aerosols. OBJECTIVES: In this study we explored the use of different methods of intensive ambient and personal air monitoring to characterize these exposures to predict self-reported health effects in our asthmatic study population. METHODS: We evaluated health effects in 87 subjects with asthma before and after 1 hr of exposure to Florida red tide aerosols and assessed for aerosolized brevetoxin exposure using personal and ambient samplers. RESULTS: After only I hr of exposure to Florida red tide aerosols containing brevetoxin concentrations > 57 ng/m(3), asthmatics had statistically significant increases in self-reported respiratory symptoms and total symptom scores. However, we did not see the expected corresponding changes in PFT results. Significant increases in self-reported symptoms were also observed for those not using asthma medication and those living : I mile from the coast. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide additional evidence of health effects in asthmatics from ambient exposure to aerosols containing very low concentrations of brevetoxins, possibly at the lower threshold for inducing a biologic response (i.e., toxicity). Consistent with the literature describing self-reported symptoms as an accurate measure of asthmatic distress, our results suggest that self-reported symptoms are a valuable measure of the extent of health effects from exposure to aerosolized brevetoxins in asthmatic populations. C1 [Fleming, Lora E.; Hollenbeck, Julie] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Oceans, Natl Sci Fdn, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fleming, Lora E.; Hollenbeck, Julie] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fleming, Lora E.; Wanner, Adam; Zaias, Julia; Abraham, William M.; Clarke, Tainya] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Bean, Judy A.; Cassedy, Amy] Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Bean, Judy A.; Cassedy, Amy] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Kirkpatrick, Barbara; Pierce, Richard; Nierenberg, Kate; Henry, Mike; Kirkpatrick, Gary] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Cheng, Yung Sung; Zhou, Yue; Benson, Janet] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Naar, Jerome; Baden, Daniel G.] Univ N Carolina, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Backer, Lorraine C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Reich, Andrew; Watkins, Sharon] Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Fleming, LE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 1801 NW 9th Ave,Highland Profess Bldg,Suite 200 R, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM lfleming@med.miami.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [P01 ES10594, NIEHS 1 P50 ES12736]; Florida Department of Environmental Protection; Florida Red Tide Control and Mitigation; National Science Foundation [NSF OCE0432368] FX This research was supported by grant P01 ES10594 and a Minority Supplement from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Florida Department of Health. Additional support was received from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Red Tide Control and Mitigation; the National Science Foundation (NSF OCE0432368), and the NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School (NIEHS 1 P50 ES12736). NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 117 IS 7 BP 1095 EP 1100 DI 10.1289/ehp.0900673 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 465WV UT WOS:000267621200029 PM 19654919 ER PT J AU Kato, K Calafat, AM Needham, LL AF Kato, Kayoko Calafat, Antonia M. Needham, Larry L. TI Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in house dust SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dust; Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals; Exposure; PFCs ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PERFLUORINATED ACIDS; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; NHANES 1999-2000; NATIONAL-HEALTH; HUMAN EXPOSURE; US POPULATION AB We developed a high throughput analytical method using on-line solid phase extraction coupled with isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (on-line SPE-HPLC-MS/MS) to simultaneously determine the concentrations of 17 polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) in house dust. The sample preparation includes dispersion of the dust samples in 0.1 M formic acid:MeOH (1:1), followed by agitation and filtration, addition of the isotope-labeled internal standard solution to the filtrate, and analysis by on-line SPE-HPLC-MS/MS. The limits of quantitation were <4.0 ng/g. The method accuracies ranged between 73.2% and 100.2% for the different analytes at two spike levels. We confirmed the validity of the method by analyzing 39 household dust samples collected in 2004. Of the 17 PFCs measured, 6 of them-perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBuS), N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide, 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (Et-PFOSA-AcOH), 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) ethanol (Me-PFOSA-EtOH), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-had detection frequencies >70%. We detected PFOS, PFBuS, and PFHxS at the highest median concentration, followed by Et-PFOSA-AcOH and Me-PFOSA-EtOH. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kato, Kayoko; Calafat, Antonia M.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 39 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 109 IS 5 BP 518 EP 523 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2009.01.005 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461OO UT WOS:000267277600002 PM 19261270 ER PT J AU Johnson, D Parker, JD AF Johnson, Derek Parker, Jennifer D. TI Air pollution exposure and self-reported cardiovascular disease SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Particulate matter; National Health interview Survey (NHIS); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Hypertension; Cardiovascular health ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CARDIOPULMONARY MORTALITY; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; RATE-VARIABILITY; FINE; ASSOCIATION; MORBIDITY; CITIES AB Background: Studies suggest that increases of fine particle concentrations (PM(2.5)) could be linked with a rise in cardiovascular disease. With approximately 25% of American adults aged 30 and older reporting having either heart disease or hypertension it is possible that exposure to air pollution could have significant public health consequences. This study examined the relationship between PM(2.5) and the prevalence of self-reported hypertension and heart disease using data from a large nation-wide survey. Study design: Adults, 30 years of age or older, who participated in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 1999 to 2005 were linked to annual PM(2.5) data from the US Environmental Protection Agency (N = 132,224). Annual air quality estimates were averaged from monitors within 20 miles of the respondent's residential block group. Respondents who reported being told they had hypertension by a health professional on two or more separate occasions were defined as hypertensive. Heart disease was defined as answering, "yes" to one or more of three NHIS questions on heart disease. Results: A 10 mu g/m(3) increase in PM(2.5) exposure was associated with a small elevated risk of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.10) risk of heart disease (1.08 95% CI 1.00-1.16). The association between PM(2.5) and hypertension was found in non-Hispanic white adults (OR 1.10 95% CI 1.04-1.17) but not in non-Hispanic black or Hispanic adults. Conclusions: Findings from this study complement those from other studies and indicate that PM(2.5) adversely affects cardiovascular health. Our results are consistent with other studies in showing a small association between exposure to PM(2.5) and cardiovascular outcomes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, Derek; Parker, Jennifer D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Parker, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM balamm6@yahoo.com; jdp3@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 109 IS 5 BP 582 EP 589 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2009.01.001 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461OO UT WOS:000267277600011 PM 19394925 ER PT J AU Samandar, E Silva, MJ Reidy, JA Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Samandar, Ella Silva, Manori J. Reidy, John A. Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Temporal stability of eight phthalate metabolites and their glucuronide conjugates in human urine SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Biomonitoring; Glucuronidation; Phthalate metabolites; Exposure; Phthalate stability ID HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; OXIDATIVE METABOLITES; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; QUANTIFICATION; BIOMARKERS; MONOESTER; CHILDREN AB Humans are exposed to phthalates due to the ubiquitous use of these chemicals in consumer products. In the body, phthalates metabolize quickly to form hydrolytic and oxidative monoesters which, in turn, can be glucuronidated before urinary excretion. Exposure assessment studies typically report the total urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites (i.e., free plus glucuronidated species). Nevertheless, because conjugation may potentially reduce the bioactivity of the metabolites by reducing their bioavailability, measuring the concentrations of free species may be of interest. An accurate, quantitative measurement of phthalate monoesters and their conjugated species requires data on the stability of these species in urine after sample collection and before analysis. We studied the stability of eight phthalate metabolites and their glucuronide conjugates at 25, 4, and -70 degrees C. Interestingly, the total concentrations of phthalate metabolites decreased over time at 25 and 4 degrees C, but not at -70 degrees C for up to 1 year and despite several freeze-thaw cycles. We further observed a considerable decrease in the concentrations of the glucuronides of some phthalate metabolites 1 day and 3 days after collection when the samples were stored at 25 and 4 degrees C, respectively. By contrast, the concentrations of the glucuronide conjugates at -70 degrees C remained unchanged for the whole duration of the study (1 year). Based on these findings, we recommend transferring urine specimens to a cooler or a refrigerator immediately after collection followed by permanent storage at subfreezing temperatures within hours of sample collection. Published by Elsevier Inc C1 [Samandar, Ella; Silva, Manori J.; Reidy, John A.; Needham, Larry L.; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 109 IS 5 BP 641 EP 646 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2009.02.004 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461OO UT WOS:000267277600020 PM 19272594 ER PT J AU Tassone, EC Waller, LA Casper, ML AF Tassone, E. C. Waller, L. A. Casper, M. L. TI Small-area racial disparity in stroke mortality: An application of Bayesian spatial hierarchical modeling (vol 20, pg 234, 2009) SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Tassone, E. C.; Waller, L. A.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Tassone, E. C.; Casper, M. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tassone, EC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2009 VL 20 IS 4 BP 629 EP 629 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 458YJ UT WOS:000267065500035 ER PT J AU Dravniece, G Cain, KP Holtz, TH Riekstina, V Leimane, V Zaleskis, R AF Dravniece, G. Cain, K. P. Holtz, T. H. Riekstina, V. Leimane, V. Zaleskis, R. TI Adjunctive resectional lung surgery for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis; mortality; multidrug-resistant; surgery; tuberculosis ID SURGICAL INTERVENTION AB Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) poses significant management challenges as there are limited pharmacological treatment options for cure. Adjunctive resectional lung surgery decreases case-fatality rates for some patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), but its use has not been well documented for patients with XDR-TB. We describe 17 XDR-TB patients treated with surgery as part of their case management in Latvia during 1999-2005. One patient had no previous TB treatment history, 10 were previously treated for drug-susceptible TB and six were previously treated for MDR-TB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from the 17 patients were resistant to a mean of 9.2 drugs. Due to failure of pharmacological therapy, one due to a large cavity and one due to pulmonary haemorrhage, 15 patients were treated with surgery. Despite failure of pharmacological treatment in 15 out of 17 patients, eight (47%) were cured with adjunctive surgical treatment. Surgery should be explored as a possible treatment option for patients with XDR-TB. C1 [Dravniece, G.; Riekstina, V.; Leimane, V.] Latvia State Agcy TB & Lung Dis, Riga, Latvia. [Cain, K. P.; Holtz, T. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zaleskis, R.] World Hlth Org, Reg Off Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. EM gdravniece@tuberculosis.lv FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The present analysis was funded by the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA, USA). NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 442 GLOSSOP RD, SHEFFIELD S10 2PX, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 180 EP 183 DI 10.1183/09031936.00047208 PG 4 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 467XP UT WOS:000267777000025 PM 19567603 ER PT J AU Deyde, VM Gubareva, LV AF Deyde, Varough M. Gubareva, Larisa V. TI Influenza genome analysis using pyrosequencing method: current applications for a moving target SO EXPERT REVIEW OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Review DE adamantane; antiviral; avian influenza; H5N1; neuraminidase inhibitor; oseltamivir; resistance; seasonal influenza ID NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITOR RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; VIRUSES ISOLATED WORLDWIDE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; A H5N1 VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; B VIRUSES; OSELTAMIVIR RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY NETWORK; ADAMANTANE RESISTANCE AB Pyrosequencing is a high-throughput non-gel-based DNA sequencing method that was introduced in the late 1990s. It employs a DNA sequencing-by-synthesis approach based on real-time measurement of pyrophosphate released from incorporation of dNTPs. A cascade of enzymatic reactions proportionally converts the pyrophosphate to a light signal recorded in a form of peaks, known as pyrograms. Routinely, a 45-60-nucleotide sequence is obtained per reaction. Recent improvements introduced in the assay chemistry have extended the read to approximately 100 nucleotides. Since its advent, pyrosequencing has been applied in the fields of microbiology, molecular biology and pharmacogenomics. The pyrosequencing approach was first applied to analysis of influenza genome in 2005, when it played a critical role in the timely detection of an unprecedented rise in resistance to the adamantane class of anti-influenza drugs. More recently, pyrosequencing was successfully applied for monitoring the emergence and spread of influenza A (H1N1) virus resistance to oseltamivir, a newer anti-influenza drug. The present report summarizes known applications of the pyrosequencing approach for influenza genome analysis with an emphasis on drug-resistance detection. C1 [Deyde, Varough M.; Gubareva, Larisa V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virus Surveillance & Diag Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gubareva, LV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virus Surveillance & Diag Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mail Stop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lqg3@cdc.gov FU US CDC FX This work was funded by the US CDC. NR 98 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1473-7159 J9 EXPERT REV MOL DIAGN JI Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 9 IS 5 BP 493 EP 509 DI 10.1586/ERM.09.21 PG 17 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 475ND UT WOS:000268365700009 PM 19580433 ER PT J AU Powers, AM AF Powers, Ann M. TI Overview of emerging arboviruses SO FUTURE VIROLOGY LA English DT Review DE alphavirus; arbovirus; emergence; epidemics; flavivirus; viral evolution ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; EPIDEMIC CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS; ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; ZIKA VIRUS; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; REUNION-ISLAND; UNITED-STATES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; FEDERATED STATES; GENOME SEQUENCES AB Numerous arboviral outbreaks during the past decade have demonstrated that arthropod-borne pathogens continue to be significant public and animal health threats. These outbreaks have occurred globally and have not been limited to tropical or developing countries, as people and goods can be moved anywhere in the world within days. Several examples of recent outbreaks have been described, including how they were identified, tracked and the resulting outcomes from these events. Fortunately, scientific research, including advances in rapid detection of this diverse group of pathogens, has also been progressing. While arboviruses are likely to continually emerge and re-emerge, improved scientific technologies and approaches will hopefully make each future epidemic less likely to occur. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Powers, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM apowers@cdc.gov NR 115 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 48 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1746-0794 J9 FUTURE VIROL JI Future Virol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 BP 391 EP 401 DI 10.2217/FVL.09.19 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 472HA UT WOS:000268120000014 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Feero, WG Reyes, M Citrin, T Freedman, A Leonard, D Burke, W Coates, R Croyle, RT Edwards, K Kardia, S McBride, C Manolio, T Randhawa, G Rasooly, R Pierre, JS Terry, S AF Khoury, Muin J. Feero, W. Gregory Reyes, Michele Citrin, Toby Freedman, Andrew Leonard, Debra Burke, Wylie Coates, Ralph Croyle, Robert T. Edwards, Karen Kardia, Sharon McBride, Colleen Manolio, Teri Randhawa, Gurvaneet Rasooly, Rebekah Pierre, Jeannette St. Terry, Sharon CA GAPPNet Planning Grp TI The Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Network SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE decision support; genomics; information; medicine; network; public health ID EGAPP WORKING GROUP; OVARIAN-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; PROPHYLACTIC SURGERY; BREAST; RECOMMENDATIONS; WOMEN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MORBIDITY AB The authors describe the rationale and initial development of a new collaborative initiative, the Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Network. The network convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health includes multiple stakeholders from academia, government, health care, public health, industry and consumers. The premise of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Network is that there is an unaddressed chasm between gene discoveries and demonstration of their clinical validity and utility. This chasm is due to the lack of readily accessible information about the utility of most genomic applications and the lack of necessary knowledge by consumers and providers to implement what is known. The mission of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Network is to accelerate and streamline the effective integration of validated genomic knowledge into the practice of medicine and public health, by empowering and sponsoring research, evaluating research findings, and disseminating high quality information on candidate genomic applications in practice and prevention. Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Network will develop a process that links ongoing collection of information on candidate genomic applications to four crucial domains: (1) knowledge synthesis and dissemination for new and existing technologies, and the identification of knowledge gaps, (2) a robust evidence-based recommendation development process, (3) translation research to evaluate validity, utility and impact in the real world and how to disseminate and implement recommended genomic applications, and (4) programs to enhance practice, education, and surveillance. Genet Med 2009:11(7):488-494. C1 [Khoury, Muin J.; Reyes, Michele; Coates, Ralph; Pierre, Jeannette St.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Feero, W. Gregory; Kardia, Sharon; McBride, Colleen; Manolio, Teri] Natl Human Genome Res Inst, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Citrin, Toby; Croyle, Robert T.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Community & Publ Hlth Genom, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Freedman, Andrew] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Leonard, Debra] Cornell Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Burke, Wylie] Univ Washington, Ctr Genom & Healthcare Equal, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Edwards, Karen] Univ Washington, Ctr Genom & Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Randhawa, Gurvaneet] Agcy Healthcare Res Qual, Rockville, MD USA. [Rasooly, Rebekah] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Terry, Sharon] Genet Alliance, Washington, DC USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkhoury@cdc.gov OI Rasooly, Rebekah/0000-0002-6357-5528 NR 31 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 11 IS 7 BP 488 EP 494 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181a551cc PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 472WA UT WOS:000268162200002 PM 19471162 ER PT J AU Metjian, AD Wang, C Sood, SL Cuker, A Peterson, SM Soucie, JM Konkle, BA AF Metjian, A. D. Wang, C. Sood, S. L. Cuker, A. Peterson, S. M. Soucie, J. M. Konkle, B. A. CA HTCN Study Investigators TI Bleeding symptoms and laboratory correlation in patients with severe von Willebrand disease SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE arthropathy; factor VIII; haemorrhage; von Willebrand disease; von Willebrand factor ID VONWILLEBRANDS DISEASE; PROPHYLAXIS; DIAGNOSIS; HEMOPHILIA; COMPLICATIONS; GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT; TYPE-3 AB Type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a rare bleeding disorder with markedly decreased or absent von Willebrand factor (VWF) protein, accompanied by a parallel decrease in VWF function and factor VIII (FVIII) activity. The goal of this study was to describe the population of patients enrolled in the USA Centers for Disease Control Universal Data Collection (UDC) study with type 3 VWD, defined as a VWF:Ag of < 10%, and to correlate bleeding symptoms with VWF and FVIII levels. Data on 150 patients were analysed. Almost all patients experienced bleeding episodes (98%) and required blood and/or factor product treatment (92%). While oral mucosal bleeding (the site of first bleed in 54%) was most common, subsequent muscle and joint bleeds were also seen (28%, 45%, respectively), and intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 8% of individuals. Mean age of first bleed was lower in those with either a FVIII < 5% or a VWF:Ag < 1%. Univariate marginal model analysis showed lower levels of FVIII and VWF:Ag both predicted a higher risk of joint bleeding. Longitudinal multivariate analysis found a lower FVIII level (P = 0.03), increasing age (P < 0.0001), history of joint bleeding (P = 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.0001), and use of home infusion (P = 0.02) were all negatively associated with joint mobility. Low levels of VWF:Ag (P = 0.003) and male sex (P = 0.007) were also negatively associated with joint function. This study documents the strong bleeding phenotype in severe VWD and provides data to help target therapy, including prophylaxis, for patients most at risk of bleeding complications. C1 [Metjian, A. D.; Sood, S. L.; Cuker, A.; Konkle, B. A.] Univ Penn, Penn Comprehens Hemophilia & Thrombosis Program, Div Hematol Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wang, C.; Soucie, J. M.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Peterson, S. M.] Univ Kentucky, Hemophilia Treatment Ctr, Lexington, KY USA. RP Konkle, BA (reprint author), Univ Penn, Penn Comprehens Hemophilia & Thrombosis Program, Div Hematol Oncol, 51 N 39th St,MAB 103, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM barbara.konkle@uphs.upenn.edu RI Kerlin, Bryce/E-3369-2011 OI Kerlin, Bryce/0000-0002-1756-8271 FU Baxter-NHF Fellowship Award; Duke-UNC Clinical Hematology Research Career Development Program; National Institutes of Health [K12HL087064]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U27/CCU318053] FX This work was supported by a Baxter-NHF Fellowship Award and the Duke-UNC Clinical Hematology Research Career Development Program (to A.D.M.), K12HL087064 (to S.L.S.) from the National Institutes of Health, and by Cooperative Agreement # U27/CCU318053 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (to B.A.K). NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 918 EP 925 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02025.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 463IU UT WOS:000267426400011 PM 19473418 ER PT J AU Reefhuis, J Honein, MA Schieve, LA Correa, A Hobbs, CA Rasmussen, SA AF Reefhuis, J. Honein, M. A. Schieve, L. A. Correa, A. Hobbs, C. A. Rasmussen, S. A. TI Reply: ART and major structural birth defects in the USA SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Letter C1 [Reefhuis, J.; Honein, M. A.; Schieve, L. A.; Correa, A.; Rasmussen, S. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Hobbs, C. A.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Reefhuis, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM nzr5@cdc.gov RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1766 EP 1766 DI 10.1093/humrep/dep097 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 460VY UT WOS:000267220600032 ER PT J AU Plantinga, LC Miller, ER Stevens, LA Saran, R Messer, K Flowers, N Geiss, L Powe, NR AF Plantinga, Laura C. Miller, Edgar R., III Stevens, Lesley A. Saran, Rajiv Messer, Kassandra Flowers, Nicole Geiss, Linda Powe, Neil R. CA Ctr Dis Control Prevention Chronic TI Blood Pressure Control Among Persons Without and With Chronic Kidney Disease US Trends and Risk Factors 1999-2006 SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE blood pressure control; prevalence; trends; risk factors; treatment guidelines; chronic kidney disease ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; EVALUATION PROGRAM KEEP; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; SERUM CREATININE; ADULTS; AWARENESS; CKD AB Recent guidelines recommending more aggressive blood pressure control in patients with chronic kidney disease have unknown impact. We assessed trends in and predictors of blood pressure control in 8829 adult National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006 participants with hypertension (self-report, measured blood pressure, or use of antihypertensive medications), without (n = 7178) and with (n = 1651) chronic kidney disease. Uncontrolled blood pressure was defined as follows: general definition, systolic blood pressure >= 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure >= 90 mm Hg, and disease-specific definition, systolic blood pressure >= 130 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure >= 85 mm Hg (1999-2002) and systolic blood pressure >= 130 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure >= 80 mm Hg (2003-2006) for those with chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate: <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)) or diabetes mellitus (self-report). Proportions with uncontrolled blood pressure in 1999-2006 were greater in those with chronic kidney disease versus those without chronic kidney disease (51.5% versus 48.7% [general definition: P = 0.122] and 68.8% versus 51.7% [disease-specific definition: P < 0.001]). In those with chronic kidney disease, there were significant decreases in uncontrolled blood pressure over time (55.9% to 47.8% [general definition: P = 0.011]). With adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables, older age (P = 0.001) and lack of antihypertensive treatment (P < 0.001) were associated with uncontrolled blood pressure, regardless of chronic kidney disease status; nonwhite race (P = 0.002) was associated in those without chronic kidney disease, whereas female sex (P = 0.030) was associated in those with chronic kidney disease. Multiple medications (P < 0.001) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (P = 0.001) were associated with less uncontrolled blood pressure. Although some improvement has occurred over time, uncontrolled blood pressure remains highly prevalent, especially in subjects with chronic kidney disease and in nonwhites, older persons, and women. Therapy appears suboptimal. (Hypertension. 2009; 54: 47-56.) C1 [Plantinga, Laura C.; Powe, Neil R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Powe, Neil R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. [Miller, Edgar R., III; Powe, Neil R.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Stevens, Lesley A.] Tufts Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. [Messer, Kassandra] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Saran, Rajiv] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Flowers, Nicole] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Geiss, Linda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Plantinga, LC (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, 1001 Potrero Ave,Bldg 10,Floor 3, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM plantingal@medsfgh.ucsf.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Association of American Medical Colleges [U36/CCU319276]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (Bethesda, Md) [K24DK02643, K23DK081017-01] FX This project was supported under a cooperative agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Association of American Medical Colleges, grant U36/CCU319276 (Association of American Medical Colleges identification No. MM-0997-07/07). N. R. P. is partially supported by grant K24DK02643 and L. A. S. is partially supported by grant K23DK081017-01, both from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (Bethesda, Md). NR 35 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD JUL PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.129841 PG 10 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 459LF UT WOS:000267103000011 PM 19470881 ER PT J AU Caton, AR Bell, EM Druschel, CM Werler, MM Lin, AE Browne, ML McNutt, LA Romitti, PA Mitchell, AA Olney, RS Correa, A AF Caton, Alissa R. Bell, Erin M. Druschel, Charlotte M. Werler, Martha M. Lin, Angela E. Browne, Marilyn L. McNutt, Louise-Anne Romitti, Paul A. Mitchell, Allen A. Olney, Richard S. Correa, Adolfo CA Natl Birth Defects TI Antihypertensive Medication Use During Pregnancy and the Risk of Cardiovascular Malformations SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE hypertension; pregnancy; antihypertensive agents; congenital malformations; cardiovascular malformations ID CONVERTING ENZYME-INHIBITORS; BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; CALCIUM-CHANNEL BLOCKERS; HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; RECEPTOR-ANTAGONISTS; CHRONIC HYPERTENSION; TWIN PREGNANCIES; FETAL; EXPOSURE AB We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based, case-control study, to examine whether previously reported associations between antihypertensive medications and cardiovascular malformations could be confirmed and to explore whether new associations might be identified. Cases (n = 5021) were ascertained through birth defects surveillance systems from 1997 through 2003 in 10 US states. Controls (n = 4796) were live births without birth defects selected randomly from birth certificates or hospital discharge listings in the same geographic regions. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between antihypertensive medication treatment and the occurrence of cardiovascular malformations while controlling for confounding variables. First-trimester treatment with antihypertensive medication was associated with pulmonary valve stenosis (odds ratio [OR]: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3 to 5.4), Ebstein malformation (crude OR: 11.4; exact 95% CI: 2.8 to 34.1), coarctation of the aorta (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.3 to 6.6), and secundum atrial septal defects (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3 to 4.4). Treatment initiated after the first trimester was associated with pulmonary valve stenosis (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.4), perimembranous ventricular septal defects (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2 to 4.6), and secundum atrial septal defects (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3 to 4.4). Untreated hypertension was associated with Ebstein malformation (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.0 to 4.3) and secundum atrial septal defects (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.6). Antihypertensive medication use and/or the underlying hypertension might increase the risk of having an infant with specific left and right obstructive and septal defects. Additional studies with adequate power will be needed to confirm these findings. (Hypertension. 2009; 54: 63-70.) C1 [Caton, Alissa R.] New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Congenital Malformat Registry, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Caton, Alissa R.; Bell, Erin M.; Druschel, Charlotte M.; Browne, Marilyn L.; McNutt, Louise-Anne] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Rensselaer, NY USA. [Werler, Martha M.; Mitchell, Allen A.] Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Lin, Angela E.] MassGen Hosp Children, Genet Unit, Boston, MA USA. [Romitti, Paul A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. [Olney, Richard S.; Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Caton, AR (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Congenital Malformat Registry, 547 River St,Room 200, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM arc05@health.state.ny.us RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; OI Mitchell, Allen/0000-0003-0950-6799; Werler, Martha/0000-0003-3392-6814 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50CCU213244] FX This research was supported by a cooperative agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( grant U50CCU213244). NR 44 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD JUL PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.129098 PG 8 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 459LF UT WOS:000267103000013 PM 19433779 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Buskin, SE Torno, MS Talkington, DF Zhangg, M Jones, JL Butler, JC McNaghten, AD AF Dworkin, Mark S. Buskin, Susan E. Torno, Mauro S. Talkington, Deborah F. Zhangg, Ming Jones, Jeffrey L. Butler, Jay C. McNaghten, A. D. TI Could HIV-associated nephropathy be associated with Mycoplasma infection? SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; VIRUS-INFECTION; RENAL-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; FERMENTANS; PCR C1 [Dworkin, Mark S.; Jones, Jeffrey L.; McNaghten, A. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIVAIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dworkin, Mark S.] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL USA. [Dworkin, Mark S.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Buskin, Susan E.] Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. [Buskin, Susan E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Torno, Mauro S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Torno, Mauro S.] Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. [Talkington, Deborah F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Talkington, Deborah F.; Zhangg, Ming; Butler, Jay C.] CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zhangg, Ming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nutr Biomarkers Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Butler, Jay C.] Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIVAIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mdworkin@uic.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN COUNCIL MEDICAL RES PI NEW DELHI PA PO BOX 4911 ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110029, INDIA SN 0971-5916 J9 INDIAN J MED RES JI Indian J. Med. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 130 IS 1 BP 89 EP 92 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 488MR UT WOS:000269354400018 PM 19700809 ER PT J AU Holstrum, WJ Biernath, K Mckay, S Ross, DS AF Holstrum, W. June Biernath, Krista McKay, Sarah Ross, Danielle S. TI Mild and Unilateral Hearing Loss Implications for Early Intervention SO INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN LA English DT Article DE amplification; early hearing detection and intervention; early intervention; mild hearing loss; minimal hearing loss; unilateral hearing loss ID CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; IMPAIRMENT; PERFORMANCE; INFANTS; AGE; IDENTIFICATION; CHILDHOOD AB Newborn hearing screening has become a standard practice in most birthing hospitals in the (United States. Historically, the primary target for the identification of hearing loss has been infants with permanent bilateral loss of moderate degree or greater (ie, >40 dB). However, research indicates that without early identification and intervention, children with mild bilateral hearing loss or Unilateral hearing loss can have significant communication, academic, and behavioral difficulties (F. H. Bess, J. Dodd-Murphy, & R. A. Parker, 1998; R. Bovo et al., 1988). Communication between families and professionals is essential to develop intervention strategies that will optimize the outcome of such children. This article presents a brief review of the research and discusses issues related to mild bilateral hearing loss and unilateral hearing loss. Implications for early intervention services, including the importance of collaboration among professionals, are outlined. suggestions for intervention activities arc taken from professionals attending the 2005 National Workshop oil Mild and Unilateral Hearing Loss, the Joint Committee oil Infant Hearing (JCIH) 2007 position statement, and various early intervention Web sites. C1 [Holstrum, W. June] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Biernath, Krista; Ross, Danielle S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [McKay, Sarah] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Childhood Commun, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Holstrum, WJ (reprint author), 214 Parkside Rd, Lexington, SC 29072 USA. EM jholstrum@sc.rr.com NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0896-3746 J9 INFANT YOUNG CHILD JI Infants Young Child. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 22 IS 3 BP 177 EP 187 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 460DZ UT WOS:000267169600003 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, RK Nowalk, MP Lin, CJ Raymund, M Fox, DE Harper, JD Tanis, MD Willis, BC AF Zimmerman, Richard Kent Nowalk, Mary Patricia Lin, Chyongchiou J. Raymund, Mahlon Fox, Dwight E. Harper, Jay D. Tanis, Mark D. Willis, Bayo C. TI Factorial Design for Improving Influenza Vaccination Among Employees of a Large Health System SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARE WORKERS; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; IMMUNIZATION; RATES; PREVENTION; SETTINGS; UNIT AB OBJECTIVE. As healthcare personnel (HCP) influenza vaccination becomes a quality indicator for healthcare facilities, effective interventions are needed. This study was designed to test a factorial design to improve HCP vaccination rates. DESIGN. A before-after trial with education, publicity, and free and easily accessible influenza vaccines used a factorial design to determine the effect of mobile vaccination carts and incentives on vaccination rates of HCP, who were divided into groups on the basis of their level of patient contact (ie, business and/or administrative role, indirect patient contact, and direct patient contact). SETTING. Eleven acute care facilities in a large health system. PARTICIPANTS. More than 26,000 nonphysician employees. RESULTS. Influenza vaccination rates increased significantly in most facilities and increased system-wide from 32.4% to 39.6% (P <.001). In the baseline year, business unit employee vaccination rates were significantly higher than among HCP with patient contact; rates did not differ significantly across groups in the intervention year. In logistic regression that accounted for demographic characteristics, intervention year, and other factors, the use of incentives and/or mobile carts that provided access to vaccine at the work unit significantly increased the likelihood of vaccination among HCP with direct and indirect patient contact, compared with control sites. CONCLUSIONS. Interventions to improve vaccination rates are differentially effective among HCP with varying levels of patient contact. Mobile carts appear to remove access barriers, whereas incentives may motivate HCP to be vaccinated. Education and publicity may be sufficient for workers in business or administrative positions. Interventions tailored by worker type are likely to be most successful for improving HCP vaccination rates. C1 [Zimmerman, Richard Kent; Nowalk, Mary Patricia; Lin, Chyongchiou J.; Raymund, Mahlon; Fox, Dwight E.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Clin Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Lin, Chyongchiou J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Zimmerman, Richard Kent; Lin, Chyongchiou J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav & Community Hlth Sci, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Lin, Chyongchiou J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Harper, Jay D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Employee Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Willis, Bayo C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nowalk, MP (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Clin Epidemiol, 3518 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM tnowalk@pitt.edu OI Zimmerman, Richard/0000-0001-5941-6092 FU NCIRD CDC HHS [IP000064-02] NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 7 BP 691 EP 697 DI 10.1086/598343 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 456FG UT WOS:000266826600012 PM 19489716 ER PT J AU Kumin, IV Novella, IS Dietzgen, RG Padhi, A Rupprecht, CE AF Kumin, I. V. Novella, I. S. Dietzgen, R. G. Padhi, A. Rupprecht, C. E. TI The rhabdoviruses: Biodiversity, phylogenetics, and evolution SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Rhabdovirus; Phylogeny; Evolution; Lyssavirus; Ephemerovirus; Novirhabdovirus; Vesiculovirus; Nucleorhabdovirus; Cytorhabdovirus ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; BOVINE EPHEMERAL FEVER; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; G(NS)-L INTERGENIC REGION; EUROPEAN BAT LYSSAVIRUSES; RABIES VIRUS; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; RNA VIRUSES AB Rhabdoviruses (family Rhabdoviridae) include a diversity of important pathogens of animals and plants. They share morphology and genome organization. The understanding of rhabdovirus phylogeny, ecology and evolution has progressed greatly during the last 30 years, due to enhanced surveillance and improved methodologies of molecular characterization. Along with six established genera, several phylogenetic groups at different levels were described within the Rhabdoviridae. However, comparative relationships between viral phylogeny and taxonomy remains incomplete. with multiple representatives awaiting further genetic characterization. The same is true for rhabdovirus evolution. To date, rather simplistic molecular clock models only partially describe the evolutionary dynamics of postulated viral lineages. Ongoing progress in viral evolutionary and ecological investigations will provide the platform for future studies of this diverse family. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kumin, I. V.; Rupprecht, C. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Novella, I. S.] Univ Toledo, Coll Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. [Dietzgen, R. G.] Queensland Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Padhi, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kumin, IV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 17,MS G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ikuzmin@cdc.gov RI Dietzgen, Ralf/A-5565-2010 NR 160 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 541 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.02.005 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 458SW UT WOS:000267044800019 PM 19460320 ER PT J AU Azziz-Baumgartner, E Smith, N Gonzalez-Alvarez, R Daves, S Layton, M Linares, N Richardson-Smith, N Bresee, J Mounts, A AF Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo Smith, Nicole Gonzalez-Alvarez, Raquel Daves, Sharon Layton, Marcelle Linares, Nivaldo Richardson-Smith, Nicole Bresee, Joseph Mounts, Anthony TI National pandemic influenza preparedness planning SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Influenza; pandemic; plan; preparedness ID INTERVENTIONS; MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT; DISEASE; AGENTS; IMPACT AB P>The recent outbreaks of influenza A/H5N1 and 'swine influenza' A/H1N1 have caused global concern over the potential for a new influenza pandemic. Although it is impossible to predict when the next pandemic will occur, appropriate planning is still needed to maximize efficient use of resources and to minimize loss of life and productivity. Many tools now exist to assist countries in evaluating their plans but there is little to aid in writing of the plans. This study discusses the process of drafting a pandemic influenza preparedness plan for developing countries that conforms to the International Health Regulations of 2005 and recommendations of the World Health Organization. Stakeholders from many sectors should be involved in drafting a comprehensive pandemic influenza plan that addresses all levels of preparedness. C1 [Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo; Smith, Nicole; Gonzalez-Alvarez, Raquel; Bresee, Joseph; Mounts, Anthony] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, ICDDRB, Int Epidemiol & Response Team,Epidemiol & Surveil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Daves, Sharon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Extramural Program Off, Off Director, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Layton, Marcelle] Bur Communicable Dis, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Linares, Nivaldo] Reg Off Cent Amer & Panama CDC, Reg Influenza Program, Global Dis Detect Program, Panama City, FL USA. [Richardson-Smith, Nicole] McKing Consulting Corp, Off Director, Influenza Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Azziz-Baumgartner, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, ICDDRB, Int Epidemiol & Response Team,Epidemiol & Surveil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eha9@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD JUL PY 2009 VL 3 IS 4 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00091.x PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 467SH UT WOS:000267762200010 PM 19627377 ER PT J AU Richter, PA Bishop, EE Wang, JT Swahn, MH AF Richter, Patricia A. Bishop, Ellen E. Wang, Jiantong Swahn, Monica H. TI Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Levels of Urinary Metals in the US Youth and Adult Population: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE secondhand smoke (SHS); metals; youth; lead; cadmium; race/ethnicity; tobacco smoke; smoker; toxicity ID PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SECONDHAND SMOKE; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; CADMIUM; COTININE; LEAD; NONSMOKERS; CHILDREN; ELEMENTS AB We assessed 12 urine metals in tobacco smoke-exposed and not exposed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants. Our analysis included age, race/ethnicity, and poverty status. Gender and racial/ethnic differences in cadmium and lead and creatinine-adjusted and unadjusted data for group comparisons are presented. Smokers' had higher cadmium, lead, antimony, and barium levels than nonsmokers. Highest lead levels were in the youngest subjects. Lead levels among adults with high second-hand smoke exposure equaled smokers. Older smokers had cadmium levels signaling the potential for cadmium-related toxicity. Given the potential toxicity of metals, our findings complement existing research on exposure to chemicals in tobacco smoke. C1 [Richter, Patricia A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bishop, Ellen E.; Wang, Jiantong] RTI Int, Chron & Infect Dis Res Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Swahn, Monica H.] Georgia State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Sci, Inst Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. RP Richter, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM prichter@cdc.gov; ebishop@rti.org; wang@rti.org; Mswahn@gsu.edu FU CDC FX Dr. David Holiday with the Chronic & Infectious Disease Research Program of RTI International provided guidance and technical expertise in analytic aspects of this manuscript and Dr. Terry Pechacek with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provided input at the conceptualization stage of the project. All research was supported by internal funds of the CDC. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC. NR 47 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JUL PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1930 EP 1946 DI 10.3390/ijerph6071930 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 474XD UT WOS:000268317200001 PM 19742163 ER PT J AU Steinberg, M Leoutsakos, JMS Podewils, LJ Lyketsos, CG AF Steinberg, Martin Leoutsakos, Jeannie-Marie Sheppard Podewils, Laura Jean Lyketsos, C. G. TI Evaluation of a home-based exercise program in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: The Maximizing Independence in Dementia (MIND) study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; OLDER-ADULTS; ASSOCIATION; CARE; AD AB Objective To determine the feasibility and efficacy of a home-based exercise intervention program to improve the functional performance of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Methods Twenty-seven home-dwelling patients with AD were randomized to either an exercise intervention program delivered by their caregivers or a home safety assessment control. Measures of functional performance (primary), cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, quality of life and caregiver burden (secondary) were obtained at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks following randomization. For each outcome measure, intent-to-treat analyses using linear random effects models were performed. Feasibility and adverse events were also assessed. Results Adherence to the exercise program was good. On the primary outcomes (functional performance) patients in the exercise group demonstrated a trend for improved performance on measures of hand function and lower extremity strength. On secondary outcome measures, trends toward worse depression and lower quality of life ratings were noted. Conclusions The physical exercise intervention developed for the study, delivered by caregivers to home-dwelling patients with AD, was feasible and was associated with a trend for improved functional performance in this group of frail patients. Given the limited efficacy to date of pharmacotherapies for AD, further study of exercise intervention, in a variety of care setting, is warranted. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Steinberg, Martin; Leoutsakos, Jeannie-Marie Sheppard; Lyketsos, C. G.] Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Podewils, Laura Jean] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Steinberg, M (reprint author), 5300 Alpha Commons Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM martins@jhmi.edu FU Alzheimer's Association [IIRG012874] FX Supported by Alzheimer's Association grant IIRG012874 NR 25 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 37 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6230 J9 INT J GERIATR PSYCH JI Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 7 BP 680 EP 685 DI 10.1002/gps.2175 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 466BY UT WOS:000267636800004 PM 19089875 ER PT J AU Jittimanee, S Vorasingha, J Mad-asin, W Nateniyom, S Rienthong, S Varma, JK AF Jittimanee, Suksont Vorasingha, Jirawat Mad-asin, Wiriya Nateniyom, Sriprapa Rienthong, Somsak Varma, Jay K. TI Tuberculosis in Thailand: epidemiology and program performance, 2001-2005 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Tuberculosis; Mortality; Thailand; Surveillance; HIV/AIDS; DOTS ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV; PROSPECTS; STRATEGY AB Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a package of services branded 'DOTS' (directly observed treatment, short course) to help countries detect at least 70% of all infectious tuberculosis (TB) cases and cure 85% of detected cases. We analyzed the epidemiology of TB and the national TB program (NTP) performance for the first 5 years of DOTS implementation in Thailand. Methods: We reviewed data routinely collected through the NTP from 2001 to 2005 and data from special projects conducted by the NTP from 2001 to 2006. Results: In 2005, the TB notification rate was 94 per 100 000 persons. Using the WHO estimated incidence as the denominator, the case detection rate was 76% for smear-positive cases in 2005. From 2002 to 2005, the notification rate declined 2% for smear-positive cases. In 2005, 68% of smear-positive patients were successfully treated; from 2001 to 2005, treatment success never exceeded 75%. Separate surveys conducted from 2002 to 2006 found that 13-17% of TB cases were HIV-infected. The estimated prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB in new patients increased from 1% in 2002 to 1.7% in 2006. Conclusions: Since DOTS implementation, Thailand has exceeded the international TB case detection target, but has remained well below the treatment success target. The large discrepancy between case finding and treatment success rates indicates that actions are urgently needed to reduce TB morbidity and prevent drug-resistant TB. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. C1 [Jittimanee, Suksont; Vorasingha, Jirawat; Mad-asin, Wiriya; Nateniyom, Sriprapa; Rienthong, Somsak] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Varma, Jay K.] Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Varma, JK (reprint author), CDC, US Embassy Beijing 3, Xiu Shui Bei Jie Beijing 100600, Peoples R China. EM jvarma@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 13 IS 4 BP 436 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.07.025 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 469EL UT WOS:000267878400009 PM 19013094 ER PT J AU Vitek, E Gusseinova, N Laricheva, N Vasiliev, S Molotilov, V Sofronova, R Kazionny, B Cegielski, P Nguyen, ML Nelson, L Agerton, T Wells, C AF Vitek, E. Gusseinova, N. Laricheva, N. Vasiliev, S. Molotilov, V. Sofronova, R. Kazionny, B. Cegielski, P. Nguyen, M. L. Nelson, L. Agerton, T. Wells, C. TI Factors associated with positive tuberculin skin test results among HIV-infected persons in Orel Oblast, Russia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE HIV; tuberculin skin test; latent tuberculosis infection ID INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; ANERGY; PREVALENCE; REACTIVITY; EPIDEMIC; THERAPY; BURDEN; ADULTS AB BACKGROUND: The treatment of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (PLWHAs) for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) reduces tuberculosis (TB) morbidity. Despite a high TB burden and an expanding human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, Russia had limited data on the utility of the tuberculin skin test (TST) for LTBI diagnosis in PLWHAs. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and predictors of positive TSTs in PLWHAs in Orel Oblast. METHODS: A total of 150 consenting PLWHAs being followed up at the AIDS Center were administered a TST and a questionnaire for risk factors for LTBI. A positive TST result was defined as >= 5 mm induration. RESULTS: Of the 150 subjects, 67% were male and 74% were aged < 30 years. Of the PLWHAs tested, 26% had a positive TST result, while among PLWHAs with CD4+ > 500 cells/ml, 36% were TST-positive. TST positivity varied inversely with CD4+ cell count. Among PLWHAs with a history of injection drug use, the primary risk factor for HIV, 29 (31.9%) were positive. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of tested PLWHAs had a positive TST and could benefit from preventive therapy (PT) to reduce the risk of TB. A TB control programme in Russia should therefore include TST screening among PLWHAs and PT, besides active TB case finding and treatment. C1 [Vitek, E.; Cegielski, P.; Nelson, L.; Agerton, T.; Wells, C.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vitek, E.; Gusseinova, N.] US Civilian Res Dev Fdn, Moscow, Russia. [Laricheva, N.; Vasiliev, S.; Molotilov, V.; Sofronova, R.; Kazionny, B.] TB Dispensary & Minist Hlth, Orel Ctr Prevent AIDS & Infect Dis, Oryol, Russia. [Nguyen, M. L.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. EM erika.vitek@gmail.com NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 13 IS 7 BP 829 EP 835 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 459GB UT WOS:000267088300007 PM 19555531 ER PT J AU Chengsorn, N Bloss, E Anekvorapong, R Anuwatnonthakate, A Wattanaamornkiat, W Komsakorn, S Moolphate, S Limsomboon, P Kaewsa-ard, S Nateniyom, S Kanphukiew, A Varma, JK AF Chengsorn, N. Bloss, E. Anekvorapong, R. Anuwatnonthakate, A. Wattanaamornkiat, W. Komsakorn, S. Moolphate, S. Limsomboon, P. Kaewsa-ard, S. Nateniyom, S. Kanphukiew, A. Varma, J. K. TI Tuberculosis services and treatment outcomes in private and public health care facilities in Thailand, 2004-2006 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; private sector; directly observed therapy; Thailand; default ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MIX PROJECT; IMPACT; TB AB BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends that national tuberculosis (TB) programs encourage public and private providers to follow the 'International standards for tuberculosis care'. We assessed services and treatment outcomes in TB patients in public and private facilities to inform public-private mix scale-up in Thailand. METHODS: We prospectively collected data on TB patients in four provinces and the national infectious diseases hospital during 2004-2006. We analyzed services and outcomes among new pulmonary TB patients according to facility type. RESULTS: Of 7526 patients, 4539 (60%) were treated in small public facilities, 2275 (30%) in large public facilities and 712 (10%) in private facilities. Compared with the private sector, more public sector patients had at least two sputum smears examined, were prescribed a standard anti-tuberculosis regimen and received directly observed therapy; however, public sector facilities also performed suboptimally. Treatment outcomes were unsuccessful for 237 (33%) patients in private facilities, and for respectively 1018 (23%) and 655 (29%) patients in small and large public facilities. CONCLUSIONS: TB diagnostic and treatment services and outcomes should be enhanced in both public and private facilities in Thailand. Initiatives are needed to improve treatment outcomes and increase the use of microscopy, standardized TB regimens, and directly observed therapy in the public and private sectors. C1 [Bloss, E.] CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chengsorn, N.; Anekvorapong, R.] Bangkok Metropolitan Hlth Adm, Dept Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Anuwatnonthakate, A.; Kanphukiew, A.; Varma, J. K.] US CDC Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Wattanaamornkiat, W.] Off Dis Prevent & Control 7, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. [Komsakorn, S.] Chiang Rai Prov Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. [Moolphate, S.] Res Inst TB, Tokyo, Japan. [Limsomboon, P.] Phuket Prov Publ Hlth Off, Phuket, Thailand. [Kaewsa-ard, S.] Bamrasnaradura Infect Dis Inst, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Bloss, E (reprint author), CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dpu2@cdc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; United States Agency for International Development (USAID) FX This project was Supported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Some authors from this publication are employed by the CDC. USAID was not involved in the design, analysis or writing of this Manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 13 IS 7 BP 888 EP 894 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 459GB UT WOS:000267088300016 PM 19555540 ER PT J AU Fonseca, V Davis, M Wing, R Kriner, P Lopez, K Blair, PJ Faix, D Goldbaum, G Bruce, H Nelson, M Marfin, AA Jamieson, DJ MacFarlane, K Rasmussen, SA Honein, MA Finelli, L Uyeki, T Gross, D Fiore, A Olsen, SJ Swerdlow, DL Barzilay, EJ Menon, M O'Reilly, CE Dharan, N Patel, MK AF Fonseca, V. Davis, M. Wing, R. Kriner, P. Lopez, K. Blair, P. J. Faix, D. Goldbaum, G. Bruce, H. Nelson, M. Marfin, A. A. Jamieson, D. J. MacFarlane, K. Rasmussen, S. A. Honein, M. A. Finelli, L. Uyeki, T. Gross, D. Fiore, A. Olsen, S. J. Swerdlow, D. L. Barzilay, E. J. Menon, M. O'Reilly, C. E. Dharan, N. Patel, M. K. TI Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infections in Three Pregnant Women-United States, April-May 2009 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 497-500, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Blair, P. J.; Faix, D.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Dharan, N.; Patel, M. K.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 302 IS 1 BP 23 EP 25 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 464GH UT WOS:000267492800005 ER PT J AU Bang, KM Mazurek, JM Storey, E Attfield, MD Schleiff, PL Wood, JM Wassell, JT AF Bang, K. M. Mazurek, J. M. Storey, E. Attfield, M. D. Schleiff, P. L. Wood, J. M. Wassell, J. T. TI Malignant Mesothelioma Mortality-United States, 1999-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 393-396, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Bang, K. M.; Mazurek, J. M.; Storey, E.; Attfield, M. D.; Schleiff, P. L.; Wood, J. M.] NIOSH, CDC, Div Resp Dis Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wassell, J. T.] NIOSH, CDC, Div Safety Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bang, KM (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Div Resp Dis Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 302 IS 1 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 464GH UT WOS:000267492800006 ER PT J AU Lee, LM Gostin, LO AF Lee, Lisa M. Gostin, Lawrence O. TI Ethical Collection, Storage, and Use of Public Health Data A Proposal for a National Privacy Protection SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFORMATION C1 [Gostin, Lawrence O.] Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law, ONeill Inst Natl & Global Hlth Law, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Lee, Lisa M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gostin, LO (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law, ONeill Inst Natl & Global Hlth Law, 600 New Jersey Ave NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM gostin@law.georgetown.edu NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 302 IS 1 BP 82 EP 84 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 464GH UT WOS:000267492800026 PM 19567443 ER PT J AU Shrier, LA Schillinger, JA Aneja, P Rice, PA Batteiger, BE Braslins, PG Orr, DP Fortenberry, JD AF Shrier, Lydia A. Schillinger, Julia A. Aneja, Parul Rice, Peter A. Batteiger, Byron E. Braslins, Phillip G. Orr, Donald P. Fortenberry, J. Dennis TI Depressive Symptoms and Sexual Risk Behavior in Young, Chlamydia-Infected, Heterosexual Dyads SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Depressive symptoms; Unsafe sex; Sexual partners; Dyad ID ADOLESCENT FEMALES; SUBSTANCE USE; TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; SELF-ESTEEM; DRUG-USE; ASSOCIATIONS; PARTNERS; WOMEN; MOOD; DISORDERS AB Purpose: To examine associations between depressive symptoms and dyad-level sexual risk behavior in young heterosexual dyads with sexually transmitted infection (STI). Methods: Chlamydia-positive 14-24-year-old, heterosexually active outpatients and their opposite-sex partners completed an assessment that included demographics, past and recent STI risk behaviors, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Participants in the top 25% of BDI scores within gender were categorized as depressed. Variables were created to identify dyads in which the female or male partner was depressed, as well as a measure of concordance of depression between partners. Dyad-level STI risk variables were created from the STI risk characteristics reported by each dyad member, and associations between these and the depression variables were analyzed. Results: The 130 dyads were comprised of young men and women at high STI risk. One-third of dyads had at least one depressed partner. Dyads in which the female partner was depressed had greater partner age difference, greater total number of lifetime partners, and one or more partners reporting substance use within 2 hours before sex, compared with dyads in which the female partner was not depressed. Dyads in which the male partner was depressed were more likely than the nondepressed-male dyads to report substance use before sex. All dyads in which both partners were depressed reported substance use before sex. Conclusions: In young, chlamydia-infected, heterosexual dyads, depressive symptoms, especially in women, is related to increased dyad-level STI risk, including greater partner age difference, more partners, and substance use before sex. (c) 2009 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Shrier, Lydia A.] Childrens Hosp, Div Adolescent Young Adult Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Shrier, Lydia A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Schillinger, Julia A.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, New York, NY USA. [Schillinger, Julia A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Aneja, Parul] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Inst Hlth Policy, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Rice, Peter A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA USA. [Batteiger, Byron E.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Batteiger, Byron E.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Batteiger, Byron E.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Braslins, Phillip G.] Univ Queensland, Sch Med, Rural Clin Div, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Orr, Donald P.; Fortenberry, J. Dennis] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Riley Childrens Hosp, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Shrier, LA (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Div Adolescent Young Adult Med, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM lydia.shrier@childrens.harvard.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [UR3/CCU116484, UR3/CCU 516481]; National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health [K23 MH01845-0]; Aerosmith Endowment Fund for Prevention and Treatment of AIDS and HIV Infections FX This study was funded by grants UR3/CCU116484 (Rice) and UR3/CCU 516481 (Batteiger) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, grant K23 MH01845-0 (Shrier) from the National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, and a grant (Shrier) from the Aerosmith Endowment Fund for Prevention and Treatment of AIDS and HIV Infections. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUL PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.11.016 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 468JQ UT WOS:000267814200011 PM 19541251 ER PT J AU Kissin, DM Anderson, JE Kraft, JM Warner, L Jamieson, DJ AF Kissin, Dmitry M. Anderson, John E. Kraft, Joan Marie Warner, Lee Jamieson, Denise J. TI Measurement Problems in Assessing Trends in Unwanted Fertility Reply SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID PREGNANCY C1 [Kissin, Dmitry M.; Anderson, John E.; Kraft, Joan Marie; Warner, Lee; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kissin, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUL PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 105 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.04.016 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 468JQ UT WOS:000267814200020 ER PT J AU Sosa, LE Gupta, S Juthani-Mehta, M Hadler, JL AF Sosa, Lynn E. Gupta, Shaili Juthani-Mehta, Manisha Hadler, James L. TI Meningitis in a College Student in Connecticut, 2007 SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE health education; lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; meningitis ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; INNER-CITY; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB The authors describe a case of aseptic meningitis in a college student that was ultimately attributed to infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). The authors also provide a review of LCMV infection, epidemiology, and public health implications. Providers should be aware of LCMV as a cause of meningitis in college students, especially those with a history of rodent exposure. C1 [Sosa, Lynn E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sosa, Lynn E.; Hadler, James L.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Gupta, Shaili; Juthani-Mehta, Manisha] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Sosa, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0744-8481 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 58 IS 1 BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 472HO UT WOS:000268121400002 PM 19592348 ER PT J AU Stapp, P Salkeld, DJ Franklin, HA Kraft, JP Tripp, DW Antolin, MF Gage, KL AF Stapp, Paul Salkeld, Daniel J. Franklin, Heather A. Kraft, John P. Tripp, Daniel W. Antolin, Michael F. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Evidence for the involvement of an alternate rodent host in the dynamics of introduced plague in prairie dogs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecology of vector-borne diseases; epizootic-enzootic cycles; host-parasite relationships; invasive diseases; multi-host pathogens ID MOUSE ONYCHOMYS-LEUCOGASTER; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; YERSINIA-PESTIS; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; GRASSHOPPER MICE; NEW-MEXICO; FLEAS; DISEASE; METAPOPULATIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The introduction of plague to North America is a significant threat to colonies of prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), a species of conservation concern in the Great Plains. Other small rodents are exposed to the causative agent, Yersinia pestis, during or after epizootics; yet, its effect on these rodents is not known, and their role in transmitting and maintaining plague in the absence of prairie dogs remains unclear. We live-trapped small rodents and collected their fleas on 11 colonies before, during and after plague epizootics in Colorado, USA, from 2004 to 2006. Molecular genetic (polymerase chain reaction) assays were used to identify Y. pestis in fleas. Abundance of northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) was low on sites following epizootics in 2004, and declined markedly following plague onset on other colonies in 2005. These changes coincided with exposure of grasshopper mice to plague, and with periods when mice became infested with large numbers of prairie dog fleas (Oropsylla hirsuta), including some that were infected with Y. pestis. Additionally, several Pleochaetis exilis, fleas restricted to grasshopper mice and never found on prairie dogs on our site, were polymerase chain reaction-positive for Y. pestis, indicating that grasshopper mice can infect their own fleas. No changes in abundance of other rodent species could be attributed to plague, and no other rodents hosted O. hirsuta during epizootics, or harboured Y. pestis-infected fleas. In spring 2004, grasshopper mice were most numerous in colonies that suffered plague the following year, and the pattern of colony extinctions over a 12-year period mirrored patterns of grasshopper mouse abundance in our study area, suggesting that colonies with high densities of grasshopper mice may be more susceptible to outbreaks. We speculate that grasshopper mice help spread Y. pestis during epizootics through their ability to survive infection, harbour prairie dog fleas and, during their wide-ranging movements, transport infected fleas among burrows, which functionally connects prairie dog coteries that would otherwise be socially distinct. C1 [Stapp, Paul; Salkeld, Daniel J.; Franklin, Heather A.; Kraft, John P.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Salkeld, Daniel J.] IUCN World Conservat Union, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Tripp, Daniel W.; Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Stapp, P (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. EM pstapp@fullerton.edu FU National Science Foundation [EID-0327052]; Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research project [DEB-0217631]; Department of Biological Science at California State University, Fullerton FX Our research was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation (EID-0327052) to M. Antolin, K. Gage, P. Stapp and C. Webb. Additional support was provided by the Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research project (DEB-0217631) and the Department of Biological Science at California State University, Fullerton. We thank D. Kite, J. Holm, C. Cannon, A. Benson, H. Houghton, C. Knox, C. Wermager, E. Humphrey, and M. Lindquist for their assistance. B. Flynn prepared the map of our study area. Comments from two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 78 IS 4 BP 807 EP 817 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01541.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 454UF UT WOS:000266707500013 PM 19302321 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG McNulty, A Jennings, C Huang, D Heneine, W Bremer, JW AF Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo McNulty, Amanda Jennings, Cheryl Huang, Diana Heneine, Walid Bremer, James W. TI Rapid decline in the efficiency of HIV drug resistance genotyping from dried blood spots (DBS) and dried plasma spots (DPS) stored at 37 degrees C and high humidity SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE drug resistance surveillance; 903 filter paper; RNA stability; DBS storage ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SURVEILLANCE; WORLD; STRATEGY; AFRICA AB Objectives: Dried blood spots (DBS) and dried plasma spots (DPS) are considered convenient alternatives to serum and plasma for HIV drug resistance testing in resource-limited settings. We sought to investigate how extreme conditions could affect the short-term ability to amplify and genotype HIV from DBS. Methods: A panel of six matched DPS/DBS was generated using blood collected from HIV-infected donors. Replicate cards were prepared in 903 filter paper using 50 mu L of blood and stored at either -20 degrees C or at 37 degrees C/100% humidity. Nucleic acids were extracted at baseline and after 1, 2, 8 and 16 weeks of storage and were amplified and sequenced using an in-house RT-nested PCR method or the ViroSeq assay. Results: HIV-1 pol was successfully amplified in all DBS/DPS at baseline and in those stored for up to 16 weeks at -20 degrees C by the in-house assay. In contrast, amplification was rapidly lost during storage at 37 degrees C/100% humidity with only 6/6 and 4/6 DBS specimens amplifiable by the in-house assay at weeks 1 and 2, respectively. Similarly, only two DPS stored at 37 degrees C/100% humidity were amplified by the in-house assay at week 1. Conclusions: We show that resistance testing from DBS and DPS is severely compromised after 2 and 1 weeks of storage at 37 degrees C/100% humidity with desiccant, respectively. These findings underscore the importance of temperature and humidity for the efficient genotyping of HIV-1 from DBS and DPS, and reiterate the need to rapidly transport specimens from collection sites to locations that have appropriate storage conditions such as -20 degrees C. C1 [Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo; McNulty, Amanda; Heneine, Walid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jennings, Cheryl; Huang, Diana; Bremer, James W.] Rush Med Coll, Dept Immunol Microbiol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Garcia-Lerma, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GGarcia-Lerma@cdc.gov FU NIAID [HHSN266200500044C/NO1-AI-50044] FX Work at the CDC was done with intramural funding. Work at Rush Medical College was supported by NIAID contract HHSN266200500044C/NO1-AI-50044. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 64 IS 1 BP 33 EP 36 DI 10.1093/jac/dkp150 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 457VJ UT WOS:000266962100006 PM 19403653 ER PT J AU Wiggins, LD Robins, DL Bakeman, R Adamson, LB AF Wiggins, Lisa D. Robins, Diana L. Bakeman, Roger Adamson, Lauren B. TI Breif Report: Sensory Abnormalities as Distinguishing Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Young Children SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Sensory abnormalities; Sensory profile ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TODDLERS; INTERVENTION; MODULATION; BEHAVIORS; PROFILE; MOTOR AB The purpose of this study was to explore the sensory profile of young children with ASD compared to young children with other developmental delays (DD) at first ASD assessment. Results found that young children with ASD had more tactile and taste/smell sensitivities and difficulties with auditory filtering than young children with other DD. Moreover, sensory scores were significantly correlated with stereotyped interests and behaviors. These findings support the hypotheses that young children with ASD show more sensory impairments than young children with other DD and that sensory symptoms are significantly related to stereotyped interests and behaviors. Results also suggest that sensory abnormalities are distinguishing symptoms of ASD that should be considered in diagnostic algorithms for younger cohorts. C1 [Wiggins, Lisa D.] NCBDDD, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wiggins, Lisa D.; Robins, Diana L.; Bakeman, Roger; Adamson, Lauren B.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Wiggins, LD (reprint author), NCBDDD, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lwiggins@cdc.gov RI Robins, Diana/D-9959-2011 NR 25 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 8 U2 21 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1087 EP 1091 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0711-x PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 457EM UT WOS:000266911300014 PM 19283461 ER PT J AU Swenson, JM Anderson, KF Lonsway, DR Thompson, A McAllister, SK Limbago, BM Carey, RB Tenover, FC Patel, JB AF Swenson, Jana M. Anderson, Karen F. Lonsway, David R. Thompson, Angela McAllister, Sigrid K. Limbago, Brandi M. Carey, Roberta B. Tenover, Fred C. Patel, Jean B. TI Accuracy of Commercial and Reference Susceptibility Testing Methods for Detecting Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOPEPTIDES; DAPTOMYCIN; STRAINS AB We compared the results obtained with six commercial MIC test systems (Etest, MicroScan, Phoenix, Sensititre, Vitek Legacy, and Vitek 2 systems) and three reference methods (agar dilution, disk diffusion, and vancomycin [VA] agar screen [VScr]) with the results obtained by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution (BMD) reference method for the detection of VA-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). A total of 129 S. aureus isolates (VA MICs by previous BMD tests, <= 1 mu g/ml [n = 60 strains], 2 mu g/ml [n = 24], 4 mu g/ml [n = 36], or 8 mu g/ml [n = 9]) were selected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention strain collection. The results of BMD with Difco Mueller-Hinton broth were used as the standard for data analysis. Essential agreement (percent +/- 1 dilution) ranged from 98 to 100% for all methods except the method with the Vitek Legacy system, for which it was 90.6%. Of the six commercial MIC systems tested, the Sensititre, Vitek Legacy, and Vitek 2 systems tended to categorize VISA strains as susceptible (i.e., they undercalled resistance); the MicroScan and Phoenix systems and Etest tended to categorize susceptible strains as VISA; and the Vitek Legacy system tended to categorize VISA strains as resistant (i.e., it overcalled resistance). Disk diffusion categorized all VISA strains as susceptible. No susceptible strains (MICs <= 2 mu g/ml) grew on the VScr, but all strains for which the VA MICs were 8 mu g/ml grew on the VScr. Only 12 (33.3%) strains for which the VA MICs were 4 mu g/ml grew on VScr. The differentiation of isolates for which the VA MICs were 2 or 4 mu g/ml was difficult for most systems and methods, including the reference methods. C1 [Swenson, Jana M.; Anderson, Karen F.; Lonsway, David R.; Thompson, Angela; McAllister, Sigrid K.; Limbago, Brandi M.; Carey, Roberta B.; Tenover, Fred C.; Patel, Jean B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Clin & Environm Microbiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swenson, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Clin & Environm Microbiol Branch, Mailstop G08,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jswenson@cdc.gov FU U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 10 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 BP 2013 EP 2017 DI 10.1128/JCM.00221-09 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 467CC UT WOS:000267713000004 PM 19420170 ER PT J AU Johnston, SP Sriram, R Qvarnstrom, Y Roy, S Verani, J Yoder, J Lorick, S Roberts, J Beach, MJ Visvesvara, G AF Johnston, Stephanie P. Sriram, Rama Qvarnstrom, Yvonne Roy, Sharon Verani, Jennifer Yoder, Jonathan Lorick, Suchita Roberts, Jacquelin Beach, Michael J. Visvesvara, Govinda TI Resistance of Acanthamoeba Cysts to Disinfection in Multiple Contact Lens Solutions SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; TIME PCR ASSAY; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI; KERATITIS; EFFICACY; CASTELLANII; POLYPHAGA; HUMANS; AGENTS AB Acanthamoebae are free-living amoebae found in the environment, including soil, freshwater, brackish water, seawater, hot tubs, and Jacuzzis. Acanthamoeba species can cause keratitis, a painful vision-threatening infection of the cornea, and fatal granulomatous encephalitis in humans. More than 20 species of Acanthamoeba belonging to morphological groups I, II, and III distributed in 15 genotypes have been described. Among these, Acanthamoeba castellanii, A. polyphaga, and A. hatchetti are frequently identified as causing Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). Improper contact lens care and contact with nonsterile water while wearing contact lenses are known risk factors for AK. During a recent multistate outbreak, AK was found to be associated with the use of Advanced Medical Optics Complete MoisturePlus multipurpose contact lens solution, which was hypothesized to have had insufficient anti-Acanthamoeba activity. As part of the investigation of that outbreak, we compared the efficacies of 11 different contact lens solutions against cysts of A. castellanii, A. polyphaga, and A. hatchetti (the isolates of all species were genotype T4), which were isolated in 2007 from specimens obtained during the outbreak investigation. The data, generated with A. castellanii, A. polyphaga, and A. hatchetti cysts, suggest that the two contact lens solutions containing hydrogen peroxide were the only solutions that showed any disinfection ability, with 0% and 66% growth, respectively, being detected with A. castellanii and 0% and 33% growth, respectively, being detected with A. polyphaga. There was no statistically significant difference in disinfection efficacy between the 11 solutions for A. hatchetti. C1 [Johnston, Stephanie P.; Sriram, Rama; Qvarnstrom, Yvonne; Roy, Sharon; Verani, Jennifer; Yoder, Jonathan; Roberts, Jacquelin; Beach, Michael J.; Visvesvara, Govinda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lorick, Suchita] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Immunizat Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lorick, Suchita] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Johnston, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sjohnston@cdc.gov FU U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FX The use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Public Health Service or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NR 45 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 BP 2040 EP 2045 DI 10.1128/JCM.00575-09 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 467CC UT WOS:000267713000008 PM 19403771 ER PT J AU Ahmad, Y Gertz, RE Li, ZY Sakota, V Broyles, LN Van Beneden, C Facklam, R Shewmaker, PL Reingold, A Farley, MM Beall, BW AF Ahmad, Yusra Gertz, Robert E., Jr. Li, Zhongya Sakota, Varja Broyles, Laura N. Van Beneden, Chris Facklam, Richard Shewmaker, P. Lynn Reingold, Arthur Farley, Monica M. Beall, Bernard W. TI Genetic Relationships Deduced from emm and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp equisimilis and S-canis Recovered from Isolates Collected in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; GROUP-C; OPACITY-FACTOR; TOXIC-SHOCK; PYOGENES; INFECTIONS; HUMANS; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BACTEREMIA AB Beta-hemolytic group C and G streptococci cause a considerable invasive disease burden and sometimes cause disease outbreaks. Little is known about the critical epidemiologic parameter of genetic relatedness between isolates. We determined the emm types of 334 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates, and attempted emm typing of 5 Streptococcus canis isolates from a recent population-based surveillance for invasive isolates. Thirty-four emm types were observed, including one from S. canis. We formulated multilocus sequence typing (MLST) primers with six of the seven loci corresponding to the Streptococcus pyogenes MLST scheme. We performed MLST with 65 of the 334 surveillance isolates (61 S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates, 4 S. canis isolates) to represent each emm type identified, including 2 to 3 isolates for each of the 25 redundantly represented emm types. Forty-one MLST sequence types (STs) were observed. Isolates within 16 redundantly represented S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis emm types shared identical or nearly identical STs, demonstrating concordance between the emm type and genetic relatedness. However, seven STs were each represented by two to four different emm types, and 7 of the 10 S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis eBURST groups represented up to six different emm types. Thus, S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates were similar to S. pyogenes isolates, in that strains of the same emm type were often highly related, but they differed from S. pyogenes, in that S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strains with identical or closely similar STs often exhibited multiple unrelated emm types. The phylogenetic relationships between S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and S. pyogenes alleles revealed a history of interspecies recombination, with either species often serving as genetic donors. The four S. canis isolates shared highly homologous alleles but were unrelated clones without evidence of past recombination with S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis or S. pyogenes. C1 [Ahmad, Yusra; Gertz, Robert E., Jr.; Li, Zhongya; Sakota, Varja; Van Beneden, Chris; Facklam, Richard; Shewmaker, P. Lynn; Beall, Bernard W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Broyles, Laura N.; Farley, Monica M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Reingold, Arthur] Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. [Reingold, Arthur] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beall, BW (reprint author), CDC, Streptococcus Lab, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-C02, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM beb0@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 BP 2046 EP 2054 DI 10.1128/JCM.00246-09 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 467CC UT WOS:000267713000009 PM 19386831 ER PT J AU Staab, JF Balajee, SA Marr, KA AF Staab, Janet F. Balajee, S. Arunmozhi Marr, Kieren A. TI Aspergillus Section Fumigati Typing by PCR-Restriction Fragment Polymorphism SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-BASED IDENTIFICATION; NEOSARTORYA-PSEUDOFISCHERI; DNA-SEQUENCES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TAXONOMY AB Recent studies have shown that there are multiple clinically important members of the Aspergillus section Fumigati that are difficult to distinguish on the basis of morphological features (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus, A. lentulus, and Neosartorya udagawae). Identification of these organisms may be clinically important, as some species vary in their susceptibilities to antifungal agents. In a prior study, we utilized multilocus sequence typing to describe A. lentulus as a species distinct from A. fumigatus. The sequence data show that the gene encoding beta-tubulin, benA, has high interspecies variability at intronic regions but is conserved among isolates of the same species. These data were used to develop a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method that rapidly and accurately distinguishes A. fumigatus, A. lentulus, and N. udagawae, three major species within the section Fumigati that have previously been implicated in disease. Digestion of the benA amplicon with BccI generated unique banding patterns; the results were validated by screening a collection of clinical strains and by in silico analysis of the benA sequences of Aspergillus spp. deposited in the GenBank database. PCR-RFLP of benA is a simple method for the identification of clinically important, similar morphotypes of Aspergillus spp. within the section Fumigati. C1 [Staab, Janet F.; Marr, Kieren A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Balajee, S. Arunmozhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Marr, KA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, 720 Rutland Ave,Ross 1064, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM kmarr4@jhmi.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R21 AI067971] FX This study was supported by a National Institutes of Health grant (R21 AI067971) to K. A. M. We thank Leon W. Razai for technical assistance. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 BP 2079 EP 2083 DI 10.1128/JCM.00551-09 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 467CC UT WOS:000267713000013 PM 19403766 ER PT J AU Tiller, RV De, BK Boshra, M Huynh, LY Van Ert, MN Wagner, DM Klena, J Mohsen, TS El-Shafie, SS Keim, P Hoffmaster, AR Wilkins, PP Pimentel, G AF Tiller, Rebekah V. De, Barun K. Boshra, Marie Huynh, Lynn Y. Van Ert, Matthew N. Wagner, David M. Klena, John Mohsen, T. S. El-Shafie, S. S. Keim, Paul Hoffmaster, Alex R. Wilkins, Patricia P. Pimentel, Guillermo TI Comparison of Two Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis Methods for Molecular Strain Typing of Human Brucella melitensis Isolates from the Middle East SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; GENOME SEQUENCE; ABORTUS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS; SUIS; DIFFERENTIATION; SURVEILLANCE; RESTRICTION AB Brucella species are highly monomorphic, with minimal genetic variation among species, hindering the development of reliable subtyping tools for epidemiologic and phylogenetic analyses. Our objective was to compare two distinct multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) subtyping methods on a collection of 101 Brucella melitensis isolates from sporadic human cases of brucellosis in Egypt (n = 83), Qatar (n = 17), and Libya (n = 1). A gel-based MLVA technique, MLVA-15(IGM), was compared to an automated capillary electrophoresis-based method, MLVA-15(NAU), with each MLVA scheme examining a unique set of variable-number tandem repeats. Both the MLVA(IGM) and MLVA(NAU) methods were highly discriminatory, resolving 99 and 101 distinct genotypes, respectively, and were able to largely separate genotypes from Egypt and Qatar. The MLVA-15(NAU) scheme presented higher strain-to-strain diversity in our test population than that observed with the MLVA-15(IGM) assay. Both schemes were able to genetically correlate some strains originating from the same hospital or region within a country. In addition to comparing the genotyping abilities of these two schemes, we also compared the usability, limitations, and advantages of the two MLVA systems and their applications in the epidemiological genotyping of human B. melitensis strains. C1 [Tiller, Rebekah V.; De, Barun K.; Hoffmaster, Alex R.; Wilkins, Patricia P.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Boshra, Marie; Klena, John; Pimentel, Guillermo] US Naval Med Res Unit 3 NAMRU 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Huynh, Lynn Y.; Van Ert, Matthew N.; Wagner, David M.; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Mohsen, T. S.; El-Shafie, S. S.] Hamad Med Corp, Doha, Qatar. RP Tiller, RV (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-G34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RVaughnTiller@cdc.gov RI Wagner, David/A-5125-2010; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 FU [84770525-GB-3906] FX The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private opinions and assertions of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the U. S. Navy Department. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 BP 2226 EP 2231 DI 10.1128/JCM.02362-08 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 467CC UT WOS:000267713000034 PM 19439543 ER PT J AU Pimenta, FC Gertz, RE Roundtree, A Yu, JG Nahm, MH McDonald, RR Carvalho, MD Beall, BW AF Pimenta, Fabiana C. Gertz, Robert E., Jr. Roundtree, Alexis Yu, Jigui Nahm, Moon H. McDonald, Ryan R. Carvalho, Maria da Gloria Beall, Bernard W. TI Rarely Occurring 19A-Like cps Locus from a Serotype 19F Pneumococcal Isolate Indicates Continued Need of Serology-Based Quality Control for PCR-Based Serotype Determinations SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID SEQUENTIAL MULTIPLEX PCR; DETERMINING CAPSULAR SEROTYPES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; BIOSYNTHETIC LOCI; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; CHILDREN; ASSAY C1 [Pimenta, Fabiana C.; Gertz, Robert E., Jr.; Roundtree, Alexis; Carvalho, Maria da Gloria; Beall, Bernard W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yu, Jigui; Nahm, Moon H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [McDonald, Ryan R.] Saskatchewan Hlth, Prov Lab, Saskatchewan Dis Control Lab, Regina, SK S4S 5W6, Canada. RP Pimenta, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbeall@cdc.gov OI Nahm, Moon/0000-0002-6922-1042 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-30021, N01AI30021] NR 11 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 BP 2353 EP 2354 DI 10.1128/JCM.00704-09 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 467CC UT WOS:000267713000066 PM 19439547 ER PT J AU Kalis, MA Miller, MD Wilson, RJ AF Kalis, Martin A. Miller, Mark D. Wilson, Rachel J. TI Public Health and Drought SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kalis, Martin A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kalis, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mkalis@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 72 IS 1 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 471WP UT WOS:000268089300002 PM 19681382 ER PT J AU Wen, XJ Balluz, LS Shire, JD Mokdad, AH Kohl, HW AF Wen, Xiao-Jun Balluz, Lina S. Shire, Jeffrey D. Mokdad, Ali H. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Association of Self-Reported Leisure-Time Physical Inactivity with Particulate Matter 2.5 Air Pollution SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; DETERMINANTS; PREVENTION; ADULTS AB This study examines the association between annual levels of particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and self-reported leisure-time physical inactivity (LTPI) in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) among 63,290 survey respondents who participated in the 2001 BRFSS from 142 counties in the U.S. The average prevalence of self-reported LTPI was about 24.9% (SE = 0.3%). LTPI prevalence was positively associated with annual mean of PM(2.5) concentration (p < .0001). The authors demonstrate the LTPI was associated with PM(2.5) pollution with statistical significance with and without adjustment for covariates (adjusted odds ration [OR] = 1.16; 95% CI: [confidence interval] 1.06-1.27). This study suggests that ambient PM(2.5) air pollution is associated independently with LTPI. PM(2.5) pollution and physical inactivity are both risk factors of chronic diseases. Therefore, it is important for environmental officials to implement measures to reduce ambient air pollution while public health officials simultaneously promote regular physical activity by encouraging the general public to remain physically active. C1 [Balluz, Lina S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Survey Operat Sect, Behav Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis,Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Balluz, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Survey Operat Sect, Behav Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis,Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Lballuz@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 72 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 471WP UT WOS:000268089300006 PM 19681386 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, GS Sriram, R Qvarnstrom, Y Bandyopadhyay, K Da Silva, AJ Pieniazek, NJ Cabral, GA AF Visvesvara, Govinda S. Sriram, Rama Qvarnstrom, Yvonne Bandyopadhyay, Kakali Da Silva, Alexandre J. Pieniazek, Norman J. Cabral, Guy A. TI Paravahlkampfia francinae n. sp Masquerading as an Agent of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacterial endosymbionts; free-living amoebae; Paravahlkampfia francinae; 18S rRNA; 5.8S rRNA ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; ACANTHAMOEBA SPP.; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; HARTMANNELLA-ACANTHAMOEBA; ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; SAPPINIA-DIPLOIDEA; NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI; CELL-CULTURES; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVATION AB Paravahlkampfia francinae n. sp., a new species of the free-living amoeba genus Paravahlkampfia, designated as CDC:V595, was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with headache, sore throat, and vomiting, typical symptoms of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri. The isolate grew at 33 degrees C, 37 degrees C, 40 degrees C, and 42 degrees C and destroyed mammalian cell cultures. However, it did not kill young mice upon intranasal inoculation. P. francinae does not produce flagellates and does not grow on agar plates coated with Gram- negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, the usual food source of Paravahlkampfia ustiana, the type species of the genus. The trophozoite at light microscopy exhibited eruptive locomotion and possessed a single vesicular nucleus. Ultrastructurally, the trophozoites had numerous mitochondria with discoidal cristae but did not have a Golgi apparatus. The trophozoites differentiated into cysts after consuming most of the monolayer. The cyst had an inner well-differentiated endocyst and an outer thin, wrinkled, and wavy ectocyst with no pores. During excystation trophozoites ruptured the cyst wall and emerged from the cysts. A unique feature seen in the cysts was the presence of bacterial endosymbionts, both in the endoplasm and within the cyst wall. Full-length sequencing analysis of the 18S and 5.8S RNA genes of P. francinae showed that they were distinct from those of other Paravahlkampfia species. The patient recovered within a few days indicating that some of the previously reported cases of PAM that survived may have been due to P. francinae. C1 [Visvesvara, Govinda S.; Sriram, Rama; Qvarnstrom, Yvonne; Bandyopadhyay, Kakali; Da Silva, Alexandre J.; Pieniazek, Norman J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bandyopadhyay, Kakali] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. [Cabral, Guy A.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee Campus,MS F-36,Bldg 109,4770 Buford High, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gsv1@cdc.gov FU NIH-NINDS Center Core [5P30 NS047463] FX We are indebted to Emily Velez-Chua and Kevin Sohner, Ohio Department of Health for providing patient history and specimens. Electron microscopy was performed at the VCU-Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology Microscopy Facility supported in part with funding from NIH-NINDS Center Core Grant 5P30 NS047463. We are also indebted to Prof. Horst Aspock, Ph.D. of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria for his help with Latin grammar. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 357 EP 366 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2009.00410.x PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 467PV UT WOS:000267754200006 PM 19602081 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, G AF Visvesvara, Govinda TI IN MEMORIAM: FREDERICK L. SCHUSTER (1934-2009) SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Visvesvara, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee Campus,Bldg 109,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 400 EP 401 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2009.00418.x PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 467PV UT WOS:000267754200014 PM 19602089 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB Virji, MA Day, GA AF Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. Virji, M. Abbas Day, Gregory A. TI Characterization of exposures among cemented tungsten carbide workers. Part I: Size-fractionated exposures to airborne cobalt and tungsten particles SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerosols; size-selective sampling; asthma; lung disease; lung cancer; exposure assessment ID HARD-METAL WORKERS; INTERSTITIAL LUNG-DISEASE; SINGLE-CELL GEL; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; SAMPLING TECHNIQUES; CANCER MORTALITY; MOUSE PERITONEAL; PURE COBALT; ASTHMA; DUSTS AB As many as 30,000 workers in the United States of America are exposed to cemented tungsten carbides (CTC), alloys composed primarily of tungsten carbide and cobalt, which are used in cutting tools. Inhalation of cobalt-containing particles may be sufficient for the development of occupational asthma, whereas tungsten carbide particles in association with cobalt particles are associated with the development of hard metal disease (HMD) and lung cancer. Historical epidemiology and exposure studies of CTC workers often rely only on measures of total airborne cobalt mass concentration. In this study, we characterized cobalt-and tungsten-containing aerosols generated during the production of CTC with emphasis on (1) aerosol "total" mass (n = 252 closed-face 37 mm cassette samples) and particle size-selective mass concentrations ( n 108 eight-stage cascade impactor samples); (2) particle size distributions; and (3) comparison of exposures obtained using personal cassette and impactor samplers. Total cobalt and tungsten exposures were highest in work areas that handled powders (e.g., powder mixing) and lowest in areas that handled finished product (e.g., grinding). Inhalable, thoracic, and respirable cobalt and tungsten exposures were observed in all work areas, indicating potential for co-exposures to particles capable of getting deposited in the upper airways and alveolar region of the lung. Understanding the risk of CTC-induced adverse health effects may require two exposure regimes: one for asthma and the other for HMD and lung cancer. All sizes of cobalt-containing particles that deposit in the lung and airways have potential to cause asthma, thus a thoracic exposure metric is likely biologically appropriate. Cobalt-tungsten mixtures that deposit in the alveolar region of the lung may potentially cause HMD and lung cancer, thus a respirable exposure metric for both metals is likely biologically appropriate. By characterizing size-selective and co-exposures as well as multiple exposure pathways, this series of papers offer an approach for developing biologically meaningful exposure metrics for use in epidemiology. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2009) 19, 475-491; doi: 10.1038/jes.2008.37; published online 16 July 2008 C1 [Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.; Virji, M. Abbas; Day, Gregory A.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Stefaniak, AB (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop H-2702, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM astefaniak@cdc.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012 NR 72 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 5 BP 475 EP 491 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.37 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 468KX UT WOS:000267818200003 PM 18628793 ER PT J AU Osterholm, MT Ostrowsky, J Farrar, JA Gravani, RB Tauxe, RV Buchanan, RL Hedberg, CW AF Osterholm, Michael T. Ostrowsky, Julie Farrar, Jeff A. Gravani, Robert B. Tauxe, Robert V. Buchanan, Robert L. Hedberg, Craig W. TI A Novel Approach To Enhance Food Safety: Industry-Academia-Government Partnership for Applied Research SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LETTUCE AB An independent collaborative approach was developed for stimulating research off high-priority food safety issues. The Fresh Express Produce Safety Research Initiative was launched in 2007 with $2 million in unrestricted funds from industry and independent direction and oversight from a scientific advisory panel consisting of nationally recognized food safety experts from academia and government agencies. The program had two main objectives: (i) to fund rigorous, innovative, and multi-disciplinary research addressing the safety of lettuce, spinach, and other leafy greens and (ii) to share research findings as widely and quickly as possible to support the development of advanced safeguards within the fresh-cut produce industry. Sixty-five proposals were submitted in response to a publicly announced request for proposals and were competitively evaluated. Nine research projects were funded to examine underlying factors involved in Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination of lettuce, spinach, and other leafy greens and potential strategies for preventing the spread of foodborne pathogens. Results of the studies, published in the Journal of Food Protection, help to identify promising directions for future research into potential sources and entry points of contamination and specific factors associated with harvesting, processing, transporting, and storing produce that allow contaminants to persist and proliferate. The program provides a model for leveraging the strengths of industry, academia, and government to address high-priority issues quickly and directly through applied research. This model can be productively extended to other pathogens and other leafy and nonleafy produce. C1 [Osterholm, Michael T.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect Dis Res & Policy, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Osterholm, Michael T.; Hedberg, Craig W.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Farrar, Jeff A.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Food & Drug Branch, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA. [Gravani, Robert B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tauxe, Robert V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Buchanan, Robert L.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Food Syst Secur & Safety, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Osterholm, MT (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect Dis Res & Policy, 420 Delware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM mto@umn.edu FU Fresh Express FX The advisory panel extends its sincere thanks to Fresh Express for its generous and unconditional support of this research initiative and to all the researchers who worked diligently to address important microbiological questions related to the safety of leafy greens. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1509 EP 1512 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 468JF UT WOS:000267812800022 PM 19681279 ER PT J AU Brown, BA Maher, K Flemister, MR Naraghi-Arani, P Uddin, M Oberste, MS Pallansch, MA AF Brown, Betty A. Maher, Kaija Flemister, Mary R. Naraghi-Arani, Pejman Uddin, Moyez Oberste, M. Steven Pallansch, Mark A. TI Resolving ambiguities in genetic typing of human enterovirus species C clinical isolates and identification of enterovirus 96, 99 and 102 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; UNTYPABLE ENTEROVIRUSES; CODING REGION; VP1 SEQUENCE; RT-PCR; VIRUS; RECOMBINATION; SEROTYPES; CLASSIFICATION AB Molecular methods, based on sequencing the region encoding the VP1 major capsid protein, have recently become the gold standard for enterovirus typing. In the most commonly used scheme, sequences more than 75% identical (>85% amino acid identity) in complete or partial VP1 sequence are considered to represent the same type. However, as sequence data have accumulated, it has become clear that the '75 %/85% rule' may not be universally applicable. To address this issue, we have determined nucleotide sequences for the complete P1 capsid region of a collection of 53 isolates from the species Human enterovirus C (HEV-C), comparing them with each other and with those of 20 reference strains. Pairwise identities, similarity plots and phylogenetic reconstructions identified three potential new enterovirus types, EV96, EV99 and EV102. When pairwise sequence comparisons were considered in aggregate, there was overlap in percentage identity between comparisons of homotypic strains and heterotypic strains. In particular, the differences between coxsackievirus (CV) A13 and CVA17, CVA24 and EV99, and CVA20 and EV102 were difficult to discern, largely because of intratypic sequence diversity. Closer inspection revealed the minimum intratypic values and maximum intratypic values varied by type, suggesting that the rules were at least consistent within a type. By plotting VP1 amino acid identity vs nucleotide identity for each sequence pair and considering each type separately, members of each type were fully resolved from those of other types. This study suggests that a more stringent value of 88 % VP1 amino acid identity is more appropriate for routine typing and that other criteria may need to be applied, on a case by case basis, where lower values are seen. C1 [Brown, Betty A.; Maher, Kaija; Flemister, Mary R.; Naraghi-Arani, Pejman; Oberste, M. Steven; Pallansch, Mark A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Uddin, Moyez] Inst Publ Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Brown, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bzb2@cdc.gov FU WHO/SEARO FX We are grateful to the Bangladesh staff of the Expanded Programme on Immunization, WHO, and the Bangladesh national polio eradication program for investigating cases of acute flaccid paralysis and obtaining stool specimens. We are indebted to Dr Nalini Withana, WHO/SEARO, for helping to facilitate our collaboration. We appreciate the technical assistance of Naomi Dybdahl-Sissoko and help from Ray Campagnoli and David Kilpatrick in designing primers. We also thank the members of the ICTV Picornavirus Study Group for discussions of enterovirus serotype definition based on molecular sequence data. NR 48 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 90 BP 1713 EP 1723 DI 10.1099/vir.0.008540-0 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 470DX UT WOS:000267955900019 PM 19264596 ER PT J AU Kuniholm, MH Purcell, RH McQuillan, GM Engle, RE Wasley, A Nelson, KE AF Kuniholm, Mark H. Purcell, Robert H. McQuillan, Geraldine M. Engle, Ronald E. Wasley, Annemarie Nelson, Kenrad E. TI Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus in the United States: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY MAR 21, 2009 CL Washington, DC ID BLOOD-DONORS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; HIGH PREVALENCE; E INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; HEV; GENOTYPE-3; SWINE; JAPAN; DISEASE AB Background. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is prevalent and causes disease worldwide, but its epidemiological profile is only partially understood. Methods. We used an enzyme immunoassay to measure anti-HEV immunoglobulin G antibodies in 18,695 serum samples collected in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We calculated estimates of HEV seroprevalence and examined associations with putative risk factors. Results. The seroprevalence of HEV in the civilian noninstitutionalized United States (US) population during the period from 1988 through 1994 was 21.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.0%-22.9%). Among US-born individuals, males, non-Hispanic whites, and individuals residing in the Midwest and/or in metropolitan areas had the highest seroprevalence estimates. Having a pet in the home (odds ratio [OR], 1.19 [95% CI, 1.01-1.40]) and consuming liver or other organ meats more than once per month (OR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.01-1.88]) were significantly associated with increased odds of HEV seropositivity. Conclusions. Exposure to HEV is common in the US population, although hepatitis E is rarely reported. Having pets and consuming organ meats may play a role in HEV transmission in the United States, but other mechanisms of transmission may also exist. HEV may be considered a possible etiologic agent of acute and chronic hepatitis in US patients reporting no travel history. C1 [Kuniholm, Mark H.; Nelson, Kenrad E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Purcell, Robert H.; Engle, Ronald E.] NIAID, Hepatitis Viruses Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [McQuillan, Geraldine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Wasley, Annemarie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nelson, KE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ste E7132,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM kenelson@jhsph.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AI000311-26]; NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI067449] NR 51 TC 141 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 200 IS 1 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1086/599319 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 452CG UT WOS:000266516700009 PM 19473098 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Eisen, L Gage, KL AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Eisen, Lars Gage, Kenneth L. TI Studies of Vector Competency and Efficiency of North American Fleas for Yersinia pestis: State of the Field and Future Research Needs SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yersinia pestis; flea; early-phase transmission; plague; vector ID EARLY-PHASE TRANSMISSION; XENOPSYLLA-CHEOPIS; PLAGUE EPIZOOTICS; PRAIRIE DOGS; BORNE TRANSMISSION; PASTEURELLA-PESTIS; UNBLOCKED FLEAS; SIPHONAPTERA; TEMPERATURE; CERATOPHYLLIDAE AB The etiological agent of plague. Yersinia pestis, is most commonly transmitted by the bite of infectious fleas. To date, at least 28 flea species occurring in North America have been experimentally confirmed as vectors of Y. pestis. Transmission efficiency differs among species and also between different studies of a single species. These differences may, however, in large part reflect nonstandardized experimental conditions used (hiring the first half of the 20th century When such studies were conducted in response to the rapid spread of Y. pestis across the western United States after its introduction at the beginning of this century. The majority of these early transmission studies focused on the blocked flea mechanism of transmission,,xhich typically does not occur until >2-3 wk after the flea becomes infected. Recent studies have challenged the paradigm that K pestis is usually spread by blocked fleas by demonstrating that numerous flea species, including the oriental rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis, which was the focus of the early classical Studies oil blocked flea transmission, are capable of "early-phase" transmission during the first few days after becoming infected and before a complete blockage call form. The aims of this review are to 1) summarize Y. pestis vector competency and efficiency studies for fleas occurring in North America, 2) discuss the implications of the results of these studies for our understanding of the dynamics of plague epizootics, 3) demonstrate why older transmission studies need to be repeated using a standardized experimental system, and 4) Outline future directions for studies of fleas as vectors of Y. pestis. C1 [Eisen, Rebecca J.; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Enter & Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Eisen, Lars] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Enter & Vector Borne Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 18 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 737 EP 744 DI 10.1603/033.046.0403 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 465XQ UT WOS:000267623800004 PM 19645275 ER PT J AU Williams, MR Savage, HM AF Williams, Martin R. Savage, Harry M. TI Identification of Culex (Melanoconion) Species of the United States Using Female Cibarial Armature (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex (Melanoconion); cibarial armature; mosquito identification ID EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; CENTRAL ALABAMA; MOSQUITOS AB Species within the subgenus Culex (Melanoconion) Theobald are the primary enzootic vectors of viruses in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex including Everglades virus, and probable enzootic vectors of eastern equine encephalitis and West Nile viruses. Adult females of this subgenus are often difficult or impossible to identify to species based on external morphological characters. The use of female cibarial armature allows for the identification of field-collected adult female specimens of Culex (Melanoconion). The cibarial armatures are described and illustrated for all species front the United States and a key to species using this character is presented. C1 [Williams, Martin R.; Savage, Harry M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Savage, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM HMS1@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 745 EP 752 DI 10.1603/033.046.0404 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 465XQ UT WOS:000267623800005 PM 19645276 ER PT J AU Piccinali, RV Marcet, PL Noireau, F Kitron, U Gurtler, RE Dotson, EM AF Piccinali, R. V. Marcet, P. L. Noireau, F. Kitron, U. Gurtler, R. E. Dotson, E. M. TI Molecular Population Genetics and Phylogeography of the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans in South America SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Triatoma infestans; cytochrome oxidase 1; population structure; population expansion; population admixture ID NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA; DNA-SEQUENCES; REDUVIIDAE POPULATIONS; INTEGRATED SOFTWARE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; NORTHERN ARGENTINA; BOLIVIAN CHACO; HEMIPTERA; POLYMORPHISM; DIVERSITY AB Knowledge of the genetic variability, population structure, and evolutionary history of Triatoma infestans may be useful for developing rational vector control strategies. A 661-bp fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) was sequenced and analyzed in bugs from Argentina, Uruguay, Peru, and Bolivia, including peridomestic, domestic, Andean, and Chaco sylvatic bugs. A total of 48 polymorphic sites among 37 haplotypes were described. Nucleotide variation fluctuated among samples, with the highest nucleotide diversity observed in seven Argentinean provinces. Within this group, some populations showed patterns of variability compatible with population expansions and/or fine-scale population structure, whereas others suggested population bottlenecks and/or population admixture processes. A maximum parsimony analysis of the haplotypes showed the presence of a Bolivian/Peruvian and an Argentinean/Uruguayan clade. Bolivian sequences were further divided in Chaco sylvatic and Andean domestic and sylvatic. Two different nested clades were found within the Argentinean/Uruguayan cluster. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and K(S)(T)* analysis supported a strong population structure in Argentina, where genetic differentiation was correlated with geographic distance. Departures from neutrality expectations and a nested cladistic analysis suggest a recent population expansion of T. infestans in Argentina, followed by restricted gene flow and patterns of isolation by distance. This expansion could have taken place as a two-wave process, as was shown by the phylogenetic analysis and signatures of population admixture in the southernmost Argentinean populations. C1 [Piccinali, R. V.; Marcet, P. L.; Gurtler, R. E.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Lab Ecoepidemiol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Marcet, P. L.; Dotson, E. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Noireau, F.] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Entomol, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Noireau, F.] Inst Rech Dev, Unite Rech Caracterisat & Controle Populat Vecteu, F-34394 Montpellier 5, France. [Kitron, U.] Emory Univ, Math & Sci Ctr, Dept Environm Studies, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Piccinali, RV (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Lab Ecoepidemiol, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM rpicci@ege.fcen.uba.ar RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; OI Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020 FU FIC NIH HHS [R01 TW005836, R01 TW05836, R01 TW005836-01] NR 69 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 796 EP 809 DI 10.1603/033.046.0410 PG 14 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 465XQ UT WOS:000267623800011 PM 19645282 ER PT J AU Bermudez, SE Eremeeva, ME Karpathy, SE Samudio, F Zambrano, ML Zaldivar, Y Motta, JA Dasch, GA AF Bermudez, Sergio E. Eremeeva, Marina E. Karpathy, Sandor E. Samudio, Franklin Zambrano, Maria L. Zaldivar, Yamitzel Motta, Jorge A. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Detection and Identification of Rickettsial Agents in Ticks From Domestic Mammals in Eastern Panama SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Panama; ticks; spotted fever group rickettsiae; Anaplasmataceae ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS; AMBLYOMMA-LONGIROSTRE; ARGENTINA; BRAZIL; ACARI; ASSOCIATION; INFECTIONS AB Several outbreaks of Rocky Mountain spotted fever have occurred in recent years in Colombian communities close to the border with Panama. However, little is known about rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases in eastern Panamanian provinces, the Darien Province and the Kuna Yala, located north of the endemic area in Colombia. In 2007, 289 ticks were collected in several towns from dogs, horses, mules, cows, and pigs. DNA was extracted from 124 Dermacentor nitens, 64 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 43 Amblyomma ovale, 355 A. cajennense, 10 Boophilus microplus, 4 A. oblongoguttatum, and 9 A. cajennense nymphs. SYBR-Green polymerase chain reaction assays targeting a fragment of the OmpA and 16S rRNA genes were used for detection of DNA of the spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) and Anaplasmataceae (Anaplasma and Ehrlichia), respectively. In total, 37.4% ticks were positive for SFGR, including 20.3% R. sangnineus, 27.9% A. ovale, 25.8% D. nitens, 50% B. microplus, 50% A. oblongoguttatum, and 100% A. cajennense. The presence of Rickettsia amblyommii DNA was confirmed by sequencing in A. cajennense, A. oblongoguttatum, A. ovale, B. and R. sanguineus. DNA of R. rickettsii was only detected in one D. nitens collected front a horse in Santa Fe, Darien Province. Prevalence of Anaplasmataceae varied from 6.3% in R. sanguineus to 26.5% in A. cajennense. DNA of Ehrlichia chaffensis was found in three D. nitens and three A. cajennense front horses. This is the first study providing molecular, characterization and prevalence information on SFGR in ticks from these areas and thus will be helpful for future evaluations of the risk of rickettsial diseases for individuals living in this region. C1 [Bermudez, Sergio E.; Samudio, Franklin; Zaldivar, Yamitzel; Motta, Jorge A.] Inst Conmemorat Gorgas Estudios Salud, Panama City 081602593, Panama. [Bermudez, Sergio E.; Eremeeva, Marina E.; Karpathy, Sandor E.; Zambrano, Maria L.; Dasch, Gregory A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bermudez, SE (reprint author), Inst Conmemorat Gorgas Estudios Salud, Ave Justo Arosemena & Calle 35, Panama City 081602593, Panama. EM sbermudez@gorgas.gob.pa OI Bermudez, Sergio/0000-0003-1830-3133 NR 38 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 856 EP 861 DI 10.1603/033.046.0417 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 465XQ UT WOS:000267623800018 PM 19645289 ER PT J AU Robinson, JB Eremeeva, ME Olson, PE Thornton, SA Medina, MJ Sumner, JW Dasch, GA AF Robinson, Jennilee B. Eremeeva, Marina E. Olson, Patrick E. Thornton, Scott A. Medina, Michael J. Sumner, John W. Dasch, Gregory A. TI New Approaches to Detection and Identification of Rickettsia africae and Ehrlichia ruminantium in Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) Ticks From the Caribbean SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rickettsia africae; Amblyomma variegatum; Ehrlichia ruminantium; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; Dermatophilus congolensis ID SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; FRENCH-WEST-INDIES; BITE FEVER; COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; DNA; TRANSMISSION; GENE; HEARTWATER; INFECTION AB Imported from Africa in the 1700s and despite frequent modern eradication efforts, Amblyomma variegatum (F.) spread through the Caribbean by cattle transport, small ruminants, and migrating birds. A, variegatum is a vector for Rickettsia africae, the causative agent of African tick bite fever, and Ehrlichia ruminantium, the causative agent of heartwater. We examined 95 A. variegatum. and six Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) collected from cattle Lit an abattoir in Antigua. Engorged tick extracts adsorbed on Nobotu filter paper strips and new nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for E. ruminantium and Dermatophilus congolensis were used to evaluate these ticks for the presence of these pathogenic bacteria. Amblyomma ticks (62.4%) contained R. africae DNA by PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing of the OmpA and 17-kDa antigen genes. Twenty Amblyomma and two Rh. microplus contained E. ruminantium. DNA. No E. chaffeensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetii, or D. congolensis DNA was detected in these ticks. The Continued presence of Am. variegatum in the Caribbean poses a significant risk of infection in cattle with E. ruminantium and in humans by R. africae. Eradication efforts are essential to prevent the further spread of Am. variegatum. C1 [Robinson, Jennilee B.; Eremeeva, Marina E.; Sumner, John W.; Dasch, Gregory A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Olson, Patrick E.; Thornton, Scott A.; Medina, Michael J.] USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA 92132 USA. RP Dasch, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GDasch@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 942 EP 951 DI 10.1603/033.046.0429 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 465XQ UT WOS:000267623800030 PM 19645301 ER PT J AU Crabtree, M Sang, R Lutomiah, J Richardson, J Miller, B AF Crabtree, Mary Sang, Rosemary Lutomiah, Joel Richardson, Jason Miller, Barry TI Arbovirus Surveillance of Mosquitoes Collected at Sites of Active Rift Valley Fever Virus Transmission: Kenya, 2006-2007 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alphavirus; bunyavirus; flavivirus; arbovirus; Kenya ID SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; AFRICA; REASSORTANT; OUTBREAKS AB Mosquitoes collected during an outbreak of Rift Valley fever in Kenya from December 2006 to February 2007 were tested to isolate other mosquito-borne arboviruses circulating in the region. Twenty-seven virus isolations were made comprising seven viruses from three arbovirus families. C1 [Crabtree, Mary; Miller, Barry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Sang, Rosemary; Lutomiah, Joel] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Virus Res, Nairobi, Kenya. [Richardson, Jason] USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Crabtree, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 3150 Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM mcrabtree@cdc.gov RI Richardson, Jason/A-9441-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU U.S. Department of Defense; Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS), Kenya; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) through the International Emerging Infections Program (IEIP)-Kenya FX The authors acknowledge the contributions of H . Koka and M. Agawo, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, and D. Betti, J. Mutisya, and J. Gachoya, Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) for excellent technical assistance in field collection, identification, and preparation of samples. Field collection of specimens was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS), Kenya, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) through the International Emerging Infections Program (IEIP)-Kenya. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 961 EP 964 DI 10.1603/033.046.0431 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 465XQ UT WOS:000267623800032 PM 19658258 ER PT J AU Trogdon, J Finkelstein, EA Reyes, M Dietz, WH AF Trogdon, Justin Finkelstein, Eric A. Reyes, Michele Dietz, William H. TI A Return-on-Investment Simulation Model of Workplace Obesity Interventions SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES; WEIGHT-LOSS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; WORK-SITE; PROGRAMS; ORLISTAT AB Objective: To calculate relum-on-investment (ROI) from workplace obesity interventions, employers require information about costs saved by the intervention. This article presents a simulation model used to calculate ROI for workplace obesity interventions. Methods: We estimated annual savings in medical expenditures and absenteeism costs by amount Of average weight loss for a nationally representative company. We also present several examples that use the model to evaluate the ROI for published workplace obesity interventions. Results: Across all overweight and obese employees, 5% weight loss would result in a reduction in total annual costs (medical plus absenteeism) of $90 per per son. Conclusions: The results suggest that low-cost policy or environmental change interventions in worksites may be more likely to be cost saving than high cost, individually targeted behavioral change interventions unless they result in substantial weight loss. (J Occup Environ Med. 2009;51:751-758) C1 [Trogdon, Justin; Finkelstein, Eric A.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Reyes, Michele; Dietz, William H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Trogdon, J (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jtrogdon@rti.org FU CDC Foundation; Sanofi Aventis FX This study was supported by the CDC Foundation through an unrestricted grant from Sanofi Aventis. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 51 IS 7 BP 751 EP 758 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181a86656 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 468QK UT WOS:000267834600001 PM 19528833 ER PT J AU Shugarman, LR Decker, SL Bercovitz, A AF Shugarman, Lisa R. Decker, Sandra L. Bercovitz, Anita TI Demographic and Social Characteristics and Spending at the End of Life SO JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Palliative care; health economics; social deprivation; ethnicity; race; financing ID INPATIENT TREATMENT INTENSITY; LAST YEAR; MEDICARE EXPENDITURES; HEALTH-CARE; REGIONAL-VARIATIONS; ELIGIBLE BENEFICIARIES; PATIENT PREFERENCES; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; CANCER DECEDENTS AB In the United States and abroad, the aging of the population and changes in its demographic and social composition raise important considerations for the future of health care and the systems that pay for care. Studies in. the United States on end-of-life expenditures and utilization focus primarily on Medicare and have reported differences in formal end-of-life spending and types of services used by age, race, gender, and. other personal characteristics, with most. notable differences attributed to age at death. Although overall health care spending tends to be higher for people who are white and women, these patterns tend to either reverse themselves or narrow at the end of life. However, age at death continues to be associated with large spending differences at the end of life, with end-of-life spending declining at older ages. Although different data sources, analytic methods, and definitions of end-of-life care make comparisons of the absolute level of end-of-life spending in the United States to that of other countries difficult, a reading of the existing literature reveals, some similarities in the distribution of spending across patient characteristics, even across different systems of health care and insurance. In. particular, end-of-life spending tends to decline with age, indicating that treatment intensity likely declines with age in most countries to varying degrees. Future international collaborations may help to make data collection and analysis efforts more comparable, enabling identification of factors associated with high-quality end-of-life care and helping health care planners across countries to learn from. the successes of others. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009;38:15-26. (c) 2009 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Decker, Sandra L.; Bercovitz, Anita] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Shugarman, Lisa R.] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. RP Decker, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3316, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM SDecker@CDC.gov NR 71 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0885-3924 J9 J PAIN SYMPTOM MANAG JI J. Pain Symptom Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2009.04.004 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal; Clinical Neurology SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 481BG UT WOS:000268780900004 PM 19615623 ER PT J AU Carmichael, SL Ma, C Werler, MM Olney, RS Shaw, GM AF Carmichael, Suzan L. Ma, Chen Werler, Martha M. Olney, Richard S. Shaw, Gary M. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Maternal Corticosteroid Use and Hypospadias SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; FETAL ADRENAL-CELLS; TRENDS; SURVEILLANCE; PREDNISONE; EXPOSURE; URETHRA; STRESS; PALATE AB Objective To explore whether women who reported corticosteroid use during pregnancy were more likely to deliver an infant with hypospadias than women who did not. Study design The analysis encompassed data on deliveries with an estimated due date between 1997 and 2004 from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a large population-based, case-control study conducted in the United States. Included were 116,5 cases of moderate to severe hypospadias and 3000 nonmalformed male controls. Results The mothers of 39 cases (3.3%) and 62 controls (2.1%) reported using a corticosteroid medication during the period extending from 4 weeks before conception to 14 weeks after conception. The odds ratio (OR) for any corticosteroid exposure versus no corticosteroid exposure was 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1 to 2.5); after adjustment for maternal race/ethnicity, education, age, and study site, it was 1.3 (95% Cl = 0.8 to 2.0). Analyses by route of administration and specific component suggest that elevated ORs occurred only for nasal spray/inhaled corticosteroids (OR = 1.5; 95% Cl = 0.9 to 2.6). Conclusions Maternal use of corticosteroid medications was weakly associated with risk of hypospadias, but the association was negligible after adjustment for potential confounders. (J Pediatr 2009;155:39-44). C1 [Carmichael, Suzan L.; Ma, Chen; Shaw, Gary M.] March Dimes Fdn, Calif Res Div, Oakland, CA USA. [Werler, Martha M.] Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Olney, Richard S.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Carmichael, SL (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Calif Res Div, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM scarmichael@marchofdimes.com RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; OI Werler, Martha/0000-0003-3392-6814 FU NICHD NIH HHS [R03 HD058873, R03 HD058873-01, R03HD058873]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU925286] NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 155 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.01.039 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 466OU UT WOS:000267672600013 PM 19394038 ER PT J AU Maahs, DM Hamman, RF D'Agostino, R Dolan, LM Imperatore, G Lawrence, JM Marcovina, SM Mayer-Davis, EJ Pihoker, C Dabelea, D AF Maahs, David M. Hamman, Richard F. D'Agostino, Ralph, Jr. Dolan, Lawrence M. Imperatore, Guiseppina Lawrence, Jean M. Marcovina, Santica M. Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J. Pihoker, Catherine Dabelea, Dana TI The Association between Adiponectin/Leptin Ratio and Diabetes Type: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; INSULIN THERAPY; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; LEPTIN; DETERMINANTS; DIAGNOSIS; MELLITUS; OBESITY AB We tested the association of adiponectin/leptin ratio with diabetes type after adjusting for multiple factors in 1156 youths with newly diagnosed diabetes in the SEARCH study. Although adiponectin/leptin ratio is associated with diabetes type in youth, it is due to differences in adiponectin, but not leptin levels (J Pediatr 2009,155:133-5) C1 [Maahs, David M.; Hamman, Richard F.; Dabelea, Dana] Univ Colorado, Dept Epidemiol, Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [D'Agostino, Ralph, Jr.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Dolan, Lawrence M.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Imperatore, Guiseppina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lawrence, Jean M.] Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA USA. [Marcovina, Santica M.] NW Lipid Res Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.] Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Pihoker, Catherine] Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA. [Pihoker, Catherine] Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Maahs, DM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Barbara Davis Ctr Childhood Diabet, POB 6511,Mail Stop A140, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM david.maahs@uchsc.edu RI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/C-4060-2017 OI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/0000-0002-3550-8395 FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U01 DP000244, DP-05-069, U01 DP000245, U01 DP000246, U01 DP000247, U01 DP000250, U01 DP000254]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000037, M01 RR000069, M01 RR001070, M01 RR001271, M01 RR008084]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K23 DK075360, K23 DK075360-02]; PHS HHS [00097] NR 14 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 155 IS 1 BP 133 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.12.048 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 466OU UT WOS:000267672600033 PM 19559298 ER PT J AU Smokowski, PR David-Ferdon, C Bacallao, ML AF Smokowski, Paul R. David-Ferdon, Corinne Bacallao, Martica L. TI Acculturation and Adolescent Health: Moving the Field Forward SO JOURNAL OF PRIMARY PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID AMERICAN-INDIAN ADOLESCENTS; YOUTH C1 [Smokowski, Paul R.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Social Work, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [David-Ferdon, Corinne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bacallao, Martica L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Social Work, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. RP Smokowski, PR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Social Work, CB 3550,325 Pittsboro St, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM smokowsk@email.unc.edu; m.bacallao@uncg.edu NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0278-095X J9 J PRIM PREV JI J. Prim. Prev. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1007/s10935-009-0183-y PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 646AF UT WOS:000281506600001 PM 19421857 ER PT J AU Smokowski, PR David-Ferdon, C Stroupe, N AF Smokowski, Paul R. David-Ferdon, Corinne Stroupe, Nancy TI Acculturation and Violence in Minority Adolescents: A Review of the Empirical Literature SO JOURNAL OF PRIMARY PREVENTION LA English DT Review DE Health disparities; Minority youth; Adolescents; Acculturation; Youth violence; Aggression; Suicide ID MEXICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; PUERTO-RICAN CHILDREN; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; HEALTH-RISK BEHAVIORS; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; ETHNIC-IDENTITY; DRUG-USE; SUICIDAL IDEATION; INDIAN ADOLESCENTS AB Although seminal reviews have been published on acculturation and mental health in adults and adolescents, far less is known about how acculturation influences adolescent interpersonal and self-directed violence. This article aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive review of research linking acculturation and violence behavior for adolescents of three minority populations: Latino, Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI), and American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN). The preponderance of evidence from studies on Latino and A/PI youth indicate that higher levels of adolescent assimilation (i.e., measured by time in the United States, English language use, U. S. cultural involvement, or individualism scales) were a risk factor for youth violence. Ethnic group identity or culture-of-origin involvement appear to be cultural assets against youth violence with supporting evidence from studies on A/PI youth; however, more studies are needed on Latino and AI/AN youth. Although some evidence shows low acculturation or cultural marginality to be a risk factor for higher levels of fear, victimization, and being bullied, low acculturation also serves as a protective factor against dating violence victimization for Latino youth. An important emerging trend in both the Latino and, to a lesser extent, A/PI youth literature shows that the impact of acculturation processes on youth aggression and violence can be mediated by family dynamics. The literature on acculturation and self-directed violence is extremely limited and has conflicting results across the examined groups, with high acculturation being a risk factor for Latinos, low acculturation being a risk factor of A/PI youth, and acculturation-related variables being unrelated to suicidal behavior among AI/AN youth. Bicultural skills training as a youth violence and suicide prevention practice is discussed. C1 [Smokowski, Paul R.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Social Work, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [David-Ferdon, Corinne; Stroupe, Nancy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Smokowski, PR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Social Work, CB 3550,325 Pittsboro St, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM smokowsk@email.unc.edu NR 128 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0278-095X J9 J PRIM PREV JI J. Prim. Prev. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 215 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s10935-009-0173-0 PG 49 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 646AF UT WOS:000281506600002 PM 19387835 ER PT J AU Guilamo-Ramos, V Bouris, A Jaccard, J Lesesne, CA Gonzalez, B Kalogerogiannis, K AF Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent Bouris, Alida Jaccard, James Lesesne, Catherine A. Gonzalez, Bernardo Kalogerogiannis, Kosta TI Family Mediators of Acculturation and Adolescent Sexual Behavior Among Latino Youth SO JOURNAL OF PRIMARY PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE Acculturation; Adolescent sexual behavior; Familismo; Parent-child relationships; Latino youth ID RISK BEHAVIOR; PUERTO-RICAN; COMMUNICATION; MOTHERS; AMERICAN; BELIEFS; HEALTH; CHILD; INTENTIONS; HISPANICS AB The present study develops and evaluates a theoretical framework of mediators of the relationship between acculturation and adolescent sexual behavior. Four hundred Latino mother-adolescent dyads from the Bronx, New York were interviewed. The study explored the relationship between intentions to have sexual intercourse and explanatory variables such as adolescent romantic relationship status and partner preferences, maternal approval of dating, adolescent perceptions of maternal approval of dating, and maternal and adolescent levels of familismo and acculturation. Findings revealed complex dynamics between acculturation and adolescent sexual behavior. Protective and risk-inducing associations were observed, with important gender differences operating for boys and girls. Implications for the development of applied prevention programs are discussed. C1 [Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent; Gonzalez, Bernardo; Kalogerogiannis, Kosta] Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Bouris, Alida] Univ Chicago, Sch Social Serv Adm, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Jaccard, James] Florida Int Univ, Dept Psychol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Lesesne, Catherine A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Guilamo-Ramos, V (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM rg650@columbia.edu FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [1 U01 DP000175] NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0278-095X J9 J PRIM PREV JI J. Prim. Prev. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 395 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s10935-009-0180-1 PG 25 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 646AF UT WOS:000281506600009 PM 19408122 ER PT J AU Hwang, J McClintock, S Kachur, SP Slutsker, L Arguin, P AF Hwang, Jimee McClintock, Shannon Kachur, S. Patrick Slutsker, Laurence Arguin, Paul TI Comparison of National Malaria Surveillance System With the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in the United States SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; malaria; surveillance; United States ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS; COMPLETENESS; REGISTRATION AB Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is in the process of integrating the existing dual mechanisms for reporting cases of malaria diagnosed in the United States into a single electronic reporting mechanism. Before adoption of this new system, an evaluation of the existing systems for state-level reporting of malaria data to the CDC was conducted. Methods: CDC guidelines for evaluating surveillance systems were used to assess the attributes of the National Malaria Surveillance System (NMSS), the current National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS), and the projected fully integrated NNDSS. We analyzed data collected from NMSS and NNDSS from 2001 to 2005 using the Chandra-Sekar-Deming method to estimate completeness of reporting. Results: The projected fully integrated system was assessed likely to perform better than either of the existing systems on all attributes except stability. The overall completeness of reporting was estimated to be 80.3 percent for NNDSS and 74.7 percent for NMSS. Conclusions: Both existing systems have reasonably high ascertainment of cases. A fully integrated system with malaria-specific data fields would improve upon existing systems if it proved to be stable. C1 [Hwang, Jimee; Kachur, S. Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Strateg Appl Sci Unit, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [McClintock, Shannon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Arguin, Paul] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Domest Response Unit, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Strateg Appl Sci Unit, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jhwang@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 345 EP 351 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 459OJ UT WOS:000267112400010 PM 19525779 ER PT J AU Al-Hamdan, MZ Crosson, WL Limaye, AS Rickman, DL Quattrochi, DA Estes, MG Qualters, JR Sinclair, AH Tolsma, DD Adeniyi, KA Niskar, AS AF Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z. Crosson, William L. Limaye, Ashutosh S. Rickman, Douglas L. Quattrochi, Dale A. Estes, Maurice G., Jr. Qualters, Judith R. Sinclair, Amber H. Tolsma, Dennis D. Adeniyi, Kafayat A. Niskar, Amanda Sue TI Methods for Characterizing Fine Particulate Matter Using Ground Observations and Remotely Sensed Data: Potential Use for Environmental Public Health Surveillance SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; DISTANCE WEIGHTED INTERPOLATION; AIR-QUALITY; LEVEL PM2.5; UNITED-STATES; POLLUTION; EXPOSURE; DEPTH; MODIS AB This study describes and demonstrates different techniques for surface-fitting daily environmental hazards data of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 mu m (PM(2.5)) for the purpose of integrating respiratory health and environmental data for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) pilot study of Health and Environment Linked for Information Exchange (HELIX)-Atlanta. It presents a methodology for estimating daily spatial surfaces of ground-level PM(2.5) concentrations using the B-Spline and inverse distance weighting (IDW) surface-fitting techniques, leveraging National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data to complement U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ground observation data. The study used measurements of ambient PM(2.5) from the EPA database for the year 2003 as well as PM(2.5) estimates derived from NASA's satellite data. Hazard data have been processed to derive the surrogate PM(2.5) exposure estimates. This paper shows that merging MODIS remote sensing data with surface observations of PM(2.5) not only provides a more complete daily representation of PM(2.5) than either dataset alone would allow, but it also reduces the errors in the PM(2.5-) estimated surfaces. The results of this study also show that although the IDW technique can introduce some numerical artifacts that could be due to its interpolating nature, which assumes that the maxima and minima can occur only at the observation points, the daily IDW PM,., surfaces had smaller errors in general, with respect to observations, than those of the B-Spline surfaces. Finally, the methods discussed in this paper establish a foundation for environmental public health linkage and association studies for which determining the concentrations of an environmental hazard such as PM(2.5) with high accuracy is critical. C1 [Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z.; Crosson, William L.; Limaye, Ashutosh S.; Estes, Maurice G., Jr.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr,Global Hydrol & Clim, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Rickman, Douglas L.; Quattrochi, Dale A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr,Global Hydrol & Clim, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Qualters, Judith R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Tracking Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sinclair, Amber H.; Tolsma, Dennis D.] Ctr Hlth Res SE Kaiser Permanente, Atlanta, GA USA. [Adeniyi, Kafayat A.] Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. [Niskar, Amanda Sue] US Dept HHS, Off Assistant Secretary Preparedness & Response, Off Preparedness & Emergency Operat, Fus Cell, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Al-Hamdan, MZ (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr,Global Hydrol & Clim, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM mohammad.alhamdan@nasa.gov OI Tolsma, Dennis/0000-0002-0685-0618; Rickman, Doug/0000-0003-3409-2882 FU NASA; CDC National Environmental Public Health Tracking Program; HELIX-Atlanta Partners FX The authors acknowledge the generous support of the NASA Applied Sciences Public Health Program, CDC National Environmental Public Health Tracking Program, and HELIX-Atlanta Partners. The authors also thank Darren Palmer from EPA for providing AQS data and assistance in using it; Dr. Jeremy Sarnat from Emory University for helpful comments on the manuscript; and Sue Estes from USRA at NASA/MSFC and Diane Samuelson from the Earth Science Office at NASA/MSFC for invaluable editing assistance. Finally, the authors thank the editor of this journal and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 59 IS 7 BP 865 EP 881 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.7.865 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 466QC UT WOS:000267676200010 PM 19645271 ER PT J AU Oza-Frank, R Cheng, YLJ Narayan, KMV Gregg, EW AF Oza-Frank, Reena Cheng, Yiling J. Narayan, K. M. Venkat Gregg, Edward W. TI Trends in Nutrient Intake among Adults with Diabetes in the United States: 1988-2004 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; WEIGHT; ENERGY; ASSOCIATION; US AB Background Weight loss through dietary modification is key to type 2 diabetes self-management, yet few nationally representative data exist on dietary trends among people with diabetes. Objective To examine dietary changes, via nutrient intakes, among US adults with diabetes between 1988 and 2004. Design Nutrition data from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (Phase I: 1988-1990 and Phase II: 1991-1994) and 1999-2004 of adults with self-reported diabetes were examined. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data were used to assess changes in energy; carbohydrate; protein; total, saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fat; cholesterol; fiber; sodium; and alcohol intake. Statistical analyses Consumption of total energy and specific nutrients per day were estimated by survey, controlled for age and sex, using multiple linear regression and adjusted means (with standard errors). Results Between 1988 and 2004 there was no significant change in self-reported total energy consumption among adults with self-reported diabetes (1,941 kcal/day in 1988-1990 to 2,109 kcal/day in 2003-2004, P for trend=0.22). However, there was a significant increase in the consumption of carbohydrate (209 g/day in 1988-1990 to 241 g/day in 2003-2004; P for trend=0.02). In analyses stratified by age group, changes in dietary consumption were noted among persons aged 45 to 64 years; specifically, increases in total energy (1,770 to 2,100 kcal/day, P for trend =0.01) and carbohydrate consumption (195 to 234 g/day, P for trend=0.02). Conclusions Despite recommendations to lose weight, daily energy consumption by individuals with diabetes showed no significant change, except in individuals aged 45 to 64 years, where an increase was observed. Overall, there was an increase in carbohydrate consumption. Emphasizing the equal importance of energy reduction and changes in dietary composition for people with diabetes is important for optimal self-management. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:1173-1178. C1 [Oza-Frank, Reena] Emory Univ, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Grad Div Biomed & Biol Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Cheng, Yiling J.; Gregg, Edward W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Narayan, K. M. Venkat] Emory Univ, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Grad Div Biochem & Biol Sci, Hubert Dept Global Hlth,Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Narayan, K. M. Venkat] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Oza-Frank, R (reprint author), Emory Univ, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Grad Div Biomed & Biol Sci, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Room 757G, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM roza@emory.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 109 IS 7 BP 1173 EP 1178 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2009.04.007 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 468UE UT WOS:000267847400013 PM 19559133 ER PT J AU Mishra, NK Cummo, DM Arnzen, JJ Bonander, J AF Mishra, Ninad K. Cummo, David M. Arnzen, James J. Bonander, Jason TI A Rule-based Approach for Identifying Obesity and Its Comorbidities in Medical Discharge Summaries SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of a simple rule-based approach in classifying medical discharge summaries according to indicators for obesity and 15 associated co-morbidities as part of the 2008 i2b2 Obesity Challenge. Methods: The authors applied a rule-based approach that looked for occurrences of morbidity-related keywords and identified the types of assertions in which those keywords occurred. The documents were then classified using a simple scoring algorithm based on a mapping of the assertion types to possible judgment categories. Measurements: Results for the challenge were evaluated based on macro F-measure. We report micro and macro F-measure results for all morbidities combined and for each morbidity separately. Results: Our rule-based approach achieved micro and macro F-measures of 0.97 and 0.77, respectively, ranking fifth out of the entries submitted by 28 teams participating in the classification task based on textual judgments and substantially outperforming the average for the challenge. Conclusions: As shown by its ranking in the challenge results, this approach performed relatively well under conditions in which limited training data existed for some judgment categories. Further, the approach held up well in relation to more complex approaches applied to this classification task. The approach could be enhanced by the addition of expert rules to model more complex medical reasoning. C1 [Mishra, Ninad K.; Bonander, Jason] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cummo, David M.; Arnzen, James J.] Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mishra, NK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E76, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nmishra@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 576 EP 579 DI 10.1197/jamia.M3086 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 470QZ UT WOS:000267995500019 PM 19390102 ER PT J AU Niska, R Han, B AF Niska, Richard Han, Beth TI Statins for Secondary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention for Older Primary Care Patients SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; statins; cardiovascular; prevention ID TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; TREATMENT PANEL-III; CHOLESTEROL; STROKE; DISPARITIES; QUALITY; HEALTH; PROFESSIONALS; ASSOCIATION; GUIDELINES AB Objectives: To examine statin prescribing for secondary cardiovascular disease prevention at primary care visits by older patients in 2005-2006. Design: The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey are cross-sectional, using a multistage random sample (112 primary sampling units, physicians and hospitals, patient visits). Characteristics from 4964 primary care visits were abstracted from medical records. chi(2) and logistic regression were performed to investigate associations with statin prescribing. Setting: US nonfederal physician offices and hospital outpatient departments. Participants: Visits by patients aged 55 to 80 years with cerebrovascular, ischemic heart or peripheral vascular disease, aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, or any 2 risk factors (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, or smoking). Measurements: The dependent variable was statin prescribing. Independent variables were age, sex, ethnicity, primary payment source, number of comorbidities, metropolitan statistical area, geographic region, and clinical setting. Results: Statins were prescribed at 37.7% of visits. Logistic regression negative predictors for statin prescribing included non-Hispanic block ethnicity and Medicaid coverage. Number of comorbidities was a positive predictor. Conclusion: Statins are prescribed at much fewer visits by higher-risk older patients, especially non-Hispanic block patients and Medicaid beneficiaries, than would be expected from their comorbidities. C1 [Niska, Richard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Han, Beth] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Adm, Rockville, MD USA. RP Niska, R (reprint author), 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 3319, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rniska@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 101 IS 7 BP 705 EP 710 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 476UB UT WOS:000268470300009 PM 19634592 ER PT J AU Teten, AL Ball, B Valle, LA Noonan, R Rosenbluth, B AF Teten, Andra L. Ball, Barbara Valle, Linda Anne Noonan, Rita Rosenbluth, Barri TI Considerations for the Definition, Measurement, Consequences, and Prevention of Dating Violence Victimization among Adolescent Girls SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; SEXUAL AGGRESSION; NATIONAL SAMPLE; RISK BEHAVIORS; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; WOMEN; ASSAULT; GENDER; ACCEPTABILITY AB Violence experienced by adolescent girls from their dating partners poses considerable threat to their health and well-being. This report provides an overview of the prevalence and consequences of heterosexual teen dating violence and highlights the need for comprehensive prevention approaches to dating violence. We also discuss some considerations and future directions for the study and prevention of dating violence. We begin with a discussion of the definition of dating violence and also discuss measurement concerns and the need for evaluation of prevention strategies. Although women and men of all ages may be the victims or perpetrators, male-to-female dating violence experienced by adolescent girls is the main focus of this article. We incorporate research regarding girls' perpetration of dating violence where appropriate and as it relates to prevention. C1 [Teten, Andra L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ball, Barbara; Rosenbluth, Barri] SafePlace, Austin, TX USA. RP Teten, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ateten@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 17 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 923 EP 927 DI 10.1089/jwh.2009.1515 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 469FS UT WOS:000267881900001 PM 19575691 ER PT J AU Jones, HE Chaikummao, S van de Wijgert, JHHM Friedland, BA Manopaiboon, C Witwatwongwana, P Wankrairot, M Chantharojwong, N Kilmarx, PH AF Jones, Heidi E. Chaikummao, Supaporn van de Wijgert, Janneke H. H. M. Friedland, Barbara A. Manopaiboon, Chomnad Witwatwongwana, Paisit Wankrairot, Mayuree Chantharojwong, Nartlada Kilmarx, Peter H. TI Acceptability of a Carrageenan-Based Candidate Vaginal Microbicide and Matching Placebo: Findings from a Phase II Safety Trial among Women in Chiang Rai, Thailand SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN THAILAND; SAS PROCEDURE; CARRAGUARD; HIV; GEL; APPLICATORS AB Objective: To evaluate extended acceptability of vaginal use of a carrageenan-based candidate microbicide and placebo in northern Thai women. Methods: As part of a randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blinded clinical trial, women were asked to insert gel with each vaginal sex act and at least three times per week for 1 year. Used applicators were collected monthly; acceptability questions were asked quarterly. Results: One hundred sixty-five women were enrolled (83 microbicide, 82 placebo); 148 (90%) remained in the study for 12 months. Gel use was high, with >= 87% returning at least three used applicators per week at each visit. Although acceptability was generally high, some decline in positive reporting was noted in terms of ease of application, timing of gel insertion, and gel volume over time. Approximately one quarter reported gel use increased her sexual pleasure. Over one quarter reported that gel volume of 5 mL was too much. All women with a steady partner at 12 months reported talking to their partner about using the gel. Only 2 women spontaneously mentioned being able to use a product covertly as one of the most appealing attributes of a potential microbicide. Conclusions: Although women in this study generally reported high acceptability and use, some found 5 mL of gel to be too much. Focusing on enhanced sexual pleasure and lubrication may be beneficial for marketing proven microbicides. Development of products will need to balance lubrication and efficacy with perceptions of too much volume. The ability to use a product covertly was not a high priority in this population. C1 [Jones, Heidi E.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Jones, Heidi E.; van de Wijgert, Janneke H. H. M.; Friedland, Barbara A.] Populat Council, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Chaikummao, Supaporn; Manopaiboon, Chomnad; Chantharojwong, Nartlada; Kilmarx, Peter H.] Thai Minist Publ Hlth, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat TUC, Bangkok, Thailand. [van de Wijgert, Janneke H. H. M.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Ctr Poverty Related Communicable Dis, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van de Wijgert, Janneke H. H. M.] Ctr Infect & Immun, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Witwatwongwana, Paisit] Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. [Wankrairot, Mayuree] Chiang Rai Prov Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. [Kilmarx, Peter H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, HE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 622 W 168th St,PH 16-69, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM hej2103@columbia.edu OI Kilmarx, Peter/0000-0001-6464-3345; Jones, Heidi/0000-0002-4285-3752 FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX We thank the study participants, as well as Robin Maguire, David Phillips, Elof Johansson, Chris Elias, Beverly Winikoff, Charlotte Ellertson, Philip Guest, Kelly Blanchard, Jordan Tappero, and Philip Mock; the staff of the Thailand Ministry of Public Health - U. S. CDC Collaboration Data Management and Administration Sections; the Chiang Rai Health Club; Chiang Rai Public Health Office; Chiang Rai Hospital; and Population Council offices in Bangkok and New York The study was funded by the U. S. CDC and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The findings and conclusions in this paper NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 EI 1931-843X J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1003 EP 1010 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.0862 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 469FS UT WOS:000267881900010 PM 19575689 ER PT J AU Fair, AM Wujcik, D Lin, JMS Grau, A Wilson, V Champion, V Zheng, W Egan, KM AF Fair, Alecia Malin Wujcik, Debra Lin, Jin-Mann S. Grau, Ana Wilson, Veronica Champion, Victoria Zheng, Wei Egan, Kathleen M. TI Obesity, Gynecological Factors, and Abnormal Mammography Follow-Up in Minority and Medically Underserved Women SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; BREAST-CANCER BELIEFS; BODY-MASS INDEX; CERVICAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; HEALTH; POPULATION; BARRIERS AB Background: The relationship between obesity and screening mammography adherence has been examined previously, yet few studies have investigated obesity as a potential mediator of timely follow-up of abnormal (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System [BIRADS-0]) mammography results in minority and medically underserved patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 35 women who did not return for follow-up >6 months from index abnormal mammography and 41 who returned for follow-up <= 6 months in Nashville, Tennessee. Patients with a BIRADS-0 mammography event in 2003-2004 were identified by chart review. Breast cancer risk factors were collected by telephone interview. Multivariate logistic regression was performed on selected factors with return for diagnostic follow-up. Results: Obesity and gynecological history were significant predictors of abnormal mammography resolution. A significantly higher frequency of obese women delayed return for mammography resolution compared with nonobese women (64.7% vs. 35.3%). A greater number of hysterectomized women returned for diagnostic follow-up compared with their counterparts without a hysterectomy (77.8% vs. 22.2%). Obese patients were more likely to delay follow-up >6 months (adjusted OR 4.09, p=0.02). Conversely, hysterectomized women were significantly more likely to return for timely mammography follow-up <= 6 months (adjusted OR 7.95, p=0.007). Conclusions: Study results suggest that weight status and gynecological history influence patients' decisions to participate in mammography follow-up studies. Strategies are necessary to reduce weight-related barriers to mammography follow-up in the healthcare system including provider training related to mammography screening of obese women. C1 [Fair, Alecia Malin] Meharry Med Coll, Dept Surg, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Wujcik, Debra] Nashville Gen Hosp, Clin Trials Off, Nashville, TN USA. [Lin, Jin-Mann S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Grau, Ana] Vanderbilt Univ, Div Surg Oncol, Nashville, TN USA. [Wilson, Veronica] Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. [Champion, Victoria] Indiana Univ, Sch Nursing, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Zheng, Wei] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Ctr Epidemiol Res, Inst Med & Publ Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Egan, Kathleen M.] Univ S Florida, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr, Tampa, FL 33682 USA. RP Fair, AM (reprint author), Meharry Med Coll, Dept Surg, 1005 Dr B Todd Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM afair@mmc.edu FU National Cancer Institute [U54 CA915408-04]; ACS [MRSGT-07-008-01-CPHPS]; Clinical Research Center of Meharry Medical College [P20RR011792]; National Institutes of Health [U54 CA915408-06] FX We thank Drs. Ken Wallston and Ted Speroff for their helpful comments. Research was funded by the National Cancer Institute U54 CA915408-04. A. M. F. was funded by ACS grant MRSGT-07-008-01-CPHPS, the Clinical Research Center of Meharry Medical College, grant P20RR011792 from the National Institutes of Health and RCMI Clinical Research Infrastructure Initiative, and National Cancer Institute grant U54 CA915408-06. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1033 EP 1039 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.0791 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 469FS UT WOS:000267881900014 PM 19558307 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Krueger, KV Mvundura, M AF Grosse, Scott D. Krueger, Kurt V. Mvundura, Mercy TI Economic Productivity by Age and Sex 2007 Estimates for the United States SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE cost-of-illness; human capital; indirect cost; cost-benefit analysis; economics ID FRICTION COST METHOD; UNITED-STATES; OF-ILLNESS; LIFE; VACCINATION; DISEASE AB Background: Human capital estimates of labor productivity are often used to estimate the economic impact of diseases and injuries that cause incapacitation or death. Objectives: Estimates of average hourly, annual, and lifetime economic productivity, both market and household, were calculated in 2007 US dollars for 5-year age groups for men, women, and both sexes in the United States. Research Design: Data from the American Time Use Survey were used to estimate hours of paid work and household services and hourly and annual earnings and household productivity. Present values of discounted lifetime earnings were calculated for each age group using the 2004 US life tables and a discount rate of 3% per year and assuming future productivity growth of 1% per year. Subjects: The estimates of hours and productivity were calculated using the time diaries of 72,922 persons included in the American Time Use Survey for the years 2003 to 2007. Results: The present value of lifetime productivity is approximately $1.2 million in 2007 dollars for children under 5 years of age. For adults in their 20s and 30s, it is approximately S1.6 million and then it declines with increasing age. Productivity estimates are higher for males than for females, more for market productivity than for total productivity. Conclusions: Changes in hours of paid employment and household services can affect economic productivity by age and sex. This is the first publication to include estimates of household services based on contemporary time use data for the US population. C1 [Grosse, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Krueger, Kurt V.] John Ward Econ, Prairie Village, KS USA. [Mvundura, Mercy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mvundura, Mercy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgrosse@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD JUL PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 BP S94 EP S103 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 463WA UT WOS:000267462500016 PM 19536021 ER PT J AU Washington, ML AF Washington, Michael L. TI Evaluating the Capability and Cost of a Mass Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Clinic via Computer Simulation SO MEDICAL DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; discrete-event computer simulation; influenza; mass vaccination clinic; immunization; emergency preparedness; public health ID PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; SYSTEM; HEALTH AB Objective. To determine if a mass influenza/pneumococcal vaccination clinic could vaccinate 15,000 clients in 17 h; optimize personnel configuration to maximize number of clients vaccinated; and estimate costs (opportunity and clinic) and revenue. Method. The author used a discrete event simulation model to estimate the throughput of the vaccination clinic as the number of clients (arrival intensity) increased and as staff members were reassigned to different workflows. We represented workflows for 3 client types: "Medicare," "Special," and "Cash," where "Special" designates Medicare clients who needed assistance moving through the clinic. The costs of supplies, staff salaries, and client waiting time were included in the model. We compared the "original" model based on the staffing and performance of an actual clinic to an "optimized" model in which staff were reassigned to optimize number of clients vaccinated. Results. A maximum of 13,138 and 15,094 clients in the original and optimized models, respectively, were vaccinated. At the original arrival rate (8300 clients vaccinated in 17 h), supplies cost about $191,000 and were the most expensive component of the clinic operation in both models. However, as the arrival intensity increased to 140%, the "Medicare" client opportunity cost increased from $23,887 and $21,474 to $743,510 and $740,760 for the simulated original and optimized models, respectively. Conclusion. The clinic could reach their target of 15,000 vaccinees with 2 fewer staff members by rearranging staff assignments from "Special" to "Medicare" and "Cash" stations. Computer simulation can help public health officials determine the most efficient use of staff, machinery, supplies, and time. C1 [Washington, Michael L.] Navy Med Support Command, Dept Navy, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Washington, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH ATSDR OD, Preparedness Modeling Unit, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS F-59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mwashington@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0272-989X J9 MED DECIS MAKING JI Med. Decis. Mak. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 414 EP 423 DI 10.1177/0272989X09333126 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 474NP UT WOS:000268291200003 PM 19564434 ER PT J AU Humphrey, CD AF Humphrey, C. D. TI NEGATIVE STAIN TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF VIRUSES AND VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Coordina, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Humphrey, CD (reprint author), CDC, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Coordina, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 376 EP 377 DI 10.1017/S1431927609094446 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100186 ER PT J AU Goldsmith, CS Metcalfe, MG Comer, JA Rollin, PE Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Batten, BC Towner, JS Sealy, TK McMullan, LK Nichol, ST Zaki, SR AF Goldsmith, Cynthia S. Metcalfe, Maureen G. Comer, James A. Rollin, Pierre E. Paddock, Christopher D. Shieh, W-J Batten, Brigid C. Towner, Jonathan S. Sealy, Tara K. McMullan, Laura K. Nichol, Stuart T. Zaki, Sherif R. TI Emerging Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in Southern Africa and the Philippines SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goldsmith, Cynthia S.; Metcalfe, Maureen G.; Comer, James A.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Paddock, Christopher D.; Shieh, W-J; Batten, Brigid C.; Towner, Jonathan S.; Sealy, Tara K.; McMullan, Laura K.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Goldsmith, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 856 EP 857 DI 10.1017/S1431927609094732 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100422 ER PT J AU Hubbard, WC Moser, AB Liu, AC Jones, RO Steinberg, SJ Lorey, F Panny, SR Vogt, RF Macaya, D Turgeon, CT Tortorelli, S Raymond, GV AF Hubbard, Walter C. Moser, Ann B. Liu, Anita C. Jones, Richard O. Steinberg, Steven J. Lorey, Fred Panny, Susan R. Vogt, Robert F., Jr. Macaya, Daniela Turgeon, Coleman T. Tortorelli, Silvia Raymond, Gerald V. TI Newborn screening for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD): Validation of a combined liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE X-ALD; Lyso-phosphatidyl-choline (lyso-PC); Combined liquid chromatography-tandem; mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM); 1-Hexacosanoyl-2-lysophosphorylcholine; (26:0-lyso-PC); Newborn screening; Phospholipids; Peroxisomal disorders ID DISEASE AB Newborn screening for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) has until now been limited in implementation because of the lack of an accepted standard methodology. We have previously reported a technique using LC-MS/MS analysis that could provide the basis for screening of newborns for X-ALD. The target analyte diagnostic for X-ALD and other peroxisomal disorders of peroxisomal beta-oxidation is 1-hexacosanoyl-2-lyso-sn-3-glycero-phosphorylcholine (26:0-lyso-PC). We report here the validation of the analytical method using an authentic standard of the target compound. The method possesses sensitivity of < 1.0 fmole injected on column with a correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.9987. A tetradeuterated analog of 26:0-lyso-PC served as the internal standard. The sensitivity of this clinical method was confirmed using 17 newborn samples of individuals with peroxisomal disorders retrieved from state newborn screening programs. These samples were run masked with over 1000 newborn samples. All affected individuals were identified with one exception. One sample which was retrieved as an affected did not have the biochemical or genetic abnormality of X-ALD and thus is considered an error in sample identity. These studies clearly show that the method is highly sensitive and accurate in identifying individuals with a defect in peroxisomal p-oxidation such as X-ALD. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All fights reserved. C1 [Hubbard, Walter C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Clin Pharmacol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Moser, Ann B.; Liu, Anita C.; Jones, Richard O.; Steinberg, Steven J.; Raymond, Gerald V.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Lorey, Fred] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Genet Dis Screening Program, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Panny, Susan R.] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Vogt, Robert F., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening Branch, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Macaya, Daniela] Natl Hosp Costa Rica, Mol Genet Lab, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Turgeon, Coleman T.; Tortorelli, Silvia] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Biochem Genet Lab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Hubbard, WC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Clin Pharmacol, 600 N Wolfe St,Osler 527, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM whubbard@jhmi.edu FU NIH [1 S10 RR16798]; European Leukodystrophy Association; Laurie and John Hopkins Charitable Trust; United Leukodystrophy Foundation; Myelin Project FX The Applied Biosystems (Sciex) LC-MS/MS system was purchased with proceeds of NIH Grant No. 1 S10 RR16798 awarded to Dr. Walter C. Hubbard. NR 5 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 97 IS 3 BP 212 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.03.010 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 459IV UT WOS:000267096200008 PM 19423374 ER PT J AU Rogowski, WH Grosse, SD Khoury, MJ AF Rogowski, Wolf H. Grosse, Scott D. Khoury, Muin J. TI SCIENCE AND SOCIETY Challenges of translating genetic tests into clinical and public health practice SO NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS LA English DT Review ID EGAPP WORKING GROUP; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; TECHNOLOGY-ASSESSMENT; REDUCING MORBIDITY; COLORECTAL-CANCER; LYNCH SYNDROME; SERVICES; CARE; STRATEGIES; DISORDERS AB Research in genetics and genomics has led to an expanding list of molecular genetic tests, which are increasingly entering health care systems. However, the evidence surrounding the benefits and harms of these tests is frequently weak. Here we present the main challenges to the successful translation of new research findings about genotype-phenotype associations into clinical practice. We discuss the means to achieve an accelerated translation research agenda that is conducted in a reasonable, fair and efficient manner. C1 [Rogowski, Wolf H.] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth GmbH, Helmholtz Ctr Munich, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Grosse, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rogowski, WH (reprint author), German Res Ctr Environm Hlth GmbH, Helmholtz Ctr Munich, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM rogowski@helmholtz-muenchen.de RI Rogowski, Wolf/D-9334-2013 NR 59 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1471-0056 EI 1471-0064 J9 NAT REV GENET JI Nat. Rev. Genet. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 10 IS 7 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1038/nrg2606 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 459WC UT WOS:000267142100016 PM 19506575 ER PT J AU Winthrop, KL Chiller, T AF Winthrop, Kevin L. Chiller, Tom TI Preventing and treating biologic-associated opportunistic infections SO NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERFERON-GAMMA ASSAY; TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; LATENT TUBERCULOSIS; FACTOR ANTAGONISTS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; FACTOR-ALPHA; DISEASES; COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS; RECOMMENDATIONS AB A variety of opportunistic pathogens have been reported to infect patients receiving tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. these pathogens are numerous, and include coccidioides, histoplasma, nontuberculous mycobacteria, Mycobacteria tuberculosis, and others of public health concern. Accordingly, TNF antagonists should be used with caution in patients at risk for tuberculosis, and screening for latent tuberculosis infection should be undertaken before anti-TNF therapy is initiated. Although screening and prevention efforts have decreased the risk of tuberculosis in this setting, optimal screening methods represent an area of evolving controversy. this article discusses the latest developments in screening methodologies for latent tuberculosis infection, as well as potential preventive and therapeutic considerations for opportunistic infections associated with anti-TNF agents and other biologic therapies. C1 [Winthrop, Kevin L.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Chiller, Tom] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Winthrop, KL (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Mailcode CEI,3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM winthrop@ohsu.edu FU AHRQ HHS [1K08HS017552-01] NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1759-4790 J9 NAT REV RHEUMATOL JI Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 5 IS 7 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.1038/nrrheum.2009.105 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 464ML UT WOS:000267509100011 PM 19568254 ER PT J AU Engel, SM Zhu, C Berkowitz, GS Calafat, AM Silva, MJ Miodovnik, A Wolff, MS AF Engel, Stephanie M. Zhu, Chenbo Berkowitz, Gertrud S. Calafat, Antonia M. Silva, Manori J. Miodovnik, Amir Wolff, Mary S. TI Prenatal phthalate exposure and performance on the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale in a multiethnic birth cohort SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phthalates; Behavior; Neonatal; Neurodevelopment ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; IN-UTERO; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; URINARY CONCENTRATIONS; OXIDATIVE METABOLITES; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; THYROID-HORMONE; SEMEN QUALITY AB We investigated the relationship between prenatal maternal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and neonatal behavior in their 295 children enrolled in a multiethnic birth cohort between 1998 and 2002 at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. Trained examiners administered the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS) to children within 5 days of delivery. We measured metabolites of 7 phthalate esters in maternal urine that was collected between 25 and 40 weeks' gestation. All but two phthalate metabolites were over 95% detectable. We summed metabolites on a molar basis into low and high molecular weight phthalates. We hypothesized the existence of sex-specific effects from phthalate exposure a priori given the hormonal activity of these chemicals. Overall we found few associations between individual phthalate metabolites or their molar sums and most of the BNBAS domains. However, we observed significant sex-phthalate metabolite interactions (p < 0.10) for the Orientation and Motor domains and the overall Quality of Alertness score. Among girls, there was a significant linear decline in adjusted mean Orientation score with increasing urinary concentrations of high molecular weight phthalate metabolites (B = -0.37, p = 0.02). Likewise, there was a strong linear decline in their adjusted mean Quality of Alertness score (B = -0.48, p < 0.01). In addition, boys and girls demonstrated opposite patterns of association between low and high molecular weight phthalate metabolite concentrations and motor performance, with some indication of improved motor performance with increasing concentration of low molecular weight phthalate metabolites among boys. This is the first study to report an association between prenatal phthalate exposure and neurological effects in humans or animals, and as such requires replication. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Engel, Stephanie M.; Zhu, Chenbo; Berkowitz, Gertrud S.; Miodovnik, Amir; Wolff, Mary S.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Silva, Manori J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Engel, SM (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1057, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM Stephanie.Engel@mssm.edu FU NIEHS/EPA Children's Center [ES09584, R827039]; New York Community Trust; ATSDR/CDC/ATPM; NICHD [5T32HD049311] FX This research was supported by NIEHS/EPA Children's Center grants ES09584 and R827039, The New York Community Trust. and ATSDR/CDC/ATPM. Dr. Miodovnik was supported by NICHD 5T32HD049311. The authors would like to thank Ella Samandar, James Preau and John A. Reidy (CDC, Atlanta, GA) for technical assistance in measuring the concentrations of phthalate metabolites, and Martha Lievano and Stefanie Meisel for recruiting and following the birth cohort. NR 56 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 7 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 4 BP 522 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2009.04.001 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 481TM UT WOS:000268834700003 PM 19375452 ER PT J AU Polzin, GM Wu, WJ Yan, XZ McCraw, JM Abdul-Salaam, S Tavakoli, AD Zhang, LQ Ashley, DL Watson, CH AF Polzin, Gregory M. Wu, Weijia Yan, Xizheng McCraw, Joan M. Abdul-Salaam, Shadeed Tavakoli, Ameer D. Zhang, Liqin Ashley, David L. Watson, Clifford H. TI Estimating smokers' mouth-level exposure to select mainstream smoke constituents from discarded cigarette filter butts SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLANESOL; NITROSAMINES; NICOTINE; TRACER; YIELDS AB Standardized machine smoking measurements are poor predictors of exposure. We have refined a method using the solanesol deposited in discarded cigarette butts as a marker for estimating deliveries of mainstream smoke constituents. Developing a fast and accurate method for measuring solanesol in cigarette filters to assess tobacco smoke intake could provide a way to assess how people smoke under natural conditions. We have developed and validated a new, lower-cost, high-throughput method to measure the solanesol content in discarded cigarette filter butts and correlated these measurements with mainstream smoke deliveries of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Cigarettes were machine smoked under a variety of conditions to cover a wide range of nicotine deliveries and solanesol levels in the spent cigarette filter. Following machine smoking, a 1-cm portion of filter material, measured from the mouth end, was removed from the cigarette butts for analysis. Although an isotopically labeled solanesol analog is currently not commercially available, we achieved excellent quantitative results using a structurally similar compound, geranylgeraniol, as an internal standard (IS). After spiking with IS and solvent extracted, solanesol extracts were then analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with a single-quadrupole mass analyzer. Analysis was carried out using manual preparation as well as a high-throughput 48-well format using automated liquid handlers. Recoveries of solanesol from cigarette butts exceeded 95% with excellent precision and exhibited excellent linearity for both preparation methods. In addition, we show that the mouth-level exposure for both nicotine and TSNAs may be estimated by their relation to the solanesol retained in the cigarette filter. We believe that this method provides excellent versatility and throughput for the estimation of mouth-level exposure to a wide range of toxins in cigarette smoke under naturalistic conditions. In addition, this method allows a far more accurate measure of exposure both from a single cigarette as well as from daily smoking. C1 [Polzin, Gregory M.; Wu, Weijia; Yan, Xizheng; McCraw, Joan M.; Abdul-Salaam, Shadeed; Tavakoli, Ameer D.; Zhang, Liqin; Ashley, David L.; Watson, Clifford H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Polzin, GM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GPolzin@cdc.gov FU National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; Office of Smoking and Health of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We acknowledge financial support for this study from the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion and the Office of Smoking and Health of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NR 21 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 11 IS 7 BP 868 EP 874 DI 10.1093/ntr/ntp080 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 463OR UT WOS:000267442000014 PM 19541951 ER PT J AU Katz, LS Bolen, CR Harcourt, BH Schmink, S Wang, X Kislyuk, A Taylor, RT Mayer, LW Jordan, IK AF Katz, Lee S. Bolen, Chris R. Harcourt, Brian H. Schmink, Susanna Wang, Xin Kislyuk, Andrey Taylor, Robert T. Mayer, Leonard W. Jordan, I. King TI Meningococcus genome informatics platform: a system for analyzing multilocus sequence typing data SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY; PROTEIN AB The Meningococcus Genome Informatics Platform (MGIP) is a suite of computational tools for the analysis of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data, at http://mgip.biology.gatech.edu. MLST is used to generate allelic profiles to characterize strains of Neisseria meningitidis, a major cause of bacterial meningitis worldwide. Neisseria meningitidis strains are characterized with MLST as specific sequence types (ST) and clonal complexes (CC) based on the DNA sequences at defined loci. These data are vital to molecular epidemiology studies of N. meningitidis, including outbreak investigations and population biology. MGIP analyzes DNA sequence trace files, returns individual allele calls and characterizes the STs and CCs. MGIP represents a substantial advance over existing software in several respects: (i) ease of use-MGIP is user friendly, intuitive and thoroughly documented; (ii) flexibility-because MGIP is a website, it is compatible with any computer with an internet connection, can be used from any geographic location, and there is no installation; (iii) speed-MGIP takes just over one minute to process a set of 96 trace files; and (iv) expandability-MGIP has the potential to expand to more loci than those used in MLST and even to other bacterial species. C1 [Katz, Lee S.; Bolen, Chris R.; Kislyuk, Andrey; Taylor, Robert T.; Jordan, I. King] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Harcourt, Brian H.; Schmink, Susanna; Wang, Xin; Mayer, Leonard W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katz, LS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM lskatz@gatech.edu; lwm1@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1 R36 GD 000075-1]; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship in Computational and Evolutionary Molecular Biology [BR-4839]; Georgia Research Alliance [GRA.VAC09.O] FX Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1 R36 GD 000075-1 to L. S. K.); Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship in Computational and Evolutionary Molecular Biology (BR-4839 to I. K. J.); Georgia Research Alliance (GRA.VAC09.O to I. K. J. and L. W. M.). Funding for open access charge: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 37 BP W606 EP W611 DI 10.1093/nar/gkp288 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 469IG UT WOS:000267889100105 PM 19468047 ER PT J AU Wallander, JL Taylor, WC Grunbaum, JA Franklin, FA Harrison, GG Kelder, SH Schuster, MA AF Wallander, Jan L. Taylor, Wendell C. Grunbaum, Jo Anne Franklin, Frank A. Harrison, Gail G. Kelder, Steven H. Schuster, Mark A. TI Weight Status, Quality of Life, and Self-concept in African American, Hispanic, and White Fifth-grade Children SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID BODY-IMAGE CONCERNS; OBESE CHILDREN; PREADOLESCENT CHILDREN; PERCEPTION PROFILE; RISK-FACTORS; OVERWEIGHT; HEALTH; ADOLESCENTS; RELIABILITY; INVARIANCE AB This study examined the association between weight status and quality of life (QOL) in fifth-grade African American, Hispanic, and white children and the potential mediation of this relationship by self-concept. A sample was recruited from fifth-grade public school students in three sites, of whom 599 were African American (40%), Hispanic (34%), or white (26%). During a home interview, physical and psychosocial QOL and global and body-specific self-concept were measured. Measured height and weight were used to calculate BMI. In this sample, 57% were classified by BMI as not overweight, 17%, overweight, and 26%, obese. Although there was no significant interaction between weight classification and race/ethnicity for QOL, obese children reported significantly lower psychosocial but not physical QOL than those classified as not overweight. There was a significant association between BMI (measured continuously) and psychosocial QOL, but only 2% of the variance was accounted for. Both global self-concept and body dissatisfaction independently mediated significant portions of the association between BMI and psychosocial QOL. Being obese in childhood may have negative psychosocial effects. C1 [Wallander, Jan L.] Univ Calif, Psychol Sci Sect, Sch Social Sci Humanities & Arts, Merced, CA USA. [Taylor, Wendell C.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX USA. [Grunbaum, Jo Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Franklin, Frank A.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Harrison, Gail G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Kelder, Steven H.] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Publ Hlth, Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Adv Healthy Living, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Schuster, Mark A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Schuster, Mark A.] RAND, Boston, MA USA. RP Wallander, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif, Psychol Sci Sect, Sch Social Sci Humanities & Arts, Merced, CA USA. EM jwallander@ucmerced.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevention Research Centers [U48DP000046, U48DP000057, U48DP00056] FX The Healthy Passages Study is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevention Research Centers (Cooperative Agreements U48DP000046, U48DP000057, and U48DP00056). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC. The contributions made to this research by study participants in the Birmingham, Houston, and Los Angeles areas, other Healthy Passages investigators, field teams at each site, and the CDC Division of Adolescent and School Health are gratefully acknowledged. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD JUL PY 2009 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1363 EP 1368 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.668 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 464CY UT WOS:000267483800012 PM 19197260 ER PT J AU Chu, SY Kim, SY Lau, J AF Chu, Susan Y. Kim, Shin Y. Lau, Joseph TI Letter to the Editor SO OBESITY REVIEWS LA English DT Letter ID CESAREAN DELIVERY; MATERNAL OBESITY; RISK; METAANALYSIS; OUTCOMES C1 [Chu, Susan Y.; Kim, Shin Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lau, Joseph] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA. RP Chu, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM syc1@cdc.gov; skim1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-7881 J9 OBES REV JI Obes. Rev. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 487 EP 488 DI 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00566.x PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 463JH UT WOS:000267427700013 PM 19413709 ER PT J AU Thomas, CC Wingo, PA Dolan, MS Lee, NC Richardson, LC AF Thomas, Cheryll C. Wingo, Phyllis A. Dolan, Mary S. Lee, Nancy C. Richardson, Lisa C. TI Endometrial Cancer Risk Among Younger, Overweight Women SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; DIFFERENT AGES; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; WEIGHT; TRENDS; SIZE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; CARCINOMA AB OBJECTIVE: To examine the risk for endometrial cancer among overweight women using the World Health Organization's clinical definitions of obesity based on body mass index (BMI). METHODS: Conducted in the early 1980s, the Cancer and Steroid Hormone study was a multicenter, population-based, case-control study of breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers among women aged 20-54 years. Participants for the case group (n=421) were identified through cancer registries and had histologically con firmed endometrial cancer. Participants for the control group (n=3,159) were chosen by random-digit dialing methods in the same regions as those in the case group. Those in the case and control groups responded to the same questions during in-person interviews. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The relationship between endometrial cancer and BMI (calculated as weight [kg]/[height (m)](2)) was modified by age at last menstrual period (LMP). Of women who were younger than 45 years at LMP, those with BMIs of at least 35.0 had a greater risk of endometrial cancer (56%, 30/54) than did those with normal BMIs (4%, 59/1,492, adjusted OR 21.7, 95% CI 11.3-41.7). Of women age 45 or older at LMP, those with BMIs of at least 35.0 also had a greater risk (40%, 24/60) than did those with normal BMIs (14%,168/1,235, adjusted OR 3.7,95% CI 2.0-6.6). Women younger than 45 years at LMP and those with BMIs of at least 25.0 at 18 years and as adults (25%, 31/123) had an approximately sixfold increased risk (adjusted OR 5.8, 95% CI 3.4-9.8) compared with those with normal BMIs at 18 and as adults (4%, 58/1,460). CONCLUSION: Very obese women aged 20-54 years have an elevated endometrial cancer risk, which appears heightened by early menopause. (Obstet Gynecol 2009;114:22-7) C1 [Thomas, Cheryll C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Canc Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thomas, CC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Canc Surveillance Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,ME K-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CCThomas@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [3-Y01-HD-8-1037]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Cancer Institute. FX The Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study was supported by interagency agreement 3-Y01-HD-8-1037 between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with additional support from the National Cancer Institute. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 114 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 463BX UT WOS:000267404500005 PM 19546754 ER PT J AU Brown, D AF Brown, David TI Emergency Department Visits for Nursemaid's Elbow in the United States, 2005-2006 SO ORTHOPAEDIC NURSING LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brown, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0744-6020 J9 ORTHOP NURS JI Orthop. Nurs. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 161 EP 162 PG 2 WC Nursing; Orthopedics SC Nursing; Orthopedics GA 482DF UT WOS:000268863600002 PM 19657258 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Melton, LJ Harris, T Borrud, L Shepherd, J McGowan, J AF Looker, A. C. Melton, L. J., III Harris, T. Borrud, L. Shepherd, J. McGowan, J. TI Age, gender, and race/ethnic differences in total body and subregional bone density SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Cross-sectional age patterns; Gender differences; Race/ethnic differences; Total body bone mineral density ID MINERAL DENSITY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; OLDER MEN; WOMEN; OSTEOPOROSIS; HEALTHY; MASS; DXA; PREVALENCE AB Total body bone density of adults from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 differed as expected for some groups (men > women and blacks > whites) but not others (whites > Mexican Americans). Cross-sectional age patterns in bone mineral density (BMD) of older adults differed at skeletal sites that varied by degree of weight-bearing. Total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data offer the opportunity to compare bone density of demographic groups across the entire skeleton. The present study uses total body DXA data (Hologic QDR 4500A, Hologic, Bedford MA, USA) from the NHANES 1999-2004 to examine BMD of the total body and selected skeletal subregions in a wide age range of adult men and women from three race/ethnic groups. Total body, lumbar spine, pelvis, right leg, and left arm BMD and lean mass from 13,091 adults aged 20 years and older were used. The subregions were chosen to represent sites with different degrees of weight-bearing. Mean BMD varied in expected ways for some demographic characteristics (men > women and non-Hispanic blacks > non-Hispanic whites) but not others (non-Hispanic whites > Mexican Americans). Differences in age patterns in BMD also emerged for some characteristics (sex) but not others (race/ethnicity). Differences in cross-sectional age patterns in BMD and lean mass by degree of weight-bearing in older adults were observed for the pelvis, leg, and arm. This information may be useful for generating hypotheses about age, race, and sex differences in fracture risk in the population. C1 [Looker, A. C.; Borrud, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Melton, L. J., III] Mayo Clin, Div Epidemiol, Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Harris, T.] NIA, Epidemiol Demog & Biometry Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Shepherd, J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [McGowan, J.] Natl Inst Musculoskeletal & Skin Dis, Div Musculoskeletal Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 4310,3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM Alooker@cdc.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA AG004050-02] NR 36 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X EI 1433-2965 J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1141 EP 1149 DI 10.1007/s00198-008-0809-6 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 454ES UT WOS:000266665800005 PM 19048179 ER PT J AU Reed, C Kallen, AJ Patton, M Arnold, KE Farley, MM Hageman, J Finelli, L AF Reed, Carrie Kallen, Alexander J. Patton, Monica Arnold, Kathryn E. Farley, Monica M. Hageman, Jeff Finelli, Lyn TI Infection With Community-Onset Staphylococcus aureus and Influenza Virus in Hospitalized Children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE influenza; Staphylococcus aureus ID SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; RSV BRONCHIOLITIS; RESISTANT; SKIN; COINFECTION; PULMONARY; EPIDEMIC; SEASON AB Background: Coinfection with influenza virus and Staphylococcus aureus can cause severe illness or death, and may be increasing. During the 2006-2007 influenza season, 30% of influenza-associated pediatric deaths reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had S. aureus coinfection, compared with 2% to 7% in 2004-2006. The overall occurrence, however, remains unclear. Methods: To assess the burden of coinfection with influenza and community-onset S. aureus in hospitalized children, we conducted a retrospective medical record review of all children admitted to Atlanta pediatric hospitals from October 2006 to April 2007 with laboratory-confirmed influenza or S. aureus cultured from a respiratory or sterile site within 72 hours of admission. Results: Of 65 children with influenza, 7 (11%) had influenza-S. aureus coinfection; an additional 155 had community-onset S. aureus alone. Of S. aureus isolates, 43% were methicillin-resistant. Coinfected children were more frequently admitted to the intensive care unit (71%, P = 0.05) than other children with influenza (28%) or S. aureus (36%) alone and also had a significantly higher case fatality (29%, P = 0.01; 0% influenza, 5% S. aureus). Recent skin or soft tissue infection was documented in 29% of coinfected children, compared with 2% with influenza alone (P = 0.03). Conclusions: Children with influenza-S. aureus coinfection had a higher frequency of severe outcomes than children hospitalized with influenza or S. aureus alone. Coinfection should be considered in children with severe respiratory illness during the influenza season. C1 [Reed, Carrie; Patton, Monica; Finelli, Lyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Reed, Carrie; Kallen, Alexander J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kallen, Alexander J.; Hageman, Jeff] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Patton, Monica] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Expenence, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Arnold, Kathryn E.] Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reed, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CReed1@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 28 IS 7 BP 572 EP 576 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31819d8b71 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 463DS UT WOS:000267409900002 PM 19478685 ER PT J AU Lessa, FC Edwards, JR Fridkin, SK Tenover, FC Horan, TC Gorwitz, RJ AF Lessa, Fernanda C. Edwards, Jonathan R. Fridkin, Scott K. Tenover, Fred C. Horan, Teresa C. Gorwitz, Rachel J. TI Trends in Incidence of Late-Onset Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Neonatal Intensive Care Units Data From the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System, 1995-2004 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE neonatal intensive care units; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; healthcare-associated infections; surveillance; newborns; late-onset infections ID RESEARCH NETWORK; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; INFANTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BACTEREMIA; PNEUMONIA; HOSPITALS; NEWBORNS; STRAINS AB Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasingly being reported to cause outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We assessed the scope and magnitude of MRSA infections with disease onset after 3 days of age (late-onset MRSA infections) in NICUs. Methods: We analyzed data reported by NICUs participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system from 1995 through 2004. For each surveillance month, all healthcare-associated infections as defined by National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance criteria were reported, along with antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates. We pooled the data from all NICUs by birth weight category and calendar year. Poisson regression was used to assess changes in incidence of late-onset MRSA infections per 10,000 patient-days. Results: Overall, 149 NICUs reported 4831 S. aureus infections and 5,878,139 patient-days. Methicillin testing data were available for 4302 S. aureus isolates, of which 975 (23%) were MRSA. Incidence of late-onset MRSA infection per 10,000 patient-days, combining all birthweight categories, increased 308% from 0.7 in 1995 to 3.1 in 2004 (P < 0.001). A significant increase in incidence of MRSA infections was observed among all 4 birthweight categories analyzed separately (<= 1000 g, 1001-1500 g, 1501-2500 g, and >2500 g). The distribution of MRSA infection by type of infection did not vary during the study period; 299 (31%) of MRSA infections were bloodstream infections, 174 (18%) were pneumonia, and 161 (17%) were conjunctivitis. Conclusion: The incidence of late-onset MRSA infections increased substantially between 1995 and 2004, indicating a need to reinforce infection control recommendations and to explore potential sources and routes of transmission. C1 [Lessa, Fernanda C.; Edwards, Jonathan R.; Fridkin, Scott K.; Tenover, Fred C.; Horan, Teresa C.; Gorwitz, Rachel J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lessa, Fernanda C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workfoce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lessa, FC (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM flessa@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 28 IS 7 BP 577 EP 581 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31819988bf PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 463DS UT WOS:000267409900003 PM 19478687 ER PT J AU Fischer, G Wang, S Ahring, S Fowler, K Hainline, S Chinglong, M Jacques-Carroll, L Bell, B Williams, I AF Fischer, Gayle Wang, Susan Ahring, Sherry Fowler, Karen Hainline, Sandra Chinglong, Merlyna Jacques-Carroll, Lisa Bell, Beth Williams, Ian TI An Investigation of Perinatal Hepatitis B Virus Infections Among a High Risk Population The Delivery Hospital as a Safety Net SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE perinatal hepatitis B; hepatitis B virus; hepatitis B vaccine; hepatitis B immune globulin ID ANTIGEN-POSITIVE MOTHERS; INFANTS BORN; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; CARRIER MOTHERS; FOLLOW-UP; VACCINE; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS; IMMUNIZATION; EFFICACY AB Background: There was art increase in perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in one Arkansas county that disproportionately affected Marshallese infants. Methods: An estimated 6000 to 10,000 Marshallese, from the Pacific island nation of the Marshall Islands where HBV is highly endemic, live in one Arkansas county. We conducted a retrospective review of hospital and health department records from 2003 to 2005 in that county. We compared maternal screening for hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) between Marshallese and non-Marshallese. We also reviewed birth and immunization records for infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers to evaluate postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Results: Ten percent (n = 41) of Marshallese births and 0.1% (it = 15) of non-Marshallese births were to HBsAg-positive women. Among those born to HBsAg-positive women, Marshallese and non-Marshallese infants were equally likely to receive PEP with hepatitis B vaccine (98% vs. 100%; P[r] = 0.98) and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) <= 12 hours after birth (88% vs. 87%; P = 0.91). Approximately 57% (n = 32) of all infants born to HBsAg-positive women were tested for perinatal HBV infection. The proportion of Marshallese (17%) and non-Marshallese (13%) infants who tested positive for HBsAg at ages 9 to 25 months was similar (P = 0.78). Receiving HBIG > 12 hours after birth was the only factor significantly associated with infection. Conclusions: Although HBV infection was more prevalent among Marshallese compared with non-Marshallese women, there were no differences in infant receipt of PEP and perinatal HBV infection. Delivery hospitals in this county had standing orders to administer hepatitis B vaccine to all newborns, which likely provided a safety net to prevent perinatal HBV transmission in this high-risk population. C1 [Fischer, Gayle; Wang, Susan; Bell, Beth; Williams, Ian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ahring, Sherry] Arkansas Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Little Rock, AK USA. [Fowler, Karen; Jacques-Carroll, Lisa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hainline, Sandra; Chinglong, Merlyna] Washington Cty Hlth Unit, Fayetteville, AK USA. RP Fischer, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gefischer@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 28 IS 7 BP 593 EP 597 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e318196bf5c PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 463DS UT WOS:000267409900006 PM 19455073 ER PT J AU Black, CM Driebe, EM Howard, LA Fajman, NN Sawyer, MK Girardet, RG Sautter, RL Greenwald, E Beck-Sague, CM Unger, ER Igietseme, JU Hammerschlag, MR AF Black, Carolyn M. Driebe, Elizabeth M. Howard, Laurie A. Fajman, Nancy N. Sawyer, Mary K. Girardet, Rebecca G. Sautter, Robert L. Greenwald, Earl Beck-Sague, Consuelo M. Unger, Elizabeth R. Igietseme, Joseph U. Hammerschlag, Margaret R. TI Multicenter Study of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Children Being Evaluated for Sexual Abuse SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nucleic acid amplification test; sexual abuse; Chlamydia trachomatis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; urine test ID DIAGNOSIS; URINE; INFECTION; WOMEN; OMP1 AB Background: Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in children suspected of sexual abuse is challenging due to the medico-legal implications of test results. Currently, the forensic standard for diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections is culture. In adults, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are superior to culture for CT, but these tests have been insufficiently evaluated or pediatric populations for forensic purposes. Methods: We evaluated the use of NAATs, using urine and genital swabs versus culture for diagnosis of CT and NG in children evaluated for sexual abuse in 4 US cities. Urine and a genital swab were collected for CT and NG NAATs along with routine cultures. NAAT positives were confirmed by PCR, using an alternate target. Results: Prevalence of infection among 485 female children were 2.7% for CT and 3.3% for NG by NAAT. The sensitivity of urine NAATs for CT and NG relative to vaginal culture was 100%. Eight participants with CT-positive and 4 with NG-positive NAATs had negative culture results (P = 0.018 for CT urine NAATs vs. culture). There were 24 of 485 (4.9%) female participants with a positive NAAT for CT or NG or both versus 16 of 485 (3.3%) with a positive culture for either, resulting in a 33% increase in children with a positive diagnosis. Conclusions: These results suggest that NAATs on urine, with confirmation, are adequate for use as a new forensic standard for diagnosis of CT and NG in children suspected of sexual abuse. Urine NAATs offer a clear advantage over culture in sensitivity and are less invasive than swabs, reducing patient trauma and discomfort. C1 [Black, Carolyn M.; Driebe, Elizabeth M.; Howard, Laurie A.; Beck-Sague, Consuelo M.; Unger, Elizabeth R.; Igietseme, Joseph U.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fajman, Nancy N.; Sawyer, Mary K.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Girardet, Rebecca G.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. [Sautter, Robert L.; Greenwald, Earl] Childrens Resource Ctr Pinnacle Hlth, Dept Pediat, Harrisburg, PA USA. [Hammerschlag, Margaret R.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. RP Black, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop C17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cblack@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [US6/CCU417921-01, US6CCU617918-01, US6/CCU217922-01] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of Women's Health, Cooperative Agreement Nos. US6/CCU417921-01, US6CCU617918-01, US6/CCU217922-01; and by the National Center for Infectious Diseases Office of Minority and Women's Health. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 28 IS 7 BP 608 EP 613 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31819b592e PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 463DS UT WOS:000267409900009 PM 19451856 ER PT J AU Girardet, RG Lahoti, S Howard, LA Fajman, NN Sawyer, MK Driebe, EM Lee, F Sautter, RL Greenwald, E Beck-Sague, CM Hammerschlag, MR Black, CM AF Girardet, Rebecca G. Lahoti, Sheela Howard, Laurie A. Fajman, Nancy N. Sawyer, Mary K. Driebe, Elizabeth M. Lee, Francis Sautter, Robert L. Greenwald, Earl Beck-Sague, Consuelo M. Hammerschlag, Margaret R. Black, Carolyn M. TI Epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Suspected Child Victims of Sexual Assault SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted infection; sexual abuse; epidemiology; child ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; CULTURE DIAGNOSIS; ABUSED CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; GONORRHEA; DISEASES; ADOLESCENTS; HERPES; GIRLS; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, HIV, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection diagnosed by culture or by serologic or microscopic tests and by nucleic acid amplification tests in children who are evaluated for sexual victimization. METHODS: Children aged 0 to 13 years, evaluated for sexual victimization, who required sexually transmissible infection (STI) testing were enrolled at 4 US tertiary referral centers. Specimens for N gonorrhoeae and C trachomatis cultures, wet mounts for detection of T vaginalis, and serologic tests for syphilis and HIV were collected and processed according to study sites' protocols. Nucleic acid amplification tests for C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae and serologic tests for HSV-2 were performed blinded to other data. RESULTS: Of 536 children enrolled, 485 were female. C trachomatis was detected in 15 (3.1%) and N gonorrhoeae in 16 (3.3%) girls. T vaginalis was identified in 5 (5.9%) of 85 girls by wet mount, 1 (0.3%) of 384 children had a positive serologic screen for syphilis, and 0 of 384 had serologic evidence of HIV infection. Of 12 girls who had a specimen for HSV-2 culture, 5 (41.7%) had a positive result; 7 (2.5%) of 283 had antibody evidence of HSV-2 infection. Overall, 40 (8.2%) of 485 girls and 0 of 51 boys (P = .02) had >= 1 STI. Girls with vaginal discharge were more likely to test positive for an STI (13 [24.5%] of 53) than other girls (27 [6.3%] of 432; prevalence ratio = 3.9; P < .001), although 10 girls with STIs had normal physical examinations. Most girls (27 [67.5%]) with a confirmed STI had normal or nonspecific findings on anogenital examination. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of each STI among sexually victimized children is <10%, even when highly sensitive detection methods are used. Most children with STIs have normal or nonspecific findings on physical examination. Pediatrics 2009;124:79-86 C1 [Girardet, Rebecca G.; Lahoti, Sheela] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Howard, Laurie A.; Driebe, Elizabeth M.; Beck-Sague, Consuelo M.; Black, Carolyn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fajman, Nancy N.; Sawyer, Mary K.; Lee, Francis] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sautter, Robert L.; Greenwald, Earl] Childrens Resource Ctr Pinnacle Hlth, Dept Pediat, Harrisburg, PA USA. [Hammerschlag, Margaret R.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. RP Girardet, RG (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 6410 Fannin St,Suite 1425, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM rebecca.g.girardet@uth.tmc.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of Women's Health; National Center for Infectious Diseases Office of Minority and Women's Health; [US6/CCU417921-01]; [US6CCU617918-01]; [US6/CCU217922-01] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of Women's Health, Cooperative Agreement Nos. US6/CCU417921-01, US6CCU617918-01, and US6/CCU217922-01, and by the National Center for Infectious Diseases Office of Minority and Women's Health. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2009 VL 124 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-2947 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 463QY UT WOS:000267448100011 PM 19564286 ER PT J AU Rupprecht, CE AF Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Bats, Emerging Diseases, and the Human Interface SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID RABIES VIRUS; PATHOGENESIS; ANTIBODY; STRATEGY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyr5@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 3 IS 7 AR e451 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000451 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 476OP UT WOS:000268452200003 PM 19636369 ER PT J AU Towner, JS Amman, BR Sealy, TK Carroll, SAR Comer, JA Kemp, A Swanepoel, R Paddock, CD Balinandi, S Khristova, ML Formenty, PBH Albarino, CG Miller, DM Reed, ZD Kayiwa, JT Mills, JN Cannon, DL Greer, PW Byaruhanga, E Farnon, EC Atimnedi, P Okware, S Katongole-Mbidde, E Downing, R Tappero, JW Zaki, SR Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST Rollin, PE AF Towner, Jonathan S. Amman, Brian R. Sealy, Tara K. Carroll, Serena A. Reeder Comer, James A. Kemp, Alan Swanepoel, Robert Paddock, Christopher D. Balinandi, Stephen Khristova, Marina L. Formenty, Pierre B. H. Albarino, Cesar G. Miller, David M. Reed, Zachary D. Kayiwa, John T. Mills, James N. Cannon, Deborah L. Greer, Patricia W. Byaruhanga, Emmanuel Farnon, Eileen C. Atimnedi, Patrick Okware, Samuel Katongole-Mbidde, Edward Downing, Robert Tappero, Jordan W. Zaki, Sherif R. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Nichol, Stuart T. Rollin, Pierre E. TI Isolation of Genetically Diverse Marburg Viruses from Egyptian Fruit Bats SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; HENDRA VIRUS; OUTBREAK; RESERVOIR; INFECTION; DISEASE; KIKWIT; ANGOLA; MODEL; KENYA AB In July and September 2007, miners working in Kitaka Cave, Uganda, were diagnosed with Marburg hemorrhagic fever. The likely source of infection in the cave was Egyptian fruit bats ( Rousettus aegyptiacus) based on detection of Marburg virus RNA in 31/611 (5.1%) bats, virus-specific antibody in bat sera, and isolation of genetically diverse virus from bat tissues. The virus isolates were collected nine months apart, demonstrating long-term virus circulation. The bat colony was estimated to be over 100,000 animals using mark and re-capture methods, predicting the presence of over 5,000 virus-infected bats. The genetically diverse virus genome sequences from bats and miners closely matched. These data indicate common Egyptian fruit bats can represent a major natural reservoir and source of Marburg virus with potential for spillover into humans. C1 [Towner, Jonathan S.; Amman, Brian R.; Sealy, Tara K.; Carroll, Serena A. Reeder; Comer, James A.; Albarino, Cesar G.; Miller, David M.; Reed, Zachary D.; Mills, James N.; Cannon, Deborah L.; Farnon, Eileen C.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Rollin, Pierre E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kemp, Alan; Swanepoel, Robert] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Special Pathogens Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Paddock, Christopher D.; Greer, Patricia W.; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Balinandi, Stephen; Downing, Robert; Tappero, Jordan W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Entebbe, Uganda. [Khristova, Marina L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Formenty, Pierre B. H.] WHO, Epidem & Pandem Alert & Response Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Kayiwa, John T.; Katongole-Mbidde, Edward] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. [Byaruhanga, Emmanuel] Ibanda Dist Hosp, Ibanda, Uganda. [Atimnedi, Patrick] Uganda Wildlife Author, Kampala, Uganda. [Okware, Samuel] Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. RP Towner, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM stn1@cdc.gov; pyr7@cdc.gov FU Battelle National Biodefense Insitute, Frederick, MD, USA FX Funding for this work was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. David Miller was supported by funding from Battelle National Biodefense Insitute, Frederick, MD, USA. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 209 Z9 215 U1 5 U2 58 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 5 IS 7 AR e1000536 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000536 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 486UJ UT WOS:000269224500012 PM 19649327 ER PT J AU Adamson, K Shepard, D Easton, A Jones, ES AF Adamson, Katie Shepard, Dennis Easton, Alyssa Jones, Ellen S. TI The YMCA/Steps Community Collaboratives, 2004-2008 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Since the YMCA/Steps National Partnership began in 2004, the collaborative approach has built local synergy, linked content experts, and engaged national partners to concentrate on some of the most pressing health issues in the United States. Together, national and local partners used evidence-based public health programs to address risk factors such as poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and tobacco use. This article describes the YMCA/Steps National Partnership and focuses on the experiences and achievements of the YMCA/Steps Community Collaboratives, conducted with technical assistance from the National Association of Chronic Disease Directors between 2004 and 2008. We introduce some of the fundamental concepts underlying the partnership's success and share evaluation results. C1 [Jones, Ellen S.] Natl Assoc Chron Dis Directors, Atlanta, GA USA. [Adamson, Katie; Shepard, Dennis] YMCA USA, Chicago, IL USA. [Easton, Alyssa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, ES (reprint author), Natl Assoc Chron Dis Directors, Atlanta, GA USA. EM elljax@aol.com NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 AR A109 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RX UT WOS:000208158200029 PM 19527581 ER PT J AU Armour, BS Finkelstein, EA Fiebelkorn, IC AF Armour, Brian S. Finkelstein, Eric A. Fiebelkorn, Ian C. TI State-Level Medicaid Expenditures Attributable to Smoking SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Introduction Medicaid recipients are disproportionately affected by tobacco-related disease because their smoking prevalence is approximately 53% greater than that of the overall US adult population. This study estimates state-level smoking-attributable Medicaid expenditures. Methods We used state-level and national data and a 4-part econometric model to estimate the fraction of each state's Medicaid expenditures attributable to smoking. These fractions were multiplied by state-level Medicaid expenditure estimates obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to estimate smoking-attributable expenditures. Results The smoking-attributable fraction for all states was 11.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.4%-17.0%). Medicaid smoking-attributable expenditures ranged from $40 million (Wyoming) to $3.3 billion (New York) in 2004 and totaled $22 billion nationwide. Conclusion Cigarette smoking accounts for a sizeable share of annual state Medicaid expenditures. To reduce smoking prevalence among recipients and the growth rate in smoking-attributable Medicaid expenditures, state health departments and state health plans such as Medicaid are encouraged to provide free or low-cost access to smoking cessation counseling and medication. C1 [Finkelstein, Eric A.; Fiebelkorn, Ian C.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Armour, BS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-88, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM barmour@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This research was supported by a grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We thank Ann Malarcher, Robert Merritt, Terry Pechacek, Corinne Husten, Rick Hull, and seminar participants at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for helpful comments. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 AR A84 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RX UT WOS:000208158200004 PM 19527585 ER PT J AU Collins, JL Marks, JS Koplan, JP AF Collins, Janet L. Marks, James S. Koplan, Jeffrey P. TI Chronic Disease Prevention and Control: Coming of Age at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Koplan, Jeffrey P.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Marks, James S.] Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Collins, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JCollins@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 AR A81 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RX UT WOS:000208158200001 PM 19527583 ER PT J AU Hosey, G Aitaoto, N Satterfield, D Kelly, J Apaisam, CJ Belyeu-Camacho, T deBrum, I Luces, PS Rengiil, A Turituri, P AF Hosey, Gwen Aitaoto, Nia Satterfield, Dawn Kelly, Jane Apaisam, Carter J. Belyeu-Camacho, Tayna deBrum, Ione Luces, Patrick Solidum Rengiil, Augusta Turituri, Pasa TI The Culture, Community, and Science of Type 2 Diabetes Prevention in the US Associated Pacific Islands SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Background The type 2 diabetes epidemic is a global health issue, particularly in the US Associated Pacific Islands (USAPI). Population health approaches targeting policy development and environmental transformations can help prevent or delay diabetes and related complications. Context Since 1986, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Diabetes Translation has provided financial support to 6 USAPI jurisdictions for diabetes prevention and control programs. Geographic isolation, shortages of health care professionals, dependence on US and international aid, and persistent health care funding challenges are constant concerns in these jurisdictions. Methods In September 2007, representatives from USAPI diabetes prevention and control programs, the Papa Ola Lokahi Pacific Diabetes Education Program, and the Division of Diabetes Translation met to collectively assess program goals within the Essential Public Health Services framework. Participants shared examples of integrated approaches to health promotion and diabetes prevention. Consequences Despite persistent health care funding challenges, the assessment showed the resourcefulness of the islands' diabetes programs in leveraging resources, creating policy and environmental interventions, and strengthening connections in the traditional cultural systems. Interpretation Population health approaches used in island jurisdictions reflect the resilience of the islands' cultures in navigating between traditional and Western ways of life. Attention to the interface of cultural knowledge and Western science provides the USAPI diabetes prevention and control programs with opportunities to create strong, sustained partnerships with the shared vision of transforming social and environmental conditions so that they can support healthy people living in healthy island communities. C1 [Hosey, Gwen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Hosey, Gwen] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Aitaoto, Nia] Papa Ola Lokahi, Pacific Diabet Educ Program, Honolulu, HI USA. [Apaisam, Carter J.] DPCP Program, Palikir, Pohnpei, Micronesia. [Belyeu-Camacho, Tayna] DPCP, Saipan, CM USA. [deBrum, Ione] DPCP, Majuro, Marshall Island. [Luces, Patrick Solidum] DPCP, Hagatna, GU USA. [Rengiil, Augusta] DPCP, Koror, Palau. RP Hosey, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ghh0@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 AR A104 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RX UT WOS:000208158200024 PM 19527576 ER PT J AU Stroup, DF Johnson, VR Proctor, DC Hahn, RA AF Stroup, Donna F. Johnson, Valerie R. Proctor, Dwayne C. Hahn, Robert A. TI Reversing the Trend of Childhood Obesity SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Johnson, Valerie R.; Hahn, Robert A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Proctor, Dwayne C.] Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Stroup, DF (reprint author), Data Solut Inc, POB 894, Decatur, GA 30031 USA. EM donnafstroup@dataforsolutions.com NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 AR A83 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RX UT WOS:000208158200003 PM 19527599 ER PT J AU Thompson-Reid, PE AF Thompson-Reid, Patricia E. TI Engaging and Mobilizing Community Members to Prevent Obesity Among Adolescents SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Community-based public health interventions are designed on the premise that the community is an asset in transforming the health system for health protection. One such intervention is Diabetes Today, a training program for health professionals and lay community leaders that has been successful in building awareness of diabetes as a public health problem. We advocate the use of this program to prevent obesity among adolescents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Thompson-Reid, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pet0@cdc.gov FU Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation FX This article highlights ideas generated at the Symposium on Epidemiologic, Ethical, and Anthropologic Issues in Childhood Overweight and Obesity, sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Health Promotion Research Program, a project of the Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, operated by faculty in the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine in the School of Medicine of Saint George's University, Saint George, Grenada. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 AR A100 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RX UT WOS:000208158200020 PM 19527572 ER PT J AU Holtzman, D Barry, V Ouellet, LJ Jarlais, DCD Vlahov, D Golub, ET Hudson, SM Garfein, RS AF Holtzman, Deborah Barry, Vaughn Ouellet, Lawrence J. Jarlais, Don C. Des Vlahov, David Golub, Elizabeth T. Hudson, Sharon M. Garfein, Richard S. TI The influence of needle exchange programs on injection risk behaviors and infection with hepatitis C virus among young injection drug users in select cities in the United States, 1994-2004 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Hepatitis C virus infection; Injection drug use; Injection drug users (IDUs); Drug injection risk behaviors; Needle exchange programs; Young adults; Surveys; United States ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SYRINGE EXCHANGE; HIV-INFECTION; SAN-FRANCISCO; PREVALENCE; SEROCONVERSION; SELF; PREVENTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EQUIPMENT AB Objective. Our purpose was to assess whether participation in needle exchange programs (NEPs) influenced incident hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection through effects on injection risk behaviors among young injection drug users (IDUs) in the United States. Methods. Data were drawn from three multi-site studies carried out in four major cities that enrolled IDUs over the period 1994-2004. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess relationships among sociodemographic characteristics, NEP use, injection risk behaviors, and prevalent or incident HCV infection. Results. Of the total participants (n = 4663), HCV seroprevalence was 37%; among those who initially tested negative and completed follow-up at three, six, or 12 months (n = 1288), 12% seroconverted. Nearly half of participants reported NEP (46%) use at baseline. Multivariate results showed no significant relationship between NEP use and HCV seroconversion. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, IDUs reporting, NEP use were significantly less likely to share needles (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.67-0.88). Additionally, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and program use, sharing needles, sharing other injection paraphernalia, longer injection duration, and injecting daily were all positively related to prevalent infection. Conclusions. Our results Suggest an indirect protective effect of NEP use on HCV infection by reducing risk behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Holtzman, Deborah; Barry, Vaughn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ouellet, Lawrence J.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Jarlais, Don C. Des] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Baron Edmond Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Vlahov, David] New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. [Golub, Elizabeth T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hudson, Sharon M.] Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Pasadena, CA USA. [Garfein, Richard S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Div Global Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Holtzman, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dxh4@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 49 IS 1 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.04.014 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 480JM UT WOS:000268730600015 PM 19410600 ER PT J AU Gong, F Baron, S Stock, L Ayala, L AF Gong, Fang Baron, Sherry Stock, Laura Ayala, Linda TI Formative Research in Occupational Health and Safety Intervention for Diverse, Underserved Worker Populations: A Homecare Worker Intervention Project SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objective. The increasing numbers of minority, low-income, and contingent workers in the U.S. labor force present new challenges to occupational safety and health interventions. Formative research can be used to help researchers better understand target populations and identify unanticipated barriers to safety changes. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health initiated an intervention project to improve health and safety among homecare workers in Alameda County, California. Investigators conducted systematic formative research to gather information to guide intervention development. Methods. Various qualitative methods were used including 11 focus groups (conducted in English, Spanish, and Chinese) and 10 key informant interviews. This article focuses on two picture-based focus group activities that explored workers' views on their relationships with consumers and their perceived barriers to interventions. Results. Findings indicated cultural differences regarding workers' perceptions of their relationships with consumers. Chinese homecare workers mostly focused on respecting elders rather than initiating changes. Some English- and Spanish-speaking workers described efforts to negotiate with consumers. Results also identified workers' perceived barriers to interventions, such as consumers' resistance to changes and lack of resources. These findings played important roles in shaping the intervention materials. For example, given the lack of resources among consumers, the project tried to tap into community-level resources by collaborating with local stakeholders and developing community resource guides. Conclusion. Formative research can be a valuable step to inform the development of occupational health and safety interventions for diverse, underserved worker populations. C1 [Gong, Fang; Baron, Sherry] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Stock, Laura] Univ Calif Berkeley, Labor Occupat Hlth Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ayala, Linda] Publ Author Home Supportive Serv Alameda Cty, Oakland, CA USA. RP Baron, S (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM sbaron@cdc.gov FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) FX This study was funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors thank project partners front Service Employees International Union United Long-term Care for their collaboration; Sheli DeLaney for her data analyses; and Kaori Fujishiro, Cathy Heaney, David Parker, Jeff Shire, and Marie Haring Sweeney for their review of the article. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 124 BP 84 EP 89 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 455VN UT WOS:000266795600010 PM 19618810 ER PT J AU Buff, AM Sosa, LE Hoopes, AJ Buxton-Morris, D Condren, TB Hadler, JL Haddad, MB Moonan, PK Lobato, MN AF Buff, Ann M. Sosa, Lynn E. Hoopes, Andrea J. Buxton-Morris, Deborah Condren, Thomas B. Hadler, James L. Haddad, Maryam B. Moonan, Patrick K. Lobato, Mark N. TI Two Tuberculosis Genotyping Clusters, One Preventable Outbreak SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AB In 2006, eight community tuberculosis (TB) cases and a ninth incarceration-related case were identified during an outbreak investigation, which included genotyping of all Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. In 1996, the source patient had pulmonary TB but completed only two weeks of treatment. From February 2005 to May 2006, the source patient lived in four different locations while contagious. The outbreak cases had matching isolate spoligotypes; however, the mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (MIRU) patterns from isolates from two secondary cases differed by one tandem repeat at a single MIRU locus. The source patient's isolates showed a mixed mycobacterial population with both MIRU patterns. Traditional and molecular epidemiologic methods linked eight secondary TB cases to a single source patient whose incomplete initial treatment, incarceration, delayed diagnosis, and housing instability resulted in extensive transmission. Adequate treatment of the source patient's initial TB or early diagnosis of recurrent TB could have prevented this outbreak. C1 [Buff, Ann M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Investigat Bran, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Buff, Ann M.; Sosa, Lynn E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sosa, Lynn E.; Condren, Thomas B.; Hadler, James L.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Buxton-Morris, Deborah] Uncas Hlth Dist, Norwich, CT USA. RP Buff, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Investigat Bran, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ali3@cdc.gov RI Moonan, Patrick/F-4307-2014; OI Moonan, Patrick/0000-0002-3550-2065 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 124 IS 4 BP 490 EP 494 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 455VO UT WOS:000266795700004 PM 19618785 ER PT J AU Koss, CA Dunne, EF Warner, L AF Koss, Catherine A. Dunne, Eileen F. Warner, Lee TI A Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Studies Assessing Condom Use and Risk of Syphilis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; HIGH PREVALENCE; HIV; INFECTIONS; INDONESIA; CHINA AB Background: Although systematic reviews of epidemiologic studies have been conducted for condom use and the risk of several sexually transmitted diseases, there have been no such reviews for condom use and syphilis. Methods: A systematic literature review of epidemiologic studies published from 1972 to 2(X)8 was conducted to evaluate study methods and measures of association reported for condom use and risk of syphilis. Results: All 12 included studies had significant methodologic limitations. Nine (75%) studies were cross-sectional. Although 11 (92%) studies assessed consistent condom use, no studies assessed correct use or condom use problems, nor did any document exposure to a partner infected with syphilis. Ten studies had insufficient information to distinguish prevalent from incident infections. Two studies that assessed both incident infection and consistent condom use suggested a reduced risk of syphilis with consistent condom use: I study was statistically significant. Conclusions: Significant methodologic limitations exist for all reviewed studies of syphilis and condom use. Among the 2 most rigorously designed studies, both suggested a reduced risk of syphilis with consistent condom use. Additional studies incorporating rigorous methods are needed to further assess the effect of condom use on risk of syphilis. C1 [Koss, Catherine A.; Dunne, Eileen F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Koss, Catherine A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Experience Appl Epidemiol Fellowship, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Warner, Lee] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dunne, EF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM edunne@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 36 IS 7 BP 401 EP 405 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a396eb PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 463QJ UT WOS:000267446400001 PM 19455075 ER PT J AU Owusu-Edusei, K Bohm, MK Kent, CK AF Owusu-Edusei, Kwame, Jr. Bohm, Michele K. Kent, Charlotte K. TI Diagnostic Methodologies for Chlamydia Screening in Females Aged 15 to 25 Years From Private Insurance Claims Data in the United States, 2001 to 2005 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; PUBLIC-HEALTH LABORATORIES; SERVICES-TASK-FORCE; TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; YOUNG-WOMEN; US; TESTS; FERTILITY C1 [Owusu-Edusei, Kwame, Jr.; Bohm, Michele K.; Kent, Charlotte K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Owusu-Edusei, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Kowusuedusei@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 36 IS 7 BP 419 EP 421 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31819b8d3d PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 463QJ UT WOS:000267446400005 PM 19556935 ER PT J AU Peterman, TA Newman, DR Goldberg, M Anschuetz, GL Salmon, M Satterwhite, CL Berman, SM AF Peterman, Thomas A. Newman, Daniel R. Goldberg, Martin Anschuetz, Greta L. Salmon, Melinda Satterwhite, Catherine L. Berman, Stuart M. TI Screening Male Prisoners for Chlamydia trachomatis: Impact on Test Positivity Among Women From Their Neighborhoods Who Were Tested in Family Planning Clinics SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; SERVICES; TRENDS AB Background: Chlamydia trachomatis screening test positivity among women in the United States has remained high, leading, researchers to suggest that programs should also screen men. Men have been screened in Philadelphia prisons since 2002. Philadelphia prisons are similar to jails in other jurisdictions: in 2003 the median duration of incarceration was 17 days. We studied whether screening and treating men in prison influenced C. trachomatis infection among women living in their communities. Methods: We divided the city into 2 areas: "high-treatnient" (high percentage of men were treated for C. trachomatis detected in prison) and "low-treatment" (low percentage of men were treated for C. trachomatis detected in prison). We compared changes in test positivity among women from those areas, who were tested in family planning clinics during the 2 years before versus the 3 years after the male prison screening program began. Results: In 2002 to 2004, prison screening led to treatment of 1054 infections among 23,203 men aged 20 to 24 years living in high-treatment areas and 98 infections among 2 1,057 men aged 20 to 24 years in low-treatment areas. Test positivity declined among, 20- to 24-year-old women in both areas. In high-treatment areas, positivity decreased 9.1% per year from 1999 to 2001 and 4.9% per year from 2001 to 2004. In low-treatment areas, positivity decreased 13.2% per year from 1999 to 2001 and 7.5% per year from 2001 to 2004. Conclusion: C trachomatis test positivity among 20- to 24-year-old women tested in family planning clinics continued to decrease after men were treated for C. trachomatis: however, we found no evidence that the Continued decrease was due to the new prison screening program. C1 [Peterman, Thomas A.; Newman, Daniel R.; Satterwhite, Catherine L.; Berman, Stuart M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Goldberg, Martin; Anschuetz, Greta L.; Salmon, Melinda] Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tap1@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 36 IS 7 BP 425 EP 429 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a2a920 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 463QJ UT WOS:000267446400007 PM 19525892 ER PT J AU Chen, SY Johnson, M Sunenshine, R England, B Komatsu, K Taylor, M AF Chen, Sanny Y. Johnson, Michelle Sunenshine, Rebecca England, Bob Komatsu, Ken Taylor, Melanie TI Missed and Delayed Syphilis Treatment and Partner Elicitation: A Comparison Between STD Clinic and Non-STD Clinic Patients SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background: Because of increases in reported syphilis, we Sought to identify factors associated with missed and delayed syphilis treatment and partner elicitation interview. Methods: We reviewed syphilis cases reported during June 1, 2006 to May 31, 2007 and conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine demographic and clinical predictors of missed and delayed syphilis treatment and partner elicitation interview. Results: Of 638 syphilis cases. 38 (6%) were identified its untreated cases. Median time-to-treatment wits 7 days (range: 0-380) and median time-to-partner elicitation interview was 14 days (range: 0-380 days) for all case-patients. Both intervals were shorter for patients among whom syphilis was diagnosed at the STD clinic Versus non-STD facilities. In multivariate analysis, diagnosis at a non-STD clinic (AOR: 2.6; 95% CI, 1.0-6.9) and having a late infection of unknown duration (AOR: 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.6) were significantly associated with untreated syphilis. Conclusion: Time-to-treatment and time-to-partner elicitation interview were shorter for patients among whom syphilis was diagnosed at the STD clinic. For non-STD settings in Maricopa County, improvements in quality of care (i.e.. timely treatment) and expeditious public health interventions (i.e.. partner elicitation interview) are needed. C1 [Chen, Sanny Y.; Johnson, Michelle; Sunenshine, Rebecca; Komatsu, Ken; Taylor, Melanie] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [Chen, Sanny Y.; Sunenshine, Rebecca; Taylor, Melanie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [England, Bob] Maricopa Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Chen, SY (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, 150 N 18th Ave,Suite 140, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. EM chens@azdhs.gov NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 36 IS 7 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a2aa95 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 463QJ UT WOS:000267446400010 PM 19455080 ER PT J AU Katz, DA Hogben, M Dooley, SW Golden, MR AF Katz, David A. Hogben, Matthew Dooley, Samuel W., Jr. Golden, Matthew R. TI An Evaluation of the Reliability of HIV Partner Notification Disposition Coding by Disease Intervention Specialists in the United States SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; COVERAGE; OUTCOMES AB Background: The reliability of CDC HIV partner notification (PN) disposition codes has not been evaluated. Methods: Disease Intervention Specialists (DIS) working for health departments in high HIV/STD-morbidity metropolitan areas completed a questionnaire that presented vignettes describing PN interviews. Questionnaires asked DIS to indicate whether they would record a disposition and what codes they would assign to each partner. Results: A total of 136 DIS from 28 of 29 eligible states participated. Partner 1: The index case says he will inform his partner of his HIV diagnosis and, at follow-tip, reports that the partner has tested negative. Seventeen percent of DIS indicated they would record a partner disposition. DIS used 7 different codes to define the PN outcomes. Partner 2: The index case says she will inform her partner, who attends the clinic, indicates no history of testing, and tests HIV-negative. 93% of DIS reported they would record a disposition, 90% of whom used code 6, "Not Previously Tested, New Negative." Partner 3: The index case with partner 2 (above) agrees to have DIS notify her second partner. When contacted, the partner tells DIS that he had previously tested negative and will arrange to be tested himself. He subsequently reports testing HIV-negative, but DIS do not confirm this. Seventy-three percent of DIS recorded a disposition for the partner, of whom 84% used code J, "Located, Refused Counseling and Testing." Conclusions: CDC HIV PN disposition codes are reliable for simple scenarios with verified outcomes, but less reliable when DIS elicit partner-reported outcomes. C1 [Katz, David A.] Univ Washington, Int AIDS Res & Training Program, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Hogben, Matthew; Dooley, Samuel W., Jr.; Golden, Matthew R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Golden, Matthew R.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. RP Katz, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Int AIDS Res & Training Program, Dept Epidemiol, 325 9th Ave,Box 359909, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM dkatz7@u.washington.edu NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 36 IS 7 BP 459 EP 462 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181aaf14d PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 463QJ UT WOS:000267446400012 PM 19525888 ER PT J AU Daniels, PR McBane, RD Litin, SC Ward, SA Hodge, DO Dowling, NF Heit, JA AF Daniels, Paul R. McBane, Robert D. Litin, Scott C. Ward, Sue A. Hodge, David O. Dowling, Nicole F. Heit, John A. TI Peri-procedural anticoagulation management of mechanical prosthetic heart valve patients SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mechanical heart valve; Low molecular weight heparin; Warfarin; Stroke ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN; PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT; ANTITHROMBOTIC THERAPY; ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS; BRIDGING THERAPY; RISK; OPERATIONS; WARFARIN; THROMBOEMBOLISM; INTERRUPTION AB Introduction: To estimate the three-month cumulative incidence of thromboembolism and bleeding among mechanical heart valve (MHV) patients receiving peri-procedural anticoagulation management, consecutive MHV patients referred to the Mayo Clinic Thrombophilia Center for peri-procedural anticoagulation management over the seven-year period, 1997-2003, were followed for three months for thromboembolism, bleeding and vital status. Materials and Methods: Warfarin was stopped 4-5 days prior to the procedure, and re-started after the procedure as soon as hemostasis was assured. The decision to provide bridging therapy with low molecular weight (LMWH) or unfractionated (UFH) heparin was individualized and based on the estimated risks of TE and bleeding. Results: 556 MHV patients (372 aortic only, 136 mitral only, 48 with multiple valves) underwent 580 procedures. The three-month cumulative incidence of thromboembolism was 0.9% which included: cerebral ischemia (n = 3), unstable angina (n = 1), acute myocardial infarction (n = 1). None were fatal. The cumulative incidence of major bleeding was 3.6% and fatal in 0.2%. The incidence of major bleeding events did not differ by postoperative anticoagulant strategy whether LMWH (3.7%), UFH (6.1%), or no heparin (2.4%) was used (p = 0.26). Conclusions: The three-month cumulative incidence of thromboembolism among MHV patients in whom anticoagulation is temporarily interrupted for an invasive procedure is low. Whereas bleeding exceeds thromboembolic complications, our current practice is to restart warfarin as soon as possible post-procedure. Post-procedural heparin use is reserved for patients with the highest thromboembolic risk (mitral MHV, multiple MHVs, MHV with prior stroke or atrial fibrillation) waiting at least 48 hours before initiating. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Daniels, Paul R.; McBane, Robert D.; Litin, Scott C.; Ward, Sue A.; Heit, John A.] Mayo Clin, Gonda Vasc Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Thrombophilia Ctr, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Hodge, David O.] Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Div Biostat, Rochester, MN USA. [Dowling, Nicole F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McBane, RD (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Gonda Vasc Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Thrombophilia Ctr, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM mcbane.robert@mayo.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [300850]; U.S. Public Health Service; Mayo Foundation FX Funded, in part, by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (300850), U.S. Public Health Service, and by the Mayo Foundation. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 124 IS 3 BP 300 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.01.011 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 479GB UT WOS:000268646600011 PM 19232682 ER PT J AU Shenoi, SD Kumar, P Johnston, SP Khadilkar, UN AF Shenoi, Shrutakirthi D. Kumar, Pramod Johnston, Stephanie P. Khadilkar, Urmila N. TI Cutaneous dirofilariasis presenting as an eyelid swelling SO TROPICAL DOCTOR LA English DT Article ID REPENS AB Dirofilariasis is a common filarial infection occurring in domestic and wild animals as a result of arthropod bites. However, it can be transmitted to humans after mosquito bites. Here, we report a case of a 54-year-old lady who developed an unilateral eyelid swelling secondary to Dirofilaria repens. C1 [Shenoi, Shrutakirthi D.] Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Skin & STD, Manipal, Karnataka, India. [Kumar, Pramod] Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Plast Surg, Manipal, Karnataka, India. [Johnston, Stephanie P.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Khadilkar, Urmila N.] Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Pathol, Mangalore, India. RP Shenoi, SD (reprint author), Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Skin & STD, Manipal, Karnataka, India. EM shru12@yahoo.com OI shenoi, shrutakirthi/0000-0002-1495-9322 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0049-4755 J9 TROP DOCT JI Trop. Dr. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 BP 189 EP 190 DI 10.1258/td.2008.080391 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 482WW UT WOS:000268922200025 PM 19535767 ER PT J AU Ngamlert, K Sinthuwattanawibool, C McCarthy, KD Sohn, H Starks, A Kanjanamongkolsiri, P Anek-Vorapong, R Tasaneeyapan, T Monkongdee, P Diem, L Varma, JK AF Ngamlert, Keerataya Sinthuwattanawibool, Chalinthorn McCarthy, Kimberly D. Sohn, Hojoon Starks, Angela Kanjanamongkolsiri, Photjanart Anek-vorapong, Rapeepan Tasaneeyapan, Theerawit Monkongdee, Patama Diem, Lois Varma, Jay K. TI Diagnostic performance and costs of Capilia TB for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex identification from broth-based culture in Bangkok, Thailand SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; Thailand; culture; identification; costs; diagnosis ID ASSAY; CONFIRMATION; SYSTEM; RECOVERY; PROTEIN AB OBJECTIVES Broth-based culture (BBC) systems are increasingly being used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in resource-limited. We evaluated the performance, time to detection and cost of the Capilia TB identification test from broth cultures positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in Thailand. METHODS From October-December 2007, broth cultures that grew AFB from specimens submitted by district TB clinics to the Bangkok city laboratory were tested for MTBC using Capilia TB and standard biochemical tests. Isolates that were identified as MTBC by biochemical tests but not by Capilia TB underwent repeat testing using Capilia TB, Accuprobe (Gen-Probe, San Diego, CA, USA) and sequencing. Costs of time, labour, infrastructure and consumables for all procedures were measured. RESULTS Of 247 isolates evaluated, the sensitivity of Capilia TB was 97% and its true specificity 100% compared with biochemical testing. The median time from specimen receipt to confirmed MTBC identification was 20 days (range 7-53 days) for Capilia TB and 45 days (range 35-79 days) for biochemical testing (P < 0.01). Six isolates that were Capilia TB negative but positive by biochemical testing were confirmed as MTBC and mutations in the mpb64 gene were detected in all. The unit cost of using Capilia TB was 2.67 USD that of biochemical testing was 8.78 USD. CONCLUSIONS In Thailand, Capilia TB had acceptable sensitivity and specificity, was lower in cost and had shorter turn-around times. Laboratories investing in BBC should consider Capilia TB for identification of MTBC, after validation of performance in their setting. C1 [McCarthy, Kimberly D.; Starks, Angela; Diem, Lois; Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ngamlert, Keerataya; Kanjanamongkolsiri, Photjanart; Anek-vorapong, Rapeepan] Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Hlth Lab Div, City Lab, Dept Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Sinthuwattanawibool, Chalinthorn; Tasaneeyapan, Theerawit; Monkongdee, Patama; Varma, Jay K.] US CDC Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, TB Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP McCarthy, KD (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS F-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM KMccarthy3@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 7 BP 748 EP 753 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02284.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 469HB UT WOS:000267886000006 PM 19392738 ER PT J AU Mathanga, DP Luman, ET Campbell, CH Silwimba, C Malenga, G AF Mathanga, Don P. Luman, Elizabeth T. Campbell, Carl H. Silwimba, Chimwemwe Malenga, Grace TI Integration of insecticide-treated net distribution into routine immunization services in Malawi: a pilot study SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE integration; malaria; ITN; immunization; vaccination; coverage ID MEASLES VACCINATION; EQUITABLE COVERAGE; WESTERN KENYA; BEDNETS; CAMPAIGN; TANZANIA; MALARIA AB OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility of distributing insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) through routine immunization services, to increase ownership and use of ITNs among high-risk groups, whereas maintaining or improving timely completion of routine vaccinations. METHODS Free ITNs were provided with timely completion of routine vaccinations in two intervention districts in southern Malawi for 15 months. Cross-sectional baseline and follow-up household surveys were conducted in the two intervention districts and one control district. RESULTS Insecticide-treated nets utilization among children aged 12-23 months roughly doubled in the two intervention districts and did not change in the control district. Timely vaccination coverage increased in all three districts. The percentage of children aged 12-23 months who were both fully vaccinated by 12 months and slept under an ITN the night prior to the interview increased from 10-14% at baseline to 40-44% at follow-up in the intervention districts (P < 0.001), but did not change significantly in the control district. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to evaluate the provision of free ITNs at completion of a child's primary vaccination series, demonstrating that such a linkage is both feasible and can result in improved coverage with the combined services. Additional studies are needed to determine whether such a model is effective in other countries, and whether integration of other health services with immunization delivery could also be synergistic. C1 [Luman, Elizabeth T.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mathanga, Don P.] Coll Med, Dept Community Hlth, Blantyre, Malawi. [Campbell, Carl H.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Malaria Malawi Program, Blantyre, Malawi. [Silwimba, Chimwemwe; Malenga, Grace] Coll Med, Malaria Alert Ctr, Blantyre, Malawi. RP Luman, ET (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ECL7@cdc.gov FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [5 U01 CI000189] NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 7 BP 792 EP 801 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02295.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 469HB UT WOS:000267886000012 PM 19497078 ER PT J AU McKnight-Eily, LR Presley-Cantrell, L Elam-Evans, LD Chapman, DP Kaslow, NJ Perry, GS AF McKnight-Eily, Lela R. Presley-Cantrell, Letitia Elam-Evans, Laurie D. Chapman, Daniel P. Kaslow, Nadine J. Perry, Geraldine S. TI PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF CURRENT DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND LIFETIME DIAGNOSIS OF DEPRESSION IN BLACK WOMEN SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; NON-HISPANIC WHITES; ETHNIC-MINORITIES; CARIBBEAN BLACKS; HEALTH; SYMPTOMS; DISCRIMINATION; DISORDER; INCOME AB Background. There is a paucity of research on depressive symptoms and their correlates among Black women, which may contribute to underdiagnosis, misdiagnosis, and inappropriate treatment. Methods. Data were analyzed from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing, state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. population aged >= 18 years. A total of 10,783 Black women aged 18 to 64 years were interviewed from 38 states, 2 U.S. territories, and the District of Columbia (DC). There were 8,412 (78.0%) women who provided complete responses to questions regarding demographic characteristics, psychosocial variables, current depressive symptomatology, and a lifetime diagnosis of a depressive disorder. Weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence limits of current depressive symptomatology and self-reported lifetime diagnosis of depression were derived. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association of each correlate with the depression outcomes. Results. Overall, 13.8% of Black women reported current depressive symptoms, and 14.9% reported a lifetime diagnosis of a depressive disorder by a health care provider. Significant correlates of both outcomes included rarely/never receiving social support, being unable to work, having physical health problems for 14 or more days in the past month, and dissatisfaction with life. Conclusions. This study indicates that a substantial number of Black women suffer from significant symptoms of depression and report that they have been diagnosed with depressive disorders in their lifetime. Health care providers should assess Black women with poor physical health and life dissatisfaction for depressive disorders and not dismiss somatic complaints as solely physically based. C1 [McKnight-Eily, Lela R.; Presley-Cantrell, Letitia; Elam-Evans, Laurie D.; Chapman, Daniel P.; Perry, Geraldine S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kaslow, Nadine J.] Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Grady Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP McKnight-Eily, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LMcKnightEily@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.whi.2009.04.003 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 476ZT UT WOS:000268486400003 PM 19589473 ER PT J AU Smith, JN Campbell, JA Busby-Hjerpe, AL Lee, S Poet, TS Barr, DB Timchalk, C AF Smith, Jordan Ned Campbell, James A. Busby-Hjerpe, Andrea L. Lee, Sookwang Poet, Torka S. Barr, Dana B. Timchalk, Charles TI Comparative chlorpyrifos pharmacokinetics via multiple routes of exposure and vehicles of administration in the adult rat SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chlorpyrifos; 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol; Pharmacokinetics; Trichloropyridinol ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDE CHLORPYRIFOS; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; PHARMACODYNAMIC MODEL; ORAL CHLORPYRIFOS; BINARY-MIXTURE; IN-VITRO; BRAIN; LIVER; METABOLISM AB Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a commonly used organophosphorus pesticide. A number of toxicity and mechanistic studies have been conducted in animals, where CPF has been administered via a variety of different exposure routes and dosing vehicles. This study compared chlorpyrifos (CPF) pharmacokinetics using oral, intravenous (IV), and subcutaneous (SC) exposure routes and corn oil, saline/Tween 20, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as dosing vehicles. Two groups of rats were co-administered target doses (5 mg/kg) of CPF and isotopically labeled CPF (L-CPF). One group was exposed by both oral (CPF) and IV (L-CPF) routes using saline/Tween 20 vehicle; whereas, the second group was exposed by the SC route using two vehicles, corn oil (CPF) and DMSO (L-CPF). A third group was only administered CPF by the oral route in corn oil. For all treatments, blood and urine time course samples were collected and analyzed for 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), and isotopically labeled 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (L-TCPy). Peak TCPy/L-TCPy concentrations in blood (20.2 mu mol/l), TCPy/L-TCPy blood AUC (94.9 mu mol/l h), and percent of dose excreted in urine (100%) were all highest in rats dosed orally with CPF in saline/Tween 20 and second highest in rats dosed orally with CPF in corn oil. Peak TCPy concentrations in blood were more rapidly obtained after oral administration of CPF in saline/Tween 20 compared to all other dosing scenarios (>1.5 h). These results indicate that orally administered CPF is more extensively metabolized than systemic exposures of CPF(SC and IV), and vehicle of administration also has an effect on absorption rates. Thus, equivalent doses via different routes and/or vehicles of administration could potentially lead to different body burdens of CPF, different rates of bioactivation to CPF-oxon, and different toxic responses. Simulations using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model for CPF are consistent with these possibilities. These results suggest that exposure route and dosing vehicle can substantially impact target tissue dosimetry. This is of particular importance when comparing studies that use varying exposure paradigms, which are then used for extrapolation of risk to humans. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Jordan Ned; Campbell, James A.; Busby-Hjerpe, Andrea L.; Lee, Sookwang; Poet, Torka S.; Timchalk, Charles] Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Timchalk, C (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM jordan.smith@pnl.gov; james.campbell@pnl.gov; andrea.busby@pnl.gov; sookwang.lee@pnl.gov; torka.poet@pnl.gov; dbarr@cdc.gov; charles.timchalk@pnl.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (CDC/NIOSH) [R01 OH008173, R01 OH003629, AGR05FED40077.02] FX This publication was supported by funding from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (CDC/NIOSH) grants R01 OH008173, R01 OH003629, and AGR05FED40077.02. Findings in this study were those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the CDC/NIOSH. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUN 30 PY 2009 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2009.04.041 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 465KZ UT WOS:000267584800007 PM 19397948 ER PT J AU Jang, SW Liu, X Chan, CB Weinshenker, D Hall, RA Xiao, G Ye, KQ AF Jang, Sung-Wuk Liu, Xia Chan, Chi-Bun Weinshenker, David Hall, Randy A. Xiao, Ge Ye, Keqiang TI Amitriptyline is a TrkA and TrkB Receptor Agonist that Promotes TrkA/TrkB Heterodimerization and Has Potent Neurotrophic Activity SO CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; CHOLINERGIC NEURONS; PEPTIDE MIMETICS; ADULT RATS; FACTOR NGF; BRAIN; ACTIVATION; ISCHEMIA; DESIGN AB Neurotrophins, the cognate ligands for the Trk receptors, are homodimers and induce Trk dimerization through a symmetric bivalent mechanism. We report here that amitriptyline, an antidepressant drug, directly binds TrkA and TrkB and triggers their dimerization and activation. Amitriptyline, but not any other tricyclic or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, promotes TrkA autophosphorylation in primary neurons and induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Amitriptyline binds the extracellular domain of both TrkA and TrkB and promotes TrkA-TrkB receptor heterodimerization. Truncation of amitriptyline binding motif on TrkA abrogates the receptor dimerization by amitriptyline. Administration of amitriptyline to mice activates both receptors and significantly reduces kainic acid-triggered neuronal cell death. Inhibition of TrkA, but not TrkB, abolishes amitriptyline's neuroprotective effect without impairing its antidepressant activity. Thus, amitriptyline acts as a TrkA and TrkB agonist and possesses marked neurotrophic activity. C1 [Jang, Sung-Wuk; Liu, Xia; Chan, Chi-Bun; Ye, Keqiang] Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Weinshenker, David] Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Hall, Randy A.] Emory Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Xiao, Ge] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ye, KQ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM kye@emory.edu OI Hall, Randy/0000-0002-8318-8728 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1, NS045627] FX This work is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (RO1, NS045627) to K. Ye. The authors are thankful to David D. Ginty at Johns Hopkins University for the TrkA F592A and TrkB F616A knockin mice. We thank Lino Tessarollo at National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute for Trk heterozygous mice, and Moses Chao at New York University for antip-TrkB Y816 antibody. NR 40 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1074-5521 J9 CHEM BIOL JI Chem. Biol. PD JUN 26 PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6 BP 644 EP 656 DI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.05.010 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 467GZ UT WOS:000267727900010 PM 19549602 ER PT J AU Sackett, DC Wiegert, EJ Egan, JS Nicholas, DC Hlavsa, MC Beach, MJ Gilchrist, J AF Sackett, D. C. Wiegert, E. J. Egan, J. S. Nicholas, D. C. Hlavsa, M. C. Beach, M. J. Gilchrist, J. TI Pool Chemical-Associated Health Events in Public and Residential Settings-United States, 1983-2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 489-493, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Sackett, D. C.; Wiegert, E. J.; Egan, J. S.; Nicholas, D. C.] New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Community Environm Hlth & Food Protect, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Gilchrist, J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sackett, DC (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Community Environm Hlth & Food Protect, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 24 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 24 BP 2543 EP 2545 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 461KU UT WOS:000267266500009 ER PT J AU Pace, D Pollard, AJ Messonier, NE AF Pace, David Pollard, Andrew J. Messonier, Nancy E. TI Quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Serogroup ACYW135 meningococcus; Neisseria menigitidis; Conjugate vaccines ID UNITED-STATES; GLYCOCONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNE MEMORY; HEALTHY ADOLESCENTS; IMMUNOGENICITY; CHILDREN; INFANTS; SAFETY; TRIAL; W-135 AB Neisseria meningitidis is an important cause of bacterial meningitis and septicaemia with most disease caused by meningococci bearing serogroups A, B, C, Y and W-135 polysaccharides. Monovalent serogroup C conjugate vaccines have become established in the immunisation programmes in many countries and the first quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine, containing the polysaccharides from 4 of the serogroups A, C, Y and W-135 meningococci conjugated to a protein carrier was licensed in the US in 2005. This vaccine and others in development offer the potential to broaden population protection against meningococcal disease. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pollard, Andrew J.] Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. [Pace, David] Mater Hosp, Dept Paediat, Msida 2090, MSD, Malta. [Messonier, Nancy E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pollard, AJ (reprint author), Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford Vaccine Group, Old Rd, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. EM dpace@mail.global.net.mt; andrew.pollard@paediatrics.ox.ac.uk; nmessonier@cdc.gov FU Oxford Partnership Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre Programme; Department of Health's NIHR Biomedical Research Centres FX Disclosed conflicts of interest: DP: Travel Grants (GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth). AJP: Does not receive any honoraria, fees or personal payments from industry; Research Grants held by Oxford University (GlaxoSmithKIine, Novartis Vaccines, Sanofi Pastuer, Sanofi Pasteur MSD, Wyeth Vaccines); Advisory Board (Glaxosmithkline, Novartis Vaccines, Wyeth Vaccines); travel grants paid to Oxford University (GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis Vaccines, Sanofi Pasteur, Sanofi Pasteur MSD, Wyeth Vaccines). NEM: No potential conflicts of interest. NR 44 TC 43 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 24 PY 2009 VL 27 BP B30 EP B41 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.003 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 470EC UT WOS:000267956400005 PM 19477560 ER PT J AU Dawood, FS Jain, S Finelli, L Shaw, MW Lindstrom, S Garten, RJ Gubareva, LV Xu, XY Bridges, CB Uyeki, TM AF Dawood, Fatimah S. Jain, Seema Finelli, Lyn Shaw, Michael W. Lindstrom, Stephen Garten, Rebecca J. Gubareva, Larisa V. Xu, Xiyan Bridges, Carolyn B. Uyeki, Timothy M. TI Emergence of a Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in Humans Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Investigation Team SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; VACCINES; ADULTS AB BACKGROUND On April 15 and April 17, 2009, novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) was identified in specimens obtained from two epidemiologically unlinked patients in the United States. The same strain of the virus was identified in Mexico, Canada, and elsewhere. We describe 642 confirmed cases of human S-OIV infection identified from the rapidly evolving U. S. outbreak. METHODS Enhanced surveillance was implemented in the United States for human infection with influenza A viruses that could not be subtyped. Specimens were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerasechain-reaction confirmatory testing for S-OIV. RESULTS From April 15 through May 5, a total of 642 confirmed cases of S-OIV infection were identified in 41 states. The ages of patients ranged from 3 months to 81 years; 60% of patients were 18 years of age or younger. Of patients with available data, 18% had recently traveled to Mexico, and 16% were identified from school outbreaks of S-OIV infection. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (94% of patients), cough (92%), and sore throat (66%); 25% of patients had diarrhea, and 25% had vomiting. Of the 399 patients for whom hospitalization status was known, 36 (9%) required hospitalization. Of 22 hospitalized patients with available data, 12 had characteristics that conferred an increased risk of severe seasonal influenza, 11 had pneumonia, 8 required admission to an intensive care unit, 4 had respiratory failure, and 2 died. The S-OIV was determined to have a unique genome composition that had not been identified previously. CONCLUSIONS A novel swine-origin influenza A virus was identified as the cause of outbreaks of febrile respiratory infection ranging from self-limited to severe illness. It is likely that the number of confirmed cases underestimates the number of cases that have occurred. C1 [Dawood, Fatimah S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jain, Seema; Finelli, Lyn; Shaw, Michael W.; Lindstrom, Stephen; Garten, Rebecca J.; Gubareva, Larisa V.; Xu, Xiyan; Bridges, Carolyn B.; Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dawood, FS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fdawood@cdc.gov; mshaw1@cdc.gov RI Chen, Chien Ku/C-6128-2008; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 23 TC 1787 Z9 1897 U1 19 U2 281 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 360 IS 25 BP 2605 EP 2615 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0903810 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 458WR UT WOS:000267060000005 ER PT J AU Shinde, V Bridges, CB Uyeki, TM Shu, B Balish, A Xu, XY Lindstrom, S Gubareva, LV Deyde, V Garten, RJ Harris, M Gerber, S Vagasky, S Smith, F Pascoe, N Martin, K Dufficy, D Ritger, K Conover, C Quinlisk, P Klimov, A Bresee, JS Finelli, L AF Shinde, Vivek Bridges, Carolyn B. Uyeki, Timothy M. Shu, Bo Balish, Amanda Xu, Xiyan Lindstrom, Stephen Gubareva, Larisa V. Deyde, Varough Garten, Rebecca J. Harris, Meghan Gerber, Susan Vagasky, Susan Smith, Forrest Pascoe, Neal Martin, Karen Dufficy, Deborah Ritger, Kathy Conover, Craig Quinlisk, Patricia Klimov, Alexander Bresee, Joseph S. Finelli, Lyn TI Triple-Reassortant Swine Influenza A (H1) in Humans in the United States, 2005-2009 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1976; FORT-DIX; VIRUS INFECTIONS; TRANSMISSION; WISCONSIN; PIGS; RESISTANCE; PNEUMONIA; WORLDWIDE; CHILDREN AB Background Triple-reassortant swine influenza A (H1) viruses - containing genes from avian, human, and swine influenza viruses - emerged and became enzootic among pig herds in North America during the late 1990s. Methods We report the clinical features of the first 11 sporadic cases of infection of humans with triple-reassortant swine influenza A (H1) viruses reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, occurring from December 2005 through February 2009, until just before the current epidemic of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) among humans. These data were obtained from routine national influenza surveillance reports and from joint case investigations by public and animal health agencies. Results The median age of the 11 patients was 10 years (range, 16 months to 48 years), and 4 had underlying health conditions. Nine of the patients had had exposure to pigs, five through direct contact and four through visits to a location where pigs were present but without contact. In another patient, human-to-human transmission was suspected. The range of the incubation period, from the last known exposure to the onset of symptoms, was 3 to 9 days. Among the 10 patients with known clinical symptoms, symptoms included fever (in 90%), cough (in 100%), headache (in 60%), and diarrhea (in 30%). Complete blood counts were available for four patients, revealing leukopenia in two, lymphopenia in one, and thrombocytopenia in another. Four patients were hospitalized, two of whom underwent invasive mechanical ventilation. Four patients received oseltamivir, and all 11 recovered from their illness. Conclusions From December 2005 until just before the current human epidemic of swine-origin influenza viruses, there was sporadic infection with triple-reassortant swine influenza A (H1) viruses in persons with exposure to pigs in the United States. Although all the patients recovered, severe illness of the lower respiratory tract and unusual influenza signs such as diarrhea were observed in some patients, including those who had been previously healthy. C1 [Shinde, Vivek; Bridges, Carolyn B.; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Shu, Bo; Balish, Amanda; Xu, Xiyan; Lindstrom, Stephen; Gubareva, Larisa V.; Deyde, Varough; Garten, Rebecca J.; Klimov, Alexander; Bresee, Joseph S.; Finelli, Lyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shinde, Vivek; Dufficy, Deborah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shinde, Vivek] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Med Residency Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Harris, Meghan; Quinlisk, Patricia] Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. [Gerber, Susan; Ritger, Kathy] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Vagasky, Susan] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. [Smith, Forrest] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Pascoe, Neal] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Martin, Karen] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Conover, Craig] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. RP Finelli, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lfinelli@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 363 Z9 415 U1 5 U2 20 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 360 IS 25 BP 2616 EP 2625 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0903812 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 458WR UT WOS:000267060000006 PM 19423871 ER PT J AU Van Dyke, MK Phares, CR Lynfield, R Thomas, AR Arnold, KE Craig, AS Mohle-Boetani, J Gershman, K Schaffner, W Petit, S Zansky, SM Morin, CA Spina, NL Wymore, K Harrison, LH Shutt, KA Bareta, J Bulens, SN Zell, ER Stat, M Schuchat, A Schrag, SJ AF Van Dyke, Melissa K. Phares, Christina R. Lynfield, Ruth Thomas, Ann R. Arnold, Kathryn E. Craig, Allen S. Mohle-Boetani, Janet Gershman, Ken Schaffner, William Petit, Susan Zansky, Shelley M. Morin, Craig A. Spina, Nancy L. Wymore, Kathryn Harrison, Lee H. Shutt, Kathleen A. Bareta, Joseph Bulens, Sandra N. Zell, Elizabeth R. Stat, M. Schuchat, Anne Schrag, Stephanie J. TI Evaluation of Universal Antenatal Screening for Group B Streptococcus SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; LABOR SECONDARY; DISEASE; PREVENTION; COLONIZATION; PROPHYLAXIS; ERA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE AB Background Group B streptococcal disease is one of the most common infections in the first week after birth. In 2002, national guidelines recommended universal late antenatal screening of pregnant women for colonization with group B streptococcus to identify candidates for intrapartum chemoprophylaxis. Methods We evaluated the implementation of the guidelines in a multistate, retrospective cohort selected from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance, a 10-state, population-based system that monitors invasive group B streptococcal disease. We abstracted data from the labor and delivery records of a stratified random sample of live births and of all cases in which the newborn had early-onset group B streptococcal disease (i.e., disease in infants <7 days of age) in 2003 and 2004. We compared our results with those from a study with a similar design that evaluated screening practices in 1998 and 1999. Results We abstracted records of 254 births in which the infant had group B streptococcal disease and 7437 births in which the infant did not. The rate of screening for group B streptococcus before delivery increased from 48.1% in 1998-1999 to 85.0% in 2003-2004; the percentage of infants exposed to intrapartum antibiotics increased from 26.8% to 31.7%. Chemoprophylaxis was administered in 87.0% of the women who were positive for group B streptococcus and who delivered at term, but in only 63.4% of women with unknown colonization status who delivered preterm. The overall incidence of early-onset group B streptococcal disease was 0.32 cases per 1000 live births. Preterm infants had a higher incidence of early-onset group B streptococcal disease than did term infants (0.73 vs. 0.26 cases per 1000 live births); however, 74.4% of the cases of group B streptococcal disease (189 of 254) occurred in term infants. Missed screening among mothers who delivered at term accounted for 34 of the 254 cases of group B streptococcal disease (13.4%). A total of 61.4% of the term infants with group B streptococcal disease were born to women who had tested negative for group B streptococcus before delivery. Conclusions Recommendations for universal screening were rapidly adopted. Improved management of preterm deliveries and improved collection, processing, and reporting of culture results may prevent additional cases of early-onset group B streptococcal disease. C1 [Van Dyke, Melissa K.; Phares, Christina R.; Zell, Elizabeth R.; Schrag, Stephanie J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Van Dyke, Melissa K.; Phares, Christina R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lynfield, Ruth; Morin, Craig A.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Thomas, Ann R.] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Arnold, Kathryn E.; Bulens, Sandra N.] Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Craig, Allen S.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Mohle-Boetani, Janet; Wymore, Kathryn] Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. [Gershman, Ken] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Schaffner, William] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Petit, Susan] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. [Zansky, Shelley M.; Spina, Nancy L.] New York State Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Harrison, Lee H.; Shutt, Kathleen A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Bareta, Joseph] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zha6@cdc.gov OI Shutt, Kathleen/0000-0003-3376-6152 NR 37 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 14 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 360 IS 25 BP 2626 EP 2636 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0806820 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 458WR UT WOS:000267060000007 PM 19535801 ER PT J AU Stevens, JA Teh, SL Haileyesus, T AF Stevens, J. A. Teh, S. L. Haileyesus, T. TI Nonfatal Fall-Related Injuries Associated With Dogs and Cats-United States, 2001-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 277-281, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Stevens, J. A.; Teh, S. L.] CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Haileyesus, T.] CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stevens, JA (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 17 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 23 BP 2436 EP 2437 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 458MO UT WOS:000267028100010 ER PT J AU Capewell, S O'Flaherty, M Ford, ES Critchley, JA AF Capewell, Simon O'Flaherty, Martin Ford, Earl S. Critchley, Julia A. TI Potential Reductions in United States Coronary Heart Disease Mortality by Treating More Patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARDIOLOGICAL TREATMENTS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; ELIGIBLE PATIENTS; CARE; QUALITY; ENGLAND; DEATHS; WALES; INTERVENTION AB Approximately one half of the recent decline observed in age-adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates can be attributed to the use of modern medical and surgical interventions. In 2000, however, only about 30% to 60% of eligible patients actually received the appropriate treatment. To examine the reduction in CHD mortality potentially achievable by increasing the provision of specific medical and surgical treatment to eligible patients with CHD in the United States, we integrated the data on CHD patient numbers, medical and surgical treatment uptake levels, and treatment effectiveness using a previously validated CHD policy model. We estimated the number of deaths prevented or postponed for 2000 (baseline) and for an alternative scenario (60% of eligible patients). In 2000, the treatment levels in the United States were generally poor; only 30% to 60% of eligible patients received, the appropriate therapy. These treatments resulted in approximately 159,330 fewer deaths. By treating 60% of eligible patients, 297,470 fewer deaths would have been obtained (minimum 118,360; maximum 628,120), representing 134,635 less than in 2000, with approximately 32% from heart failure therapy, 30% from secondary prevention therapy, 19% from acute coronary syndrome treatment, 15% from primary prevention with statins, 0.5% from hypertension treatment, and 1% from coronary bypass surgery for chronic angina. These findings remained stable in the sensitivity analysis. In conclusion, increasing the proportion of eligible patients with CHD who received the appropriate treatment could have achieved approximately 135,000 fewer deaths in 2000, almost doubling the benefit actually achieved. Future strategies should maximize the delivery of appropriate therapies to all eligible patients with CHD and prioritize medical therapies for secondary prevention and heart failure. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (Am J Cardiol 2009;103:1703-1709) C1 [Capewell, Simon; O'Flaherty, Martin] Univ Liverpool, Dept Publ Hlth, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Ford, Earl S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Critchley, Julia A.] Univ Newcastle, Inst Hlth Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. RP O'Flaherty, M (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Publ Hlth, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM moflaher@liv.ac.uk OI O'Flaherty, Martin/0000-0001-8944-4131 FU Medical Research Council [G0500920] NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206 STE 3, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 12 BP 1703 EP 1709 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.02.036 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 463CS UT WOS:000267407000013 PM 19539079 ER PT J AU MacDonald, LA Cohen, A Baron, S Burchfiel, CM AF MacDonald, Leslie A. Cohen, Alex Baron, Sherry Burchfiel, Cecil M. TI Occupation as Socioeconomic Status or Environmental Exposure? A Survey of Practice Among Population-based Cardiovascular Studies in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cardiovascular diseases; environment and public health; epidemiologic research design; occupations; social class ID NATIONAL-LONGITUDINAL-MORTALITY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN; PSYCHOSOCIAL WORK-ENVIRONMENT; ARTERY RISK DEVELOPMENT; TIME PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; YOUNG-ADULTS CARDIA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; EMPLOYMENT STATUS AB Decisions about how occupation is used in epidemiologic research can affect conclusions about the importance of socioeconomic and environmental factors in explaining disparities for outcomes such as cardiovascular disease. A review of practices in the collection and use of occupational data was conducted among population-based cardiovascular studies in the United States. Studies were identified for review from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website and the biomedical database, Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects, by use of selected criteria. Data collection instruments and study publications were retrieved and reviewed for 30 of 33 studies (91%). Most of the studies (83%) collected at least descriptive occupational data, and more than half (60%) collected data on workplace hazards. The reviewed studies produced 80 publications in which occupational data were used in analyses, most often as an indicator of socioeconomic status. Authors rarely acknowledged known conceptual and empirical links among socioeconomic status, employment stability, and working conditions. Underutilization of data on workplace conditions was found. Existing data could be used more effectively to examine the contribution of work-related social and environmental conditions to the development of modifiable cardiovascular disease through multiple pathways. C1 [MacDonald, Leslie A.; Baron, Sherry] NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Cohen, Alex] Consultant Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Burchfiel, Cecil M.] NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP MacDonald, LA (reprint author), NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM lmacdonald@cdc.gov RI MacDonald, Leslie/D-2201-2014; OI MacDonald, Leslie/0000-0003-3967-534X NR 129 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 12 BP 1411 EP 1421 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp082 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 457SN UT WOS:000266953700001 PM 19429878 ER PT J AU MacDonald, LA Cohen, A Baron, S Burchfiel, CM AF MacDonald, Leslie A. Cohen, Alex Baron, Sherry Burchfiel, Cecil M. TI MacDonald et al. Respond to "Search for Preventable Causes of Cardiovascular Disease" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; WORK-ENVIRONMENT; HEALTH; MORTALITY C1 [MacDonald, Leslie A.] NIOSH, Ind Wide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Cohen, Alex] Consultant Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Burchfiel, Cecil M.] NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. RP MacDonald, LA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ind Wide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM lmacdonald@cdc.gov RI MacDonald, Leslie/D-2201-2014; OI MacDonald, Leslie/0000-0003-3967-534X NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 12 BP 1426 EP 1427 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp080 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 457SN UT WOS:000266953700003 PM 19429880 ER PT J AU Ruder, AM Carreon, T Butler, MA Calvert, GM Davis-King, KE Waters, MA Schulte, PA Mandel, JS Morton, RF Reding, DJ Rosenman, KD AF Ruder, Avima M. Carreon, Tania Butler, Mary Ann Calvert, Geoffrey M. Davis-King, Karen E. Waters, Martha A. Schulte, Paul A. Mandel, Jack S. Morton, Roscoe F. Reding, Douglas J. Rosenman, Kenneth D. CA Brain Canc Collaborative Study Grp TI Exposure to Farm Crops, Livestock, and Farm Tasks and Risk of Glioma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; animals; domestic; brain neoplasms; case-control studies; crops; agricultural; glioma; occupational exposure; pesticides ID UPPER MIDWEST HEALTH; BRAIN CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; ALLERGIC SENSITIZATION; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; HAY-FEVER; ASTHMA; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY AB Some studies of brain cancer have found an excess risk for farmers. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health previously found no increased glioma risk for ever (vs. never) being exposed to pesticides on a farm among 798 cases and 1,175 population-based controls (adult (ages 18-80 years) nonmetropolitan residents of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin). For this analysis (1995-1998), 288 cases and 474 controls (or their proxies) who had lived on farms at age 18 years or after were asked about exposure to crops, livestock, and farm tasks. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios adjusted for age, age group, sex, state, and education. Never immediately washing up (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78, 5.34) or changing clothes (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.04, 7.78) after applying pesticides was associated with increased glioma risk. Living on a farm on which corn, oats, soybeans, or hogs were raised was associated with decreased risk (corn-OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.69; oats-OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40, 1.00; soybeans-OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.98; hogs-OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.93). Negative associations may be due to chance or a "healthy farmer" effect. Farmers' increased risk of glioma may be due to work practices, other activities, or an inverse association with allergies (reported by other investigators). C1 [Ruder, Avima M.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Mandel, Jack S.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Morton, Roscoe F.] Mercy Fdn, Des Moines, IA USA. [Reding, Douglas J.] Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI USA. [Rosenman, Kenneth D.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, Dept Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ruder, AM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-16, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM amr2@cdc.gov RI Carreon, Tania/A-6548-2008; Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Initiative for Cancer Control Projects for Farmers; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NIOSH FX This study was funded in part by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Initiative for Cancer Control Projects for Farmers and in part by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NIOSH operating funds. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 12 BP 1479 EP 1491 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp075 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 457SN UT WOS:000266953700010 PM 19403843 ER PT J AU Sobel, J AF Sobel, Jeremy TI Diagnosis and Treatment of Botulism: A Century Later, Clinical Suspicion Remains the Cornerstone SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES C1 [Sobel, Jeremy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sobel, J (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jsobel@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1674 EP 1675 DI 10.1086/599030 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 450YY UT WOS:000266439100008 PM 19435432 ER PT J AU Chideya, S Winston, CA Peloquin, CA Bradford, WZ Hopewell, PC Wells, CD Reingold, AL Kenyon, TA Moeti, TL Tappero, JW AF Chideya, Sekai Winston, Carla A. Peloquin, Charles A. Bradford, William Z. Hopewell, Philip C. Wells, Charles D. Reingold, Arthur L. Kenyon, Thomas A. Moeti, Themba L. Tappero, Jordan W. TI Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, and Pyrazinamide Pharmacokinetics and Treatment Outcomes among a Predominantly HIV-Infected Cohort of Adults with Tuberculosis from Botswana SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FASTING CONDITIONS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS; ANTACIDS; FOOD; POPULATION; MALABSORPTION; RESISTANCE; THERAPY AB Background. We explored the association between antituberculosis drug pharmacokinetics and treatment outcomes among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Botswana. Methods. Consenting outpatients with tuberculosis had blood samples collected 1, 2, and 6 h after simultaneous isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide ingestion. Maximum serum concentrations (C(max)) and areas under the serum concentration time curve were determined. Clinical status was monitored throughout treatment. Results. Of the 225 participants, 36 (16%) experienced poor treatment outcome ( treatment failure or death); 155 (69%) were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Compared with published standards, low isoniazid C(max) occurred in 84 patients (37%), low rifampin C(max) in 188 (84%), low ethambutol C(max) in 87 (39%), and low pyrazinamide C(max) in 11 (5%). Median rifampin and pyrazinamide levels differed significantly by HIV status and CD4 cell count category. Only pyrazinamide pharmacokinetics were significantly associated with treatment outcome; low pyrazinamide C(max) was associated with a higher risk of documented poor treatment outcome, compared with normal C(max) (50% vs. 16%; P < .01). HIV-infected patients with a CD4 cell count <200 cells/mu L had a higher risk of poor treatment outcome (27%) than did HIV-uninfected patients (11%) or HIV-infected patients with a CD4 cell count >= 200 cells/mu L (12%; P = .01). After adjustment for HIV infection and CD4 cell count, patients with low pyrazinamide C(max) were 3 times more likely than patients with normal pyrazinamide C(max) to have poor outcomes ( adjusted risk ratio, 3.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.84-6.22). Conclusions. Lower than expected antituberculosis drug C(max) occurred frequently, and low pyrazinamide C(max) was associated with poor treatment outcome. Exploring the global prevalence and significance of these findings may suggest modifications in treatment regimens that could improve tuberculosis cure rates. C1 [Chideya, Sekai; Winston, Carla A.; Wells, Charles D.; Kenyon, Thomas A.; Tappero, Jordan W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Peloquin, Charles A.] Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Bradford, William Z.; Hopewell, Philip C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Bradford, William Z.; Reingold, Arthur L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kenyon, Thomas A.; Tappero, Jordan W.] Botswana USA, TB Project, Gaborone, Botswana. [Moeti, Themba L.] Natl TB Programme, Minist Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Chideya, S (reprint author), 452 6th Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11215 USA. EM schideya@health.nyc.gov FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [NIH K08 A134238, NIH R01 A134238, NIH D43 TW00003-14, NIH R01 AI37845]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX National Institutes of Health (NIH; NIH K08 A134238, NIH R01 A134238, NIH D43 TW00003-14, and NIH R01 AI37845) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 34 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1685 EP 1694 DI 10.1086/599040 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 450YY UT WOS:000266439100010 PM 19432554 ER PT J AU Janvilisri, T Scaria, J Thompson, AD Nicholson, A Limbago, BM Arroyo, LG Songer, JG Grohn, YT Chang, YF AF Janvilisri, Tavan Scaria, Joy Thompson, Angela D. Nicholson, Ainsley Limbago, Brandi M. Arroyo, Luis G. Songer, J. Glenn Groehn, Yrjoe T. Chang, Yung-Fu TI Microarray Identification of Clostridium difficile Core Components and Divergent Regions Associated with Host Origin SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINARY TOXIN; STRAINS; BACTERIA; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC AB Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming enteric anaerobe which can infect humans and a wide variety of animal species. Recently, the incidence and severity of human C. difficile infection has markedly increased. In this study, we evaluated the genomic content of 73 C. difficile strains isolated from humans, horses, cattle, and pigs by comparative genomic hybridization with microarrays containing coding sequences from C. difficile strains 630 and QCD-32g58. The sequenced genome of C. difficile strain 630 was used as a reference to define a candidate core genome of C. difficile and to explore correlations between host origins and genetic diversity. Approximately 16% of the genes in strain 630 were highly conserved among all strains, representing the core complement of functional genes defining C. difficile. Absent or divergent genes in the tested strains were distributed across the entire C. difficile 630 genome and across all the predicted functional categories. Interestingly, certain genes were conserved among strains from a specific host species, but divergent in isolates with other host origins. This information provides insight into the genomic changes which might contribute to host adaptation. Due to a high degree of divergence among C. difficile strains, a core gene list from this study offers the first step toward the construction of diagnostic arrays for C. difficile. C1 [Janvilisri, Tavan; Scaria, Joy; Groehn, Yrjoe T.; Chang, Yung-Fu] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thompson, Angela D.; Nicholson, Ainsley; Limbago, Brandi M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Arroyo, Luis G.] Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Clin Studies, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Songer, J. Glenn] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Janvilisri, Tavan] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Chang, YF (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM yc42@cornell.edu RI Scaria, Joy/E-1828-2011 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Department of Health and Human Services [N01-AI-30054, ZC005-06] FX This project was supported with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract N01-AI-30054, project no. ZC005-06.; We thank Dale Gerding and Andre Dascal for providing us with C. difficile strains 630 and 32g58, respectively. We thank L. Clifford McDonald and Michael J. Stanhope for helpful discussion. NR 49 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 191 IS 12 BP 3881 EP 3891 DI 10.1128/JB.00222-09 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 451ET UT WOS:000266454200013 PM 19376880 ER PT J AU Briand, S Fukuda, K AF Briand, Sylvie Fukuda, Keiji TI Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus and 2 Fundamental Questions SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Briand, Sylvie; Fukuda, Keiji] World Hlth Org, Hlth & Environm Cluster, Global Influenza Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Fukuda, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fukudak@who.int NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 12 BP 1717 EP 1719 DI 10.1086/599209 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 448BM UT WOS:000266236500001 PM 19416077 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Liao, QH Dong, LB Huai, Y Bai, T Xiang, NJ Shu, YL Liu, W Wang, SW Qin, PZ Wang, M Xing, XS Lv, J Chen, RY Feng, ZJ Yang, WZ Uyeki, TM Yu, HJ AF Zhou, Lei Liao, Qiaohong Dong, Libo Huai, Yang Bai, Tian Xiang, Nijuan Shu, Yuelong Liu, Wei Wang, Shiwen Qin, Pengzhe Wang, Min Xing, Xuesen Lv, Jun Chen, Ray Y. Feng, Zijian Yang, Weizhong Uyeki, Timothy M. Yu, Hongjie TI Risk Factors for Human Illness with Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Infection in China SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; HONG-KONG; POULTRY; DUCKS; ASIA; MARKETS; VACCINATION; EVOLUTION; CHICKENS; BIRDS AB Background. In China, 30 human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection were identified through July 2008. We conducted a retrospective case-control study to identify risk factors for influenza H5N1 disease in China. Methods. A questionnaire about potential influenza H5N1 exposures was administered to 28 patients with influenza H5N1 and to 134 randomly selected control subjects matched by age, sex, and location or to proxies. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed. Results. Before their illness, patients living in urban areas had visited wet poultry markets, and patients living in rural areas had exposure to sick or dead backyard poultry. In multivariable analyses, independent risk factors for influenza H5N1 were direct contact with sick or dead poultry (odds ratio [OR], 506.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 15.7-16319.6]; P < .001), indirect exposure to sick or dead poultry (OR, 56.9 [95% CI, 4.3-745.6]; P = .002), and visiting a wet poultry market (OR, 15.4 [95% CI, 3.0-80.2]; P = .001). Conclusions. To prevent human influenza H5N1 in China, the level of education about avoiding direct or close exposures to sick or dead poultry should be increased, and interventions to prevent the spread of influenza H5N1 at live poultry markets should be implemented. C1 [Zhou, Lei; Liao, Qiaohong; Huai, Yang; Xiang, Nijuan; Feng, Zijian; Yang, Weizhong; Yu, Hongjie] Peking Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent,Off Dis Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Dong, Libo; Bai, Tian; Shu, Yuelong; Wang, Shiwen; Wang, Min] Peking Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent,State Key L, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Lv, Jun] Peking Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Liu, Wei] Wuhan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Liu, Wei] Hubei Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Qin, Pengzhe] Guangzhou Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Chen, Ray Y.] NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yu, HJ (reprint author), China CDC, Off Dis Control & Emergency Response, 27 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM yuhj@chinacdc.cn OI Chen, Ray/0000-0001-6344-1442 FU US National Institutes of Health [U19 AI51915]; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China [2004BA519A17, 2004BA519A71, 2006BAD06A02] FX US National Institutes of Health (Comprehensive International Program for Research on AIDS grant U19 AI51915); Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2004BA519A17, 2004BA519A71 and 2006BAD06A02). NR 44 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 17 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 12 BP 1726 EP 1734 DI 10.1086/599206 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 448BM UT WOS:000266236500004 PM 19416076 ER PT J AU Vong, S Ly, S Van Kerkhove, MD Achenbach, J Holl, D Buchy, P Sorn, S Seng, H Uyeki, TM Sok, T Katz, JM AF Vong, Sirenda Ly, Sowath Van Kerkhove, Maria D. Achenbach, Jenna Holl, Davun Buchy, Philippe Sorn, San Seng, Heng Uyeki, Timothy M. Sok, Touch Katz, Jacqueline M. TI Risk Factors Associated with Subclinical Human Infection with Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus-Cambodia, 2006 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Bangkok International Conference on Avian Influenza CY JAN 23-25, 2008 CL Bangkok, THAILAND ID LOW-FREQUENCY; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; ANTIBODY; WORKERS; SITES AB Background. We conducted investigations in 2 villages in Cambodia where outbreaks of influenza H5N1 occurred among humans and poultry to determine the frequency of and risk factors for H5N1 virus transmission. Methods. During May 2006, similar to 7 weeks after outbreaks of influenza H5N1 among poultry occurred, villagers living near households of 2 patients with influenza H5N1 were interviewed about potential H5N1 exposures and had blood samples obtained for H5N1 serological testing by microneutralization assay. A seropositive result was defined as an influenza H5N1 neutralizing antibody titer of >= 1:80, with confirmation by Western blot assay. A case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for influenza H5N1 virus infection. Control subjects, who had seronegative results of tests, were matched with H5N1-seropositive persons by village residence, households with an influenza H5N1-infected poultry flock, sex, and age. Results. Seven (1.0%) of 674 villagers tested seropositive for influenza H5N1 antibodies and did not report severe illness; 6 (85.7%) were male. The 7 H5N1-seropositive persons, all of whom were aged <= 18 years, were younger than participants who tested seronegative for H5N1 antibodies (median age, 12.0 years vs. 27.4 years; P = .03) and were more likely than were the 24 control subjects to report bathing or swimming in household ponds (71.4% vs. 20.8%; matched odds ratio, 11.3; P = .03). Conclusions. Avian-to-human transmission of influenza H5N1 virus remains low, despite extensive poultry contact. Exposure to a potentially contaminated environment was a risk factor for human infection. C1 [Vong, Sirenda; Ly, Sowath; Van Kerkhove, Maria D.; Buchy, Philippe] Inst Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Holl, Davun; Sorn, San] Minist Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Seng, Heng; Sok, Touch] Minist Hlth, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Achenbach, Jenna; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Katz, Jacqueline M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vong, S (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, 5 Blvd Monivong,POB 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. EM svong@pasteur-kh.org NR 35 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 12 BP 1744 EP 1752 DI 10.1086/599208 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 448BM UT WOS:000266236500006 PM 19416078 ER PT J AU Duffy, MR Chen, TH Hancock, WT Powers, AM Kool, JL Lanciotti, RS Pretrick, M Marfel, M Holzbauer, S Dubray, C Guillaumot, L Griggs, A Bel, M Lambert, AJ Laven, J Kosoy, O Panella, A Biggerstaff, BJ Fischer, M Hayes, EB AF Duffy, Mark R. Chen, Tai-Ho Hancock, W. Thane Powers, Ann M. Kool, Jacob L. Lanciotti, Robert S. Pretrick, Moses Marfel, Maria Holzbauer, Stacey Dubray, Christine Guillaumot, Laurent Griggs, Anne Bel, Martin Lambert, Amy J. Laven, Janeen Kosoy, Olga Panella, Amanda Biggerstaff, Brad J. Fischer, Marc Hayes, Edward B. TI Zika Virus Outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ORIGINAL ANTIGENIC SIN; YELLOW-FEVER; INFECTIONS; NIGERIA; EPIDEMIC; ANTIBODIES; DENGUE; ENCEPHALITIS AB BACKGROUND In 2007, physicians on Yap Island reported an outbreak of illness characterized by rash, conjunctivitis, and arthralgia. Although serum from some patients had IgM antibody against dengue virus, the illness seemed clinically distinct from previously detected dengue. Subsequent testing with the use of consensus primers detected Zika virus RNA in the serum of the patients but no dengue virus or other arboviral RNA. No previous outbreaks and only 14 cases of Zika virus disease have been previously documented. METHODS We obtained serum samples from patients and interviewed patients for information on clinical signs and symptoms. Zika virus disease was confirmed by a finding of Zika virus RNA or a specific neutralizing antibody response to Zika virus in the serum. Patients with IgM antibody against Zika virus who had a potentially cross-reactive neutralizing-antibody response were classified as having probable Zika virus disease. We conducted a household survey to estimate the proportion of Yap residents with IgM antibody against Zika virus and to identify possible mosquito vectors of Zika virus. RESULTS We identified 49 confirmed and 59 probable cases of Zika virus disease. The patients resided in 9 of the 10 municipalities on Yap. Rash, fever, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis were common symptoms. No hospitalizations, hemorrhagic manifestations, or deaths due to Zika virus were reported. We estimated that 73% (95% confidence interval, 68 to 77) of Yap residents 3 years of age or older had been recently infected with Zika virus. Aedes hensilli was the predominant mosquito species identified. CONCLUSIONS This outbreak of Zika virus illness in Micronesia represents transmission of Zika virus outside Africa and Asia. Although most patients had mild illness, clinicians and public health officials should be aware of the risk of further expansion of Zika virus transmission. C1 [Fischer, Marc] CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Chen, Tai-Ho; Holzbauer, Stacey; Dubray, Christine] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv Field Assignments Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hancock, W. Thane; Bel, Martin] Waab Community Hlth Ctr, Yap, Micronesia. [Marfel, Maria] Yap State Dept Hlth Serv, Yap, Micronesia. [Kool, Jacob L.] WHO, Off S Pacific, Suva, Fiji. [Pretrick, Moses] Dept Hlth Educ & Social Affairs, Ponape, Micronesia. [Guillaumot, Laurent] Inst Pasteur, Noumea, New Caledonia. RP Fischer, M (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Arboviral Dis Branch, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM mfischer@cdc.gov RI Franco-Hurtado, Fernando/E-5599-2017; OI Franco-Hurtado, Fernando/0000-0001-5775-0150; Kool, Jacob/0000-0002-9605-2918 NR 36 TC 554 Z9 603 U1 237 U2 533 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 11 PY 2009 VL 360 IS 24 BP 2536 EP 2543 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0805715 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 456BS UT WOS:000266813800008 PM 19516034 ER PT J CA Ctr Dis Control Prevention TI Update: Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infections-Worldwide, May 6, 2009 (Reprinted from MMWR., vol 58, pg 453-458, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID OUTBREAK C1 WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Ctr Dis Control Prevention] CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Emergency Response Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 22 BP 2319 EP 2321 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 455OT UT WOS:000266773400009 ER PT J AU Masur, H Kaplan, JE AF Masur, Henry Kaplan, Jonathan E. TI New Guidelines for the Management of HIV-Related Opportunistic Infections SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID RECOMMENDATIONS C1 [Masur, Henry] NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kaplan, Jonathan E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Masur, H (reprint author), NIH, Ctr Clin, 10 Ctr Dr,Bldg 10,Room 2C145, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hmasur@nih.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 22 BP 2378 EP 2380 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 455OT UT WOS:000266773400031 PM 19509385 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA AF Mensah, George A. TI Fantastic Voyage Through Cardiology: From 1969 to 2008 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; CORONARY; DISEASE; PREVENTION; MORTALITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-40,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GMensah@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD JUN 9 PY 2009 VL 53 IS 23 BP 2197 EP 2197 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.077 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 452VB UT WOS:000266568200012 PM 19497449 ER PT J AU Hilborne, LH Lubin, IM Scheuner, MT AF Hilborne, Lee H. Lubin, Ira M. Scheuner, Maren T. TI The beginning of the second decade of the era of patient safety: Implications and roles for the clinical laboratory and laboratory professionals SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Laboratory Medicine - Errors on Medicine, Laboratory Performances and Patient Safety CY OCT 22-23, 2008 CL Padova, ITALY DE Patient safety; Clinical laboratory; Total genetic testing process; Medical genetics; Multidisciplinary teams; Information technology ID QUALITY INDICATORS; PRIMARY-CARE; ERRORS; PERSPECTIVES; MEDICINE; CANCER AB Providing high quality, effective laboratory services is not new to the laboratory profession. The laboratory began examining its analytical quality in the 1920s when the American Society of Clinical Pathologists (ASCP) began a voluntary proficiency testing (PT) program with that was the predecessor of the College of American Pathologist's current PT program. The program focuses primarily on analytic quality, 1 of the 3 phases of what has become known as the "total testing process," a cyclical process conceptualized by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) that provides a framework for assessing quality of laboratory services. Laboratory testing is particularly essential in the practice of medical genetics. The translation of human genomic research into clinical practice has resulted in a rapidly expanding portfolio of DNA-based tests for heritable conditions and markers of drug metabolism. This creates an opportunity for laboratory professionals with genetic training but also brings with it a threat to the quality of care that might result from inappropriate use of unfamiliar, costly and inappropriate testing. As for conventional laboratory tests, there is the need to identify and control all phases of the "total genetic testing process." An agenda for the second decade of the era of patient safety must be developed and here we offer a few key areas for practice improvement in laboratory medicine. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hilborne, Lee H.; Scheuner, Maren T.] RAND Corp, Global Hlth, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. [Hilborne, Lee H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hilborne, Lee H.] Quest Diagnost, Canoga Pk, CA USA. [Lubin, Ira M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hilborne, LH (reprint author), RAND Corp, Global Hlth, 1776 Main St,Mail Stop M4W, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. EM leeh@rand.org NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD JUN 6 PY 2009 VL 404 IS 1 BP 24 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2009.03.011 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 458HF UT WOS:000267005800006 PM 19298800 ER PT J AU Reza, A Breiding, MJ Gulaid, J Mercy, JA Blanton, C Mthethwa, Z Bamrah, S Dahlberg, LL Anderson, M AF Reza, Avid Breiding, Matthew J. Gulaid, Jama Mercy, James A. Blanton, Curtis Mthethwa, Zodwa Bamrah, Sapna Dahlberg, Lind L. Anderson, Mark TI Sexual violence and its health consequences for female children in Swaziland: a cluster survey study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AFRICA; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; ABUSE; BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION; PROGRAMS; YOUTH AB Background Despite concern, few studies have been done about sexual violence against girls younger than 18 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. We report the prevalence and circumstances of sexual violence in girls in Swaziland, and assess the negative health consequences. Methods We obtained data from a nationally representative sample of girls and women aged 13-24 years from selected households in Swaziland between May 15, 2007, and June 16, 2007, with a two-stage cluster design. The questionnaire examined demographics, type of sexual violence that took place before the respondent was 18 years of age, circumstances of the incident, and health-related conditions. Information was gathered from 1244 women and girls (response rate 96.3%), of whom 1242 provided retrospective responses to questions about sexual violence. We used regression models adjusted for relevant demographics to estimate the odds ratios for the associations between sexual violence and health-related conditions. Findings 33.2% (95% CI 29.9-36.7) of respondents reported an incident of sexual violence before they reached 18 years of age. The most common perpetrators of the first incident were men or boys from the respondent's neighbourhood (32.3% [28.8-36.1]) and boyfriends or husbands (26.2% [22.2-30.7]). The first incident most often took place in the respondent's own home (26.1% [21.6-31.2]). Sexual violence was associated with reported lifetime experience of sexually transmitted diseases (adjusted OR 3.69 [95% CI 1.78-7.66]), pregnancy complications or miscarriages (3.54 [1.47-8.55]), unwanted pregnancy (2.92 [1.87-4.55]), and self-report of feeling depressed (2.30 [1.70-3.11]). Interpretation Knowledge of the high prevalence of sexual violence against girls in Swaziland and its associated serious health-related conditions and behaviours should be used to develop effective prevention strategies. C1 [Reza, Avid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gulaid, Jama; Mthethwa, Zodwa] UNICEF, Mbabane, Swaziland. RP Reza, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM afr6@cdc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We thank the survey participants who openly shared their experience of violence in the hopes that this information would ultimately help to prevent violence. and the field team members who took great care in interviewing children and youth oil the sensitive topic of violence and always placed the privacy and safety of the participants first. We thank Nonhlanhla Dlamini for her expertise and logistical support in conducting the training and survey, and Nonhlanhla Hleta-Nkambule, Tizie Maphalala, Allies Zwane and the Central statistics office, Thomas Simon, Rachel Jewkes, Kathleen C Basile, Lynn Jenkins, Michele Lynberg, Susan Settergren, George T Bicego, Basia Tomczyk, Diane M Hall, and Stacy De Jesus for their crucial input. We also thank Yuko Kusamichi and Michael Gerber for providing logistical support, and Kristin Becknell for undertaking the background literature search. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention contributed funding indirectly by covering the travel cost and salaries of its staff. NR 33 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 6 PY 2009 VL 373 IS 9679 BP 1966 EP 1972 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60247-6 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 456GT UT WOS:000266832500031 PM 19428100 ER PT J AU Bulterys, M Vermund, SH Chen, RY Ou, CY AF Bulterys, Marc Vermund, Sten H. Chen, Ray Y. Ou, Chin-Yih TI A public health approach to rapid scale-up of free antiretroviral treatment in China: an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure SO CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; China; human immunodeficiency virus; drug resistance; universal access ID FORMER PLASMA DONORS; SOUTH-AFRICA; CARE-SYSTEM; HIV; THERAPY; MORTALITY; HIV/AIDS; CHALLENGES; ADHERENCE; RISK C1 [Bulterys, Marc; Ou, Chin-Yih] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program China Off, Beijing 100600, Peoples R China. [Bulterys, Marc; Ou, Chin-Yih] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vermund, Sten H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Inst Global Hlth, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Vermund, Sten H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Chen, Ray Y.] NIAID, US Embassy Beijing, Natl Inst Hlth, Beijing 100600, Peoples R China. RP Bulterys, M (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program China Off, Beijing 100600, Peoples R China. EM bulterys@cn.cdc.gov OI Chen, Ray/0000-0001-6344-1442; Vermund, Sten/0000-0001-7289-8698 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI054999] NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHINESE MEDICAL ASSOC PI BEIJING PA 42 DONGSI XIDAJIE, BEIJING 100710, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0366-6999 J9 CHINESE MED J-PEKING JI Chin. Med. J. PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 122 IS 11 BP 1352 EP 1355 DI 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.2009.11.021 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 459JC UT WOS:000267097000021 PM 19567150 ER PT J AU Liu, YC Weinberg, MS Ortega, LS Painter, JA Maloney, SA AF Liu, Yecai Weinberg, Michelle S. Ortega, Luis S. Painter, John A. Maloney, Susan A. TI Overseas Screening for Tuberculosis in US-Bound Immigrants and Refugees SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIOUS TUBERCULOSIS; CONTACT INVESTIGATIONS; CALIFORNIA; COUNTY; OUTCOMES; TRENDS AB BACKGROUND In 2007, a total of 57.8% of the 13,293 new cases of tuberculosis in the United States were diagnosed in foreign-born persons, and the tuberculosis rate among foreign-born persons was 9.8 times as high as that among U.S.-born persons (20.6 vs. 2.1 cases per 100,000 population). Annual arrivals of approximately 400,000 immigrants and 50,000 to 70,000 refugees from overseas are likely to contribute substantially to the tuberculosis burden among foreign-born persons in the United States. METHODS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collects information on overseas screening for tuberculosis among U. S.- bound immigrants and refugees, along with follow-up evaluation after their arrival in the United States. We analyzed screening and follow-up data from the CDC to study the epidemiology of tuberculosis in these populations. RESULTS From 1999 through 2005, a total of 26,075 smear-negative cases of tuberculosis (i.e., cases in which a chest radiograph was suggestive of active tuberculosis but sputum smears were negative for acid-fast bacilli on 3 consecutive days) and 22,716 cases of inactive tuberculosis (i.e., cases in which a chest radiograph was suggestive of tuberculosis that was no longer clinically active) were diagnosed by overseas medical screening of 2,714,223 U. S.- bound immigrants, representing prevalences of 961 cases per 100,000 persons (95% confidence interval [CI], 949 to 973) and 837 cases per 100,000 persons (95% CI, 826 to 848), respectively. Among 378,506 U.S.bound refugees, smear-negative tuberculosis was diagnosed in 3923 and inactive tuberculosis in 10,743, representing prevalences of 1036 cases per 100,000 persons (95% CI, 1004 to 1068) and 2838 cases per 100,000 persons (95% CI, 2785 to 2891), respectively. Active pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in the United States in 7.0% of immigrants and refugees with an overseas diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis and in 1.6% of those with an overseas diagnosis of inactive tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS Overseas screening for tuberculosis with follow-up evaluation after arrival in the United States is a high-yield intervention for identifying tuberculosis in U. S.- bound immigrants and refugees and could reduce the number of tuberculosis cases among foreign-born persons in the United States. C1 [Liu, Yecai; Weinberg, Michelle S.; Ortega, Luis S.; Painter, John A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Maloney, Susan A.] CDC Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Liu, YC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yliu@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 9 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 4 PY 2009 VL 360 IS 23 BP 2406 EP 2415 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0809497 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 453DN UT WOS:000266590500006 PM 19494216 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Gambrell, D Shin, M Honein, MA Mathews, TJ AF Boulet, S. L. Gambrell, D. Shin, M. Honein, M. A. Mathews, T. J. TI Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Birth Prevalence of Spina Bifida-United States, 1995-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1409-1413, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; RACE/ETHNICITY C1 [Mathews, T. J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 21 BP 2203 EP 2204 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 452PQ UT WOS:000266554100008 ER PT J AU Cohen, BB Zhang, Z Nannini, A Farr, SL Anderson, JE Jamieson, DJ Macaluso, M Tepper, NK AF Cohen, B. B. Zhang, Z. Nannini, A. Farr, S. L. Anderson, J. E. Jamieson, D. J. Macaluso, M. Tepper, N. K. TI Assisted Reproductive Technology and Trends in Low Birthweight-Massachusetts, 1997-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 49-52, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Cohen, B. B.; Zhang, Z.; Nannini, A.] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Farr, S. L.; Anderson, J. E.; Jamieson, D. J.; Macaluso, M.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Tepper, N. K.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cohen, BB (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 21 BP 2205 EP 2206 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 452PQ UT WOS:000266554100010 ER PT J AU Tongren, JE Sites, A Zwicker, K Pelletier, A AF Tongren, Jon Eric Sites, Anne Zwicker, Katharyn Pelletier, Andrew TI Firearm Use in G- and PG-Rated Movies, 2003-2007 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Tongren, Jon Eric] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sites, Anne; Zwicker, Katharyn] Maine Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Augusta, GA USA. [Pelletier, Andrew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tongren, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jjt9@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 21 BP 2213 EP 2214 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 452PQ UT WOS:000266554100018 PM 19491182 ER PT J AU Patel, M Pedreira, C De Oliveira, LH Tate, J Orozco, M Mercado, J Gonzalez, A Malespin, O Amador, JJ Umana, J Balmaseda, A Perez, MC Gentsch, J Kerin, T Hull, J Mijatovic, S Andrus, J Parashar, U AF Patel, Manish Pedreira, Cristina De Oliveira, Lucia Helena Tate, Jacqueline Orozco, Maribel Mercado, Juan Gonzalez, Alcides Malespin, Omar Amador, Juan Jose Umana, Jazmina Balmaseda, Angel Perez, Maria Celina Gentsch, Jon Kerin, Tara Hull, Jennifer Mijatovic, Slavica Andrus, Jon Parashar, Umesh TI Association Between Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine and Severe Rotavirus Diarrhea Among Children in Nicaragua SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CHOLERA VACCINE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CVD 103-HGR; NEW-DELHI; REASSORTANT; EFFICACY; INFANTS; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Context Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5), a live, oral attenuated vaccine, prevented 98% of severe rotavirus diarrhea in a trial conducted mainly in Finland and the United States. Nicaragua introduced RV5 in 2006, providing the first opportunity to assess the association between vaccination and rotavirus disease in a developing country. Objective To assess the association between RV5 vaccination and subsequent rotavirus diarrhea requiring overnight admission or intravenous hydration. Design, Setting, and Participants Case-control evaluation in 4 hospitals in Nicaragua from June 2007 to June 2008. Cases were children age-eligible to receive RV5 who were admitted or required intravenous hydration for laboratory-confirmed rotavirus diarrhea. For each case (n=285), 1 to 3 neighborhood (n=840) and hospital (n=690) controls were selected. Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome was the association of RV5 and rotavirus diarrhea requiring overnight admission or intravenous hydration in the emergency department. Secondary analysis further classified disease as severe and very severe. We computed the matched odds ratio of vaccination in cases vs controls. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated using the formula 1-matched odds ratio x 100%. Results Of the 285 rotavirus cases, 265 (93%) required hospitalization; 251 (88%) received intravenous hydration. A single rotavirus strain (G2P[ 4]) was identified in 88% of the cases. Among cases and controls, respectively, 18% and 12% were unvaccinated, 12% and 15% received 1 dose of RV5, 15% and 17% received 2 doses, and 55% and 57% received 3 doses. Vaccination with 3 doses was associated with a lower risk of rotavirus diarrhea requiring overnight admission or intravenous hydration (odds ratio [OR], 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.82). Of the 285 rotavirus cases, 191 (67%) were severe and 54 (19%) were very severe. A progressively lower risk of severe (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.26-0.70) and very severe rotavirus diarrhea (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08-0.61) was observed after RV5 vaccination. Thus, effectiveness of 3 doses of RV5 against rotavirus disease requiring admission or treatment with intravenous hydration was 46% (95% CI, 18%-64%); against severe rotavirus diarrhea, 58% ( 95% CI, 30%-74%); and against very severe rotavirus diarrhea, 77% (95% CI, 39%-92%). Conclusion Vaccination with RV5 was associated with a lower risk of severe rotavirus diarrhea in children younger than 2 years in Nicaragua but to a lesser extent than that seen in clinical trials in industrialized countries. JAMA. 2009;301(21):2243-2251 www.jama.com C1 [Patel, Manish] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Pedreira, Cristina] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Managua, Nicaragua. [De Oliveira, Lucia Helena; Andrus, Jon] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. [Orozco, Maribel; Mercado, Juan; Gonzalez, Alcides; Malespin, Omar; Umana, Jazmina; Balmaseda, Angel; Perez, Maria Celina] Minist Salud, Managua, Nicaragua. [Amador, Juan Jose] Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Managua, Nicaragua. RP Patel, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, MS A47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aul3@cdc.gov FU Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization FX This study was conducted under a collaborative arrangement with the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health and was funded in part by the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. NR 40 TC 170 Z9 173 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 21 BP 2243 EP 2251 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 452PQ UT WOS:000266554100022 PM 19491186 ER PT J AU Mercy, JA Saul, J AF Mercy, James A. Saul, Janet TI Creating a Healthier Future Through Early Interventions for Children SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOLLOW-UP; PREVENTION; FAMILIES; TRIAL C1 [Mercy, James A.; Saul, Janet] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mercy, JA (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Mailstop K60,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jam2@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 21 BP 2262 EP 2264 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 452PQ UT WOS:000266554100025 PM 19491188 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Cheng, YJ Thompson, TJ Imperatore, G Gregg, EW AF Kahn, Henry S. Cheng, Yiling J. Thompson, Theodore J. Imperatore, Giuseppina Gregg, Edward W. TI Two Risk-Scoring Systems for Predicting Incident Diabetes Mellitus in US Adults Age 45 to 64 Years SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; FOLLOW-UP; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; OLDER-ADULTS; IDENTIFYING INDIVIDUALS AB Background: Simple prediction scores could help identify adults at high risk for diabetes. Objective: To derive and validate scoring systems by using longitudinal data from a study that repeatedly tested for incident diabetes. Design: Prospective cohort, divided into derivation and validation samples. Setting: The ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study, which followed participants for 14.9 years beginning in 1987 to 1989. Participants: 12 729 U. S. adults (baseline age, 45 to 64 years; 22.8% black). Follow-up was 96.1% at 5 years and 72.2% at 10 years. Measurements: Anthropometry, blood pressure, and pulse (basic system) plus a fasting blood specimen assayed for common analytes (enhanced system). Diabetes was identified in 18.9% of participants. Risk score integer points were derived from proportional hazard coefficients associated with baseline categorical variables and quintiles of continuous variables. Results: The basic scoring system included waist circumference (10 to 35 points); maternal diabetes (13 points); hypertension (11 points); and paternal diabetes, short stature, black race, age 55 years or older, increased weight, rapid pulse, and smoking history (<= 8 points each). The enhanced system included glucose (6 to 28 points); waist circumference (5 to 21 points); maternal diabetes (8 points); and triglycerides, black race, paternal diabetes, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, short stature, high uric acid, age 55 years or older, hypertension, rapid pulse, and nonuse of alcohol (<= 7 points each). When applied to the validation sample, ascending quintiles of the basic system were associated with a 10-year incidence of diabetes of 5.3%, 8.7%, 15.5%, 24.5%, and 33.0%, respectively. Quintiles of the enhanced system were associated with a 10-year incidence of 3.5%, 6.4%, 11.5%, 19.3%, and 46.1%. Limitations: The risk scoring systems had no question regarding previous gestational diabetes, and knowledge of parental diabetes may be uncertain. The analyzed cohort was restricted by age and race; the systems may be less effective in other samples. Conclusion: Basic information identified adults at high risk for diabetes. Additional data from fasting blood tests better identified those at extreme risk. C1 [Kahn, Henry S.; Cheng, Yiling J.; Thompson, Theodore J.; Imperatore, Giuseppina; Gregg, Edward W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kahn, HS (reprint author), CDC, Mail Stop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hkahn@cdc.gov OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX By the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 73 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 2 PY 2009 VL 150 IS 11 BP 741 EP W134 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 452HC UT WOS:000266530000001 PM 19487709 ER PT J AU Mohamed, MR Rahman, MM Lanchbury, JS Shattuck, D Neff, C Dufford, M van Buuren, N Fagan, K Barry, M Smith, S Damon, I McFadden, G AF Mohamed, R. Mohamed Rahman, Masmudur M. Lanchbury, Jerry S. Shattuck, Donna Neff, Chris Dufford, Max van Buuren, Nick Fagan, Katharine Barry, Michele Smith, Scott Damon, Inger McFadden, Grant TI Proteomic screening of variola virus reveals a unique NF-kappa B inhibitor that is highly conserved among pathogenic orthopoxviruses SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ankyrin repeats; Skp1; yeast 2-hybrid ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; ANKYRIN REPEAT PROTEINS; F-BOX PROTEINS; IMMUNE EVASION; VACCINIA VIRUS; UBIQUITIN LIGASE; BINDING-PROTEIN; MYXOMA-VIRUS; S-PHASE; SYSTEM AB Identification of the binary interactions between viral and host proteins has become a valuable tool for investigating viral tropism and pathogenesis. Here, we present the first systematic protein interaction screening of the unique variola virus proteome by using yeast 2-hybrid screening against a variety of human cDNA libraries. Several protein-protein interactions were identified, including an interaction between variola G1R, an ankryin/F-box containing protein, and human nuclear factor kappa-B1 (NF-kappa B1)/p105. This represents the first direct interaction between a pathogen-encoded protein and NF-kappa B1/p105. Orthologs of G1R are present in a variety of pathogenic orthopoxviruses, but not in vaccinia virus, and expression of any one of these viral proteins blocks NF-kappa B signaling in human cells. Thus, proteomic screening of variola virus has the potential to uncover modulators of the human innate antiviral responses. C1 [Mohamed, R. Mohamed; Rahman, Masmudur M.; McFadden, Grant] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Lanchbury, Jerry S.; Shattuck, Donna; Neff, Chris; Dufford, Max] Myriad Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [van Buuren, Nick; Fagan, Katharine; Barry, Michele] Univ Alberta, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. [Smith, Scott; Damon, Inger] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Smallpox & Other, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McFadden, G (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM grantmcf@ufl.edu FU Myriad Genetics, Inc [DHHSN266200400057C] FX We thank Dr. Richard Moyer for providing cowpox DNA and Dr. Klaus Frueh for providing monkeypox DNA. This work was supported by contract DHHSN266200400057C to Myriad Genetics, Inc. NR 51 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 2 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 22 BP 9045 EP 9050 DI 10.1073/pnas.0900452106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 452ZU UT WOS:000266580500049 PM 19451633 ER PT J AU McClave, AK Dube, SR Strine, TW Kroenke, K Caraballo, RS Mokdad, AH AF McClave, Annette K. Dube, Shanta R. Strine, Tara W. Kroenke, Kurt Caraballo, Ralph S. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Associations between smoking cessation and anxiety and depression among US adults SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article DE Smoking; Depression; Anxiety; Smoking cessation; PHQ-8; BRFSS ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MAJOR DEPRESSION; UNITED-STATES; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PRIMARY-CARE; PREVALENCE; PHQ-9; POPULATION AB Many studies have shown a relationship between smoking and depression. However, few studies have examined the association between current depression and smoking and even fewer used large cross-sectional data to support these findings. Using the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (n = 248,800), we compared rates of lifetime depression, lifetime anxiety. current depression, and current depressive symptoms among smokers who unsuccessfully attempted to quit (unsuccessful quitters), former smokers (successful quitters), and smokers who made no attempts to quit (non-quitters). Unsuccessful quitters experienced more lifetime depression and anxiety than non-quitters (OR = 1.2: 95% CI, 1.0-1.4), whereas successful quitters experienced less (OR=0.7, 95% CI, 0.6-0.8). Current depression prevalence was 14.3% among non-quitters, 18.8% among unsuccessful quitters, and 8.0% among successful quitters. On average, unsuccessful quitters also experienced more days of depressive symptoms during the previous month than either non-quitters or successful quitters. Our results suggest that smokers who attempt to quit unsuccessfully may experience lifetime depression as well as current depression at a higher rate than other smokers and former smokers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McClave, Annette K.; Dube, Shanta R.; Caraballo, Ralph S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Strine, Tara W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kroenke, Kurt] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McClave, AK (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM AMcClave@cdc.gov OI Regan, Annette/0000-0002-3879-6193 NR 58 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 EI 1873-6327 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD JUN-JUL PY 2009 VL 34 IS 6-7 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.01.005 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 455DU UT WOS:000266738400001 PM 19217720 ER PT J AU Chin-Hong, PV Husnik, M Cranston, RD Colfax, G Buchbinder, S Da Costa, M Darragh, T Jones, D Judson, F Koblin, B Mayer, KH Palefsky, JM AF Chin-Hong, Peter V. Husnik, Marla Cranston, Ross D. Colfax, Grant Buchbinder, Susan Da Costa, Maria Darragh, Teresa Jones, Dana Judson, Franklyn Koblin, Beryl Mayer, Kenneth H. Palefsky, Joel M. TI Anal human papillomavirus infection is associated with HIV acquisition in men who have sex with men SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; HIV incidence; human papillomavirus; men; risk factors ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS; RISK-FACTORS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; CERVICAL CYTOLOGY; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE AB Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted agent that causes anogenital cancer and precancer lesions that have an inflammatory infiltrate, may be friable and bleed. Our aim was to determine the association between anal HPV infection and HIV acquisition. Design: A prospective cohort study. Methods: We recruited 1409 HIV-negative men who have sex with men from a community-based setting in Boston, Denver, New York and San Francisco. We used Cox proportional hazards regression modeling and assessed the independent association of HPV infection with the rate of acquisition of HIV infection. Results: Of 1409 participants contributing 4375 person-years of follow-up, 51 HIV-seroconverted. The median number of HPV types in HPV-infected HIV-seroconverters was 2 (interquartile range 1-3) at the time of HIV seroconversion. After adjustment for sexual activity, substance use, occurrence of other sexually transmitted infections and demographic variables, there was evidence (P=0.002) for the effect of infection with at least two HPV types (hazard ratio 3.5, 95%, confidence interval 1.2-10.6) in HIV seroconversion. Conclusion: Anal HPV infection is independently associated with HIV acquisition. Studies that incorporate high-resolution anoscopy to more accurately identify HPV-associated disease are needed to determine the relationship between HPV-associated disease and HIV seroconversion. (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Chin-Hong, Peter V.; Colfax, Grant; Buchbinder, Susan; Da Costa, Maria; Palefsky, Joel M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Husnik, Marla] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Stat Ctr HIV AIDS Res & Prevent, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Cranston, Ross D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Colfax, Grant; Buchbinder, Susan] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Colfax, Grant; Buchbinder, Susan] Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Mayer, Kenneth H.] Fenway Community Hlth Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Darragh, Teresa] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Judson, Franklyn] Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Koblin, Beryl] New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Jones, Dana] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chin-Hong, PV (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Box 0654,513 Parnassus Ave,Room S-380, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM phong@php.ucsf.edu OI Cranston, Ross/0000-0002-2687-6217 FU University of California Universitywide AIDS Research Program [UARP-R97-SF-1030]; CYTYC Corporation; US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health (NIH),; Dept of Health and Human Services (DHHS), [N01 AI35176, N01 AI45200, U01 AI48040, U01 AI48016, U01 AI47995]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institute of Mental Health; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), [UL1 RR024131-01]; [K23 AI054157]; [R01 CA54053]; [R01 CA/AI 88739] FX Support to this study was provided by the University of California Universitywide AIDS Research Program [UARP-R97-SF-1030 (J.M.P)], and by K23 AI054157 (PVC.H.), R01 CA54053 (J.M.P), R01 CA/AI 88739 (J.M.P), and by CYTYC Corporation. This work was also supported by the HIV Network for Prevention Trials - sponsored by the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Dept of Health and Human Services (DHHS), through contract N01 AI35176 with Abt Associates, Inc.; contract N01 AI45200 with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; and subcontracts with the Denver Dept of Health and Hospitals, the Fenway Conmunity Health Center, the New York Blood Center and the Public Health Foundation, Inc. Support was also given by the HIV Prevention Trials Network, sponsored by NIAID, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institute of Mental Health, and the Office of AIDS Research of the NIH and DHHS, through a cooperative agreement with Family Health International (cooperative agreement 5 U01 AI46749) with a subsequent subcontract to Abt Associates, Inc., and subcontracts to the Denver Department of Health and Hospitals; cooperative agreement U01 AI48040 to the Fenway Community Health Center; cooperative agreement U01 AI48016 to Columbia University (including a subagreement with the New York Blood Center); cooperative agreement U01 AI47995 to the University of California, San Francisco. This publication was made possible by Grant Number UL1 RR024131-01 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. NR 35 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1135 EP 1142 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832b4449 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 452VN UT WOS:000266569400011 PM 19390418 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Salazar, L Buchbinder, S Sanchez, TH AF Sullivan, Patrick S. Salazar, Laura Buchbinder, Susan Sanchez, Travis H. TI Estimating the proportion of HIV transmissions from main sex partners among men who have sex with men in five US cities SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; main sex partners; men who have sex with men; transmission risk ID SEROSTATUS DISCLOSURE; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG MEN; GAY MEN; RISK; INFECTIONS; BEHAVIORS; EPIDEMIC; COUPLES; ACT AB Background: HIV incidence in the United States among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been increasing since 2000, and MSM remain the most heavily impacted risk group in the US HIV epidemic. Methods: We modeled HIV transmissions, using data from MSM in five US cities from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, the HIVNET Vaccine Preparedness Study, and other published data. Annual HIV transmissions were estimated by partner type (main or casual) and by sex type (receptive anal intercourse, insertive anal intercourse, or oral sex). Results: Sixty-eight percent [95% confidence interval (CI) 58-78] of HIV transmissions were from main sex partners because of a higher number of sex acts with main partners, more frequent receptive roles in anal sex with main partners, and lower condom use during anal sex with main partners. By sex type, 69% (95% CI 59-79) of infections were from receptive anal intercourse, 28% (95% CI 19-38) were from insertive anal intercourse, and 2%, (95% CI 0-5) were from oral sex. The model-based estimated HIV incidence rate was 2.2% (95% CI 1.7-2.7) per year. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated estimates of transmission from main sex partners as low as 52% (95% CI 41-62) and as high as 74% (95% CI 68-80). Conclusion: According to our model, most HIV transmissions among MSM in five US cities are from main sex partners. HIV prevention efforts should take into account the risks of HIV transmissions in male partnerships, and couples-based HIV prevention interventions for MSM should be given high priority in the US HIV prevention research portfolio. (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Sullivan, Patrick S.; Salazar, Laura] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick S.; Sanchez, Travis H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Buchbinder, Susan] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd,4th Floor, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM pssulli@emory.edu RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI sanchez, travis/0000-0003-1133-4762; Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI083060] NR 33 TC 216 Z9 218 U1 2 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1153 EP 1162 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832baa34 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 452VN UT WOS:000266569400013 PM 19417579 ER PT J AU Collins, CB AF Collins, Charles B., Jr. TI Evidence Based Interventions for Preventing HIV Transmission: Commentary on Rotheram-Borus et al. (2009) SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENTERTAINMENT-EDUCATION; COMMUNITY INTERVENTION; HEALTH-PROMOTION; DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS; HIV/AIDS PREVENTION; RISK; TRIALS; LEVEL; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Capac Bldg Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Collins, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Capac Bldg Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cwc4@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 13 IS 3 BP 414 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s10461-008-9517-7 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 449NI UT WOS:000266336900004 PM 19160035 ER PT J AU Bull, S Pratte, K Whitesell, N Rietmeijer, C McFarlane, M AF Bull, Sheana Pratte, Katherine Whitesell, Nancy Rietmeijer, Cornelis McFarlane, Mary TI Effects of an Internet-Based Intervention for HIV Prevention: The Youthnet Trials SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Internet and HIV prevention; Randomized controlled trial; HIV prevention and youth; Technology-based HIV prevention ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY INTERVENTIONS; DIABETES SELF-MANAGEMENT; WEIGHT-LOSS PROGRAM; RE-AIM FRAMEWORK; CONDOM USE; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; DIGITAL DIVIDE; TAILORED INTERVENTIONS; CONTRACEPTIVE USE AB Youth use the Internet and computers in unprecedented numbers. We have yet to identify interventions that can reach and retain large numbers of diverse youth online and demonstrate HIV prevention efficacy. We tested a single session condom promotion Internet intervention for 18-24 year olds in two RCTs: one sample recruited online and one recruited in clinics. All study elements were carried out on the Internet. Using repeated measures structural equation models we analyzed change in proportion of sex acts protected by condoms (PPA) over time. Among sexually active youth in the Internet sample, persons exposed to the intervention had very slight increases in condom norms, and this was the only factor impacting PPA. We saw no intervention effects in the clinic sample. Internet-based interventions need to be more intensive to see greater effects. We need to do more to reach high risk youth online and keep their attention for multiple sessions. C1 [Bull, Sheana; Pratte, Katherine] Univ Colorado Denver, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Bull, Sheana; Rietmeijer, Cornelis] Univ Colorado Denver, Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Pratte, Katherine; Whitesell, Nancy] Univ Colorado Denver, Amer Indian & Alaska Natives Program, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Rietmeijer, Cornelis] Denver Hlth & Hosp Author, Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. [McFarlane, Mary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bull, Sheana; Pratte, Katherine] Hlth Sci Ctr, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Bull, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, POB 6508,MS F-443, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM sheana.bull@ucdenver.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01MH063690, R01 MH063690-02S1, R01 MH063690-03, R01 MH063690-01A2, R01 MH063690, R01 MH063690-02, R01 MH063690-04, R01MH063690-S] NR 76 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 13 IS 3 BP 474 EP 487 DI 10.1007/s10461-008-9487-9 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 449NI UT WOS:000266336900011 PM 19037719 ER PT J AU Wilton, L Herbst, JH Coury-Doniger, P Painter, TM English, G Alvarez, ME Scahill, M Roberson, MA Lucas, B Johnson, WD Carey, JW AF Wilton, Leo Herbst, Jeffrey H. Coury-Doniger, Patricia Painter, Thomas M. English, Gary Alvarez, Maria E. Scahill, Maureen Roberson, Michael A. Lucas, Basil Johnson, Wayne D. Carey, James W. TI Efficacy of an HIV/STI Prevention Intervention for Black Men Who Have Sex with Men: Findings from the Many Men, Many Voices (3MV) Project SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Black MSM; Unprotected anal intercourse; Condom use; HIV and STI testing; Behavioral intervention; Prevention ID RISK-REDUCTION; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; HIV TRANSMISSION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; UNITED-STATES; BISEXUAL MEN; HEALTH-CARE; DISPARITIES; INFECTION; DISCLOSURE AB Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States experience disproportionately high rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs); however, the number of evidence-based interventions for Black MSM is limited. This study evaluated the efficacy of Many Men, Many Voices (3MV), a small-group HIV/STI prevention intervention developed by Black MSM-serving community-based organizations and a university-based HIV/STI prevention and training program. The study sample included 338 Black MSM of HIV-negative or unknown HIV serostatus residing in New York city. Participants were randomly assigned to the 3MV intervention condition (n = 164) or wait-list comparison condition (n = 174). Relative to comparison participants, 3MV participants reported significantly greater reductions in any unprotected anal intercourse with casual male partners; a trend for consistent condom use during receptive anal intercourse with casual male partners; and significantly greater reductions in the number of male sex partners and greater increases in HIV testing. This study is the first randomized trial to demonstrate the efficacy of an HIV/STI prevention intervention for Black MSM. C1 [Wilton, Leo] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Human Dev, Coll Community & Publ Affairs, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Herbst, Jeffrey H.; Painter, Thomas M.; Alvarez, Maria E.; Johnson, Wayne D.; Carey, James W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Coury-Doniger, Patricia; Scahill, Maureen] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, Ctr Hlth & Behav Training, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [English, Gary; Roberson, Michael A.; Lucas, Basil] People Color Crisis Inc, Brooklyn, NY USA. RP Wilton, L (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Human Dev, Coll Community & Publ Affairs, POB 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM lwilton@binghamton.edu FU PHS HHS [U65/CCU223830, U65/CCU224517] NR 51 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 13 IS 3 BP 532 EP 544 DI 10.1007/s10461-009-9529-y PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 449NI UT WOS:000266336900016 PM 19267264 ER PT J AU Friedman, MS Marshal, MP Stall, R Kidder, DP Henny, KD Courtenay-Quirk, C Aidala, A Royal, S Holtgrave, DR AF Friedman, Mark S. Marshal, Michael P. Stall, Ron Kidder, Daniel P. Henny, Kirk D. Courtenay-Quirk, Cari Aidala, Angela Royal, Scott Holtgrave, David R. CA Study Grp Project START TI Associations between substance use, sexual risk taking and HIV treatment adherence among homeless people living with HIV SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE homelessness; HIV; substance use; treatment adherence; sexual risk taking ID UNITED-STATES; SHELTER UTILIZATION; HOUSING STATUS; RUNAWAY YOUTH; MENTAL-HEALTH; INFECTION; ALCOHOL; WOMEN; CARE; PREVENTION AB Prior research suggests that the interconnections between substance use, HIV risk and lack of adherence to HIV medications are especially strong among homeless individuals. Thus, study of these interconnections warrants public health attention. The objectives of this paper are to describe patterns of alcohol and drug use, associations between substance use and participation in high-risk sex, and associations between substance use and adherence to HIV treatment regimens among a sample of 602 homeless or unstably housed HIV-seropositive individuals who are part of a housing-based intervention - the Housing and Health Study. Participants experienced high levels of substance use. Significant associations were found between Substance use and adherence to HIV treatment medications, and between Substance use and high-risk sexual practices within the entire group. Group analyses by sexual orientation/gender show that the association between substance use and treatment adherence is found primarily among heterosexual males whereas the relationship between several drugs and high-risk sexual practices is strongest among gay and bisexual men. Health professionals working with HIV-seropositive individuals should routinely ascertain housing status and screen for substance use and risky sex. C1 [Friedman, Mark S.; Marshal, Michael P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Kidder, Daniel P.; Henny, Kirk D.; Courtenay-Quirk, Cari; Study Grp Project START] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Aidala, Angela] Columbia Univ, Dept Sociomed Sci, New York, NY USA. [Royal, Scott] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Holtgrave, David R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Friedman, MS (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM msf11@pitt.edu OI Henny, Kirk/0000-0002-0886-8651 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 6 BP 692 EP 700 DI 10.1080/09540120802513709 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 478DX UT WOS:000268569100003 PM 19806485 ER PT J AU Vissman, AT Eng, E Aronson, RE Bloom, FR Leichliter, JS Montano, J Rhodes, SD AF Vissman, Aaron T. Eng, Eugenia Aronson, Robert E. Bloom, Fred R. Leichliter, Jami S. Montano, Jaime Rhodes, Scott D. TI WHAT DO MEN WHO SERVE AS LAY HEALTH ADVISERS REALLY DO?: IMMIGRANT LATINO MEN SHARE THEIR EXPERIENCES AS NAVEGANTES TO PREVENT HIV SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CARE; SERVICES; MEXICO AB HoMBReS was a lay health adviser (LHA) intervention designed to reduce sexual risk among recently arrived, nonEnglish-speaking Latino men who were members of a multicounty soccer league in central NC. Our community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership collected, analyzed, and interpreted qualitative life-story narratives to characterize the roles of male LHAs known as Navegantes. Nine Navegantes were interviewed. Their mean age was 39 years (range: 26-62 years); six were from Mexico and three from El Salvador. Navegantes described the function and facilitators of serving as LHAs and identified leverage points for future HIV and STD prevention strategies. They highlighted psychosocial and sociocultural influences on HIV risk, settings for risky behavior, and personal changes from serving as Navegantes. This study provides preliminary evidence that an LHA approach is feasible and appropriate for Latino men, and can be effective in reaching men who might otherwise be difficult to reach. C1 [Rhodes, Scott D.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci,Sect Infect Dis, Dept Social Sci & Hlth Policy,Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Rhodes, Scott D.] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Maya Angelou Ctr Hlth Equ, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Vissman, Aaron T.] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Social Sci & Hlth Policy, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Eng, Eugenia] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Aronson, Robert E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Educ, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. [Bloom, Fred R.; Leichliter, Jami S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Montano, Jaime] Chatham Social Hlth Council, Siler City, NC USA. RP Rhodes, SD (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci,Sect Infect Dis, Dept Social Sci & Hlth Policy,Dept Internal Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM srhodes@wfubmc.edu NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 BP 220 EP 232 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456XR UT WOS:000266888200003 PM 19519237 ER PT J AU Patel, SN Golin, CE Marks, G Grodensky, CA Earp, JA Zeveloff, A O'Daniels, C Gardner, L Boland, MS Davis, R Quinlivan, EB AF Patel, Shilpa N. Golin, Carol E. Marks, Gary Grodensky, Catherine A. Earp, Jo Anne Zeveloff, Abby O'Daniels, Christine Gardner, Lytt Boland, Maureen S. Davis, Rebecca Quinlivan, E. Byrd TI Delivery of an HIV Prevention Counseling Program in an Infectious Diseases Clinic: Implementation Process and Lessons Learned SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID CARE AB Current national guidelines recommend that all HIV care providers routinely counsel their HIV-infected patients about reducing HIV transmission behaviors. In this article we identify the challenges and lessons learned from implementing a provider-delivered HIV transmission risk-reduction intervention for HIV-infected patients ( Positive Steps). Based on a multi-site Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiative, we integrated the Positive Steps program into an infectious diseases clinic in North Carolina. Of the nearly 1200 HIV-infected patients, 59% were African American, 44% were white, 33% were women, and over 50% were between 25 and 44 years of age. We obtained feedback from a community advisory board, input from clinic staff, and conducted formative interviews with clinic patients and providers to achieve overall acceptance of the program within the clinic. Clinic providers underwent training to deliver standardized prevention counseling. During program implementation we conducted a quality assessment of program components, including reviewing whether patients were screened for HIV transmission risk behaviors and whether providers counseled their patients. Once Positive Steps was implemented, on average, 69% of patients were screened and 77% of screened patients were counseled during the first 12 months. In analyses of quarterly exit surveys of patients after their medical exams, on average, 73% of respondents reported being asked about safer sex and 51% reported having safer-sex discussions with their providers across six quarterly periods. Of those who had discussions, 91% reported that those discussions were "very'' or "moderately helpful.'' Providers reported time and competing medical priorities as barriers for discussing prevention with patients, however, provider-delivered counseling was routinely performed for 12 months. Overall, the findings indicate that the Positive Steps program was successfully integrated in an infectious diseases clinic and received well by patients. C1 [Golin, Carol E.; Boland, Maureen S.; Quinlivan, E. Byrd] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Quinlivan, E. Byrd] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Golin, Carol E.; Quinlivan, E. Byrd] Univ N Carolina, Ctr AIDS Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Golin, Carol E.; Earp, Jo Anne; Zeveloff, Abby; Boland, Maureen S.; Davis, Rebecca] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Patel, Shilpa N.; Golin, Carol E.; Grodensky, Catherine A.] Univ N Carolina, Cecil G Sheps Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [O'Daniels, Christine] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Marks, Gary; O'Daniels, Christine; Gardner, Lytt] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Quinlivan, EB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, 130 Mason Farm Rd,CB 7030, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ebq@med.unc.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Health Resources and Services Administration's (HRSA's) [HA01289-02]; UNC [P30-AI50410] FX This research was supported by a contract from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with additional support from Health Resources and Services Administration's (HRSA's) Special Projects of National Significance program HA01289-02, and the UNC Centers for AIDS Research (P30-AI50410). The authors express appreciation for the contributions of the CDC Informatics and Statistical support team: Sanjyot Shinde, Sivakumar Rangarajan, and Vasu Panguluru. The authors would also like to acknowledge the providers and patients for their invaluable contribution to this paper. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD JUN PY 2009 VL 23 IS 6 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1089/apc.2008.0189 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 457GB UT WOS:000266915400005 PM 19413504 ER PT J AU Denny, CH Floyd, RL Tsai, J Green, PP AF Denny, C. H. Floyd, R. L. Tsai, J. Green, P. P. TI ALCOHOL USE AMONG WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE - UNITED STATES, 2001-2005 SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Res Soc Alcoholism C1 [Denny, C. H.; Floyd, R. L.; Tsai, J.; Green, P. P.] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 6 BP 59A EP 59A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 449MQ UT WOS:000266335100195 ER PT J AU Tsai, J Floyd, RL Green, PP Denny, CH AF Tsai, James Floyd, R. Louise Green, Patricia P. Denny, Clark H. TI SELF-RATED MENTAL HEALTH AMONG PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE, UNITED STATES, 2007 SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Res Soc Alcoholism C1 [Tsai, James; Floyd, R. Louise; Green, Patricia P.; Denny, Clark H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 6 BP 61A EP 61A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 449MQ UT WOS:000266335100202 ER PT J AU Lumey, LH Stein, AD Kahn, HS Romijn, JA AF Lumey, L. H. Stein, Aryeh D. Kahn, Henry S. Romijn, J. A. TI Lipid profiles in middle-aged men and women after famine exposure during gestation: the Dutch Hunger Winter Families Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; BIRTH-WEIGHT; RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; FETAL ORIGINS; BODY-WEIGHT AB Background: Many studies in humans have related birth weight to lipid profiles in adulthood. Fewer have estimated associations directly attributable to maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Objective: Our objective was to determine whether famine exposure during gestation is associated with a more atherogenic profile in adult offspring. Design: In 2003-2005, we studied 1) 359 singleton men and women born between January 1945 and March 1946 in clinics in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Leiden whose mothers were exposed to the famine during pregnancy; 2) 299 singletons born in the same 3 institutions during 1943 or 1947; and 3) 313 unexposed same-sex siblings of the above individuals. A lipid profile was obtained after an overnight fast. Results: Female offspring with prenatal famine exposure had a dyslipidemic pattern characterized by elevated total cholesterol (0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.46; P = 0.007), triglycerides (0.17 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.31; P = 0.02), and LDL cholesterol (0.17 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.36; P = 0.06) compared with unexposed offspring. This pattern was not seen in men. The increases in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were independent of body mass index, waist circumference, and midthigh circumference. The increase in triglycerides was independent of midthigh circumference but was attenuated with control for either body mass index or waist circumference. There was no evidence for associations within specific gestational windows. No association was observed between prenatal famine exposure and HDL cholesterol in either sex. Conclusion: In women, but not in men, aged approximate to 58 y, we observed an association between prenatal undernutrition and elevated total cholesterol concentrations and triglycerides. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1737-43. C1 [Lumey, L. H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Stein, Aryeh D.] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kahn, Henry S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Romijn, J. A.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Lumey, LH (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM lumey@columbia.edu OI Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458; Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH [R01 HL-067914] FX Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH (R01 HL-067914; principal investigator: LHL). NR 49 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1737 EP 1743 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27038 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 448EI UT WOS:000266245500006 PM 19386743 ER PT J AU Nkengasong, JN AF Nkengasong, John N. TI Strengthening Laboratory Services and Systems in Resource-Poor Countries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Lab Branch, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Lab Branch, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 6 BP 774 EP 774 DI 10.1309/AJCP8GYX8KTKDATZ PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 448CB UT WOS:000266238600004 PM 19461081 ER PT J AU Birx, D Souza, M Nkengasong, JN AF Birx, Deborah de Souza, Mark Nkengasong, John N. TI Laboratory Challenges in the Scaling Up of HIV, TB, and Malaria Programs The Interaction of Health and Laboratory Systems, Clinical Research, and Service Delivery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; Tuberculosis; Malaria ID AFRICA AB Strengthening national health laboratory systems in resource-poor countries is critical to meeting the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Despite strong commitment from the international community to fight major infectious diseases, weak laboratory infrastructure remains a huge rate-limiting step. Some major challenges facing laboratory systems in resource-poor settings include dilapidated infrastructure; lack of human capacity, laboratory policies, and strategic plans: and limited synergies between clinical and research laboratories. Together, these factors compromise the quality of test results and impact patient management. With increased finding, the target of laboratory strengthening efforts in resource-poor countries should be the integrating of laboratory services across major diseases to leverage resources with respect to physical infrastructure; types of assays; supply chain management of reagents and equipment; and maintenance of equipment. C1 [Birx, Deborah; Nkengasong, John N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [de Souza, Mark] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USAMC, AFRIMS, US Mil HIV Res Program, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Birx, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Corp Sq,Mail Stop E04, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. FU Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Supported by the Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 10 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 6 BP 849 EP 851 DI 10.1309/AJCPGH89QDSWFONS PG 3 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 448CB UT WOS:000266238600015 PM 19461092 ER PT J AU Nkengasong, JN Mesele, T Orloff, S Kebede, Y Fonjungo, PN Timperi, R Birx, D AF Nkengasong, John N. Mesele, Tsehaynesh Orloff, Sherry Kebede, Yenew Fonjungo, Peter N. Timperi, Ralph Birx, Deborah TI Critical Role of Developing National Strategic Plans as a Guide to Strengthen Laboratory Health Systems in Resource-Poor Settings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Strategic planning; Laboratory services; Health systems; Laboratory infrastructure ID CARE AB Medical laboratory services are an essential, yet often neglected, component of health systems in developing countries. Their central role in public health, disease control and surveillance, and patient management is often poorly recognized by governments and donors. However, medical laboratory services in developing countries can be strengthened by leveraging funding from other sources of HIV/AIDS prevention, care surveillance, and treatment programs. Strengthening these services will require coordinated efforts by national governments and partners and can be achieved by establishing and implementing national laboratory strategic plans and policies that integrate laboratory systems to combat major infectious diseases. These plans should take into account policy, legal, and regulatory frameworks; the administrative and technical management structure of the laboratories; human resources and retention strategies; laboratory quality management systems; monitoring and evaluation systems; procurement and maintenance of equipment; and laboratory infrastructure enhancement. Several countries have developed or are in the process of developing their laboratory plans, and others, such as Ethiopia, have implemented and evaluated their plan. C1 [Nkengasong, John N.; Orloff, Sherry; Birx, Deborah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Int Lab Branch, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mesele, Tsehaynesh] Ethiopia Hlth Nutr Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Kebede, Yenew; Fonjungo, Peter N.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Timperi, Ralph] Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Int Lab Branch, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Supported by Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 13 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 6 BP 852 EP 857 DI 10.1309/AJCPC51BLOBBPAKC PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 448CB UT WOS:000266238600016 PM 19461093 ER PT J AU Long, EG AF Long, Earl G. TI Requirements for Diagnosis of Malaria at Different Levels of the Laboratory Network in Africa SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Chloroquine; Parasitological diagnosis AB The rapid increase of resistance to cheap, reliable antimalarials, the increasing cost of effective drugs, and the low specificity of clinical diagnosis has increased the need for more reliable diagnostic methods for malaria. The most commonly used and most reliable remains microscopic examination of stained blood smears, but this technique requires skilled personnel, precision instruments, and ideally a source of electricity. Microscopy has the advantage of enabling the examiner to identify the species, stage, and density of an infection. An alternative to microscopy is the rapid diagnostic test (RDT), which uses a labeled monoclonal antibody to detect circulating parasitic antigens. This lest is most commonly used to detect Plasmodium falciparum infections and is available in a plastic cassette formal. Both microscopy and RDTs should be available at all levels of laboratory service it? endemic areas, but in peripheral laboratories with minimally trained staff the RDT may be a more practical diagnostic method. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Long, EG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, F 22,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 6 BP 858 EP 860 DI 10.1309/AJCPVX71BXWOVWBY PG 3 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 448CB UT WOS:000266238600017 PM 19461094 ER PT J AU Spira, T Lindegren, ML Ferris, R Habiyambere, V Ellerbrock, T AF Spira, Thomas Lindegren, Mary Lou Ferris, Robert Habiyambere, Vincent Ellerbrock, Tedd TI The WHO/PEPFAR Collaboration to Prepare an Operations Manual for HIV Prevention, Care, and Treatment at Primary Health Centers in High-Prevalence, Resource-Constrained Settings Defining Laboratory Services SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Clinical-Pathology CY JAN 22-24, 2008 CL Maputo, MOZAMBIQUE SP Amer Soc Clin Pathol DE HIV prevention; World Health Organization; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; PEPFAR; Collaboration; Laboratory services AB The expansion of HIV/AIDS care and treatment in resource-constrained countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, has generally developed in a top-down manner. Further expansion will involve primary health centers where human and other resources are limited. This article describes the World Health Organization/President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief collaboration, formed to help scale up HIV services in primary health centers in high-prevalence, resource-constrained settings. It reviews the contents of the Operations Manual developed, with emphasis on the Laboratory, Services chapter, which discusses essential laboratory services, both at the center and the district hospital level, laboratory safety, laboratory testing, specimen transport, how to set up a laboratory, human resources, equipment maintenance, training materials, and references. The chapter provides specific information on essential tests and generic job aids for them. It also includes annexes containing a list of laboratory supplies for the health center and sample forms. C1 [Spira, Thomas; Lindegren, Mary Lou; Ellerbrock, Tedd] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Care & Treatment Branch, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis Sexually Transmitted Dis &, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ferris, Robert] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Habiyambere, Vincent] World Hlth Org, Dept HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Spira, T (reprint author), CDC, E-04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 6 BP 887 EP 894 DI 10.1309/AJCPRID8CQY5THES PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 448CB UT WOS:000266238600021 PM 19461098 ER PT J AU Durkin, MS Maenner, MJ Cunniff, CM Schieve, LA Albanese, MA AF Durkin, Maureen S. Maenner, Matthew J. Cunniff, Christopher M. Schieve, Laura A. Albanese, Mark A. TI RE: "ADVANCED PARENTAL AGE AND THE RISK OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER" REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Durkin, Maureen S.; Maenner, Matthew J.; Albanese, Mark A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Cunniff, Christopher M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Schieve, Laura A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Durkin, MS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mdurkin@wisc.edu RI Durkin, Maureen/B-7834-2015 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 11 BP 1406 EP 1407 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp064 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 446GF UT WOS:000266109400018 ER PT J AU Balluz, L Wen, XJ Town, M Sheperd, J Qulater, J Mokdad, A AF Balluz, L. Wen, Xiao Jun Town, M. Sheperd, J. Qulater, J. Mokdad, A. TI ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND PARTICULATE MATTER 2.5 IN 51 COUNTIES, USA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Balluz, L.; Wen, Xiao Jun; Town, M.; Sheperd, J.; Qulater, J.; Mokdad, A.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300412 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, Z Rim, S Peipins, L Stewart, S AF Berkowitz, Z. Rim, S. Peipins, L. Stewart, S. TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SURVIVAL TIME AMONG WOMEN DIAGNOSED WITH OVARIAN AS INDEX CANCER VERSUS SUBSEQUENT PRIMARY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Berkowitz, Z.; Rim, S.; Peipins, L.; Stewart, S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300017 ER PT J AU Brett, K Hing, E AF Brett, K. Hing, E. TI TRENDS IN MENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY USE: UNITED STATES, 2001-2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Brett, K.; Hing, E.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S32 EP S32 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300125 ER PT J AU Fang, J Keenan, NL AF Fang, J. Keenan, N. L. TI MEETING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES INTAKE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG US ADULTS WITH HIGH CHOLESTEROL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Fang, J.; Keenan, N. L.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S100 EP S100 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300398 ER PT J AU Hall, IJ Johnson-Turbes, C Kamalu, N Zavahir, Y Hanniffy, E AF Hall, I. J. Johnson-Turbes, C. Kamalu, N. Zavahir, Y. Hanniffy, E. TI EVALUATION OF A COMMUNITY-BASED INTERVENTION TO INCREASE BREAST CANCER SCREENING AND EARLY DETECTION AMONG LOW-INCOME, AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Hall, I. J.; Johnson-Turbes, C.; Kamalu, N.; Zavahir, Y.; Hanniffy, E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S82 EP S82 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300325 ER PT J AU Hill, HA Ortega, L Crosby, AE AF Hill, H. A. Ortega, L. Crosby, A. E. TI CIRCUMSTANCES PRECEDING TEEN SUICIDE, BY RACE/ETHNICITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Hill, H. A.; Ortega, L.; Crosby, A. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S135 EP S135 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300535 ER PT J AU Hillis, S Kuklina, E Akatova, N Kissin, D Rakhmanova, A Stepanova, E Jamieson, D Robinson, J Miller, W AF Hillis, S. Kuklina, E. Akatova, N. Kissin, D. Rakhmanova, A. Stepanova, E. Jamieson, D. Robinson, J. Miller, W. TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PERINATAL HIV TRANSMISSION, ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Hillis, S.; Kuklina, E.; Akatova, N.; Kissin, D.; Rakhmanova, A.; Stepanova, E.; Jamieson, D.; Robinson, J.; Miller, W.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S55 EP S55 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300218 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Cheng, YJ Thompson, TJ Imperatore, G Gregg, EW AF Kahn, H. S. Cheng, Y. J. Thompson, T. J. Imperatore, G. Gregg, E. W. TI LIPID OVERFLOW IS AN EARLY-STAGE PREDICTOR OF TYPE 2 DIABETES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Kahn, H. S.; Cheng, Y. J.; Thompson, T. J.; Imperatore, G.; Gregg, E. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S1 EP S1 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300004 ER PT J AU Kung, HC Wei, R Faulkner, K AF Kung, H-C Wei, R. Faulkner, K. TI CHARACTERISTICS OF DOMESTIC AND NON-DOMESTIC HOMICIDE VICTIMS IN THE US SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Kung, H-C; Wei, R.; Faulkner, K.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S61 EP S61 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300240 ER PT J AU Mattson, CL Settergren, S Sabatier, J AF Mattson, C. L. Settergren, S. Sabatier, J. TI SPOUSAL SEXUAL VIOLENCE, HIV, AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS: AN EVALUATION OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY DATA-ZIMBABWE (2005-2006), MALAWI (2004), AND KENYA (2003) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Mattson, C. L.; Settergren, S.; Sabatier, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S28 EP S28 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300110 ER PT J AU Ruder, AM Sweeney, MH AF Ruder, A. M. Sweeney, M. H. TI PENTACHLOROPHENOL PRODUCTION WORKERS MORTALITY STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Ruder, A. M.; Sweeney, M. H.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S91 EP S91 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300363 ER PT J AU Ryskulova, A Klein, RJ AF Ryskulova, A. Klein, R. J. TI PREVALENCE OF REGULAR LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG US ADULTS, 2000 AND 2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Ryskulova, A.; Klein, R. J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S62 EP S62 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300246 ER PT J AU Stokley, S Jain, N McCauley, M Cohn, A AF Stokley, S. Jain, N. McCauley, M. Cohn, A. TI ADOLESCENT VACCINATIONS: ASSESSING COMPLIANCE WITH RECOMMENDATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Stokley, S.; Jain, N.; McCauley, M.; Cohn, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S11 EP S11 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300043 ER PT J AU Tak, S Alterman, T Baron, S Calvert, GM AF Tak, SangWoo Alterman, T. Baron, S. Calvert, G. M. TI RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN WORK-RELATED INJURIES AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESOURCES AMONG NURSING ASSISTANTS EMPLOYED IN US NURSING HOMES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Tak, SangWoo; Alterman, T.; Baron, S.; Calvert, G. M.] NIOSH, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300181 ER PT J AU Tuteja, R Keppel, K Klein, RJ AF Tuteja, R. Keppel, K. Klein, R. J. TI MEASURING PROGRESS AND RACIAL/ETHNIC AND INCOME DISPARITIES IN SELECT HEALTHY PEOPLE 2010 CANCER OBJECTIVES. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Tuteja, R.; Keppel, K.; Klein, R. J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300204 ER PT J AU Wendelboe, AM Avery, C Andrade, B Baumbach, J Landen, M AF Wendelboe, A. M. Avery, C. Andrade, B. Baumbach, J. Landen, M. TI IMPORTANCE OF EMPLOYEE VACCINATION AGAINST INFLUENZA IN PREVENTING CASES IN LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Wendelboe, A. M.; Avery, C.; Andrade, B.; Baumbach, J.; Landen, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300228 ER PT J AU Whiteman, M Kuklina, E Jamieson, D Hillis, S Marchbanks, P AF Whiteman, M. Kuklina, E. Jamieson, D. Hillis, S. Marchbanks, P. TI HOSPITALIZATIONS FOR GYNECOLOGIC DISORDERS IN THE UNITED STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Whiteman, M.; Kuklina, E.; Jamieson, D.; Hillis, S.; Marchbanks, P.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S79 EP S79 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300315 ER PT J AU Wright, JD Wang, CY AF Wright, J. D. Wang, C-Y TI PREVALENCE OF US ADULTS FOLLOWING MULTIPLE RECOMMENDATIONS TO REDUCE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Wright, J. D.; Wang, C-Y] CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S33 EP S33 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300130 ER PT J AU Zhang, XP Imperatore, G Bullard, K Beckles, G Zhang, XZ Ruiz, R Frontini, M Cerqueira, M Gregg, E AF Zhang, X-P Imperatore, G. Bullard, K. Beckles, G. Zhang, X-Z Ruiz, R. Frontini, M. Cerqueira, M. Gregg, E. TI ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AFFECTS THE DETECTION OF DIABETES AMONG ADULT RESIDENTS OF THE US-MEXICO BORDER REGION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Zhang, X-P; Imperatore, G.; Bullard, K.; Beckles, G.; Zhang, X-Z; Ruiz, R.; Frontini, M.; Cerqueira, M.; Gregg, E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S72 EP S72 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300285 ER PT J AU Zhao, G Ford, E Li, C Mokdad, A AF Zhao, G. Ford, E. Li, C. Mokdad, A. TI THE PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF TAKING FOLIC ACID AND VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS AMONG ADULTS AGED >= 45 YEARS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Zhao, G.; Ford, E.; Li, C.; Mokdad, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S100 EP S100 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300397 ER PT J AU Zhao, G Ford, E Li, C Strine, T Dhingra, S Berry, J Mokdad, A AF Zhao, G. Ford, E. Li, C. Strine, T. Dhingra, S. Berry, J. Mokdad, A. TI SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS WITH BODY MASS INDEX: FINDINGS FROM THE 2007 BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM (BRFSS) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Zhao, G.; Ford, E.; Li, C.; Strine, T.; Dhingra, S.; Berry, J.; Mokdad, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S65 EP S65 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300257 ER PT J AU Stone, PW Dick, A Pogorzelska, M Horan, TC Furuya, EY Larson, E AF Stone, Patricia W. Dick, Andrew Pogorzelska, Monika Horan, Teresa C. Furuya, E. Yoko Larson, Elaine TI Staffing and structure of infection prevention and control programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; CONTROL PROFESSIONALS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; CERTIFICATION BOARD; PATIENT SAFETY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; HOSPITALS; EFFICACY; DESIGN AB Background: The nature of infection prevention and control is changing: however, little is known about current staffing and structure of infection prevention and control programs. Methods: Our objectives were to provide a snapshot of the staffing and structure of hospital-based infection prevention and control programs in the United States. A Web-based survey was sent to 441 hospitals that participate in the National Healthcare Safety Network. Results: The response rate was 66% (n = 289); data were examined on 821 professionals. Infection preventionist (IP) staffing was significantly negatively related to bed size, with higher staffing in smaller hospitals (P < .001). Median staffing was 1 IP per 167 beds. Forty-seven percent of IPs were certified, and 24 percent had less than 2 years of experience. Most directors or hospital epidemiologists were reported to have authority to close beds for outbreaks always or most of the time In = 225, 78%). Only 32% (n = 92) reported using an electronic surveillance system to track infections. Conclusion: This study is the first to provide a comprehensive description of current infection prevention and control staffing, organization, and support in a select group of hospitals across the nation. Further research is needed to identify effective staffing levels for various hospital types as well as examine how the IP role is changing over time. Copyright (C) 2009 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. (Am J Infect Control 2009;37:351-7.) C1 [Stone, Patricia W.; Pogorzelska, Monika; Larson, Elaine] Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Dick, Andrew] RAND Corp Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Horan, Teresa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Furuya, E. Yoko] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Stone, PW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, 617 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM ps2024@columbia.edu FU National Institute of Nursing Research [R01NR010107]; NIH/NCRR [P20RR020616] FX Supported by the National Institute of Nursing Research R01NR010107, and pilot work conducted for this study was funded by NIH/NCRR P20RR020616. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 5 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.11.001 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 454YV UT WOS:000266722200002 PM 19201510 ER PT J AU Viscusi, DJ Bergman, M Sinkule, E Shaffer, RE AF Viscusi, Dennis J. Bergman, Mike Sinkule, Edward Shaffer, Ronald E. TI Evaluation of the filtration performance of 21 N95 filtering face piece respirators after prolonged storage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID MEDIA AB Background: Organizations are stockpiling respirators to prepare for an influenza pandemic. To understand better the effects of prolonged storage, this investigation evaluated the filtration efficiency of 21 different models of National institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-certified disposable N95 filtering face piece respirators. These respirators had been stored in their original packaging for a period of at least 6 years in research laboratories and dry warehouse facilities, ranging in temperature between 15 degrees C and 32 degrees C and relative humidity between 20% and 80%. Methods: Filter penetration was measured using an abbreviated version of the NIOSH respirator certification test incorporating a polydisperse sodium chloride aerosol at 85 L/min. Results: Of the 21 respirator models tested, 19 models had both average penetration results of less than 5%. Mean initial penetration values ranged from 0.39% to 5.83%, whereas mean maximum penetration values ranged from 0.95% to 5.83%. There did not appear to be any correlation between the length of storage and failure to pass the filtration test. Conclusion: Results indicate that most N95 filtering face piece respirators stored for up to 10 years at warehouse conditions will likely have expected levels of filtration performance and that the degree of filtration efficiency degradation is likely model specific. Copyright (C) 2009 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. (Am J Infect Control 2009:37:381-6.) C1 [Shaffer, Ronald E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Technol Res Branch, NPPTL, NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Bergman, Mike] EG&G Tech Serv Inc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Shaffer, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Technol Res Branch, NPPTL, NIOSH, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,Bldg 29,POB 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM RShaffer@cdc.gov RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 5 BP 381 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.09.021 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 454YV UT WOS:000266722200006 PM 19188003 ER PT J AU Cloutier, MM Grosse, SD Wakefield, DB Nurmagambetov, TA Brown, CM AF Cloutier, Michelle M. Grosse, Scott D. Wakefield, Dorothy B. Nurmagambetov, Tursynbek A. Brown, Clive M. TI The Economic Impact of an Urban Asthma Management Program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; INNER-CITY ASTHMA; HEALTH-CARE USE; PEDIATRIC ASTHMA; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; CHILDREN; EDUCATION; SEVERITY; INTERVENTION; PREVALENCE AB Objectives: To examine costs associated with an asthma management program that reduces asthma-related health services utilization and to calculate potential return on investment (ROI) from the Medicaid managed care plan perspective. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Clinical and economic data were obtained for 3298 ethnically diverse children with asthma (48% with persistent asthma) who resided in a poor urban community (Hartford, Connecticut) and were enrolled in Easy Breathing, an asthma management program for pediatricians. We calculated the cost per participating child with asthma during the first 3 years (July 1998 to June 2001) relative to the difference in costs for participating and nonparticipating children calculated by applying Medicaid reimbursement rates to data on services. Results: Start-up costs were $28.95 per child with asthma in year 1, and operating costs averaged $10.28 in years 2 and 3. The mean reduction in costs was $36.72 per child per year in years 2 and 3. If Medicaid managed care plans had been charged an amount equal to program operating costs after year 1 ($10.28 per child with asthma per year), at-risk health plans could have incurred cost savings of approximately $26.44 per child with asthma per year. The potential ROI for years 2 and 3 was $3.58 per US dollar spent. Conclusions: Easy Breathing reduced overall costs of care for urban children with asthma of varying severities. If managed care plans held at risk by Medicaid had reimbursed program operating costs for participants in Easy Breathing, they would have experienced a positive ROI. (Am J Manag Care. 2009; 15(6): 345-351) C1 [Cloutier, Michelle M.] Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Asthma Ctr, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. [Cloutier, Michelle M.; Wakefield, Dorothy B.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Pediat, Farmington, CT USA. [Grosse, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nurmagambetov, Tursynbek A.; Brown, Clive M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cloutier, MM (reprint author), Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Asthma Ctr, 282 Washington St, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. EM mclouti@ccmckids.org FU Patrick and Catherine Weldon Donaghue Research Foundation FX This study was supported by a grant from the Patrick and Catherine Weldon Donaghue Research Foundation. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU MANAGED CARE & HEALTHCARE COMMUNICATIONS LLC PI PLAINSBORO PA 666 PLAINSBORO RD, STE 300, PLAINSBORO, NJ 08536 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 345 EP 351 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 461SU UT WOS:000267292600002 PM 19514800 ER PT J AU Genisca, AE Frias, JL Broussard, CS Honein, MA Lammer, EJ Moore, CA Shaw, GM Murray, JC Yang, W Rasmussen, SA AF Genisca, Alicia E. Frias, Jaime L. Broussard, Cheryl S. Honein, Margaret A. Lammer, Edward J. Moore, Cynthia A. Shaw, Gary M. Murray, Jeffrey C. Yang, Wei Rasmussen, Sonja A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Orofacial Clefts in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE cleft lip; cleft palate; congenital abnormalities; prevalence; birth defects ID LIP AND/OR PALATE; ORAL CLEFTS; INFANT CHARACTERISTICS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; MALFORMATIONS; RISK; CLASSIFICATION; ASSOCIATIONS; CALIFORNIA AB Orofacial clefts are among the most common types of birth defects, but their clinical presentation has not been well described in a geographically diverse US population. To describe the birth prevalence and phenotype of nonsyndromic clefts, we used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), a multi-site, population-based, case-control study aimed at identifying genetic and environmental risk factors for birth defects. Included in the study were infants born during 1997-2004 with a cleft lip (CL), cleft tip with cleft palate (CLP), or cleft palate (CP). Infants with clefts associated with recognized single-gene disorders, chromosome abnormalities, holoprosencephaly, or amniotic band sequence were excluded. A total of 3,344 infants with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts were identified, including 751 with CL, 1,399 with CLP, and 1, 194 with CP, giving birth prevalence estimates of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.4/1,000 live births, respectively. Among infants with CLP where cleft laterality was specified, about twice as many had unilateral vs. bilateral involvement, while for CL there were over 10 times as many with unilateral versus bilateral involvement. Involvement was most often left-sided. About one-quarter of infants with CP had Pierre Robin sequence. Over 80% of infants had an isolated orofacial cleft. Among infants with CL or CLP, heart, limb, and other musculoskeletal defects were most commonly observed, while heart, limb, and central nervous system defects were most common among infants with CP. Better understanding of the birth prevalence and phenotype may help guide clinical care as well as contribute to an improved understanding of pathogenesis. Published (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Genisca, Alicia E.; Frias, Jaime L.; Broussard, Cheryl S.; Honein, Margaret A.; Moore, Cynthia A.; Rasmussen, Sonja A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Frias, Jaime L.] McKing Consulting Corp, Fairfax, VA USA. [Broussard, Cheryl S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lammer, Edward J.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Shaw, Gary M.; Yang, Wei] Calif Res Div, Oakland, CA USA. [Murray, Jeffrey C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skr9@cdc.gov RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Pfizer, Inc. FX We thank Ms. Carolyn Sullivan and Mr. James Kucik for their assistance in compiling the data from MACDP. We also thank Ms. Sarah Collier and Dr. Suzanne Gilboa for their assistance in data analysis. The authors acknowledge the contributions and dedication of the MACDP abstractors, CBDMP abstractors, and staff and scientists who contribute to the NBDPS. The CDC Experience is a 1-year fellowship in applied epidemiology at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention made possible by a public-private partnership supported by Pfizer, Inc. (via a grant to the CDC Foundation from Pfizer, Inc.). NR 34 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD JUN PY 2009 VL 149A IS 6 BP 1149 EP 1158 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32854 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 454LT UT WOS:000266684200006 PM 19441124 ER PT J AU Anderka, MT Lin, AE Abuelo, DN Mitchell, AA Rasmussen, SA AF Anderka, Marlene T. Lin, Angela E. Abuelo, Dianne N. Mitchell, Allen A. Rasmussen, Sonja A. TI Reviewing the Evidence for Mycophenolate Mofetil as a New Teratogen: Case Report and Review of the Literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE CellCept (R); cleft lip and palate; coloboma; malformation; microtia; mycophenolate mofetil; teratogenesis ID ACROFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS; PREGNANCY; EXPOSURE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; TRANSPLANTATION; MALFORMATIONS; EMBRYOPATHY; RECIPIENTS; OUTCOMES; EDITORS AB Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (CellCept (R)) is an immunosuppressant drug that is teratogenic in rats and rabbits. Reports of malformations in 13 offspring of women exposed to MMF in pregnancy raise concern that MMF is also a human teratogen. We report an additional child with malformations following prenatal exposure to MMF and review the other 13 reports. We identified a Cambodian male born at 31 weeks' gestation to a mother who had been treated for lupus nephritis with MMF from before conception to 12 weeks' gestational age. He had bilateral moderate-to-severe microtia, external auditory canal atresia, bilateral conductive hearing loss, mild microcephaly, and apparently normal development. Among the 14 MMF-exposed offspring now reported, the underlying maternal conditions were kidney transplantation (7), lupus nephritis (4), liver transplantation (1), heart transplantation (1), and recurrent erythema. multiforme (1). All were exposed in early pregnancy. The most distinctive malformation was moderate-to-severe microtia. or anotia (12), with external auditory canal atresia in 9. Other common craniofacial malformations and minor anomalies included orofacial clefts (7), hypertelorism (3), coloboma (3), and micrognathia (3). Six had cardiovascular malformations, of which three were either conotruncal or aortic arch defects. MMF dose, reported in 12 patients, was <1 g/day in 4 and 1 g or more/day in 8; no correlation between dose and phenotype severity was apparent. While case reports have limited value in identifying human teratogens, the unusual distribution of malformations among the 14 reported exposed offspring identifies a phenotype suggesting that MMF is likely a human teratogen. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Anderka, Marlene T.; Lin, Angela E.] Massachusetts Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02108 USA. [Lin, Angela E.] MassGen Hosp Children, Genet Unit, Boston, MA USA. [Abuelo, Dianne N.] Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Genet, Providence, RI USA. [Abuelo, Dianne N.] Hasbro Childrens Hosp, Providence, RI USA. [Abuelo, Dianne N.] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Mitchell, Allen A.] Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Rasmussen, Sonja A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Anderka, MT (reprint author), Massachusetts Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, 250 Washington St,5th Floor, Boston, MA 02108 USA. EM marlene.anderka@state.ma.us OI Mitchell, Allen/0000-0003-0950-6799 NR 43 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD JUN PY 2009 VL 149A IS 6 BP 1241 EP 1248 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32685 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 454LT UT WOS:000266684200019 PM 19441125 ER PT J AU Austin, H Lally, C Benson, JM Whitsett, C Hooper, WC Key, NS AF Austin, Harland Lally, Cathy Benson, Jane M. Whitsett, Carolyn Hooper, W. Craig Key, Nigel S. TI Hormonal contraception, sickle cell trait, and risk for venous thromboembolism among African American women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 08-11, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol DE African Americans; hormonal contraceptives; oral contraceptives; sickle cell trait; venous thromboembolism ID 3RD-GENERATION ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; COAGULATION; THROMBOSIS; DISEASE; SYSTEM AB OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effect of oral and other hormonal contraceptive (HC) use on venous thromboembolism risk among African American women and investigated whether the association was modified by the sickle cell trait. STUDY DESIGN: We report the findings of a case-control study that included 60 African American women with an idiopathic, first episode of venous thromboembolism and 196 African American controls. RESULTS: The odds of current HC use compared with noncurrent use contrasting cases and controls is 3.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-8.1; P < .001). Among subjects with sickle cell trait, the odds ratio is higher (odds ratio [OR], 6.7; 95% CI, 1.0-43) than the odds ratio among subjects without sickle cell trait (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-6.2), but the difference is not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study provides persuasive evidence that hormonal contraceptive use increases venous thromboembolism risk among African American women and that the increase in risk may be larger among women with sickle cell trait. C1 [Austin, Harland; Lally, Cathy] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Benson, Jane M.; Hooper, W. Craig] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA USA. [Whitsett, Carolyn] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Key, Nigel S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Austin, H (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 200 IS 6 AR 620.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.01.038 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 451XX UT WOS:000266505300008 PM 19306959 ER PT J AU Daley, MF Hennessey, KA Weinbaum, CM Stokley, S Hurley, LP Crane, LA Beaty, BL Barrow, JC Babbel, CI Dickinson, LM Kempe, A AF Daley, Matthew F. Hennessey, Karen A. Weinbaum, Cindy M. Stokley, Shannon Hurley, Laura P. Crane, Lori A. Beaty, Brenda L. Barrow, Jennifer C. Babbel, Christine I. Dickinson, L. Miriam Kempe, Allison TI Physician Practices Regarding Adult Hepatitis B Vaccination A National Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; COMMON OUTCOMES; STANDING ORDERS; RELATIVE RISK; IMMUNIZATION; INFLUENZA; SETTINGS; PROGRAM; ATTITUDES AB Background: Less than 50% of adults with risk factors for hepatitis B infection have been vaccinated. Although primary care settings typically serve an important role in immunization delivery, little is known about adult hepatitis B vaccination practices in primary, care, including the use of strategies such as standing orders to improve immunization rates. The objectives of this study were to assess, among family physicians and general internists, current approaches to assessing adult patients for hepatitis B risk factors, reported hepatitis B vaccination practices, and attitudes about standing orders for hepatitis B vaccination. Methods: From September to November 2006, a national sample of 433 family physicians and 420 general internists were surveyed. Results were analyzed in 2007 and 2008. Results: Response rates were 65% for family physicians and 79% for general internists. Thirty-one percent of physicians reported assessing most or all adult patients for hepatitis B risk factors and vaccinating patients identified as high risk. Perceived barriers to hepatitis B vaccination included patients not disclosing high-risk behaviors, lack of adequate reimbursement for vaccination, and feeling too pressed for time to assess risk factors. Most surveyed physicians were very (47%) or somewhat (38%) supportive of using standing orders for hepatitis B vaccination in their practices. However, staff time constraints and patient unwillingness to disclose sensitive information to staff were perceived as barriers to using standing orders by a majority of respondents. Conclusions: In a national survey, less than one third of primary care physicians reported routinely assessing for and vaccinating adults with hepatitis B risk factors. This finding suggests that new strategies for adult hepatitis B vaccination in primary care settings are needed. Most physicians Supported using standing orders for vaccination, but barriers were anticipated. (Am J Prev Med 2009;36(6):491-496) (C) 2009 American Journal of preventive Medicine C1 [Daley, Matthew F.; Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO USA. [Hurley, Laura P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Internal Med, Denver, CO USA. [Dickinson, L. Miriam] Univ Colorado, Dept Family Med, Denver, CO USA. [Daley, Matthew F.; Beaty, Brenda L.; Barrow, Jennifer C.; Babbel, Christine I.; Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Denver, CO USA. [Hurley, Laura P.] Denver Hlth & Hosp, Div Gen Internal Med, Denver, CO USA. [Daley, Matthew F.; Crane, Lori A.; Beaty, Brenda L.; Barrow, Jennifer C.; Babbel, Christine I.; Kempe, Allison] Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Aurora, CO USA. [Crane, Lori A.] Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Behav Hlth, Aurora, CO USA. [Stokley, Shannon] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stokley, Shannon] CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Daley, MF (reprint author), Mailstop F443,12477 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM daley.matthew@tchden.org FU CDC [5-U48-DP000054-03] FX This investigation was funded by the CDC (5-U48-DP000054-03). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC, or U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. This funding was obtained and administered through the Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, University of Colorado Denver, Denver CO. The first author (MFD) had frill access to all of the data in this study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. The authors thank the participating physicians for their time and effort in responding to this survey. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 6 BP 491 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.037 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 446PD UT WOS:000266132700005 PM 19362798 ER PT J AU Moriarty, DG Zack, MM Holt, JB Chapman, DP Safran, MA AF Moriarty, David G. Zack, Matthew M. Holt, James B. Chapman, Daniel P. Safran, Marc A. TI Geographic Patterns of Frequent Mental Distress US Adults, 1993-2001 and 2003-2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; STRESSFUL SOCIAL ARRANGEMENTS; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; RISK-FACTORS; OLDER-ADULTS; HEALTH-CARE; TERRORIST INCIDENTS; CONNECTICUT ADULTS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; UNITED-STATES AB Background: Mental illnesses and other mental health problems often lead to prolonged, disabling, and costly mental distress. Yet little is known about the geographic distribution of such mental distress in the U.S. Methods: Since 1993, the CDC has tracked self-perceived mental distress through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). In 2007 and 2008, analysis was performed on BRFSS data reported by 2.4 million adults from 1993-2001 and 2003-2006 to map and describe the prevalence of frequent mental distress (FMD)-defined as having 14 mentally unhealthy days during the previous 30 days-for all states and for Counties with at least 30 respondents. Results: The adult prevalence of FMD for the combined periods was 9.4% overall, ranging from 6.6% in Hawaii to 14.4% in Kentucky. From 1993-2001 to 2003-2006, the mean prevalence of FMD increased by at least I percentage point in 27 states and by more than 4 percentage points in Mississippi, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. Most states showed internal geographic variations in FMD prevalence. The Appalachian and the Mississippi Valley regions had high and increasing FMD prevalence, and the upper Midwest had low and decreasing FMD prevalence. Conclusions: Geographic areas were identified with consistently high and consistently low FMD prevalence, as well as areas in which FMD prevalence changed substantially. Further evaluation of the causes and implications of these patterns is warranted. Surveillance of mental distress may be useful in identifying unmet mental health needs and disparities and in guiding health-related policies and interventions. (Am J Prev Med 2009;36(6):497-505) (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Atnerican Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Zack, Matthew M.] CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zack, MM (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MZack@cdc.gov NR 76 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 6 BP 497 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.038 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 446PD UT WOS:000266132700006 PM 19460657 ER PT J AU O'Neill, SM Rubinstein, WS Wang, C Yoon, PW Acheson, LS Rothrock, N Starzyk, EJ Beaumont, JL Galliher, JM Ruffin, MT AF O'Neill, Suzanne M. Rubinstein, Wendy S. Wang, Catharine Yoon, Paula W. Acheson, Louise S. Rothrock, Nan Starzyk, Erin J. Beaumont, Jennifer L. Galliher, James M. Ruffin, Mack T., IV CA Family Healthware TM Impact Trial TI Familial Risk for Common Diseases in Primary Care The Family Healthware (TM) Impact Trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 98th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research CY APR 14-18, 2007 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; GENETIC RISK; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; GENERAL-PRACTICE; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; BREAST-CANCER; HISTORY; HEALTH AB Context: Family history is a risk factor for many common chronic diseases, yet it remains underutilized in primary care practice. Background: Family Healthware (TM) is a self-administered, web-based tool that assesses familial risk for CHD; stroke; diabetes; and colorectal, breast, and ovarian cancer, and provides a personalized prevention plan based on familial risk. The Family Healthware Impact Trial evaluated the tool. Design: In this cluster RCT, participants completed baseline and 6-month follow-up surveys. The intervention group used Family Healthware directly after the baseline survey. Controls used the tool after completing the follow-up survey. Setting/participants: Patients aged 35-65 years with no known diagnosis of these six diseases were enrolled from 41 primary care practices. Main outcome measures: The prevalence of family-history-based risk for coronary heart disease (CHD); stroke; diabetes; and colorectal, breast, and ovarian cancer was determined in a primary care population. Results: From 2005 to 2007, 3786 participants enrolled. Data analysis was undertaken from September 2007 to March 2008. Participants had a mean age of 50.6 years and were primarily white (91%) women (70%). Of the 3585 participants who completed the risk assessment tool, 82% had a strong or moderate familial risk for at least one of the diseases: CHD (strong=33%, moderate=26%); stroke (strong=15%, moderate=34%); diabetes (strong=11%, moderate=26%); colorectal cancer (strong=3%, moderate=11%); breast cancer (strong=10%, moderate=12%); and ovarian cancer (strong=4%, moderate=6%). Women had a significantly (p<0.04) higher familial risk than men for all diseases except colorectal and ovarian cancer. Overweight participants were significantly (p <= 0.02) more likely to have a strong family history for CHD, stroke, and diabetes. Older participants were significantly (p <= 0.02) more likely to report a strong family history for CHD and stroke as well as colorectal and breast cancer. Conclusions: This self-administered, online tool delineated a substantial burden of family-history-based risk for these chronic diseases in an adult, primary care population. Trial registration: NCT00164658. (Am J Prev Med 2009;36(6):506-514) (C) 2009 American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [O'Neill, Suzanne M.; Rubinstein, Wendy S.] NorthShore Univ HealthSyst, Ctr Med Genet, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Rothrock, Nan; Beaumont, Jennifer L.] NorthShore Univ HealthSyst, Ctr Outcomes Res & Educ, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Starzyk, Erin J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Epidemiol, Chicago, IL USA. [Wang, Catharine] Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. [Yoon, Paula W.] CDC, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Acheson, Louise S.] Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Family Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Acheson, Louise S.] Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Reprod Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Acheson, Louise S.] Univ Hosp Cleveland, Case Comprehens Canc Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Acheson, Louise S.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Galliher, James M.] Amer Acad Family Phys Natl Rech Network, Leawood, KS USA. [Ruffin, Mack T., IV] Univ Michigan, Dept Family Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP O'Neill, SM (reprint author), NorthShore Univ HealthSyst, Ctr Med Genet, 100 Cent St,Suite 620, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM s-oneill@northwestern.edu RI Nease, Donald/B-6206-2013; OI Nease, Donald/0000-0001-8323-3720; Wang, Catharine/0000-0001-8584-2781 FU ATSDR CDC HHS [U50/CCU300860 TS-1216]; NCI NIH HHS [K07 CA131103-01A1, K07 CA131103]; PHS HHS [U36/CCU319276 MM-0789, U36/CCU319276 MM0630] NR 59 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 6 BP 506 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.03.002 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 446PD UT WOS:000266132700007 PM 19460658 ER PT J AU Shults, RA Kresnow, MJ Lee, KC AF Shults, Ruth A. Kresnow, Marcie-jo Lee, Karen C. TI Driver- and Passenger-Based Estimates of Alcohol-Impaired Driving in the US, 2001-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BINGE DRINKING; CONSEQUENCES; PREVALENCE; CRASHES; ADULTS; RISK AB Background: Alcohol-impaired driving (AID) continues to be a major public health problem in the U.S. The objective Of this Study was to estimate the number of annual driver- and passenger-reported episodes of AID and explore the effect of sociodemographic characteristics and drinking patterns on both behaviors. Methods: Data from a nationally representative random-digit-dial telephone survey of U.S. adults were analyzed in 2007. Results: From July 23, 2001, to February 7, 2003, an estimated 7 million drivers reported 190 million annual episodes of AID, and an estimated 10.5 million passengers reported 290 million annual episodes of AID. A comparison of estimates from this survey to those from a similar survey conducted in 1994 shows that episodes of both driver- and passenger-reported AID have increased by slightly more than 50%. Multivariable analysis revealed several gender differences in risk factors for both driver- and passenger reported AID. For example, being of Hispanic ethnicity and not always wearing a seat bell: were both associated with an increased risk of AID episodes for men but not women. A Strong association between binge drinking and both driver- and passenger-reported AID was found for both genders. Conclusions: Episodes of driver- and passenger-reported AID increased substantially between the middle 1990s and the early 2000s. The passenger estimates suggest that drivers may under-report AID by about 50%. Public health interventions to reduce AID should give equal consideration to impaired drivers and their passengers. (Am J Prev Med 2009;36(6):5.15-522) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Shults, Ruth A.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Shults, RA (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rshults@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 6 BP 515 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.03.001 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 446PD UT WOS:000266132700008 PM 19362801 ER PT J AU McCree, DH AF McCree, Donna Hubbard TI A Plan of Action for Tackling HIV/AIDS Among African Americans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIVAIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McCree, DH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIVAIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 99 IS 6 BP 972 EP 972 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2009.162727 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 448VE UT WOS:000266289300006 PM 19372501 ER PT J AU Peterson, JL Jones, KT AF Peterson, John L. Jones, Kenneth T. TI HIV Prevention for Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; RISK BEHAVIORS; GAY MEN; STRUCTURAL INTERVENTIONS; TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; WHITE MEN; HIV/AIDS PREVENTION; RACIAL DISPARITIES AB The HIV/AIDS epidemic has exacted a devastating toll upon Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, and there is a tremendous need to escalate HIV-prevention efforts for this population. The social context in which Black MSM experience the impact of racism and heterosexism strongly affects their risk for HIV infection;thus, HIV-prevention research focused on Black MSM should focus on contextual and structural factors. There is a pronounced lack of community-level HIV-intervention research for Black MSM, but effective preliminary strategies involve adapting existing effective models and tailoring them to the needs of Black MSM. Future research should develop new, innovative approaches, especially structural interventions, that are specifically targeted toward HIV prevention among Black MSM. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:976-980. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.143214) C1 [Peterson, John L.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Jones, Kenneth T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Peterson, JL (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, POB 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM jpeterson@gsu.edu NR 82 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 99 IS 6 BP 976 EP 980 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.143214 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 448VE UT WOS:000266289300008 PM 19372510 ER PT J AU Spikes, PS Purcell, DW Williams, KM Chen, Y Ding, H Sullivan, PS AF Spikes, Pilgrim S. Purcell, David W. Williams, Kim M. Chen, Ying Ding, Helen Sullivan, Patrick S. TI Sexual Risk Behaviors Among HIV-Positive Black Men Who Have Sex With Women, With Men, or With Men and Women: Implications for Intervention Development SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; CONDOM USE; RACIAL DISPARITIES; SEROPOSITIVE MEN; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; SEROSTATUS; TRANSMISSION AB Objectives. We compared demographics and sexual and drug risk behaviors among HIV-positive Black men who have sex with women only, with men only, or with men and women to assess differences among and between these groups. Methods. We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Supplement to HIV and AIDS,Surveillance Project for 2038 HIV-positive Black men who reported being sexually active. We classified the participants by their reported sexual behaviors in the past year: intercourse with women (n = 1186), with men (n = 741), or with men and women (n = 111). Results. Respondents whose sexual partners were both men and women reported more noninjection drug use, sexual exchange, and sexual partners than did the other 2 groups. Bisexual respondents were also more likely than were heterosexuals to report unprotected intercourse with a steady female partner and were more likely than were both other groups to report having steady partners of unknown HIV serostatus and using drugs during their last sexual episode. Conclusions. HIV-positive Black men with both male and female sexual partners engaged in more sexual and drug risk behaviors than did their heterosexual and homosexual peers. More information concerning the prevention needs of behaviorally bisexual HIV-positive Black men is needed. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:1072-1078. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.144030) C1 [Spikes, Pilgrim S.; Purcell, David W.; Williams, Kim M.; Ding, Helen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chen, Ying] Biogen Idec Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Sullivan, Patrick S.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Spikes, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control NCHHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pspikes@cdc.gov OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168; Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1072 EP 1078 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.144030 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 448VE UT WOS:000266289300024 PM 19372509 ER PT J AU Kimbrough, LW Fisher, HE Jones, KT Johnson, W Thadiparthi, S Dooley, S AF Kimbrough, Lisa W. Fisher, Holly E. Jones, Kenneth T. Johnson, Wayne Thadiparthi, Sekhar Dooley, Samuel TI Accessing Social Networks With High Rates of Undiagnosed HIV Infection: The Social Networks Demonstration Project SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; PERSONS AWARE; UNAWARE AB Objectives. We evaluated the use of social networks to reach persons with undiagnosed HIV infection in ethnic minority communities and link them to medical care and HIV prevention services. Methods. Nine community-based organizations in 7 cities received funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to enlist HIV-positive persons to refer others from their social, sexual, or drug-using networks for HIV testing; to provide HIV counseling, testing, and referral services; and to link HIV-positive and high-risk HIV-negative persons to appropriate medical care and prevention services. Results. From October 1, 2003, to December 31, 2005, 422 recruiters referred 3172 of their peers for HIV services, of whom 177 were determined to be HIV positive; 63% of those who were HIV-positive were successfully linked to medical care and prevention services. The HIV prevalence of 5.6% among those recruited in this project was significantly higher than the approximately 1% identified in other counseling, testing, and referral sites funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Conclusions. This peer-driven approach is highly effective and can help programs identify persons with undiagnosed HIV infection in high-risk networks. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:1093-1099. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.139329) C1 [Kimbrough, Lisa W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kimbrough, LW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LBW4@CDC.GOV FU PHS HHS [2003-N-00895] NR 17 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1093 EP 1099 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.139329 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 448VE UT WOS:000266289300027 PM 19372521 ER PT J AU Skarbinski, J Ouma, PO Causer, LM Kariuki, SK Barnwell, JW Alaii, JA de Oliveira, AM Zurovac, D Larson, BA Snow, RW Rowe, AK Laserson, KF Akhwale, WS Slutsker, L Hamel, MJ AF Skarbinski, Jacek Ouma, Peter O. Causer, Louise M. Kariuki, Simon K. Barnwell, John W. Alaii, Jane A. de Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo Zurovac, Dejan Larson, Bruce A. Snow, Robert W. Rowe, Alexander K. Laserson, Kayla F. Akhwale, Willis S. Slutsker, Laurence Hamel, Mary J. TI Effect of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests on the Management of Uncomplicated Malaria with Artemether-Lumefantrine in Kenya: A Cluster Randomized Trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CLINICAL ALGORITHMS; PEDIATRIC MALARIA; FEBRILE ILLNESS; MICROSCOPY; TANZANIA; HEALTH; ZAMBIA; POLICY; AREA AB Shortly after Kenya introduced artemether-lumefantrine (AL) for first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria, we conducted a pre-post cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of providing malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) on recommended treatment (patients with malaria prescribed AL) and overtreatment (patients without malaria prescribed AL) in outpatients >= 5 years old. Sixty health facilities were randomized to receive either RDTs plus training, guidelines, and supervision (TGS) or TGS alone. Of 1,540 patients included in the analysis, 7% had uncomplicated malaria. The provision of RDTs coupled with TGS emphasizing AL use only after laboratory confirmation of malaria reduced recommended treatment by 63%-points, (P = 0.04), because diagnostic test use did not change (-2%-points),. but health workers significantly reduced presumptive treatment with AL for patients with a clinical diagnosis of malaria who did not undergo testing (-36%-points; P = 0.03). Health workers generally adhered to RDT results when prescribing AL: 88% of RDT-positive and 9% of RDT-negative patients were treated with AL, respectively. Overtreatment was low in both arms and was not significantly reduced by the provision of RDTs (-12%-points, P = 0.30). RDTs could potentially improve malaria case management, but we urgently need to develop more effective strategies for implementing guidelines before large scale implementation. C1 [Skarbinski, Jacek; Causer, Louise M.; Barnwell, John W.; de Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo; Rowe, Alexander K.; Slutsker, Laurence] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ouma, Peter O.; Kariuki, Simon K.; Alaii, Jane A.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Zurovac, Dejan; Snow, Robert W.] Kenyatta Hosp, Malaria Publ Hlth & Epidemiol Grp, Ctr Geog Med, Kenya Med Res Inst,Wellcome Trust Res Labs, Nairobi, Kenya. [Larson, Bruce A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Laserson, Kayla F.; Hamel, Mary J.] KEMRI CDC Field Res Stn, Kisumu, Kenya. [Akhwale, Willis S.] Minist Hlth, Div Malaria Control, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Skarbinski, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jskarbinski@cdc.gov FU Wellcome Trust [079081]; US Agency for International Development through an inter-agency agreement with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [GH99-005] FX R.W.S. is supported by the Wellcome Trust as Principal Research Fellow (079081). The study was funded by the US Agency for International Development through an inter-agency agreement with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (GH99-005). This paper is published with the permission of the Director of Kenya Medical Research Institute. NR 34 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 6 BP 919 EP 926 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 453XI UT WOS:000266645800009 PM 19478249 ER PT J AU Rowe, AK AF Rowe, Alexander K. TI Potential of Integrated Continuous Surveys and Quality Management to Support Monitoring, Evaluation, and the Scale-Up of Health Interventions in Developing Countries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CHILD-MORTALITY; MALARIA CONTROL; PUBLIC-HEALTH; IMPROVEMENT; REGION; IMMUNIZATION; PERFORMANCE; COVERAGE; TANZANIA; VALIDITY AB Well-funded initiatives are challenging developing countries to increase health intervention coverage and show impact. Despite substantial resources, however, major obstacles include weak health systems, a lack of reasonably accurate monitoring data, and inadequate use of data for managing programs. This report discusses how integrated continuous surveys and quality management (I-Q), which are well-recognized approaches in wealthy countries, could support intervention scale-up, monitoring and evaluation, quality control for commodities, capacity building, and implementation research in low-resource settings. Integrated continuous surveys are similar to existing national cross-sectional surveys of households and health facilities, except data are collected over several years by permanent teams, and most results are reported monthly at the national, province, and district levels. Quality management involves conceptualizing work as processes, involving all workers in quality improvement. monitoring quality, and teams that improve quality With "plan-do-study-act" cycles. Implementing and evaluating T-Q in a low-income country would provide critical information oil the value of this approach. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Dept Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Dept Parasit Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM axr9@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 6 BP 971 EP 979 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 453XI UT WOS:000266645800020 PM 19478260 ER PT J AU Woods, ME Montenieri, JA Eisen, RJ Zeidner, NS Borchert, JN Laudisoit, A Babi, N Atiku, LA Enscore, RE Gage, KL AF Woods, Michael E. Montenieri, John A. Eisen, Rebecca J. Zeidner, Nordin S. Borchert, Jeff N. Laudisoit, Anne Babi, Nackson Atiku, Linda A. Enscore, Russell E. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Identification of Flea Blood Meals Using Multiplexed Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Targeting Mitochondrial Gene Fragments SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EARLY-PHASE TRANSMISSION; YERSINIA-PESTIS; PLAGUE; MOSQUITOS; EPIDEMICS; TANZANIA; FELINE AB Human plague is found in the West Nile region of Uganda and Democratic Republic of the Congo where flea vectors are often found inhabiting homes. We have developed a multiplexed, real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting mitochondrial genes that is capable of detecting blood meal sources in fleas collected off-host in East Africa. Laboratory tests showed that the assay is specific for the intended targets and has a detection limit below one picogram of DNA. Testing of wild-caught fleas from the Democratic Republic of Congo suggests that humans are at significant risk from flea-borne disease and implicates domestic animals including cats, chickens, and the black rat as potential sources of human exposure to fleas and flea-borne diseases. Future application of the assay will help us better define the ecology of plague in East Africa to implement effective control measures to combat the spread of disease. C1 [Woods, Michael E.; Montenieri, John A.; Eisen, Rebecca J.; Zeidner, Nordin S.; Borchert, Jeff N.; Enscore, Russell E.; Gage, Kenneth L.] CDC, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, NCZVED, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Laudisoit, Anne] CERVA CODA, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Laudisoit, Anne] Univ Antwerp, Evolutionary Ecol Grp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Laudisoit, Anne] Univ Liege, Zoogeog Res Unit, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Babi, Nackson; Atiku, Linda A.] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Woods, ME (reprint author), CDC, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, NCZVED, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gvi1@cdc.gov; anne.laudisoit@var.fgov.be; plague@ug.cdc.gov RI Laudisoit, Anne/F-2646-2017 OI Laudisoit, Anne/0000-0001-7626-9426 FU Association of Public Health Laboratories Emerging Infectious Diseases Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship Program; Funds for Research in Industry and Agriculutre, Belgium FX Financial support: We acknowledge support from the Association of Public Health Laboratories Emerging Infectious Diseases Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship Program (M.E.W.) and Funds for Research in Industry and Agriculutre, Belgium (A.L.). NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 6 BP 998 EP 1003 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 453XI UT WOS:000266645800025 PM 19478265 ER PT J AU Winters, AM Staples, JE Ogen-Odoi, A Mead, PS Griffith, K Owor, N Babi, N Enscore, RE Eisen, L Gage, KL Eisen, RJ AF Winters, Anna M. Staples, J. Erin Ogen-Odoi, Asaph Mead, Paul S. Griffith, Kevin Owor, Nicholas Babi, Nackson Enscore, Russell E. Eisen, Lars Gage, Kenneth L. Eisen, Rebecca J. TI Spatial Risk Models for Human Plague in the West Nile Region of Uganda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; YERSINIA-PESTIS; CLIMATE; TRANSMISSION; DYNAMICS; VIETNAM; FLEAS AB The West Nile region of Uganda represents an epidemiologic focus for human plague in east Africa. However, limited capacity for diagnostic laboratory testing means few clinically diagnosed cases are confirmed and the true burden of disease is undetermined. The aims of the study were 1) describe the spatial distribution of clinical plague cases in the region, 2) identify ecologic correlates of incidence, and 3) incorporate these variables into predictive models that define areas of plague risk. The model explained 74% of the incidence variation and revealed that cases were more common above 1,300 m than below. Remotely-sensed variables associated with differences in soil or vegetation were also identified as incidence predictors. ne study demonstrated that plague incidence can be modeled at parish-level scale based on environmental variables and identified parishes where cases may be under-reported and enhanced surveillance and preventative measures may be implemented to decrease the burden of plague. C1 [Winters, Anna M.; Staples, J. Erin; Mead, Paul S.; Griffith, Kevin; Enscore, Russell E.; Gage, Kenneth L.; Eisen, Rebecca J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Vector Borne Zoonot & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Winters, Anna M.; Eisen, Lars] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ogen-Odoi, Asaph; Owor, Nicholas; Babi, Nackson] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Winters, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Vector Borne Zoonot & Enter Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM AWinters1@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1014 EP 1022 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 453XI UT WOS:000266645800028 PM 19478268 ER PT J AU Glass, MB Beesley, CA Wilkins, PP Hoffmaster, AR AF Glass, Mindy B. Beesley, Cari A. Wilkins, Patricia P. Hoffmaster, Alex R. TI Comparison of Four Selective Media for the Isolation of Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOMALLEI; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS; DIFFERENTIAL MEDIUM; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; CEPACIA; IDENTIFICATION; RECOVERY; AGENTS; NOV. AB Currently there are no commercially available selective media indicated for the isolation of Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Ashdown's agar, a custom selective medium for isolation of B. pseudomallei, is well described in the literature but unavailable commercially. Three commercially available media, Burkholderia cepacia selective agar (BCSA), oxidative-fermentative-polymyxin B-bacitracin-lactose (OFPBL) agar, and Pseudomonas cepacia (PC) agar are recommended for isolation of B. cepacia from respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis patients. We evaluated the sensitivity and selectivity of these four media using 20 B. mallei, 20 B. pseudomallei, 20 Burkholderia spp., and 15 diaonostically challenging organisms. Ashdown's agar was the most sensitive medium for the isolation of B. pseudomallei, but it was unable to support growth of B. mallei. Pseudomonas cepacia agar was highly sensitive and selective for both organisms. In non-endemic areas, we suggest the use of the commercially available PC agar for the isolation of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei. C1 [Glass, Mindy B.; Beesley, Cari A.; Wilkins, Patricia P.; Hoffmaster, Alex R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, MB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mglass@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1023 EP 1028 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 453XI UT WOS:000266645800029 PM 19478269 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Hamouda, O Delpech, V Geduld, JE Prejean, J Semaille, C Kaldor, J Folch, C op de Coul, E Marcus, U Hughes, G Archibald, CP Cazein, F McDonald, A Casabona, J van Sighem, A Fenton, KA AF Sullivan, Patrick S. Hamouda, Osamah Delpech, Valerie Geduld, Jennifer E. Prejean, Joseph Semaille, Caroline Kaldor, John Folch, Cinta op de Coul, Eline Marcus, Ulrich Hughes, Gwenda Archibald, Chris P. Cazein, Francoise McDonald, Ann Casabona, Jordi van Sighem, Ard Fenton, Kevin A. CA Annecy Msm Epidemiology Study Grp TI Reemergence of the HIV Epidemic Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, 1996-2005 SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; Surveillance; Men Who Have Sex With Men; Syphilis; Trends ID BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; RESURGENCE; INFECTION; SYPHILIS; RATES; RISK; ERA AB PURPOSE: To describe and contextualize changes in rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) notifications in men who have sex with men (MSM) in eight countries (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States) from 1996-2005. METHODS: We analyzed trends in HIV notification rates from 1996-2000 and 2000-2005 by generalized linear regression and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in rates of HIV notifications. To interpret trends, we visually examined graphs of primary and secondary syphilis reports among MSM and the prevalence of recent HIV testing. RESULTS: The rate of HIV notifications among MSM declined 5.2% per year (95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.8%, -4.7%) from 1996-2000, and increased 3.3% per year (95% Cl: +2.9%,+3.7%) from 2000-2005. During the period of increasing HIV diagnoses, increases in primary and secondary syphilis diagnoses occurred among MSM, but recent HIV testing among MSM did not seem to increase. CONCLUSIONS: After declining in the second half of the 1990s, HIV notification rates for MSM increased beginning in 2000. Increased HIV notifications in MSM are not wholly explained by changes in HIV testing. Urgent efforts are required to develop effective HIV prevention interventions for MSM, and implement them broadly in these Countries. Ann Epidemiol 2009;19:423-431. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sullivan, Patrick S.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick S.; Prejean, Joseph; Fenton, Kevin A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hamouda, Osamah; Marcus, Ulrich] Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. [Delpech, Valerie; Hughes, Gwenda] Hlth Protect Agcy, London, England. [Geduld, Jennifer E.; Archibald, Chris P.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Semaille, Caroline; Cazein, Francoise] Inst Veille Sanit, Paris, France. [Kaldor, John; McDonald, Ann] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Folch, Cinta; Casabona, Jordi] CIBER ESP, Barcelona, Spain. [op de Coul, Eline] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [van Sighem, Ard] HIV Monitoring Fdn, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,4th Floor, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM Patrick.sullivan@emory.edu RI Kaldor, John /D-4545-2011; Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587; Hughes, Gwenda/0000-0003-2090-7702; Casabona-Barbara, Jordi/0000-0003-4816-5536 NR 48 TC 201 Z9 205 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.03.004 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 453YE UT WOS:000266648000010 PM 19460672 ER PT J AU Huggins, J Goff, A Hensley, L Mucker, E Shamblin, J Wlazlowski, C Johnson, W Chapman, J Larsen, T Twenhafel, N Karem, K Damon, IK Byrd, CM Bolken, TC Jordan, R Hruby, D AF Huggins, John Goff, Arthur Hensley, Lisa Mucker, Eric Shamblin, Josh Wlazlowski, Carly Johnson, Wendy Chapman, Jennifer Larsen, Tom Twenhafel, Nancy Karem, Kevin Damon, Inger K. Byrd, Chelsea M. Bolken, Tove' C. Jordan, Robert Hruby, Dennis TI Nonhuman Primates Are Protected from Smallpox Virus or Monkeypox Virus Challenges by the Antiviral Drug ST-246 SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTIPOXVIRUS COMPOUND ST-246; INFECTION; EFFICACY; DISEASE; COMBINATION; INHIBITOR; OUTBREAK; VACCINE; CONGO; MODEL AB ST-246, a potent orthopoxvirus egress inhibitor, is safe and effective at preventing disease and death in studies of small-animal models involving challenge by several different pathogenic poxviruses. In this report, the antiviral efficacy of ST-246 in treatment of nonhuman primates infected with variola virus or monkeypox virus was assessed. The data indicate that oral dosing once per day with ST-246 protects animals from poxvirus disease, as measured by reductions in viral load and numbers of lesions and enhancement of survival. C1 [Huggins, John; Goff, Arthur; Hensley, Lisa; Mucker, Eric; Shamblin, Josh; Wlazlowski, Carly; Johnson, Wendy; Chapman, Jennifer; Larsen, Tom; Twenhafel, Nancy] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. [Karem, Kevin; Damon, Inger K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Byrd, Chelsea M.; Bolken, Tove' C.; Jordan, Robert; Hruby, Dennis] SIGA Technol, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Hruby, D (reprint author), SIGA Technol Inc, 4575 SW Res Way, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM dhruby@siga.com NR 23 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2620 EP 2625 DI 10.1128/AAC.00021-09 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 448DY UT WOS:000266244500055 PM 19349521 ER PT J AU Yang, WL Lindquist, HDA Cama, V Schaefer, FW Villegas, E Fayer, R Lewis, EJ Feng, YY Xiao, LH AF Yang, Wenli Lindquist, H. D. Alan Cama, Vitaliano Schaefer, Frank W., III Villegas, Eric Fayer, Ronald Lewis, Earl J. Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua TI Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Water Sample Concentrates by Real-Time PCR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSFER HYBRIDIZATION PROBES; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; INTERNAL CONTROL; DRINKING-WATER; DIAGNOSIS; ASSAY AB PCR techniques in combination with conventional parasite concentration procedures have potential for the sensitive and specific detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in water. Three real-time PCR assays based on the B1 gene and a 529-bp repetitive element were analyzed for the detection of T. gondii tachyzoites and oocysts. Lower sensitivity and specificity were obtained with the B1 gene-based PCR than with the 529-bp repeat-based PCR. New procedures for the real-time PCR detection of T. gondii oocysts in concentrates of surface water were developed and tested in conjunction with a method for the direct extraction of inhibitor-free DNA from water. This technique detected as few as one oocyst seeded to 0.5 ml of packed pellets from water samples concentrated by Envirocheck filters. Thus, this real-time PCR may provide a detection method alternative to the traditional mouse assay and microscopy. C1 [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Yang, Wenli] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. [Lindquist, H. D. Alan; Schaefer, Frank W., III] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Villegas, Eric] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Fayer, Ronald] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lewis, Earl J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Feng, Yaoyu] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resource & Environm Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Feng, Yaoyu/B-3076-2014; Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 FU EPA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative FX This study was supported in part by funds from the EPA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 11 BP 3477 EP 3483 DI 10.1128/AEM.00285-09 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 449QT UT WOS:000266345800012 PM 19363083 ER PT J AU Mull, B Hill, VR AF Mull, Bonnie Hill, Vincent R. TI Recovery and Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Surface Water, Using Ultrafiltration and Real-Time PCR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLEX PCR; O157-H7; SAMPLES; GENES; ENRICHMENT; MICROBES AB Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC O157:H7) outbreaks have revealed the need for improved analytical techniques for environmental samples. Ultrafiltration (UF) is increasingly recognized as an effective procedure for concentrating and recovering microbes from large volumes of water and treated wastewater. This study describes the application of hollow-fiber UF as the primary step for concentrating EHEC O157:H7 seeded into 40-liter samples of surface water, followed by an established culture/immunomagnetic-separation (IMS) method and a suite of real-time PCR assays. Three TaqMan assays were used to detect the stx1, stx2, and rfbE gene targets. The results from this study indicate that approximately 50 EHEC O157:H7 cells can be consistently recovered from a 40-liter surface water sample and detected by culture and real-time PCR. Centrifugation was investigated and shown to be a viable alternative to membrane filtration in the secondary culture/IMS step when water quality limits the volume of water that can be processed by a filter. Using multiple PCR assay sets to detect rfbE, stx1, and stx2 genes allowed for specific detection of EHEC O157:H7 from strains that do not possess all three genes. The reported sample collection and analysis procedure should be a sensitive and effective tool for detecting EHEC O157:H7 in response to outbreaks of disease associated with contaminated water. C1 [Mull, Bonnie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mull, Bonnie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Infect Dis Lab Fellowship Program, Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mull, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM BMull@cdc.gov RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 NR 21 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 11 BP 3593 EP 3597 DI 10.1128/AEM.02750-08 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 449QT UT WOS:000266345800026 PM 19363065 ER PT J AU Li, C Ford, E McBride, P Kwiterovich, P McCrindle, B Gidding, S AF Li, C. Ford, E. McBride, P. Kwiterovich, P. McCrindle, B. Gidding, S. TI NON-HDL CHOLESTEROL PREDICTS THE PRESENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN ADOLESCENTS SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Li, C.; Ford, E.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McBride, P.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [Kwiterovich, P.] Johns Hopkins Med Sch, Baltimore, MD USA. [McCrindle, B.] Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Gidding, S.] Alfred I DuPont Hosp Children, Wilmington, DE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957101069 ER PT J AU Jothikumar, P Hill, V Narayanan, J AF Jothikumar, Prithiviraj Hill, Vincent Narayanan, Jothikumar TI Design of FRET-TaqMan probes for multiplex real-time PCR using an internal positive control SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE real-time PCR; hybridization probes; FRET; TaqMan; fluorescence; internal control; inhibitors ID DIAGNOSTIC PCR; CONTROL DNA; AMPLIFICATION; ASSAYS; SAMPLES AB The multiplexing capabilities with different fluorescent dyes arc limited in real-time PCR instruments equipped with one excitation source. Considering this limitation, a design was developed to create a triple-labeled probe as an internal positive control (IPC) that utilizes a combination of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and TaqMan techniques. The IPC probe, labeled with FAM and Cy5.5 fluorophores at the 5' end and Black Hole Quencher (BHQ) at the 3' end, enabled Cy5.5 emission through energy transfer from the FAM fluorophore. The second, target-specific TaqMan assay in the multiplex used a FAM and BHQ1-labeled probe at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively. Thus, one excitation source was used to generate two different fluorescence emissions (FAM and Cy5.5) that were measured in two separate channels by the real-time PCR instrument. This method can facilitate the development of a low-cost portable handheld real-time PCR instrument capable of multiplex real-time PCR assays using a single excitation source. C1 [Hill, Vincent; Narayanan, Jothikumar] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Jothikumar, Prithiviraj] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Narayanan, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jin2@cdc.gov RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Terrorism Preparedness and Emergency Response FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of Mike Powers at the DNA Sequencing and Genomic Core Facility (University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA) and Rachelle Muller at Idaho Technology, Inc. for discussion on the development of the internal positive control for the R.A.P.I.D cycler. This publication was supported in part by funds made available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Office for Terrorism Preparedness and Emergency Response. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 18 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 7 BP 519 EP + DI 10.2144/000113127 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 461DS UT WOS:000267245400014 PM 19594451 ER PT J AU Evans-Lacko, SE Riley, A Spencer, C Logan, JE AF Evans-Lacko, S. E. Riley, A. Spencer, C. Logan, J. E. TI Patterns and predictors of restrictive health care service use by youths with bipolar disorder SO BIPOLAR DISORDERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Conference on Bipolar Disorder CY JUN 25-27, 2009 CL Pittsburgh, PA DE bipolar disorder; service utilization; serious mental illness; children and adolescents C1 [Evans-Lacko, S. E.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Riley, A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Spencer, C.] Univ Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Logan, J. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Evans-Lacko, Sara/A-8768-2011 OI Evans-Lacko, Sara/0000-0003-4691-2630 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1398-5647 J9 BIPOLAR DISORD JI Bipolar Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 483KH UT WOS:000268963500100 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Riley, L Butchart, A Meddings, DR Kann, L Harvey, AP AF Brown, David W. Riley, Leanne Butchart, Alexander Meddings, David R. Kann, Laura Harvey, Alison Phinney TI Exposure to physical and sexual violence and adverse health behaviours in African children: results from the Global School-based Student Health Survey SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; ADOLESCENTS; COMMUNITY; SYMPTOMS; ABUSE AB Objective To examine associations between exposure to physical violence (PV) or sexual violence (SV) and adverse health behaviours among a sample of children in five African countries. Methods In a cross-sectional analysis of data from Namibia, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe - countries that participated in the Global School-based Student Health Survey in 2003 or 2004 - we compared the relative frequency of several adverse health behaviours among children (primarily students 13-15 years of age) who did and who did not report exposure to PV or SV. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) for such behaviours and their 95% confidence intervals (Cls) after adjusting for age and sex. Findings Exposure to PV during the 12 months preceding the survey was reported by 27-50% (average: 42%) of the children studied in the five countries, and lifetime exposure to SV was reported by 9-33% (average: 23%). Moderate to strong associations were observed between exposure to PV or SV and measures of mental health, suicidal ideation, current cigarette use, current alcohol use, lifetime drug use, multiple sex partners and a history of sexually transmitted infection (P <= 0.05 for all associations). For example, the odds of being a current cigarette smoker were higher in children involved in one fight (OR: 2.20; 95% Cl: 1.77-2,75), 2-5 fights (OR: 3.43; 95% CI: 2.54-4.63), or 6 fights or more (OR: 5.95; 95% CI: 4.37-8.11) (P for trend < 0.001) during the 12 months preceding the survey than in children unexposed to PV. Conclusion Childhood exposure to PV and SV is common among African children in some countries and is associated with multiple adverse health behaviours. In developing countries, increased awareness of the frequency of exposure to violence among children and its potential health consequences may lead to heightened attention to the need for health promotion and preventive programmes that address the problem. C1 [Brown, David W.; Riley, Leanne; Butchart, Alexander; Meddings, David R.; Harvey, Alison Phinney] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Kann, Laura] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), WHO, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM dwbrown.6@gmail.com NR 12 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 13 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 87 IS 6 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.2471/BLT.07.047423 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 459JH UT WOS:000267097500011 PM 19565123 ER PT J AU Eheman, CR Shaw, KM Ryerson, AB Miller, JW Ajani, UA White, M AF Eheman, Christie R. Shaw, Kate M. Ryerson, Aliza Blythe Miller, Jacqueline W. Ajani, Umed A. White, Mary TI The Changing Incidence of In situ and Invasive Ductal and Lobular Breast Carcinomas: United States, 1999-2004 SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID MENOPAUSAL HORMONE-THERAPY; SURGICAL ADJUVANT BREAST; CANCER INCIDENCE; INCIDENCE RATES; RISK-FACTORS; SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; WOMEN; TRENDS; AGE AB Background: National incidence rates for lobular and ductal breast cancers have not been available previously. Evidence suggests that the increased risk of breast cancer associated with combined hormone replacement therapy use is higher for invasive lobular cancers (ILC) than for invasive ductal cancers (IDC). This study provides U.S. incidence rates for these histologic types for both in situ and invasive cancers and assesses changes in the incidence of these cancers over time. Methods: Data for this study included incident ductal and lobular breast cancer cases diagnosed from 1999 through 2004 in central cancer registries in 44 states and the District of Columbia from the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. We estimated incidence per 100,000 women by 10-year age groups, race, and ethnicity. We also assessed the percent change in invasive and in situ cancer incidence over time. Results: We observed distinct differences in the change of incidence over time between in situ and invasive lobular and ductal breast cancers. The age-adjusted rates of ILC and IDC declined an average of 4.6% and 3.3% per year, respectively. Overall, ILC decreased 20.5% from 1999 to 2004. The patterns of ductal and lobular in situ cancer incidence were not consistent over time, and the total change was negligible. Conclusion: The declines in ILC observed in our study are consistent with a decrease in cancer incidence related to a reduced use of combined hormone replacement therapy. However, other factors could also be responsible for these changes. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(6):1763-9) C1 [Eheman, Christie R.; Shaw, Kate M.; Ajani, Umed A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Canc Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ryerson, Aliza Blythe; Miller, Jacqueline W.; White, Mary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eheman, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Canc Surveillance Branch, MS-K-55,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CEheman@CDC.GOV RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1763 EP 1769 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1082 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 455JD UT WOS:000266754100016 PM 19454615 ER PT J AU Ding, YS Blount, BC Valentin-Blasini, L Applewhite, HS Xia, Y Watson, CH Ashley, DL AF Ding, Yan S. Blount, Benjamin C. Valentin-Blasini, Liza Applewhite, Heather S. Xia, Yang Watson, Clifford H. Ashley, David L. TI Simultaneous Determination of Six Mercapturic Acid Metabolites of Volatile Organic Compounds in Human Urine SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; S-PHENYLMERCAPTURIC ACID; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BENZENE EXPOSURE; TRANS,TRANS-MUCONIC ACID; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BIOMARKERS; CHEMICALS; ACROLEIN; BREATH AB The widespread exposure to potentially harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) merits the development of practical and accurate exposure assessment methods. Measuring the urinary concentrations of VOC mercapturic acid (MA) metabolites provides noninvasive and selective information about recent exposure to certain VOCs. We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying urinary levels of six MAs: N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine (CEMA), N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (HPMA), N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-butenyl)-L-cysteine (MHBMA), N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine (DHBMA), N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (HEMA), and N-acetyl-S-(phenyl)-L-cysteine (PMA). The method provides good accuracy (102% mean accuracy) and high precision (3.5% mean precision). The sensitivity (limits of detection of 0.01-0.20 mu g/L) and wide dynamic detection range (0.025-500 mu g/L) make this method suitable for assessing VOC exposure of minimally exposed populations and those with significant exposures, such as cigarette smokers. We used this method to quantify MA levels in urine collected from smokers and nonsmokers. Median levels of creatinine-corrected CEMA, HPMA, MHBMA, DHBMA, HEMA, and PMA among nonsmokers (n = 59) were 38.1, 24.3, 21.3, 104.7, 0.9, and 0.5 mu g/g creatinine respectively. Among smokers (n = 61), median levels of CEMA, HPMA, MHBMA. DHBMA, HEMA, and PMA were 214.4, 839.7, 10.2, 509.7, 2.2, and 0.9 mu g/g creatinine, respectively. All VOC MAs measured were higher among smokers than among nonsmokers, with the exception of MHBMA. C1 [Ding, Yan S.; Blount, Benjamin C.; Valentin-Blasini, Liza; Applewhite, Heather S.; Xia, Yang; Watson, Clifford H.; Ashley, David L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Blount, BC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bblount@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X EI 1520-5010 J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1018 EP 1025 DI 10.1021/tx800468w PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 458KX UT WOS:000267020500007 PM 19522547 ER PT J AU Hopf, NB Waters, MA Ruder, AM AF Hopf, Nancy Brenna Waters, Martha A. Ruder, Avima M. TI Cumulative exposure estimates for polychlorinated biphenyls using a job-exposure matrix SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE JEM; Inhalation exposures; Dermal exposures; Job exposure categories; Cohort study; Exposure assessment ID CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS WORKERS; RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; INDUSTRIAL-HYGIENE; DERMAL ABSORPTION; HALF-LIFE; MORTALITY; PCBS; UPDATE; CANCER AB PCB exposure has been associated with increased risk for cancer, neurological disease, and for birth defects in children exposed in utero. Because of the long half-lives of PCB congeners, they remain a public health problem in the United States 30 years after being banned. Workers (n = 3569) at an Indiana capacitor manufacturing plant were exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from 1957 to 1977. The purpose of this work was to develop a period-specific job-exposure matrix (JEM) for a follow-up epidemiologic study investigating the increased risks for cancer previously observed in the cohort. Methods: We used eight exposure determinants to estimate PCB exposures systematically. Work history, job description, capacitor production factors, PCB usage trends, and air sample data were used to develop the JEM in four steps: (1) all job titles (n = 884) were assessed for exposure determinants, (2) jobs with similar exposure determinants were grouped, (3) for each job exposure category, exposure intensity (high-medium-low-background) and frequency (continuous-intermittent) were qualitatively rated separately for inhalation and dermal exposure, and (4) for each job exposure category, the product of intensity (based on air sampling data) and frequency (fraction of day exposed) was calculated. The JEM was then modified for two eras of different PCB exposure conditions. Results: The resulting JEM consists of inhalation and dermal exposure values for 19 job exposure categories. Conclusion: The JEM showed an exposure-response trend associated with increased brain cancer mortality in the epidemiologic study. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hopf, Nancy Brenna; Waters, Martha A.; Ruder, Avima M.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Hopf, NB (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM NancyBHopf@gmail.com RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2009 VL 76 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.058 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 460AJ UT WOS:000267155600006 PM 19394668 ER PT J AU Melnick, N Rajam, G Carlone, GM Sampson, JS Ades, EW AF Melnick, Nikkol Rajam, Gowrisankar Carlone, George M. Sampson, Jacquelyn S. Ades, Edwin W. TI Evaluation of a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Treating Severe Pneumococcal Infection Using a Mouse Model SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE ADHESIN-A; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS; KENYA; CELLS AB P4, a 28-amino-acid peptide, is a eukaryotic cellular activator that enhances specific in vitro opsonophagocytic killing of multiple bacterial pathogens. In a previous study, we successfully recreated this phenomenon in mice in vivo by using a two-dose regimen of P4 and pathogen-specific antibodies, which significantly reduced moribundity in mice. For the present study, we hypothesized that the inclusion of a low-dose antibiotic would make it possible to treat the infected mice with a single dose containing a mixture of P4 and a pathogen-specific antibody. A single dose consisting of P4, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and ceftriaxone effectively reduced moribundity compared to that of untreated controls (n = 10) by 75% (P < 0.05) and rescued all (10 of 10) infected animals (P < 0.05). If rescued animals were reinfected with Streptococcus pneumoniae and treated with a single dose containing P4, IVIG, and ceftriaxone, they could be rerescued. This observation of the repeated successful use of P4 combination therapy demonstrates a low risk of tolerance development. Additionally, we examined the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) derived from infected mice and observed that P4 enhanced in vitro opsonophagocytic killing (by >80% over the control level; P < 0.05). This finding supports our hypothesis that PMN are activated by P4 during opsonophagocytosis and the recovery of mice from pneumococcal infection. P4 peptide-based combination therapy may offer an alternative and rapid immunotherapy to treat fulminant pneumococcal infection. C1 [Ades, Edwin W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Labs, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ades, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Labs, Div Bacterial Dis, Bldg 18,Room B-104,MS G-05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM EAdes@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6 BP 806 EP 810 DI 10.1128/CVI.00120-09 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 453UR UT WOS:000266638900004 PM 19386795 ER PT J AU Scheel, CM Samayoa, B Herrera, A Lindsley, MD Benjamin, L Reed, Y Hart, J Lima, S Rivera, BE Raxcaco, G Chiller, T Arathoon, E Gomez, BL AF Scheel, Christina M. Samayoa, Blanca Herrera, Alejandro Lindsley, Mark D. Benjamin, Lynette Reed, Yvonne Hart, John Lima, Sandra Rivera, Blanca E. Raxcaco, Gabriella Chiller, Tom Arathoon, Eduardo Gomez, Beatriz L. TI Development and Evaluation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Detect Histoplasma capsulatum Antigenuria in Immunocompromised Patients SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINE SAMPLES; IMMUNOASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; AIDS AB Histoplasma capsulatum infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, particularly those in countries with limited access to rapid diagnostics or antiretroviral therapies. The fungus easily disseminates in persons with AIDS, resulting in progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH), which can progress rapidly to death if undiagnosed. The availability of a simple, rapid method to detect H. capsulatum infection in less developed countries where the infection is endemic would dramatically decrease the time to diagnosis and treatment of PDH. We have developed an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect PDH antigenuria in infected patients. The assay uses polyclonal antibodies against H. capsulatum as both capture and detection reagents, and a standard reference curve is included to quantify antigenuria and ensure reproducibility. We evaluated this assay using specimens collected from patients with AIDS and culture-proven histoplasmosis in a Guatemalan clinic (n = 48), from healthy persons (n = 83), and from patients with other, nonhistoplasmosis diseases (n = 114). The ELISA demonstrated a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 95% in detecting H. capsulatum antigen in urine. This assay relies on simple technology that can be performed in institutions with limited resources. Use of this test will facilitate rapid diagnosis of PDH in countries where mortality is high, expediting treatment and likely reducing PDH-related mortality. C1 [Scheel, Christina M.; Lindsley, Mark D.; Benjamin, Lynette; Chiller, Tom; Gomez, Beatriz L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Reed, Yvonne; Hart, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Resources, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Samayoa, Blanca; Herrera, Alejandro; Lima, Sandra; Rivera, Blanca E.; Raxcaco, Gabriella; Arathoon, Eduardo] Hosp Gen San Juan de Dios, Clin Familiar Luis Angel Garcia, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Scheel, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cscheel@cdc.gov FU Association for Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Silver Spring, Maryland; Asociacion de Salud Integral (ASI), Guatemala City, Guatemala; International Emerging Infections Program-Guatemala (IEIP-Guatemala); Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala FX This work was supported in part by The Association for Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Silver Spring, Maryland, the Asociacion de Salud Integral (ASI), Guatemala City, Guatemala, and the International Emerging Infections Program-Guatemala (IEIP-Guatemala), Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala, in cooperation with the Global Disease Detection Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.; We thank Steven F. Hurst, Pamela Riley, and Courtney Ferrebee for their technical help and expertise, Juliette Morgan for epidemiological support, Celia Cordon and Byron Arana for financial administration, Angela Restrepo for providing the paracoccidioidomycosis patient urine specimens and for careful review of the manuscript, and Mary Brandt and David Warnock for their valued advice and support throughout this endeavor.; The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 EI 1556-679X J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6 BP 852 EP 858 DI 10.1128/CVI.00066-09 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 453UR UT WOS:000266638900011 PM 19357311 ER PT J AU Botelho, JC Shacklady, C Razdan, R Smith, A Vesper, HW AF Botelho, J. C. Shacklady, C. Razdan, R. Smith, A. Vesper, H. W. TI Commutability of Serum-based Reference and Proficiency Testing Materials for Total Testosterone with Selected Immunoassays SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 [Botelho, J. C.; Shacklady, C.; Razdan, R.; Smith, A.; Vesper, H. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 55 IS 6 BP A187 EP A187 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 456ZZ UT WOS:000266895401168 ER PT J AU Edwards, SH Pyatt, SD Stribling, SL Dobbin, KD Kimberly, MK Myers, GL AF Edwards, S. H. Pyatt, S. D. Stribling, S. L. Dobbin, K. D. Kimberly, M. K. Myers, G. L. TI Measurement of Total Glyceride in Serum with Gas Chromatography-Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 [Edwards, S. H.; Pyatt, S. D.; Kimberly, M. K.; Myers, G. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stribling, S. L.; Dobbin, K. D.] Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 55 IS 6 BP A85 EP A85 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 456ZZ UT WOS:000266895400263 ER PT J AU Rabinowitz, DJ Zhang, M Paladugula, N LaVoie, DJ Pfeiffer, CM AF Rabinowitz, D. J. Zhang, M. Paladugula, N. LaVoie, D. J. Pfeiffer, C. M. TI A Fresh Look at the Folate Microbiological Assay, Including Dried Blood Spots and Preanalytical Conditions for Whole Blood Samples SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 [Rabinowitz, D. J.; Zhang, M.; Paladugula, N.; LaVoie, D. J.; Pfeiffer, C. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 55 IS 6 BP A227 EP A228 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 456ZZ UT WOS:000266895401285 ER PT J AU Talekar, SJ AF Talekar, S. J. TI Evaluation of the Roche COBAS Ampliprep TNAI/Taqman 48 RUO Assay for Quantification of HCV RNA SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 [Talekar, S. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Virol Hepatitis, Hepatitis Reference Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 55 IS 6 BP A144 EP A144 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 456ZZ UT WOS:000266895401030 ER PT J AU Kun, H Moore, A Mascola, L Steurer, F Lawrence, G Kubak, B Radhakrishna, S Leiby, D Herron, R Mone, T Hunter, R Kuehnert, M AF Kun, Heather Moore, Anne Mascola, Laurene Steurer, Frank Lawrence, Gena Kubak, Bernard Radhakrishna, Suman Leiby, David Herron, Ross Mone, Tom Hunter, Robert Kuehnert, Matthew CA Chagas Dis Transplant Recipients I TI Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi by Heart Transplantation SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CHAGAS-DISEASE; LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; UNITED-STATES; EARLY-DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; DONORS; REACTIVATION; RECIPIENT AB Background. Trypanosoma cruzi infection (i.e., Chagas disease) is an unusual complication that can occur after solid-organ transplantation and that can result in severe illness or death. In 2006, there were 2 heart transplant recipients in Los Angeles, California, reported to have acute trypanosomiasis during the same month. We conducted an investigation to determine the source of these infections. Methods. We reviewed the medical, organ procurement, and donor transfusion and transplantation records of these 2 heart transplant recipients. The 2 heart transplant recipients were interviewed regarding any kind of natural exposure and were screened for parasites by obtaining blood and other tissue samples for buffy coat, culture, and polymerase chain reaction. Serum samples from the heart transplant recipients, organ donors, and blood donors were tested for T. cruzi antibodies by use of immunofluorescence assay and radioimmunoprecipitation assay. Tissue samples from the organ donors were examined by use of polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. Other recipients of organs from the same donors were monitored for T. cruzi infection by use of polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence assay. Results. Both heart transplant recipients had no apparent risk factors for preexisting T. cruzi infection. Both were seronegative but tested positive for the parasite, indicating recent infection. Both recipients died despite medical treatment. The organ donors tested positive for T. cruzi antibodies by use of radioimmunoprecipitation assay; the blood donors were seronegative. Six other patients had received a liver or kidney from these organ donors. None showed evidence of T. cruzi infection. Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. cruzi transmission associated with heart transplantation. Clinicians and public health authorities should be aware that manifestations of Chagas disease can occur after transplantation, requiring rapid evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. C1 [Moore, Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F 22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kun, Heather] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kuehnert, Matthew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mascola, Laurene] Acute Communicable Dis Control Program, Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kubak, Bernard] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Radhakrishna, Suman] Univ So Calif, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Herron, Ross] Amer Red Cross, So Calif Reg, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Mone, Tom] OneLegacy, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hunter, Robert] Calif Dept Hlth, Lab Field Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Leiby, David] Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. RP Moore, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F 22, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aym2@cdc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Financial support. Intramural funding from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 40 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1534 EP 1540 DI 10.1086/598931 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 441DL UT WOS:000265749400006 PM 19400748 ER PT J AU Sunenshine, R Schultz, M Lawrence, MG Shin, S Jensen, B Zubairi, S Labriola, AM Shams, A Noble-Wang, J Arduino, MJ Gordin, F Srinivasan, A AF Sunenshine, Rebecca Schultz, Maureen Lawrence, Mary G. Shin, Soo Jensen, Bette Zubairi, Sabiha Labriola, Ann M. Shams, Alicia Noble-Wang, Judith Arduino, Matthew J. Gordin, Fred Srinivasan, Arjun TI An Outbreak of Postoperative Gram-Negative Bacterial Endophthalmitis Associated with Contaminated Trypan Blue Ophthalmic Solution SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; PHARMACY AB We report 6 cases of postsurgical endophthalmitis due to gram-negative bacteria associated with contaminated trypan blue dye from a compounding pharmacy. Unopened trypan blue syringes yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia complex on culture, with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns indistinguishable from patient isolates. Contamination of compounded medications should be considered when investigating outbreaks of postoperative endophthalmitis. C1 [Sunenshine, Rebecca; Jensen, Bette; Shams, Alicia; Noble-Wang, Judith; Arduino, Matthew J.; Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schultz, Maureen; Shin, Soo; Zubairi, Sabiha; Labriola, Ann M.; Gordin, Fred] Georgetown Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Shin, Soo] Georgetown Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Washington, DC USA. [Labriola, Ann M.; Gordin, Fred] George Washington Univ, Dept Med, Washington, DC USA. [Lawrence, Mary G.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ophthalmol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Lawrence, Mary G.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Sunenshine, R (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, 150 N 18th Ave,Ste 100, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. EM Sunensr@azdhs.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1580 EP 1583 DI 10.1086/598938 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 441DL UT WOS:000265749400013 PM 19400746 ER PT J AU Shulga, SV Rota, PA Kremer, JR Naumova, MA Muller, CP Tikhonova, NT Lopareva, EN Mamaeva, TA Tsvirkun, OV Mulders, MN Lipskaya, GY Gerasimova, AG AF Shulga, S. V. Rota, P. A. Kremer, J. R. Naumova, M. A. Muller, C. P. Tikhonova, N. T. Lopareva, E. N. Mamaeva, T. A. Tsvirkun, O. V. Mulders, M. N. Lipskaya, G. Y. Gerasimova, A. G. TI Genetic variability of wild-type measles viruses, circulating in the Russian Federation during the implementation of the National Measles Elimination Program, 2003-2007 SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Elimination; genotype; indigenous transmission; measles virus; molecular epidemiology ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES; VIETNAM; REGION; CHINA AB Genetic characterization of wild-type measles viruses (MVs) is an important component of laboratory surveillance of measles. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis was performed of the nucleoprotein gene sequences of 228 MVs isolated in the Russian Federation between 2003 and 2007. Five genotypes, D4, D5, D6, D8, and H1, were detected. From 1999 through the first 6 months of 2003, the most prevalent genotype in the European part of Russia was D4. All genotype D4-type viruses were closely related to each other (with overall sequence diversity of <= 0.9%), suggesting the presence of a single endemic MV strain. After 2003, viruses with closely related sequences within genotype D6 (<= 0.9% sequence diversity) were prevalent. During this time, there was a low level of indigenous transmission of genotype D6, and genotype D6 viruses were imported from neighbouring countries, which led to the identification of two lineages of genotype D6, i.e. D6a and D6b. Lineage D6a was closely related to viruses isolated in Turkey, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, whereas lineage D6b was linked to a large outbreak in Ukraine in 2005-2006. Genotypes H1, D5 and D8 were associated with sporadic cases and clusters of transmission linked to importations. Enhanced vaccination interrupted the transmission of the previous endemic lineage D4 in 2003 and of lineage D6a in 2005, although an accumulation of susceptible individuals in the population allowed for prolonged circulation of lineage D6b. These data on MV genotype distribution, in conjunction with the epidemiological data for measles, show considerable progress in measles control and suggest that regional elimination is possible. C1 [Shulga, S. V.; Naumova, M. A.; Tikhonova, N. T.; Mamaeva, T. A.; Tsvirkun, O. V.; Gerasimova, A. G.] GN Gabrichevskii Epidemiol & Microbiol Res Inst, WHO European Reference Lab Measles & Rubella, Moscow 125212, Russia. [Rota, P. A.; Lopareva, E. N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesviruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kremer, J. R.; Muller, C. P.] WHO Collaborat Ctr Measles, Inst Immunol, WHO Reg Reference Lab Measles & Rubella, Lab Natl Sante, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Mulders, M. N.; Lipskaya, G. Y.] WHO, Reg Off Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Shulga, SV (reprint author), GN Gabrichevskii Epidemiol & Microbiol Res Inst, WHO European Reference Lab Measles & Rubella, Admiral Makarov St 10, Moscow 125212, Russia. EM s.shulga@gabrich.ru FU WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark FX This study was supported by grants from the WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. All authors declare that they do not have any conflicting or dual interests with respect to the publication of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 528 EP 537 DI 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02748.x PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 474CZ UT WOS:000268261300006 PM 19392887 ER PT J AU Gidengil, CA Rusinak, D Allred, NJ Luff, D Lee, GM Lieu, TA AF Gidengil, Courtney A. Rusinak, Donna Allred, Norma J. Luff, Donna Lee, Grace M. Lieu, Tracy A. TI Financial Barriers to Implementing Combination Vaccines: Perspectives From Pediatricians and Policy Makers SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vaccines; combination vaccines; health care delivery ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDHOOD VACCINATIONS; CHILDREN; TIMELINESS; COVERAGE; PARENTS AB To describe the factors that affect the use of new combination vaccines, the authors conducted qualitative interviews with pediatricians (n = 7), state immunization program managers (n = 7), and health insurance plan representatives (n = 6 plans). Respondents from each group identified reduction in pain and potentially increased immunization coverage as key benefits of new combination vaccines. For several pediatricians, low reimbursement for cost of vaccine doses and potential loss of fees for vaccine administration were barriers to using combination vaccines. For most state immunization programs, the higher cost of combination vaccines relative to separate vaccines was an important consideration but not a barrier to adoption. Most insurers were not aware of the financial issues for providers, but some had changed or were willing to change reimbursement to support the use of new combination vaccines. Financial issues for pediatric practices that purchase and provide vaccines for children may be an important barrier to offering combination vaccines. C1 [Gidengil, Courtney A.; Luff, Donna; Lieu, Tracy A.] Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp Boston, Sch Med, Harvard Pediat Hlth Serv Res Fellowship Program, Boston, MA 02458 USA. [Gidengil, Courtney A.; Lee, Grace M.] Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp Boston, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02458 USA. [Gidengil, Courtney A.; Rusinak, Donna; Lee, Grace M.; Lieu, Tracy A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Boston, MA 02458 USA. [Gidengil, Courtney A.; Rusinak, Donna; Lee, Grace M.; Lieu, Tracy A.] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. [Allred, Norma J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Immunizat Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Luff, Donna; Lieu, Tracy A.] Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp Boston, Sch Med, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA 02458 USA. [Lee, Grace M.] Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp Boston, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA 02458 USA. RP Gidengil, CA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp Boston, Sch Med, Harvard Pediat Hlth Serv Res Fellowship Program, 300 Longwood Ave,AU-522, Boston, MA 02458 USA. EM courtney.gidengil@childrens.harvard.edu FU AHRQ HHS [T32 HS000063-13]; NCIRD CDC HHS [1U01 IP000143-01] NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 539 EP 547 DI 10.1177/0009922808330773 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 444BL UT WOS:000265954800012 PM 19318705 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Giles, WH AF Brown, David W. Croft, Janet B. Greenlund, Kurt J. Giles, Wayne H. TI Average Age at Death from COPD in the United States: 1980-85, 1990-95, 2000-05 SO COPD-JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LA English DT Letter DE pulmonary disease; chronic obstructive; mortality; statistics ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE AB COPD represents an important public health challenge, in the US and globally, that is both preventable and treatable. We describe the average age at death from COPD, a leading cause of death in the US, using data from the National Vital Statistics System for the periods 1980-85, 1990-95, and 2000-05. Average age at death from COPD increased 3-4 years between 1980-85 and 2000-05 for men and women as well as for Whites and Blacks. C1 [Brown, David W.; Croft, Janet B.; Greenlund, Kurt J.; Giles, Wayne H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS K45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbrown6@cdc.gov; jbc0@cdc.gov; keg9@cdc.gov; hwg0@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1541-2555 J9 COPD JI COPD-J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 152 EP 154 DI 10.1080/15412550902918428 PG 3 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 475LE UT WOS:000268359600003 PM 19811369 ER PT J AU Zegans, ME Sanchez, PA Likosky, DS Allar, RT Martin, M Schwartzman, JD Pryor, JH Turco, JH Whitney, CG AF Zegans, Michael E. Sanchez, Paid A. Likosky, Donald S. Allar, Rory T. Martin, Michael Schwartzman, Joseph D. Pryor, John H. Turco, John H. Whitney, Cynthia G. TI Clinical Features, Outcomes, and Costs of a Conjunctivitis Outbreak Caused by the ST448 Strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae SO CORNEA LA English DT Article DE conjunctivitis; pneumococcus; ST448; Streptococcus pneumoniae; epidemic ID MASS PSYCHOGENIC ILLNESS; EPIDEMIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS AB Purpose: An Outbreak of pneumococcal conjunctivitis occurred at Dartmouth College in 2002. We describe the clinical features, outcomes, and costs associated with this outbreak. Methods: Six hundred ninety-eight Students were diagnosed with conjunctivitis; culture of conjunctival discharge was obtained for 254. A screening protocol was used to evaluate 67 patients. A retrospective survey was offered to all 698 cases and follow-Lip clinical examination to all patients with culture-confirmed infection (n = 110). Local ophthalmology offices were contacted to develop a cost analysis. The college health service provided conjuctivitis data for nonoutbreak years. Results: Of 67 patients evaluated using the screening protocol, findings associated with culture-confirmed Streptococcus pneumoniae conjuctivitis (P < 0.01) were red eye visible from 2 feet, any type of conjunctival discharge, obscuration of tarsal conjunctival blood vessels, and chemosis. Two hundred thirty-two students responded to our retrospective survey; 89% reported bilateral eye involvement; 96% received topical antibiotics and noted symptom improvement within 3 days of treatment. No ocular sequelae were identified as a result of this infection. No recurrent outbreaks have occurred at Dartmouth since the initial event. The estimated cost of this outbreak including evaluations, cultures, and antibiotics ranged from $66,468 to $120,583. Conclusions: The ST448 strain of S. pneumoniae caused a disruptive Outbreak of conjunctivitis at Dartmouth College. A screening protocol was effective at identifying culture-positive cases. Although most culture-positive patients experienced bilateral conjunctivitis, the clinical course was mild with quick resolution of symptoms after initiating antibiotics and no ocular sequelae. C1 [Zegans, Michael E.] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Sect Ophthalmol, Dept Surg, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. [Zegans, Michael E.] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. [Sanchez, Paid A.] SW Eye Care Specialists, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Likosky, Donald S.] Dartmouth Coll, Dartmouth Inst Hlth Policy & Clin Practice, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Allar, Rory T.] Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dartmouth Med Sch, Hanover, NH 03756 USA. [Martin, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schwartzman, Joseph D.] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. [Pryor, John H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cooperat Inst Res Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Turco, John H.] Dartmouth Coll, Dartmouth Coll Hlth Serv, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Whitney, Cynthia G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zegans, ME (reprint author), Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Sect Ophthalmol, Dept Surg, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. EM michael.e.zegans@dartmouth.edu FU National Eye Institute [1 K08 EY13977-01] FX Supported in part by a grant (1 K08 EY13977-01 to Dr. Zegans) from the National Eye Institute. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3740 J9 CORNEA JI Cornea PD JUN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 5 BP 503 EP 509 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 449QZ UT WOS:000266346400006 PM 19421049 ER PT J AU Climo, MW Sepkowitz, KA Zuccotti, G Fraser, VJ Warren, DK Perl, TM Speck, K Jernigan, JA Robles, JR Wong, ES AF Climo, Michael W. Sepkowitz, Kent A. Zuccotti, Gianna Fraser, Victoria J. Warren, David K. Perl, Trish M. Speck, Kathleen Jernigan, John A. Robles, Jaime R. Wong, Edward S. TI The effect of daily bathing with chlorhexidine on the acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and healthcare-associated bloodstream infections: Results of a quasi-experimental multicenter trial SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Staphylococcus aureus; Enterococcus; methicillin resistance; vancomycin resistance; bacteremia; chlorhexidine ID CATHETER-RELATED INFECTIONS; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; POVIDONE-IODINE; UNITED-STATES; SITE CARE; PREVENTION; GLUCONATE; COLONIZATION; DISINFECTANTS; INTERVENTION AB Objective: Spread of multidrug-resistant organisms within the intensive rare unit (ICU) results in substantial morbidity and mortality. Novel strategies are needed to reduce transmission. This study sought to determine if the use of daily chlorhexidine bathing would decrease the incidence of colonization and bloodstream infections (BSI) because of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) among ICU patents. Design, Setting, and Patients: Six ICUs at four academic centers measured the incidence of MRSA and VRE colonization and BSI during a period of bathing with routine soap for 6 months and then compared results with a 6-month period where all admitted patients received daily bathing with a chlorhexidine solution. Changes in incidence were evaluated by Poisson and segmented regression modeling. Interventions. Daily bathing with a chlorhexidine-containing solution. Measurements and Main Results: Acquisition of MRSA decreased 32%(5.04 vs. 3.44 cases/1000 patient days, p = 0.046) and acquisition of VREdecreased 50% (4.35 vs. 2.19 cases/1000 patient days, p = 0.008) following the introduction of daily chlorhexidine bathing. Segmented regression analysis demonstrated significant reductions in VRE bacteremia (p = 0.02) following the introduction of chlorhexidine bathing. VRE-colonized patents bathed with chlorhexidine had a lower risk of developing VRE bacteremia (relative risk 3.35; 95% confidence interval 1.13-937; p = 0.035), suggesting that reductions in the level of colonization led to the observed reductions in BSI. Conclusion: We conclude that daily chlorhexidine bathing among ICU patients may reduce the acquisition of MRSA and VRE. The approach is simple to implement and inexpensive and may be an important adjunctive intervention to barrier precautions to reduce acquisition of VRE and MRSA and the subsequent development of healthcare-associated BSI (Crit Care Med 2009; 37:1858-1865) C1 [Robles, Jaime R.; Wong, Edward S.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Climo, Michael W.] Hunter Holmes McGuire Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. [Sepkowitz, Kent A.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Clin Affairs Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Zuccotti, Gianna] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Welksley, MA USA. [Fraser, Victoria J.; Warren, David K.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. [Speck, Kathleen] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Perl, Trish M.] Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Jernigan, John A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent & Response Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wong, ES (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM edward.wong@va.gov OI Warren, David/0000-0001-8679-8241 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was supported by a cooperative program award from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 38 TC 161 Z9 163 U1 2 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1858 EP 1865 DI 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819ffe6d PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 448ZK UT WOS:000266300300004 PM 19384220 ER PT J AU Hampson, NB Rudd, RA Hauff, NM AF Hampson, Neil B. Rudd, Rose Anne Hauff, Niels M. TI Increased long-term mortality among survivors of acute carbon monoxide poisoning SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; poisoning; mortality; cause of death ID HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS AB Objective: Recent data suggest that patients surviving acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning (COP) may have increased risk for long-term mortality. The objective of this study was to analyze long-term mortality of a large population of CO-poisoned patients treated at one medical center over three decades. Design: Retrospective cohort study of patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen and surviving the acute poisoning episode. Long-term mortality was compared to a standard population. Comparison of mortality within the cohort by clinical indicators of poisoning severity was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Setting: Regional referral center for hyperbaric treatment of COP. Patients. One thousand seventy-three patients aged >= 18 years treated from 1978 to 2005. Interventions.-All patients received hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Measurements and Main Results: During 11,741 person-years of follow-up, 162 subjects died. The expected number of deaths was 87 (standardized mortality ratio [SMR]), 1.9; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.6-2.2). Most of the excess mortality was in the group treated initially for intentional COP (58 excess deaths; SMR, 3.7; 95% Cl, 2.9-4.6) vs. those treated for accidental COP (17 excess deaths; SMR, 1.3; 95% Cl, 1.01-1.6). For the entire cohort, the major causes of death with significantly raised mortality were mental and psychiatric disorders, injuries, and violence. More specific causes of death with significantly raised mortality were alcoholism, motor vehicle accidents with pedestrians, motor vehicle accidents of unspecified type, accidental poisonings, and intentional self-harm. Within cohort comparisons showed that no difference in survival was observed by measure of CO poisoning severity, after controlling for age at poisoning, sex, race, and intent of GO poisoning. Conclusions: Adult survivors of acute CO poisoning treated with hyperbaric oxygen were at increased risk for long-term mortality. Such patients should be followed closely after discharge with consideration given to psychiatric and/or neurocognitive evaluation, as appropriate. (Grit Care Med 2009; 37:1941-1947) C1 [Hampson, Neil B.] Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Sect, Ctr Hyperbar Med, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Rudd, Rose Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hauff, Niels M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Hampson, NB (reprint author), Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Sect, Ctr Hyperbar Med, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM neil.hampson@vmmc.org NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1941 EP 1947 DI 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a0064f PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 448ZK UT WOS:000266300300016 PM 19384195 ER PT J AU Hoffman, S Goodman, RA Stier, DD AF Hoffman, Sharona Goodman, Richard A. Stier, Daniel D. TI Law, Liability, and Public Health Emergencies SO DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS LA English DT Article DE liability; immunity; public health emergencies; responders; causes of action ID HURRICANE AB According to many experts, a public health emergency arising from an influenza pandemic, bioterrorism attack, or natural disaster is likely to develop in the next few years. Meeting the public health and medical response needs created by such an emergency will likely involve volunteers, health care professionals, public and private hospitals and clinics, vaccine manufacturers, governmental authorities, and many others. Conducting response activities in emergency circumstances may give rise to numerous issues of liability, and medical professionals and other potential responders have expressed concern about liability exposure. Providers may face inadequate resources, an insufficient number of qualified personnel, overwhelming demand for services, and other barriers to providing optimal treatment, which could lead to injury or even death in some cases. This article describes the different theories of liability that may be used by plaintiffs and the sources of immunity that are available to public health emergency responders in the public sector, private sector, and as volunteers. It synthesizes the existing immunity landscape and analyzes its gaps. Finally, the authors suggest consideration of the option of a comprehensive immunity provision that addresses liability protection for all health care providers during public health emergencies and that, consequently, assists in improving community emergency response efforts. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009; 3: 117-125) C1 [Hoffman, Sharona] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Law, Law Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Goodman, Richard A.; Stier, Daniel D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Off Strategy & Innovat, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hoffman, S (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Law, Law Med Ctr, 11075 E Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM sharona.hoffman@case.edu NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1935-7893 J9 DISASTER MED PUBLIC JI Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1097/DMP.0b013e318194898d PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 583QC UT WOS:000276692400013 PM 19092672 ER PT J AU Belser, JA Bridges, CB Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Belser, Jessica A. Bridges, Carolyn B. Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Past, Present, and Possible Future Human Infection with Influenza Virus A Subtype H7 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FOWL PLAGUE VIRUS; AVIAN-INFLUENZA; A VIRUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COMMERCIAL POULTRY; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN-BEINGS; OUTBREAK; MICE; CONJUNCTIVITIS AB CME ACTIVITY Medscape, LLC is pleased to provide online continuing medical education (CME) for this journal article, allowing clinicians the opportunity to cam CME credit. This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of Medscape, LLC and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Medscape, LLC is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians Medscape, LLC designates this educational activity for a maximum of 0.75 A AM PRA Category 1 Credits (TM), Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. All other clinicians completing this activity will be issued a certificate of participation. To participate in this journal CME activity: (1) review the learning objectives and author disclosures (2) study the education content (3) take the post-test and/or complete the evaluation at http://www.medscape.com/cme/eid; (4) view/print certificate. Learning Objectives Upon completion of this activity, participants will be able to: Describe the transmission mechanism and attack rate for the 1-17 strain of influenza virus in humans Describe clinical manifestations of 1-17 virus infection in humans Identify reasons for increased prevalence of human infection with the H7 virus in future Describe differences in clinical presentation of infection with H5N1 and H7 viruses Identify the best strategy for protection against avian virus infection for humans Editor Carol Snarey, Copyeditor, Emerging Infectious Diseases. Disclosure: Carol Snarey has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. CME Author Desiree Lie, MD, MSEd, Clinical Professor, Family Medicine, University of California, Orange; Director Division of Facully Development, UCI Medical Center; Orange, California. Disclosure: Desiree Lie, MD, MSEd, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Authors Disclosures: Jessica A. Belser, PhD; Carolyn B. Bridges, MD; Jacqueline M. Katz, PhD; and Terrence M. Tumpey, PhD, have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. C1 [Belser, Jessica A.; Bridges, Carolyn B.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Belser, Jessica A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G 16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 4 U2 16 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 859 EP 865 DI 10.3201/eid1506.090072 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 452KO UT WOS:000266539100001 PM 19523282 ER PT J AU Bonilla, DL Kabeya, H Henn, J Kramer, VL Kosoy, MY AF Bonilla, Denise L. Kabeya, Hidenori Henn, Jennifer Kramer, Vicki L. Kosoy, Michael Y. TI Bartonella quintana in Body Lice and Head Lice from Homeless Persons, San Francisco, California, USA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; INFECTIONS; PEOPLE; DIFFERENTIATION; SEROPREVALENCE; PEDICULIDAE; PATHOGENS; PELIOSIS AB Bartonella quintana is a bacterium that causes trench fever in humans. Past reports have shown Bartonella spp. infections in homeless populations in San Francisco, California, USA. The California Department of Public Health in collaboration with San Francisco Project Homeless Connect initiated a program in 2007 to collect lice from the homeless to test for B. quintana and to educate the homeless and their caregivers on prevention and control of louse-borne disease. During 2007-2008, 33.3% of body lice-infested persons and 25% of head lice-infested persons had lice pools infected with B. quintana strain Fuller. Further work is needed to examine how homeless persons acquire lice and determine the risk for illness to persons infested with B. quintana-infected lice. C1 [Bonilla, Denise L.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Kabeya, Hidenori; Kosoy, Michael Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kabeya, Hidenori] Nihon Univ, Tokyo, Japan. [Henn, Jennifer] Napa Cty Hlth & Human Serv, Napa, CA USA. RP Bonilla, DL (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Sect, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM dbonilla@cdph.ca.gov NR 22 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 912 EP 915 DI 10.3201/eid1506.090054 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 452KO UT WOS:000266539100009 PM 19523290 ER PT J AU Morissette, E Massung, RF Foley, JE Alleman, AR Foley, P Barbet, AF AF Morissette, Eric Massung, Robert F. Foley, Janet E. Alleman, A. Rick Foley, Patrick Barbet, Anthony F. TI Diversity of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Strains, USA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EHRLICHIA-PHAGOCYTOPHILA; AP-VARIANT-1 STRAIN; EXPRESSION; VARIANTS AB We analyzed the structure of the expression site encoding the immunoprotective protein MSP2/P44 from multiple Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains in the United States. The sequence of p44ESup1 had diverged in Ap-variant 1 strains infecting ruminants. In contrast, no differences were detected between A. phagocytophilum strains infecting humans and domestic dogs. C1 [Barbet, Anthony F.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Massung, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Foley, Janet E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Foley, Patrick] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Barbet, AF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Box 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM barbet@ufl.edu FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences [RO1 GM081714] FX This project was supported by National Institute of General Medical Sciences grant no. RO1 GM081714. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 928 EP 931 DI 10.3201/eid1506.081610 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 452KO UT WOS:000266539100013 PM 19523294 ER PT J AU Ghersi, BM Blazes, DL Icochea, E Gonzalez, RI Kochel, T Tinoco, Y Sovero, MM Lindstrom, S Shu, B Klimov, A Gonzalez, AE Montgomery, JM AF Ghersi, Bruno M. Blazes, David L. Icochea, Eliana Gonzalez, Rosa I. Kochel, Tadeusz Tinoco, Yeny Sovero, Merly M. Lindstrom, Stephen Shu, Bo Klimov, Alexander Gonzalez, Armando E. Montgomery, Joel M. TI Avian Influenza in Wild Birds, Central Coast of Peru SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONTAINS GENES; POULTRY; VIRUS; LINEAGES; EQUINE AB To determine genotypes of avian influenza virus circulating among wild birds in South America, we collected and tested environmental fecal samples from birds along the coast of Peru, June 2006-December 2007. The 9 isolates recovered represented 4 low-pathogenicity avian influenza strains: subtypes H3N8, H4N5, H10N9, and H13N2. C1 [Ghersi, Bruno M.; Icochea, Eliana; Gonzalez, Rosa I.; Tinoco, Yeny; Gonzalez, Armando E.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Lima 14, Peru. [Ghersi, Bruno M.; Blazes, David L.; Kochel, Tadeusz; Tinoco, Yeny; Sovero, Merly M.; Montgomery, Joel M.] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Lindstrom, Stephen; Shu, Bo; Klimov, Alexander; Montgomery, Joel M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ghersi, BM (reprint author), US NMRCD, Emerging Infect Program, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. EM bruno.ghersi@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU US Department of Defense; Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was supported by the US Department of Defense, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 935 EP 938 DI 10.3201/eid1506.080981 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 452KO UT WOS:000266539100015 PM 19523296 ER PT J AU Finks, J Wells, E Dyke, TL Husain, N Plizga, L Heddurshetti, R Wilkins, M Rudrik, J Hageman, J Patel, J Miller, C AF Finks, Jennie Wells, Eden Dyke, Teri Lee Husain, Nasir Plizga, Linda Heddurshetti, Renuka Wilkins, Melinda Rudrik, James Hageman, Jeffrey Patel, Jean Miller, Corinne TI Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Michigan, USA, 2007 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infections, which are always methicillin-resistant, are a rare but serious public health concern. We examined 2 cases in Michigan in 2007. Both patients had underlying illnesses. Isolates were vanA-positive. VRSA was neither transmitted to or from another known VRSA patient nor transmitted from patients to identified contacts. C1 [Finks, Jennie; Wells, Eden; Dyke, Teri Lee; Wilkins, Melinda; Rudrik, James; Miller, Corinne] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. [Finks, Jennie; Hageman, Jeffrey; Patel, Jean] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Husain, Nasir; Plizga, Linda] St John Macomb Oakland Hosp, Warren, MI USA. [Heddurshetti, Renuka] William Beaumont Troy Hosp, Troy, MI USA. RP Finks, J (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, 201 Townsend,5th Floor, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. EM finksj@michigan.gov NR 11 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 943 EP 945 DI 10.3201/eid1506.081312 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 452KO UT WOS:000266539100017 PM 19523298 ER PT J AU Zhang, SF Tang, Q Wu, XF Liu, Y Zhang, F Rupprecht, CE Hu, RL AF Zhang, Shoufeng Tang, Qing Wu, Xianfu Liu, Ye Zhang, Fei Rupprecht, Charles E. Hu, Rongliang TI Rabies in Ferret Badgers, Southeastern China SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Ferret badger-associated human rabies cases emerged in China in 1994. We used a retrospective epidemiologic survey, virus isolation, laboratory diagnosis, and nucleotide sequencing to document its reemergence in 2002-2008. Whether the cause is spillover from infected dogs or recent host shift and new reservoir establishment requires further investigation. C1 [Hu, Rongliang] Acad Mil Med Sci, Lab Epidemiol, Vet Res Inst, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. [Tang, Qing] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wu, Xianfu; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hu, RL (reprint author), Acad Mil Med Sci, Lab Epidemiol, Vet Res Inst, 1068 Qinglong Rd, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. EM ronglianghu@hotmail.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30630049]; China National "973" Program [2005CB523000] FX This investigation was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30630049) and the China National "973" Program (2005CB523000). NR 13 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 946 EP 949 DI 10.3201/eid1506.081485 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 452KO UT WOS:000266539100018 PM 19523299 ER PT J AU Mills, JN Alim, ANM Bunning, ML Lee, OB Wagoner, KD Amman, BR Stockton, PC Ksiazek, TG AF Mills, James N. Alim, Asiah N. M. Bunning, Michel L. Lee, Ong Bee Wagoner, Kent D. Amman, Brian R. Stockton, Patrick C. Ksiazek, Thomas G. TI Nipah Virus Infection in Dogs, Malaysia, 1999 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HENDRA; PARAMYXOVIRUS AB The 1999 outbreak of Nipah virus encephalitis in humans and pigs in Peninsular Malaysia ended with the evacuation of humans and culling of pigs in the epidemic area. Serologic screening showed that, in the absence of infected pigs, dogs were not a secondary reservoir for Nipah virus. C1 [Mills, James N.; Amman, Brian R.; Stockton, Patrick C.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Alim, Asiah N. M.] Reg Vet Diagnost Lab, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. [Bunning, Michel L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bunning, Michel L.] Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC USA. [Lee, Ong Bee] Dept Vet Serv, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Wagoner, Kent D.] Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Mills, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmills@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 950 EP 952 DI 10.3201/eid1506.080453 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 452KO UT WOS:000266539100019 PM 19523300 ER PT J AU Sobel, J Dill, T Kirkpatrick, CL Riek, L Luedtke, P Damrow, TA AF Sobel, Jeremy Dill, Tracy Kirkpatrick, Christina L. Riek, Laurel Luedtke, Patrick Damrow, Todd A. TI Clinical Recovery and Circulating Botulinum Toxin Type F in Adult Patient SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BARATII; INFANT BOTULISM; UNITED-STATES AB A 56-year-old woman in Helena, Montana, USA, who showed clinical signs of paralysis, received antitoxins to botulinum toxins A, B, and E within 24 hours; nevertheless, symptoms progressed to complete quadriplegia. On day 8, she began moving spontaneously, even though blood tests later showed botulinum toxin type F remained. C1 [Sobel, Jeremy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dill, Tracy; Kirkpatrick, Christina L.] St Peters Hosp, Helena, MT USA. [Riek, Laurel] Lewis & Clark City Cty Hlth Dept, Helena, MT USA. [Luedtke, Patrick] Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Damrow, Todd A.] Montana Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Helena, MT USA. RP Sobel, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jsobel@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 969 EP 971 DI 10.3201/eid1506.070571 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 452KO UT WOS:000266539100025 PM 19523306 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI "Sometimes the naked taste of potato reminds me of being poor" SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1001 EP 1002 DI 10.3201/eid1506.000000 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 452KO UT WOS:000266539100042 PM 19523324 ER PT J AU Lee, R Middleton, D Caldwell, K Dearwent, S Jones, S Lewis, B Monteilh, C Mortensen, ME Nickle, R Orloff, K Reger, M Risher, J Rogers, HS Watters, M AF Lee, Robin Middleton, Dan Caldwell, Kathleen Dearwent, Steve Jones, Steven Lewis, Brian Monteilh, Carolyn Mortensen, Mary Ellen Nickle, Richard Orloff, Kenneth Reger, Meghan Risher, John Rogers, Helen Schurz Watters, Michelle TI A Review of Events That Expose Children to Elemental Mercury in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE children; elemental mercury; environmental health; exposure; United States ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; NEW-YORK-CITY; DENTAL AMALGAM; NEVADA SCHOOL; VAPOR; INTOXICATION; ENVIRONMENT; COMMUNITIES; AMERICAN; SPILLS AB OBJECTIVE: Concern for children exposed to elemental mercury prompted the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to review the sources of elemental mercury exposures in children, describe the location and proportion of children affected, and make recommendations on how to prevent these exposures. In this review, we excluded mercury exposures from coal-burning facilities, dental amalgams, fish consumption, medical waste incinerators, or thimerosal-containing vaccines. DATA SOURCES: We reviewed federal, state, and regional programs with information on mercury releases along with published reports of children exposed to elemental mercury in the United States' We selected all mercury-related events that were documented to expose (or potentially expose) children. We then explored event characteristics (i.e., the exposure source, location). DATA SYNTHESIS: Primary exposure locations were at home, at school, and at other locations such as industrial property not adequately remediated or medical facilities. Exposure to small spills from broken thermometers was the most common scenario; however, reports of such exposures are declining. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Childhood exposures to elemental mercury often result from inappropriate handling or cleanup of spilled mercury. The information reviewed suggests that most releases do not lead to demonstrable harm if the exposure period is short and the mercury is properly cleaned up. RECOMMENDATIONS: Primary prevention should include health education and policy initiatives. For larger spills, better coordination among existing surveillance systems would assist in understanding the risk factors and in developing effective prevention efforts. C1 [Lee, Robin; Middleton, Dan; Dearwent, Steve; Jones, Steven; Nickle, Richard; Orloff, Kenneth; Reger, Meghan; Risher, John; Watters, Michelle] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Caldwell, Kathleen; Mortensen, Mary Ellen; Rogers, Helen Schurz] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lewis, Brian] EDS, Plano, TX USA. [Monteilh, Carolyn] TKC Integrat Serv LLC, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Lee, R (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RLee3@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 117 IS 6 BP 871 EP 878 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800337 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 451HZ UT WOS:000266462600020 PM 19590676 ER PT J AU Shim, YK Mlynarek, SP van Wijngaarden, E AF Shim, Youn K. Mlynarek, Steven P. van Wijngaarden, Edwin TI Parental Exposure to Pesticides and Childhood Brain Cancer: US Atlantic Coast Childhood Brain Cancer Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE astrocytoma; brain cancer; children; parental exposure; pesticides; PNET ID SOUTH-WALES CHILDREN; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; RISK-FACTORS; TUMORS; PREGNANCY; FARM; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS; ASTROCYTOMA; NEOPLASMS; MOTHERS AB BACKGROUND: The etiology of childhood brain cancer remains largely unknown. However, previous studies have yielded suggestive associations with parental pesticide use. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate parental exposure to pesticides at home and on the job in relation to the occurrence of brain cancer in children. METHODS: We included 526 one-to-one-matched case-control pairs. Brain cancer cases were diagnosed at < 10 years of age, and were identified from statewide cancer registries of four U.S. Atlantic Coast states. We selected controls by random digit dialing. We conducted computer-assisted telephone interviews with mothers. Using information on residential pesticide use and jobs held by fathers during the 2-year period before the child's birth, we assessed potential exposure to insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. For each job, two raters independently classified the probability and intensity of exposure; 421 pairs were available for final analysis. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional logistic regression, after adjustment for maternal education. RESULTS: A significant risk of astrocytoma was associated with exposures to herbicides from residential use (OR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-3-0). Combining parental exposures to herbicides from both residential and occupational sources, the elevated risk remained significant (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0. We observed little association with primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) for any of the pesticide classes or exposure sources considered. CONCLUSIONS: Our observation is consistent with a previous literature reporting suggestive associations between parental exposure to pesticides and risk of astrocytoma in offspring but not PNET. However, these findings should be viewed in light of limitations in exposure assessment and effective sample size. C1 [Shim, Youn K.] ATSDR, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mlynarek, Steven P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [van Wijngaarden, Edwin] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Shim, YK (reprint author), ATSDR, Div Hlth Studies, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Yshim@cdc.gov FU Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act trust fund FX This Study was funded by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act trust fund. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 117 IS 6 BP 1002 EP 1006 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800209 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 451HZ UT WOS:000266462600041 PM 19590697 ER PT J AU Toms, LML Calafat, AM Kato, K Thompson, J Harden, F Hobson, P Sjodin, A Mueller, JF AF Toms, Leisa-Maree L. Calafat, Antonia M. Kato, Kayoko Thompson, Jack Harden, Fiona Hobson, Peter Sjodin, Andreas Mueller, Jochen F. TI Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals in Pooled Blood Serum from Infants, Children, and Adults in Australia SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; NATIONAL BIRTH COHORT; HUMAN BREAST-MILK; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; NHANES 1999-2000; US POPULATION; FETAL-GROWTH; EXPOSURE; SAMPLES AB Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) have been used worldwide for more than 50 years in a wide variety of industrial and consumer products. Limited data exist on human exposure to PFCs in the Southern Hemisphere. Human blood serum collected in southeast Queensland, Australia, in 2006-2007 from 2420 donors was pooled according to age (cord blood, 0-0.5, 0.6-1, 1.1-1.5, 1.6-2, 2.1-2.5, 2.6-3, 3.1-3.5, 3.6-4, 4.1-6, 6.1-9, 9.1-12, 12.1-15, 16-30, 31-45, 46-60, and >60 years) and gender and was analyzed for eight PFCs. Across all pools, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected at the highest mean concentration (15.2 ng/mL)followed by perfluorooctanoate (PFOA, 6.4 ng/mL), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS, 3.1 ng/mL), perfluorononanoate (PFNA, 0.8 ng/mL), 2-(N-methylperfluorooctance sulfonamide) acetate (Me-PFOSA-AcOH, 0.66 ng/mL), and perfluorodecanoate (PFDeA, 0.29 ng/mL). Perfluorooctane sulfonamide was detected in only 24% of the pools, and 2-(N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide) acetate was detected in only one. PFOS concentrations were significantly higher in pools from adult males than from adult females (p = 0.002); no gender differences were apparent in the pools from children (<12 years old). The highest mean concentrations of PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFDeA, and Me-PFOSA-AcOH were found in children <15 years, while PFOS was highest in adults >60 years. Investigation into the sources and exposure pathways in Australia, in particular for children, is necessary as well as continued biomonitoring to determine the potential effects on human concentrations as a result of changes in the PFC manufacturing practices, including the cessation of production of several PFCs. C1 [Toms, Leisa-Maree L.; Thompson, Jack; Mueller, Jochen F.] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Kato, Kayoko; Sjodin, Andreas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Harden, Fiona] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Life Sci, Taringa, Qld 4068, Australia. [Hobson, Peter] Sullivan & Nicolaides Pathol, Taringa, Qld 4068, Australia. RP Toms, LML (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. EM l.toms@uq.edu.au RI Mueller, Jochen/C-6241-2008; Toms, Leisa-Maree/C-9530-2009; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010; Harden, Fiona/C-2450-2011; OI Toms, Leisa-Maree/0000-0002-1444-1638; Harden, Fiona/0000-0003-4831-2292; Mueller, Jochen/0000-0002-0000-1973 FU ARC Linkage Grant; Queensland Environmental Protection Agency; Department of Environment and Conservation, NSW; Queensland Health Scientific Services; Western Australian Department of Water; Eurofins/ERGO; The National Measurement Institute FX We thank the staff at Sullivan and Nicolaides Pathology and CDC, Nicholas Leontjewfor assistance with sample collection, and Amal Wanigatunga and Jack Reidy for technical assistance with sample analysis. We thank Diana Battistutta for guidance on statistical analysis. EnTox is a partnership between Queensland Health and The University of Queensland. This work was partially funded by an ARC Linkage Grant supported by industry partners including Queensland Environmental Protection Agency; Department of Environment and Conservation, NSW; Queensland Health Scientific Services; Western Australian Department of Water; Eurofins/ERGO; and The National Measurement Institute. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 48 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 8 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 11 BP 4194 EP 4199 DI 10.1021/es900272u PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 452NJ UT WOS:000266546700037 PM 19569351 ER PT J AU Chang, M Groseclose, SL Zaidi, AA Braden, CR AF Chang, M. Groseclose, S. L. Zaidi, A. A. Braden, C. R. TI An ecological analysis of sociodemographic factors associated with the incidence of salmonellosis, shigellosis, and E. coli O157:H7 infections in US counties SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Demographic factors; ecology; Salmonella infections; shigellosis; surveillance ID RISK-FACTORS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE DATA; ENTERIC DISEASES; FOODNET SITES; OUTBREAK; COLONIZATION; PATTERNS AB Identifying county-level sociodemographic and economic factors associated with the incidence of enteric disease may provide new insights concerning the dynamics of community transmission of these diseases as well as opportunities for prevention. We used data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, the U.S. Census Bureau, and the Health Resources and Services Administration to conduct an ecological analysis of 26 sociodemographic and economic factors associated with the incidence of salmonellosis, shigellosis, and E. coli O157:H7 infections in US counties for the period 1993 to 2002. Our study indicates that race, ethnicity, place of residence, age, educational attainment, and poverty may affect the risk of acquiring one of these enteric bacterial diseases. The lack of specificity of information regarding salmonellae and shigellae serotypes may have led to less specific associations between community-level determinants and reported incidence of those diseases. Future ecological analyses should use serotype-specific data on incidence, which may be available from laboratory-based surveillance systems. C1 [Chang, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Integrated Surveillance Syst & Serv, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Groseclose, S. L.; Zaidi, A. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS, Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent,Coordinating Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Braden, C. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chang, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mchang@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 137 IS 6 BP 810 EP 820 DI 10.1017/S0950268808001477 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 454BJ UT WOS:000266656300008 PM 18947443 ER PT J AU Roberts, H Jiles, R Mokdad, A Beckles, G Rios-Burrows, N AF Roberts, Henry Jiles, Ruth Mokdad, Ali Beckles, Gloria Rios-Burrows, Nilka TI TREND ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSED DIABETES PREVALENCE AMONG AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE YOUNG ADULTS - UNITED STATES, 1994-2007 SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE BRFSS; Diabetes; American Indian/Alaska Native AB Objective: In this study, we build on the previous findings of increased diabetes prevalence among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) young adults, by studying the rate at which annual prevalence estimates of diagnosed diabetes increased from 1994 to 2007. Design and Setting: For this study, BRFSS data for 1994-2007 from the 50 states, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin islands were analyzed. Participants: Only non-institutionalized adults aged 18 years and older were eligible to participate in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Main Outcome Measures: To examine the existence and strength of a trend, we analyzed plots and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients of annual prevalence estimates for each group of young adults. Mantel-Haenszel tests were employed to study the relationship of diagnosed diabetes prevalence and race (AI/AN, non-Hispanic White), while controlling for the time periods 1994-2000 and 2001-2007. To quantify increases in the disparity of diagnosed diabetes prevalence and race (AI/AN, non-Hispanic White), odds risk ratio estimates were employed to approximate corresponding prevalence ratio estimates for the time periods 1994-2000 and 20012007. Results: Employing Spearman's test for trend resulted in observing, during 1994-2007, statistically significant increasing trends in the annual prevalence estimates of diagnosed diabetes among AI/AN and non-Hispanic White young adults. AI/AN young adults, on average, were 1.7 (95%CI; [1.12, 2.63]) times more likely than non-Hispanic White young adults to be diagnosed with diabetes during 1994-2000 and 2.5 (95% CI;[1.93, 3.32]) times more likely during 2001-2007. Conclusion: The findings in this study suggests that the disparity in the estimated prevalence of diagnosed diabetes between AI/AN and NHW young adults widened steadily from 2001 to 2007. (Ethn Dis. 2009;19:276-279) C1 [Roberts, Henry; Jiles, Ruth; Mokdad, Ali] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Beckles, Gloria; Rios-Burrows, Nilka] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Roberts, H (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hroberts@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 276 EP 279 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 490QM UT WOS:000269516400006 PM 19769009 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Farr, SL Jamieson, DJ Warner, L Macaluso, M AF Anderson, John E. Farr, Sherry L. Jamieson, Denise J. Warner, Lee Macaluso, Maurizio TI Infertility services reported by men in the United States: national survey data SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article AB Objective: To describe the extent to which men report they or their partners had made use of infertility services, what services and conditions were reported, and what factors were associated with their use of services. Design: Analysis of the male sample of the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, a nationally-representative household survey of men 15-44. Analysis involved estimation of percentages, chi-squared tests of difference, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Setting: The 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, Cycle 6. Patient(s): A total of 4109 sexually experienced men aged 15-44 years in the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth who had received infertility services. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Percentage of men reporting that they had sought help with having a baby. Result(s): A total of 7.5% of all sexually experienced men reported a visit for help with having a child; 2.2% reported a visit in the past year, equivalent to 3.3-4.7 million men reporting a lifetime visit and 787,000-1.5 million a past-year visit. Visits were reported more frequently by older men, those currently or previously married, and the more highly educated. Male-related infertility conditions were reported by 18.1% of those who sought help, the most frequent being sperm or semen problems and varicocele. Conclusion(s): Previous estimates of infertility help-seeking were based on data from women. Men report a percentage seeking help that appears to be somewhat lower than reported by women. About I in 5 of those seeking help reported male-related infertility conditions. (Fertil Steril (R) 2009;91:2466-70. (c) 2009 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) C1 [Anderson, John E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Mail Stop K-34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jea1@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 10 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 91 IS 6 BP 2466 EP 2470 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.03.022 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 455XF UT WOS:000266801400028 PM 18439586 ER PT J AU Shrimpton, R Thorne-Lyman, A Tripp, K Tomkins, A AF Shrimpton, Roger Thorne-Lyman, Andrew Tripp, Katie Tomkins, Andrew TI Trends in low birthweight among the Bhutanese refugee population in Nepal SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Food supplementation; low birthweight; micronutrients; pregnancy; refugee ID MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FETAL-GROWTH; DOUBLE-BLIND; PERINATAL-MORTALITY; MATERNAL NUTRITION; PREGNANCY; OUTCOMES; RETARDATION; PREMATURITY AB Background. Although much is known about risk factors for low birthweight, an important cause Of neonatal death, little is known about how to reduce or prevent low birthweight. Objective. This study aimed to verify a low rate in the incidence of low birthweight reported in the Bhutanese refugee camps in Nepal and, if true, to try to understand how this came about. Methods. Medical records from 1994 to 2001 were recovered for half of the refugee population, and birthweight and other maternal factors were analyzed. The adequacy of the food ration provided to the general population was assessed by comparing it with the nutrient requirements of pregnant women. Results. The rates of low birthweight were indeed low in the refugee camps, averaging 11% in the years reviewed. Between 1996 and 1998, the mean rate of low birthweight fell from 16% to 8% and mean birthweight increased from 2.84 kg (SE, 2.80-2.87) to 3.0 kg (SE, 2.97-3.03). The increase in birthweight occurred following improvements in the micronutrient-to-energy ratios of the general ration. Conclusions. Rates of low birthweight comparable to those in developed countries were achieved in an ethnic Nepali population within 5 years of settlement in refugee camps. These low rates were probably achieved because basic needs of mothers were met, including both the quantity and the micronutrient content of food, water and sanitation, antenatal care, and education. The improvement from 1996 to 1998 coincided with increased availability of micronutrients in the food ration. We hypothesize that increased periconceptional micronutrient intake may be responsible for the increase in birthweight. C1 [Shrimpton, Roger; Tomkins, Andrew] Inst Child Hlth, London WC1N 1EH, England. [Thorne-Lyman, Andrew] World Food Programme, Rome, Italy. [Tripp, Katie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shrimpton, R (reprint author), Inst Child Hlth, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, England. EM Roger.Shrimpton@ich.ucl.ac.uk NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 30 IS 2 BP S197 EP S206 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 469WJ UT WOS:000267931100003 PM 20496612 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Whichard, JM AF Gerner-Smidt, Peter Whichard, Jean M. TI Sources of Outbreaks of Foodborne Infections in Different Regions of the World SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Whichard, Jean M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 5 BP 523 EP 524 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.9998 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 459GR UT WOS:000267090100001 PM 19534592 ER PT J AU Anderson, L Logsdon, RG Hochhalter, AK Sharkey, JR AF Anderson, Lynda Logsdon, Rebecca G. Hochhalter, Angela K. Sharkey, Joseph R. TI Introduction to the Special Issue on Promoting Cognitive Health in Diverse Populations of Older Adults SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Anderson, Lynda] Emory Univ, Healthy Aging Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Logsdon, Rebecca G.] Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Dept Psychosocial & Community Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hochhalter, Angela K.] Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, College Stn, TX USA. [Sharkey, Joseph R.] Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Hlth, College Stn, TX USA. RP Anderson, L (reprint author), Emory Univ, Healthy Aging Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS K45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LAnderson4@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD JUN PY 2009 VL 49 DI 10.1093/geront/gnp073 PG 2 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 469ZJ UT WOS:000267940200001 PM 19525209 ER PT J AU Anderson, LA Day, KL Beard, RL Reed, PS Wu, B AF Anderson, Lynda A. Day, Kristine L. Beard, Renee L. Reed, Peter S. Wu, Bei TI The Public's Perceptions About Cognitive Health and Alzheimer's Disease Among the US Population: A National Review SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE Knowledge; Belief; Alzheimer's disease ID MEMORY CHANGES; DEMENTIA; IMPAIRMENT; PREVALENCE; ADULTHOOD; KNOWLEDGE; BELIEFS; WHITES AB The present review assesses the public's perceptions about cognitive health and Alzheimer's disease among adults in the United States. We searched the published literature and Internet, and contacted experts in the field to locate surveys assessing the public's perceptions about cognition. We found 10 eligible surveys and abstracted data concerning the public's knowledge, beliefs, concerns, and sources of information. Most of the surveys were conducted in the 2000s and focused on Alzheimer's disease rather then cognitive health. Based on the findings from the surveys, most adults were found to be aware of Alzheimer's disease but lacked specific information about the disease and its treatments. Most respondents did not perceive themselves as being very knowledgeable about Alzheimer's disease. Although we could classify the findings into several overarching domains, such as knowledge, we found considerable variability among surveys in the questions asked. Additional work is needed to understand the public's perceptions about cognitive health. Moreover, we also lack studies that help us understand perceptions about cognition across diverse demographic and cultural groups. Only by addressing these gaps can we develop targeted and effective strategies to enhance knowledge and beliefs about cognitive impairment and health. C1 [Anderson, Lynda A.; Day, Kristine L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthy Aging Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Anderson, Lynda A.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Beard, Renee L.] Univ Illinois, Inst Hlth Res & Policy, Chicago, IL USA. [Reed, Peter S.] Natl Off, Alzheimers Assoc, Chicago, IL USA. [Wu, Bei] W Virginia Univ, Ctr Aging, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wu, Bei] W Virginia Univ, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Anderson, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthy Aging Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS K45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM laa0@cdc.gov FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U58 DP-525058, 1-U48-DP-000052, 1-U48-DP-000048] NR 33 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD JUN PY 2009 VL 49 DI 10.1093/geront/gnp088 PG 9 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 469ZJ UT WOS:000267940200002 PM 19525214 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Buchner, DM Prohaska, TR AF Kruger, Judy Buchner, David M. Prohaska, Thomas R. TI The Prescribed Amount of Physical Activity in Randomized Clinical Trials in Older Adults SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Physical fitness; Exercise; Health promotion; RCT; Cognitive function ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; EXERCISE PROGRAM; ELDERLY-PATIENTS; CARDIAC REHABILITATION; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; WALKING FUNCTION; HEART-FAILURE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; WOMEN; DISEASE AB Purpose: Over the past two decades, a consensus has formed that increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in older adults are important for physical and cognitive health. Although there is strong evidence that regular physical activity can prevent or delay the onset of many chronic diseases, a major concern is ensuring that older adults take part in adequate levels of physical activity. Design and Methods: This article describes the amount of physical activity prescribed between 1980 and 2005 to sedentary older adults enrolled in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using MEDLINE, Health and Psychological Instruments, EBM Reviews, Cl-NAHL, ERIC, PsychInfo, and Social Science Abstracts with the key words "exercise," " physical activity, " and " older adult. " More than 13,502 research abstracts were reviewed, and 160 RCTs 12 weeks or more in duration with documented outcomes of physical activity were synthesized. Results: The average prescribed dose of aerobic activity provided by interventions for older adults was less than the recommended amount of 150 min or more per week of moderate-intensity physical activity. In interpreting the results of RCTs, there is an insufficient body of evidence on the relationship between physical activity and cognitive health. However, studies indicated that moderate-intensity physical activity had a positive effect on cognitive health. Implications: Given the broad consensus of a dose-response relationship between aerobic activity and a variety of health outcomes, the RCT literature appears to have underestimated the benefit of physical activity for previously sedentary older adults because the prescribed dosages are not consistent with those recommended. C1 [Kruger, Judy; Buchner, David M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Prohaska, Thomas R.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jkruger@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU509661] NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD JUN PY 2009 VL 49 DI 10.1093/geront/gnp075 PG 8 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 469ZJ UT WOS:000267940200014 PM 19525210 ER PT J AU Leoff, C Saile, E Rauvolfova, J Quinn, CP Hoffmaster, AR Zhong, W Mehta, AS Boons, GJ Carlson, RW Kannenberg, EL AF Leoff, Christine Saile, Elke Rauvolfova, Jana Quinn, Conrad P. Hoffmaster, Alex R. Zhong, Wei Mehta, Alok S. Boons, Geert-Jan Carlson, Russell W. Kannenberg, Elmar L. TI Secondary cell wall polysaccharides of Bacillus anthracis are antigens that contain specific epitopes which cross-react with three pathogenic Bacillus cereus strains that caused severe disease, and other epitopes common to all the Bacillus cereus strains tested SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antigens; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus cereus; polysaccharides; specificity ID TEICHOIC-ACID; TOXIN GENES; POLYMER; OLIGOSACCHARIDE; GLYCOPROTEIN; EXOSPORIUM; PROTEINS; SUBTILIS; BCLA; CDAP AB The immunoreactivities of hydrogen fluoride (HF)-released cell wall polysaccharides (HF-PSs) from selected Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus strains were compared using antisera against live and killed B. anthracis spores. These antisera bound to the HF-PSs from B. anthracis and from three clinical B. cereus isolates (G9241, 03BB87, and 03BB102) obtained from cases of severe or fatal human pneumonia but did not bind to the HF-PSs from the closely related B. cereus ATCC 10987 or from B. cereus type strain ATCC 14579. Antiserum against a keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate of the B. anthracis HF-PS (HF-PS-KLH) also bound to HF-PSs and cell walls from B. anthracis and the three clinical B. cereus isolates, and B. anthracis spores. These results indicate that the B. anthracis HF-PS is an antigen in both B. anthracis cell walls and spores, and that it shares cross-reactive, and possibly pathogenicity-related, epitopes with three clinical B. cereus isolates that caused severe disease. The anti-HF-PS-KLH antiserum cross-reacted with the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-conjugates of all B. anthracis and all B. cereus HF-PSs tested, including those from nonclinical B. cereus ATCC 10987 and ATCC 14579 strains. Finally, the serum of vaccinated (anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA)) Rhesus macaques that survived inhalation anthrax contained IgG antibodies that bound the B. anthracis HF-PS-KLH conjugate. These data indicate that HF-PSs from the cell walls of the bacilli tested here are (i) antigens that contain (ii) a potentially virulence-associated carbohydrate antigen motif, and (iii) another antigenic determinant that is common to B. cereus strains. C1 [Leoff, Christine; Saile, Elke; Rauvolfova, Jana; Zhong, Wei; Mehta, Alok S.; Boons, Geert-Jan; Carlson, Russell W.; Kannenberg, Elmar L.] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Saile, Elke; Quinn, Conrad P.; Hoffmaster, Alex R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Leoff, Christine; Kannenberg, Elmar L.] Univ Tubingen, Dept Microbiol, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Leoff, Christine; Kannenberg, Elmar L.] Univ Tubingen, Dept Biotechnol, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Carlson, RW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rcarlson@ccrc.uga.edu RI Boons, Geert-Jan/J-3211-2016 OI Boons, Geert-Jan/0000-0003-3111-5954 FU NIAID [R21 AI059577]; DOE [DE-FG02-93ER20097] FX NIAID (R21 AI059577 to R. W. C.) and DOE (DE-FG02-93ER20097 to C. C. R. C.). NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 665 EP 673 DI 10.1093/glycob/cwp036 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 446JG UT WOS:000266117300013 PM 19270075 ER PT J AU Ettner, SL Cadwell, BL Russell, LB Brown, A Karter, AJ Safford, M Mangione, C Beckles, G Herman, WH Thompson, TJ AF Ettner, Susan L. Cadwell, Betsy L. Russell, Louise B. Brown, Arleen Karter, Andrew J. Safford, Monika Mangione, Carol Beckles, Gloria Herman, William H. Thompson, Theodore J. CA TRIAD Study Grp TI INVESTING TIME IN HEALTH: DO SOCIOECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED PATIENTS SPEND MORE OR LESS EXTRA TIME ON DIABETES SELF-CARE? SO HEALTH ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE self-care; opportunity costs of time; diabetes; disparities; socioeconomic status ID QUALITY-OF-CARE; MANAGED CARE; TRANSLATING RESEARCH; RACIAL DISPARITIES; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; POPULATION; COMPLICATIONS; MELLITUS; PEOPLE; ADULTS AB Background: Research on self-care for chronic disease has not examined time requirements. Translating Research into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD), a multi-site study of managed care patients with diabetes, is among the first to assess self-care time. Objective: To examine associations between socioeconomic position and extra time patients spend on foot care, shopping/cooking, and exercise due to diabetes. Data: Eleven thousand nine hundred and twenty-seven patient surveys from 2000 to 2001. Methods: Bayesian two-part models were used to estimate associations of self-reported extra time spent on self-care with race/ethnicity, education, and income, controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Proportions of patients spending no extra time on foot care, shopping/cooking, and exercise were, respectively, 37, 52, and 31%. Extra time spent on foot care and shopping/cooking was greater among racial/ethnic minorities, less-educated and lower-income patients. For example, African-Americans were about 10 percentage points more likely to report spending extra time on foot care than whites and extra time spent was about 3 min more per day. Discussion: Extra time spent on self-care was greater for socioeconomically disadvantaged patients than for advantaged patients, perhaps because their perceived opportunity cost of time is lower or they cannot afford Substitutes. Our findings suggest that poorly controlled diabetes risk factors among disadvantaged populations may not be attributable to self-care practices. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ettner, Susan L.; Brown, Arleen; Mangione, Carol] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cadwell, Betsy L.; Beckles, Gloria; Thompson, Theodore J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Russell, Louise B.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Econ, Inst Hlth Hlth Care Policy & Aging Res, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Karter, Andrew J.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Safford, Monika] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Deep S Ctr Effectiveness, Birmingham VA Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. [Herman, William H.] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Ettner, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, Dept Med, 911 Broxton Plaza,Room 106, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM settner@mednet.ucla.edu OI Ferrara, Assiamira/0000-0002-7505-4826 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Division of Diabetes Translation); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases FX The authors are grateful for the significant contributions to this study made by members of the Translating Research into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study Group, including TRIAD participants, other TRIAD investigators, and staff who made this study possible. The authors also acknowledge the participation of our health plan partners. This study was jointly funded by Program Announcement number 04005 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Division of Diabetes Translation) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1057-9230 EI 1099-1050 J9 HEALTH ECON JI Health Econ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 645 EP 663 DI 10.1002/hec.1394 PG 19 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 449TT UT WOS:000266353700003 PM 18709636 ER PT J AU Goodman, C Kachur, SP Abdulla, S Bloland, P Mills, A AF Goodman, Catherine Kachur, S. Patrick Abdulla, Salim Bloland, Peter Mills, Anne TI CONCENTRATION AND DRUG PRICES IN THE RETAIL MARKET FOR MALARIA TREATMENT IN RURAL TANZANIA SO HEALTH ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE competition; markets; retail sector; pharmaceuticals; malaria ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PRIVATE-SECTOR; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; HEALTH; COMPETITION; SERVICES; CARE; MANAGEMENT; CHALLENGE; HOSPITALS AB The impact of market concentration has been little studied in markets for ambulatory care in the developing world, where the retail sector often accounts for a high proportion of treatments. This study begins to address this gap through an analysis of the consumer market for malaria treatment in rural areas of three districts in Tanzania. We developed methods for investigating market definition, sales volumes and concentration, and used these to explore the relationship between antimalarial retail prices and competition. The market was strongly geographically segmented and highly concentrated in terms of antimalarial sales. Antimalarial prices were positively associated with market concentration. High antimalarial prices were likely to be an important factor in the low proportion of care-seekers obtaining appropriate treatment. Retail sector distribution of subsidised antimalarials has been proposed to increase the coverage of effective treatment, but this analysis indicates that local market power may prevent such subsidies from being passed on to rural customers. Policymakers should consider the potential to maintain lower retail prices by decreasing concentration among antimalarial providers and recommending retail price levels. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Goodman, Catherine] KEMRI Wellcome Trust Programme, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Goodman, Catherine; Mills, Anne] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Policy Unit, London WC1, England. [Kachur, S. Patrick] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Abdulla, Salim] Ifakara Hlth Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Bloland, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goodman, C (reprint author), KEMRI Wellcome Trust Programme, POB 43640, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. EM cgoodman@nairobi.kemri-wellcome.org OI Mills, Anne/0000-0001-9863-9950 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ifakara Health Institute; National Institute for Medical Research; Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Tanzanian Ministry of Health; National Malaria Control Programme; Tanzania Essential Health Interventions Project; Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project; Council Health Management Teams of Rufiji, Morogoro; United States Agency for International Development; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Wellcome Trust [060184]; Economic and Social Research Council [PTA-026-27-0179]; UK Department for International Development FX IMPACT-Tz is primarily supported by funding from the United States Agency for International Development, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Wellcome Trust. Catherine Goodman was supported by a Research Training Fellowship from The Wellcome Trust (ref 060184) and by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Economic and Social Research Council (ref PTA-026-27-0179). Catherine Goodman is a member of the Consortium for Research on Equitable Health Systems, which is funded by the UK Department for International Development. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1057-9230 J9 HEALTH ECON JI Health Econ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 727 EP 742 DI 10.1002/hec.1473 PG 16 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 449TT UT WOS:000266353700008 PM 19301420 ER PT J AU Howze, EH Auld, ME Woodhouse, LD Gershick, J Livingood, WC AF Howze, Elizabeth H. Auld, M. Elaine Woodhouse, Lynn D. Gershick, Jessica Livingood, William C. TI Building Health Promotion Capacity in Developing Countries: Strategies From 60 Years of Experience in the United States SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Galway Consensus Conference 2008 CY JUN 16-18, 2008 CL Natl Univ Ireland, Galway, IRELAND SP Soc Public Hlth Educ, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ HO Natl Univ Ireland DE accreditation; capacity development; certification; competencies; education and training; health education; health promotion; international health; social jurisdiction; workforce development ID COMPETENCES UPDATE PROJECT; EDUCATION; WORKFORCE AB The Galway Consensus Conference articulated key definitions, principles, values, and core domains of practice as the foundation for the diffusion of health promotion across the globe. The conference occurred in the context of an urgent need for large numbers of trained health workers in developing countries, which face multiple severe threats to the health of their people. In this article, the authors draw on the experience acquired by the health promotion profession in the United States to illustrate what might be done to build health promotion capacity in developing countries. They examine the profession's experience in the areas of accreditation and certification, research and publications, advocating for the profession, and advocating for public health policy. Finally, the authors direct a challenge to the profession in the United States to extend a hand to developing countries to assist them in expanding their capacity to prepare health promotion professionals and deliver health promotion services. C1 [Howze, Elizabeth H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sustainable Management Dev Program, Div Global Publ Hlth Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Auld, M. Elaine] Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Washington, DC USA. [Woodhouse, Lynn D.] Georgia So Univ, Acad Affairs & Community Hlth Educ & Behav, Jiann Ping Hsu Coll Publ Hlth, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Gershick, Jessica] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Livingood, William C.] Univ Florida, Duval Cty Florida Hlth Dept, Inst Hlth Policy & Evaluat Res, Coll Med, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Livingood, William C.] Univ Florida, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Howze, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sustainable Management Dev Program, Div Global Publ Hlth Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ehowze@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 464 EP 475 DI 10.1177/1090198109333825 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 450JO UT WOS:000266397000004 PM 19447941 ER PT J AU Allegrante, JP Barry, MM Airhihenbuwa, CO Auld, ME Collins, JL Lamarre, MC Magnusson, G McQueen, DV Mittelmark, MB AF Allegrante, John P. Barry, Margaret M. Airhihenbuwa, Collins O. Auld, M. Elaine Collins, Janet L. Lamarre, Marie-Claude Magnusson, Gudjon McQueen, David V. Mittelmark, Maurice B. CA Galway Consensus Conference TI Domains of Core Competency, Standards, and Quality Assurance for Building Global Capacity in Health Promotion: The Galway Consensus Conference Statement SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Galway Consensus Conference 2008 CY JUN 16-18, 2008 CL Natl Univ Ireland, Galway, IRELAND SP Soc Public Hlth Educ, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ HO Natl Univ Ireland DE consensus conference; credentialing; health education; health promotion; international health; public health workforce development AB This paper reports the outcome of the Galway Consensus Conference, an effort undertaken as a first step toward international collaboration on credentialing in health promotion and health education. Twenty-nine leading authorities in health promotion, health education, and public health convened a 2-day meeting in Galway, Ireland, during which the available evidence on credentialing in health promotion was reviewed and discussed. Conference participants reached agreement on core values and principles, a common definition, and eight domains of core competency required to engage in effective health promotion practice. The domains of competency are catalyzing change, leadership, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, advocacy, and partnerships. The long-term aim of this work is to stimulate a global dialogue that will lead to the development and widespread adoption of standards and quality assurance systems in all countries to strengthen capacity in health promotion, a critical element in achieving goals for the improvement of global population health. C1 [Auld, M. Elaine] Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Allegrante, John P.] Columbia Univ, Teachers Coll, Dept Hlth & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Allegrante, John P.] Columbia Univ, Dept Sociomed Sci, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Barry, Margaret M.] Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Hlth Promot, Galway, Ireland. [Airhihenbuwa, Collins O.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biobehav Hlth, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Collins, Janet L.; McQueen, David V.] US Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lamarre, Marie-Claude] Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Paris, France. [Magnusson, Gudjon] Reykjavik Univ, Sch Hlth & Educ, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Mittelmark, Maurice B.] Univ Bergen, Res Ctr Hlth Promot, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Auld, ME (reprint author), Soc Publ Hlth Educ, 10 G St NE,Suite 605, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM eauld@sophe.org; mclamarre@iuhpe.org RI Barry, Margaret/I-6735-2012 FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [5U50DP001117-02] NR 7 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.1177/1090198109333950 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 450JO UT WOS:000266397000005 PM 19447943 ER PT J AU Burke, DS Russell, J Cerqueira, MT Conley, KM Eggleston, MM Koo, D Lewis, AL Lee, AF Pearson, CE Pestronk, RM Schwartz, B Smith, WA AF Burke, Donald S. Russell, Joanne Teresa Cerqueira, Maria Conley, Kathleen M. Eggleston, Molly M. Koo, Denise Lewis, Allison L. Lee, Amy F. Pearson, Clarence E. Pestronk, Robert M. Schwartz, Benjamin Smith, William A. TI Comments From the Field on the Galway Consensus Conference Statement SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Burke, Donald S.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Russell, Joanne] Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Global Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Teresa Cerqueira, Maria] Oficina OPS OMS, Frontera Mexico, Estados Unidos, Mexico. [Koo, Denise] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burke, DS (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 483 EP 486 DI 10.1177/1090198109333802 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 450JO UT WOS:000266397000006 PM 19447946 ER PT J AU Fujishiro, K Heaney, CA AF Fujishiro, Kaori Heaney, Catherine A. TI Justice at Work, Job Stress, and Employee Health SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE organizational justice; occupational stress; work organization; employee health ID ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE; RISK-FACTORS; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; SOCIAL SUPPORT; WHITEHALL-II; INJUSTICE; INEQUITY; DISEASE; INTERVENTION; PERCEPTIONS AB A small but growing literature has documented an association between justice at work and employee health. However, the pathways and mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. This article proposes a conceptual framework that bridges the organizational justice, occupational stress, and occupational epidemiology literatures. Justice appraisals are proposed to be both important mediators and moderators in the causal flow from exposure to the organizational environment to employee health. The potential role of justice in enhancing employee health is compared to that of the well-established concepts of social support and job control. Directions for future research are suggested, along with strategies for overcoming challenges inherent in this multidisciplinary area of research. Implications for work-site health interventions are discussed. C1 [Fujishiro, Kaori] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Heaney, Catherine A.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Fujishiro, K (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM kfujishiro@cdc.gov NR 76 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 487 EP 504 DI 10.1177/1090198107306435 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 450JO UT WOS:000266397000007 PM 18006665 ER PT J AU Galbraith, JS Stanton, B Boekeloo, B King, W Desmond, S Howard, D Black, MM Carey, JW AF Galbraith, Jennifer S. Stanton, Bonita Boekeloo, Bradley King, Winifred Desmond, Sharon Howard, Donna Black, Maureen M. Carey, James W. TI Exploring Implementation and Fidelity of Evidence-Based Behavioral Interventions for HIV Prevention: Lessons Learned From the Focus on Kids Diffusion Case Study SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; adaptation; evidence-based interventions; fidelity ID POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; PROVIDERS; PROGRAM; TRIAL; RISK AB Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are used in public health to prevent HIV infection among youth and other groups. EBIs include core elements, features that are thought to be responsible for the efficacy of interventions. The authors evaluate experiences of organizations that adopted an HIV-prevention EBI, Focus on Kids (FOK), and their fidelity to the intervention's eight core elements. A cross-sectional telephone survey was administered to 34 staff members from organizations that had previously implemented FOK. Questions assessed how the organization adhered to, adapted, dropped, or altered the intervention. None of the organizations implemented all eight core elements. This study underscores the importance for HIV intervention researchers to clearly identify and describe core elements. More effort is needed to reflect the constraints practitioners face in nonresearch settings. To ensure intervention effectiveness, additional research and technical assistance are needed to help organizations implement HIV prevention EBIs with fidelity. C1 [Galbraith, Jennifer S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Operat Res Team, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stanton, Bonita] Wayne State Univ, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hosp Michigan, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Boekeloo, Bradley; Desmond, Sharon; Howard, Donna] Univ Maryland, Dept Community & Publ Hlth, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Black, Maureen M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Galbraith, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Operat Res Team, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jgalbraith@cdc.gov FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA012257, R01 AA012257-04] NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 532 EP 549 DI 10.1177/1090198108315366 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 450JO UT WOS:000266397000010 PM 18445739 ER PT J AU McMahon, BJ AF McMahon, Brian J. TI The influence of hepatitis B virus genotype and subgenotype on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B SO HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE Hepatitis B virus genotypes; Clinical outcome ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; E-ANTIGEN; GENETIC DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; LIVER-DISEASE; PRECORE MUTATIONS; INCREASED RISK; HBV INFECTION; CORE PROMOTER; VIRAL LOAD AB Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with a high lifetime risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis of the liver. To review the studies published to date regarding the association of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes in the development of adverse sequelae from HBV. Review of the literature for articles describing studies of HBV genotype/subgenotypes and development of HCC, cirrhosis, and liver-related death. Eight genotypes of HBV (A through H), which differ from each other in viral genome sequence by more than 8%, and multiple subgenotypes, which differ from each other by 4-8% have been identified. Recently, studies investigating the association between the risks of developing HCC and cirrhosis by specific HBV genotypes and subgenotypes have reported marked differences in outcome. Certain HBV genotypes and subgenotypes, including genotype C, B2-5, and F1, appear to be associated with a higher risk of developing HCC, and others, including genotypes B1, B6, and A2, appear to be associated with a lower risk of complications of HBV. Our understanding of the role of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes on the outcome of HBV infection is limited, as few population-based prospective studies have been performed and most studies compare only the outcome in areas where two genotypes predominate whereas others have not examined subgenotypes. Studies to date suggest that HBV genotypes/subgenotypes have important influences on the outcome of chronic HBV infection, but more population-based prospective studies examining multiple genotypes are needed. C1 [McMahon, Brian J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [McMahon, Brian J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP McMahon, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, 4315 Diplomacy Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bdm9@cdc.gov NR 69 TC 113 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1936-0533 J9 HEPATOL INT JI Hepatol. Int. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 334 EP 342 DI 10.1007/s12072-008-9112-z PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 430WA UT WOS:000265019800002 PM 19669359 ER PT J AU Chen, HW Zhang, ZW Huber, E Chao, CC Wang, H Dasch, GA Ching, WM AF Chen, Hua-Wei Zhang, Zhiwen Huber, Erin Chao, Chien-Chung Wang, Hui Dasch, Gregory A. Ching, Wei-Mei TI Identification of Cross-Reactive Epitopes on the Conserved 47-Kilodalton Antigen of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Human Serine Protease SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; SCRUB TYPHUS; PEPTIDE-SYNTHESIS; ANTIBODIES; EHRLICHIOSIS; AUTOANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; LEVEL; FEVER AB Orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative agent of scrub typhus. One of the protein antigens of this species, the conserved 47-kDa protein (HtrA), has been shown to induce an antibody response in patients and can provide protective immunity against live challenge by Orientia in mice. Pepscan experiments identified many peptide epitope clusters in different parts of this protein. The majority of the most reactive epitopes are located at the C terminus of the protein (from amino acid 333 to amino acid 430). Protein sequence analysis revealed that the 47-kDa protein contains a trypsin domain and has sequence homology to human serine protease HtrA1 (hHtrA1). As the 47-kDa protein is a potential vaccine candidate and its ability to induce autoimmunity is a concern, the reactivity of scrub typhus patient sera with purified recombinant 47-kDa and hHtrA1 proteins was tested. A significant percentage (> 20%) of scrub typhus patient sera reacted strongly with recombinant hHTRA1 and two of the antigenic polypeptide epitopes in hHtrA1. These findings suggest that the safety of the full-length 47-kDa antigen as a vaccine candidate is a significant issue due to its cross-reactivity with a human protein, which may also contribute to autoimmune responses or enhanced pathology in some scrub typhus patients. C1 [Chen, Hua-Wei; Zhang, Zhiwen; Huber, Erin; Chao, Chien-Chung; Wang, Hui; Ching, Wei-Mei] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Chen, Hua-Wei; Zhang, Zhiwen; Huber, Erin; Wang, Hui; Ching, Wei-Mei] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Dasch, Gregory A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ching, WM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM wei.ching@med.navy.mil RI Chen, Hua-Wei/A-8018-2011; Chao, Chien-Chung/A-8017-2011; OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 FU Naval Medical Research Center research [6000.RAD1. J. A0310] FX The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the U. S. Government. Chien-Chung Chao, Gregory A. Dasch, and Wei-Mei Ching are employees of the U. S. Government. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 77 IS 6 BP 2311 EP 2319 DI 10.1128/IAI.01298-08 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 447HO UT WOS:000266182400008 PM 19289508 ER PT J AU Szarowicz, SE During, RL Li, W Quinn, CP Tang, WJ Southwick, FS AF Szarowicz, Sarah E. During, Russell L. Li, Wei Quinn, Conrad P. Tang, Wei-Jen Southwick, Frederick S. TI Bacillus anthracis Edema Toxin Impairs Neutrophil Actin-Based Motility SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; CYCLIC-AMP; CHEMOTACTIC RESPONSIVENESS; CHOLERA-TOXIN; CELL ENTRY; CAMP; MOVEMENT; POLYMERIZATION AB Inhalation anthrax results in high-grade bacteremia and is accompanied by a delay in the rise of the peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) count and a paucity of PMNs in the infected pleural fluid and mediastinum. Edema toxin (ET) is one of the major Bacillus anthracis virulence factors and consists of the adenylate cyclase edema factor (EF) and protective antigen (PA). Relatively low concentrations of ET (100 to 500 ng/ml of PA and EF) significantly impair human PMN chemokinesis, chemotaxis, and ability to polarize. These changes are accompanied by a reduction in chemoattractant-stimulated PMN actin assembly. ET also causes a significant decrease in Listeria monocytogenes intracellular actin-based motility within HeLa cells. These defects in actin assembly are accompanied by a >50-fold increase in intracellular cyclic AMP and a >4-fold increase in the phosphorylation of protein kinase A. We have previously shown that anthrax lethal toxin (LT) also impairs neutrophil actin-based motility (R. L. During, W. Li, B. Hao, J. M. Koenig, D. S. Stephens, C. P. Quinn, and F. S. Southwick, J. Infect. Dis. 192: 837-845, 2005), and we now find that LT combined with ET causes an additive inhibition of PMN chemokinesis, polarization, chemotaxis, and FMLP (N-formyl-met-leu-phe)-induced actin assembly. We conclude that ET alone or combined with LT impairs PMN actin assembly, resulting in paralysis of PMN chemotaxis. C1 [Szarowicz, Sarah E.; During, Russell L.; Li, Wei; Southwick, Frederick S.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Div Infect Dis, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Quinn, Conrad P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCIRD, DBD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tang, Wei-Jen] Univ Chicago, Ben May Dept Canc Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Southwick, FS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Div Infect Dis, Box 100277, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM Southfs@medicine.ufl.edu OI Tang, Wei-Jen/0000-0002-8267-8995 FU NIH [R01AI064891, RO1AI034276] FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 77 IS 6 BP 2455 EP 2464 DI 10.1128/IAI.00839-08 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 447HO UT WOS:000266182400023 PM 19349425 ER PT J AU Dubberke, ER Butler, AM Hota, B Khan, YM Mangino, JE Mayer, J Popovich, KJ Stevenson, KB Yokoe, DS McDonald, LC Jernigan, J Fraser, VJ AF Dubberke, Erik R. Butler, Anne M. Hota, Bala Khan, Yosef M. Mangino, Julie E. Mayer, Jeanmarie Popovich, Kyle J. Stevenson, Kurt B. Yokoe, Deborah S. McDonald, L. Clifford Jernigan, John Fraser, Victoria J. CA Prevention Epictr Program Ctr Dis TI Multicenter Study of the Impact of Community-Onset Clostridium difficile Infection on Surveillance for C. difficile Infection SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy/46th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 25, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID QUALITY-CONTROL METHODS; HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE; ACQUISITION; DIARRHEA AB Objective. To evaluate the impact of cases of community-onset, healthcare facility (HCF)-associated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) on the incidence and outbreak detection of CDI. Design. A retrospective multicenter cohort study. Setting. Five university-affiliated, acute care HCFs in the United States. Methods. We collected data (including results of C. difficile toxin assays of stool samples) on all of the adult patients admitted to the 5 hospitals during the period from July 1, 2000, through June 30, 2006. CDI cases were classified as HCF-onset if they were diagnosed more than 48 hours after admission or as community-onset, HCF-associated if they were diagnosed within 48 hours after admission and if the patient had recently been discharged from the HCF. Four surveillance definitions were compared: cases of HCF-onset CDI only (hereafter referred to as HCF-onset CDI) and cases of HCF-onset and community-onset, HCF-associated CDI diagnosed within 30, 60, and 90 days after the last discharge from the study hospital (hereafter referred to as 30-day, 60-day, and 90-day CDI, respectively). Monthly CDI rates were compared. Control charts were used to identify potential CDI outbreaks. Results. The rate of 30-day CDI was significantly higher than the rate of HCF-onset CDI at 2 HCFs (P < .01). The rates of 30-day CDI were not statistically significantly different from the rates of 60-day or 90-day CDI at any HCF. The correlations between each HCF's monthly rates of HCF-onset CDI and 30-day CDI were almost perfect (rho range, 0.94-0.99; P < .001). Overall, 12 time points had a CDI rate that was more than 3 standard deviations above the mean, including 11 time points identified using the definition for HCF-onset CDI and 9 time points identified using the definition for 30-day CDI, with discordant results at 4 time points (kappa = 0.794; P < .001). Conclusions. Tracking cases of both community-onset and HCF-onset, HCF-associated CDI captures significantly more CDI cases, but surveillance of HCF-onset, HCF-associated CDI alone is sufficient to detect an outbreak. C1 [Dubberke, Erik R.; Butler, Anne M.; Fraser, Victoria J.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Hota, Bala; Popovich, Kyle J.] John H Stroger Jr Hosp, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA. [Hota, Bala; Popovich, Kyle J.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Khan, Yosef M.; Mangino, Julie E.; Stevenson, Kurt B.] Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Mayer, Jeanmarie] Univ Utah Hosp, Dept Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Yokoe, Deborah S.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Yokoe, Deborah S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [McDonald, L. Clifford; Jernigan, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dubberke, ER (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Box 8051,660 S Euclid, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM edubberk@im.wustl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [K12RR02324901-01]; NIAID NIH HHS [L30 AI062141, K01 AI065808, K01AI065808-01, K23 AI065806, K24AI06779401]; PHS HHS [1U01C1000333-01, UR8/CCU715087-06/1] NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 30 IS 6 BP 518 EP 525 DI 10.1086/597380 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 444KP UT WOS:000265980200003 PM 19419269 ER PT J AU Campbell, RJ Giljahn, L Machesky, K Cibulskas-White, K Lane, LM Porter, K Paulson, JO Smith, FW McDonald, LC AF Campbell, Robert J. Giljahn, Lynn Machesky, Kim Cibulskas-White, Katie Lane, Lisa M. Porter, Kyle Paulson, John O. Smith, Forrest W. McDonald, L. Clifford TI Clostridium difficile Infection in Ohio Hospitals and Nursing Homes During 2006 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; UNITED-STATES; DIARRHEA; MORTALITY; CARE; STRAIN; EPIDEMIC; MORBIDITY; OUTBREAK; COSTS AB Context. Healthcare data suggest that the incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in hospitals are increasing. However, the overall burden of disease and the mortality rate associated with CDI, including the contribution from cases of infection that occur in nursing homes, are poorly understood. Objective. To describe the epidemiology, disease burden, and mortality rate of healthcare-onset CDI. Methods. In 2006, active public reporting of healthcare-onset CDI, using standardized case definitions, was mandated for all Ohio hospitals and nursing homes. Incidence rates were determined and stratified according to healthcare facility characteristics. Death certificates that listed CDI were analyzed for trends. Results. There were 14,329 CDI cases reported, including 6,376 cases at 210 hospitals (5,217 initial cases [ie, cases identified more than 48 hours after admission to a healthcare facility in patients who had not had CDI during the previous 6 months] and 1,159 recurrent cases [ie, cases involving patients who had had CDI during the previous 6 months]) and 7,953 cases at 955 nursing homes (4,880 initial and 3,073 recurrent cases). After adjusting for missing data, the estimated total was 18,200 cases of CDI, which included 7,000 hospital cases (5,700 initial and 1,300 recurrent cases) and 11,200 nursing homes cases (6,900 initial and 4,300 recurrent cases). The rate for initial cases was 6.4-7.9 cases/10,000 patient-days for hospitals and 1.7-2.9 cases/10,000 patient-days for nursing homes. The rate for initial cases in nursing homes decreased during the study (P < .001). Nonpediatric hospital status (P = .011), a smaller number of beds (P = .003), and location in the eastern or northeastern region of the state (P = .011) were each independently associated with a higher rate of initial cases in hospitals. Death certificates for 2006 listed CDI among the causes of death for 893 Ohio residents; between 2000 and 2006, this number increased more than 4-fold. Conclusion. Healthcare-onset CDI represents a major public health threat that, when considered in the context of an increasing mortality rate, should justify a major focus on prevention efforts. C1 [McDonald, L. Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Campbell, Robert J.; Giljahn, Lynn; Machesky, Kim; Cibulskas-White, Katie; Lane, Lisa M.; Paulson, John O.; Smith, Forrest W.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Dept Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Porter, Kyle] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Biostat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CMcDonald1@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 30 IS 6 BP 526 EP 533 DI 10.1086/597507 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 444KP UT WOS:000265980200004 PM 19419272 ER PT J AU Su, JR Blossom, DB Chung, W Gullion, JS Pascoe, N Heseltine, G Srinivasan, A AF Su, John R. Blossom, David B. Chung, Wendy Gullion, Jessica Smartt Pascoe, Neil Heseltine, Gary Srinivasan, Arjun TI Epidemiologic Investigation of a 2007 Outbreak of Serratia marcescens Bloodstream Infection in Texas Caused by Contamination of Syringes Prefilled With Heparin and Saline SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK AB This retrospective cohort study found that syringes prefilled with heparin flush solution caused an outbreak of Serratia marcescens bloodstream infection at an outpatient treatment center in Texas in 2007. The epidemiologic study supported this conclusion, despite the lack of microbiologic evidence of contamination from environmental and product testing. This report underscores the crucial contributions that epidemiologic studies can make to investigations of outbreaks that are possibly product related. C1 [Su, John R.; Blossom, David B.; Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chung, Wendy] Dallas Cty Hlth Dept, Dallas, TX USA. [Chung, Wendy] Human Serv, Dallas, TX USA. [Gullion, Jessica Smartt] Denton Cty Hlth Dept, Denton, TX USA. [Su, John R.; Pascoe, Neil; Heseltine, Gary] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. RP Su, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM john.su@cdc.hhs.gov NR 10 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 30 IS 6 BP 593 EP 595 DI 10.1086/597383 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 444KP UT WOS:000265980200016 PM 19415967 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC Sinner, SW Segal, RE Huang, V Alexandre, SS McGowan, JE Weinstein, MP AF Tenover, Fred C. Sinner, Scott W. Segal, Robert E. Huang, Vanthida Alexandre, Shandline S. McGowan, John E., Jr. Weinstein, Melvin P. TI Characterisation of a Staphylococcus aureus strain with progressive loss of susceptibility to vancomycin and daptomycin during therapy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Article DE Staphylococci; Vancomycin; Teicoplanin; Heteroresistance ID REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANT; GLYCOPEPTIDES; ENDOCARDITIS; HETERO AB Following an initial response to vancomycin therapy, a patient with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia developed endocarditis, failed a second course of vancomycin and then failed daptomycin therapy. An increase in the vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations of four consecutive MRSA blood isolates from 2 mu g/mL to 8 mu g/mL was shown by Etest. Population analysis of four successive blood culture isolates recovered over the 10-week period showed that the MRSA strain became progressively less susceptible to both vancomycin and daptomycin. Retrospectively, the macro Etest method using teicoplanin indicated a decrease in vancomycin susceptibility in the second blood isolate. The patient improved after treatment with various courses of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, quinupristin/dalfopristin and linezolid. Early detection of vancomycin-heteroresistant S. aureus isolates, which appeared to have clinical significance in this case, continues to be a challenge for the clinical laboratory. Development of suitable practical methods for this should be given priority. Concurrent development of resistance to vancomycin and daptomycin, whilst rare, must be considered in a patient who is unresponsive to daptomycin following vancomycin therapy. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. C1 [McGowan, John E., Jr.] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Tenover, Fred C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sinner, Scott W.; Segal, Robert E.; Weinstein, Melvin P.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Infect Dis Allergy & Immunol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Huang, Vanthida] Mercer Univ, Dept Pharm Practice, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Alexandre, Shandline S.; Weinstein, Melvin P.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Microbiol Lab, Robert Wood Johnson Univ Hosp, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP McGowan, JE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jmcgowa@sph.emory.edu RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000454]; NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR025008-02, UL1 RR025008] NR 24 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PD JUN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 6 BP 564 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.12.010 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 448TN UT WOS:000266285000012 PM 19233622 ER PT J AU Yli-Panula, E Fekedulegn, DB Green, BJ Ranta, H AF Yli-Panula, Eija Fekedulegn, Desta Bey Green, Brett James Ranta, Hanna TI Analysis of Airborne Betula Pollen in Finland; a 31-Year Perspective SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE allergen; Betula spp.; birch; biometeorology; temperature ID FINNISH YOUNG MEN; BIRCH-POLLEN; ATOPIC DISEASE; ALLERGIC RHINITIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ASTHMA; PREVALENCE; SEASONS; EUROPE; AIR AB In this 31-year retrospective study, we examined the influence of meteorology on airborne Betula spp. (birch) pollen concentrations in Turku, Finland. The seasonal incidence of airborne birch pollen in Turku occurred over a brief period each year during spring (April 30 - May 31). Mean peak concentrations were restricted to May (May 5 to 13). Statistically significant increases in the annual accumulated birch pollen sum and daily maximum values were observed over the study period. Birch pollen counts collected in April were retrospectively shown to increase over the duration of the study. Increases in April temperature values were also significantly associated with the earlier onset of the birch pollen season. Furthermore, the number of days where daily birch pollen concentrations exceeded 10 and 1,000 grains/m(3) also increased throughout the study period. These data demonstrate that increases in temperature, especially during months preceding the onset of the birch pollen season, favor preseason phenological development and pollen dispersal. Birch pollen derived from other geographical locations may also contribute to the aerospora of Turku, Finland. To date, the public health burden associated with personal exposure to elevated birch pollen loads remains unclear and is the focus of future epidemiological research. C1 [Yli-Panula, Eija] Univ Turku, Dept Teacher Educ, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. [Yli-Panula, Eija; Ranta, Hanna] Univ Turku, Aerobiol Unit, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. [Fekedulegn, Desta Bey] NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Green, Brett James] NIOSH, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Yli-Panula, E (reprint author), Univ Turku, Dept Teacher Educ, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. EM Eija.Yli-Panula@utu.fi; djf7@cdc.gov; dox6@cdc.gov; Hanna.Ranta@utu.fi NR 46 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1706 EP 1723 DI 10.3390/ijerph6061706 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GO UT WOS:000267339300001 PM 19578456 ER PT J AU Araujo, J Pepper, C Richards, J Choi, M Xing, J Li, W AF Araujo, John Pepper, Catherine Richards, Janise Choi, Mona Xing, Jian Li, Wei TI The profession of public health informatics: Still emerging? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Public health informatics; Professional autonomy; Professional education; Sociology AB Purpose: Although public health informatics (PHI) was defined in 1995, both then and still now it is an "emerging" profession. An emergent profession lacks a base of "technical specialized knowledge." Therefore, we analyzed MEDLINE bibliographic citation records of the PHI literature to determine if a base of technical, specialized PHI literature exists, which could lead to the conclusion that PHI has emerged from its embryonic state. Method: A MEDLINE search for PHI literature published from 1960-2006 returned 16,942 records. Record screening by two subject matter experts netted 2493 PHI records that were analyzed by the intervals of previous PHI CBMs 96-4 and 2001-2 for 1980-1995 (I(1980)) and 1996-2000 (I(1996)), respectively, and a new, third interval of 2001-2006 (I(2001)). Results: The distribution of records was 676 (I(1980)),839 (I(1996)) and 978 (I(2001)). Annual publication rates were 42 (I(1980)), 168 (I(1996)), and 163 (I(2001)). Cumulative publications were accelerating. A subset of 19 (2.5%) journals accounted for 730 (29.3%) of the records. The journal subset average (+/- SD) annual publication rates of 0.7 +/- 0.6 (I(1980)), 2.9 +/- 1.9 (I(1996)), and 3.1 +/- 2.7 (I(2001)) were different, F(3, 64) = 7.12, p<.05. Only I(1980) was different (p<.05)from I(1996) or I(2001). Average (SE) annual rate of increase for all journals (8.4 +/- 0.8 publications per year) was different from the subset of 19 (2.7 +/- 0.3), t(36) = 5.74, p<.05. MeSH first time-to-indexing narrowed from 7.3 (+/- 4.3) years to the year (0.5 +/- 0.8) the term was introduced, t(30) = 7.03, p<.05. Conclusion: A core set of journals, the proliferation of PHI articles in varied and numerous journals, and rapid uptake of MeSH suggest PHI is acquiring professional authority and now should not be tagged as an "emerging" profession. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd C1 [Araujo, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Pepper, Catherine] Texas A&M Univ, Univ Libraries, Med Sci Lib, College Stn, TX USA. [Richards, Janise] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Div Knowledge Management Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Choi, Mona] Yonsei Univ, Coll Nursing, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Xing, Jian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Div Emergency Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Li, Wei] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Off Director, Global Publ Hlth Informat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Araujo, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Off Director, Mailstop D-72,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jaraujo@cdc.gov OI Pepper, Catherine/0000-0001-7233-290X FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC; Public Health Informatics Fellowship Program FX This research was supported in part by the appointments of John Araujo, Catherine Pepper, Mona Choi, Jian Xing, and Wei Li to the Public Health Informatics Fellowship Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC. Portions of this study were presented at the American Public Health Association Meeting & Exposition, Washington, DC, November 3-7, 2007. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1386-5056 J9 INT J MED INFORM JI Int. J. Med. Inform. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 78 IS 6 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2009.02.001 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 447GQ UT WOS:000266180000002 PM 19297243 ER PT J AU Croft, JB Mokdad, AH Power, AK Greenlund, KJ Giles, WH AF Croft, Janet B. Mokdad, Ali H. Power, A. Kathryn Greenlund, Kurt J. Giles, Wayne H. TI Public health surveillance of serious psychological distress in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID POPULATION C1 [Croft, Janet B.; Greenlund, Kurt J.; Giles, Wayne H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Power, A. Kathryn] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Ctr Mental Hlth Serv, Rockville, MD USA. [Croft, Janet B.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Croft, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jcroft@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 4 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0017-y PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100002 PM 19418021 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Dhingra, SS Okoro, CA Zack, MM Balluz, LS Berry, JT Mokdad, AH AF Strine, Tara W. Dhingra, Satvinder S. Okoro, Catherine A. Zack, Matthew M. Balluz, Lina S. Berry, Joyce T. Mokdad, Ali H. TI State-based differences in the prevalence and characteristics of untreated persons with serious psychological distress SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Serious psychological distress; Mental illness; Treatment; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ID NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; MENTAL-HEALTH-SURVEY; DSM-IV DISORDERS; UNITED-STATES; GENERAL-POPULATION; SURVEY REPLICATION; PRIMARY-CARE; ILLNESS; SEVERITY; LIFETIME AB To examine the state-based prevalence of serious psychological distress (SPD) and its treatment using the Kessler-6 scale. SPD and treatment data were obtained from 202,114 respondents in the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Mental Illness and Stigma Module in 35 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Approximately 4.0 % of persons in the 35 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico had SPD. The prevalence estimates ranged from 2.3 % in Iowa to 6.6 % in Mississippi. Among persons with SPD, 53.4 % were currently untreated, ranging from 33.3 % in Alaska to 67.0 % in Hawaii. Mental health parity and a multidimensional approach to healthcare with extensive referrals between mental and physical healthcare is warranted. C1 [Strine, Tara W.; Dhingra, Satvinder S.; Okoro, Catherine A.; Zack, Matthew M.; Balluz, Lina S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Berry, Joyce T.] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0001-6 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100004 PM 19363592 ER PT J AU Dhingra, SS Strine, TW Holt, JB Berry, JT Mokdad, AH AF Dhingra, Satvinder S. Strine, Tara W. Holt, James B. Berry, Joyce T. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Rural-urban variations in psychological distress: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2007 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Mental health; Psychological distress; Rural health; Urban health; Rural-urban continuum codes; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ID WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION; MENTAL-HEALTH; GLOBAL BURDEN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; UNITED-STATES; DISORDERS; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; URBANIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB To describe rural and urban differences in the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress in the United States. We analyzed 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 62,913 respondents residing in 94 counties in 24 states, and District of Columbia that administered the Kessler-6 (K6) psychological distress questionnaire and met the BRFSS weighting criterion. Using the Rural Urban Classification Codes (RUCC), 94 counties fell into four groups (two metropolitan and two non-metropolitan) out of the nine-part RUCC scheme; these levels were collapsed into two distinct categories of urban and rural. Unadjusted estimates indicate that urban county residents have a 22 % higher likelihood of having either MPD or SPD than rural residence (odds ratio [OR]: 1.22, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.36). This association was slightly attenuated after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics 17 % higher (OR: 1.17, 95 % CI: 1.04-1.31). This is the first study to our knowledge reporting rural and urban prevalence of psychological distress derived from population-based, county-level data for 94 counties in the United States. C1 [Dhingra, Satvinder S.; Strine, Tara W.; Holt, James B.; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Berry, Joyce T.] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Dhingra, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SDhingra@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0002-5 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100005 PM 19363589 ER PT J AU Pearson, WS Dhingra, SS Strine, TW Liang, YW Berry, JT Mokdad, AH AF Pearson, William S. Dhingra, Satvinder S. Strine, Tara W. Liang, Yia Wun Berry, Joyce T. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Relationships between serious psychological distress and the use of health services in the United States: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Serious psychological distress; Access to care; Utilization of services; Mental health; Health services; Depression ID PRIMARY-CARE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; ADULTS; DISORDERS; VISITS; TRENDS; IMPACT; STILL; COST AB To determine rates of access to and use of health services among adults with Serious Psychological Distress (SPD). Adults a parts per thousand yen 18 years in the 2007 BRFSS were stratified based on the presence of SPD, assessed by scores a parts per thousand yen 13 using the Kessler-6 tool (N = 199,209). Access to and use of general and mental health services were compared for those with scores < 13 and those a parts per thousand yen 13 using Chi-square analyses and logistic regression models. Less than half of all adults with SPD indicated receiving mental health treatment. Persons < 65 years and having SPD were significantly less likely to have access to any type of health insurance (0.59 O.R., 0.51-0.68 95% C.I.) compared to persons < 65 years without SPD. These results present a situation which could potentially lead to increased use of emergency departments for possible non-emergent services. Less than half of adults with SPD were receiving mental health treatment and most, regardless of their SPD score, were receiving routine health checkups; presenting an opportunity to identify and treat many mental health issues in the primary care setting. C1 [Pearson, William S.; Dhingra, Satvinder S.; Strine, Tara W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Liang, Yia Wun] Cent Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Healthcare Adm, Taichung, Taiwan. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pearson, WS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Wpearson@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0003-4 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100006 PM 19347251 ER PT J AU Zhao, GX Ford, ES Li, CY Strine, TW Dhingra, S Berry, JT Mokdad, AH AF Zhao, Guixiang Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Strine, Tara W. Dhingra, Satvinder Berry, Joyce T. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Serious psychological distress and its associations with body mass index: findings from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Body mass index; Mental illness; Serious psychological distress; Obesity-related co-morbidities; BRFSS ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; NATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; US ADULTS; GENERAL-POPULATION; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; MENTAL-DISORDERS; SCREENING SCALES; OBESITY AB To examine the associations of body mass index (BMI) with serious psychological distress (SPD) after taking into consideration the obesity-related comorbidities (ORCs), lifestyle factors, or emotional support. Self-reported data (n = 153,865) from the 2007 BRFSS were analyzed. Psychological distress was assessed by the Kessler-6 Questionnaire; respondents with a Kessler-6 score of a parts per thousand yen 13 were defined as having SPD. The adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using log-binomial regression analyses. Overall, 3.2 % of U.S. adults had SPD. The prevalence of SPD was significantly higher among men who were underweight or obese, or among women who were underweight, overweight or obese, compared to those with a normal BMI. The APRs for SPD were 1.58 (95 % CI: 1.06-2.35) in adults who were underweight, and were 1.21 (95 % CI: 1.04-1.41), 1.31 (95 % CI: 1.07-1.61), and 1.36 (95 % CI: 1.13-1.63), respectively, in obese adults with BMI of 30-< 35 kg/m(2), 35-< 40 kg/m(2), and a parts per thousand yen40 kg/m(2) (adults with a normal BMI as the referent). An abnormal BMI is associated with an increased likelihood of having SPD independent of multiple ORCs, lifestyle factors, or emotional support. C1 [Zhao, Guixiang; Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang; Strine, Tara W.; Dhingra, Satvinder] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Berry, Joyce T.] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Zhao, GX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GZhao@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0004-3 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100007 PM 19424662 ER PT J AU Edwards, VJ Black, MC Dhingra, S McKnight-Eily, L Perry, GS AF Edwards, Valerie J. Black, Michele C. Dhingra, Satvinder McKnight-Eily, Lela Perry, Geraldine S. TI Physical and sexual intimate partner violence and reported serious psychological distress in the 2007 BRFSS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Intimate partner violence; Mental health; Kessler-6 ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; SYMPTOMS; ABUSE; ASSAULT; HISTORY; MEN AB We sought to determine the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and serious psychological distress (SPD) as measured by the Kessler-6 (K6) among U.S. adults. We used data from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to determine whether individuals who reported multiple forms of IPV also reported higher prevalences of SPD compared with those who reported: 1) no physical or sexual IPV; 2) physical or sexual IPV only; and 3) threatened or attempted physical IPV. We also obtained adjusted prevalences for lifetime physical or sexual IPV. We analyzed responses from three states that administered both the IPV and the K6 optional modules of the BRFSS in 2007. Respondents (5,985 men; 9,335 women) were categorized as experiencing threatened or attempted physical violence, physical violence, sexual violence, or both physical and sexual violence. We calculated lifetime IPV prevalence by demographic characteristics and performed adjusted and unadjusted logistic regressions of the relationship between level of IPV and SPD. 15.5 % of the sample reported some form of IPV. The prevalence of any IPV was almost twice as high in women (19.9 %) as in men (10.9 %). IPV was also associated with age, marital status, employment status, and income. Overall, the estimated prevalence of SPD was 2.9 % (95 % CI: 2.5-3.5). Among women, it was 2.1 % (95 % CI: 1.16-2.8) among those with no lifetime IPV and 15.4 % (95 % CI: 10.9-21.3) among those who reported both physical and sexual IPV. IPV is a serious public health problem associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, including SPD. In our study, the odds of SPD increased when respondents experience multiple forms of IPV. Medical and mental health practitioners should consider assessing exposure to IPV when patients have signs or symptoms of SPD or other conditions that might be consistent with IPV. Similarly, practitioners should consider assessing for IPV among patients with SPD. States should consider obtaining population-based IPV prevalence via the BRFSS to better plan for the health needs of their residents. C1 [Edwards, Valerie J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Edwards, VJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vae2@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 15 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0005-2 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100008 PM 19363588 ER PT J AU Li, CY Ford, ES Zhao, GX Strine, TW Dhingra, S Barker, L Berry, JT Mokdad, AH AF Li, Chaoyang Ford, Earl S. Zhao, Guixiang Strine, Tara W. Dhingra, Satvinder Barker, Lawrence Berry, Joyce T. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Association between diagnosed diabetes and serious psychological distress among US adults: the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2007 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Serious psychological distress; Diagnosed diabetes; Cardiovascular comorbidity; Diabetes-related complication ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; SCREENING SCALES; MELLITUS; METAANALYSIS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; ANXIETY; HEALTH; INDIVIDUALS AB To estimate the prevalence of serious psychological distress (SPD) according to diabetes status and to assess the association of diabetes-related risks and conditions with SPD among U.S. adults. We analyzed data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2007. SPD was determined by a score of a parts per thousand yen 13 on the Kessler-6 scale. We used log-binomial regression analysis to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). We estimated the prevalence of SPD to be 7.6 % and 3.6 % among U.S. adults with and without diagnosed diabetes (unadjusted PR: 2.09; 95 % CI: 1.87, 2.34). The association of diagnosed diabetes with SPD was attenuated after adjustments for potential confounding effects of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular comorbid conditions (adjusted PR, 1.12; 95 % CI: 0.99, 1.27). Significant correlates of SPD among persons with diagnosed diabetes were young age, low education levels, low household income, obesity, current smoking, no leisure-time physical activity, presence of one or more micro- or macro-vascular complications, and disability. The crude prevalence of SPD among adults with diagnosed diabetes was twice as high as that among those without diabetes. The increased prevalence of SPD may be accounted for by the excessive rates of cardiovascular risks and comorbid conditions among people with diagnosed diabetes. C1 [Li, Chaoyang; Ford, Earl S.; Zhao, Guixiang; Strine, Tara W.; Dhingra, Satvinder] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barker, Lawrence] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Berry, Joyce T.] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cli@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0006-1 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100009 PM 19396581 ER PT J AU Okoro, CA Strine, TW Balluz, LS Crews, JE Dhingra, S Berry, JT Mokdad, AH AF Okoro, Catherine A. Strine, Tara W. Balluz, Lina S. Crews, John E. Dhingra, Satvinder Berry, Joyce T. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Serious psychological distress among adults with and without disabilities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Disability; Serious psychological distress; Activity limitations; BRFSS; Surveillance; Epidemiology ID CHRONIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS; SPINAL-CORD INJURIES; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PHYSICAL-DISABILITY; SECONDARY CONDITIONS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; SCREENING SCALES; ELECTRONIC-AIDS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; MENTAL-HEALTH AB Our objective was to examine the extent to which serious psychological distress (SPD) is associated with behavioral and social correlates among US adults with self-reported disabilities. Self-reported data on disability, SPD, and behavioral and social correlates were collected from 202,383 participants (aged a parts per thousand yen 18 years) of the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Adults with self-reported disabilities were identified using two standardized questions - one relating to activity limitation, the other to special equipment. The age-adjusted prevalence of SPD among adults with disabilities was nearly seven times higher than among adults without disabilities (14.1 % vs. 1.8 %, respectively). Adults with disabilities who have both activity limitations and who use assistive technology, and those with activity limitations only consistently experienced a higher prevalence of SPD than those who used assistive technology only (age-adjusted prevalence: 21.0 % and 12.7 % vs. 4.9 %). After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, and employment status, in the past 30 days SPD was more common among Hispanic persons, and was significantly associated with younger age, lower educational attainment, marital history, and employment status. Adults with SPD and disabilities experienced increased levels of risk behaviors, life dissatisfaction, and inadequate social support. Most importantly, just over half of adults with disabilities and SPD (51.6 % [95 % CI = 48.6-54.6]) were receiving medical care for a mental health condition compared to 20.6 % (95 % CI = 19.9-21.3) without SPD. Given that SPD is strongly associated with both the behavioral and psychosocial determinants of health, this work underscores the need for evidence-based interventions that may reduce its prevalence among people living with disabilities. C1 [Okoro, Catherine A.; Strine, Tara W.; Balluz, Lina S.; Dhingra, Satvinder; Mokdad, Ali H.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Crews, John E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Berry, Joyce T.] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Okoro, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Cokoro@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0077-z PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100010 PM 19363587 ER PT J AU Safran, MA Strine, TW Dhingra, SS Berry, JT Manderscheid, R Mokdad, AH AF Safran, Marc A. Strine, Tara W. Dhingra, Satvinder S. Berry, Joyce T. Manderscheid, Ron Mokdad, Ali H. TI Psychological distress and mental health treatment among persons with and without active duty military experience, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2007 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Mental health; Veterans; Military personnel; Psychological stress; Depression; Anxiety ID POPULATION AB To examine self-reported psychological distress (K-6 scale) and mental health treatment among persons with and without active duty U.S. military experience (ADME) currently residing in private residences in the U.S. Analysis of 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 35 states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico (n = 202,029 for those answering all K-6 questions, the treatment question, and the ADME question) Adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education, overall mean K-6 scores of those with and without ADME were similar (p = 0.3223); however, more of those with, vs. without, ADME reported current mental health treatment (11.7 % vs. 9.6 %, p = 0.0001). Those with ADME receiving such treatment had a higher mean K-6 score (7.7) than those without ADME receiving such treatment (6.9) (p = 0.0032). Community-dwelling persons with ADME have similar demographically-adjusted mean K-6 psychological distress scores, but greater likelihood of recent mental health treatment, compared to those without ADME. C1 [Safran, Marc A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CAPT, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Berry, Joyce T.] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Manderscheid, Ron] Constella Grp LLC, Ment Hlth & Subst Use Programs, Durham, NC USA. RP Safran, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CAPT, US Publ Hlth Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MSafran@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0008-z PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100011 PM 19407930 ER PT J AU Dube, SR Caraballo, RS Dhingra, SS Pearson, WS McClave, AK Strine, TW Berry, JT Mokdad, AH AF Dube, Shanta R. Caraballo, Ralph S. Dhingra, Satvinder S. Pearson, William S. McClave, Annette K. Strine, Tara W. Berry, Joyce T. Mokdad, Ali H. TI The relationship between smoking status and serious psychological distress: findings from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Smoking; Smoking cessation; Smoking and psychological distress; Smoking and mental health; Depression and smoking; Low SES groups ID ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MENTAL-ILLNESS; GLOBAL BURDEN; DEPRESSION; CESSATION; POPULATION; PREDICTORS; DISORDERS; TOLERANCE AB To examine the associations between smoking and quit attempts with psychological distress and also by socioeconomic groups. Using data on 172,938 adult respondents from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System we used the Kessler-6 scale to assess psychological distress among never, former, some-day, and everyday smokers and smokers attempting to quit. Everyday smokers and attempting quitters had higher mean levels of 30-day psychological distress than never smokers. Compared with never smokers, the odds of having serious psychological distress (SPD) were: former smokers, 1.3 (95 % CI: 1.1-1.6); some-day smokers, 2.5 (95 % CI: 2.0-3.1); and everyday smokers, 3.3 (95 % CI: 2.8-3.8). As for unsuccessful quit attempts, the odds were highest for current smokers (3.3 [95 % CI: 2.8-3.8]) versus never smokers. Among current smokers, persons with less than high school education, income less than $ 50,000, or who were unemployed or unable to work had the highest odds of reporting SPD. Given the association between current smoking behaviors and psychological distress, future tobacco prevention and control efforts may benefit by including components of mental health, especially for low SES populations. C1 [Dube, Shanta R.; Caraballo, Ralph S.; McClave, Annette K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Dhingra, Satvinder S.; Pearson, William S.; Strine, Tara W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Berry, Joyce T.] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dube, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM skd7@cdc.gov OI Regan, Annette/0000-0002-3879-6193 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0009-y PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100012 PM 19396580 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Cheng, WY AF Hootman, Jennifer M. Cheng, Wendy Y. TI Psychological distress and fair/poor health among adults with arthritis: state-specific prevalence and correlates of general health status, United States, 2007 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Arthritis; Health status; Mental health; Health behavior; Co-morbidity ID SELF-RATED HEALTH; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RISK-FACTORS; ACTIVITY LIMITATIONS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; SUBJECTIVE HEALTH; SCREENING SCALES; CARE UTILIZATION; MENTAL-HEALTH AB To: 1) estimate U.S. state-specific prevalence of serious psychological distress (SPD) and fair/poor health status (FPH), and 2) identify correlates of FPH among adults with arthritis (ARTH+). Data were from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 414,719). State-specific weighted prevalence estimates of SPD (a parts per thousand yen 13 on the Kessler 6 scale) and FPH status were calculated, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify correlates of FPH in four domains (physical health, mental health, sociodemographics, behaviors). Prevalence of SPD and FPH were 2 and 3 times higher, respectively, among ARTH+ compared to those without. Among ARTH+, the state-specific prevalence of SPD ranged from 2.7 % to 12.2 % and FPH from 22.1 % to 43.5 %. Health behaviors (physical activity, smoking, heavy drinking) and physical health indicators (e.g. activity limitation, physically unhealthy days, co-morbidity) were the strongest correlates of FPH status. After adjustment, physically active ARTH+ were 50-66 % less likely to report FPH compared to inactive ARTH+. Psychological distress and poor health status are common in arthritis; increasing physical activity may be an intervention point to improve health status. C1 [Hootman, Jennifer M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arthrit Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Cheng, Wendy Y.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arthrit Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jhootman@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 8 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0010-5 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100013 PM 19363591 ER PT J AU McGuire, LC Strine, TW Vachirasudlekha, S Anderson, LA Berry, JT Mokdad, AH AF McGuire, Lisa C. Strine, Tara W. Vachirasudlekha, Stephanie Anderson, Lynda A. Berry, Joyce T. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Modifiable characteristics of a healthy lifestyle and chronic health conditions in older adults with or without serious psychological distress, 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Aging; Health behaviors; Behavioral risk factor surveillance system; Mental health; Serious psychological distress ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; MENTAL-ILLNESS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; SMOKING; DEPRESSION; DISORDERS; SYMPTOMS; ANXIETY AB The associations between serious psychological distress (SPD), chronic health conditions, healthy behaviors, healthy weight, and use of preventive services were examined among adults 65 years old and older using the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Participants (N = 35,845) completed a scale of nonspecific psychological distress for the past 30 days. Chronic health conditions were investigated in addition to having a healthy weight (body mass index 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), not smoking, consuming a parts per thousand currency sign 1 alcoholic beverage per day, consuming at least five fruits or vegetables daily, participating in moderateto-vigorous physical activity during the average week, receiving an annual influenza immunization, and ever receiving a pneumococcal immunization. People with SPD were more likely than those without SPD to report chronic health conditions and less likely to be nonsmokers. No differences were found for the remaining healthy behaviors, healthy body weight, and use of preventive services. Older adults with SPD have a similar pattern of engagement in health behaviors, healthy weight, and use of preventive services compared to those without SPD despite reporting worse health status and presence of multiple chronic health conditions. C1 [McGuire, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Berry, Joyce T.] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McGuire, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LMcGuire@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 8 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0011-4 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100014 PM 19396583 ER PT J AU Fan, AZ Strine, TW Muppidi, SR Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB Berry, JT Jiles, R Mokdad, AH AF Fan, Amy Z. Strine, Tara W. Muppidi, Shravani Reddy Greenlund, Kurt J. Croft, Janet B. Berry, Joyce T. Jiles, Ruth Mokdad, Ali H. TI Psychological distress associated with self-reported high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol in US adults, 2007 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Hypertension; Hypercholesterolemia; Mental health; Psychological distress ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; DEPRESSION; HYPERTENSION; POPULATION; SYMPTOMS; ANXIETY AB The relationship between psychological distress and high blood pressure (HBP) and high blood cholesterol (HBC) is controversial. Psychological distress may interfere with lifestyle modification and health care service use among persons with these conditions. we examined the association between persons with HBP or HBC and psychological distress using a population-based study. Data from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used to assess if U.S. adults aged 35 years or older with self-reported HBP or HBC also had experienced psychological distress or mental health problems that interfered with their work or usual activities during the preceding 30 days. Respondents with self-reported HBP or HBC reported more psychological distress and more severe mental health problems that interfered with their work or usual activities than persons without those conditions. Psychological distress was associated with less use of selected health care services and lifestyle modification. This population-based study confirmed the close association between two major cardiovascular risk factors (HBP and HBC) and psychological distress. Persons with these conditions may improve these conditions and their mental health if they receive mental health interventions. C1 [Fan, Amy Z.; Strine, Tara W.; Greenlund, Kurt J.; Croft, Janet B.; Jiles, Ruth; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Athens, GA USA. [Muppidi, Shravani Reddy] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Berry, Joyce T.] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Fan, AZ (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM afan@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-1212-6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100015 PM 19363590 ER PT J AU Fan, AZ Strine, TW Jiles, R Berry, JT Mokdad, AH AF Fan, Amy Z. Strine, Tara W. Jiles, Ruth Berry, Joyce T. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Psychological distress, use of rehabilitation services, and disability status among noninstitutionalized US adults aged 35 years and older, who have cardiovascular conditions, 2007 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Activity limitation; Disability; Medication; Mental health; Psychological distress; Rehabilitation ID SCREENING SCALES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEART-DISEASE; MENTAL-HEALTH; DEPRESSION; ANXIETY; POPULATION; ILLNESS; RISK; LIFE AB To investigate whether psychological distress is associated with disability status and use of rehabilitation services among adults aged 35 years and older with cardiovascular conditions. Using 2007 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we assessed the association between serious psychological distress (SPD) and the prevalence of disability and use of outpatient rehabilitation services among cardiovascular disease (CVD) survivors aged 35 years or older. Respondents' SPD status was ascertained by the Kessler 6 questionnaire; their CVD survivor status was based on self-reports of physician-diagnosed coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke; and their disability status was based on self reports of activity limitation and use of special equipment. The prevalence of SPD was higher among respondents with a CVD history than those without. Among CVD survivors, those with SPD had worse disability status than those without SPD; the rate of having used any outpatient rehabilitation services following a heart attack or stroke was not significantly different by SPD status. Further studies are needed to confirm whether higher rate of disability among CVD survivors with SPD is attributable to conditions that can be corrected or improved by rehabilitation services; whether alleviating psychological distress among CVD survivors may lead to more frequent use of rehabilitation services and thus to a reduction in their rate of disability. C1 [Fan, Amy Z.; Strine, Tara W.; Jiles, Ruth; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Berry, Joyce T.] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Fan, AZ (reprint author), NCCDPHP CDC, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM afan@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 100 EP 105 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-1313-2 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100016 PM 19370310 ER PT J AU Belbeisi, A Zindah, M Walke, HT Jarrar, B Mokdad, AH AF Belbeisi, Adel Zindah, Meyasser Walke, Henry T. Jarrar, Bassam Mokdad, Ali H. TI Health related quality of life measures by demographics and common health risks, Jordan 2004 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Quality of life; Health Status Indicators; Jordan ID SURVEILLANCE AB To measure health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Jordan A multi-stage sampling design was used to select households where an adult 18 years of age or older, selected at random, was interviewed. Four HRQOL questions, initially developed by the U.S. CDC, related to mental and physical health were included in the questionnaire and overall unhealthy days were calculated. HRQOL measures were compared to selected chronic conditions and risk factors. Older adults (aged 65 and over), females, persons who were illiterate or with only primary education, and persons with monthly income less than $ 140 reported the highest percentage of fair or poor health and a parts per thousand yen14 overall unhealthy days compared to persons without these characteristics. A high percentage of persons with asthma (33 %), hypertension (37 %), high blood cholesterol (37 %), and diabetes (47 %) also reported fair and poor health. Demographic characteristics, the presence of a chronic condition or a chronic disease risk factor are important determinants of mental and physical well-being in Jordan and should be taken into account when planning public health interventions or prevention and promotion programs. C1 [Walke, Henry T.; Jarrar, Bassam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Publ Hlth Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Belbeisi, Adel; Zindah, Meyasser] Jordan Minist Hlth, Amman, Jordan. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Walke, HT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Publ Hlth Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E93, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hfw3@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 106 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0014-1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100017 PM 19365604 ER PT J AU McKnight-Eily, LR Elam-Evans, LD Strine, TW Zack, MM Perry, GS Presley-Cantrell, L Edwards, VJ Croft, JB AF McKnight-Eily, Lela R. Elam-Evans, Laurie D. Strine, Tara W. Zack, Matthew M. Perry, Geraldine S. Presley-Cantrell, Letitia Edwards, Valerie J. Croft, Janet B. TI Activity limitation, chronic disease, and comorbid serious psychological distress in US adults - BRFSS 2007 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Activity limitation; Role disability; Serious psychological distress ID MENTAL-HEALTH SURVEYS; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; GENERAL-POPULATION; DEPRESSION; DISORDERS; ILLNESS; COMMUNITY AB This study examines the prevalence of self-reported activity limitation from poor physical or mental health in the past 30 days among a sample of noninstitutionalized U.S. adults. The associations between frequent activity limitation, chronic diseases, and comorbid serious psychological distress (SPD) were also examined. 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data were used to generate prevalence estimates of days of self-reported activity limitation in the past 30 days (i. e., 0 days, 1-13 days, 14-29 days, 30 days, and 14 or more days) by selected sociodemographic characteristics, chronic disease conditions (i. e., lifetime diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, asthma), and comorbid serious psychological distress. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to generate adjusted odds ratios of frequent activity limitation (14-30 days in the past 30 days) among persons with selected chronic disease conditions and among those with comorbid serious psychological distress. A total of 21 % of adults reported activity limitation for at least 1 day in the past 30 days; 6.6 % reported 14 or more days, and 3.4 % reported all 30 days. Comorbid serious psychological distress was significantly associated with reported frequent activity limitation among persons who also reported a lifetime diagnosis of selected chronic diseases. Furthermore, in multivariate models adjusted for sociodemographic variables and the presence of the other chronic conditions, adults with comorbid lifetime diagnosis of a selected chronic disease and serious psychological distress were significantly more likely to report 14 or more days of activity limitation than those with only a lifetime diagnosis of a chronic condition. Physicians should proactively screen and effectively treat co-occurring mental conditions in patients with chronic diseases who report frequent days of activity limitation because serious psychological distress may contribute to their level of impairment. C1 [McKnight-Eily, Lela R.; Elam-Evans, Laurie D.; Strine, Tara W.; Zack, Matthew M.; Perry, Geraldine S.; Presley-Cantrell, Letitia; Edwards, Valerie J.; Croft, Janet B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McKnight-Eily, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LMcKnightEily@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-0015-0 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 462GW UT WOS:000267340100018 PM 19421709 ER PT J AU Kankasa, C Carter, RJ Briggs, N Bulterys, M Chama, E Cooper, ER Costa, C Spielman, E Katepa-Bwalya, M M'soka, T Chola, K Ou, CY Abrams, EJ AF Kankasa, Chipepo Carter, Rosalind J. Briggs, Nancy Bulterys, Marc Chama, Eslone Cooper, Ellen R. Costa, Cristiane Spielman, Erica Katepa-Bwalya, Mary M'soka, Tendai Chola, Katai Ou, Chin-Yih Abrams, Elaine J. TI Routine Offering of HIV Testing to Hospitalized Pediatric Patients at University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia: Acceptability and Feasibility SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE Africa; early infant diagnosis; HTV testing; pediatric HIV; provider initiated testing and counseling ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION; DRIED BLOOD SPOTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UNINFECTED INFANTS; FREE SURVIVAL; SOUTH-AFRICA; CARE; PREVENTION AB Objectives: The difficulties diagnosing infants and children with HIV infection have been cited as barriers to increasing the number of children receiving antiretroviral therapy worldwide. Design: We implemented routine HIV antibody counseling and testing for pediatric patients hospitalized at the University Teaching Hospital, a national reference center, in Lusaka, Zambia. We also introduced HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for early infant diagnosis. Methods: Caregivers/parents of children admitted to the hospital wards were routinely offered HIV counseling and testing for their children. HIV antibody positive (HIV+) children < 18 months of age were tested with PCR for HIV DNA. Results: From January 1, 2006, to June 30, 2007, among 15,670 children with unknown HIV status, 13,239 (84.5%) received counseling and 11,571 (87.4%) of those counseled were tested. Overall, 3373 (29.2%) of those tested were seropositive. Seropositivity was associated with younger age: 69.6% of those testing HIV antibody positive were < 18 months of age. The proportion of counseled children who were tested increased each quarter from 76.0% in January to March 2006 to 88.2% in April to June 2007 (P < 0.001). From April 2006 to June 2007, 1276 PCR tests were done; 806 (63.2%) were positive. The rate of PCR positivity increased with age from 22% in children < 6 weeks of age to 61% at 3-6 months and to 85% at 12-18 months (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Routine counseling and antibody testing of pediatric inpatients can identify large numbers of HIV-seropositive children in high prevalence settings. The high rate of HIV infection in hospitalized infants and young children also underscores the urgent need for early infant diagnostic capacity in high prevalence settings. C1 [Carter, Rosalind J.; Briggs, Nancy; Costa, Cristiane; Abrams, Elaine J.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Kankasa, Chipepo; Chama, Eslone; Spielman, Erica; Katepa-Bwalya, Mary; M'soka, Tendai; Chola, Katai] Univ Teaching Hosp, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. [Bulterys, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Lusaka, Zambia. [Cooper, Ellen R.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. [Ou, Chin-Yih] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abrams, EJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs, 722 W168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM eja1@columbia.edu FU NCHHSTP CDC HHS [U2G PS001423] NR 53 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 BP 202 EP 208 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 451IJ UT WOS:000266463600014 PM 19504732 ER PT J AU Sandlin, CS Johnson, RC Swaim, L Ashley, DL AF Sandlin, Christopher S. Johnson, Rudolph C. Swaim, Leigh Ashley, David L. TI Laboratory Information Management System for Emergency Response: Validation and Quality Assurance of Analytical Methodologies SO JALA LA English DT Article DE LIMS; laboratory automation; emergency response; validation; quality assurance; analytical methods ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB The Emergency Response Management System is a customizable laboratory information management system (LIMS) developed to support chemical terrorism emergency response laboratory activities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Unique features of the LIMS include the following: (I) method profiles that provide an efficient tool for both validation and production experiments, (2) scalability of each assay to accommodate emergency surge-capacity needs, (3) standardized data formats for communicating between different instrument types and vendors, and (4) automated quality assurance communications that allow remote review and approval by CDC statisticians and supervisors. The system has been tested under exercise and real conditions for more than five years and has proved to be robust and effective. (JALA 2009;14:126-32) C1 [Sandlin, Christopher S.] Battelle Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Johnson, Rudolph C.; Swaim, Leigh; Ashley, David L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sandlin, CS (reprint author), Battelle Med Res & Evaluat Facil, 505 King Ave,JM 3, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM csandlin@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1535-5535 J9 JALA-J ASSOC LAB AUT JI JALA PD JUN PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 SI SI BP 126 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.jala.2009.02.001 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 692OV UT WOS:000285163000005 ER PT J AU Jain, N Hennessey, K AF Jain, Nidhi Hennessey, Karen TI Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage among US Adolescents, National Immunization Survey-Teen, 2006 SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE NIS; Adolescent; Hepatitis B; Vaccination ID MEDICAL HOME; PROGRAM; IMPACT; STATES AB Purpose: To determine national estimates of hepatitis B vaccination among adolescents in the United States and factors associated with vaccination using provider-reported immunization histories. Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2006 National Immunization Survey-Teen, a random-digit-dialed telephone survey sampling households with adolescents aged 13-17 years. Provider-reported immunization histories were obtained to determine hepatitis B vaccination coverage. Results: The household response rate was 56.2% (n = 5468); provider data was obtained from 52.7% (n = 2882). Overall up-to-date hepatitis B vaccination coverage was 81.3%; older adolescents aged 15-17 years old had lower coverage than younger adolescents aged 13-14 years old, (77.6% vs. 87.1%, p < .05). More than half of the 13-14-year-olds had received vaccination before age 3 years, while 15-17-year-olds received vaccination throughout childhood. Factors associated with vaccination coverage among adolescents 13-14 years old included private health insurance coverage and having a parent-reported health care visit at age of 11-12 years. Factors associated with vaccination coverage among adolescents 15-17 years old included living in the Northeast, having a mother who was married, and having a parent-reported health care visit at 11-12 years. Conclusions: In 2006, adolescents 15-17 years old had lower hepatitis B vaccination coverage compared to those 13-14 years old. Younger adolescents likely benefited from universal recommendations in 1991 and received hepatitis B vaccination during early childhood. A healthcare visit at age 11-12 years has been recommended by professional organizations and was associated with hepatitis B vaccination in our survey. Parents and providers should routinely review adolescent immunizations. (C) 2009 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Jain, Nidhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jain, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM njain@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 561 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.10.143 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 453YC UT WOS:000266647800008 PM 19465320 ER PT J AU Blanks, RHI Besser, R AF Blanks, Robert H. I. Besser, Richard TI Reorganizational Healing: A Health Change Model Whose Time Has Come (vol 15, pg 461, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Correction C1 [Besser, Richard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 695 EP 695 DI 10.1089/acm.2009.0250-C PG 1 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 458KB UT WOS:000267016200018 ER PT J AU Kelley, GA Kelley, KS Hootman, JM Jones, DL AF Kelley, George A. Kelley, Kristi S. Hootman, Jennifer M. Jones, Dina L. TI Exercise and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Community-Dwelling Adults A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exercise; physical activity; quality-of-life; meta-analysis; gerontology ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CLINICAL-TRIALS; SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE; STATISTICAL TESTS; PUBLICATION BIAS; SPORTS-MEDICINE; OUTCOME MEASURE; SURVEY SF-36; POPULATION AB The authors used the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of physical activity on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older community-dwelling adults. A random-effects model was used for all primary analyses. Of the 257 studies screened, 11 randomized controlled trials representing 13 groups and 617 men and women (324 physical activity, 293 control), all older than 50, were included. Overall, a significant (small to moderate) standardized effect size improvement was found for physical function as a result of physical activity (Hedges's g = 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19, 0.64, p < .001). This was equivalent to a common language effect size of 62% and an odds ratio of 2.14 (95% CI = 1.42, 3.24). No significant differences were found for the other nine HRQOL outcomes. Although additional research is needed, results suggest that physical activity improves self-reported physical function, a component of HRQOL, in older community-dwelling adults. C1 [Kelley, George A.] W Virginia Univ, Meta Analyt Res Grp, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Kelley, Kristi S.] W Virginia Univ, Meta Analyt Res Lab, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Hootman, Jennifer M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arthrit Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth Arthrit Epilepsy & Qua, Life Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jones, Dina L.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Orthopaed, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Jones, Dina L.] W Virginia Univ, Div Phys Therapy, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Kelley, GA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Meta Analyt Res Grp, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 57 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0733-4648 J9 J APPL GERONTOL JI J. Appl. Gerontol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 369 EP 394 DI 10.1177/0733464808327456 PG 26 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 438HY UT WOS:000265547700008 ER PT J AU Little, J Higgins, JPT Ioannidis, JPA Moher, D Gagnon, F von Elm, E Khoury, MJ Cohen, B Davey-Smith, G Grimshaw, J Scheet, P Gwinn, M Williamson, RE Zou, GY Hutchings, K Johnson, CY Tait, V Wiens, M Golding, J van Duijn, C McLaughlin, J Paterson, A Wells, G Fortier, I Freedman, M Zecevic, M King, R Infante-Rivard, C Stewart, AF Birkett, N AF Little, Julian Higgins, Julian P. T. Ioannidis, John P. A. Moher, David Gagnon, France von Elm, Erik Khoury, Muin J. Cohen, Barbara Davey-Smith, George Grimshaw, Jeremy Scheet, Paul Gwinn, Marta Williamson, Robin E. Zou, Guang Yong Hutchings, Kim Johnson, Candice Y. Tait, Valerie Wiens, Miriam Golding, Jean van Duijn, Cornelia McLaughlin, John Paterson, Andrew Wells, George Fortier, Isabel Freedman, Matthew Zecevic, Maja King, Richard Infante-Rivard, Claire Stewart, Alex F. Birkett, Nick TI STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA)-an extension of the strengthening the reporting, of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Gene-disease associations; Genetics; Gene-environment interaction; Systematic review; Reporting recommendations; Epidemiology; Genome-wide association ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS; GENOTYPING ERRORS; COMPLEX DISEASES; PROSTATE-CANCER; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM AB Making sense of rapidly evolving evidence on genetic associations is crucial to making genuine advances in human genomics and the eventual integration of this information in the practice of medicine and public health. Assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this evidence, and hence, the ability to synthesize it, has been limited by inadequate reporting Of results. The STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association (STREGA) studies initiative builds on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement and provides additions to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The additions concern population stratification, genotyping errors, modeling haplotype variation, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, replication, selection of participants, rationale for choice of genes and variants, treatment effects in studying quantitative traits, statistical methods, relatedness, reporting of descriptive and outcome data, and the volume of data issues that are important to consider in genetic association studies. The STREGA recommendations (to not prescribe or dictate how a genetic association study Should be designed, but seek to enhance the transparency of its reporting, regardless of choices made during design, conduct, or analysis. (C) 2009 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Little, Julian; Moher, David; Hutchings, Kim; Johnson, Candice Y.; Tait, Valerie; Wiens, Miriam; Birkett, Nick] Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. [Higgins, Julian P. T.] MRC, Biostat Unit, Cambridge CB2 2BW, England. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Genet Epidemiol & Modeling, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Gagnon, France] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [von Elm, Erik] Univ Bern, Inst Social & Prevent Med, Bern, Switzerland. [von Elm, Erik] Univ Med Ctr, German Cochrane Ctr, Dept Med Biometry & Med Informat, Freiburg, Germany. [Khoury, Muin J.; Gwinn, Marta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cohen, Barbara] Publ Lib Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Davey-Smith, George] Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, MRC, Ctr Causal Analyses Translat Epidemiol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Grimshaw, Jeremy] Univ Ottawa, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. [Scheet, Paul] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Williamson, Robin E.] Amer Journal Human Genet, Boston, MA USA. [Zou, Guang Yong] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, ON, Canada. [Zou, Guang Yong] Robarts Res Inst, Robarts Clin Trials, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. [Golding, Jean] Paediat & Perinatal Epidemiol, Bristol, Avon, England. [van Duijn, Cornelia] Europeon Journal Epidemiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [McLaughlin, John] Canc Care Ontario, Populat Studies & Surveillance, Toronto, ON, Canada. [McLaughlin, John] Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Prosserman Ctr Hlth Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. [Paterson, Andrew] Hosp Sick Children SickKids, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Fortier, Isabel] McGill Univ, Genome Quebec & P3G Observ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Fortier, Isabel] Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Freedman, Matthew] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zecevic, Maja] Lancet, New York, NY USA. [King, Richard] Genet Med, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Infante-Rivard, Claire] McGill Univ, Fac Med, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Wells, George] Univ Ottawa, Inst Heart, Cardiovasc Res Methods Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. RP Little, J (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. EM jlittle@uottawa.ca RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Higgins, Julian/H-4008-2011; Grimshaw, Jeremy/D-8726-2013; McLaughlin, John/E-4577-2013; Zou, Guangyong/K-6408-2013; Paterson, Andrew/A-4088-2011; Davey Smith, George/A-7407-2013; OI von Elm, Erik/0000-0002-7412-0406; Stewart, Alexandre/0000-0003-2673-9164; Grimshaw, Jeremy/0000-0001-8015-8243; Golding, Jean/0000-0003-2826-3307; Higgins, Julian/0000-0002-8323-2514; Paterson, Andrew/0000-0002-9169-118X; Davey Smith, George/0000-0002-1407-8314; Moher , David /0000-0003-2434-4206 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U105285807, G0600705] NR 155 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 62 IS 6 BP 597 EP 608 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.12.004 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 448WB UT WOS:000266291600009 PM 19217256 ER PT J AU Hall, TA Sampath, R Blyn, LB Ranken, R Ivy, C Melton, R Matthews, H White, N Li, F Harpin, V Ecker, DJ McDougal, LK Limbago, B Ross, T Wolk, DM Wysocki, V Carroll, KC AF Hall, Thomas A. Sampath, Rangarajan Blyn, Lawrence B. Ranken, Raymond Ivy, Cristina Melton, Rachael Matthews, Heather White, Neill Li, Feng Harpin, Vanessa Ecker, David J. McDougal, Linda K. Limbago, Brandi Ross, Tracy Wolk, Donna M. Wysocki, Vicki Carroll, Karen C. TI Rapid Molecular Genotyping and Clonal Complex Assignment of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates by PCR Coupled to Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; UNITED-STATES; UNIVERSAL BIOSENSOR; STRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE AB We describe a high-throughput assay using PCR coupled to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) to determine the genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The primer sets used in the PCR/ESI-MS assay were designed to amplify the same genes analyzed in multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The method was used to identify the clonal complex and USA type of each isolate and is suitable for use in a clinical or public-health setting. The method was validated using a panel of diverse isolates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that were previously characterized by MLST and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Clinical isolates from two geographically distinct hospitals were characterized, and the clustering results were in agreement with those for repetitive-element PCR and PFGE. The PCR/ESI-MS method enables genotyping of over 180 samples of S. aureus per day in an automated fashion. C1 [Ross, Tracy; Carroll, Karen C.] Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Hall, Thomas A.; Sampath, Rangarajan; Blyn, Lawrence B.; Ranken, Raymond; Ivy, Cristina; Melton, Rachael; Matthews, Heather; White, Neill; Li, Feng; Harpin, Vanessa; Ecker, David J.] Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. [McDougal, Linda K.; Limbago, Brandi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wolk, Donna M.; Wysocki, Vicki] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Carroll, KC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM kcarrol7@jhmi.edu FU [AI065359] FX The work at the University of Arizona was partially supported by grant AI065359. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1733 EP 1741 DI 10.1128/JCM.02175-08 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 451EV UT WOS:000266454400021 PM 19297593 ER PT J AU Swenson, JM Brasso, WB Ferraro, MJ Hardy, DJ Knapp, CC Lonsway, D McAllister, S Reller, LB Sader, HS Shortridge, D Skov, R Weinstein, MP Zimmer, BL Patel, JB AF Swenson, Jana M. Brasso, William B. Ferraro, Mary Jane Hardy, Dwight J. Knapp, Cynthia C. Lonsway, David McAllister, Sigrid Reller, L. Barth Sader, Helio S. Shortridge, Dee Skov, Robert Weinstein, Melvin P. Zimmer, Barbara L. Patel, Jean B. TI Correlation of Cefoxitin MICs with the Presence of mecA in Staphylococcus spp. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; METHICILLIN RESISTANCE; DIFFUSION; MOXALACTAM; AUREUS; SYSTEM AB This report describes the results of an 11-laboratory study to determine if a cefoxitin broth microdilution MIC test could predict the presence of mecA in staphylococci. Using breakpoints of <= 4 mu g/ml for mecA-negative and >= 6 or 8 mu g/ml for mecA-positive isolates, sensitivity and specificity based on mecA or presumed mecA for Staphylococcus aureus at 18 h of incubation were 99.7 to 100% in three cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broths tested. For coagulase-negative strains at 24 h of incubation, breakpoints of <= 2 mu g/ml for mecA-negative and >= 4 mu g/ml for mecA-positive isolates gave sensitivity and specificity of 94 to 99% and 69 to 80%, respectively. C1 [Swenson, Jana M.; Lonsway, David; McAllister, Sigrid; Patel, Jean B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ferraro, Mary Jane] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Brasso, William B.] BD Diagnost Syst, Sparks, MD 21152 USA. [Hardy, Dwight J.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr Hosp, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Knapp, Cynthia C.] Trek Diagnost Syst, Cleveland, OH 44131 USA. [Reller, L. Barth] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Sader, Helio S.] JMI Labs, N Liberty, IA 52317 USA. [Shortridge, Dee] BioMerieux Inc, Hazelwood, MO 63042 USA. [Skov, Robert] Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Weinstein, Melvin P.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Zimmer, Barbara L.] Siemens Healthcare Diagnost MicroScan, W Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. RP Swenson, JM (reprint author), Mailstop G08,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jms1@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1902 EP 1905 DI 10.1128/JCM.02304-08 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 451EV UT WOS:000266454400047 PM 19357210 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, DR Yang, CF Ching, K Vincent, A Iber, J Campagnoli, R Mandelbaum, M De, L Yang, SJ Nix, A Kew, OM AF Kilpatrick, David R. Yang, Chen-Fu Ching, Karen Vincent, Annelet Iber, Jane Campagnoli, Ray Mandelbaum, Mark De, Lina Yang, Su-Ju Nix, Allan Kew, Olen M. TI Rapid Group-, Serotype-, and Vaccine Strain-Specific Identification of Poliovirus Isolates by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Using Degenerate Primers and Probes Containing Deoxyinosine Residues SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CODON DEGENERACY; MIXED-BASE; IN-VITRO; AMPLIFICATION; POSITIONS AB We have adapted our previously described poliovirus diagnostic reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays to a real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) format. Our highly specific assays and rRT-PCR reagents are designed for use in the WHO Global Polio Laboratory Network for rapid and large-scale identification of poliovirus field isolates. C1 [Kilpatrick, David R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kilpatrick, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, G-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DKilpatrick@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1939 EP 1941 DI 10.1128/JCM.00702-09 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 451EV UT WOS:000266454400057 PM 19386844 ER PT J AU Munoz-Jordan, JL AF Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L. TI NS1 Detection in Addition to Reverse Transcriptase PCR and Transcription-Mediated Amplification of Dengue Virus RNA in Acutely Ill Patients Reply SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Diagnost & Res Lab, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Munoz-Jordan, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Diagnost & Res Lab, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM ckq2@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1983 EP 1983 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 451EV UT WOS:000266454400071 ER PT J AU Grytdal, SP Liao, Y Chen, R Garvin, CC Grigg-Saito, D Kagawa-Singer, M Liang, S McPhee, SJ Nguyen, TT Tran, JH Gallagher, KM AF Grytdal, Scott P. Liao, Youlian Chen, Roxana Garvin, Cheza C. Grigg-Saito, Dorcas Kagawa-Singer, Marjorie Liang, Sidney McPhee, Stephen J. Nguyen, Tung T. Tran, Jacqueline H. Gallagher, Kathleen M. TI Hepatitis B Testing and Vaccination Among Vietnamese- and Cambodian-Americans SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Hepatitis B; Screening; Vaccination; Refugee/immigrant health ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS INFECTION; KNOWLEDGE; WOMEN; IMMIGRANTS; PREVALENCE; MEN AB We determined hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing and vaccination levels and factors associated with testing and vaccination among Vietnamese- and Cambodian-Americans. We also examined factors associated with healthcare professional (HCP)-patient discussions about HBV. We analyzed 2006 Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) 2010 Risk Factor Survey data from four US communities. We used logistic regression to identify variables associated with HBV vaccination, testing, and HCP-patient discussions about HBV. Of the 2,049 Vietnamese- and Cambodian-American respondents, 60% reported being tested for HBV, 35% reported being vaccinated against hepatitis B, and 36% indicated that they had discussed HBV with a HCP. Cambodian-Americans were less likely than Vietnamese-Americans to have been tested for HBV, while respondents with at least a high school diploma were more likely to have been tested for HBV. Respondents born in the US, younger individuals, and respondents with at least some college education were more likely to have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. HBV testing and vaccination remain suboptimal among members of these populations. Culturally sensitive efforts that target Vietnamese- and Cambodian-Americans for HBV testing and vaccination are needed to identify chronic carriers of HBV, prevent new infections, and provide appropriate medical management. HCPs that serve these populations should be encouraged to discuss HBV with their patients. C1 [Grytdal, Scott P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Liao, Youlian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Chen, Roxana; Garvin, Cheza C.] Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Grigg-Saito, Dorcas; Liang, Sidney] Lowell Community Hlth Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Kagawa-Singer, Marjorie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth & Asian Amer Studies, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [McPhee, Stephen J.; Nguyen, Tung T.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gen Internal Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Tran, Jacqueline H.] Orange Cty Asian & Pacific Islander Community All, Garden Grove, CA 92843 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grytdal, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM spgrytdal@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s10900-008-9141-5 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 424EL UT WOS:000264548200002 PM 19234773 ER PT J AU Meshack, A Moultry, AM Hu, S McAlister, AL AF Meshack, Angela Moultry, Aisha Morris Hu, Shaohua McAlister, Alfred L. TI Smoking Cessation Counseling Practices of Texas Pharmacists SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Smoking cessation; Pharmacy education; Pharmacists' counseling; Tobacco use; Disease prevention ID TOBACCO CESSATION; PROGRAM AB A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine pharmacists' awareness and education about smoking cessation and their communication with patients about smoking cessation. A survey was mailed to East Texas pharmacists practicing in the areas of hospital or clinical, retail or community, managed care, consultant, or academic pharmacy. Outcome measurements included: measures of the awareness of the 5 A's and 5 R's of smoking cessation, training received in smoking cessation, and communication practices regarding smoking cessation. There were 320 respondents. Approximately 10% of the respondents indicated they had received tobacco cessation counseling education during their formal educational training, 36% during continuing education programs, and 9% during both formal training and continuing education. About 44% reported they had received no tobacco cessation counseling training. Among pharmacists surveyed, 5% responded that they usually or always ask their patients if they smoke cigarettes, pipe, or cigars, 43% reported they sometimes or half of the time ask, and 45% said they never ask. There is a clear relationship between pharmacists awareness and education of smoking cessation techniques and their communication with patients about them. Pharmacy education leaders must continue their movement to include public health in the pharmacy curricula to produce pharmacists who are prepared to better serve the community. C1 [Moultry, Aisha Morris] Texas So Univ, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Meshack, Angela] Intervent & Res Associates LLC, Houston, TX 77088 USA. [Hu, Shaohua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [McAlister, Alfred L.] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Moultry, AM (reprint author), Texas So Univ, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, 3100 Cleburne St, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM morris_ma@tsu.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1007/s10900-008-9146-0 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 424EL UT WOS:000264548200010 PM 19132517 ER PT J AU Sarisky, J AF Sarisky, John TI The Environmental Public Health Performance Standards: Strengthening the Nation's Environmental Public Health Infrastructure and Improving Environmental Health Practice SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Sarisky, John] CDC, Environm Publ Hlth Leadership Inst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sarisky, J (reprint author), CDC, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Jsarisky@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 71 IS 10 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 448ZE UT WOS:000266299700003 PM 19537643 ER PT J AU Strickland, MJ Klein, M Darrow, LA Flanders, WD Correa, A Marcus, M Tolbert, PE AF Strickland, M. J. Klein, M. Darrow, L. A. Flanders, W. D. Correa, A. Marcus, M. Tolbert, P. E. TI The issue of confounding in epidemiological studies of ambient air pollution and pregnancy outcomes SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; ADVERSE BIRTH OUTCOMES; OF-THE-LITERATURE; PRETERM BIRTH; PERSONAL EXPOSURES; FETAL-GROWTH; OUTDOOR AIR; LOS-ANGELES; WEIGHT; HEALTH AB Background: Relationships between ambient air pollution levels during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes have been investigated using one of three analytic approaches: ambient pollution levels have been contrasted over space, time or both space and time. Although the three approaches share a common goal, to estimate the causal effects of pollution on pregnancy outcomes, they face different challenges with respect to confounding. Methods: A framework based on counterfactual effect definitions to examine issues related to confounding in spatial, temporal, and spatial-temporal analyses of air pollution and pregnancy outcomes is presented, and their implications for inference are discussed. Results: In spatial analyses, risk factors that are spatially correlated with pollution levels are confounders; the primary challenges relate to the availability and validity of risk factor measurements. In temporal analyses, where smooth functions of time are commonly used to control for confounding, concerns relate to the adequacy of control and the possibility that abrupt changes in risk might be systematically related to pollution levels. Spatial-temporal approaches are subject to challenges faced in both spatial and temporal analyses. Conclusion: Each approach faces different challenges with respect to the likely sources of confounding and the ability to control for that confounding because of differences in the type, availability, and quality of information required. Thoughtful consideration of these differences should help investigators select the analytic approach that best promotes the validity of their research. C1 [Strickland, M. J.; Klein, M.; Darrow, L. A.; Tolbert, P. E.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Strickland, M. J.; Correa, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Flanders, W. D.; Marcus, M.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Strickland, MJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mjstric@sph.emory.edu RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015; Marcus, Michele/J-2746-2015 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01-ES012967-01A1]; Health Resources and Services Administration [T03MC07651] FX National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant R01-ES012967-01A1 and Health Resources and Services Administration grant T03MC07651. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 63 IS 6 BP 500 EP 504 DI 10.1136/jech.2008.080499 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 445IS UT WOS:000266045100016 PM 19228684 ER PT J AU Cannon, MJ Operskalski, EA Mosley, JW Radford, K Dollard, SC AF Cannon, Michael J. Operskalski, Eva A. Mosley, James W. Radford, Kay Dollard, Sheila C. TI Lack of Evidence for Human Herpesvirus-8 Transmission via Blood Transfusion in a Historical US Cohort SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; RISK-FACTORS; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; INFECTION; RECIPIENTS; DONORS; WOMEN AB Background. Recent studies have found evidence of occasional human herpesvirus (HHV)-8 transmission via blood transfusion. However, because these studies were conducted outside the United States or did not have linked donor-recipient pairs, they have a limited ability to inform US blood-banking policy. Methods. We investigated HHV-8 transmission via blood transfusion in the United States by conducting HHV-8 serologic testing among participants of the Transfusion-Transmitted Viruses Study (TTVS), who enrolled during the 1970s. Results. HHV-8 seroprevalence was 2.8% (29/1023) among blood donors, 7.1% (96/1350) among transfusion recipients, 7.7% (46/599) among surgical control patients who did not receive transfusions, and 96.3% (77/80) among control patients with Kaposi sarcoma. One transfusion recipient seroconverted (0.08% [1/1259]), but this patient did not receive any HHV-8-seropositive blood units, suggesting that the infection was not related to blood transfusion. One of the surgical control patients who did not receive transfusions also seroconverted (0.18% [1/556]). Rates of seroconversion were 1.6 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-8.9 per 1000 person-years) for the transfusion recipients and 3.6 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 0.09-20.1 per 1000 person-years) for the surgical control patients who did not receive transfusions (P = .61). Conclusions. Rates of HHV-8 seroconversion in the transfusion and nontransfusion groups were not statistically different, and the historical nature of the cohort (e. g., before leukoreduction) suggests that any current transmission via blood transfusion is rare. C1 [Cannon, Michael J.; Radford, Kay; Dollard, Sheila C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Operskalski, Eva A.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Operskalski, Eva A.; Mosley, James W.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Cannon, MJ (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-47, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mcannon@cdc.gov RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health [N01-HB-42972] FX Financial support: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (contract N01-HB-42972 to support the formation and maintenance of the Transfusion-Transmitted Viruses Study repository). NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 11 BP 1592 EP 1598 DI 10.1086/598859 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 444SL UT WOS:000266000600006 PM 19385734 ER PT J AU Benken, DE Reynolds, MS Hunter, AS AF Benken, Donald E. Reynolds, Meredith S. Hunter, Alicia S. TI National Summit on Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control - Preface SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article C1 [Benken, Donald E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Reynolds, Meredith S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guidelines & Recommendat Team, Obes Branch, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Pre, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hunter, Alicia S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Policy & Partnerships Team, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Benken, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SUM PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 5 EP 6 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2009.00384.x PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 453KQ UT WOS:000266609700001 PM 19493084 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA AF Mensah, George A. TI Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SUM PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 7 EP 8 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2009.00385.x PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 453KQ UT WOS:000266609700002 PM 19493085 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH Hunter, AS AF Dietz, William H. Hunter, Alicia S. TI Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control: The Public Health Framework for Action SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; BEHAVIOR C1 [Dietz, William H.; Hunter, Alicia S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dietz, William H.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SUM PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2009.00386.x PG 6 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 453KQ UT WOS:000266609700003 PM 19493086 ER PT J AU Monroe, JA Collins, JL Maier, HPS Merrill, T Benjamin, GC Moulton, AD AF Monroe, Judith A. Collins, Janet L. Maier, Hon. Pamela S. Merrill, Thomas Benjamin, Georges C. Moulton, Anthony D. TI Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control: A Framework for Action SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article ID HEALTH C1 [Monroe, Judith A.] Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Maier, Hon. Pamela S.] Delaware Gen Assembly, Delaware, OH USA. [Merrill, Thomas] Univ Connecticut, Sch Law, Hartford, CT 06112 USA. [Moulton, Anthony D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Monroe, JA (reprint author), Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. FU CDC Public Health Law Program, Lindsey Murtagh FX The authors acknowledge valuable assistance from Donald E. Benken, J.D., M. P. H., CDC Public Health Law Program, Lindsey Murtagh, J. D. candidate, Harvard University School of Law, and Melisa L. Thombley, J. D., M. P. H., CDC Public Health Law Program. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SUM PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2009.00387.x PG 9 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 453KQ UT WOS:000266609700004 PM 19493087 ER PT J AU Curtis, KA Rudolph, DL Owen, M AF Curtis, Kelly A. Rudolph, Donna L. Owen, Michele TI Sequence-Specific Detection Method for Reverse Transcription, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification of HIV-1 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE loop-mediated isothermal amplification; HIV-1; nucleic acid amplification ID RAPID DETECTION; DNA AMPLIFICATION; VISUAL DETECTION; LAMP; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; VIRUS; HYBRIDIZATION; TUBERCULOSIS; STATE AB HIV diagnosis at the point-of-care or in resource-limited settings poses considerable challenges due to time and cost limitations. Currently, nucleic acid-based tests are the only reliable method for diagnosing recent infections during the window period post-infection and pre-sero-conversion, but these tests are only suitable for well-equipped laboratory settings. The reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) technology exhibits characteristics that are ideal for the development of a rapid, cost-effective nucleic acid-based test for detection of HIV DNA and RNA. In this study, a sequence-specific detection method was developed for immediate, naked-eye visualization of RT-LAMP products with high sensitivity and specificity. The rapid detection method was incorporated into the HIV-1-specific RT-LAMP assay and validated using minute volumes of whole blood from HIV-1-infected individuals. Together with the minimal sample preparation time and one-step, isothermal amplification reaction, the sequence-specific detection method adds to the overall versatility of the RT-LAMP assay and enhances the applicability for use at point-of-care or resource-limited sites. J. Med. Virol. 81:966-972, 2009. Publislied 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 [Curtis, Kelly A.; Rudolph, Donna L.; Owen, Michele] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Curtis, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM czv2@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 81 IS 6 BP 966 EP 972 DI 10.1002/jmv.21490 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 439WK UT WOS:000265658100003 PM 19382260 ER PT J AU Castello, AA Arguelles, MH Rota, RP Humphrey, CD Olthoff, A Gentsch, JR Glass, RI Glikmann, G Jiang, BM AF Castello, Alejandro A. Arguelles, Marcelo H. Rota, Rosana P. Humphrey, Charles D. Olthoff, Alicia Gentsch, Jon R. Glass, Roger I. Glikmann, Graciela Jiang, Baoming TI Detection and Characterization of Group C Rotavirus in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1997-2003 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE group C rotavirus; non-group A rotavirus; detection methods; VP7 ID GROUP-B ROTAVIRUS; FECAL SPECIMENS; UNITED-STATES; 1ST DETECTION; DIARRHEA; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE AB The role of group C rotaviruses as a cause of diarrhea was examined among children <17 years of age admitted to a Hospital in a suburban area of Buenos Aires, Argentina between 1997 and 2003. A total of 1,579 fecal samples were screened for group A (RVA) and C (RVC) rotaviruses by two in-house ELISA methods at Quilmes University (UNQ-ELISA). Samples positive, doubtful and negative by RVC specific UNQ-ELlSA (n = 246) were examined further for RVC by another in-house ELISA (CDC-ELISA), electron microscopy, RT-PCR, nested PCR, and Southern hybridization. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for each test were determined. While the sensitivity was comparable for the nested PCR and CDC-ELISA methods (82.5%), the molecular methods were slightly more specific. Poorly preserved particles were often seen in fecal samples, suggesting that degradation of RNA could be a factor influencing the performance of molecular methods. The incidence of RVC was estimated to be 3% without apparent differences among seasons. RVC infected patients had a significantly (P < 0.001) higher median age (6 years vs. 1 year) than those with RVA infection. Sequence of the RVC VP7 gene from six Argentinean strains and sequences reported previously in different countries showed high nucleotide (94.4-99.9%) sequence identities, indicating a high degree of conservation for human RVC VP7 genes among strains collected on five continents over a period of 17 years. These findings indicate that RVC is a significant cause of diarrhea and it is necessary to develop simple and sensitive serological methods for its detection. J. Med. Virol. 81:1109-1116, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Castello, Alejandro A.; Arguelles, Marcelo H.; Rota, Rosana P.; Glikmann, Graciela] Univ Nacl Quilmes, LIV, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Castello, Alejandro A.; Gentsch, Jon R.; Glass, Roger I.; Jiang, Baoming] US Dept HHS, Div Viral Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Humphrey, Charles D.] US Dept HHS, Div Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Olthoff, Alicia] Hosp Materno Infantil Dr Eduardo Oller, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Castello, AA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Quilmes, LIV, Roque Saenz Pena 352,Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM acastello@unq.edu.ar OI Castello, Alejandro/0000-0002-0586-1702 FU Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID); Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Universidad Nacional de Quilmes FX Grant sponsor: Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) (partial support); Grant sponsor (partial): Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) (Fellowship Program); Grant sponsor (partial): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Grant sponsor (partial): Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1109 EP 1116 DI 10.1002/jmv.21453 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 439WK UT WOS:000265658100023 PM 19382268 ER PT J AU Klaassen, CHW de Valk, HA Balajee, SA Meis, JFGM AF Klaassen, Corne H. W. de Valk, Hanneke A. Balajee, S. Arunmozhi Meis, Jacques F. G. M. TI Utility of CSP typing to sub-type clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolates and proposal for a new CSP type nomenclature SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus fumigatus; Sub-typing; Population; Epidemiology; Microsatellites; Sequence based typing ID CANDIDA-ALBICANS; TANDEM REPEATS AB CSP typing is a newly developed sub-typing strategy that employs comparative DNA sequence analysis of the 12-mer tandem repeat region of the AFUA_3G08890 gene. in order to allow standardization of analysis and exchange of results between laboratories, we propose a new nomenclature for individual CSP repeats as well as for CSP types. A collection of 209 clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus recovered from various hospitals throughout The Netherlands was analyzed by using CSP typing and this newly proposed nomenclature. Eighteen different CSP types were recognized, positioning the CSP gene as a typing target between the relatively low discriminatory MLST loci and the highly discriminatory microsatellite markers. CSP typing may be a welcome addition to the existing molecular methods to study the diversity of A. fumigatus at the sub-population level. The results also show the presence of lineages of closely related CSP types within the A. fumigatus population, adding unique and valuable information about the population structure of A. fumigatus. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Klaassen, Corne H. W.; de Valk, Hanneke A.; Meis, Jacques F. G. M.] Canisius Wilhelmina Hosp, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Balajee, S. Arunmozhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, CA USA. RP Klaassen, CHW (reprint author), Canisius Wilhelmina Hosp, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM c.klaassen@cwz.nl RI Meis, Jacques/A-9241-2010 OI Meis, Jacques/0000-0003-3253-6080 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUN PY 2009 VL 77 IS 3 BP 292 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.03.004 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 459EQ UT WOS:000267084000006 PM 19303036 ER PT J AU Kutateladze, T Zangaladze, E Beradze, N Tatishvili, N Deisadze, G Kobuladze, D Penaranda, S Nix, WA Imnadze, P Khetsuriani, N AF Kutateladze, T. Zangaladze, E. Beradze, N. Tatishvili, N. Deisadze, G. Kobuladze, D. Penaranda, S. Nix, W. A. Imnadze, P. Khetsuriani, N. TI Outbreak of enterovirus meningitis, Georgia, 2006 SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Meeting of the European-Neurological-Society CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL Milan, ITALY SP European Neurol Soc C1 Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Iashvili Childrens Hosp, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Ctr Infect Dis, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Imereti Reg Publ Hlth Ctr, Kutaisi, Rep of Georgia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, 69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0340-5354 J9 J NEUROL JI J. Neurol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 256 BP S151 EP S151 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 473YO UT WOS:000268248700423 ER PT J AU Joseph, PN Violanti, JM Donahue, R Andrew, ME Trevisan, M Burchfiel, CM Dorn, J AF Joseph, P. Nedra Violanti, John M. Donahue, Richard Andrew, Michael E. Trevisan, Maurizio Burchfiel, Cecil M. Dorn, Joan TI Police Work and Subclinical Atherosclerosis SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; CAROTID-ARTERY INTIMA; B-MODE ULTRASOUND; RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; STRESS; COMMUNITIES; OFFICERS; HEART; PROGRESSION AB Objective: Employment as an urban police officer was hypothesized to be associated with increased structural subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), measured by carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). Methods: The sample of men and women consisted of police officers (n = 312) and the general population (n = 318), free of clinical CVD. Results: Officers had elevated levels of age-adjusted CVD risk factors (blood pressure, total cholesterol, smoking prevalence) compared with the population sample. In age-, gender-, and traditional risk factor-adjusted models, police officers exhibited increased mean common carotid IMT (police = 0.67 mm, population = 0.64 mm; P 0.03) and mean maximum carotid IMT (police = 0.99 mm, population = 0.95 mm; P = 0.13). Conclusions: Police officers have increased levels of atherosclerosis compared with a general population sample, which was not fully explained by elevated CVD risk factors; thereby potentially implicating other mechanisms whereby law enforcement work may increase CVD risk. (J Occup Environ Med. 2009;51:700-707) C1 [Joseph, P. Nedra; Andrew, Michael E.; Burchfiel, Cecil M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. [Joseph, P. Nedra; Violanti, John M.; Donahue, Richard; Trevisan, Maurizio; Dorn, Joan] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Trevisan, Maurizio] Univ Nevada Hlth Sci Syst, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Joseph, PN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd M-S 4050, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM PNJoseph@cdc.gov FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). FX The Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Study was funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Funding for the reexamination of the general population sample was received from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 51 IS 6 BP 700 EP 707 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181a02252 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456YO UT WOS:000266890800009 PM 19530342 ER PT J AU Breiding, MJ Ziembroski, JS Black, MC AF Breiding, Matthew J. Ziembroski, Jessica S. Black, Michele C. TI Prevalence of Rural Intimate Partner Violence in 16 US States, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE; WOMEN; MEN; COMMUNITY; SERVICES; POVERTY; ACCESS; ABUSE AB Context: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem that affects people across the entire social spectrum. However, no previous population-based public health studies have examined the prevalence of IPV in rural areas of the United States. Research on IPV in rural areas is especially important given that there are relatively fewer resources available in rural areas for the prevention of IPV. Methods: In 2005, over 25,000 rural residents in 16 states completed the first-ever IPV module within the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The BRFSS is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-sponsored annual random-digit-dialed telephone survey. The BRFSS provides surveillance of health behaviors and health risks among the non-institutionalized adult population of the United States and several US territories. Findings: Overall, 26.7% of rural women and 15.5% of rural men reported some form of lifetime IPV victimization, similar to the prevalence found among men and women in non-rural areas. Within several states, those living in rural areas evidenced significantly higher lifetime IPV prevalence than those in non-rural areas. Conclusion: IPV is a significant public health problem in rural areas, affecting a similar portion of the population as in non-rural areas. More research is needed to examine how the experience of IPV is different for rural and non-rural residents. C1 [Breiding, Matthew J.; Black, Michele C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ziembroski, Jessica S.] Augusta State Univ, Dept Sociol Social Work & Criminal Justice, Augusta, GA USA. RP Breiding, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mbreiding@cdc.gov FU IPV FX The results presented here indicate that IPV is a significant public health problem in rural areas, affecting a similar portion of the population as in non-rural areas. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD SUM PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 240 EP 246 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461QN UT WOS:000267283700004 PM 19566608 ER PT J AU Rim, SH Zittleman, L Westfall, JM Overholser, L Froshaug, D Coughlin, SS AF Rim, Sun Hee Zittleman, Linda Westfall, John M. Overholser, Linda Froshaug, Desiree Coughlin, Steven S. TI Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Personal Practices Regarding Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Health Care Professionals in Rural Colorado: A Pilot Survey SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; UNITED-STATES; CLINICAL GUIDELINES; MORTALITY; PHYSICIANS; RATIONALE; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; SURVEILLANCE; PREDICTORS; SOCIETY AB Purpose: This study reports the baseline knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and personal practices of health care professionals regarding colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in the High Plains Research Network (HPRN) of rural Colorado prior to a community-based educational intervention. It also examines the association between health care staff members' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and personal practices for CRC screening and patient screening levels by practice. Methods: Surveys were mailed to health care professionals in the HPRN. Participating clinics (n = 21) distributed patient surveys on CRC screening to persons aged >= 50 for a 2-week period in 2006. Results: The survey response rate was 81% for providers (n = 46) and 90% for nursing staff (n = 63). Only 54% of health care professionals knew CRC is a leading cause of cancer deaths. When surveyed on their attitudes toward colon cancer, 92% "strongly agreed" or "agreed" that colon cancer is preventable. About 99% (n = 107) of providers and nurses "strongly agreed" or "agreed" that testing could identify problems before colon cancer starts. Most health care professionals (61%) aged >= 50 years had previously been tested and were up-to-date (52%) with screening. Provider knowledge was significantly associated with higher patient screening (P = .02), but provider attitudes and beliefs were not. Moreover, personal screening practices of health care professionals did not correlate with more patients screened. Conclusion: Background knowledge of CRC among HPRN health care professionals could be improved. The results of this pilot study may help focus effective approaches such as increasing provider knowledge to enhance CRC screening in the relevant population. C1 [Rim, Sun Hee] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Zittleman, Linda; Westfall, John M.; Overholser, Linda; Froshaug, Desiree] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Family Internal Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Coughlin, Steven S.] Environm Epidemiol Serv, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. [Zittleman, Linda; Westfall, John M.; Overholser, Linda; Froshaug, Desiree] Hlth Sci Ctr, Aurora, CO USA. RP Rim, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SRim@cdc.gov FU The High Plains Research Network [U48-DP-000054-02] FX We acknowledge the help of and extend special thanks to Trevor Thompson (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Cancer Prevention and Control) for his statistical consultation and assistance in the analysis. We thank the High Plains Research Network Community Advisory Council and Joint Planning Committee for their leadership and assistance (Saeid Ahmadpour, MD, Shirley Cowart, Maret Felzien, Arlene Harms, Denise Hase, Connie Haynes, Garry Haynes, Mike Hernandez, James Miller, MD, Kindra Mulch, RN, Ned Norman, Mary Rodriquez, Kathy Winkelman, and Steve Winkelman). The High Plains Research Network is a recipient of CDC's Special Interest Project funding (cooperative agreement # U48-DP-000054-02). NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD SUM PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461QN UT WOS:000267283700013 PM 19566617 ER PT J AU Palmer, CV Solodar, HS Hurley, WR Byrne, DC Williams, KO AF Palmer, Catherine V. Solodar, Helena S. Hurley, Whitney R. Byrne, David C. Williams, Kadyn O. TI Self-Perception of Hearing Ability as a Strong Predictor of Hearing Aid Purchase SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF AUDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hearing aids; hearing aid purchase; self-perception ID PERFORMANCE INVENTORY; HANDICAP INVENTORY; PAIN INTENSITY; TINNITUS; CANCER AB Background: Hearing threshold data are not particularly predictive of self-perceived hearing handicap or readiness to pursue amplification. Poor correlations between these measures have been reported repeatedly. When a patient is evaluated for hearing loss, it is common to collect both threshold data and the individual's self-perception of hearing ability. This is done to help the patient make an appropriate choice related to the pursuit of amplification or other communication strategies. It would be valuable, though, for the audiologist to be able to predict which patients are ready for amplification, which patients require more extensive counseling before pursuing amplification, and which patients simply are not ready for amplification regardless of the audiometric data. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the following question for its potential usefulness as a determinant of patient readiness for amplification: "On a scale from 1 to 10, 1 being the worst and 10 being the best, how would you rate your overall hearing ability?" Research Design: The test-retest reliability and the predictive value of the question, based on final hearing aid purchase, were evaluated in a private practice setting. Study Sample: Eight hundred forty hearing-impaired adults in the age range from 18 to 95 years. Collection and Analysis: Data were collected retrospectively from patient files. Results and Conclusion: Results were repeatable and supported the use of this question in similar clinical settings. C1 [Palmer, Catherine V.; Hurley, Whitney R.; Byrne, David C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Solodar, Helena S.; Williams, Kadyn O.] Audiol Consultants Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. [Byrne, David C.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Palmer, CV (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, 4033 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM palmercv@upmc.edu NR 20 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD AUDIOLOGY PI RESTON PA 11730 PLAZA DR, STE 300, RESTON, VA 20190 USA SN 1050-0545 J9 J AM ACAD AUDIOL JI J. Am. Acad. Audiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.3766/jaaa.20.6.2 PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 462ES UT WOS:000267331000002 PM 19594082 ER PT J AU Sokolovskiy, E Frigo, N Rotanov, S Savicheva, A Dolia, O Kitajeva, N Hallen, A Unemo, M Domeika, M Ballard, R AF Sokolovskiy, E. Frigo, N. Rotanov, S. Savicheva, A. Dolia, O. Kitajeva, N. Hallen, A. Unemo, M. Domeika, M. Ballard, R. CA Network, E TI Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis in East European countries SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eastern Europe; guidelines; laboratory diagnosis; syphilis ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AB The present guidelines aim to provide comprehensive and precise information regarding the laboratory diagnosis of the sexually transmitted infection (STI) syphilis in East European countries. These recommendations contain important information for laboratory staff working with STIs and/or STI-related issues. Individual East European countries may be required to make minor national adjustments to these guidelines as a result of lack of accessibility to some reagents or equipment, or laws in a specific country. None declared. C1 [Domeika, M.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Sokolovskiy, E.] Pavlov State Med Univ, Dept Dermatol & Venerol, St Petersburg, Russia. [Frigo, N.; Rotanov, S.; Dolia, O.; Kitajeva, N.] Cent Inst Skin & Venereal Dis, Microbiol Lab, Moscow, Russia. [Savicheva, A.] DO Ott Inst Obstet & Gynecol RAMS, Microbiol Lab, St Petersburg, Russia. [Hallen, A.] Univ Uppsala Hosp, Dept Dermatol & Venerol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Unemo, M.] Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, Orebro, Sweden. [Ballard, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Domeika, M (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. EM marius.domeika@medsci.uu.ee OI Rotanov, Sergey/0000-0002-3222-1401 FU East Europe Committee of the Swedish Health Care Community; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) FX The present guidelines were written on behalf of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) Network, STI Diagnostic Group, which is supported by grants from the East Europe Committee of the Swedish Health Care Community, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). Project coordinator Marius Domeika. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0926-9959 J9 J EUR ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 23 IS 6 BP 623 EP 632 DI 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.03021.x PG 10 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 451IS UT WOS:000266464500001 PM 19522898 ER PT J AU Aminu, M Ameh, EA Geyer, A Esona, MD Taylor, MB Steele, AD AF Aminu, M. Ameh, E. A. Geyer, A. Esona, M. D. Taylor, M. B. Steele, A. D. TI Role of Astrovirus in Intussusception in Nigerian infants SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE intussusception; infants; astroviruses AB Intussusception (IS) is a form of intestinal obstruction in which a segment of the bowel prolapses into a more distal segment. Viral infections, mostly adenovirus, enteroviruses, human herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus are reported in 20-50% of childhood cases of IS. Between January and July 2004, six stool specimens collected from infants 0- to 8-months old diagnosed and admitted for IS were investigated for the presence of rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus antigens. Astrovirus antigen was detected in three of the six stool specimens by enzyme immune assay (EIA) and confirmed in two specimens by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rotavirus, non-enteric adenovirus and astrovirus were detected by EIA, as mixed infections in a single specimen. The rotavirus strain revealed a SGI+II, mixed G1G2G8P[6] genotype and had no visible electrophoretic profile. A larger study is needed to determine the extent of involvement of astroviruses in IS in infants and the virus should be included in studies investigating the aetiology of IS. C1 [Aminu, M.] Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Microbiol, Fac Sci, Zaria, Nigeria. [Ameh, E. A.] Ahmadu Bello Univ, Div Pediat Surg, Zaria, Nigeria. [Geyer, A.] Univ Limpopo, MRC MEDUNSA Diarrhoeal Pathogens Res Unit, Pretoria, South Africa. [Esona, M. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Taylor, M. B.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Med Virol, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Steele, A. D.] PATH, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. RP Aminu, M (reprint author), Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Microbiol, Fac Sci, Zaria, Nigeria. EM maryamaminu@yahoo.com RI Taylor, Maureen/D-2171-2017; OI Taylor, Maureen/0000-0002-2780-5795; Ameh, Emmanuel/0000-0003-2386-3039 FU UNESCO-L'OREAL Fellowship for Women in Life Sciences FX This study is part of a larger study sponsored by UNESCO-L'OREAL Fellowship for Women in Life Sciences for one of the authors, Aminu Maryam. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-6338 J9 J TROP PEDIATRICS JI J. Trop. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 55 IS 3 BP 192 EP 194 DI 10.1093/tropej/fmn101 PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine SC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine GA 454QC UT WOS:000266696400010 PM 19052076 ER PT J AU Reisen, WK Gage, KL AF Reisen, William K. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Cluff E. Hopla 1917-2008 IN MEMORIAM SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Reisen, William K.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Reisen, WK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00001.x PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 531FY UT WOS:000272650400001 ER PT J AU Lowell, JL Eisen, RJ Schotthoefer, AM Liang, XC Montenieri, JA Tanda, D Pape, J Schriefer, ME Antolin, MF Gage, KL AF Lowell, Jennifer L. Eisen, Rebecca J. Schotthoefer, Anna M. Liang Xiaocheng Montenieri, John A. Tanda, Dale Pape, John Schriefer, Martin E. Antolin, Michael F. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Colorado animal-based plague surveillance systems: relationships between targeted animal species and prediction efficacy of areas at risk for humans SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plague surveillance; Yersinia pestis; chipmunks ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; YERSINIA-PESTIS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; TRANSMISSION AB Human plague risks (Yersinia pestis infection) are greatest when epizootics cause high mortality among this bacterium's natural rodent hosts. Therefore, health departments in plague-endemic areas commonly establish animal-based surveillance programs to monitor Y. pestis infection among plague hosts and vectors. The primary objectives of our study were to determine whether passive animal-based plague surveillance samples collected in Colorado from 1991 to 2005 were sampled from high human plague risk areas and whether these samples provided information useful for predicting human plague case locations. By comparing locations of plague-positive animal samples with a previously constructed GIS-based plague risk model, we determined that the majority of plague-positive Gunnison's prairie dogs (100%) and non-prairie dog sciurids (85.82%), and moderately high percentages of sigmodontine rodents (71.4%), domestic cats (69.3%), coyotes (62.9%), and domestic dogs (62.5%) were recovered within 1 km of the nearest area posing high peridomestic risk to humans. In contrast, the majority of white-tailed prairie dog (66.7%), leporid (cottontailed and jack rabbits) (71.4%), and black-tailed prairie dog (93.0%) samples originated more than 1 km from the nearest human risk habitat. Plague-positive animals or their fleas were rarely (one of 19 cases) collected within 2 km of a case exposure site during the 24 months preceding the dates of illness onset for these cases. Low spatial accuracy for identifying epizootic activity prior to human plague cases suggested that other mammalian species or their fleas are likely more important sources of human infection in high plague risk areas. To address this issue, epidemiological observations and multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analyses (MLVA) were used to preliminarily identify chipmunks as an under-sampled, but potentially important, species for human plague risk in Colorado. Journal of Vector Ecology 34 (1): 22-31. 2009. C1 [Lowell, Jennifer L.; Eisen, Rebecca J.; Schotthoefer, Anna M.; Liang Xiaocheng; Montenieri, John A.; Schriefer, Martin E.; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Lowell, Jennifer L.; Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Tanda, Dale; Pape, John] Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. RP Lowell, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 EI 1948-7134 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00004.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 531FY UT WOS:000272650400004 PM 20836802 ER PT J AU Eisen, L Eisen, RJ Mun, J Salkeld, DJ Lane, RS AF Eisen, Lars Eisen, Rebecca J. Mun, Jeomhee Salkeld, Daniel J. Lane, Robert S. TI Transmission cycles of Borrelia burgdorferi and B. bissettii in relation to habitat type in northwestern California SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borrelia burgdorferi; Borrelia bissettii; Ixodes pacificus; California; Lyme disease; rodent reservoirs ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; IXODES-PACIFICUS ACARI; I-SPINIPALPIS ACARI; BLACK-LEGGED TICK; SENSU-LATO; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; VECTOR COMPETENCE; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; RESERVOIR COMPETENCE; NEOTOMA-FUSCIPES AB This study was undertaken to determine which rodent species serve as primary reservoirs for the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi in commonly occurring woodland types in inland areas of northwestern California, and to examine whether chaparral or grassland serve as source habitats for dispersal of B. burgdorferi- or B. bissettii-infected rodents into adjacent woodlands. The western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) was commonly infected with B. burgdorferi in oak woodlands, whereas examination of 30 dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) and 280 Peromyscus spp. mice from 13 widely-spaced Mendocino County woodlands during 2002 and 2003 yielded only one infected woodrat and one infected deer mouse (P. maniculatus). These data suggest that western gray squirrels account for the majority of production by rodents of fed Ixodes pacificus larvae infected with B. burgdorferi in the woodlands sampled. Infections with B. burgdorferi also were rare in woodrats (0/47, 0/3) and mice (3/66, 1/6) captured in chaparral and grassland, respectively, and therefore these habitats are unlikely sources for dispersal of this spirochete into adjacent woodlands. On the other hand, B. bissettii was commonly detected in both woodrats (22/47) and mice (15/66) in chaparral. We conclude that the data from this and previous studies in northwestern California are suggestive of a pattern where inland oak-woodland habitats harbor a B. burgdorferi transmission cycle driven primarily by I. pacificus and western gray squirrels, whereas chaparral habitats contain a B. bissettii transmission cycle perpetuated largely by I. spinipalpis, woodrats, and Peromyscus mice. The dominant role of western gray squirrels as reservoirs of B. burgdorferi in certain woodlands offers intriguing opportunities for preventing Lyme disease by targeting these animals by means of either host-targeted acaricides or oral vaccination against B. burgdorferi. Journal of Vector Ecology 34 (1): 81-91. 2009. C1 [Eisen, Lars] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Eisen, Rebecca J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Mun, Jeomhee] Vector Control Branch, Dept Hlth, Lihue, HI 96766 USA. [Salkeld, Daniel J.; Lane, Robert S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eisen, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [RO1AI022501] FX We thank the involved private landowners, the California Department of Parks and Recreation, and the University of California Angelo Coast Range Reserve for allowing us to collect rodents and ticks. The University of California Hopland Research and Extension Center granted us permission to collect rodents and ticks and kindly provided logistical support. Field or laboratory assistance was provided by D. Bonilla, I. Jones, J.E. Kleinjan, and E. Omi-Olsen. The research project was supported by Grant Number RO1AI022501 from the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases or the National Institutes of Health. NR 50 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00010.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 531FY UT WOS:000272650400010 PM 20514140 ER PT J AU Borchert, JN Davis, RM Poche, RM AF Borchert, Jeff N. Davis, Richard M. Poche, Richard M. TI Field efficacy of rodent bait containing the systemic insecticide imidacloprid against the fleas of California ground squirrels SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plague ecology; squirrels; fleas; imidacloprid ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLAGUE; CERATOPHYLLIDAE; DELTAMETHRIN; SIPHONAPTERA; LUFENURON; FIPRONIL; IXODIDAE; COUNTY AB The efficacy of rodent bait containing the insecticide imidacloprid was evaluated for controlling fleas on the California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi. The bait was designed to deliver an oral dose of insecticide resulting in flea mortality when obtaining a blood meal. During the five-week trial, performed at Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, CA, a spot-baiting technique was used to apply bait to ground squirrel burrows. Bait was applied six times throughout the trial. Results indicated that the use of a host-targeted bait was effective in significantly reducing the flea burden on S. beecheyi. Efficacy at reducing flea abundance was near 100% at both day 15 and day 29 of the trial. Use of the bait also reduced the prevalence of flea-infested S. beecheyi. Our results indicate that the use of rodent bait containing insecticide could provide an effective, economical method of controlling the fleas of S. beecheyi, the primary vectors of human plague in California. Journal of Vector Ecology 34 (1): 92-98. 2009. C1 [Borchert, Jeff N.; Poche, Richard M.] Genesis Labs Inc, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. [Davis, Richard M.] Ctr Infect Dis, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Nipomo, CA 93444 USA. RP Borchert, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Small Business Innovative Research [200-2004-07250] FX Jeff N. Borchert and Richard M. Poche are authors on United States Patent Application #20060057178 "Novel Pest Control Methods" related to this work. This study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Small Business Innovative Research contract #200-2004-07250. We thank Kenneth L. Gage, Russell E. Enscore, and John Montenieri at the CDC Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Disease for assistance with this project as well as the kind staff at Vandenberg Air Force Base and Scimetrics, LTD Corp. (Wellington, CO) for their cooperation. Additionally, we express our gratitude to Timothy J. Linder, J. Joshua Bruening, Larisa Polykova, Jeff J. Mach, John A. Baroch, and Mark Zelezak for assistance in the field, bait analysis, flea identification, and helpful discussion. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00011.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 531FY UT WOS:000272650400011 PM 20836808 ER PT J AU Cannon, JL Lindesmith, LC Donaldson, EF Saxe, L Baric, RS Vinje, J AF Cannon, Jennifer L. Lindesmith, Lisa C. Donaldson, Eric F. Saxe, Lauryn Baric, Ralph S. Vinje, Jan TI Herd Immunity to GII.4 Noroviruses Is Supported by Outbreak Patient Sera SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; HUMAN-POPULATIONS; SECRETOR FUT2; INFECTION; RESPONSES; STRAIN AB Noroviruses (NoVs) of genogroup II, cluster 4 (GII.4), are the most common cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. During the past 13 years, GII.4 NoVs caused four seasons of widespread activity globally, each associated with the emergence of a new strain. In this report, we characterized the most recent epidemic strain, GII.4-2006 Minerva, by comparing virus-like particle (VLP) antigenic relationships and histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) binding profiles with strains isolated earlier. We also investigated the seroprevalence and specificity of GII.4 antibody in the years prior to, during, and following the GII.4 pandemic of 1995 and 1996 using a large collection of acute-and convalescent-phase serum pairs (n = 298) collected from 34 outbreaks. In a surrogate neutralization assay, we measured the blockade of HBGA binding using a panel of GII.4 VLPs representing strains isolated in 1987, 1997, 2002, and 2006 and a GII.3 VLP representing a strain isolated in the mid-1990s. Serum titers required for 50% HBGA blockade were compared between populations. In general, blockade of GII.4 VLP-HBGA binding was greater with convalescent-phase outbreak sera collected near the time of origin of the VLP strain. Heterotypic genotypes did not contribute to herd immunity against GII.4 NoVs based on their inability to block GII.4 VLP binding to HBGA. However, previous exposure to GII.4 NoV followed by infection by GII.3 NoV appeared to evoke an immune response to GII.4 NoV. These results support the hypothesis that herd immunity is a driving force for GII.4 evolution in the U. S. population. The data also suggest that complex patterns of cross-protection may exist across NoV genotypes in humans. C1 [Cannon, Jennifer L.; Saxe, Lauryn; Vinje, Jan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cannon, Jennifer L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Cannon, Jennifer L.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. [Lindesmith, Lisa C.; Donaldson, Eric F.; Baric, Ralph S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Cannon, JL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM jcannon@uga.edu OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health [AI056351] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health ( grant AI056351). The agency that funded this study did not have any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 11 BP 5363 EP 5374 DI 10.1128/JVI.02518-08 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 445EZ UT WOS:000266034100007 PM 19297483 ER PT J AU Albarino, CG Bergeron, E Erickson, BR Khristova, ML Rollin, PE Nichol, ST AF Albarino, Cesar G. Bergeron, Eric Erickson, Bobbie Rae Khristova, Marina L. Rollin, Pierre E. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Efficient Reverse Genetics Generation of Infectious Junin Viruses Differing in Glycoprotein Processing SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARGENTINE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; LASSA-VIRUS; SUBTILASE SKI-1/S1P; VACCINE; TRANSCRIPTION; ARENAVIRUSES; REPLICATION; DISEASE; GENOME AB The New World arenaviruses, Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, Sabia, and Chapare, are associated with rapidly progressing severe hemorrhagic fever with a high rate of case fatality in various regions of South America. The threat of natural or deliberate outbreaks associated with these viruses makes the development of preventive or therapeutic measures important. Here we describe a Junin virus functional minigenome system and a reverse genetics system for production of infectious Junin virus. This robust, highly efficient system involves transfection of cells with only two plasmids which transcribe the virus S and L antigenomic RNAs. The utility of the system is demonstrated by generating Junin viruses which encode a glycoprotein precursor (GPC) containing the following: (i) the wild-type (SKI-1/S1P peptidase) cleavage site, (ii) no cleavage site, or (iii) a cleavage site where the SKI-1/S1P motif (RSLK) is replaced by a furin cleavage site (RRKR). In contrast to the wild-type virus, Junin virus lacking a GPC cleavage site replicated within successfully transfected cells but failed to yield infectious virus particles. This confirms observations with other arenaviruses suggesting that GPC cleavage is essential for arenavirus infectivity. In contrast, infectious Junin virus which encoded GPC cleaved by furin-like proteases was easily generated. The two-plasmid, high efficiency aspects of this Junin virus reverse genetics system show great promise for addressing important questions regarding arenavirus hemorrhagic fever disease and for development of precisely attenuated live arenavirus vaccines. C1 [Albarino, Cesar G.; Bergeron, Eric; Erickson, Bobbie Rae; Rollin, Pierre E.; Nichol, Stuart T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Khristova, Marina L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM stn1@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 11 BP 5606 EP 5614 DI 10.1128/JVI.00276-09 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 445EZ UT WOS:000266034100030 PM 19321606 ER PT J AU Perrone, LA Ahmad, A Veguilla, V Lu, XH Smith, G Katz, JM Pushko, P Tumpey, TM AF Perrone, Lucy A. Ahmad, Attiya Veguilla, Vic Lu, Xiuhua Smith, Gale Katz, Jacqueline M. Pushko, Peter Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Intranasal Vaccination with 1918 Influenza Virus-Like Particles Protects Mice and Ferrets from Lethal 1918 and H5N1 Influenza Virus Challenge SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; CROSS-REACTIVE IMMUNITY; AVIAN INFLUENZA; A VIRUS; HETEROSUBTYPIC IMMUNITY; INTRACELLULAR NEUTRALIZATION; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; VIRAL-INFECTION; DENDRITIC CELLS; HEALTHY-ADULTS AB Influenza vaccines capable of inducing cross-reactive or heterotypic immunity could be an important first line of prevention against a novel subtype virus. Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying functional viral proteins are effective vaccines against replication-competent homologous virus, but their ability to induce heterotypic immunity has not been adequately tested. To measure VLP vaccine efficacy against a known influenza pandemic virus, recombinant VLPs were generated from structural proteins of the 1918 H1N1 virus. Mucosal and traditional parenteral administrations of H1N1 VLPs were compared for the ability to protect against the reconstructed 1918 virus and a highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus isolated from a fatal human case. Mice that received two intranasal immunizations of H1N1 VLPs were largely protected against a lethal challenge with both the 1918 virus and the H5N1 virus. In contrast, mice that received two intramuscular immunizations of 1918 VLPs were only protected against a homologous virus challenge. Mucosal vaccination of mice with 1918 VLPs induced higher levels of cross-reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies than did parenteral vaccination. Similarly, ferrets mucosally vaccinated with 1918 VLPs completely survived a lethal challenge with the H5N1 virus, while only a 50% survival rate was observed in parenterally vaccinated animals. These results suggest a strategy of VLP vaccination against a pandemic virus and one that stimulates heterotypic immunity against an influenza virus strain with threatening pandemic potential. C1 [Perrone, Lucy A.; Veguilla, Vic; Lu, Xiuhua; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis,Collaborating Ctr I, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ahmad, Attiya; Smith, Gale; Pushko, Peter] Novavax Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MSG-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov FU American Society for Microbiology; CDC Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases; Vietnamese Ministry of Health FX We have no competing interests to report. NR 82 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 11 BP 5726 EP 5734 DI 10.1128/JVI.00207-09 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 445EZ UT WOS:000266034100041 PM 19321609 ER PT J AU Szretter, KJ Gangappa, S Belser, JA Zeng, H Chen, HL Matsuoka, Y Sambhara, S Swayne, DE Tumpey, TM Katz, JM AF Szretter, Kristy J. Gangappa, Shivaprakash Belser, Jessica A. Zeng, Hui Chen, Hualan Matsuoka, Yumiko Sambhara, Suryaprakash Swayne, David E. Tumpey, Terrence M. Katz, Jacqueline M. TI Early Control of H5N1 Influenza Virus Replication by the Type I Interferon Response in Mice SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIVIRAL CYTOKINE RESPONSES; CHEMOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; SINGLE-AMINO-ACID; A-VIRUS; NS1 PROTEIN; HONG-KONG; MOUSE MODEL; ALPHA-INTERFERON; HUMAN MACROPHAGES; MOLECULAR-BASIS AB Widespread distribution of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses in domesticated and wild birds continues to pose a threat to public health, as interspecies transmission of virus has resulted in increasing numbers of human disease cases. Although the pathogenic mechanism(s) of H5N1 influenza viruses has not been fully elucidated, it has been suggested that the ability to evade host innate responses, such as the type I interferon response, may contribute to the virulence of these viruses in mammals. We investigated the role that type I interferons (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-alpha/beta]) might play in H5N1 pathogenicity in vivo, by comparing the kinetics and outcomes of H5N1 virus infection in IFN-alpha/beta receptor (IFN-alpha/beta R)-deficient and SvEv129 wild-type mice using two avian influenza A viruses isolated from humans, A/Hong Kong/483/97 (HK/483) and A/Hong Kong/486/97 (HK/486), which exhibit high and low lethality in mice, respectively. IFN-alpha/beta R-deficient mice experienced significantly more weight loss and more rapid time to death than did wild-type mice. HK/486 virus caused a systemic infection similar to that with HK/483 virus in IFN-alpha/beta R-deficient mice, suggesting a role for IFN-alpha/beta in controlling the systemic spread of this H5N1 virus. HK/483 virus replicated more efficiently than HK/486 virus both in vivo and in vitro. However, replication of both viruses was significantly reduced following pretreatment with IFN-alpha/beta. These results suggest a role for the IFN-alpha/beta response in the control of H5N1 virus replication both in vivo and in vitro, and as such it may provide some degree of protection to the host in the early stages of infection. C1 [Szretter, Kristy J.; Gangappa, Shivaprakash; Belser, Jessica A.; Zeng, Hui; Chen, Hualan; Matsuoka, Yumiko; Sambhara, Suryaprakash; Tumpey, Terrence M.; Katz, Jacqueline M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Szretter, Kristy J.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Swayne, David E.] USDA ARS, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30606 USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MS G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JKatz@cdc.gov OI Szretter, Kristy/0000-0003-0391-2307 FU Oak Ridge Institutes of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN; American Society for Microbiology FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 72 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 11 BP 5825 EP 5834 DI 10.1128/JVI.02144-08 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 445EZ UT WOS:000266034100051 PM 19297490 ER PT J AU Niolon, PH Rollins, CM Glass, N Billhardt, K Connor-Smith, J Baker, C AF Niolon, Phyllis Holditch Rollins, Chiquita M. Glass, Nancy Billhardt, Kris Connor-Smith, Jennifer Baker, Charlene TI An Innovative Approach to Serving the Needs of IPV Survivors: Description of a CDC-Funded Study Examining the Volunteers of America Home Free Rent Assistance Program SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; FAMILIES AB The purpose of this paper is to describe a CDC-funded study examining the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Volunteers of America Home Free program, an innovative program that offers survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) permanent housing rent assistance coupled with client-centered advocacy. We briefly discuss the challenges and barriers faced by women who try to separate from abusive partners and who have an immediate need for housing, describe the innovative approach to service provision adopted by the Volunteers of America Home Free program in Portland, Oregon, and describe the CDC-funded cooperative agreement to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this approach with the usual housing services available to women fleeing abusive relationships. C1 [Niolon, Phyllis Holditch] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Rollins, Chiquita M.; Connor-Smith, Jennifer] Multnomah Cty Domest Violence Coordinators Off, Portland, OR USA. [Glass, Nancy] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Billhardt, Kris] Volunteers Amer Home Free Program, Portland, OR USA. [Baker, Charlene] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Niolon, PH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pniolon@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 775 EP 778 DI 10.1089/jwh.2009.1461 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 457BW UT WOS:000266901200001 PM 19445641 ER PT J AU Ketz-Riley, CJ Kennedy, GA Carpenter, JW Zeidner, NS Petersen, JM AF Ketz-Riley, Cornelia J. Kennedy, George A. Carpenter, James W. Zeidner, Nordin S. Petersen, Jeannine M. TI TULAREMIA TYPE A IN CAPTIVE BORNEAN ORANGUTANS (PONGO PYGMAEUS PYGMAEUS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Tularemia; Francisella tularensis; orangutan; Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus; outbreak ID FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; DIAGNOSIS; TEXAS; DOG AB In 2003, tularemia was suspected to be the cause of Severe illness in two orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) and the cause of death in a third orangutan at all urban zoo. The two sick orangutans were treated two times under chemical immobilization with i.v. doxycycline, fluids, and antipyretic drugs, followed by it sustained Course of oral doxycycline. The rest of the orangutan group was treated prophylactically with oral doxycycline. Postmortem diagnosis was obtained via immunohistochemistry and bacterial culture that revealed Francisella tularensis type A. Tularemia was also confirmed ill the two Surviving orangutans via paired serology testing. In addition, F tularensis was identified in two wild rabbit carcasses submitted during a die-off, several weeks prior to the tularemia Outbreak in the apes, indicating that rabbits were possibly a reservoir for tularemia within the zoo premises. C1 [Ketz-Riley, Cornelia J.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Med Teaching Hosp, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Kennedy, George A.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Carpenter, James W.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zeidner, Nordin S.; Petersen, Jeannine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Ketz-Riley, CJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM ketz-riley@okstate.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 EI 1937-2825 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 2 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1638/2007-0170.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 456YB UT WOS:000266889300002 PM 19569471 ER PT J AU Petersen, JM Carlson, J Yockey, B Pillai, S Kuske, C Garbalena, G Pottumarthy, S Chalcraft, L AF Petersen, J. M. Carlson, J. Yockey, B. Pillai, S. Kuske, C. Garbalena, G. Pottumarthy, S. Chalcraft, L. TI Direct isolation of Francisella spp. from environmental samples SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental; Francisella; isolation; media; selective ID FORMERLY YERSINIA-PHILOMIRAGIA; TULARENSIS; TULAREMIA; BACTERIA; STRAINS; DIVERSE; DISEASE; GENUS AB To develop a selective medium for isolation of F. tularensis, F. novicida and F. philomiragia from environmental samples. A selective media, cysteine heart agar with 9% chocolatized sheep blood, containing polymyxin B, amphotericin B, cyclohexamide, cefepime and vancomycin (CHAB-PACCV) was developed and evaluated for growth of Francisella spp. No differences were observed in recovered colony forming units (CFUs) for F. tularensis, F. novicida and F. philomiragia on CHAB-PACCV vs nonselective CHAB. Growth of non-Francisella species was inhibited on CHAB-PACCV. When environmental samples were cultured on CHAB and CHAB-PACCV, only CHAB-PACCV allowed isolation of Francisella spp. Three new Francisella strains were isolated directly from seawater and seaweed samples by culture on CHAB-PACCV. CHAB-PACCV can be used for direct isolation of Francisella spp from environmental samples. Francisella spp. show a close association with environmental sources. Future utilization of CHAB-PACCV for isolation of Francisella spp. directly from environmental samples should prove valuable for investigating outbreaks and human infections attributed to environmental exposure. C1 [Petersen, J. M.; Carlson, J.; Yockey, B.; Chalcraft, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Pillai, S.] US Dept Homeland Secur, Sci & Technol Directorate, Biosci Div, Chem & Biol Div, Washington, DC USA. [Kuske, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Garbalena, G.] Publ Hlth Fdn Enterprise, Houston, TX USA. [Pottumarthy, S.] Bur Lab Serv, Houston Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Houston, TX USA. RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM nzp0@cdc.gov FU Department of Homeland Security; Science and Technology Directorate; Chemical and Biological Division; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The authors would like to thank Ms Diana Stevens, Assistant Program Manager, Galveston County Health District and her team for their invaluable assistance in the collection of the sea water samples from Galveston Bay. This study was funded by the Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Chemical and Biological Division and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 48 IS 6 BP 663 EP 667 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02589.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 445DN UT WOS:000266030000003 PM 19413814 ER PT J AU Lobo, ML Xiao, L Antunes, F Matos, O AF Lobo, M. L. Xiao, L. Antunes, F. Matos, O. TI Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia genotypes and subtypes in raw and treated water in Portugal SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; epidemiology; Giardia; molecular typing; waterborne protozoa ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; SURFACE-WATER; WASTE-WATER; PCR-RFLP; OOCYSTS; SAMPLES; CYSTS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION AB Waterborne outbreaks of diarrhoeal illness reported worldwide are mostly associated with Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. Their presence in aquatic systems makes it essential to develop preventive strategies for water and food safety. This study was undertaken to monitor the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in a total of 175 water samples, including raw and treated water from both surface and ground sources in Portugal. The samples were processed according to USEPA Method 1623 for immunomagnetic separation (IMS) of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts, followed by detection of oocysts/cysts by immunofluorecence (IFA) microscopy, PCR-based techniques were done on all water samples collected. Out of 175 samples, 81 (46.3%) were positive for Cryptosporidium and 67 (38.3%) for Giardia by IFA. Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis genotypes were identified by PCR in 37 (21.7%) and 9 (5.1%) water samples, respectively. C. parvum was the most common species (78.9%), followed by C. hominis (13.2%), C. andersoni (5.3%), and C. muris (2.6%). Subtype IdA15 was identified in all C. hominis-positive water samples. Subtyping revealed the presence of C. parvum subtypes IIaA15G2R1, IIaA16G2R1 and IIdA17G1. Giardia duodenalis subtype A1 was identified. The results of the present study suggest that Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were widely distributed in source water and treated water in Portugal. Moreover, the results obtained indicate a high occurrence of human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes in raw and treated water samples. Thus, water can be a potential vehicle in the transmission of cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis of humans and animals in Portugal. C1 [Lobo, M. L.; Matos, O.] Inst Higiene & Med Trop, CMDT, Unidad Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pro, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. [Xiao, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Antunes, F.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Med, Clin Univ Doencas Infecciosas, HSM, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Matos, O (reprint author), Inst Higiene & Med Trop, CMDT, Unidad Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pro, Rua Junqueira 96, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. EM omatos@ihmt.unl.pt RI Lobo, Maria/I-3527-2012; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; MATOS, OLGA/J-8859-2012; santos, sofia/I-1637-2012; OI Lobo, Maria/0000-0001-5811-7568; Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; MATOS, OLGA/0000-0001-5793-7716; Antunes, Francisco/0000-0001-7932-1154 FU Associacao para a Investigacao e Desenvolvimento da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa; [SFRH /BD/34674/2007-FCT] FX Supported in part by 'Associacao para a Investigacao e Desenvolvimento da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa'. M.L. Lobo was further supported by a PhD grant (SFRH /BD/34674/2007-FCT). NR 29 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 48 IS 6 BP 732 EP 737 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02605.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 445DN UT WOS:000266030000014 PM 19413802 ER PT J AU Benitez, AJ Arrowood, MJ Mead, JR AF Benitez, Alvaro J. Arrowood, Michael J. Mead, Jan R. TI Functional characterization of the nucleotide binding domain of the Cryptosporidium parvum CpABC4 transporter: An iron-sulfur cluster transporter homolog SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; CpABC4; NBD; ABC transporter; Chemotherapy; Multidrug resistance ID MOUSE P-GLYCOPROTEIN; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE PROTEIN-1; CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS; CANCER-CELLS; LEISHMANIA; DRUG; ATP; FLAVONOIDS; OVEREXPRESSION; PURIFICATION AB In a previous study, we showed that the Cryptosporidium parvum ATP half-transporter CpABC4 (cgd1_1350) transcript was up-regulated in response to drug treatment with paromomycin and cyclosporine A in an in vitro infection model. CpABC4 may be directly or indirectly involved in the metabolic interactions between host and parasite in response to drug treatment and/or be involved in the intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy. In order to characterize the catalytic site of this transporter, an extended region of the nucleotide-binding domain of CpABC4 (H6-1350NBD) was expressed and purified as an N-terminal hexahistidine-tagged protein in E. coli. The presence of a single tryptophan residue enabled the intrinsic fluorescence to be monitored in response to binding of different compounds. Adose-dependent quenching of the domain's intrinsic fluorescence was observed with its natural substrate, ATP and the fluorescent analogue TNP-ATP. A similar effect was observed with progesterone as well as the flavonoids quercetin and silibinin, previously shown to inhibit parasite development in a cell-based assay. The purified domain also exhibited ATPase activity in the nanomolar range, which further confirmed correct folding and activity of the recombinant domain. The H6-1350NBD serves as a tool to test and design stereospecific inhibitors of the catalytic site, as well as other compounds that bind elsewhere in the domain that may indirectly interact with the catalytic site of the NBD of the CpABC4 transporter. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Benitez, Alvaro J.; Mead, Jan R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Mead, Jan R.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Arrowood, Michael J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mead, JR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jmead@emory.edu FU Department of Veterans Affairs FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Merit Program. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 165 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.01.010 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 435SY UT WOS:000265364800002 PM 19428657 ER PT J AU Meyer, EVS Semerya, AA Okenu, DMN Dluzewski, AR Bannister, LH Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR AF Meyer, Esmeralda V. S. Semerya, Amma A. Okenu, Daniel M. N. Dluzewski, Anton R. Bannister, Lawrence H. Barnwell, John W. Galinski, Mary R. TI The reticulocyte binding-like proteins of P. knowlesi locate to the micronemes of merozoites and define two new members of this invasion ligand family SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium knowlesi; Malaria; Merozoite invasion; Reticulocyte binding proteins; Erythrocytes; Apicomplexa ID HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM HOMOLOG; YOELII ADHESIVE PROTEINS; RHOPTRY PROTEIN; HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES; VARIANT ANTIGEN; VIVAX; EXPRESSION; GENES; IDENTIFICATION AB Members of the reticulocyte binding-like protein (RBL) family are merozoite-expressed proteins hypothesized to be essential for effective invasion of host erythrocytes. Proteins of the RBL family were first defined as merozoite invasion ligands in Plasmodium vivax, and subsequently in Plasmodium falciparum and other malaria parasite species. Comparative studies are providing insights regarding the complexity and evolution of this family and the existence of possible functionally alternative members. Here, we report the experimental and bioinformatic characterization of two new rbI genes in the simian malaria parasite species Plasmodium knowlesi. Experimental analyses confirm that a P. knowlesi gene fragment orthologous to P. vivax reticulocyte binding protein-1 (pvrbp1) represents a highly degenerated pseudogene in the H strain as well as two other P. knowlesi strains. our data also confirm that a gene orthologous to pvrbp2 is not present in the P. knowlesi genome. However, two very diverse but related functional rbI genes are present and are reported here as P. knowlesi normocyte binding protein Xa and Xb (pknbpxa and pknbpxb). Analysis of these two rbI genes in Southern hybridizations and BLAST searches established their relationship to newly identified members of the RBL family in P. vivax and other species of simian malaria. Rabbit antisera specific for recombinant PkNBPXa and PkNBPXb confirmed expression of the prospective high molecular weight proteins and localized these proteins to the apical end of merozoites. Their precise location, as determined by immuno-electron microscopy (IEM), was found to be within the microneme organelles. Importantly, PkNBPXa and PkNBPXb are shown here to bind to host erythrocytes, and discussion is centered on the importance of these proteins in host cell invasion. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Meyer, Esmeralda V. S.; Semerya, Amma A.; Okenu, Daniel M. N.; Galinski, Mary R.] Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Okenu, Daniel M. N.] Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [Dluzewski, Anton R.] Natl Inst Med Res, MRC, Div Parasitol, London NW7 1AA, England. [Bannister, Lawrence H.] Kings Hosp, Ctr Ultrastruct Imaging, Sch Biomed & Life Sci, London, England. [Bannister, Lawrence H.] St Thomas Hosp, Ctr Ultrastruct Imaging, Sch Biomed & Life Sci, London, England. [Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Res & Dev Unit, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Galinski, Mary R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Galinski, MR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mary.galinski@emory.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01A1247]; Yerkes National Primate Research Center [RR-00165] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant # R01A1247 and the Yerkes National Primate Research Center Base grant #RR-00165 awarded by the National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health. The authors thank Claudia Corredor-Medina for technical assistance and Vladimir Corredor for helpful discussions. The authors are also indebted to Graham Mitchell (Guy's, London) with respect to provision of laboratory facilities for ARD, and to John Hopkins and the Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging (King's College London) for electron microscopic assistance. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 165 IS 2 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.01.012 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 435SY UT WOS:000265364800003 PM 19428658 ER PT J AU Simeonova, PP AF Simeonova, Petia P. TI Update on carbon nanotube toxicity SO NANOMEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MICE; TOXICOLOGY; LUNG; INFLAMMATION; CIRCULATION C1 NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Simeonova, PP (reprint author), NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM phs9@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1743-5889 J9 NANOMEDICINE-UK JI Nanomedicine PD JUN PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 BP 373 EP 375 DI 10.2217/NNM.09.25 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 470UA UT WOS:000268005100002 PM 19505238 ER PT J AU Ong, KK Elks, CE Li, SX Zhao, JH Luan, J Andersen, LB Bingham, SA Brage, S Smith, GD Ekelund, U Gillson, CJ Glaser, B Golding, J Hardy, R Khaw, KT Kuh, D Luben, R Marcus, M McGeehin, MA Ness, AR Northstone, K Ring, SM Rubin, C Sims, MA Song, K Strachan, DP Vollenweider, P Waeber, G Waterworth, DM Wong, A Deloukas, P Barroso, I Mooser, V Loos, RJ Wareham, NJ AF Ong, Ken K. Elks, Cathy E. Li, Shengxu Zhao, Jing Hua Luan, Jian'an Andersen, Lars B. Bingham, Sheila A. Brage, Soren Smith, George Davey Ekelund, Ulf Gillson, Christopher J. Glaser, Beate Golding, Jean Hardy, Rebecca Khaw, Kay-Tee Kuh, Diana Luben, Robert Marcus, Michele McGeehin, Michael A. Ness, Andrew R. Northstone, Kate Ring, Susan M. Rubin, Carol Sims, Matthew A. Song, Kijoung Strachan, David P. Vollenweider, Peter Waeber, Gerard Waterworth, Dawn M. Wong, Andrew Deloukas, Panagiotis Barroso, Ines Mooser, Vincent Loos, Ruth J. Wareham, Nicholas J. TI Genetic variation in LIN28B is associated with the timing of puberty SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EPIC-NORFOLK; COHORT; IDENTIFICATION; ELEGANS; GROWTH; AGE AB The timing of puberty is highly variable(1). We carried out a genome-wide association study for age at menarche in 4,714 women and report an association in LIN28B on chromosome 6 (rs314276, minor allele frequency (MAF) = 0.33, P = 1.5 x 10(-8)). In independent replication studies in 16,373 women, each major allele was associated with 0.12 years earlier menarche (95% CI = 0.08-0.16; P = 2.8 x 10(-10); combined P = 3.6 x 10(-16)). This allele was also associated with earlier breast development in girls (P = 0.001; N = 4,271); earlier voice breaking (P = 0.006, N = 1,026) and more advanced pubic hair development in boys (P = 0.01; N = 4,588); a faster tempo of height growth in girls (P = 0.00008; N = 4,271) and boys (P = 0.03; N = 4,588); and shorter adult height in women (P = 3.6 x 10(-7); N = 17,274) and men (P = 0.006; N = 9,840) in keeping with earlier growth cessation. These studies identify variation in LIN28B, a potent and specific regulator of microRNA processing(2), as the first genetic determinant regulating the timing of human pubertal growth and development. C1 [Ong, Ken K.; Elks, Cathy E.; Li, Shengxu; Zhao, Jing Hua; Luan, Jian'an; Brage, Soren; Ekelund, Ulf; Gillson, Christopher J.; Sims, Matthew A.; Loos, Ruth J.; Wareham, Nicholas J.] Addenbrookes Hosp, MRC, Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge, England. [Ong, Ken K.; Elks, Cathy E.; Li, Shengxu; Zhao, Jing Hua; Luan, Jian'an; Brage, Soren; Ekelund, Ulf; Gillson, Christopher J.; Sims, Matthew A.; Loos, Ruth J.; Wareham, Nicholas J.] Addenbrookes Hosp, Inst Metab Sci, Cambridge, England. [Ong, Ken K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Paediat, Cambridge, England. [Andersen, Lars B.] Univ So Denmark, Inst Sport Sci & Clin Biomech, Odense, Denmark. [Bingham, Sheila A.] MRC Dunn Human Nutr Unit, Cambridge, England. [Bingham, Sheila A.] MRC Ctr Nutr Epidemiol Canc Prevent & Survival, Cambridge, England. [Smith, George Davey; Glaser, Beate] Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, MRC, Ctr Causal Anal Translat Epidemiol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Ekelund, Ulf] Univ Orebro, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Orebro, Sweden. [Golding, Jean] Univ Bristol, Dept Community Based Med, ALSPAC, Bristol, Avon, England. [Hardy, Rebecca; Kuh, Diana; Wong, Andrew] MRC Unit Lifelong Hlth & Ageing, London, England. [Khaw, Kay-Tee; Luben, Robert] Univ Cambridge, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England. [Marcus, Michele; McGeehin, Michael A.; Rubin, Carol] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Marcus, Michele] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Marcus, Michele] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ness, Andrew R.] Univ Bristol, Dept Oral & Dent Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Northstone, Kate; Ring, Susan M.] Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, ALSPAC, Bristol, Avon, England. [Song, Kijoung; Waterworth, Dawn M.; Mooser, Vincent] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Div Genet, King Of Prussia, PA USA. [Strachan, David P.] Univ London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London, England. [Vollenweider, Peter; Waeber, Gerard] BH10 CHUV, Dept Internal Med, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Deloukas, Panagiotis; Barroso, Ines] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England. RP Ong, KK (reprint author), Addenbrookes Hosp, MRC, Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge, England. EM ken.ong@mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk; ruth.loos@mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk RI Ness, Andy/M-7612-2013; Berryman, Katie/J-4236-2014; Marcus, Michele/J-2746-2015; Wong, Andrew/M-8899-2016; Davey Smith, George/A-7407-2013; Northstone, Kate/A-8165-2011; Deloukas, Panos/B-2922-2013; Brage, Soren/C-6415-2013; Colaus, PsyColaus/K-6607-2013 OI Luben, Robert/0000-0002-5088-6343; St Pourcain, Beate/0000-0002-4680-3517; Golding, Jean/0000-0003-2826-3307; Ness, Andy/0000-0003-3548-9523; Wong, Andrew/0000-0003-2079-4779; Davey Smith, George/0000-0002-1407-8314; Northstone, Kate/0000-0002-0602-1983; Monsalve, Beatriz Elena/0000-0002-5994-866X; Deloukas, Panos/0000-0001-9251-070X; Brage, Soren/0000-0002-1265-7355; FU UK Medical Research Council; Wellcome Trust; University of Bristol; Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne, Switzerland; GlaxoSmithKline FX We are grateful to all of the participants in each of the studies contributing to this effort. Full acknowledgments can be found in the Supplementary Note. Support for this research was provided by: the UK Medical Research Council; the Wellcome Trust; University of Bristol; the Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne, Switzerland; and GlaxoSmithKline. NR 15 TC 157 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 41 IS 6 BP 729 EP 733 DI 10.1038/ng.382 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 450OW UT WOS:000266411700024 PM 19448623 ER PT J AU Coble, JB Dosemeci, M Stewart, PA Blair, A Bowman, J Fine, HA Shapiro, WR Selker, RG Loeffler, JS Black, PM Linet, MS Inskip, PD AF Coble, Joseph B. Dosemeci, Mustafa Stewart, Patricia A. Blair, Aaron Bowman, Joseph Fine, Howard A. Shapiro, William R. Selker, Robert G. Loeffler, Jay S. Black, Peter M. Linet, Martha S. Inskip, Peter D. TI Occupational exposure to magnetic fields and the risk of brain tumors SO NEURO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glioma; job modules; magnetic fields; meningioma; occupation ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RADIATION EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; CANCER; MORTALITY; LEUKEMIA; WORKERS; UTILITY; DESIGN; SWEDEN AB We investigated the association between occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (MFs) and the risk of glioma and meningioma. Occupational exposure to MF was assessed for 489 glioma cases, 197 meningioma cases, and 799 controls enrolled in a hospital-based case-control study. Lifetime occupational history questionnaires were administered to all subjects; for 24% of jobs, these were supplemented with job-specific questionnaires, or "job modules," to obtain information on the use of electrically powered tools or equipment at work. Job-specific quantitative estimates for exposure to MF in milligauss were assigned using a previously published job exposure matrix (JEM) with modification based on the job modules. Jobs were categorized as <= 1.5 mG, >1.5 to <3.0 mG, and >= 3.0 mG. Four exposure metrics were evaluated: (1) maximum exposed job; (2) total years of exposure >1.5 mG; (3) cumulative lifetime exposure; and (4) average lifetime exposure. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression with adjustment for the age, gender, and hospital site. The job modules increased the number of jobs with exposure >= 3.0 mG from 4% to 7% relative to the JEM. No statistically significant elevation in ORs or trends in ORs across exposure categories was observed using four different exposure metrics for the three tumor types analyzed. Occupational exposure to MFs assessed using job modules was not associated with an increase in the risk for glioma, glioblastoma, or meningioma among the subjects evaluated in this study. Neuro-Oncology 11, 242-249, 2009 (Posted to Neuro-Oncology [serial online], Doc. D08-00200, February 20, 2009. URL http://neuro-oncology.dukejournals.org; DOI:10.1215/15228517-2009-002) C1 [Coble, Joseph B.; Dosemeci, Mustafa; Stewart, Patricia A.; Blair, Aaron] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fine, Howard A.] NCI, Neurooncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Linet, Martha S.; Inskip, Peter D.] NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Bowman, Joseph] NIOSH, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Shapiro, William R.] St Josephs Hosp, Barrow Neurol Inst, Phoenix, AZ 85013 USA. [Shapiro, William R.] Med Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Selker, Robert G.] Western Penn Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA. [Loeffler, Jay S.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Black, Peter M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Coble, JB (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jcoble@mail.nih.gov FU National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health FX This project has been funded in part through an intramural program from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 1522-8517 J9 NEURO-ONCOLOGY JI Neuro-Oncology PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 242 EP 249 DI 10.1215/15228517-2009-002 PG 8 WC Oncology; Clinical Neurology SC Oncology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 459TH UT WOS:000267132300002 PM 19234232 ER PT J AU Zhong, Y Okoro, CA Balluz, LS AF Zhong, Yuna Okoro, Catherine A. Balluz, Lina S. TI Association of total calcium and dietary protein intakes with fracture risk in postmenopausal women: The 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Calcium; Protein; Fracture; Postmenopausal women; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ADVERSELY AFFECT BONE; HIP FRACTURE; VITAMIN-D; ELDERLY-WOMEN; OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVENTION; CONSUMPTION AB Objective: We examined the associations of total calcium intake (TCI) and dietary protein intake (DPI) with risk of fracture. Methods: A total of 2006 postmenopausal women >= 50 y of age who were measured in the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in the study. Weighted mean TCI and DPI and percentage of distributions of selected characteristics were estimated by TCI category and fracture status. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of TCI and DPI on risk of fracture. Results: Thirteen percent of participants reported a fracture history, of whom 17.8% consumed a total of >= 1200 mg of calcium per day and 23.8% consumed <400 mg/d. TCI was not associated with fracture risk when controlling for all selected covariates. In women who consumed <46 g/d of dietary protein, those with a TCI >= 1200 mg/d had a significantly higher risk of fracture than those with the lowest TCI (adjusted odds ratio 5.98, 95% confidence interval 1.15-31.13), whereas in women who consumed >70 g/d of dietary protein, those with a TCI >= 1200 mg/d had an insignificant lower risk of fracture (adjusted odds ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.20-2.39). Conclusion: TCI is not associated with risk of fracture among postmenopausal women. Adequate TCI in the presence of inadequate DPI may not be protective against fractures. Optimal proportion of TCI and DPI warrants further investigation among older women. (c) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zhong, Yuna; Okoro, Catherine A.; Balluz, Lina S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Balluz, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LBalluz@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 647 EP 654 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2008.12.002 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 442BZ UT WOS:000265816100006 PM 19230618 ER PT J AU Kuklina, EV Ayala, C Callaghan, WM AF Kuklina, Elena V. Ayala, Carma Callaghan, William M. TI Hypertensive Disorders and Severe Obstetric Morbidity in the United States SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEVERE MATERNAL MORBIDITY; PREGNANCY; MORTALITY; OUTCOMES; RATES; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in the rates of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and compare the rates of severe obstetric complications for delivery hospitalizations with and without hypertensive disorders. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study using the 1998-2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Logistic regressions and population-attributable fractions were used to examine the effect of hypertensive disorders on severe complications. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of hypertensive disorders among delivery hospitalizations increased significantly from 67.2 per 1,000 deliveries in 1998 to 81.4 per 1,000 deliveries in 2006. Compared with hospitalizations without any hypertensive disorders, the risk of severe obstetric complications ranged from 3.3 to 34.8 for hospitalizations with eclampsia/severe preeclampsia and from 1.4 to 2.2 for gestational hypertension. The prevalence of hospitalizations with eclampsia/severe preeclampsia increased moderately from 9.4 to 12.4 per 1,000 deliveries (P for linear trend <0.001) during the period of study. However, these hospitalizations were associated with 38% of hospitalizations with acute renal failure and 19% or more of hospitalizations with ventilation, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, pulmonary edema, puerperal cerebrovascular disorders, and respiratory distress syndrome. Overall, hospitalizations with hypertensive disorders were associated with 57% of hospitalizations with acute renal failure, 27% of hospitalizations with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, and 30% or more of hospitalizations with ventilation, pulmonary edema, puerperal cerebrovascular disorders, and respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSION: The number of delivery hospitalizations in the United States with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. is increasing, and these hospitalizations are associated with a substantial burden of severe obstetric morbidity. (Obstet Gynecol 2009;113:1299-306) C1 [Kuklina, Elena V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kuklina, EV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM erv8@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 117 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 113 IS 6 BP 1299 EP 1306 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 450HU UT WOS:000266392400015 PM 19461426 ER PT J AU Nelson, AE Fang, F Shi, XA Kraus, VB Stabler, T Renner, JB Schwartz, TA Helmick, CG Jordan, JM AF Nelson, A. E. Fang, F. Shi, X. A. Kraus, V. B. Stabler, T. Renner, J. B. Schwartz, T. A. Helmick, C. G. Jordan, J. M. TI Failure of serum transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) as a biomarker of radiographic osteoarthritis at the knee and hip: a cross-sectional analysis in the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project SO OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1); Radiography ID 14 MOLECULAR MARKERS; MONITORING OSTEOARTHRITIS; ARTHRITIS; PREVALENCE AB Purpose: To assess associations between serum transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) and radiographic knee and hip osteoarthritis (rOA) in African American (AA) and White men and women. Methods: Baseline data from 330 participants in the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project were used in the analysis. Radiographs were scored with the Kellgren-Lawrence scale and rOA defined as grade >= 2. Individual radiographic features (IRFs) were rated 0-3. TGF-beta 1 was measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). General linear models were used to estimate associations between InTGF-beta 1 and rOA presence, laterality or severity, and IRF presence and severity, adjusting for age, gender, race and body mass index. Interactions by race and gender were considered significant at P < 0.1. Results: Mean InTGF-beta 1 levels were higher among AAs compared to Whites, and among women compared to men (P < 0.009). Mean InTGF-beta 1 levels were higher in those with knee osteophytes (OST), but this association was not significant after adjustment. There were no other significant differences in mean InTGF-beta 1 levels by presence, laterality, or severity of knee or hip rOA or IRFs. No race or gender interactions were identified, although a borderline significant association between InTGF-beta 1 and knee OST was seen among AAs (P < 0.06). Conclusions: Although serum TGF-beta 1 varied by race and gender and several rOA variables, there were no independent significant associations with presence, laterality, or severity of knee or hip rOA by K-L grade or IRFs, suggesting that serum TGF-beta 1 is unlikely to be useful as a stand-alone biomarker in CA studies. A possible association between TGF-beta 1 and OST in AAs cannot be excluded. (C) 2008 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nelson, A. E.; Renner, J. B.; Schwartz, T. A.; Jordan, J. M.] Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Fang, F.] StatWorks Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Shi, X. A.; Schwartz, T. A.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kraus, V. B.; Stabler, T.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Renner, J. B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Radiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Helmick, C. G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nelson, AE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Sch Med, 3300 Thurston Bldg,Campus Box 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM aenelson@unch.unc.edu RI Schwartz, Todd/D-4995-2012 OI Schwartz, Todd/0000-0002-0232-2543 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-15108, 5-P60-AG-11268, P60 AG011268, R29 AG015108, R29 AG015108-05, P60 AG011268-070008]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-07416, P60 AR030701-200025, T32 AR007416, 5-P60-AR-30701, P60 AR030701, T32 AR007416-26] NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 1063-4584 J9 OSTEOARTHR CARTILAGE JI Osteoarthritis Cartilage PD JUN PY 2009 VL 17 IS 6 BP 772 EP 776 DI 10.1016/j.joca.2008.11.010 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Rheumatology SC Orthopedics; Rheumatology GA 460NM UT WOS:000267194400012 PM 19091605 ER PT J AU Moro, PL Nakao, M Ito, A Schantz, PM Cavero, C Cabrera, L AF Moro, Pedro L. Nakao, Minoru Ito, Akira Schantz, Peter M. Cavero, Carlos Cabrera, Lilia TI Molecular identification of Echinococcus isolates from Peru SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Echinococcus; Genetic variation; Cox1; Ef1a; Haplotypes; Peru ID CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS; GRANULOSUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; ARGENTINA; ORIGIN; STRAIN; PIGS AB Genetic variations in tapeworms Causing cystic echinococcosis in Peru were investigated. Seventy one larval isolates collected from different intermediate hosts and geographic regions were identified by the DNA sequencing of genes for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and nuclear elongation factor 1 alpha (ef1a). The G7 genotype (E. canadensis pig strain) was found for the first time in pigs reared in the city of Lima. Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (sheep strain or G1) was the most prevalent in human patients, sheep, and cattle and the G6 genotype (E. canadensis camel strain) Was found in goats and in one human patient. These findings may inform prevention strategies and control programs against echinococcosis in Peru. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moro, Pedro L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nakao, Minoru; Ito, Akira] Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. [Schantz, Peter M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cavero, Carlos] Hosp Nacl Hipolito Unanue, Dept Thorac Surg, Lima, Peru. [Cabrera, Lilia] AB Prisma, Lima, Peru. RP Moro, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pmoro@cdc.gov RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187 FU Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science for international projects [17256002]; Ministry of Education, Japan FX We thank the health officials from Hospital Nacional Hipolito Unanue in Lima, Peru, for their cooperation in the conduct of this study. This Study Was financially Supported by grant PM-002 to PLM and by the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science for international projects (17256002) and Infection Matrix Fund from the Ministry of Education, Japan, to AI. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 58 IS 2 BP 184 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2009.01.005 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 446SU UT WOS:000266142200012 PM 19567235 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, LS Fowler, KB Boppana, SB Britt, WJ Pass, RF Schmid, SD Stagno, S Cannon, MJ AF Rosenthal, Lauren Stancik Fowler, Karen B. Boppana, Suresh B. Britt, William J. Pass, Robert F. Schmid, Scott D. Stagno, Sergio Cannon, Michael J. TI Cytomegalovirus Shedding and Delayed Sensorineural Hearing Loss Results From Longitudinal Follow-up of Children With Congenital Infection SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE congenital cytomegalovirus; cytomegalovirus; sensorineural hearing loss; longitudinal studies ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CMV INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; NEWBORNS; SEQUELAE; IMMUNITY; BLOOD; WOMEN; LOAD AB Background: The pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related hearing loss is not well understood. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between persistent CMV shedding and delayed sensorineural hearing loss in children born with congenital CMV. Methods: Serial audiologic assessments and CMV cultures of urine and saliva were performed on 580 children who had been diagnosed with congenital CMV infection. Results: Prevalence of CMV culture-positivity in any specimen decreased to approximately 50% by the third birthday and approximately 5% after the seventh birthday. Intermittent shedding occurred in 28% of children. Seventy-seven children had hearing loss at birth and 38 children developed delayed hearing loss by the end of follow-up. In multivariate analyses, delayed hearing loss was strongly associated with symptomatic infection at birth (OR = 5.9, 95% CI: 1.8-18.9) and modestly associated with older ;age at last culture-positive visit (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.0, comparing 1-year age differences) Observed rates of delayed hearing loss were 0.79 per 100 person-years for children asymptomatic at birth and 4.29 per 100 person-years for children symptomatic at birth. Between the ages of 6 months and 8 years, we would expect delayed hearing loss to occur in 6.9% of asymptomatic children and in 33.7% of symptomatic children. Conclusions: The strongest risk factor for delayed hearing loss was CMV-related symptoms at birth, but many asymptomatic children also developed delayed hearing loss. Longer duration of CMV shedding may also be a predictor of delayed hearing loss. C1 [Rosenthal, Lauren Stancik; Schmid, Scott D.; Cannon, Michael J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Fowler, Karen B.; Boppana, Suresh B.; Britt, William J.; Pass, Robert F.; Stagno, Sergio] Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Cannon, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-47, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mcannon@cdc.gov RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [P01 HD10699]; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [R01 DC02139]; UAB General Clinical Research Center [M01 RR00032] FX Supported by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01 HD10699), the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01 DC02139), and the UAB General Clinical Research Center (M01 RR00032). NR 25 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 6 BP 515 EP 520 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e318198c724 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 450XA UT WOS:000266433500012 PM 19483517 ER PT J AU Lindsey, NP Hayes, EB Staples, JE Fischer, M AF Lindsey, Nicole P. Hayes, Edward B. Staples, J. Erin Fischer, Marc TI West Nile Virus Disease in Children, United States, 1999-2007 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; encephalitis; meningitis; children; epidemiology ID BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS; TRANSMISSION; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INVOLVEMENT AB BACKGROUND. Although West Nile virus (WNV) disease has occurred predominantly among adults in the United States, children are also susceptible. Epidemiological data describing WNV disease in children are limited. METHODS. We described the epidemiological features of WNV disease among children (<18 years of age) reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1999 through 2007 and compared features of pediatric and adult West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). RESULTS. Of 1478 pediatric WNV cases reported from 1999 through 2007, 443 (30%) were classified as WNND, 1009 (68%) were classified as West Nile fever, and 26 (2%) were of unknown clinical presentation. Three WNND cases were fatal. The vast majority of reported case subjects (92%) had onset of illness between July and September. Children accounted for only 4% of all of the WNND case subjects reported from 1999 to 2007, with a median annual incidence of 0.07 case subjects per 100 000 children (range: 0.00-0.19 case subjects). In children and younger adults WNND most often manifested as meningitis, in contrast to the predominance of encephalitis among older adults with WNND. The geographic distribution and temporal trends were of pediatric and adult WNND. CONCLUSIONS. The epidemiological characteristics of WNV disease in children are similar to adult case subjects; however, WNND is more likely to manifest as meningitis in children than in older adults. WNV should be considered in the differential diagnosis for pediatric patients presenting with febrile illness, meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis, particularly during seasonal outbreaks in endemic areas. Pediatrics 2009; 123: e1084-e1089 C1 [Lindsey, Nicole P.; Hayes, Edward B.; Staples, J. Erin; Fischer, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Hayes, Edward B.] Barcelona Ctr Int Hlth Res, Barcelona, Spain. RP Lindsey, NP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM frd3@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2009 VL 123 IS 6 BP E1084 EP E1089 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-3278 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 449GO UT WOS:000266319000047 PM 19482742 ER PT J AU Rue-Cover, A Iskander, J Lyn, SN Burwen, DR Gargiullo, P Shadomy, S Blostein, J Bridges, CB Haber, P Satzger, RD Ball, R Seward, JF AF Rue-Cover, Alison Iskander, John Lyn, Shauna Burwen, Dale R. Gargiullo, Paul Shadomy, Sean Blostein, Joel Bridges, Carolyn B. Haber, Penina Satzger, R. Duane Ball, Robert Seward, Jane F. TI Death and serious illness following influenza vaccination: a multidisciplinary investigation SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE vaccine; adverse; event; influenza; elderly; investigation ID EVENT-REPORTING-SYSTEM; ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES; UNITED-STATES; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; ELDERLY PERSONS; CUTTER INCIDENT; FLU VACCINATION; VAERS AB Purpose To evaluate a possible association between influenza vaccination and four deaths and four serious illnesses among 114 recent influenza vaccinees in a long-term care facility (LTCF) and two deaths from a nearby physician's office. All had received vaccine from the same lot (Lot A). Methods Field investigation including (1) a retrospective cohort study among LTCF residents who received Lot A or other influenza vaccine, (2) review of medical records of cases of death or serious illness, (3) active surveillance of deaths among 1500 community based Lot A vaccinees and (4) laboratory testing of vaccine from available Lot A vials. Results Medical record reviews showed no common clinical syndrome or cause of death. Laboratory testing of Lot A samples revealed no evidence of tampering and no differences compared to an unrelated lot. The risk of death or hospitalization was not significantly different between persons who received Lot A versus a comparison lot, Lot B (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.9, 95%CI = 0.3-3.3). Conclusions There was no clinical or biological evidence pointing to inherent vaccine safety issues, nor was there a detectable increased risk of death or hospitalization among persons vaccinated with Lot A. Lot specific clustering of adverse events (AEs) may reflect medical events causally unrelated to vaccination. Rapid investigations of potential AEs are important to ensure vaccine safety and to maintain public and healthcare provider confidence in vaccines. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Rue-Cover, Alison; Gargiullo, Paul; Bridges, Carolyn B.; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rue-Cover, Alison; Lyn, Shauna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Iskander, John; Shadomy, Sean; Haber, Penina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, ISO, Div Healthcare Qual Promot Proposed, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ball, Robert] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MA USA. [Blostein, Joel] MDCH, Lansing, MI USA. [Satzger, R. Duane] US FDA, ORA, Forens Chem Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Rue-Cover, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, ISO, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop D-26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bwf8@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 504 EP 511 DI 10.1002/pds.1743 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 462JU UT WOS:000267349300010 PM 19373848 ER PT J AU Sholberg, PL Boule, J Svircev, A Lehman, SM AF Sholberg, P. L. Boule, J. Svircev, A. Lehman, S. M. TI Bacteriophages of Erwinia amylovora from British Colombia, Canada SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathology-Society CY AUG 01-05, 2009 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Sholberg, P. L.; Boule, J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada. [Svircev, A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, So Crop Protect & Food Res Ctr, Vineland Stn, ON, Canada. [Lehman, S. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Clin & Environm Microbiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2009 VL 99 IS 6 BP S119 EP S119 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 447SY UT WOS:000266213300714 ER PT J AU Shay, DK Ridenhour, BJ AF Shay, David K. Ridenhour, Benjamin J. TI Can We "Hedge" against the Development of Antiviral Resistance among Pandemic Influenza Viruses? SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Shay, David K.; Ridenhour, Benjamin J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shay, DK (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM david.shay@cdc.hhs.gov OI Ridenhour, Benjamin/0000-0001-8271-4629; Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 6 AR e1000103 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000103 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 476OQ UT WOS:000268452300013 PM 19564898 ER PT J AU White, NJ Webster, RG Govorkova, EA Uyeki, TM AF White, Nicholas J. Webster, Robert G. Govorkova, Elena A. Uyeki, Timothy M. TI What Is the Optimal Therapy for Patients with H5N1 Influenza? SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; RAPID ADVICE GUIDELINES; VIRUS-INFECTION; A H5N1; NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS; COMBINATION THERAPY; OSELTAMIVIR; OUTBREAK; MICE C1 [White, Nicholas J.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. [Webster, Robert G.; Govorkova, Elena A.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Div Virol, Dept Infect Dis, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Prevent Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP White, NJ (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. EM nickwdt@tropmedres.ac; robert.webster@stjude.org; tuyeki@cdc.gov RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [HHSN266200700005C]; PHS HHS [HHSN266200700005C]; Wellcome Trust NR 61 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 6 AR e1000091 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000091 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 476OQ UT WOS:000268452300006 PM 19554084 ER PT J AU Wendel, AM Dannenberg, AL AF Wendel, Arthur M. Dannenberg, Andrew L. TI Reversing declines in walking and bicycling to school SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Safe routes to school; Transportation; Children; Bicycling; Walking; Built environment ID ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION; URBAN FORM; HEALTH; CHILDREN; TRENDS; TRIPS C1 [Wendel, Arthur M.; Dannenberg, Andrew L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wendel, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dvq6@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 48 IS 6 BP 513 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.05.010 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462FR UT WOS:000267335900002 PM 19500552 ER PT J AU Niolon, PH Whitaker, DJ Feder, L Campbell, J Wallinder, J Self-Brown, S Chivers, S AF Niolon, Phyllis Holditch Whitaker, Daniel J. Feder, Lynette Campbell, Jacquelyn Wallinder, Jan Self-Brown, Shannon Chivers, Sarah TI A Multicomponent Intervention To Prevent Partner Violence Within an Existing Service Intervention SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE intimate partner violence; prevention; intervention ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHILD-ABUSE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; HOME VISITATION; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; PREGNANCY; NEGLECT; PROGRAM AB Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an enormous public health problem that results in injury, health problems, and substantial cost to society. Despite having a grasp of the scope of IPV, public health officials and workers know little about how to prevent it. The few empirically established primary prevention programs consist of school-based curricula targeting high school students. Additional venues for IPV prevention are needed, especially for women at elevated risk. This article describes a preventive intervention for IPV consisting of three components: (a) a structured assessment for IPV; (b) a brochure-driven intervention for women experiencing IPV, including safety planning, referrals, and advocacy; and (c) a skills-based curriculum delivered to all participants that focuses on improving relationship decisions and outcomes. While this intervention could potentially be delivered in a multitude of clinical settings, this article focuses on its delivery within a home visitation program for young, disadvantaged new mothers, a population known to be at increased risk for IPV. If found to be effective, this intervention could be incorporated into many service delivery systems, with broad-based clinical implications for IPV prevention. C1 [Niolon, Phyllis Holditch] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Self-Brown, Shannon] Georgia State Univ, Natl Safecare Training & Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Feder, Lynette] Portland State Univ, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Campbell, Jacquelyn] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Nursing, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wallinder, Jan] Multnomah Cty Hlth Dept, Early Childhood Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Niolon, PH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pniolon@cdc.gov RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009; Sandall, Jane/D-4146-2009 OI Sandall, Jane/0000-0003-2000-743X NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 3 BP 264 EP 271 DI 10.1037/a0013422 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 458BD UT WOS:000266984700007 ER PT J AU Maloney, EM Boneva, R Nater, UM Reeves, WC AF Maloney, Elizabeth M. Boneva, Roumiana Nater, Urs M. Reeves, William C. TI Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and High Allostatic Load: Results From a Population-Based Case-Control Study in Georgia SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CFS; allostatic load; case-control; population-based; Georgia; SF-36 ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; STRESS; MACARTHUR; DISEASE; DEFINITION; INSULIN; OBESITY; RISK AB Objective: To confirm the association of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) with high allostatic load (AL) level, examine the association of subsyndromal CFS with AL level, and investigate the effect of depression on these relationships and the association of AL with functional impairment, fatigue, symptom severity, fatigue duration, and type of CFS onset. AL represents file cumulative physiologic effect of demands to adapt to stress. Methods: Population-based case-control study of 83 persons with CFS 202 Persons With insufficient symptoms or fatigue for CFS (ISF), and 109 well controls living in Georgia. Unconditional logistic regression was used to generate odds ratios (ORs) as measures of the association of AL with CFS. Results: Relative to well controls, each 1-point increase in allostatic load index (ALI) was associated with a 26% increase in likelihood of having CFS (ORadjusted 1.26, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.00, 1.59). This association remained in the presence and absence of depression (ORadjusted = 1.35, Cl = 1.07, 1.72; ORadjusted = 1.35, CI = 1.10, 1.65). Compared with the ISF group, each 1-point increase in ALI was associated with a 10% increase in likelihood of having CFS (ORadjusted = 1.10, CI = 0.93, 1.31). Among persons with CFS, the duration of fatigue was inversely correlated with ALI (r = -.26, p = .047). Conclusions: Compared with well controls, persons with CFS were significantly more likely to have a high AL. AL increased in a gradient across well, ISF, and CFS groups. C1 [Maloney, Elizabeth M.; Boneva, Roumiana; Reeves, William C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nater, Urs M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Maloney, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM evm3@cdc.gov RI Nater, Urs/J-6898-2013; OI Nater, Urs/0000-0002-2430-5090 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0033-3174 EI 1534-7796 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 71 IS 5 BP 549 EP 556 DI 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181a4fea8 PG 8 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 459YC UT WOS:000267148200010 PM 19414615 ER PT J AU Nater, UM Lin, JMS Maloney, EM Jones, JF Tian, H Boneva, RS Raison, CL Reeves, WC Heim, C AF Nater, Urs M. Lin, Jin-Mann S. Maloney, Elizabeth M. Jones, James F. Tian, Hao Boneva, Roumiana S. Raison, Charles L. Reeves, William C. Heim, Christine TI Psychiatric Comorbidity in Persons With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Identified From the Georgia Population SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chronic fatigue syndrome; psychiatric disorders; population-based study ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; COMMUNITY-BASED SAMPLE; MEDICAL UTILIZATION; CHIEF COMPLAINT; PRIMARY-CARE; DISORDERS; ILLNESS; HEALTH; SOMATIZATION; DEFINITION AB Objective: To compare the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in persons with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) identified from the general population and a chronically ill group of people presenting with subsyndromic CFS-like illness ("insufficient symptoms or fatigue" (ISF)). Previous studies in CFS patients from primary and tertiary care clinics have found high rates of psychiatric disturbance, but this may reflect referral bias rather than true patterns of comorbidity with CFS. Methods: We used random digit dialing to identify unwell individuals. A detailed telephone interview identified those with CFS-like illness. These individuals participated in a 1-day clinical evaluation to confirm CFS or ISF status. We identified 113 cases of CFS and 264 persons with ISF. To identify current and lifetime psychiatric disorders, participants completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Results: Sixty-four persons (57%) with CFS had at least one current psychiatric diagnosis, in contrast to 1] 8 persons (45%) with ISF. One hundred one persons (89%) with CFS had at least one lifetime psychiatric diagnosis compared with 208 persons (79%) with ISF. Of note, only I I persons (9.8%) with CFS and 25 persons (9.5%) with ISF reported having seen a mental healthcare specialist during the past 6 months. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that current and lifetime psychiatric disorders commonly accompany CFS in the general population. Most CFS cases with comorbid psychiatric conditions had not sought appropriate help during the past 6 months. These results demonstrate an urgent need to address psychiatric disorders in the clinical care of CFS cases. C1 [Nater, Urs M.; Lin, Jin-Mann S.; Maloney, Elizabeth M.; Jones, James F.; Tian, Hao; Boneva, Roumiana S.; Reeves, William C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nater, Urs M.; Raison, Charles L.; Heim, Christine] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Mail Stop A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wcrl@cdc.gov RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009; Nater, Urs/J-6898-2013; OI Nater, Urs/0000-0002-2430-5090 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy; CDC (UMN) FX This research was supported, in part, by (in appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and CDC (UMN). The authors acknowledge the expertise of Rebecca Devlin and Marjorie Morrissey from AN Associates in conducting the study. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 71 IS 5 BP 557 EP 565 DI 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31819ea179 PG 9 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 459YC UT WOS:000267148200011 PM 19414619 ER PT J AU Garcia-Rivera, EJ Vorndam, V Rigau-Perez, JG AF Garcia-Rivera, Enid J. Vorndam, Vance Rigau-Perez, Jose G. TI Use of an Enhanced Surveillance System for Encephalitis and Aseptic Meningitis for the Detection of Neurologic Manifestations of Dengue in Puerto Rico, 2003 SO PUERTO RICO HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Dengue; Neurologic manifestations of dengue; Dengue encephalitis; Puerto Rico ID VIRUS; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION AB Dengue infection has been implicated as a cause of neurologic manifestations since the beginning of the 20th century. An enhanced surveillance system for encephalitis and aseptic meningitis developed by the Puerto Rico Department of Health in collaboration with the Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, identified eleven laboratory positive dengue patients presenting with neurologic manifestations in 2003. Anti-dengue IgM antibody was detected in serum of eight patients and in cerebrospinal fluid of one patient. DENV-2 and DENV-3 were isolated from the serum of one patient each. All patients were negative for serologic markers of West Nile Virus and St. Louis encephalitis. Nine (82%) of the 11 patients had symptoms compatible with encephalitis. Their median age was 46 years (range: 9 months - 82 years) and five were males. Symptoms included severe headache, seizures, altered mental status, confusion, and coma. A motor disorder (upper extremities weakness and Guillain Barre Syndrome, respectively) occurred in two additional patients. Most patients recovered but there were two fatalities. Neurologic manifestations of dengue were rarely reported in Puerto Rico until the institution of enhanced surveillance, which resulted in the recognition of severe and fatal cases. C1 [Garcia-Rivera, Enid J.] Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol & Res, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Garcia-Rivera, Enid J.; Vorndam, Vance; Rigau-Perez, Jose G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Garcia-Rivera, EJ (reprint author), Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol & Res, POB 70184, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. EM ejgarcia@salud.gov.pr NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO MEDICAL SCIENCES CAMPUS PI SAN JUAN PA OFFICE DEAN ACADEMIC AFFAIRS BOX 365067, SAN JUAN, PR 00936-5067 USA SN 0738-0658 J9 P R HEALTH SCI J JI P. R. Health Sci. J. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 114 EP 120 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 455GQ UT WOS:000266746900003 PM 19530552 ER PT J AU Yiin, JH Anderson, JL Daniels, RD Seel, EA Fleming, DA Waters, KM Chen, PH AF Yiin, James H. Anderson, Jeri L. Daniels, Robert D. Seel, Evelyn A. Fleming, Donald A. Waters, Kathleen M. Chen, Pi-Hsueh TI A Nested Case-Control Study of Multiple Myeloma Risk and Uranium Exposure among Workers at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; X-RAY EXAMINATIONS; NUCLEAR-FACILITIES; RADIATION-EXPOSURE; MORTALITY; THOROTRAST; CANCER; LEUKEMIA; MARROW; COHORT AB The primary risk factors of multiple myeloma are age, race and sex, but several studies have found an association between radiological hazards and multiple myeloma. The purpose of this nested case-control study was to investigate whether workers with chronic low-level exposure to internally deposited uranium at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant in eastern Tennessee were at higher risk of dying of multiple myeloma than those without occupational exposure to uranium, with the consideration of potential confounders of external ionizing radiation and occupational chemical hazards such as mercury, nickel and trichloroethylene. The main analyses were carried out using conditional logistic regression on 98 cases and 490 controls (five controls matched to each case on gender, race and age at risk). Our study showed a weak association between internal uranium dose estimated from urinalysis results and multiple myeloma risk: OR = 1.04 (95% CI 1.00-11.09) at 10 mu Gy with the inclusion of other risk factors. The parameter estimates and the corresponding odds ratios were very similar when internal doses were imputed for subjects without urine samples. Further studies that include updating this cohort and combining with workers from other gaseous diffusion plants are needed to investigate the relationship between multiple myeloma risk and radiation or other chemical exposures. (C) 2009 by Radiation Research society C1 [Yiin, James H.; Anderson, Jeri L.; Daniels, Robert D.; Seel, Evelyn A.; Fleming, Donald A.; Waters, Kathleen M.; Chen, Pi-Hsueh] NIOSH, DSHEFS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Yiin, JH (reprint author), NIOSH, DSHEFS, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM JYiin@cdc.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) FX Funding for this study was provided through an agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). The study was made possible by the cooperation and support of the DOE and their employees and contractors. The study benefited from the assistance of many prior NIOSH researchers and staff members of the Health-Related Energy Research Branch, who where instrumental in the records identification, collection and validation activities. The authors thank the reviewers for their invaluable input on prior drafts of this paper. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 5 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 171 IS 6 BP 637 EP 645 DI 10.1667/RR1607.1 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 456HN UT WOS:000266835200001 PM 19580470 ER PT J AU von Ehrenstein, OS Fenton, SE Kato, K Kuklenyik, Z Calafat, AM Hines, EP AF von Ehrenstein, Ondine S. Fenton, Suzanne E. Kato, Kayoko Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna Calafat, Antonia M. Hines, Erin P. TI Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in the serum and milk of breastfeeding women SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Perfluorooctanoic Acid Toxicokinetics and Mechanisms of Toxicity CY 2007 CL Res Triangle Pk, NC SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals; Perfluoroalkyl acids; Perfluorooctanoic acid; Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; Serum; Breast milk; Lactation ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; PERFLUORINATED ORGANIC-ACIDS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ADULT-BLOOD DONORS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; NHANES 1999-2000; NATIONAL-HEALTH; TEMPORAL TREND AB Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) comprise a group of man-made organic compounds, some of which are persistent contaminants with developmental toxicity shown in laboratory animals. There is a paucity of human perinatal exposure data. The US EPA conducted a pilot study (Methods Advancement for Milk Analysis) including 34 breastfeeding women in North Carolina. Milk and serum samples were collected at 2-7 weeks and 3-4 months postpartum; 9 PFCs were assessed in milk and 7 in serum. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were found in nearly 100% of the serum samples. PFOS and PFOA were found at the highest concentrations. PFCs were below the limit of quantification in most milk samples. Serum concentrations of PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS were lower(p < 0.01) at the second visit compared to the first visit. Living in North Carolina 10 years or longer was related to elevated PFCS, PFCA and PFNA (p <= 0.03). These pilot data support the need to further explore perinatal PFC exposures and potentially related health effects, as planned in the upcoming National Children's Study which provided the framework for this investigation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [von Ehrenstein, Ondine S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kato, Kayoko; Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. RP von Ehrenstein, OS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA Sch Publ Hlth, POB 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ovehren@ucla.edu OI Hines, Erin Pias/0000-0002-2458-6267 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 57 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.03.001 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 445KQ UT WOS:000266050100004 PM 19429402 ER PT J AU White, SS Kato, K Jia, LT Basden, BJ Calafat, AM Hines, EP Stanko, JP Wolf, CJ Abbott, BD Fenton, SE AF White, Sally S. Kato, Kayoko Jia, Lily T. Basden, Brian J. Calafat, Antonia M. Hines, Erin P. Stanko, Jason P. Wolf, Cynthia J. Abbott, Barbara D. Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid on mouse mammary gland development and differentiation resulting from cross-foster and restricted gestational exposures SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Perfluorooctanoic Acid Toxicokinetics and Mechanisms of Toxicity CY 2007 CL Res Triangle Pk, NC SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); Mammary gland; Prenatal exposure; Neonatal exposure; Lactation; Dosimetry; Delayed development; Fetal origins of adult disease ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; NATIONAL BIRTH COHORT; PERFLUORINATED CHEMICALS; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; SULFONATE PFOS; FETAL-GROWTH; HUMAN-MILK; BLOOD; PREGNANCY; TOXICITY AB The adverse consequences of developmental exposures to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are established in mice, and include impaired development of the mammary gland (MG). However, the relationships between timing or route of exposure, and consequences in the MG have not been characterized. To address the effects of these variables on the onset and persistence of MG effects in female offspring, timed pregnant CD-I dams received PFOA by oral gavage over various gestational durations. Cross-fostering studies identified the 5 mg/kg dose, under either lactational- or intrauterine-only exposures, to delay MG development as early as postnatal day (PND) 1, persisting beyond PND 63. Intrauterine exposure during the final days of pregnancy caused adverse MG developmental effects similar to that of extended gestational exposures. These studies confirm a window of MG sensitivity in late fetal and early neonatal life, and demonstrate developmental PFOA exposure results in early and persistent MG effects, suggesting permanent consequences. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [White, Sally S.; Hines, Erin P.; Stanko, Jason P.; Wolf, Cynthia J.; Abbott, Barbara D.; Fenton, Suzanne E.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [White, Sally S.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kato, Kayoko; Jia, Lily T.; Basden, Brian J.; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fenton.suzanne@epa.gov OI Hines, Erin Pias/0000-0002-2458-6267 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA ES102785-01] NR 33 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.11.054 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 445KQ UT WOS:000266050100009 PM 19095057 ER PT J AU Owusu-Edusei, K Tejani, MN Gift, TL Kent, CK Tao, GY AF Owusu-Edusei, Kwame, Jr. Tejani, Mehul N. Gift, Thomas L. Kent, Charlotte K. Tao, Guoyu TI Estimates of the Direct Cost Per Case and Overall Burden of Trichomoniasis for the Employer-Sponsored Privately Insured Women Population in the United States, 2001 to 2005 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; VAGINALIS INFECTION; CERVICAL NEOPLASIA; NATURAL-HISTORY; PREVALENCE; RISK; ACQUISITION; HEALTH; RATES AB Background: Little is known about the direct medical cost and overall burden of trichomoniasis among women in the United States. Methods: We extracted insurance claims for trichomoniasis for 2001 to 2005 from the MEDSTAT MarketScan database using International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision codes. The analysis was restricted to outpatient care and prescription drug claims for women in 4 age categories: under 15, 15 to 24, 25 to 34, and 35 to 64. We used Current Procedures Terminology codes to analyze diagnostic methodologies. All costs were adjusted to 2005 US dollars. Results: The average outpatient and prescription drug costs per episode for all ages were $97 and $9, respectively. The resulting average total cost per episode was $101 (about 50% did not have drug costs). Average total cost among women aged 15 to 24 years ($120) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than all other age categories. The estimated annual economic burden was $6.8 million among privately insured women and $18.9 million among all women from the United States. The incidence rate for female enrollees (all ages) having claims was 91 per 100,000 enrollees. Incidence rates were highest for women aged 25 to 29 years (185 per 100,000), followed by women aged 20 to 24 years (166 per 100,000). The most common diagnostic procedure seemed to be wet mount, bill nonspecificity of Current Procedures Terminology codes inhibited the analysis of diagnostic methodologies. Conclusion: The estimated economic burden was highest among reproductive age women (15-34 years). Our estimated economic burden represents a lower-bound estimate because it was based on direct medical costs only. C1 [Owusu-Edusei, Kwame, Jr.; Gift, Thomas L.; Kent, Charlotte K.; Tao, Guoyu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tejani, Mehul N.] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Owusu-Edusei, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kowusuedusei@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 6 BP 395 EP 399 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318199d5fe PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 449WR UT WOS:000266361700013 PM 19556934 ER PT J AU Al-Tayyib, AA McFarlane, M Kachur, R Rietmeijer, CA AF Al-Tayyib, A. A. McFarlane, M. Kachur, R. Rietmeijer, C. A. TI Finding sex partners on the internet: what is the risk for sexually transmitted infections? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID INTERCEPT SURVEY; COMMON OUTCOMES; BISEXUAL MEN; HIV/STI RISK; ONLINE; HIV; DISEASES; PREVENTION; BEHAVIORS; SEEKING AB Objective: To assess the association between sexual encounters with internet partners and current Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) infections. Methods: Between August 2006 and March 2008, patients at the Denver Metro Health Clinic were routinely asked about sexual encounters with internet partners. This retrospective case-control study was limited to patients who tested for Ct/GC at their visit. Analyses were stratified by sexual orientation to account for differences in baseline risk behaviours. Results: Of 14 955 patients with a valid Ct/GC test result, 2802 (19%) were infected with Ct/GC. Stratified by sexual orientation, the prevalence of Ct/GC infection was 17% for men who have sex with men (MSM), 21% for men who have sex with women (MSW) and 16% for women. A total of 339 (23%) MSM, 192 (3%) MSW and 98 (2%) women reported having a sexual encounter with a person they met on the internet in the past 4 months. The estimates of the association between recent internet sex partner and current Ct/GC infection were not significant for MSM (risk ratio (RR): 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84 to 1.49) and women (RR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.48). However, the association appeared to be significantly protective among MSW (RR: 0.66, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.98). Conclusions: Sexual encounters with internet partners did not appear to be associated with increased risk of current Ct/GC infection among people seeking care at a sexual health clinic. Seeking sexual partners on the internet is a complex behaviour and its implications for STI/HIV infection are not fully understood. C1 [Al-Tayyib, A. A.; Rietmeijer, C. A.] STD Ctr Excellence, Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. [Al-Tayyib, A. A.; Rietmeijer, C. A.] Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Denver, CO USA. [McFarlane, M.; Kachur, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Al-Tayyib, AA (reprint author), STD Ctr Excellence, Denver Publ Hlth Dept, 605 Bannock St, Denver, CO USA. EM alia.al-tayyib@dhha.org FU Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases; National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention; Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Association for Prevention Teaching and Research [U50/CCU300860] FX Primary support for this research was provided by a cooperative agreement grant from the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research (U50/CCU300860) to CAR. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 16 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 85 IS 3 BP 216 EP 220 DI 10.1136/sti.2008.032631 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 450WV UT WOS:000266433000020 PM 19098059 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Bhasin, S Wang, C Tai, SS Dodge, LA Singh, RJ Nelson, J Ohorodnik, S Clarke, NJ Salameh, WA Parker, CR Razdan, R Monsell, EA Myers, GL AF Vesper, Hubert W. Bhasin, Shalender Wang, Christina Tai, Susan S. Dodge, Larry A. Singh, Ravinder J. Nelson, Judie Ohorodnik, Susan Clarke, Nigel J. Salameh, Wael A. Parker, C. Richard, Jr. Razdan, Raj Monsell, Elizabeth A. Myers, Gary L. TI Interlaboratory comparison study of serum total testoserone measurements performed by mass spectrometry methods SO STEROIDS LA English DT Article DE Testosterone; HPLC-MS/MS; Method comparison; Analytical variability ID CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE; FREE TESTOSTERONE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ADULT MEN; WOMEN; ASSAYS; ANDROSTENEDIONE; IMMUNOASSAYS; VALIDATION; THERAPY AB Background: Though mass spectrometry (MS) assays are increasingly used for routine clinical measurements of serum total testosterone (TT), information about the variability of results is limited. This study assessed the variability of TT measurement results from routine MS assays. Methods: Twenty serum samples (12 females, 8 males) were analyzed on 2 days by seven high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and one gas chromatography (GC)-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS, CC-MS/MS) assays. Two samples (male and female) were provided in five replicates to assess the within-run variability. Results were compared against those obtained at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The within- and between-laboratory variability was assessed for each sample. Comparisons to the NIST results were performed using bias plot and Deming regression analysis. Results: The overall coefficient of variation of the results obtained with MS assays was <15%CV at >1.53 nmol/L and <34%CV at 0.3 nmol/L The between-assay variability was the major contributor to the overall variability. The assay precision was the highest (<3%CV) with assays using liquid-liquid extraction for sample preparation or GC-MS/MS. The mean percent difference to the reference assay was 11%. The slopes of Deming regression analysis of the MS assays were between 0.903 and 1.138 (correlation coefficient: >0.996). TT concentrations for one assay were above the measurement range. Conclusions: The variability of TT measurement results among MS assays is substantially smaller than that reported for immunoassays. The type of sample preparation may affect assay precision. Standardizing assays can further reduce the variability of measurement results. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Vesper, Hubert W.; Razdan, Raj; Monsell, Elizabeth A.; Myers, Gary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bhasin, Shalender] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Wang, Christina] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Harbor Med Ctr, Sch Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. [Wang, Christina] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. [Tai, Susan S.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dodge, Larry A.; Singh, Ravinder J.] Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Nelson, Judie] Childrens & Womens Hlth Ctr BC, Newborn Screening Biochem Genet Labs, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada. [Ohorodnik, Susan] Taylor Technol Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Clarke, Nigel J.; Salameh, Wael A.] QuestDiagnost Nichols Inst, Capistrano, CA 92675 USA. [Parker, C. Richard, Jr.] Univ Alabama, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM HVesper@cdc.gov FU Solvay Pharmaceutical through the CDC Foundation; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion FX Funding for this project is provided by Solvay Pharmaceutical through the CDC Foundation. The Division of Laboratory Sciences at the National Center for Environmental Health and the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion also contributed to this project. We would like to thank Dr. Sam Caudill for his assistance with the SAS calculations, and Dr. Julianne Bothelo, CDC and Christopher Shacklady, CDC for their contributions to manuscript preparation. NR 40 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0039-128X J9 STEROIDS JI Steroids PD JUN PY 2009 VL 74 IS 6 BP 498 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.01.004 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 432JH UT WOS:000265128800002 PM 19428438 ER PT J AU de Willige, SU Pyle, ME Vos, HL de Visser, MCH Lally, C Dowling, NF Hooper, WC Bertina, RM Austin, H AF de Willige, Shirley Uitte Pyle, Meridith E. Vos, Hans L. de Visser, Marieke C. H. Lally, Cathy Dowling, Nicole F. Hooper, W. Craig Bertina, Rogier M. Austin, Harland TI Fibrinogen gamma gene 3 '-end polymorphisms and risk of venous thromboembolism in the African-American and Caucasian population SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE African-Americans; fibrinogen gamma; polymorphisms; risk; venous thromboembolism ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; THR312ALA POLYMORPHISM; THROMBOSIS; PREVALENCE; CALIFORNIA; RESISTANCE; MUTATION; VARIANT; BLACKS AB Genetic determinants of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the African-American population are poorly characterised. It was recently shown that fibrinogen gamma gene (FGG) polymorphisms 10034C>T and 9340T>C influence VTE risk in the Caucasian population. In the African-American population these polymorphisms are common, with allele frequencies above 25%. Here we evaluated whether these and other FGG 3'-end polymorphisms were associated with VTE risk in the African-American population and aimed to replicate the association in the Caucasian population. We examined 557 Caucasian patients and 678 Caucasian controls, and 537 African-American patients and 586 African-American controls from the 'Genetic Attributes and Thrombosis Epidemiology' (GATE) study. In the African-American population, 10034C>T and 9340T>C marginally influenced VTE-risk, with a 20% increase in risk for 10034TT carriers and a 20% reduction in risk for 9340CC carriers. In the Caucasian population, 10034TT was associated with a 1.7-fold increase in risk, which increased to 2.1-fold for idiopathic VTE patients. 9340CC significantly reduced VTE risk approximately two-fold. In conclusion, both FGG polymorphisms 10034C>T and 9340T>C influence VTE-risk, with the strongest effects observed in the Caucasian population, confirming previous data on these polymorphisms in this population. C1 [Lally, Cathy; Austin, Harland] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [de Willige, Shirley Uitte; Vos, Hans L.; de Visser, Marieke C. H.; Bertina, Rogier M.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Einthoven Lab Expt Vasc Med, Leiden, Netherlands. [Pyle, Meridith E.; Dowling, Nicole F.; Hooper, W. Craig] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Austin, H (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM haustin@sph.emory.edu FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [912-02-036]; CDC through the Associations of Schools of Public Health/CDC Cooperative Agreement mechanism FX This study was financially supported by grant 912-02-036 from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). The GATE study was supported by a grant from the CDC through the Associations of Schools of Public Health/CDC Cooperative Agreement mechanism. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCHATTAUER GMBH-VERLAG MEDIZIN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN PI STUTTGART PA HOLDERLINSTRASSE 3, D-70174 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1078 EP 1084 DI 10.1160/TH08-12-0813 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 460VH UT WOS:000267218700016 ER PT J AU Anderson, SA Yang, H Gallagher, LM O'Callaghan, S Forshee, RA Busch, MP McKenna, MT Williams, I Williams, A Kuehnert, MJ Stramer, S Kleinman, S Epstein, J Dayton, AI AF Anderson, Steven A. Yang, Hong Gallagher, Lou M. O'Callaghan, Sharon Forshee, Richard A. Busch, Michael P. McKenna, Matthew T. Williams, Ian Williams, Alan Kuehnert, Matthew J. Stramer, Susan Kleinman, Steve Epstein, Jay Dayton, Andrew I. TI Quantitative estimate of the risks and benefits of possible alternative blood donor deferral strategies for men who have had sex with men SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; UNITED-STATES; NUCLEIC-ACID; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; HIV PREVALENCE; YOUNG MEN; TRANSFUSION; ANTIGEN; POPULATION AB Implementation of sensitive screening methods for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis viruses prompts the question of what quantitative risks may result from altered deferral strategies for donation of blood by men who have had sex with men (MSM). Quantitative probabilistic models were developed to assess changes in the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) associated with blood testing and quarantine release errors (QREs) in the initial year of two hypothetical policy scenarios that would allow donations from donors who have abstained from MSM behavior for at least 5 years (MSM5) or at least 1 year (MSM1). The MSM5 and MSM1 models, respectively, predicted annual increases in units of HIV-infected blood of 0.5% (0.03 mean additional units; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0-1) and 3.0% (0.18 mean additional units; 95% CI, 0-1) over current estimated HIV residual risk using recent, nationwide biologic product deviation reports to estimate QRE rates. These estimates are approximately 10-fold lower than estimates based on New York State QRE data from the previous decade. The models predicted smaller increases in infectious HBV donations. QREs remain the most significant preventable source of risk. More accurate inputs, including the percentage of MSM in the population, the percentage of MSM who have abstained from MSM activity for 1 or 5 years, the prevalence of HIV and HBV in MSM who have abstained from MSM activity for 1 or 5 years, the rate of self-deferral, and QRE rates, are required before making more precise predictions. C1 [Dayton, Andrew I.] US FDA, Off Blood Res & Review, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, Kenepuru, New Zealand. Off Australian Safety & Compensat Council, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Red Cross, Natl Testing & Reference Labs, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Dayton, AI (reprint author), US FDA, Off Blood Res & Review, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM andrew.dayton@fda.hhs.gov FU Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research; U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Food and Drug Administration; Institute for Environmental Science and Research Limited, Kenepuru, New Zealand FX This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Food and Drug Administration ( L. M. G.). Funding for travel and support were provided by the Institute for Environmental Science and Research Limited, Kenepuru, New Zealand ( L. M. G.). NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1102 EP 1114 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02124.x PG 13 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 453IB UT WOS:000266603000012 PM 19320868 ER PT J AU Biggerstaff, BJ Petersen, LR AF Biggerstaff, Brad J. Petersen, Lyle R. TI A modeling framework for evaluation and comparison of trigger strategies for switching from minipool to individual-donation testing for West Nile virus SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; RNA AB To decrease the likelihood of transmission from donations containing West Nile virus (WNV) levels below minipool nucleic acid test (MP-NAT) detection limits, blood centers switch from MP-NAT to individual-donation testing (ID-NAT) after detection of MP-NAT-positive donations. The effectiveness of strategies to trigger or discontinue ID-NAT screening is largely unknown. Twenty-seven strategies to trigger and discontinue ID-NAT screening were evaluated with a statistical model based on known dynamics of WNV infection and historical data on WNV prevalence among blood donations. Breakthroughs were defined as WNV immunoglobulin M antibody-negative, viremic (RNA-positive) donations that could only be identified by ID-NAT, but were screened by MP-NAT. Effectiveness (proportional reduction of breakthroughs relative to MP-NAT screening alone) and efficiency (absolute reduction of breakthroughs relative to the number of tests performed) were estimated by simulating donation years of varying outbreak severities over a range of blood collection frequencies. Most strategies were effective (> 75% reduction in breakthroughs) when daily donations exceeded 560. In larger centers (1008 donations daily), effectiveness of trigger-on strategies based on absolute number of MP-NAT-positive donations improved, but worsened for strategies using rate-based criteria. Effectiveness increased slightly by triggering on one MP-NAT-positive rather than two and increased substantially by increasing the duration from 7 to 14 days that no ID-NAT-positive donations are detected before resuming MP-NAT. Most trigger strategies become effective when test results from at least 560 donations daily are considered. A 14-day ID-NAT period may improve safety relative to the increase in the number of tests performed. C1 [Biggerstaff, Brad J.; Petersen, Lyle R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Biggerstaff, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM bbiggerstaff@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1159 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02112.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 453IB UT WOS:000266603000017 PM 19309472 ER PT J AU Basavaraju, SV Pitman, JP Henry, N McEwan, C Harry, C Hasbrouck, L Marum, L AF Basavaraju, S. V. Pitman, J. P. Henry, N. McEwan, C. Harry, C. Hasbrouck, L. Marum, L. TI The need for computerized tracking systems for resource-limited settings: the example of Georgetown, Guyana SO TRANSFUSION MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLATELET PRODUCTION; BLOOD C1 [Basavaraju, S. V.; Pitman, J. P.; Marum, L.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv,Med Transmiss Team, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Global AIDS,HIV Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Basavaraju, SV (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv,Med Transmiss Team, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Global AIDS,HIV Prevent Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sbasavaraju@cdc.gov OI Pitman, John/0000-0001-5983-7241 FU United States (or US) President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief FX This study was supported by The United States (or US) President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0958-7578 J9 TRANSFUSION MED JI Transfus. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 149 EP 151 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2009.00925.x PG 3 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 463JN UT WOS:000267428300009 PM 19566675 ER PT J AU Mathers, AJ Cox, HL Bonatti, H Kitchel, B Brassinga, AKC Wispelwey, B Sawyer, RG Pruett, TL Hazen, KC Patel, JB Sifri, CD AF Mathers, A. J. Cox, H. L. Bonatti, H. Kitchel, B. Brassinga, A. K. C. Wispelwey, B. Sawyer, R. G. Pruett, T. L. Hazen, K. C. Patel, J. B. Sifri, C. D. TI Fatal cross infection by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella in two liver transplant recipients SO TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE carbapenem; resistance; Klebsiella; beta-lactam; liver transplantation; carbapenemase; KPC; Enterobacteriaeae ID METALLO-BETA-LACTAMASE; ANTIMICROBIAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; NEW-YORK; PNEUMONIAE CARBAPENEMASE; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; SERIOUS INFECTIONS; SENTINEL CHICKEN; TIGECYCLINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PSEUDOMONAS AB A.J. Mathers, H.L. Cox, H. Bonatti, B. Kitchel, A.K.C. Brassinga, B. Wispelwey, R.G. Sawyer, T.L. Pruett, K.C. Hazen, J.B. Patel, C.D. Sifri. Fatal cross infection by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella in two liver transplant recipients.Transpl Infect Dis 2009: 11: 257-265. All rights reserved Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae including Klebsiella have re-emerged as major pathogens in solid organ transplantation. The recent appearance and dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe and the northeastern United States represents a major challenge to the treatment of enteric gram-negative bacterial infections in immunocompromised patients; however, few reports have detailed the outcomes of such infections. Here we report 2 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella infections in orthotopic liver transplant recipients, which were the index case and initial secondary case for an outbreak of KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in our institution. In both instances, the pathogens were initially misidentified as being carbapenem sensitive, the infections recurred after cessation of directed therapy, and the patients ultimately succumbed to their infections. C1 [Mathers, A. J.; Cox, H. L.; Brassinga, A. K. C.; Wispelwey, B.; Sifri, C. D.] Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Cox, H. L.] Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Pharm, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Bonatti, H.; Sawyer, R. G.; Pruett, T. L.] Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Surg, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Kitchel, B.; Patel, J. B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hazen, K. C.] Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Pathol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Sifri, CD (reprint author), Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, POB 801361, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM csifri@virginia.edu FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute Early Career Award FX Financial support: Work in the Sifri lab is supported by a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Early Career Award. NR 41 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1398-2273 J9 TRANSPL INFECT DIS JI Transpl. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2009.00374.x PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Transplantation SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Transplantation GA 453HX UT WOS:000266602600012 PM 19254325 ER PT J AU Tripp, DW Gage, KL Montenieri, JA Antolin, MF AF Tripp, Daniel W. Gage, Kenneth L. Montenieri, John A. Antolin, Michael F. TI Flea Abundance on Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) Increases During Plague Epizootics SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Black-tailed prairie dog; Cynomys ludovicianus; Plague; Yersinia ID EARLY-PHASE TRANSMISSION; YERSINIA-PESTIS; XENOPSYLLA-CHEOPIS; SYLVATIC PLAGUE; SIPHONAPTERA; TEMPERATURE; PULICIDAE; CERATOPHYLLIDAE; EFFICIENCY; OUTBREAKS AB Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) on the Great Plains of the United States are highly susceptible to plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, with mortality on towns during plague epizootics often approaching 100%. The ability of flea-borne transmission to sustain disease spread has been questioned because of inefficiency of flea vectors. However, even with low individual efficiency, overall transmission can be increased if flea abundance (the number of fleas on hosts) increases. Changes in flea abundance on hosts during plague outbreaks were recorded during a large-scale study of plague outbreaks in prairie dogs in north central Colorado during 3 years (2004-2007). Fleas were collected from live-trapped black-tailed prairie dogs before and during plague epizootics and tested by PCR for the presence of Y. pestis. The predominant fleas were two prairie dog specialists (Oropsylla hirsuta and Oropsylla tuberculata cynomuris), and a generalist flea species (Pulex simulans) was also recorded from numerous mammals in the area. The three species differ in seasonal abundance, with greatest abundance in spring (February and March) and fall (September and October). Flea abundance and infestation intensity increased during epizootics and were highest on prairie dogs with Y. pestis-infected fleas. Seasonal occurrence of epizootics among black-tailed prairie dogs was found to coincide with seasonal peaks in flea abundance. Concentration of infected fleas on surviving animals may account for rapid spread of plague during epizootics. In particular, the role of the generalist flea P. simulans was previously underappreciated. C1 [Tripp, Daniel W.; Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Tripp, Daniel W.; Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecol Project, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gage, Kenneth L.; Montenieri, John A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Antolin, MF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM michael.antolin@colostate.edu FU National Science Foundation [EID 0327052]; Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research Project [DEB 021763, 0823405] FX We thank the National Science Foundation for support through the Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program (EID 0327052), and the Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research Project (DEB 021763 and 0823405). We are indebted to A. Anderson, M. Blondeau, J. Cotter, B. Espe, A. Fellow, H. Franklin, B. Grady, K. Meierbachtol, M. Lindquist, L. Carter, J. Young, B. Flynn, R. Eisen, and D. Salkeld for their assistance. NR 51 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 13 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 313 EP 321 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0194 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 459GT UT WOS:000267090300012 PM 19492944 ER PT J AU Tulloch-Reid, MK Boyne, MS Smikle, MF Choo-Kang, EG Parkes, RH Wright-Pascoe, RA Barton, EN Wilks, RJ Williams, DE AF Tulloch-Reid, M. K. Boyne, M. S. Smikle, M. F. Choo-Kang, E. G. Parkes, R. H. Wright-Pascoe, R. A. Barton, E. N. Wilks, R. J. Williams, D. E. TI Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Caribbean Youth with Diabetes Mellitus SO WEST INDIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; SEARCH; TYPE-1; CLASSIFICATION; CHOLESTEROL AB Objective: To assess the effect of diabetes mellitus type on conventional and novel cardiovascular risk,factors in patients, diagnosed with diabetes from two major referral hospitals in Jamaica, before age 25 years and with diabetes duration < 6 years. Methods: Participants were classified based on the presence of GAD-65 and IA-2 autoantibodies, C-peptide, leptin and clinical phenotype. Trained observers obtained anthropometric measurements and sitting blood pressure. Fasting blood was taken for glucose, A1c, lipids, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipoprotein profile. Results: Fifty-eight participants (21M; 37F age 20 +/- 8 [Mean +/- SD] years, diabetes duration 2.6 +/- 2 years) were enrolled. Thirty-six had Type I diabetes (T1D), thirteen Type 2 diabetes (T2D), six were not typed and three had lipoatrophic diabetes. Patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) were more obese with a higher systolic blood pressure but a lower A1c than those with Type I diabetes (T1D). Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, LDL and HDL particle numbers were similar in patients with T1D and T2D. HDL-cholesterol and LDL and HDL particle sizes were lower in patients with T2D but differences were, no longer significant after adjusting for BMI. Conclusions: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease arc, common in patients with all forms of youth onset diabetes. Clinicians should therefore investigate these risk factors in their patients regardless of diabetes type. C1 [Tulloch-Reid, M. K.] Univ W Indies, Epidemiol Res Unit, TMRI, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [Smikle, M. F.] Univ W Indies, Dept Microbiol, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [Choo-Kang, E. G.] Univ W Indies, Dept Pathol, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [Parkes, R. H.] Kingston Publ Hosp, Dept Med, Kingston, Jamaica. [Wright-Pascoe, R. A.; Barton, E. N.] Univ W Indies, Dept Med, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [Williams, D. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tulloch-Reid, MK (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Epidemiol Res Unit, TMRI, Kingston 7, Jamaica. EM marshall.tullochreid.@uwimona.edu.jm RI Tulloch-Reid, Marshall/E-4383-2012; Boyne, Michael/I-2242-2013 OI Boyne, Michael/0000-0002-5227-2492 FU Caribbean Health Research Council; The University of the West Indies New Initiative Fund FX We wish to thank the participants, Margaret White, Donnahae Rhoden-Salmon and Dominique Turnquest for their contribution to this study. We also thank the SEARCH committee for making their protocol available. This study was funded from research grants received from the Caribbean Health Research Council and The University of the West Indies New Initiative Fund. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV WEST INDIES FACULTY MEDICAL SCIENCES PI KINGSTON PA MONA CAMPUS, KINGSTON 7, JAMAICA SN 0043-3144 J9 W INDIAN MED J JI West Ind. Med. J. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 58 IS 3 BP 219 EP 226 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 515AM UT WOS:000271438500006 PM 20043528 ER PT J AU Lasser, KE Murillo, J Medlin, E Lisboa, S Valley-Shah, L Fletcher, RH Emmons, KM Ayanian, JZ AF Lasser, Karen E. Murillo, Jennifer Medlin, Elizabeth Lisboa, Sandra Valley-Shah, Lisa Fletcher, Robert H. Emmons, Karen M. Ayanian, John Z. TI A multilevel intervention to promote colorectal cancer screening among community health center patients: results of a pilot study SO BMC FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID FECAL OCCULT BLOOD; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NAVIGATION; MORTALITY; CARE; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; DISPARITIES; COLONOSCOPY; POPULATION; BARRIERS AB Background: Colorectal cancer screening rates are low among poor and disadvantaged patients. Patient navigation has been shown to increase breast and cervical cancer screening rates, but few studies have looked at the potential of patient navigation to increase colorectal cancer screening rates. Methods: The objective was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a patient navigator-based intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening rates in community health centers. Patients at the intervention health center who had not been screened for colorectal cancer and were designated as "appropriate for outreach" by their primary care providers received a letter from their provider about the need to be screened and a brochure about colorectal cancer screening. Patient navigators then called patients to discuss screening and to assist patients in obtaining screening. Patients at a demographically similar control health center received usual care. Results: Thirty-one percent of intervention patients were screened at six months, versus nine percent of control patients (p < .001). Conclusion: A patient navigator-based intervention, in combination with a letter from the patient's primary care provider, was associated with an increased rate of colorectal cancer screening at one health center as compared to a demographically similar control health center. Our study adds to an emerging literature supporting the use of patient navigators to increase colorectal cancer screening in diverse populations served by urban health centers. C1 [Lasser, Karen E.] Boston Med Ctr, Gen Internal Med Sect, Boston, MA USA. [Lasser, Karen E.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Murillo, Jennifer] Cambridge Hlth Alliance, Dept Med, Cambridge, MA USA. [Murillo, Jennifer; Lisboa, Sandra; Valley-Shah, Lisa] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Medlin, Elizabeth] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lisboa, Sandra] Cambridge Hlth Alliance, Dept Community Affairs, Cambridge, MA USA. [Valley-Shah, Lisa] Cambridge Hlth Alliance, Dept Gastroenterol, Cambridge, MA USA. [Fletcher, Robert H.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. [Fletcher, Robert H.] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. [Emmons, Karen M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ayanian, John Z.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ayanian, John Z.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Lasser, KE (reprint author), Boston Med Ctr, Gen Internal Med Sect, Boston, MA USA. EM karen.lasser@bmc.org; jmurillo@challiance.org; bnd0@cdc.gov; slisboa@challiance.org; lvalley@challiance.org; robert_fletcher@hms.harvard.edu; Karen_M_Emmons@dfci.harvard.edu; ayanian@hcp.med.harvard.edu OI Lasser, Karen/0000-0003-3777-6075 FU American Cancer Society [MRSGT-05-007-01-CPPB] FX We would like to acknowledge the patients and PCPs who participated in the study. This study was supported by Mentored Research Scholar Grant MRSGT-05-007-01-CPPB from the American Cancer Society. (Dr. Lasser) NR 28 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2296 J9 BMC FAM PRACT JI BMC Fam. Pract. PD MAY 29 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 37 DI 10.1186/1471-2296-10-37 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 467RE UT WOS:000267759300001 PM 19480698 ER PT J AU Gubareva, L Okomo-Adhiambo, M Deyde, V Sheu, TG Garten, R Smith, C Barnes, J Myrick, A Hillman, M Shaw, M Bridges, C Klimov, A Cox, N AF Gubareva, L. Okomo-Adhiambo, M. Deyde, V. Sheu, T. G. Garten, R. Smith, C. Barnes, J. Myrick, A. Hillman, M. Shaw, M. Bridges, C. Klimov, A. Cox, N. TI Update: Drug Susceptibility of Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Viruses, April 2009 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 433-435, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Gubareva, L.; Okomo-Adhiambo, M.; Deyde, V.; Sheu, T. G.; Garten, R.; Smith, C.; Barnes, J.; Myrick, A.; Hillman, M.; Shaw, M.; Bridges, C.; Klimov, A.; Cox, N.] CDC, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect & Resp Dis, Influenza Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gubareva, L (reprint author), CDC, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect & Resp Dis, Influenza Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 27 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 20 BP 2086 EP 2087 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 449KF UT WOS:000266328800010 ER PT J AU Vugia, D Cronquist, A Cartter, M Tobin-D'Angelo, M Blythe, D Smith, K Lathrop, S Morse, D Cieslak, P Dunn, J Holt, KG Henao, OL Hoekstra, RM Angulo, FJ Griffin, PM Tauxe, RV Trivedi, KK AF Vugia, D. Cronquist, A. Cartter, M. Tobin-D'Angelo, M. Blythe, D. Smith, K. Lathrop, S. Morse, D. Cieslak, P. Dunn, J. Holt, K. G. Henao, O. L. Hoekstra, R. M. Angulo, F. J. Griffin, P. M. Tauxe, R. V. Trivedi, K. K. TI Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Infection With Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food-10 States, 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 333-337, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Cronquist, A.] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Cartter, M.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Blythe, D.] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Smith, K.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Morse, D.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Cieslak, P.] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Salem, OR USA. [Holt, K. G.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Trivedi, K. K.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 27 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 20 BP 2088 EP 2090 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 449KF UT WOS:000266328800012 ER PT J AU Bolen, J Murphy, L Greenlund, K Helmick, CG Hootman, J Brady, TJ Langmaid, G Keenan, N AF Bolen, J. Murphy, L. Greenlund, K. Helmick, C. G. Hootman, J. Brady, T. J. Langmaid, G. Keenan, N. TI Arthritis as a Potential Barrier to Physical Activity Among Adults With Heart Disease-United States, 2005 and 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 165-169, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CORONARY; PREVENTION; GUIDELINES; UPDATE C1 [Bolen, J.; Murphy, L.; Greenlund, K.; Helmick, C. G.; Hootman, J.; Brady, T. J.; Langmaid, G.] CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Keenan, N.] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bolen, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 20 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 19 BP 1978 EP 1980 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 446YU UT WOS:000266159600009 ER PT J AU Lledo, W Hernandez, M Lopez, E Molinari, OL Soto, RQ Hernandez, E Santiago, N Flores, M Vazquez, GJ Robledo, IE Garcia-Rivera, E Cortes, A Ramos, M Goering, R Srinivasan, A Gould, C Stine, N Bell, M Anderson, K Kitchel, B Wong, B Rasheed, JK Patel, J Tomashek, K Llata, E Gregory, CJ AF Lledo, W. Hernandez, M. Lopez, E. Molinari, O. L. Soto, R. Q. Hernandez, E. Santiago, N. Flores, M. Vazquez, G. J. Robledo, I. E. Garcia-Rivera, E. Cortes, A. Ramos, M. Goering, R. Srinivasan, A. Gould, C. Stine, N. Bell, M. Anderson, K. Kitchel, B. Wong, B. Rasheed, J. K. Patel, J. Tomashek, K. Llata, E. Gregory, C. J. TI Guidance for Control of Infections With Carbapenem-Resistant or Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Acute Care Facilities (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 256-260, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE C1 [Lledo, W.; Hernandez, M.; Lopez, E.; Molinari, O. L.; Soto, R. Q.; Hernandez, E.; Santiago, N.; Flores, M.; Vazquez, G. J.; Robledo, I. E.] Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Goering, R.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Llata, E.; Gregory, C. J.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lledo, W (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 20 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 19 BP 1980 EP 1982 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 446YU UT WOS:000266159600010 ER PT J AU Tai, E Richardson, L Townsend, J Steele, B AF Tai, E. Richardson, L. Townsend, J. Steele, B. TI Differences in length of stay among hospitalized children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 [Tai, E.; Richardson, L.; Townsend, J.; Steele, B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY 20 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 15 SU S MA 10044 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 582OF UT WOS:000276606606540 PM 27962470 ER PT J AU Woolfitt, AR Solano, MI Williams, TL Pirkle, JL Barr, JR AF Woolfitt, Adrian R. Solano, Maria I. Williams, Tracie L. Pirkle, James L. Barr, John R. TI Amino Acid Analysis of Peptides Using Isobaric-Tagged Isotope Dilution LC-MS/MS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; PROTEINS; QUANTITATION; PROTEOMICS AB Protein quantification using stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry requires the quantification of specific peptides unique to the protein of interest. Since these peptides are used as calibration standards, accurate and Precise measurement of these target peptides is critical. This peptide measurement has typically been made by amino acid analysis (AAA) using absorbance or fluorescence detection methods. This approach can be limited to only a few amino acids, is often not traceable to high-quality reference standards' and not uncommonly has coefficients of variation (CVs) that exceed 10%. We report here an isobaric-tagged isotope dilution mass spectrometry method for AAA that provides excellent sensitivity, specificity, and Precision; utilizes a broad range of amino acids; and uses U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) amino acid standards for an accuracy base. The average CV for the method applied to three different peptides with measurements on 7 different days was 3.57% (range 2.72-4.20%). We applied this method to the quantification of three NIST standard peptides and hemagglutinin, an influenza virus surface protein. C1 [Woolfitt, Adrian R.; Solano, Maria I.; Williams, Tracie L.; Pirkle, James L.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 10 BP 3979 EP 3985 DI 10.1021/ac900367q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 446BL UT WOS:000266095100036 PM 19364092 ER PT J AU Llata, E Gaynes, RP Fridkin, S AF Llata, Eloisa Gaynes, Robert P. Fridkin, Scott TI Measuring the Scope and Magnitude of Hospital-Associated Infection in the United States: The Value of Prevalence Surveys SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS; UNIVERSITY MEDICAL-CENTER; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; ITALIAN HOSPITALS; ANTIBIOTIC USE; RISK-FACTORS; SURVEILLANCE; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALANCE AB Health care-associated infections are a major public health concern both in the United States and abroad, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. As a consequence of changes in health care delivery and increasing demands on infection prevention, targeted surveillance has become common in the United States, focusing on areas of the hospital where a patient's risk for health care-associated infection is greatest, as opposed to hospital-wide surveillance; the latter can be used to estimate the national burden of health care-associated infections. Many countries have shown that prevalence surveys can be used to quantify the burden of disease and to help establish priorities to accomplish national goals of prevention of health care-associated infection. Several different surveillance methods have been used, prohibiting comparisons of results among methods. We address some of these key differences and provide recommendations in areas that should be considered when designing a point prevalence survey in the United States. C1 [Llata, Eloisa; Gaynes, Robert P.; Fridkin, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual & Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Llata, Eloisa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Llata, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual & Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ellata@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1434 EP 1440 DI 10.1086/598328 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 441DK UT WOS:000265749300018 PM 19351269 ER PT J AU Sundstrom, JB Hair, GA Ansari, AA Secor, WE Gilfillan, AM Metcalfe, DD Kirshenbaum, AS AF Sundstrom, J. Bruce Hair, Gregory A. Ansari, Aftab A. Secor, W. Evan Gilfillan, Alasdair M. Metcalfe, Dean D. Kirshenbaum, Arnold S. TI IgE-Fc epsilon RI Interactions Determine HIV Coreceptor Usage and Susceptibility to Infection during Ontogeny of Mast Cells SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HUMAN T-LYMPHOCYTES; CLADE-C INFECTION; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS; CXCR4 EXPRESSION; RHESUS MACAQUES; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; SURFACE EXPRESSION AB Progenitor mast cells (prMCs), derived from CD34(+) precursors are CD4(+)/CCR5(+)/CXCR4(+) and susceptible to CCR5(R5)-tropic virus but only marginally susceptible to CXCR4(X4)-tropic HIV. As infected prMCs mature within extravascular compartments, they become both latently infected and HIV-infection resistant, and thus capable of establishing an inducible reservoir of CCR5-tropic infectious clones. In this report we provide the first evidence that IgE-Fc epsilon RI interactions, occurring during a unique period of mast cell (MC) ontogeny, enhance prMC susceptibility to X4 and R5X4 virus. IgE-Fc epsilon RI interactions significantly increased expression of CXCR4 mRNA (similar to 400- to 1800-fold), enhanced prMC susceptibility to X4 and R5X4 virus (similar to 3000- to 16,000-fold), but had no significant effect on CD4, CCR3, or CCR5 expression, susceptibility to R5 virus, or degranulation. Enhanced susceptibility to infection with X4 virus occurred during the first 3-5 wk of MC ontogeny and was completely inhibited by CXCR4-specific peptide antagonists and omalizumab, a drug that inhibits IgE-Fc epsilon RI interactions. IgE-Fc epsilon RI coaggregation mediated by HIVgp120 or Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg Ag accelerated maximal CXCR4 expression and susceptibility to X4 virus by prMCs. Our findings suggest that for HIV-positive individuals with atopic or helminthic diseases, elevated IgE levels could potentially influence the composition of CXCR4-tropic and R5X4-tropic variants archived within the long-lived tissue MC reservoir created during infection. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 182: 6401-6409. C1 [Sundstrom, J. Bruce; Hair, Gregory A.; Ansari, Aftab A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gilfillan, Alasdair M.; Metcalfe, Dean D.; Kirshenbaum, Arnold S.] NIAID, Lab Allerg Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sundstrom, JB (reprint author), NIAID, Sci Review Program, Div Extramural Activ, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM sundstromj@niaid.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health [R01A1062383]; Division of Intramural Research; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health; Animal Resources Program of the National Institutes of Health [RR-00165] FX This work was supported in part by Grant R01A1062383 from the National Institutes of Health (to J.B.S.), in part by the Division of Intramural Research. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health. and in part by base Grant RR-00165 from the Animal Resources Program of the National Institutes of Health awarded to the Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 15 PY 2009 VL 182 IS 10 BP 6401 EP 6409 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0801481 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 443HC UT WOS:000265899800058 PM 19414793 ER PT J AU Tate, JE Bunning, ML Lott, L Lu, XY Su, J Metzgar, D Brosch, L Panozzo, CA Marconi, VC Faix, DJ Prill, M Johnson, B Erdman, DD Fonseca, V Anderson, LJ Widdowson, MA AF Tate, Jacqueline E. Bunning, Michel L. Lott, Lisa Lu, Xiaoyan Su, John Metzgar, David Brosch, Lorie Panozzo, Catherine A. Marconi, Vincent C. Faix, Dennis J. Prill, Mila Johnson, Brian Erdman, Dean D. Fonseca, Vincent Anderson, Larry J. Widdowson, Marc-Alain TI Outbreak of Severe Respiratory Disease Associated with Emergent Human Adenovirus Serotype 14 at a US Air Force Training Facility in 2007 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 16-19, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA ID MILITARY RECRUITS; YOUNG-ADULTS; LARGE EPIDEMIC; RISK-FACTORS; VIRUS WATCH; INFECTIONS; ILLNESS; SURVEILLANCE; TYPE-4; CHILDREN AB Background. In 2007, a US Air Force training facility reported a cluster of severe respiratory illnesses associated with a rare human adenovirus (Ad) serotype, Ad14. We investigated this outbreak to better understand its epidemiology, clinical spectrum, and associated risk factors. Methods. Data were collected from ongoing febrile respiratory illness (FRI) surveillance and from a retrospective cohort investigation. Because an Ad7 vaccine is in development, Ad7 antibody titers in pretraining serum samples from trainees with mild and those with severe Ad14 illness were compared. Results. During 2007, an estimated 551 (48%) of 1147 trainees with FRI were infected with Ad14; 23 were hospitalized with pneumonia, 4 required admission to an intensive care unit, and 1 died. Among cohort members (n = 173), the Ad14 infection rate was high (50%). Of those infected, 40% experienced FRI. Nocohort members were hospitalized. Male sex (risk ratio [RR], 4.7 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.2-10.1]) and an ill close contact (RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.2-2.2]) were associated with infection. Preexisting Ad7 neutralizing antibodies were found in 7 (37%) of 19 Ad14-positive trainees with mild illness but in 0 of 16 trainees with Ad14 pneumonia (P = .007). Conclusions. Emergence of Ad14, a rare Ad serotype, caused a protracted outbreak of respiratory illness among military recruits. Most infected recruits experienced FRI or milder illnesses. Some required hospitalization, and 1 died. Natural Ad7 infection may protect against severe Ad14 illness. C1 [Tate, Jacqueline E.; Lu, Xiaoyan; Panozzo, Catherine A.; Prill, Mila; Johnson, Brian; Erdman, Dean D.; Anderson, Larry J.; Widdowson, Marc-Alain] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Su, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bunning, Michel L.; Brosch, Lorie] USAF, Med Grp 37, San Antonio, TX USA. [Lott, Lisa] Off AF Surg Gen, Modernizat Directorate, San Antonio, TX USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Su, John; Fonseca, Vincent] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Metzgar, David; Faix, Dennis J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Tate, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clinton Rd NE,MS-A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jqt8@cdc.gov RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Widdowson, Marc-Alain/0000-0002-0682-6933 NR 35 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 10 BP 1419 EP 1426 DI 10.1086/598520 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 437TK UT WOS:000265509600003 PM 19351260 ER PT J AU Lewis, PF Schmidt, MA Lu, XY Erdman, DD Campbell, M Thomas, A Cieslak, PR Grenz, L Tsaknardis, L Gleaves, C Kendall, B Gilbert, D AF Lewis, Paul F. Schmidt, Mark A. Lu, Xiaoyan Erdman, Dean D. Campbell, Mary Thomas, Ann Cieslak, Paul R. Grenz, La Donna Tsaknardis, Laura Gleaves, Curt Kendall, Brian Gilbert, David TI A Community-Based Outbreak of Severe Respiratory Illness Caused by Human Adenovirus Serotype 14 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID MILITARY RECRUITS; VIRUS WATCH; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PNEUMONIA; DISEASE; PATHOGENICITY; CHILDREN AB Background. Human adenoviruses (Ads) typically cause mild illnesses in otherwise healthy hosts. We investigated a community-based outbreak that had substantial morbidity caused primarily by Ad14, an uncommon serotype. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients with confirmed cases of Ad infection from 1 November 2006 through 31 July 2007 in Oregon. Isolates were typed by sequencing. We analyzed clinical and laboratory variables to identify risk factors for severe Ad14 disease. Results. Ad14 first emerged in Oregon in 2005. Of 67 cases of Ad infection detected during the study period, 40 (60%) involved Ad14. Most of the 38 Ad14-infected patients who had medical records available for review presented with fever and cough; 29 (76%) required hospitalization, 23 (61%) required supplemental oxygen, 18 (47%) required critical care, 9 (24%) required vasopressors, and 7 (18%) died. Lobar infiltrates on chest radiographs suggestive of bacterial pneumonia were common among those needing hospitalization. Older age, chronic underlying condition, low absolute lymphocyte counts, and elevated creatinine levels were associated with severe illness. Except for 1 case of possible hospital transmission, we identified no epidemiological links among patients. Conclusion. Ad14 emerged in Oregon in 2005 and became the predominant circulating type by 2007. Infection with this uncommon virus was primarily associated with a community-acquired pneumonia syndrome and caused substantial morbidity and mortality. C1 [Lewis, Paul F.; Schmidt, Mark A.; Thomas, Ann; Cieslak, Paul R.; Grenz, La Donna; Tsaknardis, Laura] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Campbell, Mary; Gleaves, Curt; Kendall, Brian; Gilbert, David] Providence Portland Med Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Lu, Xiaoyan; Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lewis, PF (reprint author), 6315 SE 15th Ave, Portland, OR 97202 USA. EM paul.f.lewis@co.multnomah.or.us NR 27 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 10 BP 1427 EP 1434 DI 10.1086/598521 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 437TK UT WOS:000265509600004 PM 19351259 ER PT J AU Patel, MM Clark, AD Glass, RI Greenberg, H Tate, J Santosham, M Sanderson, CFB Steele, D Cortese, M Parashar, UD AF Patel, Manish M. Clark, Andrew D. Glass, Roger I. Greenberg, Harry Tate, Jacqueline Santosham, Mathuram Sanderson, Colin F. B. Steele, Duncan Cortese, Margaret Parashar, Urnesh D. TI Broadening the age restriction for initiating rotavirus vaccination in regions with high rotavirus mortality: Benefits of mortality reduction versus risk of fatal intussusception SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Rotavirus; Vaccines; Diarrhea; Mortality; Vaccine coverage ID INFANTS; CHILDREN; HOSPITALIZATION; CHALLENGES; EFFICACY; VACCINES; SAFETY; GASTROENTERITIS; ROTASHIELD; CHILDHOOD AB Introduction: Recently developed rotavirus vaccines have the potential to reduce diarrhea mortality in children in developing countries. Available data to date do not indicate risk of intussusception with these new vaccines. To avoid a potential unanticipated risk post-licensure, it is recommended that rotavirus immunization be initiated before 12 weeks of age when background intussusception rates are low. This policy could exclude a substantial number of children from vaccination, especially in developing countries where delays in vaccination are common. Methods: We conducted a scenario analysis to assess the potential benefits of mortality reduction from rotavirus versus the risk of fatal intussusception when the first dose of the vaccine is strictly administered by 12 weeks of age compared with a free strategy with vaccine administered before I year of age using data on rotavirus disease, vaccine safety and efficacy, and current diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination rates, and by incorporating hypothetical risks of intussusception. Results: In developing countries, assuming vaccine efficacy of 50% and 75% for doses 1 and 2, respectively, and a hypothetical sixfold and threefold increased relative risk of intussusception within 7 days of doses I and 2, respectively, initiating rotavirus immunization before 12 weeks of age would prevent 194,564 of the 517,959 annual rotavirus-associated deaths among children <5 years, while potentially resulting in 1106 fatal intussusception events. Administration of the first dose to infants up to I year of age would prevent an additional 54,087 rotavirus-associated deaths (total = 248,651) while potentially resulting in an additional 1226 intussusception deaths (total = 2332). Conclusion: In developing countries, the additional lives saved by broadening the age restrictions for initiation of rotavirus vaccination would far outnumber the hypothetical excess intussusception deaths that would accompany such an approach. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Patel, Manish M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Clark, Andrew D.; Sanderson, Colin F. B.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. [Santosham, Mathuram] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Steele, Duncan] Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. [Greenberg, Harry] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Patel, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MS-A47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM Aul3@CDC.GOV OI Sanderson, Colin/0000-0002-4838-6112 NR 40 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 14 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 22 BP 2916 EP 2922 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.016 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 446KI UT WOS:000266120100004 PM 19428901 ER PT J AU Pratt, R Robison, V Navin, T Bloss, E AF Pratt, R. Robison, V. Navin, T. Bloss, E. TI Trends in Tuberculosis-United States, 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 249-253, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Bloss, E.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 13 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 18 BP 1869 EP 1871 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 444JX UT WOS:000265978400009 ER PT J AU Ennis, JG Teal, AE Habura, A Madison-Antenucci, S Keithly, JS Arguin, PM Barnwell, JW Collins, WE Mali, S Slutsker, L Dasilva, A Hwang, J AF Ennis, J. G. Teal, A. E. Habura, A. Madison-Antenucci, S. Keithly, J. S. Arguin, P. M. Barnwell, J. W. Collins, W. E. Mali, S. Slutsker, L. Dasilva, A. Hwang, J. TI Simian Malaria in a U. S. Traveler-New York, 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 229-232, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Ennis, J. G.; Teal, A. E.; Habura, A.; Madison-Antenucci, S.; Keithly, J. S.] New York State Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Hwang, J.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ennis, JG (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 13 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 18 BP 1871 EP 1872 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 444JX UT WOS:000265978400010 ER PT J AU Janssen, D Lamberski, N Dunne, G Ginsberg, M Roach, C Tweeten, S Gorwitz, R Waterman, S Bensyl, D Sugerman, D AF Janssen, D. Lamberski, N. Dunne, G. Ginsberg, M. Roach, C. Tweeten, S. Gorwitz, R. Waterman, S. Bensyl, D. Sugerman, D. TI Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infections From an Elephant Calf-San Diego, California, 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 194-198, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Janssen, D.; Lamberski, N.] San Diego Zoo, Wild Anim Pk, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Ginsberg, M.; Roach, C.; Tweeten, S.] San Diego Cty Hlth & Human Svcs Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. [Sugerman, D.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Janssen, D (reprint author), San Diego Zoo, Wild Anim Pk, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 13 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 18 BP 1872 EP 1874 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 444JX UT WOS:000265978400011 ER PT J AU Galli, G Hancock, K Hoschler, K Devos, J Praus, M Bardelli, M Malzone, C Castellino, F Gentile, C McNally, T Del Giudice, G Banzhoff, A Brauer, V Montomoli, E Zambon, M Katz, J Nicholson, K Stephenson, I AF Galli, Grazia Hancock, Kathy Hoschler, Katja DeVos, Joshua Praus, Michaela Bardelli, Monia Malzone, Carmine Castellino, Flora Gentile, Chiara McNally, Teresa Del Giudice, Giuseppe Banzhoff, Angelika Brauer, Volker Montomoli, Emanuele Zambon, Maria Katz, Jacqueline Nicholson, Karl Stephenson, Iain TI Fast rise of broadly cross-reactive antibodies after boosting long-lived human memory B cells primed by an MF59 adjuvanted prepandemic vaccine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID A/DUCK/SINGAPORE/97 H5N3 VACCINE; MF59-ADJUVANTED INFLUENZA; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; IMMUNITY; SAFETY; VIRUS; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Proactive priming before the next pandemic could induce immune memory responses to novel influenza antigens. In an open-label study, we analyzed B cell memory and antibody responses of 54 adults who received 2 7.5-mu g doses of MF59-adjuvanted A/Vietnam/1194/2004 clade 1 (H5N1) vaccine. Twenty-four subjects had been previously primed with MF59-adjuvanted or plain clade 0-like A/duck/Singapore/1997 (H5N3) vaccine during 1999-2001. The prevaccination frequency of circulating memory B cells reactive to A/Vietnam/1194/2004 was low in both primed and unprimed individuals. However, at day 21 after boosting, MF59-adjuvanted primed subjects displayed a higher frequency of H5N1-specific memory B cells than plain-primed or unprimed subjects. The immune memory was rapidly mobilized by a single vaccine administration and resulted in high titers of neutralizing antibodies to antigenically diverse clade 0, 1, and 2 H5N1 viruses already at day 7. In general, postvaccination antibody titers were significantly higher in primed subjects than in unprimed subjects. Subjects primed with MF59-adjuvanted vaccine responded significantly better than those primed with plain vaccine, most notably in early induction and duration of cross-reacting antibody responses. After 6 months, high titers of cross-reactive antibody remained detectable among MF59-primed subjects. We conclude that distant priming with clade 0-like H5N3 induces a pool of cross-reactive memory B cells that can be boosted rapidly years afterward by a mismatched MF59-adjuvanted vaccine to generate high titers of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies rapidly. These results suggest that pre-pandemic vaccination strategies should be considered. C1 [McNally, Teresa; Nicholson, Karl; Stephenson, Iain] Univ Leicester, Dept Inflammat Infect & Immun, Leicester LE1 9HN, Leics, England. [Galli, Grazia; Bardelli, Monia; Malzone, Carmine; Castellino, Flora; Del Giudice, Giuseppe] Novartis Vaccines, Translat Med, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Hancock, Kathy; DeVos, Joshua; Katz, Jacqueline] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hoschler, Katja; Zambon, Maria] Hlth Protect Agcy, London NW9 5HT, England. [Praus, Michaela; Banzhoff, Angelika; Brauer, Volker] Novartis Vaccines, Regulatory Affairs & Stat, D-35041 Marburg, Germany. [Gentile, Chiara; Montomoli, Emanuele] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. RP Stephenson, I (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Inflammat Infect & Immun, Leicester LE1 9HN, Leics, England. EM iain.stephenson@uhl-tr.nhs.uk RI MONTOMOLI, EMANUELE/Q-2122-2015 OI MONTOMOLI, EMANUELE/0000-0001-7595-4974 FU Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN; Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics FX We thank the trial participants, University Hospitals of Leicester R&D, and colleagues from the Ministries of Health of Vietnam, Turkey, China, and Indonesia for providing viruses used in this study. J. D. V. received financial support from the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN. The study was supported by Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics. Investigators from Novartis Vaccines were involved in the study design, data collection, analysis, and writing of the report. NR 23 TC 143 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 12 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 19 BP 7962 EP 7967 DI 10.1073/pnas.0903181106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 447RG UT WOS:000266208900052 PM 19416838 ER PT J AU Nguyen, T Davis, CT Stembridge, W Shu, B Balish, A Inui, K Do, HT Ngo, HT Wan, XF McCarron, M Lindstrom, SE Cox, NJ Nguyen, CV Klimov, AI Donis, RO AF Nguyen, Tung Davis, C. Todd Stembridge, William Shu, Bo Balish, Amanda Inui, Kenjiro Do, Hoa T. Ngo, Huong T. Wan, Xiu-Feng McCarron, Margaret Lindstrom, Stephen E. Cox, Nancy J. Nguyen, Cam V. Klimov, Alexander I. Donis, Ruben O. TI Characterization of a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus sublineage in poultry seized at ports of entry into Vietnam SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Orthomyxovirus; Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; Phylogenetics; Geographic distribution; H5N1; Evolution; International trade ID MULTIPLE SUBLINEAGES; SOUTHERN CHINA; DUCK MEAT; A H5N1; EVOLUTION; SPREAD AB Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus was detected in poultry seized at two ports of entry located in Lang Son Province, Vietnam. Sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) genes from five H5N1 virus isolates and ten PCR amplicons from chicken cloacal samples revealed their close phylogenetic relationship to clade 7 H5N1 HA genes. However, these HA genes exhibited extensive genetic divergence at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels in comparison to previously described clade 7 viruses; e.g., A/chicken/Shanxi/2/2006. In addition, hemagglutination inhibition tests revealed antigenic differences between these and previously isolated H5N1 viruses from Vietnam. These results indicate that viruses with clade 7 HA are evolving rapidly in poultry in Southeast Asia. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Davis, C. Todd; Stembridge, William; Shu, Bo; Balish, Amanda; Wan, Xiu-Feng; McCarron, Margaret; Lindstrom, Stephen E.; Cox, Nancy J.; Klimov, Alexander I.; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nguyen, Tung; Inui, Kenjiro; Do, Hoa T.; Ngo, Huong T.; Nguyen, Cam V.] Natl Ctr Vet Diagnost, Dept Anim Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Donis, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rvd6@cdc.gov FU Vietnam Avian and Human Influenza Control and Preparedness Project FX We are grateful to the Vietnam Department of Animal Health (DAH) and DAH Regional Animal Health offices for submission of swab material and surveillance data to NCVD. Collection and testing of swab material were financed by the Vietnam Avian and Human Influenza Control and Preparedness Project. We thank the Bioinformatics and DNA Chemistry Laboratories of the Biotechnology Core Facility for synthesis of primers used for sequencing. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 10 PY 2009 VL 387 IS 2 BP 250 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.03.006 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 439YF UT WOS:000265663100002 PM 19342072 ER PT J AU Clark, KB Lin, SC Humphrey, C Foytich, K Esona, M Wang, YH Liu, M Jiang, BM AF Clark, Kristina B. Lin, Seh-Ching Humphrey, Charles Foytich, Kimberly Esona, Mathew Wang, Yuhuan Liu, Merry Jiang, Baoming TI Expression and characterization of human group C rotavirus virus-like particles in insect cells SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Group C rotavirus; ASP88; S-1; Virus-like particles ID SERIAL PROPAGATION; UNITED-STATES; 1ST DETECTION; INFECTION; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAK; DIARRHEA; PREVALENCE; BRAZIL AB Group C rotavirus (GpC RV) is a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. We expressed the three major capsid proteins VP2, VP6 and VP7 of human GpC RV in baculovirus and demonstrated the self-assembly of VP2/6/7 or VP6/7 virus-like particles (VLPs) in insect cells. We examined a number of parameters, including the kinetics of protein synthesis in different cell lines and media, to optimize the most favorable conditions for the synthesis of recombinant viral proteins and the production of VLPs in Sf9 cells. Hyperimmune serum to VP2/6/7 and VP6/7 VLPs recognized individual recombinant proteins of human GpC RV by Western blot analysis. This serum also showed specific reactivities with the corresponding GpC VLPs but not GpA RV by using immune electron microscopy (IEM) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The ability to produce an unlimited amount of GpC RV antigen and the availability of high quality antibody will allow us to develop sensitive and specific diagnostic assays to better determine the epidemiology and disease burden of GpC RV in humans. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jiang, Baoming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Clark, Kristina B.; Foytich, Kimberly; Esona, Mathew; Wang, Yuhuan; Jiang, Baoming] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lin, Seh-Ching; Liu, Merry] Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Sci Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jiang, BM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Mail Stop G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bjiang@cdc.gov RI Clark, Kristina/G-2821-2016 OI Clark, Kristina/0000-0002-8829-9793 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 10 PY 2009 VL 387 IS 2 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.02.023 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 439YF UT WOS:000265663100004 PM 19285329 ER PT J AU Liang, DL Chen, LM Ansari, IH Gil, LHVG Topliff, CL Kelling, CL Donis, RO AF Liang, Delin Chen, Limei Ansari, Israrul H. Gil, Laura H. V. G. Topliff, Christina L. Kelling, Clayton L. Donis, Ruben O. TI A replicon trans-packaging system reveals the requirement of nonstructural proteins for the assembly of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) virion SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE BVDV; Pseudo-particles; Trans-packaging; Complementation; NS2-3-4A precursor; Replication; Virion assembly ID SWINE-FEVER VIRUS; SERINE-PROTEASE; CLEAVAGE SITES; RNA-POLYMERASE; IN-VITRO; PESTIVIRUS; REPLICATION; NS3; CYTOPATHOGENICITY; POLYPROTEIN AB A selective trans-packaging system was developed to produce and isolate bovine viral diarrhea Virus (BVDV) pseudo-particles with complementing reporter replicons and their packaging proteins expressed in trans with recombinant vaccinia Virus. The encapsidation Of replicon rNS3-5B was dependent not only on the in trans expression of structural proteins C, E(rns), El and E2, but also the nonstructural proteins, p7 and contiguous precursor NS2-3-4A. Nonstructural p7, NS4B. NS5A or NS5B Could be expressed in cis and in trans with precursor NS2-3-4A without significantly affecting virion assembly efficiency. NS2-3-4A was identified as an in trans functional precursor in virion assembly. BVDV genomes with mutant NS5B, which did not undergo active replication, were packaged 5-fold less efficiently than the intact genomes demonstrating the importance of replication in virion packaging. These results suggest that genome replication and assembly are closely associated, consistent with a model in which these two steps are Coupled for maximum efficiency. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liang, Delin; Chen, Limei; Ansari, Israrul H.; Gil, Laura H. V. G.; Topliff, Christina L.; Kelling, Clayton L.; Donis, Ruben O.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Donis, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, NCIRD, CCID, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ckelling1@unl.edu; rdonis@cdc.gov RI Saude Publica, Inct/J-9544-2013 FU USDA/NRI [2002-35204-11619] FX A contribution of the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, supported by funds provided through USDA/NRI grant 2002-35204-11619 to R.O.D. is acknowledged. We thank Dr. E. J. Dubovi for antibodies and bovine cell lines. We also thank the UNL genome research facility for all the DNA sequencing. The members of the Donis lab are acknowledged for their help and valuable Suggestions. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 10 PY 2009 VL 387 IS 2 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.02.019 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 439YF UT WOS:000265663100011 PM 19327808 ER PT J AU Wang, HJ Tuve, S Erdman, DD Lieber, A AF Wang, Hongjie Tuve, Sebastian Erdman, Dean D. Lieber, Andre TI Receptor usage of a newly emergent adenovirus type 14 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adenovirus; Species B; Tropism ID SPECIES-B ADENOVIRUSES; CELLULAR RECEPTOR; GENE-TRANSFER; FIBER KNOB; CD46; BINDING; CELLS; INFECTIONS; VECTOR; CHILDREN AB Recently, cases of severe respiratory illness in military and civilian populations have been associated with a new genomic variant of adenovirus (Ad) serotype 14, designated Ad14a. Compared to the Ad14 reference strain (de Wit), this new virus had a deletion of two amino acid residues in the fiber protein knob. Here we tested whether this mutation changed receptor usage of Ad14a compared to Ad14-de Wit. Competition studies with radio-labeled viruses revealed that both Ad14-de Wit and Ad14a used the same receptor which is hitherto unknown. We also found that recombinant fiber knobs only partially blocked attachment of Ad14a, indicating that virus capsid proteins other than the fiber are involved in infection. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Hongjie; Tuve, Sebastian; Lieber, Andre] Univ Washington, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lieber, Andre] Univ Washington, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lieber, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, Div Med Genet, 1705 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lieber00@u.washington.edu FU NIH [HLA078836] FX The opinions expressed by the authors contributing to this manuscript do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 10 PY 2009 VL 387 IS 2 BP 436 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.02.034 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 439YF UT WOS:000265663100022 PM 19307010 ER PT J AU He, XQ Ma, Q AF He, Xiaoqing Ma, Qiang TI Induction of Metallothionein I by Arsenic via Metal-activated Transcription Factor 1 CRITICAL ROLE OF C-TERMINAL CYSTEINE RESIDUES IN ARSENIC SENSING SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION; FACTOR MTF-1; ZINC FINGERS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; NAD(P)H-QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE; HEAVY-METALS; MOUSE; PROTECTION AB Metal-activated transcription factor 1 (MTF1) mediates the induction of metallothioneins I and II by zinc and stress signals. The mechanism of MTF1 activation has not been well understood. We analyzed the interaction between arsenic (As3+) and MTF1 for Mt1 induction. As3+ potently induces Mt1 mRNA expression in mouse hepa1c1c7 cells. Induction is dependent upon functional MTF1 as induction is lost in Mtf1 knockout cells but is restored upon reconstitution with Mtf1; moreover, As3+ induces the binding of MTF1 to the metal response elements of endogenous Mt1. Induction is not affected by modulating zinc concentrations but is markedly enhanced by cycloheximide. Phenylarsine oxide (PAO), which covalently binds to vicinal protein cysteine thiol groups, induces Mt1 with a magnitude of higher potency than that of As3+. PAO affinity beads effectively pulls down the carboxyl half of MTF1 (MTF1(321-675)) by binding to a cluster of five cysteine residues near the terminus. Preincubation with As3+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Hg2+, and Bi3+ blocks pulldown ofMTF1(321-675) by PAO beads in vitro and in vivo, indicating that binding of the metal inducers to the same C-terminal cysteine cluster as PAO occurs. Deletion of the C-terminal cysteine cluster or mutation of the cysteine residues abolishes or markedly reduces the transcription activation activity of MTF1 and the ability of MTF1 to restore Mt1 induction in Mtf1 knockout cells. The findings demonstrate a critical role of the C-terminal cysteine cluster of MTF1 in arsenic sensing and gene transcription via arsenic-cysteine thiol interaction. C1 [He, Xiaoqing; Ma, Qiang] NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Ma, Qiang] W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM qam1@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 8 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 19 BP 12609 EP 12621 DI 10.1074/jbc.M901204200 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 440GH UT WOS:000265688300005 PM 19276070 ER PT J AU Ayala, C Kuklina, EV Peralez, J Keenan, NL Labarthe, DR AF Ayala, C. Kuklina, E. V. Peralez, J. Keenan, N. L. Labarthe, D. R. TI Application of Lower Sodium Intake Recommendations to Adults-United States, 1999-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 281-283, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Ayala, C.; Kuklina, E. V.; Peralez, J.; Keenan, N. L.; Labarthe, D. R.] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ayala, C (reprint author), CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 6 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 17 BP 1759 EP 1760 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 441AU UT WOS:000265742500009 ER PT J AU Vugla, DJ Wheeler, C Cummings, KC Karon, A AF Vugla, D. J. Wheeler, C. Cummings, K. C. Karon, A. TI Increase in Coccidioidomycosis-California, 2000-2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 105-109, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ARIZONA C1 [Karon, A.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 6 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 17 BP 1760 EP 1762 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 441AU UT WOS:000265742500010 ER PT J AU Hall, AJ Paulozzi, LJ AF Hall, Aron J. Paulozzi, Leonard J. TI Prescription Opioids and Overdose Deaths Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Hall, Aron J.; Paulozzi, Leonard J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hall, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ajhall@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 6 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 17 BP 1767 EP 1768 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 441AU UT WOS:000265742500019 ER PT J AU Abramowitz, S Koenig, LJ Chandwani, S Orban, L Stein, R LaGrange, R Barnes, W AF Abramowitz, Susan Koenig, Linda J. Chandwani, Sulachni Orban, Lisa Stein, Renee LaGrange, Ricardo Barnes, William TI Characterizing Social Support: Global and Specific Social Support Experiences of HIV-Infected Youth SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY; ANTIRETROVIRAL ADHERENCE; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; POSITIVE YOUTH; MENTAL-HEALTH; ADOLESCENTS; DISCLOSURE; INTERVENTION; PREDICTORS; MORTALITY AB This study examined the nature, type, and source of social support available to a diverse group of HIV-infected adolescents and the relationship between social support and depression. Data were obtained from the baseline assessment of Adolescent Impact, a behavioral intervention conducted in 2003-2006 involving 166 HIV-infected youth, ages 13-21, in care at four urban medical centers. Youth completed the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, Beck Depression Inventory, and questions about HIV-specific social support including locus ( family and friends) and type (structural, perceived, instrumental, and satisfaction). Linear regression modeling examined the relation between HIV-specific and general perceived social support, and between social support and depression. Participants were predominately minority (72% black and 20% Hispanic); perinatally infected (60% PIY), and female (53%). Most had someone to either remind them to attend (71%) or to bring them to clinic ( 60%), a majority family (53%) and fewer friends (4%). More youth reported being satisfied with family (64%) social support than that from friends (51%). Behaviorally infected youth (BIY) had significantly more friends who knew their serostatus than PIY (means = 4.5 and 1.7; p < 0.001), but received significantly less help from family in accessing care (p < 0.001). Satisfaction with family social support was the best predictor of general perceived social support with general perceived social support and behavioral mode of transmission the best predictors of depression. Regular screening of HIV-positive youth for social support needs, especially BIY, and identification of sources for social support should be a regular part of care. C1 [Abramowitz, Susan; Chandwani, Sulachni; Orban, Lisa] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Koenig, Linda J.; Stein, Renee] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [LaGrange, Ricardo] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Adolescent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Barnes, William] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Adolescent Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Abramowitz, S (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, NB 8,West 43,550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM susan.abramowitz@nyumc.org FU New York University School of Medicine [U64CCU219448]; Children's Hospital Research Institute [U64CCU319459]; University of Maryland Medical School [U64CCU319455] FX This study was funded by the Centers for Disease Control through cooperative agreements U64CCU219448 (New York University School of Medicine), U64CCU319459 (Children's Hospital Research Institute) and U64CCU319455 (University of Maryland Medical School). NR 45 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD MAY PY 2009 VL 23 IS 5 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1089/apc.2008.0194 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 441MQ UT WOS:000265773700003 PM 19320599 ER PT J AU Hanson, DL Adje-Toure, C Talla-Nzussouo, N Eby, P Borget, MY Kouadio, LY Celestin, BE Tossou, O Eholie, S Kadio, A Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN AF Hanson, Debra L. Adje-Toure, Christiane Talla-Nzussouo, N. Eby, Pascal Borget, Marie-Yolande Kouadio, Leonard Ya Celestin, Bile Ebi Tossou, Odette Eholie, Serge Kadio, Auguste Chorba, Terence Nkengasong, John N. TI HIV Type 1 Drug Resistance in Adults Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WILL ART ROLLOUT; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; TRANSMISSION; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; ASSAYS; ADHERENCE AB As antiretroviral therapy continues to scale-up in developing countries, there is concern that high levels of HIV drug resistance to antiretroviral drugs will occur. Here we describe rates of emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance and factors associated with their occurrence among adults who received antiretroviral therapy ( ART) for > 1 year through the Cote d'Ivoire national drug access program from 1998 to 2003. To detect genotypic drug resistance, we sequenced all 1- and 2-year specimens with detectable HIV RNA viral load. To assess factors associated with emerging drug resistance, we used log normal regression with interval censoring, including covariates in the model for self-reported drug adherence, CD4 cell count, and HIV viral load at therapy initiation, and observed changes in these measures, type of prescribed ART drugs, diagnoses of opportunistic illness, and demographic characteristics. An estimated 14.2% [95% confidence limits (CL) 11.7, 16.9] and 26.6% ( 95% CL 22.7, 30.8) of patients developed primary drug-resistant mutations within 1 year and 2 years after initiation of therapy, respectively. Factors associated with drug resistance included drug nonadherence, partial or lack of viral suppression, higher viral load or lower CD4 at initiation of therapy, and initiation of ART with what is now considered substandard dual combination therapy. Our results demonstrate the need to strengthen adherence and continuity in treatment programs in order to avoid interruption of ART drugs. Treatment programs should pay attention to indicators of emerging drug resistance: incomplete or lesser decreases in viral load or increases in CD4 cell counts following initiation of therapy, and the occurrence of AIDS opportunistic illnesses. C1 [Nkengasong, John N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Lab Branch, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent NCHHSTP,C, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Adje-Toure, Christiane; Talla-Nzussouo, N.; Eby, Pascal; Borget, Marie-Yolande; Kouadio, Leonard Ya; Celestin, Bile Ebi; Tossou, Odette; Chorba, Terence; Nkengasong, John N.] Projet PETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Eholie, Serge; Kadio, Auguste] Univ Teaching Hosp, Serv Malad Infect & Trop, Treichville, Cote Ivoire. [Hanson, Debra L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent NCH, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Lab Branch, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent NCHHSTP,C, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcn5@cdc.gov FU Global AIDS Program; National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention; U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Financial support was provided by the Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1089/aid.2008.0273 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 447DA UT WOS:000266170600003 PM 19388820 ER PT J AU Cogswell, ME Looker, AC Pfeiffer, CM Cook, JD Lacher, DA Beard, JL Lynch, SR Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Cogswell, Mary E. Looker, Anne C. Pfeiffer, Christine M. Cook, James D. Lacher, David A. Beard, John L. Lynch, Sean R. Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. TI Assessment of iron deficiency in US preschool children and nonpregnant females of childbearing age: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; SERUM FERRITIN; BODY IRON; ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; ASSAY; INDICATORS; HEMOGLOBIN AB Background: A new index to determine body iron promises a simpler approach to monitoring iron deficiency (ID) prevalence. Objective: Our objective was to compare ID defined as body iron, <0 mg/kg and calculated from the log ratio of transferrin receptor to ferritin (the body iron model) to ID defined as >= 2 of 3 abnormal concentrations in ferritin, transferrin saturation, or erythrocyte protoporphyrin (the ferritin model). Design: We used measures of iron status and inflammation from 486 children aged 1-2 y, 848 children aged 3-5 y, and 3742 nonpregnant females aged 12-49 y from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. Results: ID prevalences (+/- SE) based on the body iron model in children (1-2 and 3-5 y) and in females (12-19 and 20-49 y) were 14.4 +/- 1.9%, 3.7 +/- 0.8%, 9.3 +/- 1.0%, and 9.2 +/- 1.6%, respectively. ID prevalences based on the ferritin model in children (3-5 y) and females (12-19 and 20-49 y) were 4.5 +/- 0.9%, 15.6 +/- 1.2%, and 15.7 +/- 0.8%, respectively. The kappa statistics for agreement between the 2 models were 0.5-0.7. Among females (12-49 y) the positive predictive values of ID based on the body iron model and the ferritin model for identifying anemia were 43 +/- 3% and 30 +/- 2%, respectively, whereas negative predictive values did not differ. C-reactive protein was elevated in 28.8 +/- 3.1% of females with ID by the ferritin model but not by the body iron model and in 0% of persons with ID by the body iron model but not by the ferritin model. Conclusions: The agreement between the 2 indexes was fair to good. Among females, the body iron model produced lower estimates of ID prevalence, better predicted anemia, and appeared to be less affected by inflammation than the ferritin model. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:1334-42. C1 [Cogswell, Mary E.; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Looker, Anne C.; Lacher, David A.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Pfeiffer, Christine M.] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cook, James D.] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. [Beard, John L.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lynch, Sean R.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Internal Med, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Cogswell, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop E-86,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mcogswell@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 100 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1334 EP 1342 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27151 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 436EB UT WOS:000265394300010 PM 19357218 ER PT J AU Gust, DA Kennedy, A Weber, D Evans, G Kong, Y Salmon, D AF Gust, Deborah A. Kennedy, Allison Weber, Deanne Evans, Geoff Kong, Yuan Salmon, Daniel TI Parents Questioning Immunization: Evaluation of an Intervention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE immunizations; exemptions; brochures; intervention ID NONMEDICAL EXEMPTIONS; PERTUSSIS VACCINATION; EDUCATIONAL-MATERIALS; HEALTH; VACCINES; CHILDREN; MEASLES; LAWS AB Objectives: To compare attitudes of parents who filed or considered filing an exemption to school immunization requirements and/or would not have their child immunized if it were not required by law (cases) to controls. To develop and evaluate a brochure intervention for parents considering an exemption. Methods: Interviews, focus groups, mailed surveys. Results: Cases had more negative attitudes about vaccines than controls did. Although the brochure did not significantly improve parents' immunization attitudes compared to controls, most parents who received the intervention reported a positive impression. Conclusions: A science-based educational intervention for parents considering a vaccine exemption may help improve parents' opinions of childhood vaccines. C1 [Gust, Deborah A.; Kennedy, Allison; Kong, Yuan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Weber, Deanne] Porter Novelli, Washington, DC USA. [Evans, Geoff] US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Div Vaccine Injury Compensat, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Salmon, Daniel] Univ Florida, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Gainesville, FL USA. [Salmon, Daniel] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Vaccine Safety, Baltimore, MD USA. [Salmon, Daniel] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Gust, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dgust@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 10 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 3 BP 287 EP 298 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 439WE UT WOS:000265657400007 PM 19063650 ER EF